This is a reproduction of a library book that was digitized by Google as part of an ongoing effort to preserve the information in books and make it universally accessible. https://books.google.com Library of the University of Wisconsin General Library System University ofWisconsin -Madison 728 State Street Madison, WI53706-1494 U.S.A. 130022 JUN 7 1909 + 18042 Chicago Teachers ' Federation 3-4 AP .C532 T25 3-4 Bulletin 100 No. 1 . Vol. 3. CHICAGO , NOVEMBER 20, 1903 . THE PROFESSIONAL AND FINANCIAL SIDE . argue, but it is enough just now to accept that they are different. At the very beginning of the discussion put The essence of teaching is service. What has teaching out of the list of money-making employ- money to do with it ? This is the key to the ques- ments. It has never been one, taken as a whole. tion of teacher's wages. Only to the extent that money improves the service of education may it be The only circumstances in which the "school busi- asked for. This is the only line of argument that ness" can be a good financial investment is when seems to a taxpayer or to a community, sound. The the general public is so evidently deprived of good weakness of the teacher's position in salary matters schools that the people will pay a private individual has consisted in failure to make this argument in- telligible. The teachers have permitted their sal- good returns to furnish education. Teaching is no ary increases to seem like personal presents to them. more a salable commodity than preaching is, or, to The board members voting increases of salary have put it in the class that Socrates did than love is. wished to pose like the squire with his servants on You can't institute any comparisons that hold be. Christmas morning. Organization, study and un- tween teaching and business or between teaching impassioned presentation of facts, especially through and law. Whoever said, in this journal, that the the press, is the correct method of adjusting salary city superintendent of schools of New York would defects. The line of argument is : schools are not now, as a lawyer, be receiving an income of seventy- good enough. Show how they should be better. five thousand or a hundred thousand dollars a year Show that to secure these improvements the teacher for the same kind of work and the same amount must be enabled to give a higher class of service. of work that he is now giving, might as truly have Show that the service will improve as the living of said the same thing regarding preaching as com- the teacher is better. Elaborate the effect of more pared with burglary. The richest man in America extended preparation for work. Show exactly what is the richest man in America because he was shrewd it costs to secure that preparation. Add up the enough to invent commercial tricks which it re- fees , the cost of books, the cost of board while se- quired later legislation to put into the category of curing the training required. Then demonstrate crimes and misdemeanors. Shrewdness , cleverness, the effect of fairly good living upon the teacher getting more than you give is the essence of getting himself and immediately upon the taxpayer's school rich in every case I know of. Shrewdness, trickery children. Don't fail to carry every argument away and getting more than you give is so essentially the from the teacher's personal benefit to the improve- antithesis of the spirit of teaching that the man who ment of the citizen's interest. However dear to thinks he can get rich by teaching must be either a ourselves we may be we as persons cut very little fool or a knave. If teaching does not come in the figure in the eyes of the law. Our personal happi- category of money-making pursuits where does it ness is of no more consequence than that of any belong? other citizen, but we, as forces acting upon grow- Undoubtedly it belongs with preaching. The ing children, are of immense importance, and it is ultimate objects of them may be somewhat different, a tremendous mistake to let us get worried, irritable but their mainsprings, love and duty, are the same. or diminished as to efficiency in any way. Whoever said that the preacher fits you for heaven Show what a teacher ought to have in the way of while the teacher prepares you for the world that clothes, books, room, exercise, etc., to give the tax- is (called by the educational scientists, the environ- payer's child good service. Underestimate these ment) , will now be discredited both by preachers things yourself, but get some enthusiastic citizen to and teachers. After reading Lyman Abbott's sum- work out the same ideas and give him free swing mary of the minister's aims, and Charles R. Skin- and plenty of publicity. Get the leading men in ner's outline of what the schoolmaster should ac- your locality to figure out what a good living costs complish, I find the line between the two professions per year and get them to sign their estimates of the blurred and wavy. cost of a good living, not for themselves, but for I never saw a teacher yet who wasn't a mission- anybody. Itemize these things. This shows that ary. Accept the title. Agree to what it signifies. you know what you are talking about. Get them to Turn your backs, once for all, upon the hope, a estimate an adequate amount for rent, light, fuel, common American inheritance, that some day you board, clothes, newspapers and periodicals, church, shall enjoy wealth and all the pleasures it may bring. charity, amusements, concerts, etc., summer outing, Those are not for us. Our delights are fundamen- doctor, dentist, medicine, professional literature, tally different. That they are higher and better professional society dues, hospitality, deposit for a than the others may be a proposition interesting to rainy day. Then take these figures and print them . CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . alongside of the salaries paid in your system. If capitalist. Both are men, with the virtues and your salaries exceed the estimates for a good liv- vices of men, and each wishes at times more than ing publish it to all the world that the example of his fair share. Yet, broadly considered, the inter- your board may be effective on benighted com- est of the one is the interest of the other, and the munities. If your salaries are less than the esti- prosperity of the one is the prosperity of the other. mated cost of a good living ask what details of liv- Where wages are high, capital and the conduct of ing you should omit. business are not without their reward ; where the If some one says that you should receive less industry of the country is carried on by broad- money because your hours are shorter ask what you minded, far-seeing, adventurous leaders, the re- can do to piece out your income in your leisure muneration of labor increases, even to the common time. Ask to have your hours made longer. Fol- laborer on the streets. low every proposition to a logical conclusion. The trade unions stand for the principle of the Leave no shadowy replies in a position that seems united action and for the policy of a living wage to settle the question. Throw the search-light of earned under fair living conditions. In union there inquiry upon it. Ascertain what practical means is strength, justice and moderation ; in disunion, of making money in vacation can be counted on to nothing but an alternating humility and insolence, make your teaching service better. Draw up a state of industrial despotism tempered by futile tables of salaries of teachers and of other public and passing revolutions. Unions stand for the right servants , attorneys, judges, constables and bridge- of the association, self-government, and free speech, tenders. Compare their cost of preparation and for the dignity and self-respect of the workman, their hours of service. Compare the nerve drain. for the mutual esteem of capitalist and wage earner, Compare the quality of work done, compare the and for a wide, far-seeing, open-minded, democratic value of the service to the commonwealth. Keep conduct of industry. The living wage means the the whining tone out of it. Reason together and American standard of living. The world does not admit that you yourselves ought to be doing bet- owe a man a living, but a man owes it to himself, ter work. Show what you need to enable you to and the industry that voluntarily employs and vol- do better work. Bind yourselves by promises to untarily retains him owes him the right to earn it do it if the taxpayer puts you where you can. under fair and living conditions . This, as I said before, is the only sound basis In the pursuit of these ideals trade unionism has on which to ask for higher salaries. Chancellor justified its existence by good work and high pur- says we get what we are worth. As a class we are poses. At one time viewed with suspicion by too willing to let our reputation be lowered by the workmen and employer alike, it has gained the af- unmolested incompetents alongside of us. David- fections of the one and the enlightened esteem of son says it is our fault if we do not show the public the other. Slowly and gradually it has progressed the economy of better salaries. Harper says the toward the fulfillment of its ideals. It has elevated best men are not teachers because they cannot af- the standard of living of the American workman ford to be. Schurman says men are leaving the and conferred upon him higher wages and more ranks in droves because they cannot teach and sup- leisure. It has increased efficiency, diminished ac- port a family. If you believe a high standard of cidents, averted disease, kept the children at school, education is desirable for this country it is your raised the moral tone of the factories, and improved duty to show how the mode of life of teachers out- the relations between employer and employed. In able obstacle to good educational work. Get busy. so doing it has stood upon the broad ground of jus- side of a few enlightened districts is an insuper- tice and humanity. It has defended the weak -William McAndrew in the School Journal. against the strong, the exploited against the ex- ploiter. It has stood for efficiency rather than pro- duction, for the man rather than the dollar. It has PREFACE TO “ ORGANIZED LABOR" voiced the claims of the unborn as of the living and has stayed the hand of that ruthless, near-sighted, By JOHN MITCHELL . profit- seeking which would destroy future genera- The average wage earner has made up his mind tions as men wantonly cut down forests. It has that he must remain a wage earner. He has given spoken for the negro slave on the plantation and up the hope of a kingdom to come, where he him- the white slave in the factory. It has aided and self will be a capitalist, and he asks that the reward educated the newly arrived immigrant, protected the for his work be given to him as a workingman. toil of women and children, and fought the battle Singly, he has been too weak to enforce his just de- of the poor in attic and sweat shop. It has con- mands and he has sought strength in union and has ferred benefits , made sacrifices, and, unfortunately, associated himself into labor organizations. committed errors . Labor unions are for the workingman, but I do not conceal from myself that trade unionism against no one. They are not hostile to employers , has made its mistakes. No institution fully attains not inimical to the interests of the general public. its ideals, the men stumble and fall in their upward They are for a class, because that class exists and striving. The labor union is a great, beneficent, has class interests, but the unions did not create and democratic institution, not all-good, not all-wise, not do not perpetuate the class or its interests and do not all-powerful, but with the generous virtues and en- seek to evoke a class conflict. thusiastic faults of youth . Labor leaders have There is no necessary hostility between labor and erred, but the underlying impulse has been good, capital. Neither can do without the other ; each and the unions have sought the welfare of their class has evolved from the other. Capital is labor saved and of society. and materialized; the power to labor is in itself a I have mentioned these faults and errors of Am- form of capital. There is not even a necessary, fun- erican trade unions, because I believe that they damental antagonism between the laborer and the should not be glossed over by the men who love the CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . unions in spite of their faults. I believe, however, THE TEACHER. that many employers have been less than just and I. haye closed their eyes to the virtues of unions while The teacher spends her early years searching for flaws with a microscope. Capital In preparation for the strife should be as tolerant and fair to labor as labor is to Of leading youthful minds to grasp capital, and the employer should cease to consider The knowledge which they need in life. unions and their policy beneath his notice and should begin to study them in a frank, open-minded II . manner. What is required between these two fac- She finds the pathway very steep, tors in production are knowledge and mutual un- And thorny, too, as day by day , derstanding. Ignorance is the mother of prejudice Courageously, she plods along , and strife, and peace may come only from an under- Until her health and strength give way. standing of the attitude of an opponent. The labor III . problem cannot be solved by the benevolence of And then, when old and feeble grown, employers, but only by their justice and wisdom, not Her place a youthful maiden fills, by gifts or donations, not by allotments or sales of And she is turned adrift to bear stocks, not even by profit-sharing. However As best she may, life's cares and ills. beneficent these may be, the problem can be solved only by a recognition of the rights of labor and the IV. willingness on the part of employers to confer with It may be there is naught ahead, their associated workmen and to formulate trade For others she has had to care, agreements contract. covering the whole field of the labor And now when past her usefulness, Humiliation she must bear. The recognition of the rights of organized labor V. by the making of trade agreements will, with the coming years, become more and more general in the For firemen brave, and bluecoats, too, United States. The American employer is too The city sets aside each year broad-minded not to realize the advantage of such A certain sum to help them through, a method of securing stable conditions and of en- So they the future need not fear. suring a spirit of friendly co-operation among his VI. men. The manufacturer of the future will no more For women, too, who spend their lives forego such an insurance of the good will of his In helping youthful minds to soar, workmen than he will permit his factory to remain The city should provide a fund uninsured against fire. The trade agreement makes To aid them when their work is o'er. for peace in the industrial world. Strikes will not MRS. M. L. GARCIA . entirely disappear, and the fear or possibility of strikes will still remain, but the frequent bickerings THE SCHOOLMA'AM AT THE HELM . and constant irritation will vanish , and strikes them- selves will be reduced to a minimum. To the pres- Each generation sees the rush away from the ent period of industrial war will succeed an era of land grow, sees the cities swell, sees character and peace, an era of peace with honor to both sides. individuality struggling with heavier odds. When The recognition of the rights of organized labor I watch the seas rising and the clouds threatening, should be to the employing class as much a prin- I think of the schoolma'am at the helm and am ciple as a policy. It is a recognition of the dignity glad. Laugh if you will ; I am content. While of labor, of the equal rights of men engaged in man- she is there we are safe . ual toil. It is a second emancipation, freeing both In a very real way the teacher is, must be, both master and slave. Former slave owners found it mother and home to too many of her children. difficult to treat with freedom, and it is no less dif- Could any pay reward the weary lives I have seen ficult to men accustomed "to run their own business literally worn out in the service of stricken human- in their own way" to enter into contractual relations ity in the slums of my own city-worn to the raw. with representatives of employees associated into day by day, with yet never a word betraying the toii organizations of national scope and purpose. Such and the suffering ; with the brave, patient smile a broad recognition, however, binding, as it does , ever there to cheer and help ? I am thinking now in indissoluble bonds of amity, employer and em- of one Christmas festival in a ragged school, and ployee, would like mercy bless him who gives and of the sweet- faced teacher at the piano, with the him who takes, conferring a lasting benefit upon children clustering around singing their glad songs . None of them knew that she had come from the workingmen, employers and the whole people of the United States . deathbed of her only sister, who was breathing her I have written this book in the hope of contrib- life out while she played and sang with breaking uting, though in the slightest degree, to the attain- heart, hiding her pain with a smile lest she sadden ment of this result. I wish to see the interests and the children's joy. Pay ? I would have every ideals of labor and capital fairly reconciled, not by teacher who is worthy the name of teacher-and surrender, but by mutual understanding, and to see there should never be any other-paid enough to the rights and responsibilities of all parties, the put her ever and for good beyond need of care ; and workman, the employer, and the public, clearly, when her years of service were over, I would have completely and unmistakably recognized. To the her rank as pensioner upon the community - ! nay, better comprehension of these rights and respon- not bounty, but undying gratitude-ranking at least sibilities , whether of labor or capital, and to a better with those who guard it against peril from fire and from violence.-Jacob A. Riis in Good Housekeep- understanding between these two great factors in ing. production, I dedicate this book. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. very rare good fortune-she encounters one in CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION whom science and sympathy go hand in hand, who BULLETIN can teach her how to teach as well as make her free Official Organ of the Chicago Tonohers' Federation. to teach. Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, But I will venture to say that though much labor December 23, 1901. and money have been spent for the betterment of THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the the school system on courses of study, on improved year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of heating apparatus, with automatic ventilation, on AprilandDecember. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single adjustable desks and on principals' salaries, nine out copies, Five Cents . ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received of ten primary teachers come to their own through Tuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue . a season of tears and tribulation, involving some ALL KEMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payableto the order of the Federation Bulletin. years of effort which, if not absolute waste to the THE EDITOR , learning teacher, might well be spared the learning 437 Unity Building. CHICAGO. child. The truth is that very few people whose Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. business it is to make the conditions for primary teaching are people who ever got beyond the very earliest stages of a practical acquaintance with it. THE PROBLEM OF PRIMARY TEACHING . It used to be considered a proud distinction to have "risen" in a few years from the "lowest" position in While school- reform discussion is the order of the the school service to one of a supervisory character, day, and every feature of the educational mechanism the " lowest" position being that which involved the is being studied with a view to more perfect co- or- closest and most direct contact with the growing dination and economy of energy, it is well to recur minds of children. Ten or fifteen years ago a to the primitive question-What is it that a primary teacher who clung to primary teaching till she had teacher has to do ? What is the nature of the prob- in some measure mastered it, did so at the peril of lem that confronts her when the asking eyes of chil- being considered unfit for any other work. That dren turn their searchlight on her soul ? What do this is somewhat different to-day is owing partly to they want of her ? What does society expect her the advance in educational theory and partly to the to do for them ? The mothers that bore them put fact that some persons naturally fitted for such work them away from the enfolding atmosphere of home had the courage or were forced by circumstances to love while they are yet so tender and so little, and keep on with it anyway. send them to her five hours of the day that she may The work of a primary teacher is essentially but give them-what ? Their parents give them over pre-eminently the work of all teaching ; first to learn to the school with a sense of security. They trou- and then scientifically to utilize and direct the nat- ble themselves little, for the most part, with the ural activities of children . method and purpose of the teaching their children Individual teaching and individual expression are receive, reserving all praise or blame for the result. not only valuable ; they are a necessity of the case ; The training school is the natural and proper source because it is impossible for children to have any to which she should look for this kind of guidance. power in common until they have developed the And the training school does furnish her with ideas same power individually. They cannot act to- and ideals in abundance. But when she takes hold gether or think together till they have learned to act of actual teaching, the first thing which must force and think alone. If first grade children sing they itself upon her is the clash between the ideal and invariably sing alone better than in concert. In- the limitations of the actual. She has been told dividually their movements are free and graceful ; that all real teaching is individual teaching, and uniform movements they learn very gradually, com- she is given fifty children to try that theory upon. ing through a feeling for rhythm to a sense of law. She has learned that children must come in direct contact with nature and all the beautiful realities ; There are two qualities without which no one can and now she finds out that they must read print be- become a primary teacher of the highest order- love and a scientific attitude of mind. One is the fore Christmas though the sky falls. She knows that she must meet them always ready and serene, highest of moral, the other the highest of intellectual full of enthusiasm, and with that intuitive sympathy qualities, and we are all bound to fail in some meas- which divines the developing stages of their con- ure in both. But they are the conditions of success. sciousness ; and she begins at the same time to feel Love divines the needs of children and learns by a swift intuition what is most essential to their na- the pressure of routine, and the hard philosophy of tures. But it must be a love like that described by " sink or swim" which thrusts SO many teachers longing with all their young helpless souls to do the medieval mystic-"not soft, not light, not in- their best, into the untried work with no hand to tent upon vain things." A real love of children and guide, or oftener with an ignorant guidance which of teaching leads invariably to a study of the laws of perverts the young ideal or produces restive discon- mental development, of the physical basis of life, tent. Sometimes, indeed, her lines are cast in and of all that may contribute toward a more perfect pleasant places. Sometimes she finds the conditions and accurate knowledge of the life-problem as it is of her teaching fixed by some one who has thought presented in these precious souls and bodies. We to the foundations, and understands what environ- have seen love without science degraded into senti- ment is necessary for her development as a teacher. mentality in the treatment of children. We have Sometimes she meets with one who, lacking the in- seen science without love degenerate into a heartless tellectual grasp, yet through sympathy and perhaps materialism which destroys the atmosphere in which a kindred experience, is able to lessen the dif- young living things can grow. ficulties of the situation, if not to point the way to- The teacher, man or woman, fulfills in society the 'ward further progress. Sometimes but this is maternal function, bringing forth in a sense the spiritual and mental self of the child into a world CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 5 which hitherto it has not known; revealing to it in is supposed to be dedicated fundamentally to the accordance with laws of development, a new heaven principle of free discussion. It speaks much for and a new earth ; nourishing it from the abundance the intelligence and fair-mindedness of Chicago that of wisdom and of love. Society owes to the teacher the attack has been confined to that one quarter. the protection which is necessary to the fulfilment Hull House is not a propaganda. It is not dedi- of this high purpose, and not the indifference and cated to any dogma or ism, political, religious or neglect which force deserted mothers to bear a dou- social. It stands for free and open discussion of ble share of the burdens of life. every question of human interest. Of course Hull Though love is the most essential quality in a House stands for much more than this. It stands primary teacher, it is after all the one in which she for educational and philanthropic work among the is least likely to fail. No one stays long in the com- submerged classes of such great scope and import- pany of young children without growing in love. ance that they could not be covered within the limits No one could stay long without it. The greatest of an editorial. need of the primary teacher is living contact with But whatever else it stands for it must stand for the greatest minds at work on the educational prob- lem, and an intelligent attitude toward all educa- free discussion. It aims to give every part of our social structure a tongue. It makes no distinctions . tional research, together with a reasonable freedom . Not one-tenth, perhaps, of what she learns in a It invites vagaries as well as philosophies. The privileges of its open forum are given to all alike. year will she be able to apply that year, and her Its policy is not suppressive, but expressive. When learning must be a patient, not to say an endless , it departs from this idea it will not be a social set- process. But primary teaching means to the teach- tlement. It will not be Hull House. It will not be er constant growth, widening knowledge, deepen- ing insight, all to one definite end, which gives life entitled to public support.-Chicago Record-Herald. and unity to her work. "If a man love the labor of a craft, WHY I BELIEVE IN WOMAN SUFFRAGE. The gods have called him. " Α. Μ . Μ. I believe in woman suffrage because I am an in- dividual, responsible for achieving the best possible FREEDOM OF SPEECH AT HULL HOUSE . results for myself physically, morally and spiritual- ly. To do this I must be free to think my own The most praiseworthy movements for the bet- thoughts, to mold my own opinions, to order my terment of social conditions are not free from the own actions, to direct my own course of conduct in assaults of men. The most high-minded man or accordance with the high standard laid down by woman, zealously consecrated to the noblest, phil- the Great Teacher, unhampered, unhindered, un- anthropic endeavor, cannot hope to get beyond the trammeled by unwise jurisprudence, unwise legisla- shafts or those who cannot comprehend the single- tion, unjust laws, unprincipled policies heaped upon ness of their devotion nor appreciate the scope and me without my consent, and which I am powerless purpose of their work. to remedy without the right of suffrage which is my While all this is true, it almost passes human inherent right. belief that any person in his right mind should find Individuals, known as men and women, make up it in his heart to malevolently assail the founders of the world's millions of human beings, who were Hull House or to criticise the broadly catholic spirit placed upon this earth to work out all of the various which animates them in the conduct of this world- life problems together-from the least to the great- famous social settlement. It will surprise most est-irrespective of sex. Only when they have Chicagoans indeed to learn that the work of this thus worked have we seen real progress, real suc- institution has been made the object of attack. It cess . will surprise them still more to learn the occasion for this attack. It takes many hundreds of years to correct the Singularly enough this attack is aimed at what mistakes made in the feudal ages, when might made would be considered by most fair-minded persons right. Back there, man got his ideas that an all- wise Providence had made him alone His divine as essential to any sort of a social settlement move- agent for carrying forward the work of the world, ment that pretended to be of any educational value to the community in which it is founded. It is di- first by brute force, and later by his opinions ex- pressed through the ballot. Since the ballot is rected against the open forum. It challenges the nothing more nor less than the expression of an in- right of Hull House to recognize the principle of dividual's opinion, it seems extremely ridiculous " free speech." The Hull House Neighborhood Woman's Club that any time or effort should have to be expended recently invited Eugene V. Debs to deliver before in proving that individuals known by class distinc- it his lecture on "Emancipation." Ten years ago tion as females have opinions, and therefore they Debs was the leader of a sympathetic railway strike must give expression to them, just the same as those that failed because it ought to have failed. He has individuals known by class distinction as males. delivered this lecture before several Chautauqua as- Nothing more unreasonable, more unphilosoph- sociations and before the State Normal School at ical, could be harbored in the brains of men than Normal, Ill. Its delivery was not followed by a this old superstition of their natural supremacy. We riot or a panic. It was received as the expression shall yet see the educated heart, hand and brain- of the opinion of one man upon certain phases of the blessed trinity of the new generations of men and industrial question. women-achieving together that for which they Its delivery upon the platform of Hull House were created, when might no longer makes right, Woman's Club, however, was the signal for a tor- but right makes might. ELIZABETH GOUGAR.. rent of abuse from a certain source in Chicago that 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . THE GRATITUDE OF REPUBLICS . ANNOUNCEMENTS . [From Morrison, Illinois, there comes to this of- fice a story of the tragedy of a teacher's unrequited CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION . service. The extracts which follow are from a let- ter written by the dead woman's closest personal The regular meeting of the Chicago Teachers' friend and from the columns of a local newspaper:] Federation will be held at Fullerton Hall Saturday, December 12, at 10:30 a. m. Miss Margaret Haley : JOSEPHINE NICHOLS, Dear Madam-I know you are interested in Cor. Secretary. teachers' pensions, and one of the strongest argu- 341 South Forty-third Avenue. ments in their favor has occurred in our little city The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teach- during the last week. ers' Federation will meet Monday, November 30, One of our city teachers, who had taught thirty- 1903, at 4 p. m., in Room 437, Unity Bldg. four consecutive years in the same grade, lost her JOSEPHINE NICHOLS, position last spring. During all this time she has Cor. Secretary, 341 S. Forty-third Ave. been the main support of her mother, consequently had been able to save but little money. She has brooded over her trouble until almost insane. NOTICES. Last Tuesday afternoon she put an end to her life with a dose of carbolic acid . Prof. Edwin Erle Sparks will lecture to-morrow, I feel confident that if she could have had a little November 21 , before the educational department on the "Limitations of Learning," Fullerton hall, money coming to her every year, this would not 2:30 p. m. have occurred . It is for such throughout We hope to publish in our next issue the address the country that I write this letter to you." delivered by Dr. Winship on Horace Mann before "Miss Strawder commenced her duties as a teach- the educational department November 7. er of the primary department of the Morrison Applications should be made at once for mem- schools in 1868, and served in that capacity continu- bership in the following classes : ously until June, 1903. Fully 1,500 pupils received Art classes, Suturday, 9 to 12 or 1 to 4 o'clock, their first instruction from her. She was peculiarly Art Institute. adapted as a teacher of little children, being kind and affectionate in disposition, and having especial Psychology of Art Teaching, Mr. W. W. Speer, skill in management. When she resigned her po- instructor, Art Institute, Tuesday and Thursdays, sition the public learned of her action with regret." 4 to 5 p. m. A friend of the dead teacher testified at the in- PLATFORM OF MEN'S LEAGUE FOR WOMAN quest : " I have known Miss Strawder for thirty- SUFFRAGE . four years and she taught in the public school in this city for the same length of time. She was re- It seems there is an organization in Great Britain elected as a teacher last spring, but resigned. I known as the "Male Electors' League for Woman think that some one told her that she wasn't wanted Suffrage. " Their platform contains the following as a teacher, and they also told her other unkind reasons for their existence : things. Afterwards she blamed herself for resign- I. Because women equally with men are subject ing. It troubled her much and preyed upon her to laws. mind, making her very despondent at times. There 2. Because, being themselves one-half of hu- were periods when she was much worse than others. manity, women are concerned as deeply as men in When these spells came upon her I think she was the legislation that affects humanity. insane upon this subject. She was cheerful some- 3. Because, therefore, the opinion of women as times, but it was a struggle to appear so." expressed by their vote would be of the highest The jury returned the following verdict : "We, service to the whole commonwealth. the undersigned jurors, sworn to inquire of the 4. Because the denial of this equal legislative death of Miss Ida Strawder, on oath do find that right to women is the refusal of justice to half the she came to her death by carbolic acid poison, ad- human race, and a detriment to the whole. ministered by herself while laboring under a spell 5. Because under a system of partially repre- of despondency." sentative government the interests and the lives of the unrepresented always suffer. 6. Because experience has proved that men LOANS TO TEACHERS alone are as unfit to legislate for women as women alone would be unfit to legislate for men. By a Teacher 7. Because while "taxation without representa- AT LIVE AND LET LIVE LOW RATES tion is tyranny," legislation without representation "Wherewithal" and no tattling. is yet greater tyranny . L. A. care FEDERATION BULLETIN, 437 UNITY BUILDING 8. Because by the legal recognition and estab- lishment of women's citizenship the intellect and character and reciprocal estimation of both sexes would be raised. IF I CAN SUCCEED 9. Because the help of politically enfranchised in making clear to you what is meant by LOANS BY women is indispensable for the upbuilding of the CORRESPONDENCE you will never borrow on any higher humanity that is to be. otherplan. Address E. B., Federation Bulletin,437 UnityBldg. 10. Because "the woman's cause is man's ; they Bypermission Igive this paperas my reference. rise or sink together, dwarf'd or godlike, bond or free." CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 7 NATIONAL EDUCATIONAL ASSOCIATION. SECRETARY'S OFFICE. careful study of such an exhibit, as well as the Winona, Minn., Nov. 17, 1903. other features of the exposition, were the leading To the Educational Press : considerations which determined the action of the The executive committee of the National Educa- committee. tional Association, pursuant to the authority con- The exposition authorities and the various edu- ferred by the board of directors at the Boston con- cational and business organizations of St. Louis vention, has carefully considered the several in- have united in tendering to the officers of the asso- vitations for the annual convention in 1904. The ciation the most liberal assistance and facilities for city of Seattle withdrew the invitation presented at the work of the convention and for the comfortable Boston because it was found impossible to complete and economical entertainment of the members . the proposed auditorium before July, 1904, and also It is proposed to modify the usual plan for the because the local authorities deemed the available meetings by making the various features of the hotel and boarding accommodations of that city in- exhibit the chief topic for all papers and discussions. adequate for the entertainment of such a conven- The presence and co-operation of eminent represen- tion. tatives of foreign educational systems are assured The city of Portland, Oregon, extended a cordial to assist in comparative and thorough studies of the and well-supported invitation, which was favorably exhibits which will be the prominent feature of the considered. convention. After a full canvass of the situation the execu- It is proposed to hold a meeting of the depart- tive committee deemed it advisable for all the in- ment presidents in St. Louis about January Ist to terests of the association to hold the convention in formulate plans for the convention programs . 1904 in St. Louis, and so decided by a unanimous The dates for the convention are not yet deter- vote at a meeting held in Chicago, November 9. mined; three dates are proposed, and the executive The great promise of the universal exposition ; committee invite an expression of opinion by the the generous provisions for the educational exhibit ; members of the association as to the most acceptable the well-grounded assurances that it will be the dates, viz. , June 28 to July 2 ; July 5 to 9, or July largest, best selected and most representative edu- 12 to 16. cational exhibit yet gathered at any exposition ; and For the Executive Committee, the certain benefit to teachers which will follow a IRWIN SHEPARD, Secretary. Schlesinger & Mayer RestaurantGrill and TeaRoom SCHOOL Formen and women. Seating capacity 1,000. Cuisine and service of the highest quality. Occupies the entire 8th floor of BOOKS our new building. Most attractivc place AND ALL OTHER BOOKS ofthe kind in Chicago. "Afternoon Tea " and " Kaffee Klatsch" We make a specialty of low prices and prompt with special musical programme. shipments. :: :: :::::: We supply many of the largest schools in the coun- try with all their books. The Chicago SEND FOR OUR SCHOOL BOOK CATALOGUE, with School of Physical telegraphic code. It con- tains the leading books of all publishers. :: :: :: Education and Expression The Baker & Taylor Co. BERTHA BEATRICE LASH, Principal. WHOLESALE BOOKSELLERS MRS. ROBT. L. PARSONS, Secу. 33-37 East 17th Street, New York EMMA C. HACKETT, M.D. , Med. Examiner 311-313 Wabash Avenue. 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . EXTRACTS FROM A REPORT ON PUBLIC lessening fatigue, and an appreciation of good music SCHOOL FADS . in childhood will bring into homes a means of rest, as it diverts the mind, changing discontent to calm An Investigation Made by the Legislative and peace. Committee of the Chicago Federation of Labor in 1901 . In reply to many questions submitted by your committee, the principal of the school expressed The work of the school calls for a postive indorse- the view that the elementary school does not seek ment of its worth. Mere toleration is not enough. to make artists, nor carpenters, nor dressmakers, Justice requires recognition, and it is the belief of nor athletes, but to develop greater mental and your committee that the interest of your children executive power, to open more channels for activity, and of society will be served by active support of to awaken an interest in work by the use of drawing, those who are laboring to bring educational prac- handwork, color, etc. tice into harmony with the known laws of mental By making the schoolroom a place of life and hap- development. Your committee was impressed by piness fewer boys will drift into the streets . the high standards of principals and teachers, and The purpose of the public school is only indirectly by the practical work done, and the interest taken economic. To make men and women capable of see- by the children in their work, which promises well ing the right and desirous of doing it, is the end for its lasting influence upon their characters . Hab- toward which all means should tend. We do not its of examining before judgment, of persistence name the letters to an infant learning spoken lan- in effort, of mutual helpfulness, of courage and self- guage; we boldly permit it to hear the expression restraint and their pleasure in activity, were always of thoughts. Education is the problem of life to in view. The idea seemed to be to equip pupils for encourage and develop the good and retard that life by giving them control of their powers, to create which is bad. an enjoyment in work which will lead to continued To equip with knowledge for those things that endeavor, when they leave the schoolhouse to give will be best suited for the chosen occupation in life play to the social spirit which leads to the practice and methods that tend to this end should be taught of virtue, thus making ethics and intelligence bear to all. fruit in conduct. Results demonstrate that the This committee does not think it incredible that means chosen are well adapted for the end to be at- a similar process might result to advantage in learn- tained. ing written and printed language, or reading. Careful attention was given to the effects of vis- Your committee invites reflection upon these ideas ualization in economizing the time and energy of because it believes it to be the desire of this federa- the children in learning to read, write, spell and tion to have our schools keep pace with progress acquire in other subjects. There was remarkable in other lines and to provide an education which quickness in seeing and doing. Only those who shall aid in ennobling life for our children. have observed their work can realize that children Your committee also states that even had the can be trained to such quickness and accuracy in work been less clearly superior its spirit and aim reading, writing and arithmetic without overtaxing. it would still have deserved commendation. It can We must conclude that this is due to methods in scarcely be expected that the best work will be done harmony with the nature of being. Over-fatigue in a transition period with teachers handicapped by and over-stimulation are avoided. The eye and the the prejudices aroused by those whose selfish inter- hands are made to serve the brain, and the careful ests oppose improvement. In school oral spelling, training of the senses provides against wasteful something never called for in life, and rules for repetition when the eye or ear is called into play. writing instead of the habit of expressing thought The writing was rapid and legible. The spelling, had been the custom. To spell and pronounce words capitalization and punctuation were good. In writ- without expressing any thought seems about the ten expression of thought the pupils showed great same as to move the saw, the plane or the hammer power and gave evidence that the work was not and make nothing . mechanical, but mental, the outgrowth of thinking. The liberty permitted principals and teachers to Reading, writing and spelling are taught simul- work out educational principles in our public schools taneously, so that the child writes every word it has resulted in attracting the attention of educators reads, and, of course, in writing spells the word. in all parts of the country. This is the method we saw employed, and when con- We may not have the experience which enables trasted with the old medieval system its superiority school directors and stockholders in great corpora- is beyond successful dispute. tions to estimate values, but we know that the chil- Visualization appears to your committee to be of dren of the school can read, write and the greatest value in education, as it quickens the spell better than we could at their age ; we know perceptions and prepares the mind for correct rea- that they are capable of attention and of reporting soning. accurately what they see and hear; we know that Special attention is given to the arm movements they are being taught to pass judgment until they in writing, spelling of words is learned by quick have made examination ; we know that they are glances and problems in arithmetic are grasped at being trained by methods which lead them to "utilize only a moment's presentation. The great value of accessible means of innocent enjoyment." Direct rhythm and physical culture in keeping children in observation is the best proof of the value of the in- a condition to attain are not disputed by any one, struction. and the recreation obtained through the various ac- Your committee does not recommend making ex- tivities, and educative hand work, are well calculated perimental stations of the public schools, but it to give the pupils power of attention, self-control believes that accepted laws should be put into prac- and a desire to work and seem to do so. All know tice and scientific effort should not be kept out of that music is helpful in maintaining discipline and the schoolroom by those who honestly believe dif CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . ferently, but who have never investigated the sys- common school is fairly educated-a college gradu- tem now in vogue, and who thoughtlessly repeat ate is iiberally educated a master of science is the objections of those who are selfishly interested learned-a diligent reader is well informed. or to further private greed and jealousies. It is time Education is defined as : The process or result of that we began to discuss methods born of reason educating-acquirements by any course of discipline and from the standpoint of natural laws. and instruction ; the systematic development and No reform was ever effected without the cry that cultivation of the mind and other natural powers , it was visionary, expensive, impracticable and de- and the direction of the feelings, the tastes and the lusive. manners by inculcation, example, experience and Innovations from the time of Galileo down to that impression. Education has for its aim the develop- of Marconi have invariably been welcomed by open ment of the powers of man, ( 1 ) by exercising each arms of enthusiastic faddists ; have been reviled and along its peculiar line ; ( 2 ) by properly co-ordinat- condemned by that class who believe that nothing ing and subordinating them; ( 3) by taking advan- new can have any good in it, while the great ma- tage of the law of habit ; and (4) by appealing to human interest and enthusiasm. jority of the human kind are wisely content to give them a fair trial and let them make a place for them- From the philosophic point of view every one is selves if they possess the merit to do so. The public educated, his powers being developed for good or is not induced to embrace a new thing by the ex- evil by all he sees, hears, feels or does. travagant praises of its advocates, nor is it led to Education in this sense begins when one enters condemn it because of the frothings of prejudiced the world, and continues all the time he is in it. In critics. If the new thing has merit it will live ; if a more specific sense it is used of a premeditated it has none it will die ; but whatever there may be effort on the part of the parents, teachers and pro- that is good we keep. fessors to draw out one's intellectual and moral en-, In our best private schools the results of scientific dowments, encouraging what is good in one's self thought are being put into practice. The rich may and to society, and discouraging what is hurtful. place their children where they will and thus secure With this is combined an effort to give more or less immunity from the effects of Gradgrind methods . technical training to fit the scholar or student for Is there any reason then why the public schools, the occupation by which he desires or is likely to with their rich educational fund, should not be per- support himself in life. mitted the refining influences which cause gladness Education belongs to the period of childhood and and right doing to go hand in hand with intellectual youth and good breeding is best learnt in the early and physical development ? part of life. Your committee believes that music, drawing, There may be uniformity in educational princi- physical culture, visualizing, sense training-all that ples, but diversity should be permitted in the meth- brings out the faculties and gives the child power to ods employed, so long as the object to be attained think and to do-are economic and desirable. is the same . Thoughtful men whose sympathies are not stunt- The wealthy delight in teaching their children ed by self-interest have continually warned us of music, art and languages; they send them abroad the danger of lowering education to mere material that they may peep into those art galleries where aims. repose the masterpieces of the world. They are put In view of the facts observed and acquired on in- under the tuition of the musical masters of Europe. vestigating, this committee urges that it is to the They study the languages with high-priced profes- interest of all classes that children shall find enjoy- sors as tutors, and when they return their parents ment in doing right ; that permanent interests and and the public press proclaim their varied accom- individual capacities shall be developed so that pu- plishmeents. There can be no doubt but that the pils will leave the schools ready and willing to co- greatest ambition of the fathers and mothers of our operate with their fellows. If we are sometimes land is to see their offspring master these refining disheartened by the slow progress of the cause we studies and it is unfortunate that that part of public believe to be good, does it not become us to give education which is termed fads upon investigation better heritage to our children ? By doing our duty should be found to be only that class of studies to them, we shall best do our duty to ourselves and necessary for modern requirements. to society at large. Complains has always been made that Americans The way to thin the ranks of the unproductive lack appreciation of art and music and it will always and the dissatisfied is to educate so that enjoyment be so as long as the latent appreciation of them is and satisfaction will be found in work. Education not developed, and your committee regrets that those is a matter of growth. No method can be expected studies such as drawing, music, modeling and do- to vindicate itself in a day, but when methods are mestic science, which are looked upon as desirable in harmony with the laws of natural development accomplishments in any person, should be pro- the result must be success. nounced as fads for no other apparent reason than Taking the work in the School as that they are taught your children in our public representative of the so-called fads, it is the opinion schools. of this committee that methods in harmony with It is regrettable that that class of studies made es- the nature of the child should be earnestly supported sential by the development of modern industry are by organizations interested in extending the means being denounced as fads for, with the extension of of happiness to all classes and in promoting the machinery, drawing and modeling are absolutely welfare of society. necessary to fit one for the battle of life. Artistic In speaking of one as an educated person we im- drawing has a tendency to develop that independ- ply, not only that he has acquired knowledge, but ence of action which brings forth originality, and that his mental powers have been developed and with the improvement in the possibility of produc- disciplined to effective action. A graduate of a (Continued on page 5.) CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION ers of Chicago was not, as has been truly said, a work into which teachers should ever have been BULLETIN forced. But the situation being what it was and is, Official Organ of the Chioago Teachers' Federation. there is no other means at once legitimate and ef- fective for the betterment of material conditions Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, December25, 1901. which are dependent upon public revenue than to THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the turn the light of publicity upon those sources from year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of which public revenue is due. April and December. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single For the stronger union between the teacher and copies, Five Cents . ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received the parent, both under the pressure of economic Tuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issna, ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to necessity, both touched in their nearest interests by the order of the Federation Bulletin. whatever impedes the development of the schools, THE EDITOR , which has been made possible by the affiliation of 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO. teachers, organized as wage earners, as well as pro- Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. fessionally, with the larger body of labor. For the sincerity of purpose which has made this WHAT WE HAVE TO BE THANKFUL FOR. union possible without disastrous results. For the The negative side of our situation is one we are growing economic insight which makes it possible without antagonisms or alienation. For the invinci- not likely to lose sight of; it forces itself upon us ble power of growth in all things essentially related with persistence. And first among blessings one to human interests, by right of which educational should perhaps count the power to look upon the thought and its expression in systems and institu- negative side as it is, without disguise and without tions continues to develop, and must continue, until misgivings, which is the first step toward mastery it reach a point where the highest ideal that men and the conquest of better things . have conceived shall be the only limitation upon its "It matters not how strait the gate, freedom. How charged with punishments the scroll ; I am the master of my fate, AFTERMATH . I am the captain of my soul. " But the basis of all constructive work is the recog- The long year's work was ended, nition of those things which are an abiding source of With aching heart and brain strength . What have we, as teachers, to be thank- She pondered o'er its labors ful for? To measure loss and gain. First, for the eternally beautiful and indestructible nature of our work. The little children given me For the children who crowd the ancient earth, To guide in wisdom's way, renewing its youth and beauty, repairing the out- Has the path we've trod together grown strength of the race. For our relation to Led upward day by day ? them, and through them to mankind. For the hours we spend with them wherein the I so longed to help them, beauty of this reasserts itself with power against Those eager, questioning spirits, all hampering conditions, against all pressure of Have they on husks been fed ? care, against poverty of knowledge and poverty of resource. Will the seeds that I have planted For a place in the toiling ranks of humanity which Blossom into noble deeds, is so high in the demand it makes upon us, so rich Or have I so sadly blundered in recompense; for a task there is no fulfilling but That the harvest will be weeds ? through love. And after this we should be thankful for the sense Lo ! a rush of feet about her , of fellowship which is leading all who work and think with us everywhere to unite their strength Children crowding in the room ; with ours. Happy faces lifted toward her , Hidden under roses' bloom . For organization, powerful for good or evil, but more powerful for good, because the conscience of many is safer than the conscience of one. For free- O! we truly did surprise you ; dom and courage to accept the responsibilities of See the flowers we brought to you , organization. For failure and for success, both les- Just because we knew you loved us, sons in the perfecting of strength. For the inspira- And you know that we love you. tion of great leadership. For the opportunities of democracy. For the power to follow and the power Sweetly, thus her doubts were answered, to lead. For in hearts where love is king As organized teachers of Chicago, for a brave Surely only pure thoughts blossom . and unblemished record, in face of the situation And their choicest treasures bring brought about four years ago through crippled rev- enue. For a course of action which should give the Rich reward for all her labor, key-note for all later action of teachers everywhere, Guerdon sweet for hours of care, organized to meet the necessities of a similar condi- Just to see the love-light glowing tion. In the faces round her there. The work undertaken at that time by the teach- -Cora Prentice Tennerry. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 5 (Continued from page 3.) place that required no mental exercise, but made tion it is unnecessary to put children to work at an him simply a cog in an industrial wheel. "At last," early age. We urge the abolition of child labor said this man, " I was sick in bed for two or three and the ranging of the school age to sixteen at days with a fever, and when I crawled out I made least. Every child taken from school and placed in up my mind that I would rather go to hell than go the factory compels the father to take as much less back to that mill." This man does not steal, Miss for his labor as the child earns, so that the father Addams says, but for four years now he has been is eventually compelled to accept the same wage as tramping. The mere suggestion of a factory throws the child, and a whole family of child laborers can him into a panic. The physician has made a diagno- earn no more than could its head, all other things sis of general debility. The man, in his opinion, being equal-and this is the saddest of all commen- is not fit for steady work because prematurely spent. taries that can be made upon our industrial system. All this makes it very clear that the young, if too And society, to save itself from degeneration and early submitted to the grind of factory life, must consequent degradation, should forever destroy the swell our pauper list.-The Woman's Journal. instigation of child labor by passing and enforcing such laws as will keep in school every child until he has graduated from the highest grade. EMMA BOOTH-TUCKER. The factory laws should be amended so that none may be permitted to work until they are at least The tragic death of this leader in one of the great sixteen, the certificate of birth, re-enforced by the religious movements of the time, recalls circum- affidavit of the parents, to determine the age. stances in her life from which a profound civic les- No Rockfeller or Carnegie, having extorted from son may be drawn. Her charms of wifehood and motherhood are the labor and the public hundreds of millions more than cherished remembrances of her immediate friends . they are honestly entitled to, has endowed our pub- lic schools with any of their surplus millions. Their Her devotion to the Salvation Army is the pardon- millions when given are bestowed in such manner able pride of her associates in that organization. as will only benefit the children of the rich, as the Everyone should have a direct and personal in- children of the masses seldom reach a college. terest in the fact that Mrs. Booth-Tucker's service The true wealth of the country should not be meas- and her devotion to an exacting public service did ured by the marble palaces and colossal fortunes of not interfere with the fulfillment of her duties as the few, but rather by that intellectual development a wife nor the performance of her obligations as a which will bring to mankind the greatest happiness mother. On the contrary, she was doubtless all the and that country which develops the possibilities of better and stronger as wife and mother for being its people is truly the greatest and wealthiest and also the tireless leader among right-minded men and women . no expense should be spared to have our public schools all that is required to bring about this re- There is a superstition that the good wife will sult. Some of the cantons of Switzerland, although have no inclination to participate in public affairs, naturally poor, assume control and provide for the and that the good mother will have no time for it. education of those unable to pay for it, permitting So wives and mothers among the poor let their the child to remain in charge of the parents. Our brains run fallow while they bend over washtubs, country, the most richly endowed with natural re- and wives and mothers among the rich allow theirs sources in the world, would, by making education to run fallow while they minister to family pride at absolutely free, bring about a higher standard of social functions. With unconscious irony all this citizenship which would amply repay for the out- is called "making the home." lay. Women must not vote. That onerous burden would break in upon the marital and maternal du- CHILD LABOR CAUSES TRAMPS. ties of the washtub and the afternoon tea and so Miss Jane Addams of Hull House, Chicago, writ- destroy the home ! They must not hold public of- ing in Charities, a New York weekly review of gen- fice, no matter how crying the need in our public eral philanthropy, points out that child labor has a service for feminine thought and feminine action. decidedly debilitating effect upon the mental and For with women in politics our children would be physical systems, and so drives men to tramp life. neglected, and our husbands would go unkempt "It is surprising," writes Miss Addams, "to find and unloved, while the home would disappear from our civilization ! how many begin to tramp because they are tired to death, just as a business man goes to the woods Against this barbaric superstition Mrs. Booth- because he is worn out with the stress of business Tucker's busy and useful life was a daily protest. life. This inordinate desire to get away from work No possible public service in civic affairs could seems to be connected with the fact that the men be more exacting in its demands upon a woman's have started to work very early, before they had the time and energy, or more disturbing to wifely and physique to stand up to it, or the mental vigor with motherly duties, than the public religious work which to overcome its difficulties, or the moral stam- which Mrs. Booth-Tucker did perform so long and ina which makes a man stick to his work whether so successfully. Yet she leaves seven children, who have never lacked their mother's love and care. he likes it or not." We cannot demand any of these things from a growing boy. They are all traits of May we not point to her career as another notable the adult. Miss Addams goes on to illustrate by demonstration of the intimate relationship of wife- means of a man in the municipal lodging house of ly and motherly functions with the functions of citi- Chicago, who had begun to work in a textile mill zenship, of the perfect compatibility of home-making quite below the present legal age in New England, with community-building ?-Editorial in Chicago and who had worked hard for sixteen years in a Public. 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. THE ACADEMY MEETING . ANNOUNCEMENTS . The mass meeting last evening at the Academy of Music in favor of increased pay for the teachers CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION. of Philadelphia was a great and signal success. The Academy was packed with an intelligent, earnest and The regular meeting of the Chicago Teachers' enthusiastic audience, and thousands who crowded Federation will be held at Fullerton Hall Saturday, around the doors were unable to gain admission. December 12, at 10:30 a. m. Professor Edmonds, who has led the movement JOSEPHINE NICHOLS, Cor. Secretary. with conspicuous ability, presided with the apt word 341 South Forty-third Avenu and the right spirit. The speeches were direct, judi- cious and forceful. The facts which make an irre- The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teach- sistible argument for the new school schedule were ers' Federation will meet Monday, November 30, clearly presented, and enforced with the plea that 1903. at 4 p. m., in Room 437, Unity Bldg. JOSEPHINE NICHOLS, Philadelphia owes to herself even more than the Cor. Secretary, teachers that the standard of pay shall be such as 341 S. Forty- third Ave. will insure efficiency. It is not a mere appeal for fairness, but a business proposition in the general NOTICES. public interest. The resolutions embody the sense of the meeting Mr. T. H. MacQueary will speak at Chicago in crisp and telling form. The demonstration was Commons , corner Grand avenue and Morgan street. the culmination of a vigorous and effective cam- Tuesday, December 1 , at 8:15 p.m. Subject, " The paign, and cannot fail to make a powerful impres- Causes and Prevention of Truancy." sion on the city government. There is substantial unanimity of public sentiment for this righteous AN OBJECT LESSON . movement, and its success ought not to be doubt- The sad case of a young German who has just ful.-Philadelphia Press, Nov. 14, 1903. been pardoned in New York State calls attention anew to the need of more modern and humane methods of dealing with prisoners . "The public schools are looked upon as a kind of Six years ago, a boy of twenty deserted from a cure-all for every disease of the body politic," said German warship lying in New York harbor. Ig- Professor Sparks before the Teachers' Federation norant of the city and of the language, he fell at Fullerton Hall. "Intemperance, ill health, im- into bad company, who made him drunk, and while migrants , neglect of civic duties, whatever the in that condition got him to help them break into evil, the schools are expected to mend it. Edu- a house on Staten Island. He had borne an excel- cation is a specific; it is not a universal remedy . lent character up to that time, and was horrified In fact, many qualities which go to make up charac- when he awoke sober and learned what he had done. ter cannot be cultivated by any or all the studies in The judge gave him sixteen years in State prison , the curriculum. Among these are the willingness justifying the unusually heavy sentence on the to serve, usefulness in life, honesty in other particu- ground that the house broken into belonged to "one lars as well as in money matters, good citizenship, of the most respectable families on Staten Island." and true patriotism. They can be inculcated only The State prison at Sing Sing is so unsanitary by the influence of the teacher. Divide that influ- that it has been condemned as unfit for human habi- ence by the number of pupils in the room, dilute it tation by the State Board of Health, the State with the prevalent moral suasion discipline, and you Prison Commissioner and the New York Prison As- have the result. sociation. The cells are so infected with tubercu- "So frequently we mistake outside evidences for losis that prisoners who enter in perfect health soon results. Wishing to teach patriotism, we forget contract the disease, and a sentence to short im- that the flag is only a symbol, and require by law prisonment is often practically a sentence of death. that it shall float over every schoolhouse. Time This young German, whose conduct during the was when every true teacher had a flag which was six years that he has been in prison has always been displayed on days whose events taught true patriot- perfect, has just been pardoned out ; but in what ism as they were described to the expectant pupils. condition ? A medical expert who has examined Under the law, the flag must fly every day where him reports that "the whole of the left lung is in- it attracts as much attention and is as beneficial as volved with the tuberculosis process, and the apex the nearest electric light pole. A boy may sit under of the right lung also shows evidence of trouble." the flag until he reaches manhood, and then go out Efforts are now being made to secure his pardon and sell his vote, neglect to declare his property for from the German government for the military of- just taxation, or neglect his duty on election day. fense of desertion, so that he may go home to his mother to die. These acts constitute the essence of patriotism of which the flag is the symbol.” This is only one instance ; there are other States where conditions are fully as bad. Such facts are an object lesson showing the need of having the more human half of society, the maternal element, IF I CAN SUCCEED more fully represented in public affairs . in making clear to you what is meant by LOANS BY If the mothers of New York and other States CORRESPONDENCE you will never borrow onany had a vote, would they keep up prisons so unwhole- otherplan. Address E. B., Federation Bulletin, 437 Unity Bldg. some as to inflict capital punishment upon men and By permission Igive this paperas reference. boys who have been sentenced only to a short term of confinement ?-Alice Stone Blackwell. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 7 The Fair You really ought to see these two important Suit offers HE fall suit business has started with a rush. It's hard to tell whether it's been caused T bycoattheandbeautiful styles or our extremely reasonable prices; both are so attractive. A long a short skirt are two of the principal fashions destined to be very popular. Every day sees new beauties slipping in; each with some new style touch and all portraying very clearly the splendid workmanship employed in their making. Women's Man-Tailored Suits, made of all-wool zibeline, Women's Prince Albert Coat Suits, made of men's cheviots and other materials, with shirt blouse coat and fancy suiting, with tafleta silk lined waists and inverted capeeffect. plait back skirt. Women's Long Blouse Coat Suits, made of gray or Women's Long Skirted Blouse Suits, made of blue brown men's suitings, double-breasted collarless effect. or black all-wool cheviot, body and sleeves satin lined, with cape. habit back dress skirt. Women's Tailor- Made Suits, all of fine quality all- Women's Tailor- Made Skirt Blouse Coat Suits, made wool Venetian cloth, in black or blue, velvet collar and of extremely neat fancy mixtures, collarless effect, lined belt, silk lined towaist. to waist with satin. Women's Long Skirted Blouse Coat Suits, wade of Women's Man-Tailored Suits, Louis XIV. style, made oxford, green or blue zibelines, trimmed with velvet o of men's fancy suitings of excellent quality, waist satin broadcloth straps. lined throughout. Bought to sell You'd pay double to for much more 10.75 have them made ... 15.00 Schlesinger & Mayer RestaurantGrill Tea Room SCHOOL For men and women. Seating capacity 1,000. Cuisine and service of the highest quality. Occupies the entire 8th floor of BOOKS our new building. Most attractive place AND ALL OTHER BOOKS of thekind in Chicago. "Afternoon Tea " and " Kaffee Klatsch" We make a specialty of with special musical programme, low prices and prompt shipments. :::::::::: We supply many of the largest schools in the coun- try with all their books. The Chicago SEND FOR OUR SCHOOL BOOK CATALOGUE, with School of Physical telegraphic code. It con- tains the leading books of all publishers. :: :: :: Education and Expression The Baker & Taylor Co. BERTHA BEATRICE LASH, Principal. WHOLESALE BOOKSELLERS MRS. ROBT. L. PARSONS, Secу. 33-37 East 17th Street, New York EMMA C. HACKETT, M. D., Med. Examiner 311-313 Wabash Avenue. 1 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. Mammoth Cave A visit to Mammoth Cave constitutes a unique experience in one's search of pleasure and the marvelous. From the moment of arrival at the quaint old hostelry, which dates so far back toward the beginning of the century that it is really a part of the history of the cavern, to the last backward look which is always given when the top of the rough stairway of rock at the entrance is reached on the return from the depths there is continuous surprise, new experience and pleasant memories. The cavern, with its 200 miles of underground passages over hill and valley, through gorge and canon, across rivers and deep crevices, with its Titanic halls and star- bedecked domes, unrivaled anywhere in size and magnificance, has been pronounced by noted travelers as the greatest natural wonder in the world, and you should remember this when planning your summer outing. Mammoth Cave is in Edmonson county, Kentucky, one hundred miles south of Louisville, near the main line of the Louisville & Nashville Railroad and which company has on sale daily round trip tickets at reduced rates for parties desiring to visit the cave. An interesting illustrated booklet, entitled "Two Hundred Miles Underground," will be sent upon receipt of six cents in stamps by addressing C. L. STONE, Gen'l Pass. Agent, Louisville, Ky. NOW IS THE TIME To Secure the New 1903 Edition of Ridpath's History of the United States 50% less than ever sold before-sets sent on approval-an easy way to get this matchless set of books-a necessity in every American home The name of Dr. Ridpath, our greatest historian, is known from Main to California, and this sweeping reduction places for the first time within the reach of every intelligent American the graphic story of the heroic deeds of our forefathers as only he can tell it. UNIVERSALLY COMMENDED- FASCINATING AS A ROMANCE . This is the only history endorsed by such scholars and thinkers as the late President McKinley ; ex-President White of Cornell; Prof. Churchill of Oberlin; Dr. Buckley of the Christian Advocate; Hezekiah Butterworth, former editor Youth's Companion; W. R. Houghton, A. M., Professor of History, Indiana University; Prof. Bennett, Boston University; Prof. Edwards of McKendee; W. D. Wilson. D. D. LL. D. , Registrar of Cornell, and thousands of other famous men and women who have born witness to its absorbing interest and value. THE NEW 1903 IMPERIAL EDITION Revised and enlarged into Five Superb Royal Octavo Volumes-Lavishly Illustrated-contains our country's history from earliest times to date, and hasbeen enriched byhundreds of new Maps, Race Charts, Chronological-Charts and text illustrations, together with over 100 full-page photogravures and half-tone Etchings of Famous Historical Paintings by Trumbull, Chapman and other great artists, making it the most valuable collection of historical illustrations ever embodied in any work. D. A. McKINLAY & CO., New York Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin 100 Vol. 3 . CHICAGO , DECEMBER 4, 1903 . No. 3 . THE TEACHERS' SALARY SUIT. CHRISTMAS AND NEW YEAR HOLIDAY RATES, SEASON 1903-1904, FOR Wednesday morning, Dec. 2, the attorneys for the STUDENTS AND TEACHERS. Board of Education and the attorneys for the teach- ers met in Judge Tuley's chambers for a " confer- Chicago, Nov. 13, 1903 . ence'so -called. The Board of Education was rep- To enable students and teachers of educational in- resented by its attorney, James Maher, its assistant attorney, Angus F. Shannon, and the President stitutions, whose homes are at other points, to visit of the Board, Graham H. Harris. The teachers same for the Christmas and New Year holidays, we were represented by Attorneys I. T. Greenacre and are pleased to advise that the following named lines Clarence S. Darrow. Miss Haley and Miss Goggin will sell excursion tickets from Chicago at one and were also present . one-third of the regular normal one-way fare for The object of the conference was to urge upon the judge that he do not hear the case but send it to the round trip, with minimum selling rate of $ 1.00 some other judge, thus securing the same end that to all points within the territory of the Western Pas- would be secured by obtaining a "change of venue. " senger Association : A., T. & S. F. Ry. , C. & Ν. The attorneys for the Board urged that because W. Ry. , C. G. W. Ry., C. , R. I. & P. Ry., Wabash some members of the Board of Education were un- willing that the case be heard by Judge Tuley, there- R. R. , C. & A. Ry. , C. , B. & Q. Ry. , C., M. & St. fore it would be much better for all if the judge P. Ry., Illinois Central R. R., Wisconsin Central Ry. would decide to send it to some other court. The Tickets will be sold on any day from December attorneys for the teachers opposed this proposition 18 to 24, both inclusive, limited for going passage strenuously, and after thirty minutes' discussion , commencing date of sale, with continuous passage in pro and con, Judge Tuley said that under these cir- each direction, and with final return limit to the date cumstances he did not desire to hear the case and asked the attorneys for the teachers to consent to a the institution reopens, but not later than January change. The judge was evidently deeply moved 11 , 1904, only upon presentation of joint standard by the implied sentiment, however diplomatically certificate of the Western Passenger Association, expressed, that all the members of the Board of Education had not the same confidence in his sense certified to by the proper official of the institution of judicial fairness that the mass of the people have with which applicant is connected, and before being evidenced, as was shown by the overwhelmingly honored at the ticket offices of lines referred to here- large vote which he received at the last election, in the same must be approved and executed by the where his name led the list of candidates from all parties. undersigned for which a fee of 25 cents will be charged. The judge before whom the case will be heard In order that there may be no misunderstanding had not been named when this paper went to press, the attention of students and teachers should be Thursday morning. CATHARINE GOGGIN, called to the execution fee of 25 cents to be collect- Financial Secretary. ed at the time of approval of certificate. As a measure of protection certificates to be fur- [Since writing the above the case has been set before Judge Dunne, and under the rules of the nished will be executed by the undersigned only on court should be heard next Tuesday, Dec. 8, which the day on which it is desired to commence the jour- was the date set for the hearing before Judge ney, unless exceptionally good reasons are advanced Tuley. The Editor. ] for our taking action to the contrary. We desire to advise you that we will be pleased MEMBERSHIP DUES PAYABLE ON OR BEFORE to supply you upon application with as many of these DECEMBER 15 .. certificates as you may require, and in making ap- The announcement that the time for the payment plication for supply it is respectfully requested that you kindly file with us fac simile of the signature of of dues expires December first was a mistake. It the official of your institution who will sign certifi- should have read December fifteenth. After Decem- cates. Respectfully, ber fifteenth, dues will be one dollar twenty-five CHAS. T. MANDEL, cents. Secretary. 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . EXTRACTS FROM "PROGRESS AND possible, even when there is question of things the EDUCATION . " most vital and indispensable to human welfare, to An address delivered before the National Educa- take opposite views and to defend with plausible tional Association at Detroit, July, 1901 , by the Rt. arguments whatever opinion. One may or may not Rev. John Lancaster Spalding. set store by money or pleasure or position or friend- Progress is increase of power and quality of life. ship or culture. He may hold that civilization It is this even when it seems to be but greater con- awakens more wants than it can satisfy, creates more trol of the forces of nature ; for they are thus made ills than it can cure ; that art, like the tint and per- serviceable to life. Education is the unfolding and fume of the flower, is but a symptom of decay ; that unbuilding of life, and it is therefore essentially all monuments are funeral monuments. One may progress. All progress is educational, and all right deny free will ; or accepting it, may think that education is progress. license is the inevitable result of liberty, and that the best fortune for individuals and societies is to be With Christ a new and immense hope was born governed by able tyrants. Our estimates depend so in the heart of man-a hope of everlasting life and largely on what we ourselves are that agreement is endless progress ; a conception of a gradually de- hardly to be looked for. The light which visits young veloping divine purpose in history ; of a return eyes is not that which falls on those who have been through labyrinthine and devious ways of the whole sobered by the contemplation of man's mortality. creation to God, from whom it springs. This hope Serious minds have maintained that life, together and this conception are not found in the religions of with the means whereby it is propagated, preserved, paganism, nor can science inspire or justify them. and increased, is the sum of all evil; that the love of In the individual and in the race, as in nature, life is the supreme delusion in a universe where growth and decay are simultaneous. When the one whoever feels and thinks necessarily suffers irre- predominates there is progress ; when the other, re- mediable pain. Hence they believe not in progress gress and final extinction. And as it would be ab- but in regress ; holding that as all life has sprung surd to imagine that a human being, in this present from the unconscious, the sooner it sinks back into existence at least, might continue to grow forever, it the more speedily shall all things be reduced into it would not be less extravagant to believe that a eternal order. people or the race itself might continue indefinitely This is not merely a speculative view of a few to make progress. Nations, like individuals, are exceptional individuals. It has been, and still is, the born, grow, and perish ; and mankind, to whatever religion of millions in eastern Asia, whose dream is heights they may rise, must rise but to fall. The monuments of the most glorious achievements are everlasting repose in nothingness ; who neither de- destined to become fragments of a globe on which sire nor make progress. The ultimate standard of no living thing can longer be found. As endless value is helpfulness to life; for except for the living time preceded the appearance of man on earth, so nothing can have, nor be known to have worth. endless time shall follow his disappearance from the But our belief in the goodness of life is the result visible universe. All that is possessed must be lost, of a primal feeling, not of philosophic or scientific since possession is a thing of time, and what time demonstration. It is essentially a faith which argu- gives it takes again. ments can neither create nor destroy-a faith which draws its nourishment from the conviction that life If it were possible to embrace in one view the is the first cause and last end of all that exists, the entire history of our little planet, we should neither most real of things and therefore the most excellent ; be disturbed by the failures nor made greatly glad and this conviction has been begotten in the mind by the success of men, so inevitable and transitory and heart of man by the Christian religion, with a it would all appear to be. This is the standpoint, power which has created a new world, and given to this the conclusion of science, when it is accepted as civilization an enduring vitality and an all-embrac- the sole and sufficient test of reality. But we can- ing scope of which the most divinely inspired minds not take delight or find repose in such wisdom. ofOur antiquity could have but visionary conceptions. Our thoughts wander through eternity ; our hopes Christian faith in God means belief in in- reach forth to infinity; we are akin to atoms and crease of life, in progress, which is His appeal and stars, to the worm and to the Eternal Spirit. The insistence bidding us win His kingdom and Himself. whole past has helped to make us what we are, and It is the ever widening and deepening prevalence of we in turn shall help to make the whole future. In His will, which is good-will to men, that they may the midst of a perishable universe, the soul dwells grow in power of mind, heart and conscience ; that with the indestructible; in the midst of a world of they may be made stronger and purer and more shadows , it seeks repose with the all-real and abiding healthful in body and in soul. Thus progress wheth- One. In all faith in progress, in all efforts to ad- er it be considered as inner development and purifi- vance, we follow the light of an ideal, which, if we cation or as enlarging mastery over the external look closely, is found to be that of perfect truth, world, becomes the most legitimate, the most fruit- beauty, and goodness, wedded to absolute power. ful, the most invigorating aspiration of our nature ; Whatever the means taken to approach it, this is the becomes part of all our hoping, thinking and striv- end which noble minds forever hold in view-the ing. It lies at the heart of the divine discontent ultimate goal of all our yearning and striving, which which makes it impossible for us to rest self-satis- the laws of reason and the necessities of thought fied in any achievement ; which turns us from what- compel us to identify with the Supreme Being from ever is won or accomplished to the better things whom and to whom all things move. Our way leads and nobler men that are yet to be. It is a resistless not from nothingness to nothingness, from death to urgency to growth, springing from an innermost death, but from life to more and higher life ; from need of freedom and light. It dispels ignorance, spirit to the Infinite Spirit, who is perfect truth, abolishes abuses, overthrows tyrannies, and bears us beauty, and love, wedded to absolute power. It is upward and onward along widening ways. It sweet CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 3 ens toil and gives the courage to bear bravely the ANNOUNCEMENTS . worst that may befall. Faith in the goodness of life, issuing in ceaseless efforts to develop it to higher and higher potencies, CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION. has determined our world-view and brought us to The regular meeting of the Chicago Teachers' understand that the universe is a system of forces Federation will be held at Fullerton Hall Saturday , whose end is the education of souls; that the drama December 12, at 10:30 a. m . enacted throughout the whole earth and all the ages JOSEPHINE NICHOLS, has for its central idea and guiding motive the pro- Cor. Secretary. gressive spiritual culture of mankind, which is the 341 South Forty-third Avenu will of God as revealed in the conduct and teaching The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teach- ofChrist. ers' Federation will meet Monday, December 14, 1903, at 4 p. m., in Room 437, Unity Bldg. A PROPOSED CLASS IN MUSIC . JOSEPHINE NICHOLS, Cor . Secretary, Several applications have been received at this of- 341 S. Forty-third Ave. fice for a class in music under the direction of Miss Marcella Reilly. The following outline of work NOTICES . has been prepared by Miss Reilly : Teachers wish- ing to join such a class may communicate with the Applications should be made at once for mem- Educational Department : bership in the following classes : OUTLINE OF WORK FOR MUSIC CLASS . Art classes, Suturday, 9 to 12 or 1 to 4 o'clock, Art Institute. By MISS MARCELLA REILLY . Psychology of Art Teaching, Mr. W. W. Speer, 1. Study of some fine art song, such as O Star instructor, Art Institute, Tuesday and Thursdays , 4 to 5 p. m. of Eve-Wagner ; Mignon's Song-Beethoven Set- ting; The Smith-Brahms, etc., about fifteen min- utes each lesson . LECTURE BY MR. LOUIS F. POST . 2. Invention of melodies, and through this origi- Mr. Louis F. Post, editor of the Public, will speak nal work gaining skill in the understanding and use to-morrow ( Saturday) , December 5, on " The Dem- of the major and minor scales. ocratic Ideal in Society," at Fullerton Hall, 4:15 3. Through individual study and drill in the p. m. minor scales-three forms-Pure, Harmonie and The ballot taken on the hour for lectures showed a Melodie. majority in favor of the hour adopted last year, 4:15 4. Thorough study of intervals, as follows : Ma- p. m. All Saturday lectures will be given at that jor, minor and mental, diminished and perfect ; also hour unless special notice is given. intervals in their enharmonic capacity. 5. Thorough study of major and minor triads, and the dominant seventh chord. Inversions and CHICAGO TEACHERS' RELIEF SOCIETY. figuring of above triads and seventh chord. The Secretary will be at the Board Rooms , on 6. Four part harmonic writing, gaining as much Saturday, Dec. 5, and Saturday, Dec. 12, 10:00 a. skill as possible in the use of the time, dominant, m. to 12:30 p. m., and on Monday and Tuesday, sub-dominant and dominant seventh chords. Dec. 14 and 15, at 4:30 p. m. No dues received af- 7. I would strongly recommend tone perception ter Dec. 15 , 1903 . for ten or fifteen minutes each lesson. L. J. QUANTRELL, SEC. 791 N. Hamlin Ave. 8. If class so desires a symphony could be studied for some minutes each lesson ; for instance, Beetho- ven's C Minor Symphony, thus gaining familiarity Dr. A. E. Winship, editor of the New England with this great art-form through its highest expres- Journal of Education, has been appointed a member sion and acquiring the ability to listen to it when per- of the Massachusetts Board of Education. A strong formed by the orchestra with greater intelligence appointment and a well deserved one. Wisconsin and appreciation. Journal of Education. Wearep'eased to announce that IF I CAN SUCCEED MRS, CECILIA H. BAILEY, in making clear to you what is meant by LOANS BY (Former Special Teacher' CORRESPONDENCE you will never borrow on any Has resumed her Classes in Public School Music, also otherplan. Address E. B., Federation Bulletin, 437 Unity Bldg. private vocal instruction. For further information and By permission Igive this paperas my reference . terms, address 4047 Indiana Avenue. LOANS TO TEACHERS Materials for Hand Work By a Teacher Rattan, Raffia, Vegetable Dyed, Bristol Board, Jute Board, Papers, AT LIVE AND LET LIVE LOW RATES Yarns, Knives, Scissors, Needles. "Wherewithal" and no tattling. THE HOME & SCHOOL ART CO . , 338 Wabash Avenue, L. A. care FEDERATION BULLETIN, 437 UNITY BUILDING Formerly Fine Arts Bldg. Send for price list and samples. 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETΙΝ. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION JOHN W. COOK, of Normal : Equal suffrage is a foregone conclusion. The BULLETIN women of the country must learn to look upon it as Official Organ of the Chioago Teachers' Federation. a duty rather than as a privilege. Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Master, December 23, 1901. JUDGE M. F. TULEY : THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the I cannot understand why the accident of sex year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of should make any difference in human rights ; there- April andDecember. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single fore I favor equal suffrage for both men and women. copies, Five Cents . ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received byTuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue . ALL KEMITTANCES by check or draft shouldbe made payable to WOMAN'S MENTAL ENDOWMENTS EQUAL the order of the Federation Bulletin. MAN'S . THE EDITOR , 437 Unity Building, CHIC GO. By LADY HENRY SOMERSET. Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. We live in an age of freedom, freedom of speech, freedom of food, freedom of the press, freedom of EMINENT ILLINOISANS ON EQUAL SUFFRAGE . thought. Only in one direction have we made but WILLIAM J. HYNES : little way, and that is in woman's political freedom . Women are unrepresented so long as they are not Every argument that has been brought against the allowed to vote. granting of the vote to women has been advanced against the extension of the franchise whenever it ABRAHAM LINCOLN : has been proposed to enlarge its area. I go for all sharing in the privileges of the gov- The lower classes in France claimed their civil ernment, who assist in bearing its burdens, by no rights-the right to vote and to direct representation means excluding women. in the government ; but the class of opportunity and riches cried, " You cannot be made fit, " and the DR. H. W. THOMAS : answer was , " Let us try," with the result that France Suffrage is not a question of sex but of intellect is not a country whose life is crushed out like Spain, and moral fitness. Women would use the ballot under the weight of misgovernment. wisely and intelligently for uplifting and elevating Do you remember Macaulay's eloquent appeal the home. when the Jews were to be expelled from politics and were told that they were fit only to make money, JANE ADDAMS : but not fit for the ranks of the army or for the halls To no class of women is this subject of equal suf- of legislation ? frage of such vital importance as to the working It was then Macaulay who said, "What right women. To them it becomes an industrial as well have we to take this question for granted ? Throw as a political question. open the doors of the House of Commons, throw open the ranks of the imperial army, before you deny JUDGE JOHN BARTON PAYNE : eloquence to the countrymen of Israel or valor to the descendants of the Maccabees ." The question of woman suffrage is very largely with the women. If they really desire the right and When woman has had the opportunities that have with substantial unanimity demand it, the demand been man's for centuries, when she has had the dis- can not be refused, and in my opinion should not be cipline of life and the stimulus of fame, then it is refused. time to begin the discussion as to whether her in- tellect is the equal of man's, or whether she is to JUDGE S. P. MCCONNELL : take her part with full equality in his governmental powers. I am entirely in favor of equal suffrage. I am The mightiest intellects of the race, from Plato never able to recognize a single valid reason why women should not be accorded every right that men to the present time, have always given their assent enjoy. I believe woman's complete independence to the fact that woman is not identically but equally would advance civilization materially. endowed with man in intellectual capacity, and it is Wendell Phillips, I think, who has said and well said FLORENCE KELLY : that it is the second-rate men who doubt, perhaps because they fear a fair field. But we rest our claim Both for herself for the effect which her dis- on a fair principle which I believe is invulnerable- franchisement has upon her actual income, and for that taxation and representation must be co-exten- the sake of the government as it comes into benefi- sive, that rights and burdens must correspond with cent contact or into ruinous collision with those who each other, and this is the fundamental principle of are dearer to her than life itself, does the wage- earn- liberty. ing woman need the ballot. The arguments usually advanced are so puerile that it is scarcely worth while to notice them ; but the JUDGE JAMES GOGGIN . great American advocate of freedom has well said : That we possess the habits of the savage can be "Suppose that woman is essentially inferior to man, inferred from the fact that the refined, industrious she still has rights." Granted that Mrs. Norton and cultured lady should be excluded from the right could never be Byron, that Elizabeth Barrett could of suffrage, while the burglar, highwayman, thief not have written " Paradise Lost," are you to deprive and vagabond shall, to the exclusion of women, be the humblest member of the House of Commons of privileged to exercise the most sacred right claimed his place because he cannot be a Gladstone or a by the citizen of a republic. Beaconsfield ?-Chicago Examiner. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLEΤΙΝ . 5 NATIONAL EDUCATIONAL ASSOCIATION. SECRETARY'S OFFICE. careful study of such an exhibit, as well as the other Winona, Minn., Nov. 17, 1903. features of the exposition, were the leading consid- To the Educational Press : erations which determined the action of the com- mittee. The executive committee of the National Educa- tional Association, pursuant to the authority con- The exposition authorities and the various edu- ferred by the board of directors at the Boston con- cational and business organizations of St. Louis vention, has carefully considered the several invi- have united in tendering to the officers of the asso- ciation the most liberal assistance and facilities for tations for the annual convention in 1904. The city the work of the convention and for the comfortable of Seattle withdrew the invitation presented at Bos- and economical entertainment of the members . ton because it was found impossible to complete the proposed auditorium before July, 1904, and also be- It is proposed to modify the usual plan for the cause the local authorities deemed the available hotel meetings by making the various features of the ex- and board accommodations of that city inadequate hibit the chief topic for all papers and discussions. for the entertainment of such a convention. The presence and co-operation of eminent represen- tatives of foreign educational systems are assured The city of Portland, Oregon, extended a cordial to assist in comparative and thorough studies of the and well-supported invitation, which was favorably exhibits which will be the prominent feature of the considered. convention. After a full canvass of the situation the execu- It is proposed to hold a meeting of the depart- tive committee deemed it advisable for all the inter- ment presidents in St. Louis about January Ist to ests of the association to hold the convention in formulate plans for the convention programs . 1904 in St. Louis, and so decided by a unanimous The dates for the convention are not yet deter- vote at a meeting held in Chicago, November 9. mined ; three dates are proposed, and the executive The great promise of the universal exposition ; committee invite an expression of opinion by the the generous provisions for the educational exhibit ; members of the association as to the most acceptable the well-grounded assurances that it will be the dates, viz. , June 28 to July 2 ; July 5 to 9, or July largest, best selected and most representative edu- 12 to 16. cational exhibit yet gathered at any exposition ; and For the Executive Committee, the certain benefit to teachers which will follow a IRWIN SHEPARD, Secretary. BOARD OF EDUCATION . REGULAR COMMITTEE MEETINGOS . 1903-1904 . Meetings of the Committee on Buildings and Grounds are held every Friday afternoon at half past 3 o'clock. GRAHAM H. HARRIS, PRESIDENT. Meetings of the Committee on School Management CHARLES A. PLAMONDON , VICE PRESIDENT. every Monday afternoon at 4 o'clock. LEWIS E. LARSON, SECRETARY. Meetings of the Committee on Finance every Tuesday THOMAS BRENAN, 216 Reaper Blk., Clark and afternoon at 4 o'clock. Washington Streets . .1905 D. R. CAMERON, 73 Lake Street... 1905 CLAYTON MARK, Twenty-sixth Street and Blue STANDING COMMITTEES FOR THE YEAR Island Avenue .. .1905 1903-1904 . GRAHAM H. HARRIS, R. 1018 Ashland Block ..... 1906 MRS. ISABELLE O'KEEFFE, 4857 Michigan Ave- SCHOOL MANAGEMENT. nue 1904 Mr. Mark, Chairman; Mr. Cameron, Mrs. O'Keeffe, JOSEPH DOWNEY, 132 LaSalle Street.... 1904 Messrs. Brenan, O'Ryan, Dudley, Stolz. JOHN F. WOLFF, 93 West Lake Street . .1904 Members Ex Officio : JOSEPH STOLZ, 157 Forty- second Place ... .1905 The Chairman of the Committee on Buildings and GEORGE W. CLAUSSENIUS, 93 Dearborn Street..1905 Grounds . EDWIN F. ROWLAND, 259-251 LaSalle Street .... 1906 The Chairman of the Committee on Finance. EDWARD TILDEN, 5020 Woodlawn Avenue ...... 1906 UDLEY The President. E. C. DUDLEY, 1619 Indiana Avenue ... .1906 HENRY HARTUNG, 1631 Diversey Boulevard . ..1904 BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS . JAMES F. CHVATAL, 1593 West Twenty- second Mr. Tilden. Chairman ; Messrs. Fetzer, Downey, Claus- Street .1904 OLE A. THORP , 218 LaSalle Street . senius, Thompson, Thorp, Plamondon. 1904 Members Ex Officio : GEORGE J. THOMPSON, 198 Madison Street ...... 1905 The Chairman of the Committee on School Manage WLADYSLAW A. KUFLEWSKI, R. 1012, 103 State ment. Street ..1905 The Chairman of the Committee on Finance. CHARLES A. PLAMONDON, 63 South Clinton The President. Street .1904 FINANCE . JOHN C. FETZER, 215 Dearborn Street . 1906 MICHAEL SHIELDS, 51 South Jefferson Street .... 1906 Mr. Rowland, Chairman ; Messrs. Shields , Wolff, Har- P. SHELLY O'RYAN, R. 614, 79 Dearborn Street ... 1906 tung, Kuflewski, Chvatal. Members Ex Officio : The Chairman of the Committee on School Manage- REGULAR MEETINGS OF THE BOARD ARE ment. HELD ON ALTERNATE WEDNESDAY The Chairman of the Committee on Buildings and Grounds. EVENINGS . The President. 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. The Wanamaker Store New York 200,000 Yards of Silks Attractive in Quality and Price HESE are the 'staple silks, in plain colors and white and black, that T are in demand the whole year round, and particularly now, for the coming fall season. We find it advantageous, both for ourselves and you, to order them in large quantities, months in advance, from the manufacturers. These are thus enabled to keep their skilled forces together during otherwise slack periods, and, by running our orders at these times, to give them even more than ordinary care, and to do so at the least margin of profit. This favorable combination of circumstances makes low prices possible on the following important lines of silks, which comprise over two hundred thousand yards. The orders for them were placed before the advance in price, caused by a large shortage in the French and Italian silk crops, took effect. They are therefore ten to fifteen per cent. lower in price than if we had to buy them now. Besides, they are better made, and we can guarantee them unhesitat- ingly for good wear and service. Black Taffetas Plain Colored Taffetas 100,000 yards 50.000 yards 19 inch, 65c . 19 inch, 65c. 19 inch, 75c. 20% and 22 inch, 75c. 19 and 21 inch, 85c . 22 and 26 inch, 85c. Guaranteed for 6 months' service. Guarantee woven in the selvage. Colored and Black White Taffetas Crepe de Chine 50,000 yards 10,000 yards 23 inch, 85c. 19 inch, 65c. 24 inch, $1. 19 inch, 75c. 24 inch, $1.25. 19, 20 and 21 inch, 85c. 24 inch, $1.50. Both imported and domestic. Over 25 shades in each quality. John Wanamaker, New York CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLEΤΙΝ . 7 The Fair You really ought to see these two important Suit offers HE fall suit business has started with a rush . It's hard to tell whether it's been caused T coat by the beautiful styles or our extremely reasonable prices; both are so attractive. A long and a short skirt are two of the principal fashions destined to be very popular. Every day sees new beauties slipping in; each with some new style touch and all portraying very clearly the splendid workmanship employed in their making. Women's Man- Tailored Suits, made of all-wool zibeline, Women's Prince Albert Coat Suits, made of men's cheviots and other materials, with shirt blouse coat and fancy suiting, with tafleta silk lined waists and inverted capeeffect. plait back skirt. Women's Long Blouse Coat Suits, made of gray or Women's Long Skirted Blouse Suits, made of blue brown men's suitings, double-breasted collarless effect, or black all-wool cheviot, body and sleeves satin lined, with cape. habit back dress skirt. Women's Tailor- Made Suits, all of fine quality all- Women's Tailor- Made Skirt Blouse Coat Suits, made wool Venetian cloth, in black or blue, velvet collar and of extremely neat fancy mixtures, collarless effect, lined belt, silk lined to waist. to waist with satin. Women's Long Skirted Blouse Coat Suits, made of Women's Man-Tailored Suits, Louis XIV. style, made oxford, green or blue zibelines, trimmed with velvet o of men's fancy suitings of excellent quality, waist satin broadcloth straps. lined throughout. Bought to sell You'd pay double to for much more 10.75 have them made ... 15.00 Schlesinger & Mayer RestaurantGrillandTeaRoom SCHOOL Formenand women. Seating capacity 1,000. Cuisine and service of the highest quality. Occupies the entire 8th floor of our new building. Most attractive place BOOKS AND ALL OTHER BOOKS of the kind in Chicago. "Afternoon Tea " and " Kaffee Klatsch" We make a specialty of with special musical programme, low prices and prompt shipments. :: :: :::::: We supply many of the largest schools in the coun- try with all their books. The Chicago SEND FOR OUR SCHOOL BOOK CATALOGUE, with School of Physical telegraphic code. It con- tains the leading books of all publishers. :: :: :: Education and Expression The Baker & Taylor Co. BERTHA BEATRICE LASH, Principat. WHOLESALE BOOKSELLERS MRS. ROBT. L. PARSONS, Secу. 33-37 East 17th Street, New York EMMAC. ПАСКЕТTT. M.D., Med. Examiner 311-3.3 Wabash Avenue. 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETΙΝ. Mammoth Cave A visit to Mammoth Cave constitutes a unique experience in one's search of pleasure and the marvelous. From the moment of arrival at the quaint old hostelry, which dates so far back toward the beginning of the century that it is really a part of the history of the cavern, to the last backward look which is always given when the top of the rough stairway of rock at the entrance is reached on the return from the depths there is continuous surprise, new experience and pleasant memories. The cavern, with its 200 miles of underground passages over hill and valley, through gorge and canon, across rivers and deep crevices, with its Titanic halls and star- bedecked domes, unrivaled anywhere in size and magnificance, has been pronounced by noted travelers as the greatest natural wonder in the world, and you should remember this when planning your summer outing. Mammoth Cave is in Edmonson county, Kentucky, one hundred miles south of Louisville, near the main line of the Louisville & Nashville Railroad and which company has on sale daily round trip tickets at reduced rates for parties desiring to visit the cave. An interesting illustrated booklet, entitled "Two Hundred Miles Underground," will be sent upon receipt of six cents in stamps by addressing C. L. STONE, Gen'l Pass. Agent, Louisville, Ky. NOW IS THE TIME To Secure the New 1903 Edition of Ridpath's History of the United States 50% less than ever sold before-sets sent on approval-an easy way to get this matchless set of books-a necessity in every American home The name of Dr. Ridpath, our greatest historian, is known from Main to California, and this sweeping reduction places for the first time within the reach of every intelligent American the graphic story of the heroic deeds of our forefathers as only he can tell it. UNIVERSALLY COMMENDED - FASCINATING AS A ROMANCE. This is the onlyhistory endorsed by such scholars and thinkers as the late President McKinley; ex-President White of Cornell; Prof. Churchill of Oberlin ; Dr. Buckley of the Christian Advocate; Hezekiah Butterworth, former editor Youth's Companion; W. R. Houghton, A. M. , Professor of History, Indiana University; Prof. Bennett, Boston University; Prof. Edwards ofMcKendee ; W. D. Wilson. D. D. LL. D., Registrar ofCornell, and thousands of other famous men and women who have born witness to its absorbing interest and value. THE NEW 1903 IMPERIAL EDITION Revised and enlarged into Five Superb Royal Octavo Volumes-Lavishly Illustrated-contains our country's history from earliest times to date, and hasbeen enriched by hundreds of new Maps Race Charts, Chronological-Charts and text illustrations, together with over 100 full-page photogravures and half-tone Etchings of Famous Historical Paintings by Trumbull, Chapman andother great artists, making it the most valuable collection of historical illustrations ever embodied in any work. D. A. McKINLAY & CO ., New York Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin Vol. 3. CHICAGO , DECEMBER 11 , 1903. No. 4. TEACHERS ' SALARY SUIT. workingmen . " The business men in the present The teachers' suit is to be heard on the 16th of generation," says Professor Twining Hadley, presi- dent of Yale University, "have in large part risen December by Judge Dunne. This extension of time from the ranks of labor to their existing position of was necessary to give the Court time to adjust his calendar, hence the change from the 8th, the time leadership; but whether the same thing can be pre- set for hearing before Judge Tuley. dicted for the next generation is very doubtful. Certain it is that the prospect of becoming capital- ists does not act as so powerful a motive on the ORGANIZED LABOR VERSUS UNORGANIZED laborers of to-day as it did on those of a generation LABOR. ago. The opportunities to save are as great or From " Organized Labor" by John Mitchell . greater; but the amount which has to be saved be- The age is an age of organization. Not only in fore a man can hope to become his own employer industry, but in every field and phase of human life has increased enormously. When a man who had have men combined into groups and worked as a accumulated a thousand dollars could set up in busi- unit. Thus, we have political organizations, organ- ness for himself the prospect of independence ap- izations of men engaged in various trades or indus- pealed to him most powerfully; when he can do tries, organizations of lawyers, doctors, ministers ; nothing but lend it to some richer man, the incen- organizations of men into clubs, into friendly or tives and ambitions connected with saving are far benefit societies ; organizations for the pursuit of weaker-too weak, in many cases, to lead the man arts, of science, of education ; organizations of men to save at all, except through the medium of a into universities, organizations of men into cities, friendly society or trades union." We thus have a states and nations, and finally organizations extend- separation of the community into more and more ing over national boundaries and reaching all sorts rigidly defined groups, different in industrial condi- and conditions of men, the organizations called tion, distinct in ideals and oftentimes antagonistic in churches. Everywhere, look where we may, we see ambitions and sympathies . men of all classes and all characters organizing for Not only is the workingman's chance of becom- all purposes and effecting by concerted action what ing an employer rapidly disappearing, but with every cannot be accomplished by individual action. The advance in industry, with each new development of age is an age of organization, moreover, of the rep- enterprise upon a large scale, his importance is resentation of the many by the few, of conventions, diminishing and his power to bargain individually of the interchange of thought among men united in growing less. The industrial development of the purpose, of unity of action and concert of manage- past century and a half made the employer grow ment. What is true of all other classes is true to and the workman shrink. When the man who re- not greater and no less extent of the workingmen. ceived wages and the man who paid wages worked What these organizations are to various classes of side by side on the same wooden bench the present men in society, trade unions are to the workingmen inequality between the individual workman and the in the pursuit of their industrial happiness. employer did not exist. The employer who formerly Were the workingmen of the United States not a owned thousands of dollars, however, is now the separate class, with separate class interests, there possessor of hundreds of thousands or millions, and would be less necessity for their separate organiza- the employer of the future will no longer be a man , tion. If the modern wage earner evolved into the but a vast corporation with a capital of hundreds of capitalist, as the boy into the man or the caterpillar millions, if not, as in the case of an existing corpora- into the butterfly, he might not be obliged to asso- tion, with a capital of over a billion of dollars. ciate with his fellow-craftsmen in order to improve Owing to the present growing inequality between his conditions. There is, however, a growing sep- capitalists and individual workingmen, the advan- aration in interest and feeling between employers and tage, the necessity even, of trade unionism becomes 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETΙΝ. apparent. The United States Steel Corporation can masses of the population to a level of wages, and better do without the serivces of an individual pud- forced them to an intensity and duration of work dler or roller than the puddler or roller can do with- inconsistent with health, morality or the propagation out the wages of the United States Steel Corpora- of the species. The competition for jobs in unorgan- tion. A tracklayer or brakeman upon the Pennsyl- ized and unregulated trades brings forth a struggle vania Railroad is more anxious to keep his job than which is pathetic and from a moral point of view the Pennsylvania Railroad is desirous of retaining unutterably brutal and anarchic. An eye witness, his services . The very freedom of contract which writing prior to the famous dock strike of 1889, says : the workman now possesses is, if he is unorganized, "There is a place at the London docks called the at least to a certain extent, a disadvantage. It was cage, a sort of pen fenced off by iron railings. I formerly supposed that as soon as all restrictions have seen three hundred half-starved dockers upon the inalienable right of a man to work were crowded round this cage, when perhaps a ganger removed the workman would become prosperous, would appear wanting three hands, and the awful since free competition and the play of supply and de- struggle of these three hundred famished wretches mand would work out to his advantage. What has fighting for that opportunity to get two or three actually occurred, however, is that the individual hours' work has left an impression upon me that workman, unprotected by a union, is more and more can never be effaced. Why, I have actually seen at the mercy of the large employer and more and them clambering over each other's backs to get the more defenseless with every advance made by mod- coveted ticket. I have frequently seen men emerge ern society. bleeding and breathless, with their clothes pretty well torn off their backs ." There is no doubt that upon the whole the Amer- ican workingman received better wages, both in The scene above described is true not of London money and what money will buy, than the working- alone, nor of dock hands alone. During the bad man of any of the nations of Europe. But, like times of 1893 and 1894 groups of half-starved work- all men who are dependent upon their earnings, the ingmen were seen in the large cities surrounding American wage earner standing alone is in a pre- newspaper offices at daybreak waiting for the first carious condition. There are at work hundreds of edition of the paper with its want "ads," and then thousands, if not millions, of Americans, whose en- racing to the place where the job was offered to be tire belongings do not amount in value to more than the first to take the position at any price. Wherever two or three weeks' wages, and there are many who unorganized, unskilled workmen strive for jobs they draw their present week's pay with the intention of do so under the burden of this blind, merciless, re- liquidating their last week's debt. In all employ- morseless competition from men who are unemployed ments, and especially in large cities, work is pre- or men who are but partially employed. This com- carious and uncertain; and in hard times particu- petition is no less terrible because unseen. When in larly, the fear of enforced idleness acts as a terrible bad times an employer advertises for a clerk and weight upon the mind of the workingman. The ma- receives, as is often the case, a hundred or more jority of workingmen do not hold their own and do applications, the misery that produces so unregulat- not have a fixed income sufficient to support them in ed and excessive a demand for the position offered is case of loss of work. There is no prospect of aid no less fearful because its effects are not immediately from the government or from charitable societies , visible. in case they become ill or prematurely aged. To a very great extent trade unionism regulates Under such conditions the unorganized workman this unrestricted competition and directs it into of the United States, as elsewhere, is frequently socially advantageous channels. In union there is obliged to accept extremely low wages, to work strength . Through trade unionism the wages of exceedingly long hours and to labor under unsani- workmen cease to be regulated by the wages of the tary and dangerous conditions. Of course, the un- man with the least resources and the greatest needs, organized workman may, in periods of exceptional and become the remuneration that the average man prosperity, draw advantages from an abnormal de- in the trade might demand. Trade unionism takes mand for labor ; but in ordinary times, and especially labor from the list of perishable articles that must in periods of depression, he must accept the wages be sold on the spot and immediately, or not at all, that are offered. The free competition for labor fre- and gives to the workingman a reserve power and to quently works great hardship. A man with a fam- his labor a reserve price. Through the trade union ily at home and without a dollar in his pocket will be the workingman bargaining for a position gets his willing to work for almost any wage, and the men second wind. By emphasizing the solidarity of labor in the same trade who have greater resources will the union renders the competition of workmen with be obliged to accept the same rate of remuneration. each other less keen. The instinctive feeling among The strength of the chain is the strength of its workingmen against underbidding one another crys- weakest link, and the power of resistance of unor- tallized trade unionism into the commandment. ganized workmen is the power of the poorest and "Thou shalt not unfairly take thy neighbor's job." least resourceful of them. The competition of wom- The union changes the individual bargain between en and children, willing to work for spending money, the man who needs a job immediately and the em- drives down still further the wages which unorgan- ployer who may hire him to-day, or a month from ized men and women, solely dependent upon their now, or not at all, into a collective bargain between own work, will be forced to accept. The pin money all the workingmen and all the employers in the of the farmer's wife fixes the amount of the needle trade. The union, further, gives to the workingman money of the city seamstress. The unrestricted the service of men especially trained to the work of competition for the opportunity to work in the ready- making bargains with employers, men who, as offi- made clothing and other sweated trades before the cers of the union, devote their lives to the sole task existence of the union was such as reduced whole of getting the best possible conditions. The union CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 3 in so doing acts upon the principle that the advan- class of workmen has been displaced by another tage of the workingman will not come to him of willing to take lower wages, and this latter by an- itself, as the rain comes to the parched fields, but other, and so on, until the most meager wages com- will flow only from the persistent and combined ef- patible with mere existence have been paid. The forts of workingmen. As General Francis A. enmployment of women and children in the manu- Walker said, " If the wage laborer does not pursue facture of paper boxes, of matches, confectionery, his interest, he loses his interest. " artificial flowers, brushes and numberless small arti- It is only when we comprehend the influence which cles also illustrates this tendency. Where labor is labor conditions exercise upon the physical, mental unorganized and competition exists, the effect is not and moral life of the workman and his family that only felt in decreased wages, but also in longer we realize the vital necessity of trade unionism. The hours, in unsanitary conditions, in the excessive wage contract is not merely a contract to deliver employment of women and little children and in certain labor for a certain sum of money, but is an every possible abuse of the workingman. arrangement regulating a thousand and one details In many ways other than the amount of wages of life and vitality affecting every phase of the ex- and the hours of labor does the employer exert a istence of the workman. The question of organ- strong influence upon the welfare of the working- ized labor versus unorganized labor is the question man. Wherever there has been unorganized or dis- of the right of workmen to determine some of the organized labor there have been cases of unfair ad- conditions under which they shall work and live, vantage taken of employes by means of delayed pay- instead of leaving the whole matter to the greed or ments, compulsory credit and truck stores. Ifthe necessities of an employer or to the whim, cruelty employer refuses to pay frequently, but pays his or sordidness of a tyrannical foreman . workmen at long and irregular intervals, it is prac- Labor, it is said, is a commodity to be bought and tically certain that a large number of them will be seld, and it is as idle to attempt to regulate the price obliged to receive goods on credit, and, as a conse- of this or of any other commodity, as to seek to stop quence, will fall prey to the extravagance which the flow of the tides. Labor, however, is a com- the presence of credit and the absence of cash in- modity of a peculiar sort. It is a part of the very variably breed. Indebtedness to the employer means being of the man who sells it. The commodity sold dependence upon him. It also means opportunity is a human creature, whose welfare in the eye of the to reduce real wages by increasing prices at the law should be of more importance than any mere company store. The unwarranted and unjust profit accumulation of wealth on the part of the commun- obtained from the truck stores has firmly imbedded ity. It is a commodity, further, which it is diffi- the system in the arrangements of many employers. These stores have also enabled the employers to cult to sell to advantage. The workingman cannot charge exorbitant prices and to cheat the working- know the best market for his ware, his labor, nor can he sell it at any place except where he himself is. men in the matter of both quality and quantity of the goods offered. In many cases the truck store He cannot send a sample of it, nor can he, without arose, in the first instance, from the actual needs and organized effort, regulate the supply. As long as necessities of the workingmen; but where a benefit he lives and is without resources he must work, and becomes a curse, it should be abolished, whatever its for many years in succession he may be forced to sell original advantage. It is one of the principal his product at a price considerably less than the cost achievements of trade unionism that it has, to so to society of reproducing it. When the demand for large an extent, inaugurated the system of weekly cotton or wheat decreases this very fact lessens the or semi-monthly payments in cash, and that in large supply, since it becomes less profitable to raise it ; measure it has done away with the system of paying but when the demand for labor declines, this very in scrip or in commodities and has in many cases fact creates an added supply, since women and chil- abolished the truck store. dren and other persons ordinarily unemployed are now forced on the market, and men will be willing The vital importance of trade unionism cannot be to work longer hours, because there is less work to evident unless the full and true meaning of the labor contract is understood. The labor contract with the do. The commodity labor is one which can be sup- plied by women and children, and if there is no limit individual, unorganized workman is a loose verbai set either by organization or by the force of law to arrangement, stating nothing definitely with regard its use or exploitation, it can very well result in the to the protection of the workman against disease, wholesale destruction of the commodity itself and death or accident. The employer practically dictates in the permanent deterioration of the workmen of to the unorganized workman where he shall live, the community. where he is to work, the conditions under which the Without organization and without the interfer- work shall be done, the amount of heat or dampness ence of the law, therefore, the individual workman or ventilation , and whether or not there shall be is practically at the mercy of the employer. It does guards upon the machinery to protect his life. It is not follow that the employer will always abuse this not specifically stipulated in the contract with a privilege or that he will seek to secure labor at less brakeman or other trainman that each year one out than a reasonable and humane remuneration. At of every one hundred and thirty-seven shall be the same time the force of competition will in many killed, and one cut of every eleven shall be maimed cases compel the unprotected and unorganized work- or injured ; but the railroad company assumes the man, rather than starve, to accept a wage insufficient right to set the conditions which shall make this pro- to maintain a decent standard of living or to keep portion of deaths and injuries inevitable. The em- him in a state of industrial efficiency. The experi- ployer also retains the right to choose unreservedly ence of the sweated trades illustrates this tendency. the companions and fellow-servants of the unorgan- In the manufacture of ready-made clothing in New ized workman; and thus the man who may put the York city, Philadelphia, Boston and Chicago one (Continued on page 6. ) 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION ed section, I believe it is the North Side, the public BULLETIN schools are thrown open in the evening, and the Official Organ of the Chioago Tonchers' Foderation. children who have practically no facilities at home for study are permitted to gather and prepare their Entered as the Pest Office, Chicago, Dlinota, as Second-Class Matter, December23, 1901. lessons for the next day. The general use of the THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the school buildings in America is commendable. Any- year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of thing we can do for the benefit of the Masses that April andDecember. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single will add to their pleasure and be for their profit copies, Five Centa. ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received we should do. Such is a fit attribute of the school by Tuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue . ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to system. the order of the Federation Bulletin. THE EDITOR , "Unless a boy is going into a profession modern 437 Unity Building CHICAGO. education should be more practical. It should deal Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. with subjects in intimate touch or relationship with the highly specialized demands of modern com- AS THE ENGLISH SEE OUR SCHOOLS. mercial and industrial life." The commission that Mr. Moseley heads has just Alfred Mosely, C. M. G., who has been investigat- finished investigations in New York, Boston, Phil- ing the educational methods of America for the adelphia, Washington, Pittsburg and Chicago.- English educational commission, is most enthusiastic Chicago Inter Ocean. over many of the American features. The commis- sion has sought to discover how America is dealing NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS DECLARE FOR with educational problems and how much of the WOMAN SUFFRAGE . superior business aptitude, alertness and resource of the average youthful American is due to his edu- The woman suffragists are jubilant over their en- cation. dorsement by the American Federation of Labor. "I have found that you Americans teach more The resolution of this body is significant, for it not than the three R's," says Mr. Mosely. " There is a only declares "that all adult women should be al- fourth R, which every American school teaches, and lowed the privilege of the ballot," but also "that all the teaching of which is largely responsible for the state branches should petition state legislatures for a wonderful success of your country. That fourth R change in the constitution." Close upon the heels is reason. You teach your children to reason . of this comes the favorable action of the National Every American has a reason for what he does. Grange. This body met in Rochester and a visit of Everything is reasoned out beforehand, and it is Susan B. Anthony to the meeting was followed by the adoption of the following resolution : largely to that you owe your supremacy. "Resolved, That the National Grange recognizes "American educational methods tend, with other factors, to produce self-reliance, the power of initia- the equal rights of women by receiving them into tive. In England we are raised in a different school full membership, with the privilege of filling ev- of thought. We are slow to grasp new ideas which ery office and voting for every officer and measure. interfere with the routine to which we have been "Resolved, That the National Grange believes this accustomed. equality of rights should extend also to matters of state, and that it fully endorses the suffrage for "In the United States, however, the salaries of women and pledges its influence to secure for them teachers are uniformly too small-much too small. this-' right protective of all other rights' a voice The teacher cannot do his best work if he is paid in the government under which they live. " too low a salary. The salary should be sufficiently high to induce the best persons in the city to take WOMAN SUFFRAGE IN COLORADO . up teaching, and when the teacher's usefulness to the system is at an end she is entitled to a pension," From an Address Delivered by Ex - Governor Alva continues Mr. Mosely. Adams of Colorado . "The schools of to-day should teach the lad to The women of Colorado regard the ballot as a use his hands. For the boy who is to be educated more serious obligation than the average man. The for a profession the English system is to be pre- first year after suffrage was granted more books ferred. We teach our boys to be scholarly. For the on political economy were bought and read by wom- practical boy the American system is much to be en than men have purchased and studied in all the preferred. From my somewhat limited investiga- years of state history. Already women are better tions, I believe that the western schools are further versed in parliamentary law and in the abstract prob- advanced than those of the east. lems of citizenship and government than are their "One branch of the American system particularly husbands and fathers. Woman studies her civic interested me while I was in Boston. In the crowd- duties-man believes that he is born to rule and CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 5 boss, that, like Elijah II., he is a divinely appointed ANNOUNCEMENTS . statesman-he makes assurance a substitute for wis- dom. Woman does not agree with man that states- manship is the one business that requires neither CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION. training nor experience. The regular meeting of the Chicago Teachers' The men have placed their religion, their homes, Federation will be held at Fullerton Hall Saturday, and the education of their children in control of their wives ; this responsibility gives woman a heart in- December 12, at 10:30 a. m. JOSEPHINE NICHOLS , terest in political affairs. Upon all moral ques- Cor. Secretary. tions the affection and virtue, the wife and mother 341 South Forty-third Avenu love, are safer guides to good laws and pure gov- ernment than the ambition, partisanship and selfish- The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teach- ness of man. ers' Federation will meet Monday, December 14. If evil has come from equal suffrage I cannot see 1903, at 4 p. m., in Room 437, Unity Bldg. it, but I can see in it the germ of great possibilities JOSEPHINE NICHOLS, Cor. Secretary, for good. A few intellectual dyspeptics are pessi- 341 S. Forty-third Ave. mistic-29,461 men voted against suffrage ten years ago; a few of those may not have yet reformed. NOTICES. The only active opposition is from a few pro- fessional politicians who find that the qualified can- The Chicago Teachers' Club will give a luncheon didates for office have been doubled without any in- crease in offices, and those lawless elements who feel Saturday, Dec. 12, I p. m., at the Business Woman's club rooms, 230 Clark street. An address will be instinctively that in woman they have an unrelenting given by Mr. Wm. L. Tomlins. Admission to non- foe. The cause should be loved for the enemies it members , 15 cents ; luncheon, 35 cents. Teachers has made. No fair man can say that suffrage has are invited. been a failure. Every just man realizes that the MARY E. REYNOLDS, EMILY A. HAYWARD, priestess of the fireside altar needs the ballot to pro- President. Corresponding Secretary, tect the the sacred interests intrusted to her. Every 2409 Ν. 43rd Ave. privilege granted woman fortifies the menhood of the state. A perfect civilization depends upon the The ballot taken on the hour for lectures showed a equal and joint reign of man and woman. majority in favor of the hour adopted last year, 4:15 Our experiment has brought good to man and p. m. All Saturday lectures will be given at that no harm to home or to woman ; there are only six hour unless special notice is given. women in the penitentiary and 600 men. The sweetness of woman has not been lost, her character has not been tainted, her nature has not CHICAGO TEACHERS ' RELIEF SOCIETY . changed. The man who patented the baby incu- The Secretary will be at the Board Rooms, on bator has gone into bankruptcy. Saturday, Dec. 5, and Saturday, Dec. 12, 10:00 a . Colorado manhood has given to women those m. to 12:30 p. m., and on Monday and Tuesday, symbols of liberty, the ballot and the latch-key, and Dec. 14 and 15, at 4:30 p. m. No dues received af- after ten years they have no regrets and would not ter Dec. 15, 1903 . take them back if they could. L. J. QUANTRELL, SEC. 791 N. Hamlin Ave. THE COURT WAS LENIENT . Arthur Stevenson, Formosa, Kans., cut this anec- SURPRISE PREFERRED . dote of Senator Dubois of Idaho from the Satur- Little Ethel did not want to go to Sunday school, day Evening Post : and her mother said : "Why, Ethel, don't you want During the days when he was practicing law in to hear about heaven and the beautiful golden Boise City, he was on a certain occasion sternly rep- streets ?" rimanded by the judge of a court in that city be- "No, I dess not," replied the small philosopher. cause of alleged contempt of court, and, in addition, "I fink I'd rather razzer wait till I get there an' be was fined in the sum of $50. s'prised." The next day, according to a custom followed in the Idaho courts, the judge called upon Mr. Dubois ANOTHER INVASION . to occupy the bench for him during the transaction of some comparatively unimportant business. After "I have come down to teach you about the new the judge's departure from the courtroom, Mr. Du- 'light, " said the English missionary in the South bois exhibited an instance of that remarkable pres- Sea islands. ence of mind for which he has ever been noted. The "Too late," replied the savage chief. "We have future senator said to the clerk of the court : just placed an order with Yankee salesman for ali "Turning to the record of this court for yester- the arc lights we need. " day, Mr. Clerk, you will observe recorded a fine of $50 against one Frederick T. Dubois. You will kindly make a note to the effect that such fine has IF I CAN SUCCEED been remitted by order of the court." inmaking clear to you what is meant by LOANS BY CORRESPONDENCE you will never borrow onany CLOSING OF SCHOOLS . other plan. Address E. B., Federation Bulletin, 437 Unity Bldg. Schools are to close Dec. 23 and open again Bypermission Igive thispaperas my reference. Jan. 4. 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . ORGANIZED LABOR VS. UNORGANIZED LABOR . ment of old-age benefits, which is also more common among English than American trade unions, re- (Continued from page 3.) lieves the workingman of a portion of the anxiety new employe's life into jeopardy is entirely of the with which he looks forward to approaching dis- employer's choosing. The employer also influences ability through age. by his regulations and hours of labor the right of Trade unionism thus gives to workingmen in- the employe to absent himself in case of sickness, creased power to modify to their advantage the terms the age and the task at which children shall be em- of the labor contract. This is frequently styled by ployed, and thus the health not only of the present, unreasonable employers as "interfering with my but of future generations. In the same way, if un- business," but the workman might with justice re- restrained by organized labor or by the authority of tort, "the employer is interfering with my life and the state, the employer can seriously affect the moral happiness ." The employer is now willing to con- health of his workpeople, and that without violating cede, though he was not always willing to do so, the labor contract. The ordinary contract with the that the workman has the right to determine what individual, unorganized workman states nothing with wages he will accept and how many hours he will regard to the manner in which men and women shall work. What it has taken the employer much longer work together in the factories, during the day or at to learn and what he has not even yet mastered is the night, the sanitary conditions, the presence or ab- fact that the organized workman has just as much sence of separate toilet rooms, or any other pro- right to make suggestions and stipulations with re- visions for the maintenance of the moral conditions gard to other conditions of employment. It takes of the workman. One of the advantages of trade two to make a contract, and it takes two to make a unionism has been that it has aided conscientious quarrel, and both parties to an agreement should employers and compelled negligent employers to have equal rights in determining how, when, with maintain in their establishments a certain minimum whom, at what time and under what conditions work of decency in these matters. shall be carried on. Through the instrumentality The labor contract as it exists to-day for the great of the trade union this right has been gradually, majority of unorganized workingmen is merely a though as yet imperfectly, secured for the wage earner . verbal agreement between the individual employe and the foreman, and each side reserves the right to quit at practically a moment's notice. There may be FOOLS AND RICHES. some advantages in this system, but one of the many Most rich people are not men of means, but of disadvantages is the insecurity which it brings into ends. the life of the person so employed. The unorgan- A tract is a pamphlet, not to read, but to give to ized workman is subject to the private spite and your friends. malice of his employer or foreman, although this is Real wealth consists in having plenty of the right possibly less true than was formerly the case. The kind of supplies. position and wages of the unorganized workingman Poverty is a curse, and the poorest man is the are entirely subject to fluctuations in the industry, paltry soul with a lot of money. and he is liable to be thrown out of employment with Civilization means the multiplication of wants ; the first appearance of a shrinkage. The whole Christianity, the improvement of their quality. tendency of employment under the capitalistic re- Frank Crane, pastor of Union church, Worcester , gime has been, at least until recently, to make the Mass. , in a recent talk on " The Poor Fool and the position of the workingman more and more inse- Fool Rich," said : cure. The crises and commercial depressions which From a good deal of religious teaching we gather have swept over this country during almost every that if you are good you'll be rich, and if you get decade have resulted in intense suffering on the part rich ' twill be a great pity. of the workingman, a suffering accentuated by the The whole trouble lies in our definition of riches . competition of great masses of immigrants who come Riches consists not in money, but in two things, here during more prosperous times. Even apart character and friendships. from such crises, the workingman is subject to the Dives was a fool because he thought, when he had loss of his job through sickness, accident or other become rich, that he was through, whereas to be contingencies beyond his control; and in the vast rich is to be just begun. majority of cases he can secure no compensation There are two kinds of fools about money-the from the employer for injury inflicted by an accident father who burns up his life in getting it, and the no matter how free the workman himself is from son who burns up his life in getting rid of it. carelessness or contributory negligence. The em- Why should little Willie be taught in Sabbath ploye is also subject to the loss of his position school to be good, so that he may get on, and the through advancing age, and in the case of the ma- Hon. William in his old age be exhorted to tremble jority of unorganized workmen no provision is made because he has got on ? for him in this event. To a considerable extent the unions steady and A LEISURELY SLEEPER . modify these influences and thus ameliorate the con- "Bridget," said the lady, "you sleep too much. " dition of the workmen at such times. By the pay- "Faith, ma'am," retorted Bridget, "ye're mis- ment of out-of-work benefits, which is common in thaken. 'Tis not that Oi slape too much, but Oi England and becoming more prevalent in the United slape very slow, ma'am." States, they lessen the hardship of a temporary un- employment, and by death and funeral benefits they protect the widow and orphans upon the demise of Most women take too much medicine and some the wage earner from absolute destitution. The pay- men don't take enough . CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 7 FEDERAL The First TRUST & SAVINGS National $2,000,000 CAPITAL BANK SURPLUS $500,000 A Banking, Savings and Trust Company Bank business transacted. We invite interviews or correspondence from individuals, firms or corporations contemplating making changes or opening is now new accounts . OFFICERS . DIRECTORS. located in its Thomas P. Phillips, E. H. Gary, Chairman, President. Charles Deering, new office , Nathan G. Moore, Vice President and W. J. Chalmers. Alfred H. Mulliken. Counsel. C. B. Shedd. Charles S. Castle, A. E. Musbaum. Cashier. T. P. Phillips. F. J. Scheidenhelm, Norman B. Ream. 119 Asst. Cashier. Edwin L. Wagner, Asst. Cashier . Nathan G. Moore. E. J. Buffington . D. W. Burrows. Irving J. Shuart, W. E. Phillips. Secretary. J. N. Vance. Monroe St. N. E. Cor. La Salle and Adams Streets . Schlesinger & Mayer RestaurantGrill and TeaRoom SCHOOL For men and women. Seating capacity 1,000. Cuisine and service of the highest quality. Occupies the entire 8th floor of BOOKS our new building. Most attractive place AND ALL OTHER BOOKS ofthekind in Chicago. "Afternoon Tea " and " Kaffee Klatsch" We make a specialty of low prices and prompt with special musical programme, shipments. :::::::::: We supply many of the largest schools in the coun- try with all their books. Wearepleasedto announce that SEND FOR OUR SCHOOL MRS, CECILIA H. BAILEY, BOOK CATALOGUE, with ( FormerSpecialTeacher) telegraphic code. It con- Has resumed her Classes in Public School Music, also tains the leading books of private vocal instruction. For further information and all publishers. :: :::: terms, address 4047 Indiana Avenue, The Baker & Taylor Co. Materials for Hand Work WHOLESALE BOOKSELLERS Rattan, Raffia, Vegetable Dyed, 33-37 East 17th Street, New York Bristol Board, Jute Board, Papers, Yarns, Knives, Scissors, Needles. THE HOME & SCHOOL ART CO . , 338 Wabash Avenue, Formerly Fine Arts Bldg. Send for price list and samples. 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. Mammoth Cave A visit to Mammoth Cave constitutes a unique experience in one's search of pleasure and the marvelous. From the moment of arrival at the quaint old hostelry, which dates so far back toward the beginning of the century that it is really a part of the history of the cavern, to the last backward look which is always given when the top of the rough stairway of rock at the entrance is reached on the return from the depths there is continuous surprise, new experience and pleasant memories. The cavern, with its 200 miles of underground passages over hill and valley, through gorge and canon, across rivers and deep crevices, with its Titanic halls and star- bedecked domes, unrivaled anywhere in size and magnificance, has been pronounced by noted travelers as the greatest natural wonder in the world, and you should remember this when planning your summer outing. Mammoth Cave is in Edmonson county, Kentucky, one hundred miles south of Louisville, near the main line of the Louisville & Nashville Railroad and which company has on sale daily round trip tickets at reduced rates for parties desiring to visit the cave. An interesting illustrated booklet, entitled "Two Hundred Miles Underground," will be sent upon receipt of six cents in stamps by addressing C. L. STONE, Gen'l Pass. Agent, Louisville, Ky. NOW IS THE TIME To Secure the New 1903 Edition of Ridpath's History of the United States less than ever sold before-sets sent on approval-an easy way to 50% get this matchless set of books-a necessity in every American home The name of Dr. Ridpath, our greatest historian, is known from Main to California, and this sweeping reduction places for the first time within the reach of every intelligent American the graphic story of the heroic deeds of our forefathers as only he can tell it. UNIVERSALLY COMMENDED- FASCINATING AS A ROMANCE. This is the only history endorsed by such scholars and thinkers as the late President McKinley; ex-President White of Cornell; Prof. Churchill of Oberlin; Dr. Buckley of the Christian Advocate; Hezekiah Butterworth, former editor Youth's Companion; W. R. Houghton, A. M. , Professor of History, Indiana University; Prof. Bennett, Boston University; Prof. Edwards of McKendee; W. D. Wilson. D. D. LL. D. , Registrar of Cornell, and thousands of other famous men and women who have born witness to its absorbing interest and value. THE NEW 1903 IMPERIAL EDITION Revised and enlarged into Five Superb Royal Octavo Volumes-Lavishly Illustrated-contains our country's history from earliest times to date, and hasbeenenriched byhundreds of new Map Race Charts, Chronological-Charts and text illustrations, together with over 100 full-page photogravures and half-tone Etchings of Famous Historical Paintings by Trumbull, Chapman andother great artists, making it the most valuable collection of historical illustrations ever embodied in any work. D. A. McKINLAY & CO., New York Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin UNION TRADES LABEL COUNCIL) 100 Vol. 3. CHICAGO , DECEMBER 18, 1903 . No. 5 . RE- EXAMINATION OF TEACHERS. The examination which is supposed to All that he urged concerning those evils keep teachers up to their highest possible in the mental life of the child is true in level, or to inform the superintendent of the mental life of the teacher . that which is to him imperceptible, strikes at the fundamental position of modern Recently, in a gathering of teachers, psychology and educational principles. two college presidents stated emphatically * that teachers should be treated as are Scholarship can never result from cram- other workers in other lines; that, after ming for an examination. Neither pro- passing the examination for a certificate fessional nor cultural studies lend them- to teach, they should be judged on the merits of their work alone. selves to the method of cram. For many years Colonel Parker went from East to ELLA FLAGG YOUNG. West, from North to South, pointing out In the Elementary School Teacher for the evils of cramming for examinations. December, 1903. Recently in a discussion on the teaching of En- written examination from time to time in order to glish to foreign-born adults from southern Europe, determine their mental status. Laughter would one speaker referred to their unreadiness to express greet the person who should suggest giving a writ- themselves about tangible things, and their readiness ten examination to President Eliot of Harvard, to to pour forth their ideas on intangible subjects, such find out whether, with the numberless demands made as life, death, immortality. In reply to the question upon him and his time, he was keeping up to his whether things that interest us are not to us the highest possible mental level. People would ex- tangible ones, the speaker seemed to favor "the claim: "Look at his work ! Only a scholarly mind things I have done to-day" as being more tangible can do such work !" than those reaching beyond the environs of this The kindergartens, the private schools, the col- mortal life. This tangible topic brought to mind the leges, the normal and the technical school, the medi- attempts of another speaker to induce a girl who cal and the law school, the universities-all recog- worked in a sweat-shop to expatiate on the things nize the relation of scholarship to successful teach- she had done during the day, but the poor girl, with ing. None of these educational organizations is so- her dull routine, less the intangible, could only re- dull to the influenme of the mental content as to iterate her one all-comprehending refrain, "I sewed examine the successful teachers within its gates in pants." order to determine whether they should receive an The first speaker's ideas of the tangible and the advance in salary. A few years back there appeared intangible seemed to rest on a sharp distinction be- an article, based on interviews with college presi- tween conduct in life and the thoughts about life dents, about college faculties. These interviews that lie back of and determine that conduct. There brought to light the fact that every college president are many who hold similar views regarding the sees in the faculty of which he is the head members tangible and the intangible in the work of teachers. who are unsatisfactory. In moving about among They count the methods and results among things the students in the colleges, schools and universities manifest, things falling within the realm of the one soon learns that the students know who are the judgment of a supervisor or a superintendent. The instructors with something new to offer, and who teacher's scholarship, on the contrary, is classed with have struck twelve. Evidently, in the higher insti- things intangible, alien to those conditions that are tutions, the practice of examining teachers from time to time in order to determine the status of their involved in the making of a judgment by a super- intendent or principal. It is because of this remark- scholarship is unknown, not because all instructors able attitude toward the obvious in the work of the are keeping abreast of the advance in their subject, teacher and the pervasive which determines the ob- but because scholarship, the mental content, is vious, that we hear of superintendents who subject known to be a tangible element in the work of a successful teacher. those whom they regard as successful teachers to a 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETΙΝ . In the continued endeavor of public schools " to and transmitter of orders, a medium, a vehicle, a better well," there have been introduced at differ- thing of no account. I want the board of educa- ent points, under one guise and another, means for tion to supply us with circulars that we may issue determining that which in the work of teachers is to all the parents, instructing them to revise their intangible to some superintendents-i. e., the idea of the responsibilities of a principal and to rec- scholarship behind that work. It rudely separates ognize that he has no power, and that it is a waste one's knowledge from that which one can teach in- of their time and his to call upon him for any action telligently. The two are inseparable. This state- of any kind whatever. " ment does not impugn the truth of the well-known Educational Gloom . fact that scholarship does not necessarily make teaching its mode of expression; it affirms that Mr. Wearing Wanhope said : "Look not too far into the future for the millen- successful teaching is one mode of expression of a valuable mental content. nium, when honesty, sympathy, generosity and kind- The position was well taken but the invidious ness shall be the rule. Make a little piece of millen- distinction implied between teachers and other nium within your own school, or at least within your classes of workers, by the promotional examination own office, or produce an aureolus of good feeling plan, is not so serious as is the subtle distinction emanating from your own personality. However made between scholarship and power in successful shrewd, contriving and scheming other, even school teaching. people, may be around you, earth must have some The conditions attendant upon the conduct of sys- sacred spots for living the higher life; let those tems of schools are often perplexing, and the on- spots be beneath your feet. looker must recognize the efforts of a superintendent "Expect not to run a school the best way you think it can be run, try only to run the best kind of to maintain a high standard of scholarship through- a school the system will permit. out the corps of which he is the head; and yet, while openly expressing appreciation of the earnestness "Hope not to originate and perfect new plans or that struggles for better things, one must regret any unusual methods. This is not paradise, you are but one of four hundred. What you know is best for indications of the absence of an intellectually sym- pathetic study of the situation before taking action . you and your school you may not do. Originality is It is well to organize the work of the schools so a mistress you may not dally with. Be faithful rath- er to that other matron-staid and demure-Con- that teachers shall feel the influence of a great spirit and know that much remains for them to accom- formity. Seek first what you are expected by courses and syllabuses to do and do that moderately plish. But, on the other hand, the enlarged interests well. The days when one school shone with one of teachers must be reckoned with. Scholarship should not be counted as dross to be refined at the glory and another with another have departed from examiner's desk; it should be known as an im- this place. Reflectors are more suitable than lights. pelling force back of the work, and also as part of If you think you have originality, conceal it or di- it. It should not be set up for separate measurement rect it into other paths than those of school. Mem- as lying outside of successful teaching. The set ory, imitation, obedience and the mediocre qualities examination, given for admission to the schools, is of mind are what a principal and teacher should em- necessary. Further sets of questions are mere ploy in their school work. Invention, experiment makeshifts, usurping the place of that personal ac- and discovery are not expected or desired in this quaintance with the work of teachers which the school system. Recognize this now and do not superintendent should esteem it a duty and a pleasure waste time objecting to it. No system of this size to have. Ella Flagg Young in the Elementary could encourage diversity. But if the intellectual School Teacher for December, 1903 . movements of your mind are cabined and restrained, no such repression is imposed upon vour feelings. OLD BROOKLYN SYSTEM WANTED FOR THE No one objects to your enjoyment of the fullest SCHOOLS . exercise of courtesy, sympathy, encouragement, cheerfulness, patience and serenity. I cannot see Speakers at Milonian Society Bewail the Passing why any one should spurn this satisfying exercise of the Principal. of the higher feelings in order to whine about the Principal Butt of Public School No. 198 offered denial of opportunity to use one's mind in school the first contribution under this head as follows : work in a way that school systems can't stand. "- "Milonian Society : Sirs-In all this hullabaloo Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Sunday, Dec. 6, 1903. about preserving the teacher's personality, vouchsafe "History is the serial obituary of the men who us some way to maintain the principal's manhood. thought they could drive men. "-Wealth Against I have seen my position degenerate from that of a Commonwealth, p. 517, Henry D. Lloyd. head master of a school to a cog in an endless series of mechanical details. I am a monitor and a re- "Men do not lose nor lessen their personal re- porter. Once I did things; now I suggest them to sponsibility by acting through a corporation, or an a district superintendent without power, who trans- agent, or by any other indirection. The growing mits them to a powerless associate superintendent. shrewdness of the public will only lay a surer and who loses them. I am told that the old system of heavier hand on those who smite their brothers from local committees gave others than the principal too behind that ancient and uncanny creature the cor- great a power of interference in the management of porate person and then claim immunity for their a school. Do not for one moment permit yourself souls and bodies, because their dummy has no body to believe that conditions are now improved in this to be kicked and no soul to be damned. "-A Strike respect. The principal has disappeared from the of Millionaires Against Miners, p. 224, Henry D. school administration. In his place find a receiver Lloyd. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 3 WHAT THEY HAVE DONE . ANNOUNCEMENTS . That Colorado women have not neglected "the public service they may render by means of the bal- CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION. lot" is proved by the list of reforms achieved in the The regular meeting of the Chicago Teachers short space of ten years. Look at the concrete facts : Federation will be held at Fullerton Hall Saturday . Colorado owes to her women the laws establishing January 16, at 10:30 a. m . a state industrial school for girls and a state home for JOSEPHINE NICHOLS, dependent children; removing the emblems from the Cor. Secretary. Australian ballot (the nearest approach to an edu- 341 South Forty-third Avenu cational qualification for suffrage) , making fathers The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teach- and mothers joint guardians of their children, rais- ers' Federation will meet Monday, January 4, ing the age of protection for girls to eighteen, intro- ducing the indeterminate sentence, so much desired at 4 p. m., in Room 437, Unity Bldg. JOSEPHINE NICHOLS, by the friends of prison reform; establishing paren- Cor. Secretary, tal schools, providing for the care of the feeble- 341 S. Forty-third Ave. minded, and for the preservation of forest trees ; giving the board of charities and correction power MEMBERSHIP DUES . to investigate private charitable institutions, and pro- viding an annual appropriation to buy books for the Dues may be sent to the financial secretary, Miss state library; also in Denver ordinances placing Catharine Goggin, 437 Unity Building. drinking fountains in the streets, forbidding ex- pectoration in public places and requiring smoke- TEACHERS' SALARIES . consuming chimneys on all the public and business buildings. The series of ten articles on " Salary" running The last Colorado legislature added largely to this through the Journal of Education ( Boston) from list. Ellis Meredith, in the Denver News, noted that Oct. 10 to Dec. 3 ends with a symposium from state while not a single plank of either political party superintendents, to which Mrs. Helen Grenfell, state plantform was enacted into law, the women got a superintendent of schools of Colorado, contributes long list of things they wanted. There are women in the following : both political parties, and on humanitarian measures FROM STATE SUPERINTENDENTS . they generally agree irrespective of party. Among the bills desired by women which were passed by Helen L. Grenfell, Colorado. I consider the matter of teachers' salaries one of this legislature are those establishing a juvenile court, making a more stringent compulsory school vital importance, not only to the teachers them- law, giving mothers equal rights of inheritance with selves, but to the general public at the present time. fathers in the estate of a child who dies intestate, Our teachers are now not only the poorest paid of all and otherwise enlarging women's property rights; out professional classes, but are much more poorly empowering several contiguous school districts to paid than the average unskilled laborer of the coun- make a levy for the erection of a union high school, try. This fact has already driven many capable men creating a traveling library commission of women from the profession and is constantly causing capa- and providing for it an annual appropriation. ble young men to seek other lines of work rather Among other results of equal suffrage is a much than to go into the educational field. It will eventu- better enforcement of the laws forbidding the em- ally send our most capable women into other lines ployment in factories of children under fourteen, also, since at the present time there are many more requiring merchants to furnish their saleswomen outlets for women's work than was formerly the with seats, regulating the sale of liquor and tobacco case. This means that the average teacher of the to minors and others of the same general character. future will be inferior in ability to the average teach- Since equal suffrage was granted the number of no- er of to-day and a corresponding decrease in the license towns in Colorado has been more than character of the school work done. quadrupled.- А. S. В. The demands made of our teachers are greater to- day than ever before and are steadily increasing. The teacher of to-day must constantly study to keep MEETING OF MORRIS SOCIETY. pace with the increasing demands and must, as well, meet a great variety of demands made upon her as Friday, December 18, at 8 p. m. Public meeting a self- respecting member of the body social. at Fullerton Hall, the Art Institute. Open to the I believe a campaign should be instituted in every members of the society, their friends and the public state in the union for the purpose of passing laws generally. fixing the minimum salary that may be paid to the Chairman-Dr. Edmund J. James, president teachers of the state, and that every teacher and Northwestern University. every citizen who is truly interested in the future Address "The Social Aspect of the Morris welfare of the children of the country, and of the Movement," by Wallace Rice, editor and critic. country itself, should assist in bringing about the Address "Morris, the Educator," by Professor public sentiment that will make inevitable such Martin Schutze, the University of Chicago. laws. Address " The Next Step in the Evolution of the Club," by Rev. R. A. White, pastor of Stewart CLOSING OF SCHOOLS . Avenue Universalist Church. Discussion-Hon. Francis W. Parker, Dr. Schools are to close Dec. 23 and open again Rachelle S. Yarros and others. Jan. 4. 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION THE TEACHERS' CASE. BULLETIN The attorneys in the teachers' case came before Official Organ of the Chicro Teachers' Federation . Judge Dunne Tuesday afternoon, Dec. 15, and an- Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, nounced that they had not been able to reach an December 23, 1991. agreement as to the facts in the case and asked that THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the the court give them another extension of time in year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of April and December. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Pity Cents per year. Single order to give opportunity to get together again, and copies, Five Cents. ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received if possible agree on such facts as in justice to the by Tuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to court he ought not to be asked to decide. the order of the Federation Bulletin. In order to understand what this involves it is THE EDITOR , 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO. necessary to know that the attorneys for the Board Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. of Education made a formal denial of every fact alleged in the petition for injunction filed by the THE MARKING OF TEACHERS . teachers; that is, the board denied that Miss Gog- In accordance with the instruction of the Federa- gin is a taxpayer, resident of Chicago, owner of tion a committee waited upon the superintendent property described, etc., etc. It denies that the Tuesday, Dec. 15, for the purpose of placing before 3,500 teachers who have filed claims were in the him the teachers' point of view on the "secret mark- service of the board for the years claimed in the ing" of teachers . bill and every other allegation, formal and material. Mr. Cooley listened with careful attention to all that the committee had to say and said that he would If the attorneys cannot agree to admit these facts, take the matter under advisement. then it will be necessary to prove in court that each Four members of the committee were present- of these 3,500 teachers were in the service during namely, Miss Louie L. Kilbourn, Mrs. Ida L. Furs- each of the years claimed, for instance, and all the man, Miss Anna M. Murphy and Miss Catharine Goggin. The fifth member, Miss Isabel Richman other facts alleged in the bill, many of which are was unavoidably absent. mere matters of record in the proceedings of the In order that the superintendent might have in board on which the attorneys could get together and written form a concise statement of what is desired agree either that they are or are not matters of rec- by the Federation the following communication was ord, and that they are or are not as alleged, instead left with him for reference. December 15, 1903 . of taking the time of the court and compelling him to decide for them. Mr. E. G. Cooley, Superintendent of Schools, Chi- cago : The enormous work that it would involve to prove Dear Sir-The Chicago Teachers' Federation re- spectfully requests that in addition to the instruc- this one fact of the teachers' service will give some tions now placed on the official blank used in re- idea of what it would mean to thrash out all these cording the principal's estimate of the efficiency of facts in court. The board's proceedings for the last teachers a further instruction be added requiring seven years would have to be produced in court and principals to furnish each teacher a copy of the each teacher's place in the list of annual appoint- blank containing such teacher's mark in each particu- lar enumerated on said blank ; and that this copy ments located, and the fact of her service during be given to teachers at the time of making such each of these years established from these proceed- estimate and be signed by the principal by whom the ings . This work has already been done for the estimate is made. Very respectfully, teachers' side of the case by those looking after that, THE CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION . but unless the board's attorneys are willing to accept Louie L. Kilbourn , these findings as correct it will have to be all done Ida L. Fursman , over again in the presence of the court. Anna M. Murphy, Catharine Goggin, It was decided that on Dec. 23 trial of the case Committee. will be formally begun in court and resumed on the 28th, the recess being allowed to accommodate Mr. TAKES STAND FOR TEACHERS . Herrick, who has another case demanding his at- "That this department go on record as opposed tention between Dec. 23 and Dec. 28. to promotional examinations for teachers" was the The attorneys informed the court that the trial substance of a motion enthusiastically carried by the educational section of the Ravenswood Woman's would probably occupy from ten days to three weeks Club yesterday afternoon. " The ability to teach, if certain facts could not be agreed on out of court ; to give out to others, ought to be the basis of pro- otherwise, not more than three days. motion, " said Mrs. Mary M. Betts, president of the club. " I wish every woman's club in the land would Messrs. Herrick, Allen, Boyeson, Martin and protest to Mr. Cooley against those examinations. " Maher all appeared for the Board of Education ; -Chicago Record-Herald, Dec. 15, 1903. Messrs . Darrow and Greenacre for the teachers. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 5 OFFICIAL BLANK USED IN MARKING TEACHERS, DIRECTIONS TO PRINCIPALS, Principals are requested to make this report at the close of the school months of December and April, and to send it promptly to the Superintendent of Schools, But one mark is to be placed in the colmn for "Efficiency Record." In estimating this the prin- cipal should use the following form : I. Ability to Teach (Maximum 50%) a. Professional attainments, Consider, { b. c. Systematic work, Results in scholarship. II. Ability to Govern (Maximum 30%) a. Moral and social influence on the pupils, Consider, { b. Ability to secure industry, honesty and self-reliance, c. Personality of the teacher, III. School Interest of Teacher (Maximum 20%) a. Co-operation with other teachers and the principal, Consider, b. { c. Interest and activity in the plans and aims of the school . Professional ambition and growth. Total The principal should compare the above total with the table given below and make certain that the total given expresses his judgment of the teacher's worth . 1. Superior, A mark from 95 to 100. 66 66 “ 66 2. Excellent, 90 94. 66 “ ،، ،، 3. Good, 80 89. 66 “ “ “ 4. Fair, 70 79. 66 ،، 5. Poor or Incompetent, below 70. In case of a teacher ranked below 70, the principal is requested to make a special report, using the above form for the purpose. OEMS FROM HERBERT SPENCER'S WORKS Every man has freedom to do all that he wills, Mental power cannot be got from ill-fed brains. provided he infringe not the equal freedom of any Despotism in the state is associated with despot- other man. ism in the family. Free institutions can be properly worked only by Not to be impulsive-not to be spurred hither and men each of whom is jealous of his own rights and thither by each desire which in truth comes upper- also sympathetically jealous of the rights of others most, but to be self-restrained, self-balanced, gov- -who will neither himself aggress on his neighbors erned with the joint decision of the feelings in in small things or great nor tolerate aggression on council assembled, before whom every action shall them by others. have been fully debated and calmly determined- No one can be perfectly free till all are free ; no this it is which moral education strives to produce. one can be perfectly moral till all are moral ; no one Scarcely any connection exists between morality can be perfectly happy till all are happy. and the discipline of ordinary teaching. Mere cul- The saying that beauty is but skin deep is a skin- ture of the intellect (and education as usually con- deep saying. ducted amounts to little more) is hardly at all oper- ative upon conduct. Creeds pressed upon the mind, Command is a blight to the affections. Whatso- good principles learned by rote, lessons in right and ever of beauty-whatsoever of poetry-there is in wrong, will not eradicate vicious propensities, the passion that unites the sexes withers up and dies in the cold atmosphere of authority. though people, in spite of their experience as parents and as citizens, persist in hoping they will. People are beginning to see the first requisite in Whoever thinks that men might have full sym- life is to be a good animal. The best brain is found pathy with their fellows, while lacking all sympathy of little service if there be not enough vital energy with inferior creatures, will discover his error on to work it, and hence to obtain the one by sacrificing looking at the facts. the source of the other is now considered a folly- Be sparing of commands. Command only when a folly which the eventual failure of juvenile prodi- other means are inexplicable or have failed. gies constantly illustrates. Thus we are discovering Do but gain a boy's trust ; convince him by your the wisdom of the saying that one secret in educa- behavior that you have his happiness at heart, let tion is "to know how wisely to lose time." him discover that you are the wiser of the two ; let In our tender regard for the vested interests of him experience the benefit of following your ad- the few let us not forget the rights of the many. vice and the evils that arise from disregarding it, Evolution can end only in the establishment of the and fear not that you will readily enough guide him. greatest perfection and the most complete happiness. 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. (Form E 51) BOARD OF EDUCATION CITY OF CHICAGO Principal's Report of Teachers' Record. EDUCATIONAL DEPARTMENT School for Term Ending. 190 Signed Principal. Instructions Efficiency NAMES* Record Tardiness Absence Explanatory Remarks Blank .other side See for of ( *OVER) The Elementary Democracy School Teacher and Social Ethics Edited by The University of Chicago By JANE ADDAMS School of Education, JOHN DEWEY, Director, MRS. ELLA F. YOUNG, Man- Head of " Hull House," Chi- aging Editor. Published monthly, cago; joint author of "Philan- except in July and August. Subscrip- thropy and Social Progress." tion price, $1.50 a year, single copies, 20 cents. Foreign postage, 50 cents. Miss Addams' Settlement Work is known to all who are interested in social amelioration and municipal conditions. As the title of her book Amonthly periodical for teachers, prin- shows, it will be occupied with the reciprocal cipals and superintendents. Each number relations of ethical progress and the growth of contains practical plans for teaching in democratic thought, sentiment and institutions. every grade from the kindergarten through the eight grades and the pedagogic schools. $1.25 NET. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 7 FEDERAL The First TRUST & SAVINGS National $2,000,000 CAPITAL BANK SURPLUS $500,000 A Banking, Savings and Trust Company Bank business transacted. We invite interviews or correspondence from individuals, firms or corporations contemplating making changes or opening is now new accounts . OFFICERS. DIRECTORS. located in its Thomas P. Phillips, E. H. Gary, Chairman, President. Charles Deering, new office , Nathan G. Moore, Vice President and W. J. Chalmers. Alfred H. Mulliken. Counsel. C. B. Shedd. Charles S. Castle, A. E. Musbaum. Cashier. T. P. Phillips. F. J. Scheidenhelm, Norman B. Ream. 119 Asst. Cashier. Edwin L. Wagner, Asst. Cashier . Nathan G. Moore. E. J. Buffington. D. W. Burrows. Irving J. Shuart, W. E. Phillips. Secretary. J. N. Vance. Monroe St. N. E. Cor. La Salle and Adams Streets. Schlesinger & Mayer RestaurantGrill and TeaRoom SCHOOL For men and women. Seating capacity 1,000. Cuisine and service of the highest quality. Occupies the entire 8th floor of BOOKS our new building. Most attractive place AND ALL OTHER BOOKS of the kind in Chicago. "Afternoon Tea " and " Kaffee Klatsch" We make a specialty of with special musical programme, low prices and prompt shipments. ::::::::: We supply many of the largest schools in the coun- try with all their books. IF I CAN SUCCEED SEND FOR OUR SCHOOL BOOK CATALOGUE, with in making clear to you what is meant by LOANS BY telegraphic code. It con- CORRESPONDENCE you will never borrow onany tains the leading books of other plan. Address E. B., Federation Bulletin, 437 Unity Bidg all publishers. :: :: :: By permission I give this paper as my referenca. The Baker & Taylor Co. LOANS TO TEACHERS WHOLESALE BOOKSELLERS By a Teacher 33-37 East 17th Street, New York AT LIVE AND LET LIVE LOW RATES "Wherewithal" and no tattling. L. A. care FEDERATION BULLETIN , 437 UNITY BUILDING 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . Mammoth Cave A visit to Mammoth Cave constitutes a unique experience in one's search of pleasure and the marvelous. From the moment of arrival at the quaint old hostelry, which dates so far back toward the beginning of the century that it is really a part of the history of the cavern, to the last backward look which is always given when the top of the rough stairway of rock at the entrance is reached on the return from the depths there is continuous surprise, new experience and pleasant memories. The cavern, with its 200 miles of underground passages over hill and valley, through gorge and canon, across rivers and deep crevices, with its Titanic halls and star- bedeckeddomes, unrivaled anywhere in size and magnificance, has been pronounced by noted travelers as the greatest natural wonder in the world, and you should remember this when planning your summer outing. Mammoth Cave is in Edmonson county, Kentucky, one hundred miles south of Louisville, near the main line of the Louisville & Nashville Railroad andwhich company has on sale daily round trip tickets at reduced rates for partles desiring to visit the cave. An interesting illustrated booklet, entitled "Two Hundred Miles Underground," will be sent upon receipt of six cents in stamps by addressing C. L. STONE, Gen'l Pass. Agent, Louisville, Ky. NOW IS THE TIME To Secure the New 1903 Edition of Ridpath's History of the United States 50% less than ever sold before-sets sent on approval-an easyway to get this matchless set of books-a necessity in every American home The name of Dr. Ridpath, our greatest historian, is known from Main to California, and this sweeping reduction places for the first time within the reach of every intelligent American the graphic story of the heroic deeds of our forefathers as only he can tell it. UNIVERSALLY COMMENDED- FASCINATING AS A ROMANCE. This is the only history endorsed by such scholars and thinkers as the late President McKinley; ex-President White of Cornell; Prof. Churchill of Oberlin; Dr. Buckley of the Christian Advocate; Hezekiah Butterworth, former editor Youth's Companion; W. R. Houghton, A. M., Professor of History, Indiana University; Prof. Bennett, Boston University; Prof. Edwards of McKendee; W. D. Wilson. D. D. LL. D., Registrar of Cornell, and thousands of other famous men and women who have born witness to its absorbing interest and value. THE NEW 1903 IMPERIAL EDITION Revised and enlarged into Five Superb Royal Octavo Volumes-Lavishly Illustrated-contains our country's history from earliest times todate, and hasbeenenriched byhundreds ofnewMaps RaceCharts, Chronological-Charts and text illustrations, together with over 100 full-page photogravures and half-tone Etchings of Famous Historical Paintings by Trumbull, Chapman and other great artists, making it the most valuable collection of historical illustrations ever embodied in any work. D. A. McKINLAY & CO., New York Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin 100 Vol. 3. CHICAGO, JANUARY 8, 1904. No. 6. In Memoriam PHOEBE IRENE FORT, a half she has had charge of the branch and was its only teacher. She lived with her mother in Auburn Park, She Principal Myra Bradwell School . was a member of the Auburn Park Woman's club and Phoebe Irene Fort was a woman of more than ordinary was deeply interested in everything that was calculated in attainments and rare powers. Losing her mother in her any way to make this sad world better and brighter. She childhood she with her two sisters were cared for by an camecerta originally from theofSouth, and she of brought with aunt, Mrs. Phoebe H. Jones, of Albany, N. Y. At this her certainly something the fragrance the orange home she was surrounded by people of culture who left a and the magnolia in her soul. She has gone back now lasting imprint, among whom Susan B. Anthony was wearing the laurels wreathed for her by loving northern one of the first to send a letter of anxious inquiry. hands. Poor, dear girl ! It seems impossible still that Miss Fort graduated from Cornell University with credit so frightful a fate could have come to one so promising, to herself and the dear aunt who was so proud of her so indispensable, and fair. As the years go by hearts will success. She early chose teaching for her profession and heal, I suppose, and the pains of bereavement grow less brought to her daily work the strong, sweet 'womanhood poignant, but I am sure that as long as many memories that was far-reaching in its effects, being an inspiration live there will abide in them the image and example of to all who came into her presence. Quiet, unassuming al- this one so cruelly torn from our midst. most to a fault, yet so strong was her personailty that a Honor's chaplets are not all earned by the conspicuous, friend once said of her, "She is not a woman, but a Indeed, they are often more truly deserved by those whose queen." She was made principal of the Myra Bradwell lives are passed in the more humble walks. It is time for school before the annexation of Hyde Park to the city, garlands to go where they belong. We ought to begin to and the works of art , which that building contains had realize that a man or a woman may be in history without been collected by her in her extensive travel through at the same time being very useful. And if devotion to Europe and the United States. She was among the first others, unmurmuring self-sacrifice and purity and nobility to appreciate the value of beauty in the school grounds, of purpose are qualities worthy of honor, then those un- and the ivies, rare roses, and other plants have long de- fortunate teachers whose lives went out in that fiery trag- lighted the people of that neighborhood. edy deserve the mention and honor of their fellowmen. The sorrowful faces of children and teachers who at- J. Howard Moore . tended the funeral services on Saturday attest the irre- parable loss we have met. MARY EDNA TORNEY. Throop School . LUCY SILL, Miss M. Edna Torney was born in Adrian, Mich., and Calumet High School . came to Chicago when a child. She attended the convent Miss Sill was a graduate of the Calumet High school . of St. Charles Borromeo and graduating from there en- On leaving the high school she went to the University of tered the West Division High School and was a graduate Michigan, where she received her degree in 1900. In Sep- of the class of 1895. She was assigned as cadet at the tember of the same year she came back to take up her Throop School in October, 1895. In September, 1896, she lifework as a teacher. She was assigned to the branch of was appointed teacher of the lowest primary room in the the Calumet High school at West Pullman. It was here Throop School and remained its teacher until her death. that I knew her. During the two years we were asso- She possessed rare musical ability. She had been offered ciated here I came to know her as a person of the highest positions in schools in more favored districts but refused character and promise. She was a person of supreme gen- them. tleness, very intellectual and unusually loved. I have Miss Torney was remarkably unselfish. Always ambi- thought many times since that terrible event that took her tious to excel in her work, anxious to help others, never away from this world how peaceful and beautiful all our sparing time nor effort, she never realized that she always lives were there in that little school during those three did more work than anyone planned for her. No graduat- or four happy years. There was a warmth and affection ing class at the school ever felt that its closing exercises in all the relations of the school that are never enjoyed in couldbe complete without Miss Torney's presence and as- the larger schools. The bovs and girls were like brothers sistance. Miss Torney was extremely popular in her social and sisters to each other. There were only four or five of life. In church work of all kinds she took an active part. us teachers, all on the same floor and in almost hourly She was the eldest daughter in her home. How much is association. Miss Sill was a queen in the school. She implied in those words, "eldest daughter," can only be was loved and admired by everyone. She was so serene, so realized by those who know her home life. spirituelle, and so devoted to everybody and to everything Home, church and school-once gladdened by the sun- connected with the school. Her pupils loved her with a ten- shine of her joyous loving heart, now darkened by the loss derness and loyalty seldom seen even in the schoolroom. of one whose heart was centered in them. Many of us have insuperable defects. We would like to be To the saddened home, the sympathy of her fellow teach- better if we could be. But Miss Sill had no blemish that I ers and her principal are extended. Her beautiful young was ever able to discover. She ruled those around her with life was not lived in vain and the memory of her loving the purest love and devotion. During the past year and spirit will always remain in the hearts of her associates. : 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. SABINE EGER, MARIA T. MEAGHER, Moseley School. Schiller School . Miss Eger's influence as pupil, teacher and friend will Maria T. Meagher, born in Chicago and educated in its ever be among the pleasant memories connected with the public schools, began her useful life as teacher in the Ved- Moseley school. From it she entered high school and after der street school, now the Schiller, twenty-three years graduation returned and began her professional work ago, and spent all of her teaching days there. therein. Physically not robust she yet carried the responsibilities Faithful to her convictions of duty she became emi- of a little home circle without grudging, and shared its nently successful as a teacher, winning by her pleasing full measure of sorrows. Ever loyal to the larger body personality not only the sincere respect, but what was far of teachers she responded to every call for practical sym- better, the loving regard of those under her charge. pathy even to the point of sacrifice. The common, Thoughtful consideration of her co-workers, interest everyday duties of school were glorified by her gentle, and devotion to her high ideals of professional courtesy, disposition. Her sweet reasonableness made her loved by gained her an abiding place in the affections of the teach- all, and the fineness of her nature continues to spread its ers, and they who knew her best and fully realized her influence in many a little soul that came under her charge. womanly worth, feel that in the sudden closing of a life Her bereft associates and the school that knew her so of so much promise, they have lost a dear and well be- long wish her "not only a Happy New Year, but a happy loved friend, and the city one of its most competent, and eternity." conscientious instructors. Earnest student, faithful teacher, valued friend, your MRS. E. LILLIAN BRINSLEY. memory liveth forever. Throop School . SUSAN I. CLAY, Mrs. E. Lillian Newman Brinsley, who met death in the Gallistel School . Iroquois fire, was a former teacher in the Throop School. Mrs. Brinsley was married to Mr. Herbert G. Brinsley on Miss Susan I. Clay was born in East Albany (now June 25, 1902. Previous to that time Mrs. Brinsley had Rensselaer ) , N. Y., on the 13th day of May, 1856. At the taught four years at the Throop School in the same room age of ten years she was left motherless and her father with Miss Torney. During the years when they did such died eight years later. Susie, as she was fondly called, faithful work together they became firm friends. They received a common school education, and when still very were together when they entered the theater on December young began teaching in the district schools until by her 30 and in death they were not separated. own efforts she had secured means sufficient to carry her Mrs. Brinsley's home circle consisted of her husband, through the full course of the New York State Normal her father, Mr. Wm. Newman and her sister. school at Albany, from whence she was graduated with An earnest worker, a sympathetic friend, a companion honors. whose society was always inspiring and cheering, Mrs. After this she taught for some years in the East, until Brinsley left at the Throop School many who loved her she removed to Chicago about thirteen years ago, taking a dearly and who sympathize with her family when they position in the Gallistel school, where she taught con- realize how much they have lost in losing her. tinuously up to the fatal day that cast the horrible pall of death and sorrow over our city. In early life she united with the Methodist church and MRS . PEARL M. MILLS, was a faithful and devoted worker in that church to the time of her death. Wadsworth School . Her disposition was lovable and affectionate, always The Wadsworth school has been called upon to mourn true to her many friends, and to every household she the loss of two of its faithful teachers, Mrs. Pearl Mills entered she brought love, sunshine and good cheer. of the Sixth grade and Miss Julia Brewster of the Second Her generous and unselfish nature and the many kind grade. and thoughtful acts she did drew to her hosts of loving Mrs. Mills had taught about eleven years in the Chi- friends. All who knew her unite in saying " To know her cago public schools, five of them being spent in the Wads- was to love her." worth. Her disposition was lovable and generous and those traits in her character endeared her to the hearts of ELLIE M. FAIR, her pupils, fellow teachers and friends. Gallistel School . Her body was taken by her husband to her childhood's home, Nunica, Mich., where awaited it her aged parents, Miss Ellie M. Fair was born at Dover, England, 1851 . three sisters and two brothers. She was the daughter of the late Major Alexander Fair, Mrs. Mills was much loved by her co- workers in the Van of the British army. She was educated in England by pri- Vlissengen school, where she had taught prior to her vate tutors, and came to America in 1869. She became a transfer to the Wadsworth, and by her many friends in pupil of the Cook County Normal school and graduated Roseland, whose friendship she won when a member of the from the same with honor. At the graduation she had church choir. the prize essay, an essay much praised and afterwards pub- She was a teacher of marked ability, cheerful, sunny lished. She began teaching in South Chicago about twen- disposition and highly esteemed by all who knew her. ty-three years ago. She was a teacher at the Gallistel at the She is deeply mourned by her many friends. time of her death, having been connected with that school for about two years. She was universally loved by all with whom she came in DAISY LIVINGSTON . contact. Her genial spirit endeared her to all her co- workers. Ray School . Miss Daisy E. Livingstone of the Ray School had for ANNA T. REIDY. several years had charge of a fourth and fifth grade divi- sion in the Jackson Park Branch, and had endeared her- Pickard School . self to a large circle of pupils and parents. The Pickard School in heartfelt sympathy with the many She was a young woman of fine character and high other schools laments the sad departure of Anna T. Reidy professional ambition. For some time she had cherished from its midst. the hope of preparing herself for high school work. With Miss Reidy, who perished with her two sisters and cou- this aim in view she had matriculated in the Chicago Uni- sin, was a graduate of the Chicago Normal class of '99, versity, and was one of the five students whose loss is and has always been one of the school corps of teachers in mourned by that institution. the Pickard School, with the exception of two months. Miss Livingstone was also an esteemed member of the Her genial and kindly disposition endeared her to her well-known Nike Club, a large and influential organization associate teachers and principal, and made her a favorite of women of the south side, and was preparing a paper to among them. be read before the club at an early date. Her loss is de- Only the sweetest memories will remain of her whose plored by a large number of friends outside of school cir- death is but an awakening to a better life, cles as well as by fellow teachers, CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 3 MISS FLORENCE TOBIAS AND MRS. ROSE ALICE WELTON . K. ROGERS. Scanlan School . Jefferson School. Miss Welton's first school was at Bay City, Mich. From Mrs. Rose K. Rogers and Miss Florence E. Tobias, there she went to Detroit, Mich., where she taught in the teachers in the Jefferson School, were buried together in primary grades until she came to Chicago to be trained as Rosehill. Union services were held Monday at the Third a kindergartner. She gave up a good position in Detroit Presbyterian church, Ashland and Ogden avenues. to come here and study for the work she loved. Miss Tobias had been a teacher for seventeen years, and She studied for her kindergarten work at the Gertrude was one of the most beloved in the school service. Pupils House, where she graduated in '95. She worked in the whom she taught ten years ago came to her home Christ- Northwestern Settlement a year, then she conducted a pri- mas day with a present. vate kindergarten. She waited a long time for a position Mrs. Rogers had been a teacher for thirteen years, all of in the public schools. Although she had conducted a kin- which time she had been at the Jefferson School. She dergarten three years she had to go into the public schools and Miss Tobias were always together whenever the oppor- as an assistant and had to live on that small salary five tunity presented itself. years. To eke out a living she had a private afternoon kindergarten and also conducted a private one during the summer vacation . GRACE TUTTLE, Not until last year when the board of education decided Ravenswood School . to have a morning and afternoon session did she secure Miss Grace Tuttle was born at Beloit, Wis., where she a regular teacher's salary. Last summer was the first time received her early education. Later she attended the Osh- since she graduated in '95 that she could afford to take a kosh Normal school. After several years of experience in vacation. She passed the regular teachers' examination and an ungraded school in Wisconsin she was elected a teach- held a grade teacher's certificate. She was in the Bass school one year and the Scanlan five years . er in the Haven school, Chicago, in March, 1885. In Sep- tember, 1894, she was transferred to the Ravenswood school, where she remained until her death. DORA MITCHELL. Miss Tuttle's mild disposition, her keen sense of justice, Darwin School . and her ability as a teacher endeared her to her pupils and made a host of friends for her among the patrons of the Dora Mitchell of the Darwin School was born in Lock- school who will more and more realize that they the have lost port, Ill. , and always lived there. She was educated a teacher of more than ordinary ability, whose influence at the Convent of the Sacred Heart and after leaving will be felt for years to come. Miss Tuttle's sister and school, she taught at the South Lockport School for some her two children also perished in the fire, leaving only a years. Three years ago she came to the Darwin School, husband and infant child of a once happy family. where she has been teaching arithmetic. She was an ex- cellent teacher and her influence upon her pupils and asso- ciates was strong and helpful. She had a gentle, quiet MARY J. BREWSTER, manner and a sincere, affectionate disposition which made her very dear to her friends. Wadsworth School . Miss Mitchell was the only victim of the fire who re- The morning the body of Miss Julia Brewster of the sided in Lockport, and the grief-stricken friends and rel- Wadsworth was viewed by her friends for the last time, atives filled St. Denis' Church at the funeral Saturday a little second-grade girl tripped into the room with a morning. Solemn High Mass was sung by Father Casey sweet remembrance of flowers for her "dear teacher." of St. Mary of the Lake's, who is a cousin of the deceased. As with this little child so with all her pupils, fellow teachers and associates, Miss Brewster entwined herself MR. HERMAN O. DREISEL . about their hearts. Long will her memory live in the thoughts of many of her friends. She was a graduate of Mr. Herman O. Dreisel, instructor in physical culture the class of '99 of the Chicago Normal school. The past at the R. T. Crane High and Manual Training School, was two years she spent at the Wadsworth. She was laid to a victim of the terrible catastrophe at the Iroquois theater rest at Oakwoods cemetery, so near and yet so far from Wednesday, Dec. 30, 1903. He was born in Germany and the school where she had spent so many happy days . came to this country when a boy. He spent several years Loving parents and sister are left to mourn her un- in Clinton, Mass. , and came to Milwaukee to perfect his Loving education in the German-American Teachers' Normal timely death. School of Milwaukee. He then graduated in the Normal FLORENCE 0. WHITE . School of the North American Gymnastic Union. In September, 1900, he was appointed assistant teacher of Ray School. physical culture in the Chicago Normal School; in 1902, he Miss Florence O. White of the Ray School, although was transferred to the Austin and Jefferson high schools ; she had only entered on the second year of her work, was and Dec. 1, 1903, he began in the R. T. Crane High and Manual Training School. a young teacher of rare promise. She had a genuine love He was a devoted and earnest scholar and spent his for the children under her charge, and her whole heart evenings studying medicine at the Harvey Medical College. was in her work. Her constant aim was to improve her- self professionally. Last summer she attended the sum- mer session of the Normal School, and during the past MISS ELLA LAWRENCE. term she was taking a course in construction work, to Farragut School . which she was devoting herself with great zeal. It was no uncommon thing for her to say that she loved Another beautiful life that went out in the Iroquois dis- teaching, and the words always came from her heart. aster was that of Ella Worley Lawrence, a teacher in the Actuated by this ideal spirit it is not surprising that she Farragut School. had won the love of all her pupils and the warm approval She was born in Chicago twenty-three years ago of Eng- of their parents. lish parentage. She graduated from the Medill High School in the class of 1899. After leaving the Normal FRANCES M. LEHΜΑΝ. School she accepted a position in the country near Aurora, Nash School , which she filled most creditably to herself and acceptably to her patrons. She was a cadet in the D. S. Wentworth Frances M. Lehman after graduating from the City School and later in the Garfield School, where all loved and Normal School began her life work in the Calhoun School appreciated her sterling worth. In September she was as- in 1895. In 1898 she was transferred to the Nash, where signed to the Farragut School. Her influence among she remained until she lost her life in the Iroquois fire. teachers and pupils was beneficent and beautiful. Her work was with the smallest children. She filled that Her refined, noble nature we feel has only been the more most difficult position with tact, kindness and great re- refined through the baptism of fire through which she was sourcefulness. Her unbounded good health and good called to pass. Love and sympathy for the near ones who spirits filled her with confidence in herself, but she was have been deprived of her joyous young life are felt by all most lovable. She could lead or follow with equal grace. who knew Ella Worley Lawrence. 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION OUR LOST CHILDREN. They are gone from us, the little ones who bade us Merry BULLETIN : Christmas . They have passed beyond our care, and en- Official Organ of the Chiors Teachers' Federation. tered with the new year into the mystery of eternity. They made joy in the world while they were with us, and it is Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Mlinois, as Second-Class Matter, December 23, 1991. they with their mothers who make the infinite pathos of this tragedy by which we are overshadowed. THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of Other losses this city has suffered, and in its young hope- April and December. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fity Cents per year. Single fulness has rallied from the shock. But this sorrow deepens copies. Five Cents . as the days elapse. No one is able to speak long of any ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received by Tuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issne. other subject. In the faces of strangers one reads a ques- ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to the order of the Federation Bulletin. tioning sympathy or a wordless grief. Even those who THE EDITOR , were so fortunate as to escape loss among their nearest, 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO. have been stirred to the depths by this tragic revelation Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 6 p. m. Phone Central 3904. of the every day miracle of mother love, and all the tender chivalry which it awakens. Mothers, whose death was a vain but willing martyr- dom,-mothers more desolate who live to mourn-heart BURNING OF THE IROQUOIS THEATER. stricken fathers for whom the light of life is darkened- The grief of our mourning city has fallen heavily upon out of your sorrow has come the lesson to this heedless the schools. We give elsewhere brief memorial sketches city that human life is worth the care we give to lesser of the thirty-eight teachers who lost their lives in the burn- things; that the irreverence with which we lightly treat it brings in time its awful penalty. Not the terror, not the ing of the Iroquois theater. The Federation through its suffering of the Iroquois disaster moves us most deeply, board of managers has made plans to suspend its business not even the pity of it, but the share that pity gives us in and devote the time of its next regular meeting on Janu- the deepest, the simplest, the strongest and purest of all ary 16 to a memorial service for those whom we have lost. human emotions. We have seen childless mothers griev- ing through many years with ever deepening tenderness, Through THE BULLETIN the Federation extends sincerest with ever widening love, until all motherless children might sympathy to every household made desolate by these deaths . find refuge in their aching breasts. So miracles of mercy to every school that misses from its members teachers or are wrought through sharpest pain. So may it be with pupils at the opening of this new year. this Rachel among cities that mourns for her children and will not be comforted. The calamity which has befallen Chicago is unique in the widespread sorrow which it has brought. The audience MEETING OF THE BOARD OF EDUCATION . at a holiday matinee is representative of almost every por- Jan. 6. 1904. tion of the city, and so it happens that there is scarcely At the regular meeting of the Board of Education anyone who does not number a friend or relative among Wednesday the secretary read the death roll call of the the dead. It is natural therefore that when the first shock teachers and pupils who lost their lives in the Iroquois of the universal sorrow has abated, the impulse to seek theater Dec. 30. Resolutions of sympathy were adopted, the superintendent authorized to make arrangements for the means for the better safeguarding of life should be also a memorial meeting. The memorial will be held Saturday general. There is no question that in this matter we are as a people crude and negligent almost beyond belief. We morning, Jan. 9, at the hall in the Normal school at half are great in emergencies, but we do not know how to live past to o'clock. Without speeches, and with only sad personal coniment our daily lives in peace and safety. Our city is in con- among the trustees at their desks, the board adjourned. stant peril. The death roll from accidents of all kinds is appalling. Fireproof construction appears to mean merely THE LONG DEATH ROLL. that the loss in a fire is loss of human life and not of the This is the death roll of teachers read by Secretary building. The Iroquois theater to-day bears exteriorly Larson : little trace of the terrible tragedy which was enacted within Principal . and while the responsibility with its attendant sorrow bears Fort, Irene ....... Bradwell School most heavily upon those connected with the ownership and management of the building, and the city authorities re- Special Teachers. sponsible for the enforcement of the ordinances, there is a Mann, Emma D ....... ..Music measure of responsibility which no one can escape. Dreisel, Herman O ......... Physical Culture The force of law is in public sentiment. It is to be hoped Strawbridge, Mrs. Mary A..... ........ Sewing that there may be at least this good derived from the great- est catastrophe in the history of Chicago, that the deter- High School Teachers. mination and energy which characterize the people of this Sill, Lucie A ...... ... Calumet High School city may be turned to the defense of the helpless against Elementary Teachers. all perils which human wisdom may foresee. Brewster, Julia. Meagher, Maria T. The lesson of the Chicago fire was not lost upon us ; it Chapin, Agnes H. Mitchell, Dora A. gave us a fire department which is a model to the world. Clay, Susan I. Mills, Mrs. Pearl M. It is the custom sometimes to refer to such calamities as Crocker, Melissa J. Owens, Amy. the design of an inscrutable Providence, but this is a view Dickie, Edith. Radcleffe, Annie. which is not acceptable to any wholesome mind. They are Eger, Nellie Sabine. Reidy, Annie T. no more in the designs of Providence than disease or sin. Fair, Ella M. Rogers, Rose K. They are the outcome of human negligence, the negli- Falkenstein, Gertrude R. Sayre, Carrie A. gence of a whole people. It is in our power to see that the Geary, PaulineA. Schaffner, Minnie H. laws are enforced. The inscrutable mystery is in the Gustavson, Alma E. Tobias, Florence. minds of men, that we will not learn except through the Hoffeins, Adeline J. C. Torney, Mary Edna. shock of terror and of anguish the wisdom which might Kennedy, Agnes R. Tuttle, Grace. save us. It is easier to devise a fireproof structure than Kennedy, Frances E.. White, Florence O. to man it with a responsible human being who will not Lawrence, Ella Warley. Wild, Rita. fail nor be ever unprepared. Yet in our fire department Lehman, Frances M. Zimmerman, Elizabeth F. the city has solved this problem so far as the final emer- Livingstone, Daisy F. gency is concerned, and men have been found to rise to the Kindergarten Teachers. requirement. But when all is said that can be said, our last word must still be one of heart-yearning sympathy to all Harbaugh, Mary E. Welton, Alice. who are mourning to-day. Come what will of the tragedy, Cadet. to them it must mean always grief unspeakable. God com- fort them. Biegler, Susan M. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 5 PAULINE A. GEARY, MILLIE J. CROCKER. Felsenthal School . Oakland School . Pauline A. Geary was a native of Chicago. Her early Miss Millie J. Crocker was for many years a teacher in education was received in the convent of the Congregation de Notre Dame. Later she attended the Haven school, the Oakland School. Her thorough scholarship, intense the South Division high and the Normal, her first work earnestness and unfaltering devotion to duty placed her as a cadet being at the M. W. Fuller, to which school in the first rank of her profession. The dignity and re- she received her first appointment. Later she was trans- finement of her manners, the sweetness and modesty of her ferred to the W. K. Sullivan, and last spring to the Fel- nature, combined with an attractive personality, endeared . senthal. her to pupils and fellow-teachers and won the love and From the schools where she was remembered as a class- respect of a wide circle of friends. Her influence on the mate and from those where in later years, she was known lives of others will be her lasting memorial. as a fellow teacher, there gathered round her bier loving, sorrowing friends. Principals, teachers, pupils, all loved ANNA RADCLIFFE. her for her gentleness, her helpfulness, her unselfishness. She won admiration from her associates by her devotion Parkman School. to her chosen profession, her thoroughness and her un- Annie Radcliffe had been a teacher in the Parkman tiring energy, and from her little pupils she won unfail- ing love because of her unfailing patience and gentleness. School for more than six years . She had no relatives in At heart she was ever a child herself and so won the the city. Her original home was in, or near, St. Mary's, childish hearts . Canada, and her remains are at rest in the cemetery of that little town. In her home and outside her school life she was always :he devoted daughter and sister, the loving friend, the Hers was a peculiarly sweet and gentle, though strong and courageous nature, and she was beloved by all who social favorite. Gifted beyond the common mentally, she knew her, and is deeply mourned by pupils, teachers and was, too, more than commonly beautiful of face, her face principal of the Parkman School, to whom she had en- and mind reflecting a simplicity, a purity, a beauty of soul not often met with. deared herself by her pleasing, kindly and loving person- "As a cloud of the sunset slow melting in Heaven, ality. As a star that is lost when the daylight is given, EMMA D. MANN. As a glad dream of slumber which wakens in bliss . She has passed to the world of the Holy, from this." Assistant Supervisor of Music. FRANCES E. KENNEDY, " Come, Time, and teach me, many years, Hendricks School . I do not suffer in a dream ; For now so strange do these things seem, Miss Frances E. Kennedy was born in Chicago and Mine eyes have leisure for their tears. " educated in its public schools, having attended the Mose- -In Mem. ley and the South Davision High. She began teaching in On Tuesday a tearful little lad asked: " Was it was it the Hendricks School in 1887 and taught there continu- our Miss Mann ?" That she was loved and claimed by ously till the time of her death. every child was shown in the faces whenever she entered With her sister Agnes and the Misses Pauline and the schoolroom; and the children's tears now witness to Kathleen Geary, all teachers, she attended the Iroquois her sympathy and her gracious personality. Equally elo- Theater on that fatal afternoon of December 30, and of quent is the speeches, tearful tribute of hosts of teachers . the party of four only Kathleen escaped. Blest by nature with strength of mind and will, with As one who knew Frances Kennedy in her home, in noble form and face, with ready wit, with a rare musical her school and in her social life I can say without reser- gift, she added to them all the greatest of all-love ; and vation that a truer, purer, sweeter life it has never been it now is no strange thing that her thousands of child- my privilege to know, and I knew her intimately in all lovers and friends are saddened with a deep sense of loss.. three of these relations since she began her work as a Those nearer ones who have reveled in her witty stories teacher. Beautiful in person, gracious and charming in and merriment, listened to her sweet songs and shared her manner with a gentle, lovable disposition, she made close friendship are now stunned and sick at heart. By her school a home for the children, who loved her ; the measure of our sorrow do we know of her worth. and her womanly accomplishments and those of her sister Miss Mann's whole self was so expressed in her work made their home all that that word implies to the dear that the woman can scarcely be thought of apart ones to whom it was always a pleasure to them both to from the inspiring, graceful teacher of music. While minister. Frances Kennedy's life was one long act of insisting on fundamentals in theory, she desired musical, loving devotion. Indeed the keynote of her nature was artistic singing beyond all else. The cultivation of the devotion-dévotion the rarest, the sublimest, never failing child's esthetic nature through music was her passion. She devotion, to the sister from whom in life as in death she will be especially missed by the timid young teacher and was not separated, and to theAhome circle which has in- the unmusical one who found her such a patient, kindly deed lost its life and light. In this hour of anguish those dear ones have the heart- leader. felt sympathy of all who know their terrible affliction, and that means the host of friends and acquaintances who GERTRUDE FALKENSTEIN. mourn with them the loss of those two beautiful young women,'whose lives have been and whose memories shall Harrison School . continue to be a benediction and an inspiration? Gertrude A. Falkenstein, a teacher in the Harrison VI : School, who perished together with her niece, Lillian AGNES R. KENNEDY, Rothe, in the Iroquois fire, was graduated from the South Division High School in 1895. Fuller School . After completing a course at the Normal School, she Agnes R. Kennedy, who lost her life in the Iroquois was assigned as a cadet at the Yale School, where she re- theater fire, spent her whole life, practically, in the mained until regularly assigned at the Harrison. Chicago public schools. She was a graduate of the Her work as a cadet was deserving of much praise. She Douglas Elementary school and the South Division High was ever willing and unselfish in her efforts to perform the school. In November, 1892, she received her assignment as many tedious tasks which enter into the life of a cadet. a teacher in the M.W. Fuller school, in which school her About two years ago she was asked to take the un- entire life as a teacher was spent. Being of a bright, sunny graded room at the Harrison School. This room was com- nature, she endeared herself to all with whom she was as- posed of foreign pupils and many who were weak minded. sociated. Her whole life was filled with acts which show They ranged from seven to nineteen years of age. Her her loyalty and devotion to the children whom she taught, work with them was indeed wonderful. Her whole inter- so , faithfully and so well. She lived for others, not for est was in these children and in order to be of more use self. Her every act portrayed the noble Christian char- to them she studied the Italian language. Theirs is indeed acter which she bore. Eternity alone can reveal the sweet, a great loss . We join with all who knew and loved Miss gentle influence which she exerted. Of her it can be said Falkenstein in offering our heartfelt sympathy to the dear that although dead, she still lives. ones left to mourn her loss. 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 43 MINNIE H. SCHAFFNER. MRS. MARY A. STRAWBRIDGE, Forestville School, Teacher of Sowing. Miss Minnie H. Schaffner was born in Warren, Ohio, Mrs. Mary Adell Strawbridge was a sewing teacher in but received her education in Chicago at the Brown School the Household Arts Department for several years. She and the West Division High School, graduating from the also taught sewing in the night schools and was actively latter in 1887. She was prepared for teaching when eight- engaged in church industrial work Saturdays. She will be een and had to wait until she was nineteen. She taught in missed by hundreds of girls to whom she was a guide in the Wicker Park School for three years and in the Forest- the womanly accomplishment of sewing . ville School since September, 1891. In person delicate, gentle and gracious, her influence was always for the noble and true. The teachers realize that her friendship was very precious to them and the chil- ANNOUNCEMENTS . dren fortunate to be under her instruction remember her with respect and love. THE SUPPLEMENT. Miss Schaffner was always a student and a woman of culture and great refinement. The memory of her will Extra copies of the supplement with this issue of The always be a delight filling our hearts with kindly feeling Bulletin can be had at five cents each; or, to include The and noble purpose. Bulletin, for ten cents. Postpaid. Address orders to this office. ADELINE C. HOFFEINS. Drummond School . We acknowledge with grateful appreciation the kindness Adeline C. Hoffeins, 292 Haddon avenue, who was one of the Record-Herald which has furnished us with most of the Iroquois fire victims, was graduated from the North- west Division High School in the class of '97. She was a of the cuts in this issue. happy, bright and energetic girl, thoroughly loved by her We desire to return our thanks to those who kindly classmates, friends and fellowworkers. She was a teacher furnished these sketches of their lost friends and co- at the Drummond School, where her loss is keenly felt. workers. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN MARY HARBAUGH . •O'Toole School . CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION. Mary Harbaugh spent her early life in Joliet. She grad- The regular meeting of the Chicago Teachers' Federation uated from the Joliet High School in 1892, after which will be held Saturday, January 16th, 10:30 a. m., Fuller- she taught school for some time and then studied kinder- ton Hall, Art Institute. garten work. Her two sisters, Harriet Harbaugh and Owing to the recent disaster in the Iroquois theater Mrs. Rose Harbaugh Stafford, were with her when she met her death and are both badly injured. business will be suspended and the meeting consist Mary Harbaugh was a girl of strong character and entirely of memorial exercises for the teachers and chil- quiet, unassuming manner. She was an earnest student dren who perished in that fire. The program will be and a sincere, faithful friend. announced later. JOSEPHINE NICHOLS, ALMA GUSTAVSON. Corresponding Secretary. Marsh School . CHICAGO TEACHERS' CLUB. Miss Alma E. Gustavson was born Jan. 28, 1878. She graduated from the South Chicago High School in 1897 . Regular monthly meeting of Chicago Teachers' Club Sat- In 1898 she was appointed as cadet in the Gallistel School urday, January 9. and assigned as teacher to the J. L. Marsh School in 1899. Luncheon will be served at 1 o'clock. Musical program She was a teacher of exceptional ability and her most at 2:30 o'clock. lovable disposition endeared her to everyone. Places for luncheon may be reserved by addressing Miss Mary E. Reynolds, 401 West Sixty-fourth street. Price AMY OWENS, per plate, 35 cents. Admission to non-members, 15 cents. Curtis School. EMILY A. HAYWARD, Cor. Sec. Miss Owens was for several years a teacher in the Jones school, coming there from the Parkside. When she took a "leave of absence" for the purpose of making a visit to Honolulu, where her brothers are engaged in business, it was with the intention of returning to service John Hancock Mutual Life Insurance Co. in the Jones, but various circumstances determined her BOSTON , MASS . assignment to the Curtis instead. At both schools she was Insurance in force December 31, 1902, $288,358,118.00. a successful teacher, meeting the problems of school life The JOHN HANCOCK is mutual, both in Name with a cheeriness of heart and an earnestness of purpose and in Fact. It has no Stockholders, but which overcome all obstacles . is par excellence the Policyholder's Com- Teachers, principals and pupils all mourn her loss and pany. All JOHN HANCOCK Folicy Forms it is hard to realize that we shall see her no more in this have Dividend and Cash Surrender Value life. Privileges. District Office: Suite 840 to 870 Monon Building, CARRIE SAYRE, 324 Dearborn Street. 7 Bradwell School . Phone, Harrison 416. ALFRED GREEN, Superintendent. Miss Carrie Sayre, who perished in the Iroquos Theater fire, was a teacher in the Myra Bradwell School. She was born at Port Austin, Mich., near Saginaw Bay, and received her education at the Ypsilanti State Normal School and later at the Valparaiso State Normal School Principals or Teachers of Indiana. She taught in the Myra Bradwell School for sixteen years and was much beloved by principal, teachers Mayhaveuse of carriages at reduced rates. and pupils. She was highly cultured and an elocutionist Address UNDER LETTER, care FEDERATION of marked ability. She had an amiable disposition, was a pleasant companion and a loving sister. A host of friends BULLETIN, 437 Unity Building. 5 mourn her sad fate. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 7 FEDERAL The First TRUST & SAVINGS National $2,000,000 CAPITAL BANK $500,000 SURPLUS A Banking, Savings and Trust Company Bank business transacted. We invite interviews or correspondence from individuals, firms or corporations contemplating making changes or opening is now new accounts . OFFICERS. DIRECTORS. located in its Thomas P. Phillips, E. H. Gary, Chairman, President. Charles Deering, new office , NathanG. Moore, Vice President and W. J. Chalmers. Alfred H. Mulliken. Counsel. C. B. Shedd. Charles S. Castle, A. E. Musbaum. Cashier. T. P. Phillips. F, J. Scheidenhelm, Norman B. Ream. 119 Asst. Cashier. Edwin L. Wagner, Asst. Cashier. NathanG. Moore. E. J. Buffington. D. W. Burrows. Irying J. Shuart, W. E. Phillips. Secretary. J. N. Vance. Monroe St. N. E. Cor. La Salle and Adams Streets. NORTH CHICAGO THE BUSINESS COLLEGE NORTH AMERICAN 444 Garfield Avenue Near Lincoln and Cleveland Aves. REVIEW Business, Shorthand and HE mostnotable literary eventof the Typewriting, English THE year 1904 will be the serial publi cation in THE NORTH AMERICAN and two years' High School Departments. REVIEW of a new novel, "The Son of DAY AND EVENING SESSIONS Royal Langbrith," by William Dean Howells,beginningintheJanuarynumber Positions:-Demand for our competent stu- dents exceeds the supply. 1 year $80.00, 3 mos. $25.00, 6 mos. $45.00 Night School, $10.00 3 mos. 50centsacopy;$5.00ayear Graduates of high schools unable to pay in advance, may pay after securing a position. Competency in 6 months . The North American Review, C. C. COCHRAN, FRANKLIN SQUARE, N. Y. Principal and Proprietor. 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. E offer a SERVICE to every busy man and woman-a WE service necessary to general information and personal progress-a great time- saving service. We carefully review for you the leading magazines and other periodicals of the United States and Europe, gleaning from them the most interesting, instructive and valu- able portions. We select the ablest writings on Science, World-Politics, Business, Literature, Art, Music, the Drama, Invention; the best Poetry; the best articles on Sport, Recreation and Adventure-the many subjects would make a long list. We also review and describe the latest and best books, giving publisher and price. All this information is gathered together, with much care and skill, bound under one cover, and mailed to your address each month. CURRENT LITERATURE PUBLISHING CO . 34 W. 26th Street, NEW YORK . NON IS THE TIME To Secure the New 1903 Edition of Ridpath's History of the United States 50% less than ever sold before-sets sent on approval-an easyway to get this matchless set of books-a necessity in every American home The name of Dr. Ridpath, our greatest historian, is known from : Main to California, and this sweeping reduction places for the first time within the reach of every intelligent American the graphic : story of the heroic deeds of our forefathers as only he can tell it. UNIVERSALLY COMMENDED- FASCINATING AS A ROMANCE. This is the only history endorsed by such scholars and thinkers as the late President McKinley; ex-President White of Cornell; Prof. Churchill of Oberlin; Dr. Buckley of the Christian Advocate; Hezekiah Butterworth, former editor Youth's Companion; W. R. Houghton, A. M. , Professor of History, Indiana University; Prof. Bennett, Boston University; Prof. Edwards of McKendee; W. D. Wilson. D. D. LL. D., Registrar ofCornell, and thousands of other famous men and women who have born witness to its absorbing interest and value. THE NEW 1903 IMPERIAL EDITION 1 Revised and enlarged into Five Superb Royal Octavo Volumes-Lavishly Illustrated-contains our country's history from earliest times to date, and has been enriched by hundreds of new Map Race Charts, Chronological-Charts and text illustrations, together with over 100 full-page photogravures and half-tone Etchings of Famous Historical Paintings by Trumbull, Chapman and other great artists, making it the most valuable collection of historical illustrations ever embodied in anywork. D. A. McKINLAY & CO., New York SUPPLEMENT TO THE CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN , JANUARY, 8, 1904. Resignation. There is no flock however watched and tended But one dead lamb is there! There is no fireside, howso'er defended, But has one vacant chair! The Air is full of farewells to the dying, And mournings to the dead; The heart of Rachel, for her Children crying, Will not be comforted! Let us be patient! These severe afflictions Not from the ground arise, But oftentimes celestial benedictions Assume this dark disguise. We see but dimly through the mists and vapors; Amid these earthly damps , What seem to us but sad funereal tapers May be heaven's distant lamps . There is no Death! What seems so is transition, This life of mortal breath Is but a suburb of the life elysian, Whose portal we call Death. She is not dead, -the child of our affection,- But gone unto that school Where she no longer needs our poor protection, And Christ himself doth rule. And though at times impetuous with emotion And Anguish long suppressed, The swelling heart heaves moaning like the ocean, That cannot be at rest,- We will be patient, and assuage the feeling We may not wholly stay, By silence, sanctifying, not concealing The grief that must have way. Longfellow. PAULINE GEARY, SABINE EGER, DAISY Felsenthal School. Moseley School. ELLA LAWRENCE, Farragut School. MINNIE H. SCHAFFNER , IRENE FORT, Forestville School. Bradwell School . AGNES KENNEDY, Fuller School. ROSE K. RO PEARL B. MILLS, MAR EDNA M. TORNEY, CARRIE SAYRE, И Bradwell School. Wadsworth School. Throop School. CHICAGO TEACHERS WHO PERISHED IN ANNA REIDY, MARIA T. MEAGHER, STON, Pickard School . Schiller School. LUCY SILL, Calumet High School. DORA MITCHELL, FLORENCE TOBIAS, Darwin School. Jefferson School. FRANCES KENNEDY, Hendricks School. rson School. STER, MARY STRAWBRIDGE, ALICE WELTON, ELIZABETH ZIMMERMAN, bol. Sewing Teacher. Scanlan School . Ericsson School. DQUOIS THEATRE FIRE, DECEMBER 30, 1903 ADELINE HOFFEINS, Drummond School. EMMA D. MANN, SUSAN I. CLAY, Supervisor of Music. Gallistel School. FLORENCE WHITE, AMY OWENS, Ray School. Curtis School. MILLIE J. CROCKER, Oakland School. GERTRUDE FALKENSTEIN, ALMA GUSTAVSON, ELLIE FAIR, Harrison School . Marsh School .. Gallistel School. ( CHICAGO TEACHERS WHO PERISHED IN THE IROQUOIS THEATRE FIRE, DECEMBER 30, 1903 Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin 100 Vol. 3. CHICAGO , JANUARY 15, 1904. No. 7. EDUCATIONAL METHODS. We are impatient with the schools which lay all From "Democracy and Social Ethics." stress on reading and writing, suspecting them to rest upon the assumption that the ordinary experi- BY JANE ADDAMS. ence of life is worth little and that all knowledge As democracy modifies our conception of life it and interest must be brought to the children through constantly raises the value and function of each the medium of books. Such an assumption fails to member of the community, however humble he may give the child any clew to the life about him or be. We have come to believe that the most "brutish any power usefully or intelligently to connect him- man" has a value in our common life, a function to self with it. This may be illustrated by observations perform which can be fulfilled by no one else. We made in a large Italian colony situated in Chicago, are gradually requiring of the educator that he shall the children from which are, for the most part, free the powers of each man and connect him with sent to the public schools. the rest of life. We ask this not merely because The members of the Italian colony are largely it is the man's right to be thus connected, but be- from south Italy-Calabrian and Sicilian peasants , cause we have become convinced that the social or Neapolitans from the workingmen's quarters of order cannot afford to get along without his special that city. They have come to America with the dis- contribution. Just as we have come to resent all tinct aim of earning money and finding more room hindrances which keep us from untrammeled com- for the energies of themselves and their children. radeship with our fellows, and as we throw down In almost all cases they mean to go back again , unnatural divisions, not in the spirit of the simply because their imaginations cannot picture a eighteenth century reformers, but in the spirit of continuous life away from the old surroundings . those to whom social equality has become a necessity Their experiences in Italy have been those of simple for further social development, so we are impatient outdoor activity, and their ideas have come directly to use the dynamic power residing in the mass of to them from their struggle with nature-such a men and demand that the educator free that power. hand-to-hand struggle as takes place when each We believe that man's moral idealism is the con- man gets his living largely through his own cultiva- structive force of progress, as it has always been ; tion of the soil or with tools simply fashioned by but because every human being is a creative agent his own hands. The women, as in all primitive life, and a possible generator of fine enthusiasm we are have had more diversified activities than the men. skeptical of the moral idealism of the few and de- They have cooked, spun and knitted, in addition to mand the education of the many, that there may be their almost equal work in the fields. Very few greater freedom, strength and subtility of inter- of the peasant men or women can either read or course and hence an increase of dynamic power. write. They are devoted to their children, strong We are not content to include all men in our hopes, in their family feeling, even to remote relationships, but have become conscious that all men are hoping and clannish in their community life. and are part of the same movement of which we are a part. The entire family has been upheaved and is striv- ing to adjust itself to its new surroundings. The Many people impelled by these ideas have become men for the most part work on railroad extensions impatient with the slow recognition on the part of through the summer, under the direction of a the educators of their manifest obligation to prepare padrone, who finds the work for them, regulates the and nourish the child and the citizen for social rela- amount of their wages and supplies them with food. tions. The educators should certainly conserve the The first effect of immigration upon the women learning and training necessary for the successful is that of idleness. They no longer work in the individual and family life, but should add to that fields, nor milk the goats, nor pick up faggots. The a preparation for the enlarged social efforts which mother of the family buys all the clothing, not only our increasing democracy requires. The democratic already spun and woven, but made up into garments ideal demands of the school that it shall give the of a cut and fashion beyond her powers. It is, in- child's own experience a social value; that it shall deed, the most economical thing for her to do. Her teach him to direct his own activities and adjust housecleaning and cooking are of the simplest the them to those of other people. We are not willing bread is usually baked outside of the house and that thousands of industrial workers shall put all the macaroni bought prepared for boiling. All of of their activity and toil into services from which those outdoor and domestic activities which she the community as a whole reaps the benefit, while would naturally have handed on to her daughters their mental conceptions and code of morals are have slipped away from her. The domestic arts are narrow and untouched by any uplift which the con- gone, with their absorbing interest for the children, sciousness of social value might give them. their educational value and incentive to activity. A 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. household in a tenement receives almost no raw Italian peasant comes from a life of picking olives material. For the hundreds of children who have and oranges, and he easily sends his children out never seen wheat grow there are dozens who have to pick up coal from the railroad tracks, or wood never seen bread baked. The occasional washings from buildings which have been burned down. Un- and scrubbings are associated only with discomfort. fortunately, this process leads by easy transition to The child of such a family receives constant stimu- petty thieving. It is easy to go from the coal on the lus of most exciting sort from his city street life, railroad track to the coal and wood which stand but he has little or no opportunity to use his ener- before a dealer's shop ; from the potatoes which gies in domestic manufacture, or, indeed, construc- have rolled from a rumbling wagon to the vege- tively in any direction. No activity is supplied to tables displayed by the grocer. This is apt to be take the place of that which, in Italy, he would the record of the boy who responds constantly to the naturally have found in his own surroundings, and stimulus and temptations of the street, although no new union with wholesome life is made for him. in the beginning his search for bits of food and fuel Italian parents count upon the fact that their was prompted by the best of motives. children learn the English language and American The school has to compete with a great deal from customs before they do themselves, and the children the outside in addition to the distractions of the act not only as interpreters of the language, but as neighborhood. Nothing is more fascinating than buffers between them and Chicago, resulting in a that mysterious "down town," whither the boy longs certain almost pathetic dependence of the family to go to sell papers and black boots, to attend the- upon the child. When a child of the family, there- aters, and, if possible, to stay all night on the pre- fore, first goes to school the event is fraught with tense of waiting for the early edition of the great much significance to all the others. The family has dailies. If a boy is once thoroughly caught in these no social life in any structural form and can supply excitements, nothing can save him from over-stimu- none to the child. He ought to get it in the school lation and consequent debility and worthlessness ; and give it to his family, the school thus becoming he arrives at maturity with no habits of regular work the connector with the organized society about them. and with a distaste for its dullness . It is the children aged six, eight and ten who go to On the other hand, there are hundreds of boys school, entering, of course, the primary grades . of various nationalities who conscientiously remain If a boy is twelve or thirteen on his arrival in in school and fulfill all the requirements of the early America, his parents see in him a wage- earning grades, and at the age of fourteen are found in fac- factor, and the girl of the same age is already look- tories, painstakingly performing their work year ing toward her marriage. after year. These latter are the men who form the Let us take one of these boys who has learned in mass of the population in every industrial neighbor- his six or eight years to speak his native language, hood of every large city; but they carry on the and to feel himself strongly identified with the for- industrial process year after year without in the tunes of his family. Whatever interest has come to least knowing what it is all about. The one fixed the minds of his ancestors has come through the habit which the boy carries away with him from use of their hands in the open air; and open air school to the factory is the feeling that his work is and activity of body have been the inevitable ac- merely provisional. In school the next grade was companiments of all their experiences. Yet the first continually held before him as an object of attain- thing that the boy must do when he reaches school is ment, and it resulted in the conviction that the sole to sit still, at least part of the time, and he must object of present effort is to get ready for something learn to listen to what is said to him, with all the else. This tentative attitude takes the last bit of perplexity of listening to a foreign tongue. He does social stimulus out of his factory work; he pursues not find this very stimulating, and is slow to respond it merely as a necessity, and his very mental attitude to the more subtle incentives of the schoolroom . destroys his chance for a realization of its social The peasant child is perfectly indifferent to showing value. As a boy in school he contracted the habit of off and making a good recitation. He leaves all that doing his work in certain hours and taking his pleas- to his school fellows, who are more sophisticated and ure in certain other hours, so in the factory he earns equipped with better English. His parents are not his money by ten hours of dull work and spends it deeply interested in keeping him in school and in three hours of lurid and unprofitable pleasure in will not hold him there against his inclination . the evening. Both in the school and in the factory, Their experience does not point to the good Ameri- in proportion as his work grows dull and monoton- can tradition that it is the educated man who finally ous, his recreation must become more exciting and succeeds. The richest man in the Italian colony stimulating. The hopelessness of adding evening can neither read nor write-even Italian. His cun- classes and social entertainments as a mere frill to ning and acquisitiveness, combined with the credul- to a day filled with monotonous and deadening ity and ignorance of his countrymen , have slowly drudgery constantly becomes more apparent to those brought about his large fortune. The child himself who are endeavoring to bring a fuller life to the may feel the stirring of a vague ambition to go industrial members of the community, and who are on until he is as the other children are; but he is locking forward to a time when work shall cease to not popular with his school fellows and he sadly be senseless drudgery with no self-expression on feels the lack of dramatic interest. Even the pic- the part of the worker. It sometimes seems that the tures and objects presented to him, as well as the public schools should contribute much more than language, are strange. they do to the consummation of this time. If the If we admit that in education it is necessary to be- army of school children who enter the factories every gin with the experiences which the child already has year possessed thoroughly vitalized faculties they and to use his spontaneous and social activity, then might do much to lighten this incubus of dull fac- the city streets begin this education for him in a tory work which presses so heavily upon so large a more natural way than does the school. The south number of our fellow citizens. Has our commer CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 3 cialism been so strong that our schools have be- meaning purchases may be made and an unmeaning come insensibly commercialized, whereas we sup- social standing obtained. posed that our industrial life was receiving the The son of a workingman who is successful in broadening and illuminating effects of the schools ? commercial life impresses his family and neighbors The training of these children so far as it has been quite as does the prominent city man when he comes vocational at all has been in the direction of cleri- back to dazzle his native town. The children of the cal work. It is possible that the business men , working people learn many useful things in the whom we in America so tremendously admire, have public schools, but the commercial arithmetics and really been dictating the curriculum of our public many other studies are founded on the tacit assump- schools, in spite of the conventions of educators and tion that a boy rises in life by getting away from the suggestions of university professors. The busi- manual labor-that every promising boy goes into ness man, of course, has not said, " I will have the business or a profession. The children destined for public schools train office boys and clerks so that factory life are furnished with what would be most I may have them easily and cheaply," but he has useful under other conditions, quite as the prosper- sometimes said, " Teach the children to write legibly ous farmer's wife buys a folding bed for her huge and to figure accurately and quickly ; to acquire four - cornered "spare room," because her sister, who habits of punctuality and order; to be prompt to has married a city man, is obliged to have a folding obey; and you will fit them to make their way in bed in the cramped limits of her flat. Partiy be- the world as I have made mine." Has the working- cause so little is done for him educationally and part- man been silent as to what he desires for his children ly because he must live narrowly and dress meanly, and allowed the business man to decide for him the life of the average laborer tends to become flat there, as he has allowed the politician to manage his and monotonous, with nothing in his work to feed municipal affairs, or has the workingman so far his mind or hold his interest. Theoretically we shared our universal optimism that he has really would all admit that the man at the bottom, who believed that his children would never need to go performs the meanest and humblest work, so long into industrial life at all, but that all of his sons as the work is necessary, performs a useful function would become bankers and merchants ? but we do not live up to our theories, and in addi- tion to his hard and uninteresting work he is covered Certain it is that no sufficient study has been made with a sort of contempt, and unless he falls into ill- of the child who enters into industrial life early ness or trouble he receives little sympathy or atten- and stays there permanently, to give him some offset tion. Certainly no serious effort is made to give to its monotony and dullness, some historic signifi- him a participation in the social and industrial life cance of the part he is taking in the life of the with which he comes in contact, nor any insight and community. inspiration regarding it. It is at least on behalf of the average workingman 1 Apparently we have not yet recovered manual that our increasing democracy impels us to make a labor from the deep distrust which centuries of new demand upon the educator. As the political slavery and the feudal system have cast upon it. expression of democracy has claimed for the work- To get away from menial work, to do obviously little ingman the free right of citizenship, so a code of with one's hands is still the desirable status. This social ethics is now insisting that he shall be a con- may readily be seen all along the line. A work- scious member of society, having some notion of his * ingman's family will make every effort and sacri- social and industrial value. fice that the brightest daughter be sent to the high The early ideal of a city that it was a market- school and through the normal school, quite as much place in which to exchange produce and a mere trad- because a teacher in the family raises the general ing-post for merchants apparently still survives in social standing and sense of family consequence as our minds and is constantly reflected in our schools. that the returns are superior to factory or even office We have either failed to realize that cities have work. " Teacher" in the vocabulary of many chil- become great centers of production and manufacture dren is a synonym for women-folk gentry, and the in which a huge population is engaged, or we have name is indiscriminately applied to women of certain lacked sufficient presence of mind to adjust ourselves dress and manner. The same desire for social ad- to the change. We admire much more the men vancement is expressed by the purchasing of a who accumulate riches and who gather to them- piano or the fact that the son is an office boy and not selves the results of industry, than the men who a factory hand. The overcrowding of the profes- actually carry forward industrial processes ; and, as sions by poorly equipped men arises from much the has been pointed out, our schools still prepare chil- same source, and from the conviction that " an edu- dren almost exclusively for commercial and pro- cation" is wasted if a boy goes into a factory or a fessional life. shop. Quite as the country boy dreams of leaving the A Chicago manufacturer tells a story of twin farm for life in town and begins early to imitate boys, whom he befriended and meant to give a start the traveling salesman in dress and manner, so the in life. He sent them both to the Athenaeum for school boy within the town hopes to be an office boy, several winters as a preparatory business training and later a clerk or salesman, and looks upon work and then took them into his office, where they speed- in the factory as the occupation of ignorant and un- ily became known as the bright one and the stupid successful men. The schools do so little really to one. The stupid one was finally dismissed after re- interest the child in the life of production or to ex- peated trials, when, to the surprise of the entire es- cite his ambition in the line of industrial occupation tablishment, he quickly betook himself into the that the ideal of life, almost from the very begin- shops, where he became a wide-awake and valuable ning, becomes not an absorbing interest in one's workman. His chagrined benefactor, in telling the work and a consciousness of its value and social story, admits that he himself had fallen a victim to relation, but a desire for money with which un- (Continued on page 5.) CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION THE TEACHERS' CASE . BULLETIN Judge Dunne was not hearing cases this week, Official Organ of the Chiorso Tonchers' Federation . being absent from the city. The teachers' case, which was to come before him, will not be heard Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Dlinois, as Second-Class Matter, till Feb. 3. December 23, 1991. THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED BY BOARD OF EDUCA- year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of TION JANUARY 6. AprilandDecember. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Pity Cents per year. copies, Five Cents . Single "The City of Chicago has been visited by many terrible ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received fires, but by none so terrible as the fire in the Iroquois by Tuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. theater Wednesday afternoon, Dec. 30, 1903. In one brief ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to quarter of an hour, in one small room, three times as many the order of the Federation Bulletin. lives were lost as in the great conflagration of 1871. Among THE EDITOR , the dead are many teachers and pupils of the schools of 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO. Chicago. Thirty-nine teachers and ninety-six pupils per- Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. ished, and everyone connected with the schools mourns the loss of friend or relative. " The board of education, although realizing that it can- MEMORIAL MEETING . not estimate its loss, and that no words can bring comfort to the bereaved homes of Chicago, desires to express its The regular meeting of the Chicago Teachers' profound sympathy with the kindred and friends of the Federation will be held Saturday, Jan. 16, at 10:30 teachers and pupils whose lives were sacrificed." o'clock at Fullerton Hall, Art Institute. The superintendent made the official report regarding the loss of teachers and pupils as follows : No business will be transacted, the entire time The superintendent of schools respectfully reports that being devoted to memorial exercises in memory of at the fire at the Iroquois theater on Dec. 30, 1903, many teachers and pupils in the Chicago public schools perished, the teachers and children who lost their lives in the or afterward died from the injuries received there ; and Iroquois Theater fire Dec. 30. The following pro- reports herewith a list, prepared with as much accuracy as is possible at this date, of the names of such teachers, gram has been arranged : together with those of the pupils who met their death in the fire. Song " Lead, Kindly Light" . Dykes LIST OF CHILDREN LOST IN IROQUOIS FIRE. Chorus of Teachers . High School Pupils . Introductory Remarks . Miss Louie L. Kilbourn, Pres. C. T. F. Bagley, Helen. Martin, Harold. Solo-" The Lord is My Shepherd" ... Liddle Baker, Adelaide. McCaughan, Helen. Miss May M. Farrell. Bickford, Glenn. Olsen, Elvira. Address . Bickford, Helen. Oxname, Florence. Mrs. Harriette Taylor Treadwell. Byrne, Concilia. Pack, Ethel W. Cummings, Irene. Pond, Raymond L. Solo " Face to Face" . Johnson Davy, Helen. Power, Lilly M. Master Hays Gamble. Dorr, Florence B. Reynolds, Dora L. Address. Elkan, Rose. Schmidt, Rosamond. Miss Jeannette Cronk. Fowler, Elva. Spencer, Josephine. Violin Solo-"Benedictus" .. ...... Mac Kenzie Frackleton , Ella. Weiskopf, Irma. Miss Sigrid Jansen. Howard, Helen. Winder, Paul W. Address . Jackson, Viva R. Miss Jane Addams. Solo-" To Thee we Sing, O Lord" ... .... Secchi Elementary School Pupils. Miss Jeanette R. Holmes. Alexander, Mabel. Pilat, Josephine. "Thanatopsis " . ..W. C. Bryant Barker, Ethel. Ernst, Rose. Mr. James F. O'Connor. Berg, Olga . Frady, Leon . Song "Jesus, Lover of My Soul" . ....... Holbrook Garn, Frank. Audience. Berg, Victor. Bergch, Arthur. Garn, Willie. Boice, Elizabeth. Greenwald, Le Roy. ELIZABETH ZIMMERMAN. Buehrman, Margaret. Gudehus, Sophie. Clayton , J. Vinton. Guerrero, Jennie. Ericsson School. Henning, James. Corbin, Norman. (Received too late for last issue.) Corbin, Vernon. Hennessy, William. We are born but to die . However long our life may be, Dixon, Edna. Hippach, Robert. a day, an hour will come which will be our last, and this Dryden, Taylor. Hire, Eva. hour is already determined. Eisendrath, Natalie. Holst, Allan. -Alphonsus Liquori. Engles, William. Holst, Amy. Elizabeth F. Zimmerman was born in Chicago in 1880, Hovland, Leigh. Holst, Gertrude. and received her entire education in this city. She was Hull, Donald. Pond, Helen. graduated from the Marquette school in 1894, from West Hull, Dwight. Regensburg, Hazel. Division in 1898, and after completing her Normal course Hull, Helen. Reiss , Ernest. cadeted at the McLaren school. Kuebler, Lola . Reynolds , Josephine. She was assigned as a teacher to the Ericsson school in La Rose, Josephine. Rimes, Martin. ICOO, where she worked with untiring zeal and energy. La Rose, Laura. Rimes, Myron. Miss Zimmerman lost her life in the Iroquois theater La Rose, Matilda. Rothe, Lillian . fire on the afternoon of Dec. 30. Lemenager, Dorothy. Schreiner, Arline. Her activity was devoted to good works of every kind, Lemenager, Wallace. Secrist, June. and the influence of her congenial nature will still be felt Ludwig, Carolina A. Shabad, Myrtle. by her many friends . Mahler, Edith. Shabad, Theodore. The name of Bessie Zimmerman will remain indissolubly Martin, Robert B. Schonbeck, Mabel. connected with those with whom she passed the evening of McClure , Lawrence. Specht, Eva. her days . May the sunshine that faded with her young Miller, Willard. Squire, Olive. life serve to brighten the lonely hours that must be en- Murphy, DeWitt . Schwartz , Irene. dured without her, for Oakey, Lucille. Taylor, Reine. "Nothing is our own ; we hold our pleasures Oakey, Marion. Thomas, Remington. Just a little while, ere they are fled ; Page, Harold. Wells , Donald C. One by one life robs us of our treasurers ; Peck, Willis. Wolff , Harriet. Nothing is our own except our Dead. " Persinger, Hewitt. Wunderlich, Helen. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 5 (Continued from page 3.) sage of years without incentive "to imagine, to de- his own business training and his early notion of sign or to aspire." rising in life. In reality he had merely followed the These men are totally untouched by all the edu- lead of most benevolent people who help poor boys. cational and philanthropic machinery which is de- They test the success of their efforts by the number signed for the young and the helpless who live on whom they have taken out of factory work into the same streets with them. They do not often some other and "higher occupation." drink to excess, they regularly give all their wages Quite in line with this commercial ideal are the to their wives, they have a vague pride in their night schools and institutions of learning most ac- superior children; but they grow prematurely old cessible to working people. First among them is the and stiff in their muscles and become more and more business college which teaches largely the mechan- taciturn, their entire energies consumed in "holding ism of typewriting and bookkeeping and lays all a job." stress upon commerce and methods of distribution. Various attempts have been made to break Commodities are treated as exports and imports, or through the inadequate educational facilities sup- solely in regard to their commercial value, and not, plied by commercialism and scholarship, both of of course, in relation to their historic development which have followed their own ideals and have or the manufacturing processes to which they have failed to look at the situation as it actually presents been subjected. These schools do not in the least itself. The most noteworthy attempt has been the minister to the needs of the actual factory employe, movement toward industrial education, the agitation who is in the shop and not in the office. We assume for which has been ably seconded by manufacturers that all men are searching for "puddings and power," of a practical type, who have from time to time to use Carlyle's phrase, and furnish only the schools founded the endowed technical schools designed for which help them to those ends. workingmen's sons. The early schools of this type The business college man, or even the man who inevitably reflected the ideal of the self-made man . goes through an academic course in order to pre- They succeeded in transferring a few skilled workers pare for a profession, comes to look on learning into the class of trained engineers, and a few less too much as an investment from which he will later skilled workers into the upper class of trained me- reap the benefits in earning money. He does not chanics , but did not aim to educate the many who connect learning with industrial pursuits, nor does are doomed to the unskilled work which the per- he in the least lighten or illuminate those pursuits manent specialization of the division of labor de- for those of his friends who have not risen in life. mands. "It is as though nets were laid at the entrance to The Peter Coopers and other good men honestly education, in which those who by some means or believed that if intelligence could be added to indus- other escape from the masses bowed down by labor try each workingman who faithfully attended these are inevitably caught and held from substantial serv- schools could walk into increased skill and wages, ice to their fellows." The academic teaching which and in time even become an employer himself. Such is accessible to workingmen through university ex- schools are useful beyond doubt ; but so far as edu- tension lectures and classes at settlements is usually cating workingmen is concerned or in any measure bookish and remote, and concerning subjects com- satisfying the democratic ideal, they plainly beg pletely divorced from their actual experiences. The the question. men come to think of learning as something to be Almost every large city has two or three poly- added to the end of a hard day's work and to be technic institutions founded by rich men anxious gained at the cost of toilsome mental exertion. to help "poor boys." These have been captured by There are, of course, exceptions, but many men conventional educators for the purpose of fitting who persist in attending classes and lectures year young men for the college and universities. They after year find themselves possessed of a mass of have compromised by merely adding to the usual inert knowledge which nothing in their experience academic course manual work, applied mathematics, fuses into availability or realization . mechanical drawing and engineering. Two schools Among the many disappointments which the set- in Chicago, plainly founded for the sons of work- tlement experiment has brought to its promoters ingmen, afford an illustration of this tendency and perhaps none is keener than the fact that they have result. On the other hand, so far as schools of this as yet failed to work out methods of education, spe- type have been captured by commercialism, they cialized and adapted to the needs of adult working turn out trained engineers, professional chemists and people in contra-distinction to those employed in electricians. They are polytechnics of a high order, schools and colleges or those used in teaching chil- but do not even pretend to admit the workingman dren. There are many excellent reasons and ex- with his meager intellectual equipment. They grad- planations for this failure. In the first place, the uate machine builders, but do not educate machine residents themselves are for the most part imbued tenders. Even the textile schools are largely seized with academic methods and ideals, which it is most by young men who expect to be superintendents of difficult to modify. To quote from a late settle- factories, designers or manufacturers themselves, ment report, "The most vaunted educational work and the textile worker who actually "holds the in settlements amounts often to the stimulation men- thread" is seldom seen in them; indeed, in one of tally of a select few who are, in a sense, of the the largest schools women are not allowed, in spite academic type of mind, and who easily and quickly of the fact that spinning and weaving have tradi- respond to the academic methods employed. " These tionally been woman's work and that thousands of classes may be valuable, but they leave quite un- women are at present employed in the textile mills. touched the great mass of the factory population, the It is much casier to go over the old paths of ordinary workingman of the ordinary workingman's education with "manual training" thrown in, as it street, whose attitude is best described as that of were; it is much simpler to appeal to the old am- " acquiescence," who lives through the aimless pas- bitions of "getting on in life, " or of "preparing for 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. a profession, " or "for a commercial career," than to young and the promising, and the philanthropists work out new methods on democratic lines. These with the criminals and helpless . schools gradually drop back into the conventional There is a pitiful failure to recognize the situation courses, modified in some slight degree, while the in which the majority of working people are placed, adoption of workingmen's needs is never made, nor, a tendency to ignore their real experience and needs, indeed, vigorously attempted. In the meantime and, most stupid of all, we leave quite untouched the manufacturers continually protest that engineers , affections and memories which would afford a tre- especially trained for devising machines, are not mendous dynamic if they were utilized. satisfactory. Three generations of workers have We constantly hear it said in educational circles invented, but we are told that invention no longer that a child learns only by "doing" and that educa- goes on in the workshop, even when it is artificially tion must proceed "through the eyes and hands to stimulated by the offer of prizes, and that the in- the brain" ; and yet for the vast number of people ventions of the last quarter of the nineteenth century all around us who do not need to have activities arti- have by no means fulfilled the promise of the earlier ficially provided and who use their hands and eyes three-quarters . all the time we do not seem able to reverse the proc- Every foreman in a large factory has had experi- ess. We quote the dictum, "What is learned in the ence with two classes of men-first, with those who schoolroom must be applied in the workshop," and become rigid and tolerate no change in their work, yet the skill and handicraft constantly used in the partly because they make more money "working by workshop have no relevance or meaning given to the piece," when they stick to that work which they them by the school; and when we do try to help the have learned to do rapidly, and partly because the workingman in an educational way we completely entire muscular and nervous system has become by ignore his everyday occupation. Yet the task is daily use adapted to particular motions and resents merely one of adaptation. It is to take actual con- change. Secondly, there are the men who float in ditions and to make them the basis for a large and and out of the factory in a constantly changing generous method of education, to perform a difficult stream. They "quit work" for the slightest reason idealization doubtless, but not an impossible one. or none at all, and never become skilled at anything. Some of them are men of low intelligence, but many of them are merely too nervous and restless, The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teach- too impatient, too easily "driven to drink," to be of any use in a modern factory. They are the men for ers' Federation will meet Monday, January 18, at whom the demanded adaptation is impossible. 4 p. m. , in Room 437, Unity Bldg. The individual from whom the industrial order JOSEPHINE NICHOLS, Cor. Secretary, demands even larger drafts of time and energy 341 S. Forty-third Ave. should be nourished and enriched from social sources in proportion as he is drained. He, more than other men, needs the conception of historic CHICAGO TEACHERS' CLUB . continuity in order to reveal to him the purpose and Regular monthly meeting of Chicago Teachers' Club Sat- utility of his work, and he can only be stimulated urday, January 9. and dignified as he obtains a conception of his Luncheon will be served at I o'clock. Musical program proper relation to society. Scholarship is evidently at 2:30 o'clock. unable to do this for him ; for, unfortunately, the Places for luncheon may be reserved by addressing Miss same tendency to division of labor has also pro- Mary E. Reynolds, 401 West Sixty-fourth street. Price duced over-specialization in scholarship, with the per plate, 35 cents. Admission to non-members, 15 cents. sad result that when the scholar attempts to minister EMILY A. HAYWARD, Cor. Sec. to a worker he gives him the result of more spe- cialization rather than an offset from it. He cannot We hear a great deal about "the vile body," and bring healing and solace because he himself is suf- many are encouraged by the phrase to transgress the fering from the same disease. There is indeed a laws of health. But nature quietly suppresses those deplorable lack of perception and adaptation on the who treat disrespectfully one of her highest prod- part of educators all along the line. ucts, and leaves the world to be peopled by the de- it will certainly be embarrassing to have our age scendants of those who are not so foolish . written down triumphant in the matter of inven- -Herbert Spencer. tions, in that our factories were filled with intricate machines, the result of advancing mathematical and mechanical knowledge in relation to manufacturing IF I CAN SUCCEED processes, but defeated in that it lost its head over the achievement and forgot the men. The accusa- inmaking clear to you what is meant by LOANS BY tion would stand that the age failed to perform a CORRESPONDENCE you will never borrow onany like service in the extension of history and art to otherplan . Address E. B., Federation Bulletin, 437UnityBldg. the factory employes who ran the machines; that the Bypermission Igive this paperas reference. machine tenders, heavy and almost dehumanized by monotonous toil, walked about in the same streets with us and sat in the same cars ; but that we were absolutely indifferent and made no genuine effort LOANS TO TEACHERS to supply to them the artist's perception or student's By a Teacher insight, which alone could fuse them into social AT LIVE AND LET LIVE LOW RATES consciousness . It would further stand that the "Wherewithal" and no tattling. scholars among us continued with yet more research, L. A. care FEDERATION BULLETIN, 437 UNITY BUILDING that the educators were concerned only with the CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 7 FEDERAL The First TRUST & SAVINGS * i National $2,000,000 CAPITAL BANK SURPLUS $500,000 A Banking, Savings and Trust Company Bank business transacted. We invite interviews or correspondence from individuals, firms or corporations contemplating making changes or opening is now new accounts . OFFICERS. DIRECTORS. located in its Thomas P. Phillips, President. E. H. Gary, Chairman, Charles Deering, NathanG. Moore, W. J. Chalmers. new office, Vice President and Counsel. Alfred H. Mulliken. C. B. Shedd. Charles S. Castle, A. E. Musbaum. Cashier. T. P. Phillips. F. J. Scheidenhelm, Norman B. Ream. Asst. Cashier. NathanG. Moore. 119 Edwin L. Wagner, Asst. Cashier. Irving J. Shuart, E. J. Buffington. D. W. Burrows. W. E. Phillips. Secretary. J. N. Vance. Monroe St. N. E. Cor. La Salle and Adams Streets. Democracy NORTH CHICAGO and Social Ethics BUSINESS COLLEGE 444 Garfield Avenue Near Lincoln and Cleveland Aves. By JANE ADDAMS Business, Shorthand and Head of "Hull House," Chi- Typewriting, English cago; joint author of "Philan- and two years' High School Departments . thropy and Social Progress." DAY AND EVENING SESSIONS Positions :-Demand for our competent stu- MissAddams' Settlement Work is known toall dents exceeds the supply. who are interested in social amelioration and 1 year $80.00, 3 mos. $25.00, 6 mos. $45.00 municipal conditions. As the title of her book Night School, $10.00 3 mos. shows, it will be occupied with the reciprocal Graduates of high schools unable to pay in relations of ethical progress and the growth of democratic thought, sentiment and institutions. advance, may pay after securing a position. Competency in 6 months . 31.25 NET. C. C. COCHRAN, Principal and Proprietor. 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. EVERENOS THE ARE YOU AWARE THAT NORTH AMERICAN The REVIEW JOHN CHURCH CO. 260 WABASH AVE. THEmostnotable literaryeventofthe year 1904 will be the serial publi cation in THE NORTH AMERICAN Allow REVIEW of a new novel, "The Son of Royal Langbrih," by William Dean Special Discounts Howells,beginningintheJanuary number to School Teachers ? 50 cents a copy; $5.00 ayear Write Dept. " S" for Catalogues , Prices, Terms, Etc. The North American Review, HARVARNOS FRANKLIN SQUARE, Ν. Υ. NOW IS THE TIME To Secure the New 1903 Edition of Ridpath's History of the United States 50% less than ever sold before-sets sent on approval-an easyway to get this matchless set of books-a necessity in every American home The name of Dr. Ridpath, our greatest historian, is known from Main to California, and this sweeping reduction places for the first time within the reach of every intelligent American the graphic story of the heroic deeds of our forefathers as only he can tell it. UNIVERSALLY COMMENDED- FASCINATING AS A ROMANCE . This is the only history endorsed by such scholars and thinkers as the late President McKinley; ex-President White of Cornell; Prof. Churchill of Oberlin; Dr. Buckley of the Christian Advocate; Hezekiah Butterworth, former editor Youth's Companion; W. R. Houghton, A. M. , Professor of History, Indiana University; Prof. Bennett, Boston University; Prof. Edwards of McKendee; W. D. Wilson. D. D. LL. D., Registrar of Cornell, and thousands of other famous men and women who have born witness to its absorbing interest and value. THE NEW 1903 IMPERIAL EDITION Revised and enlarged into Five Superb Royal Octavo Volumes- Lavishly Illustrated-contains our country's history from earliest times to date, and hasbeen enriched by hundreds of new Map Race Charts, Chronological-Charte and text illustrations, together with over 100 full-page photogravures and half-tone Etchings of Famous Historical Paintings by Trumbull, Chapman and other great artists, making it the most valuable collection of historical illustrations ever embodied in any work. D. A. McKINLAY & CO., New York Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin CRAPES COUNK 100 Vol. 3. CHICAGO, JANUARY 22, 1904. No. 8. ADDRESS BY HARRIETTE TAYLOR TREADWELL I love thee, yes I love thee, Chicago Teachers' Federation Meeting Jan. 16, 1904 Though thy life be but a day, Like the nodding boughs above thee, Three years ago a rare little spirit floated into the Fair child of the June and May. seventh grade of the Forestville School where I am WALTER BISSINGER. so fortunate as to be the English teacher. February, 1901 . It is my custom to give out daily themes for com- The second is called " The Battle of the Waves," position work, and I soon found that this little lad, written in April, 1901 : Walter Bissinger, instead of handing in the usual THE BATTLE OF THE WAVES . prose composition, more frequently poured forth his I. ideas on the given topic in verse. Not the ordinary Tis night, and the clouds are the heavens o'ercov'ring, ' rhyme, but a poem that showed delicate insight and While Boreas cruel near Neptune is hov'ring ; ability far older than his years, then eleven. The sea- god o'ertaken, He bids them awaken There was a wondrous charm about Walter, all His warriors mighty in splendrous array ; the children loved him dearly so that pain to him So roaring was pain to them, and joy to him was joy to them. And soaring, Awaking. He had a keen sense of humor, and often his gentle Forsaking, chuckling to himself in appreciation of some clever The quiet of night, they prepare for the fray. bit of literature or some cheerful situation in the II . school room brought forth happy ripples from the And donning the armor resplendent and flashing, entire class, so sweet and musical that one felt all On aqueous chargers that forward are dashing the children were saying to him in chorus, " We love And tossing and prancing, you, Walter ; we love you, Walter." The warriors are lancing. With foam crested spears of the sea's shining steel ; When he passed into the eighth grade we were Are riding, paraphrasing Tennyson's Holy Grail and Walter And gliding, turned the entire poem back into beautiful rhythmi- And dying, Defying, cal verse of his own, so dainty, so ringing, so true Until they the lance of the enemy feel. was it that one day as Mr. Kirk listened to his ren- III . dering of a stanza he stepped close beside Walter, Above them the wonderful sword of the lightning and placing his hand on Walter's head he said so Is piercing and flashing and gleaming and brightening ; lovingly, " I'm glad and proud to know you, sir." I The horrible thunder have chosen to read to you two poems by Walter that Doth rend them asunder, Until when the terrible battle is o'er ; you too may have the joy of knowing this little lad Then crying, somewhat as we of the Forestville knew him. The And sighing, first is a poem entitled "To a Wild Rose," which he And groaning, dedicated to me. Written in February, 1901 : And moaning, The west is chanting his dirge evermore. TO A WILD ROSE . WALTER BISSINGER. I love thee, yes I love thee, April, 1901. Thou flower fair of June, Often it seemed to me that he possessed the spirit Like the bright blue skies that delight the eyes, Like the pale and dainty moon. of Shelley. On Thursday morning, December 31 , I read Walter's name in the paper first and I bowed I love thee, yes I love thee, my head in anguish. Walter gone-it could not be For thy scents that fill the air, so-and yet I knew it to be too true, for he was not Make the mortal strand like a fairy land. While sweet odors are everywhere. self- assertive enough to act quickly. A beautiful boy who filled the world about him with joy and I love thee, yes I love thee, sweetness . I read on and found name after name For thy beauty and thy grace ; of children to the number of eight, either in school On the bushes green art thou ever seen, With thy lovely fairy face. at the time or else graduates. Then, after the first awful realization of it all went out into the school I love thee, yes I love thee, district wherever I had read of death to give what While you nod in the gentle breeze, of succor or comfort I could. Thou art queen fore'er of the wild flowers fair, 'Neath the bowing courtier trees. Then I learned of the loss of our beloved teacher, Miss Minnie Shaffner, one of the gentlest, most I love thee yes I love thee, winsome of teachers who loved and led the little With thy dainty crown of gold, children in first grade, and of Julia Brewster, a Inthe clear ozone is a bush thy throne, Till at last thy petals fold. former cadet at Forestville, who was my personal 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. friend as well-true, gentle, able, loving Julia graduates. So sweet and gentle and loving and Brewster. able. We all loved her dearly, teachers and pupils Of the many teachers who passed away on Dec. alike. It seems to me she always did exactly the 30, 1903, I knew fourteen. As I have read of the right thing. The only child, her mother and father lives of all the teachers who perished it seemed to lavished all upon her and their hearts are crushed. me that this prayer written by Miss Florence Hol- One of the saddest and tenderest sights was that brook and given by her to the Forestville teachers of twelve of her friends, six boys and six girls, all at Christmas time must have been constantly in the pallbearers carrying her to her final resting place. hearts of all these more self-sacrificing, loving men "Suffer little children to come unto me, for of and women : such is the kingdom of heaven." A PRAYER . Not more of light, I ask, O God, The awful pall and anguish that has been so per- But eyes to see what is ; sonal to most of us has given fuller, stronger Not sweeter songs, but power to hear meaning to this great prayer of Phillips Brooks : The present melodies. Do not pray for easy lives, pray to be stronger men! Not greater strength, but how to use The power that I possess ; Do not pray for tasks equal to your powers, pray Not more of love, but skill to turn for powers equal to your tasks ! Then the doing A frown into caress. of your work shall be no miracle, but you shall be a miracle. Every day you shall wonder at yourself, Not more of joy, but power to feel Its kindling presence near ; at the richness of life which has come into you by To give to others all I have the grace of God. Of courage and of cheer. And lovingly, reverently, these words of William Morris, the great workman, prophet and seer, come Not more of life, but insight clear into our hearts : Into its mystery ; To comprehend as best I may "I bid you to live in peace and patience, without Our lofty destiny. fear or hatred and to succor the oppressed and love the lovely, and to be the friends of men, so that No other gifts, dear God, I ask, when ye are dead at last men may say of you-they But only sense to see How best the precious gifts to use brought down heaven to the earth for a little while. Thou hast bestowed on me. What say ye, children ?" To teach the little children all, THE SPRING AT EAGLE ROCK . How joyous is the world; Last Poem of Walter Bissinger. That, in the life we live on earth, Heaven's glory is unfurled. A bubbling fountain from the rock doth leap From bold faced cliff doth rise a dainty spring, Give me all fears to dominate, Whichever to itself doth laugh and sing, All holy joys to know ; Unmindful of the mass of stone so steep, To be the friend I wish to be, Which, towering high above it, guard doth keep. To speak the truth I know. From Horseshoe Island do the wavelts fling Themselves upon the shore ; but hear the ring To love the pure, to seek the good, And tinkling ; ' tis as if around do peep To lift, with all my might, Invisible sprites and spirits, airy forms All souls to dwell in harmony Upon the brink of some pure fairy lake ; In freedom's perfect light. For in a hewn log basin doth it fall, FLORENCE HOLBROOK. A tiny, shaded pool, a liquid mirror, One of my own boys, aged fourteen, Willie Hen- Where silver lights and shadows gleam and quake, From overhanging pines and birches tall. nessy, a brave, sunny, willing lad, died there, too, and as I saw eight of my other boys bearing out Address by Jeannette Cronk. their loved comrade at the funeral I thought that Chicago has just written another chapter, the most bit- this personal touch of pain that had come to all terly tragical chapter of her brief, eventful history. Two his classmates would make them braver, truer men weeks ago, could we have looked down through the snow- and women. Would help them more surely to be filled air, we should have seen, north, south, west, in every "the best knights of the world" that Sir Thomas burial ground, scores of new-made graves, funeral corteges winding their way from every neighborhood, trains bear- Mallory loves to tell us of. ing to other cities, neighboring and remote, caskets con- A noble little lad from the sixth grade died with taining the unrecognizable remains of those who had come his little sister and mother and her two sisters . as Chicago's holiday guests . Little Ernest Reiss, a beautiful, sturdy, cheery, able Many a father followed to the grave his children with their mother and returned to his utterly desolated home boy, who was fast learning to express himself most or sought the hospital where, maimed and defaced, some originally and interestingly. One of his little class- last member of his once happy household struggled back mates in writing to the bereaved and broken father to a blighted existence. Chicago has witnessed a letter of sympathy said : "We miss him sadly in scenes of suffering before ; what gives poignancy school. He truly lived his name, Ernest, he was so to this grief is the growing conviction that the destruc- tion of life at the Iroquois theater fire might have earnest. " A sweet tribute, and so true, from a ten- been avoided. Disposition to take chances rather than to year-old girl. safeguard its patrons from the possibility of such an acci- His little sister Erna and a little lad, Leon Grady, dent; lax enforcement of laws by men appointed for the administration of law ; laxity of public sentiment in re- were taken from our fifth grade. gard to the enforcement of law, combined to bring about Herbert Eisenstaedt, a splendid lad, was one of this calamity. To at least the last of these arraignments our graduates. We always loved Herbert's good few in Chicago can plead "Not guilty," and the bitterness nature and sunshine. He filled the room with his of remorse flavors the cup Chicago must drain. radiant life and spirits. He ever carried with him As ineffaceably as the flames of the Iroquois theater fire seared and scarred its victims, they have branded the rec- an atmosphere of health and joy. ords of her officials with criminal negligence ; they have Little Dora Reynolds, too, was another of our marred and seared the reputation of Chicago. Can we, as CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 3 teachers, do more than we are doing to arouse in this gen- lives, useful, valued lives, we, the people of Chicago, learn eration a civic conscience ? might be a profitable and prac- unselfishness, regard for law, and loving -kindness, one to tical theme for consideration. another, a love which places not only human life, but But to probe into, to even touch upon the causes of this human safety and comfort above personal greed, the sacri- disaster, to suggest any means of preventing its repetition, fice will not indeed have been in vain . is not, I take it, the province of this meeting. We are gathered here as teachers, to add our last sad tribute to the teachers and school children of Chicago who perished BOARD OF EDUCATION, in the fire at the Iroquois theater. Wednesday , January, 20, 1904. To the world at large they were much like other people, The request of the Civic Federation that the Board do women, good women, who had taken up teaching as a means of livelihood ; business men knew them as an honest, not open school halls for any but meetings of purely edu- cational or social character was placed on file. trustworthy class financially ; socially, they were many- sided, their interests were far-reaching and touched many Miss Fannie M. Sollitt, a former special teacher of music, lives. Clubs, devoted to art, music, literature, philanthrophy who was displaced by reason of the reduction of the force valued them as accomplished and intelligent members ; of special teachers of music Jan. 29, 1902, was elected to their pastors knew them as generous and unselfish, quick the position of special teacher of music, at the salary of to respond with time, talent and money to every appeal $1,400 per annum, to fill the vacancy caused by the death for the furtherance of all good works ; their pupils knew of Miss Emma D. Mann. them as loving, yet just; friends, whose approbation was A kindergarten training course was established in the well worth seeking, whose disapproval was an experience Chicago Normal School, to include two years' work in to be dreaded ; school supervisors recognized them as con- kindergarten theory and practice, together with such train- scientious, faithful workers ; feeble mothers, indigent ing in general pedagogy as may be deemed necessary to fathers, struggling younger brothers and sisters depended prepare for work in the public school kindergartens of upon them, the burden bearers, the mainstay of their Chicago, and students successfully completing this two families. years' course are to be given certificates to teach in the But when resolutions have been spread upon the records public school kindergartens of Chicago. of this and that club, when the heartfelt words of pastors, Georgia A. Seaman, principal of the Henry Clay School, the commendation of school supervisors, the tears of the was transferred to the principalship of the Myra Bradwell children and the agony of their parents, brothers and sis- School made vacant by the death of Miss Irene Fort. ters have all attested to the nobility and worth of our fel- Mr. Edward Wildeman, a teacher in the Pullman School, low-workers, another phase of their life remains which only who holds a principal's pal's certificate, ificate, was appointed to the teachers can fully appreciate. Only teachers, knowing their principalship of the Henry Clay School made vacant by high ideals, can measure them, not only by what they so the transfer of Georgiana A. Seaman; and his salary was nobly did, by what they even more nobly meant to do and fixed at the first year of the third group on the salary to be. Many of those who have been so suddenly snatched schedule of principals of elementary schools, namely, $ 1,200. from our ranks had entered them but recently, all aglow Jane Williams, a teacher in the King School, was elected with enthusiasm, not realizing fully, perhaps, all the self- to the position of teacher in charge of the Hanson Park sacrifice this vocation requires, but capable of making each Branch of the Wm. Penn Nixon School ; and her salary sacrifice as it was demanded. was fixed at $75.00 per year in advance of the schedule of Others had been long in the service, giving up year by salaries for elementary teachers, in accordance with the year, one by one, cherished ideals of what they might per- rules permitting such advance to teachers in charge of a sonally achieve along other lines, that they might merge a branch school of four or more rooms and located more little more of time, of strength, of thought into the attain- than one-half mile away from the main building. ment of ideals in teaching, ideals which constantly grow, The following named former teachers in Chicago public and must remain forever unattainable. Their work, though schools, who hold valid certificates were placed on the list often apparently unrecognized, unappreciated had become for appointment in accordance with the rules : an absorbing joy to them. And they are gone from us, Cary, Othelia R. those strong, brave, able, disciplined teachers. We have Gannon, Rose Lutiger. lost not only what they were now, but what they would Hibbard, Dora F. have been in the years to come, as they went on from Johnson, Effie E. strength to strength. Reese, Eleanor. They were at the matinee on that fateful afternoon, par- Miss Cora L. Davis was elected to the position of head takers in the beautiful holiday spirit, seeking relaxation in assistant in the Eugene Field school, to fill the vacancy light-hearted merriment that they might be the better pre- caused by the resignation of Miss Julia D. Ingalls. pared to take up the serious work of life, in many cases The following named teachers, who have had experience they had, with characteristic unselfishness, planned to bring in teaching previous to their assignment to positions in unwonted pleasure into some other toil-worn, work-a-day Chicago, and who by their success have shown the benefit life, or to some beloved child relative or friend by this hol- of such experience, were advanced on the schedule of sal- iday treat. The total unexpectedness of meeting Death in aries for the second group of elementary teachers, to date that scene of gayety must have been one of its keenest from Jan. 4, 1904, as follows : pangs. Gerts, Kate- 12 years' exp., to second year. "For who, to dumb forgetfulness a prey, Snowhook, Leila-3 years' exp., to second year. This pleasing, anxious being e'er resigned, The secretary was authorized and directed to pay the Left the warm precincts of the cheerful day principals and teachers for January, 1904, on the basis of Nor cast one longing, lingering look behind ? " the salaries paid in December, 1903, together with the reg- ular increases as provided by the salary schedule in force And theirs were sweet, wholesome lives. Strong ties in 1903. bound them to their work, to their friends, those dependent The pupils, alumni and friends of the Forestville School upon them. They would not have wished to leave any were permitted to place a memorial-picture, tablet or bas- obligations unfulfilled. Let us hope, in that one swift relief, to those teachers who lost their lives in the Iroquois giance back at the grief-stricken world they were leaving, fire. forward under the guidance of the Death angel, they real- The graduating class of 1904 of the Nash school was ized and were satisfied, with what it is so hard for us to given permission to place a stained glass window in the believe, that their lifework was done. Nash school . As, in common with all Chicago, we watched in an agony The salaries of the following named experienced teach- of grief and remorse, the snow cover the new-made graves, ers, who have had experience in teaching before being heaped with the love offerings of flowers, subdued and assigned to positions in the elementary schools and who by humble, our hearts softened to an unwonted tenderness, their success have shown the benefit of such experience, there has come to us with added meaning the words of the were advanced on the salary schedule for the second group Great Teacher, "A new commandment give I unto you that of elementary teachers in accordance with the attached list, ye love one another." to date from Jan. 4, 1904 : When we returned to our schools, to be confronted by ELEMENTARY TEACHERS . their vacant places and greeted one another with tear-filled eyes, I think we realized that it is a strong bond, much Donohue, Marv V.- 10 years' experience, to fifth year. stronger than we knew, that binds together Chicago teach- Hodge, James-14 years' experience, to fifth year. ers. If, by means of this awful sacrifice of precious child (Continued on page 6. ) 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION this willingness to do personal favors and that we, as teachers, will strive more and more diligently to lift the BULLETIN standard of civic conscience out of sordid greed into jus- tice, truth and brotherhood. Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation . Then will our dead not have died in vain, then shall we truly love our neighbors as ourselves. Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Mlinois, as Second-Class Matter, In tender memory of our beloved teachers and pupils and December 23, 1901. as a pledge to the bereaved relatives and friends and to our THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the stricken and sorrowing city that this twentieth century year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of shall, in truth, reverence all life. AprilandDecember. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION . THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Pity Cents per year. Single copies, Five Cents . ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received by Tuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to ADDRESS BY LOVIE L. KILBOURN . the order of the Federation Bulletin. THE EDITOR , The terrible disaster accompanying and following 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO . the fire at the Iroquois Theater Dec. 30, 1903, has so Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 6 p. m. Phone Central 3904. broken the ranks of the teachers and those most closely connected with the teacher, the children, that it seemed impossible to take up the routine work THE MEMORIAL MEETING . until we had paid our tribute of affection and love It has been said repeatedly since the Iroquois fire that for those whom we miss so sadly. never has a public calamity brought home so insistently to I had almost said last tribute, but, alas, there can a whole people the lessons which death, touching one best never be a last tribute. This is only the public beloved, reveals in the experience of the individual. The manifestation of that sorrow which will hereafter be exercises in which the Federation commemorated our lost a part of each one of us. comrades and children expressed this feeling with much pathos, sincerity and reverence ; the sense of bereavement, One may become accustomed to the final separa- of yearning hope, of self-questioning desire for the better tion from friends, but can never forget. fulfillment of all mutual obligation. It seems but yesterday that we saw their cheering Music which comes to the aid of faltering speech in voic- smile and heard their words of encouragement. ing both hope and sorrow, had its fitting place. All the To-day thirty-nine teachers and one hundred and music of the program filled this office. But most touch- two children are missed from their accustomed ingly the singing of "Face to Face," by Master Hays Gam- places. ble, a boy soprano, who had offered to sing in memory of " That golden key that opens the place of eternity" his schoolmates From without the Federation came also has unfolded to them the mysteries of the beginning the kind service of Mr. James F. O'Connor, who rendered and end of existence. They know why these things with deep feeling and much beauty of interpretation the are so. Why the children had passed "life's short familiar noble lines of "Thanatopsis." summer" so soon. Why so many of our co-workers We hope to obtain permission to publish the addresses were snatched from their places in home and society made by Mrs. Treadwell, Miss Cronk, Miss Jane Addadms, to swell the roll of the departed. and the president of the Federation. The closing words were spoken by Miss Addams, and But it is not given us to know. no feature of the service was more appealing than her plea But these are not all. Here and there through- for the recognition of a higher sense of obligation than out this city are teachers and children who live and that which is expressed in mere personal kindliness. She yet suffer. In hospital and home they are thankful said : "One is almost ashamed to come out of one's sor- that the measure of their days is not full. We row, one's pity and reverent sense of mystery, to formulate offer them our sympathy and are full of gratitude a practical solution of the causes of this disaster. But in because they are spared to us. it I can see no helpful meaning but this, that as we grow The teachers as a body have stood for the en- we should develop not less of the personal in our kindly forcement of the law. If a law is useless, repeal it. relations but more of the justice that sees the larger obli- If impracticable, change it, that it may conduce to gation and recognizes that only upon that can be based all the greatest good to the community, has been our other justice." motto. But enforce the law. There came One preaching the higher, the more perfect We have given of our time, our substance, and love,-One whose precept was, Be ye perfect. And yet no now we have offered up our sacrifice of all these individual sin or sorrow was remote from His sympathy, near and dear to us on the altar of the supineness of and His daily life was filled with deeds of mercy. the public conscience. If there be one among His followers who can pause from We are stunned. Time will bring us our responsi- works of pity to plead for the ultimate ideal of charity, bilities . "Justice delayed is justice denied." Ex- that one is she whose words crowned so fittingly the me- pediency will not satisfy. morial tribute to our dead. Bandying the responsibility of duties not per- formed from one official to another ; locking and Resolutiens Adopted at Memorial Meeting January 16 . double locking doors behind which are crowds of We, the teachers of Chicago, realizing that this awful helpless people, giving to the judgment of mere pall of death has been brought upon us, not through the boys the care of the lives of hundreds, may have personal carelessness of a few officials, but through reck- been expedient, but that is not a satisfactory excuse less disregard of obedience to law on the part of the entire public; not through intentional disregard of human life, to the aching and lonely heart. but through lawless good nature, which would rather "And when the people heard these evil tidings always do a kindness than impose a hardship, and hence has made law enforcement lax ; hereby they mourned ; and no man did put on his orna- Resolve, That justice and honor must take the place of ments." CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 5 LETTERS RECEIVED. IN MEMORIAM . The St. Paul Grade Teachers ' Federation extend their Florence L. Tobias and Rose K. Rogers . heartfelt sympathy to the Chicago Teachers' Federation in their sudden bereavement, caused by the awful calamity I. which has lately visited Chicago . May the afflicted be solaced and comforted in their grief, They have gone to the land of sunshine, consoled by the thought that : Where no darkness claims the night, "There every heart rejoins their kindred heart ; Where God guides all in glory There in a long embrace that none may part, With his beacon of heavenly light. Fulfillment meets desire, and that fair shore, II. Behold its dwellers happy evermore." They are departed, gone forever, Till on distant shores they meet, Milwaukee, Wis., Jan. 16, 1904 Each one her arms outstretching, President Chicago Teachers' Federation, Fullerton Hall, Each one, the other to greet. Art Institute : The Milwaukee Teachers' Association extends heartfelt III . sympathy to the Chicago Teachers' Federation in their They were comrades on earth together, great bereavement. Comrades to the awful end, NELLIE MINEHAN, Pres. And in heaven I'm sure we'll find each The same dear old comrade and friend. Philadelphia , Pa., Jan. 13, 1904. IV. Miss Margaret A. Haley, Chicago Teachers' Federation, Chicago, Ill.: It spread a gloom o'er our schoolhouse MY DEAR MISS HALEY :-Will you please extend to the A dismal, silent pall, Chicago Teachers' Federation the heartfelt sympathy of the Two chairs at two desks are vacant, members of the Philadelphia Teachers' Association in the Tears come in the eyes of us all. frightful loss of life among teachers and pupils resulting V. from the Iroquois theater catastrophe ? Very truly yours, Yet God knows what's best and he wills all GEO. WHEELER, With wisdom and judgment supreme. MARY CRAIG PEACOCK, President. And he called for our loved ones' departure. Secretary . It's right, yet how wrong it does seem. RAYMOND J. MADDEN, School Board Offices, City Hall, Jefferson School . A Former Pupil. Toronto, Jan. 12, 1904. The President Chicago-Teachers' Association : On behalf of the Teachers' Association of Toronto, Can- MISS A. H. BULTMAN. ada, we desire to convey to you, and, through you to the teachers of Chicago, our sincerest sympathy with our fel- Teacher in Avondale School Buried at Union Ridge low teachers in your great city in the terrible calamity of Cemetery Last Sunday . the Iroquois theater fire, a few days ago. We have learned that many of our fellow-workers were Avondale School mourns the loss of one of the among the victims, and that you are mourning the loss of some of your brightest and most enthusiastic co-laborers. most gifted of its large corps of teachers, Augusta While our hearts go out in deepest sympathy and rever- Hermine Henrietta Bultman . ence to all the bereaved ones, we feel a more personal inter- Miss Bultman was born in Hamburg, Germany, est in those who were engaged in the same work that occu- October 5, 1865. Here she passed her childhood pies so largely our time and thoughts. It is our desire to convey to the Chicago teachers our and youth attending the Klosterschule, a celebrated heartfelt sympathy, not in the general public spirit, but in school for girls . the more intensely personal manner of co-workers. Miss Bultman was greatly respected and highly Sincerely yours, GEO. M. RITCHIE , esteemed by all with whom she came in contact, JOHN SPENCE, President. both for her uprightness of character and her Secretary. many accomplishments. She spoke a number of languages fluently and was an accomplished musi- Detroit Teachers' Association. cian, being a graduate of the Conservatory of Music Chicago Teachers : We, the teachers in the Detroit Public Schools, note with at Hamburg . deepest regret the loss in the recent disaster, of the lives of In the year 1898 Miss Bultman came to America so many fellow teachers of the Chicago schools and extend and made her home with her brother in Avondale. our heartfelt sympathy to the sorrowing friends and co- Desiring to enter the Chicago schools, she attended workers. Done in the regular meeting of the Council of the Detroit the Normal School at Englewood and in September, Teachers' Association, this ninth day of January, Nineteen 1900, was assigned as German teacher in the Hundred and Four. MARY L. MINER, Knickerbocker School. She taught also in the Secretary. Richard Yates School, from which she was trans- Boston Teachers' Club. ferred to the Avondale School in September, 1902. The members of the Boston Teachers' Club, in heartfelt She was a woman of unusual strength and up- sympathy with the teachers of Chicago, unite with them rightness of character, hated sham and dishonesty, in mourning the loss of so many of their number in the loved truth and beauty. terrible disaster that has shocked the whole world. ALICE M. MAY, Secretary. New Century Building, Jan. 18, 1904. On Tuesday, Jan. 5, 1904, an accident occurred on Center avenue, near Fifty-ninth street, when three teachers of the Libby School were injured. The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teach- An engine on the Panhandle railroad ran into and ers' Federation will meet Monday, February 1 , at derailed the street car. 4 p. m. , in Room 437, Unity Bldg. Miss Helen C. Maine suffered a broken wrist ; JOSEPHINE NICHOLS , the stove was overturned on Miss Alice Hellgren Cor. Secretary, and her clothing set on fire ; Miss Irma R. Dayton 341 8. Forty-third Avo. received severe bruises . 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. (Continued from page 3.) Collins, Esther H., Tilden school, Jan. 11 , 1904. Monroe, Grace A.-7 years ' experience, to fourth year. Copps, Lillian A., Brighton school, Jan. 11 , 1904. Reno, Cora L.- 10 years' experience, to fifth year. Danley, Sue, Wabansia Avenue school, Jan. 11 , 1904. Rhinesmith, Grace-8 years' experience, to fifth year. Dillon, Grace W., Curtis school, Jan. II, 1904. chool, Jan KINDERGARTEN TEACHERS . Dirschmidt, Elizabeth, Logan school, Jan. 11, 1904. Bouton, Edith M.-3 years' experience, to second year. Donoghue, Mary V. , Field school, Jan. 11 , 1904. Gorham, Marie E.-612 years' experience, to fourth year. Doud, Dora E., Kershaw school, Jan. 11 , 1904. Howell, Mary-6 years' experience, to fourth year. Eyles, Clara E., Gallistel school, Jan. 11 , 1904. Taylor, Daisy-2 years' experience, to second year. Felch, Edna B., Nixon school, Jan. 11 , 1904. Whipple, Susan T.-6 years ' experience, to fourth year. Ferguson, Emily, Langland school, Jan. 11 , 1904. The superintendent of schools respectfully reports that Ganey, Helen M. , Emerald Avenue, Jan. 11 , 1904. the rule determining the rank of a teacher on the list for Gavin, Margaret, Pickard school, Jan. 11 , 1904. assignment is as follows: Goldwach, Dottie, Marquette school, Jan. 11, 1904. The mark determining each teacher's standing upon this Handley, Mary E. E., Burley school, Jan. 11 , 1904. list will be the average of two marks in each case, as fol- Hedinger, Louise M. , Hamilton school, Jan. 11, 194. lows : Hendrickson, Sadie, Lafayette school, Jan. 11 , 1904. 1. Former teachers- Hurd, Edith N., Greene school, Jan. 11 , 1904. (a) Average efficiency mark during the last year of serv- Huscher, Charlotte J. K., Agassiz school, Jan. 11, 1904. ice as teacher ; and Jacob, Ida L. , Schiller school, Jan. 11 , 1904. (b) Average efficiency mark as substitute since applica- Keating. Helen M. , Garfield school, Jan. 11, 1904. tion for assignment. Kindig, Louise, Tilton school, Jan. an. II , 1904. 2. Cadets- Larson, Belle. Cornell school, Jan. 11, 1904. (a) Scholarship average at graduation from normal Lesch, Annie L. , Bryant school, Jan. 11 , 1904. school ; and Lindblad, Ellen, Burley school, Jan. 11, 1904. (b) Average efficiency mark as cadet during the term of Mackey, Mary M., Bass school, Jan. 11 , 1904. cadetship. Mariga, Katherine L., Drummond school, Jan. 11 , 1904. 3. Experienced teachers- May, Mabel, Drummond school, Jan. 11, 1904. (a) Average standing in the examination at which a cer- McCoy, Adeline C., Spry school, Jan. 11 , 1904. tificate was secured ; and McGowan, Olive L., Forestville school, Jan. 11 , 1904. (b) Average efficiency mark as substitute during the Meek, Margaret, Gallistel school, Jan. 11 , 1904. term of substitute service . Monroe, Grace A., Brown school, Jan. 11 , 1904. The superintendent is of the opinion that after a cadet or Moylan, Mary S. A., Bradwell school, Jan. 11 , 1904. substitute has served her probationary period a larger pro- Mueller, Anna, Avondale school, Jan. 11 , 1904. portional credit should thereafter be given for efficiency in Murphy, Alice M., Earle school, Jan. 11 , 1904. teaching and a smaller proportional credit for the examina- Murphy. Margaret M. , McClellan school, Jan. 11 , 1904. tion mark, Normal School record, or record as a former Nash , Mary F., Schiller school, Jan. 11 , 1904. teacher. Neil, Jane S. , Tilden school , Jan. 11 , 1904. The superintendent, therefore, respectfully recommends Nelson, Helma O., Sherwood school, Jan. 11, 1904. that the rule for determining a teacher's rank on the list O'Neill, Mary A. , Kershaw school, Jan. 11 , 1904. for assignment be amended by the addition of the follow- O'Shaughnessy, Margaret C., Raster school, Jan. 11, 1904. ing: Park, Jennie, Sumner school, Jan. 11, 1904. "After an experienced teacher or cadet shall have quali- Peerstone, Cora D., Irving Park school, Jan. 11, 1904. fied for and shall have had her name placed upon the eligi- Powers, Mary A., Harrison school, Jan. 11 , 1904. ble list in accordance with the foregoing rule, the mark Quinn, Mary A. , Montefiore school, Jan. 11, 1904. which shall determine her position upon the eligible list Reiwitch, Anna, Forestville school, Jan. 11 , 1904. thereafter shall be computed as follows : Reno, Cora. Austin school, Jan. 11 , 1904. "At the end of the first term of school following after Reynolds , Rosalind I. , Smyth school, Jan. 11 , 1904. the placing of the name of an eligible person on the list for Schulz, Ida M. , Bismarck school, Jan. 11, 1904. appointment the superintendent shall cause the record of Shearin, Mary J., Farragut school, Jan. 11 , 1904. the work of such teacher or cadet subsequent to the placing Sheahan, Mary E. , Earle school, Jan. 11. 1904. of her name on the list to be examined, and the mark of Stanton, Katherine, Jackson school, Jan. 11 , 1904. such teacher or cadet shail then be determined by taking Timm, Edna A. , West Pullman school, Jan. 11, 1904. the average of three (3) marks as follows: Vail, Ethel, Hammond school. Jan. 11 , 1904. "I. Scholarship average at graduation from the Normal Wernecke, Lucy A., Greeley school, Jan. 11 , 1904. School, or average standing in the examination at which West, Emily, Healy school, Jan. 11 , 1904. certificate was secured. "2. The cadet or substitute record previous to being placed on the eligible list. "3. The cadet or substitute record for the term just It will become a matter of wonder that there closed, provided that the cadet or substitute shall at that time have served for a minimum period of at least two should ever have existed those who thought it ad- months after the placing of her name upon the list. mirable to enjoy without working, at the expense "At the expiration of one year after the placing of a of others who worked without enjoying. teacher's name upon the list for appointment in accordance -Herbert Spencer. with the rules, and at the close of each term thereafter, the mark which shall determine a teacher's rank upon the list shall be the average of her efficiency records as substi- tute or cadet during the year then ended, provided that the teacher shall have taught as substitute or served as cadet for at least four months during said year ; and provided that IF I CAN SUCCEED the rank of a former teacher shall be determined by her rec- ord during the last year of former service until the close of inmakingclear toyou what ismeant by LOANS BY the term succeeding the placing of her name upon the list , at CORRESPONDENCE you will never borrow on any which time her rank shall be determined by the average of other plan. Address E. B., Federation Bulletin, 437 UnityBidg. her former service and substitute service until a year shall By permission Igive this paper as my referencs. have elapsed, when her rank shall then be determined by the record of her substitute service alone." Concurred in. The superintendent of schools respectfully reports that he has made assignments and transfers of elementary teachers according to the attached lists, in accordance with LOANS TO TEACHERS the rules: By a Teacher ELEMENTARY TEACHERS-ASSIGNMENTS . Abrahamson, Olga E., Bismarck school, Jan. 11 , 1904. AT LIVE AND LET LIVE LOW RATES Banning , Bertha L., Tilton school, Jan. 11, 1904. "Wherewithal" and no tattling. Berg. Monnie A. , Clay school, Jan. 11, 1904. L. A. care FEDERATION BULLETIN, 437 UNITY BUILDING Boland, Grace A. , Agassiz school, Jan. 11, 1904. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 7 FEDERAL The First TRUST & SAVINGS National $2,000,000 BANK SURPLUS CAPITAL A Banking, Savings and Trust Company Bank business transacted. We invite interviews or correspondence from individuals, firms or corporations contemplating making changes or opening is now new accounts . OFFICERS. DIRECTORS. located in its Thomas P. Phillips, E. H. Gary, Chairman, President. Charles Deering, Nathan G. Moore, W. J. Chalmers. new office , Vice President and Alfred H. Mulliken. Counsel. C. B. Shedd. Charles S. Castle, A. E. Musbaum. Cashier. T. P. Phillips. F. J. Scheidenhelm, Norman B. Ream. Asst. Cashier. Nathan G. Moore. 119 Edwin L. Wagner, Asst. Cashier. Irving J. Shuart, E. J. Buffington. D. W. Burrows. W. E. Phillips. Secretary. J. N. Vance. Monroe St. N. E. Cor. La Salle and Adams Streets. A Good Chance NORTH CHICAGO for Worthy Young BUSINESS COLLEGE People 444 Garfield Avenue Near Lincoln and Cleveland Aves. The princi, al of NORTH CHICAGO BUSINESS COLLEGE will allow a discount of 10% on regular prices Business, Shorthand and to all graduates of 8th grade, or any year High School from Public Typewriting, English or Parochial Schools , who enter and two years' High School Departments. for a 3 months course from this date to February 15th, 1904. Those DAY AND EVENING SESSIONS who cannot pay in advance may arrange for 6 month's course, pay- able after position is secured. Positions :-Demand for our competent stu- We have a larger demand (about dents exceeds the supply. 5 to 1) cortinually, for our compe- 1 year $80.00, 3 mos. $ 25.00, 6 mos. $45.00 tent graduates than we can supply. Night School, $10.00 3 mos. The school is equal to any in the U. S. and absolutely safe in case of Graduates of high schools unable to pay in fire or panic stampedes. advance, may pay after securing a position. Yours respectfully, Competency in 6 months. C. C. COCHRAN, Principal. C. C. COCHRAN, Principal and Proprietor. 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . EVERENOS THE ARE YOU AWARE THAT NORTH AMERICAN The REVIEW JOHN CHURCH CO. THE most notable literary eventofthe 260 WABASH AVE. THE year 1904 will be the serial public cation in THE NORTH AMERICAN llow REVIEW of a new novel, "The Son of Royal Langbrith," by William Dean Special Discounts Howells,beginning intheJanuarynumber to School Teachers ? 50 cents a copy; $5.00 a year Write Dept. "S" for Catalogues, Prices, Terms, Etc. The North American Review, HARVARDOS FRANKLIN SQUARE, Ν. Υ. NOW IS THE TIME To Secure the New 1903 Edition of Ridpath's History of the United States 50% less than ever sold before-sets sent on approval-an easyway to get this matchless set of books-a necessity in every American home The name of Dr. Ridpath, our greatest historian, is known from Main to California, and this sweeping reduction places for the first time within the reach of every intelligent American the graphic story of the heroic deeds of our forefathers as only he can tell it. UNIVERSALLY COMMENDED-FASCINATING AS A ROMANCE. Thisistheonly history endorsed by such scholars and thinkers as the late President McKinley; ex-President Whiteof Cornell; Prof. Churchill of Oberlin ; Dr. Buckley of the Christian Advocate; Hezekiah Butterworth, former editor Youίλ'ε Companion; W. R. Houghton, A. M., Professor of History, Indiana University; Prof. Bennett, Boston University; Prof. Edwards of McKendee; W. D. Wilson. D. D. LL. D., Registrar ofCornell, and thousands of other famous men and women who have born witness to its absorbing interest and value. THE NEW 1903 IMPERIAL EDITION Revised and enlarged into Five Superb Royal Octavo Volumes-Lavishly Illustrated-contains our country's history from earliest times to date, and hasbeenenriched byhundreds of new Maps Race Charts, Chronological-Charts and text illustrations, together with over 100 full-page photogravures and half-tone Etchings of Famous Historical Paintings by Trumbull, Chapman and other great artists, making it the most valuable collection of historical illustrations ever embodied in anywork. D. A. McKINLAY & CO., New York Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin 100 Vol. 3. CHICAGO , JANUARY 29, 1904. No. 9 . Henry Demarest Lloyd His Passion for the Better Social Order By Jane Addams Address delivered at the memorial meeting in tribute to the life and public services of Henry Demarest Lloyd at the Auditorium, Chicago, Nov. 29, 1903 . -From the Commons for December. Hrmy DemandLond In the few minutes at our disposal I should like upon modification and change ; if things are ever to speak of the passion for a better social order, to move forward some man must be willing to the hunger and thirst after social righteousness take the first steps and assume the risks. Such a which , Mr. Lloyd's life embodied beyond that, per- man must have courage, but courage is by no haps, of any of his fellow citizens . means enough . That man may easily do a vast Progress is not automatic; the world grows bet- amount of harm who advocates social changes from ter because people wish that it should and take mere blind enthusiasm for human betterment, who the right steps to make it better. Progress depends arouses men only to a smarting sense of wrong 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. or who promotes reforms which are irrational and create a new fascination for serious things. We without relation to his time. To be of value in can all recall his deep concern over the changed the delicate process of social adjustment and recon- attitude that we, as a nation, are allowing our- struction, a man must have a knowledge of life as selves to take toward the colored man; his fore- it is, of the good as well as of the wrong ; he must sight as to the grave consequences in permitting the be a patient collector of facts, and, furthermore, rights of the humblest to be invaded ; his warning he must possess a zeal for men which will inspire that if in the press of our affairs we do not win confidence and arouse to action. new liberties that we cannot keep our old liberties. I need not tell this audience that the man whose He was an accomplished Italian scholar, possess- premature death we are here to mourn possessed ing a large Italian library ; he had not only a keen these qualities in an unusual degree. pleasure in Dante, but a vivid interest in the strug- His search for the Accomplished Good was un- gles of New Italy; he firmly believed that the United States has a chance to work out Mazzini's tiring. It took him again and again on journeys hopes for Italian workingmen, as they sturdily to England, to Australia, to Switzerland, wherever build our railroads and cross the American plains indeed he detected the beginning of an attempt to "equalize welfare," as he called it, wherever he with the same energy with which they had pre- caught tidings of a successful democracy. He viously built the Roman roads and pierced the Alps. He saw those fine realities in humble men which brought back cheering reports of the " Labor Co- partnership " in England, through which the work- easily remain hidden to duller eyes. ingmen own together farms, mills, factories and I recall a conversation with Mr. Lloyd held last dairies, and run them for mutual profit ; of the September during a Chicago strike, which had been people's banks in central Europe, which are at last marred by acts of violence and broken contracts. bringing economic redemption to the hard-pressed We spoke of the hard places into which the friends peasants ; of the old-age pensions in Australia ; of of labor unions are often brought when they sym- the country without strikes because compulsory ar- pathize with the ultimate objects of a strike, but bitration is fairly enforced; of the national railroads must disapprove of nearly every step of the way in New Zealand, which carry the school children taken to attain that object. Mr. Lloyd referred free and scatter the unemployed on the new lands. with regret to the disfavor with which most labor men look upon compulsory arbitration. He himself His new book on "The Swiss Sovereign" is not believed that as the State alone has the right to yet completed, but we recall his glowing accounts use force and has the duty of suppression toward of Switzerland, "where they have been democrats any individual or combination of individuals who for six hundred years and are the best democrats," undertake to use it for themselves, so the State where they can point to the educational results of has the right to insist that the situation shall be the referendum, which makes the entire country a submitted to an accredited court, that the State forum for the discussion of each new measure, so that the people not only agitate and elect, but also itself may only resort to force after the established legislate; where the government pensions father- machinery of government has failed. He spoke of less school children that they may not be crushed the dangers inherent in vast combinations of labor by premature labor. The accounts of these and as well as in the huge combinations of capital ; many more successful social experiments are to be that the salvation of both lay in absolute publicity. found in his later books: As other men collect As he had years before made public the hidden coins or pictures, so Mr. Lloyd collected specimens methods of a pioneer "trust" because he early real- of successful co-operation of brotherhood put into ized the dangers which have since become obvious practice. to many people, so he foresaw dangers to labor organizations if they substitute methods of shrewd- He came at last to an unshaken belief that this ness and of secret agreement for the open moral round old world of ours is literally dotted over with appeal. Labor unions are powerless unless backed groups of men and women who are steadily bring- by public opinion, he said ; they can only win pub- ing in a more rational social order. To quote his lic confidence by taking the public into their coun- own words : sels and by doing nothing of which the public may. "We need but to do everywhere what some one not know. is doing somewhere." "We do but all need to do, It is so easy to be dazzled by the combined power what a few are doing." "We must learn to walk of capital, to be bullied by the voting strength of together in new ways." His friends admit that in labor. We forget that capital cannot enter the these books there is an element of special pleading, moral realm, and may always be successfully routed but it is the special pleading of the idealist who in- by moral energy; that the labor vote will never sists that the people who dream are the only ones be " solid" save as it rallies to those political meas- who accomplish, and who in proof thereof unrolls ures which promise larger opportunities for the the charters of national and international associa- mass of the people ; that the moral appeal is the tions of workingmen, the open accounts of munici- only universal appeal. pal tramways, the records of co-operative societies, Many people in this room can, recall Mr. Lloyd's the cash balances in people's banks . description of the anthracite coal strike, his look Mr. Lloyd possessed a large measure of human of mingled solicitude and indignation as he dis- charm. He had many gifts of mind and bearing, played the photograph of the little breaker boy but perhaps his chief accomplishment was his mas- who held in his pigmy hand his account sheet, tery of the difficult art of comradeship. Many times showing that at the end of his week's work he social charm merely serves to cover up the trivial, owed his landlord-employer more than he did at but Mr. Lloyd ever made his an instrument to the beginning. Mr. Lloyd insisted that the simple CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 3 human element was the marvel of the Pennsylvania CHILDREN FINED FOR SINGING . situation, sheer pity continually breaking through Regulations in Kabo Corset Factory. and speaking over the heads of the business inter- ests. We recall his generous speculation as to what The following circular from the Corset Work- the result would have been had there been absolute- ers' Union explains a condition prevailing among the women and children corset workers that could ly no violence, no shadow of law-breaking during those long months; if the struggle could have stood not exist if the products of human labor were not valued above human life : out as a single effort to attain a higher standard of life for every miner's family, untainted by any Corset Workers' Union touch of hatred toward those who did not join in Affiliated with Aurora Trades and Labor Assembly. the effort. Mr. Lloyd believed that the wonderful self-control which the strikers in the main exerted BRIEF HISTORY OF THE CORSET WORKERS' LOCKOUT. but prefigured the strength which labor will exhibit Aurora, Ill., January 7, 1904. when it has at last learned the wisdom of using only the moral appeal and of giving up forever To Organized Labor Everywhere : every form of brute force. " If a mixed body of Nearly seven hundred employes of the Kabo men can do as well as that, they can certainly do Corset Co. were locked out seven weeks ago with- better. " We can almost hear him say it now. His out any notice whatsoever. Ninety per cent are ardor recalled the saying of a wise man, " That the girls and all are members of Corset Workers' Union belief that a new degree of virtue is possible acts as of the International Ladies' Garment Workers. The a genuine creative force in human affairs." company now proposes that they return to work Throughout his life Mr. Lloyd believed in and as individuals, insisting that agreements be signed worked for the "organization of labor," but with to accept a reduction in wages, in fact, work under his whole heart he longed for what he called "the any conditions that they may desire to impose. religion of labor," whose mission it should be "to Repeated efforts have been made by the local advance the kingdom of God into the unevangelized officials and Chicago and Illinois Federations of territory of trade, commerce and industry." He Labor to bring about an equitable adjustment of dared to hope that "out of the pain, poverty and this controversy, but the company refused in each want of the people there may at last be shaped a instance to recede from the position it had taken. new loving cup for the old religion." Rather than submit to conditions that would place Let us be comforted as we view the life of this them in the same position as they were previous to "helper and friend of mankind" that haply we may, the formation of their organization, it was unani- in this moment of sorrow, "establish our wavering mously decided to fight the issue to a finish. The line." condition of affairs that existed at the Kabo Corset "O strong soul, by what shore Co.'s factory previous to the formation of the union Dost thou now tarry ? was of a deplorable nature. Many children were Somewhere, surely, afar, employed, who were at times compelled to work In the sounding labor-house vast 122 hours a day, receiving for said services 40 Of being, is practiced that strength, to 60 cents. Out of this wage they were subject Zealous, beneficent, firm !” to fines as follows : Singing, 25 cents ; eating apples , 25 cents ; for being absent, per day, 50 cents ; for WOMEN'S INDEBTEDNESS TO COL . HIG- being late, 5 cents ; in fact, anything the company GINSON . might term a misdemeanor. It is not necessary for us to go into further de- Col. Thomas Wentworth Higginson has just tails in this matter, other than to state that the passed his eightieth birthday. He has achieved Kabo Corset Co. is connected with the Fox River fame in literature, in reform work, and in war, Valley Manufacturers' Association, and that this although , perhaps, he would prefer that the last combination of employers is waging an aggressive should be included under " reform," for it was as fight against organized labor. We need financial an abolitionist that he took part in the civil war assistance from fellow trade unionists, and in order as head of the first colored regiment. But the to win we must have it. Contributions, no matter greatest distinction of his life, as history will look how small, will be acceptable . at it, is that he is one of the very few men that thoroughly identified himself with the woman suf- Resolutions endorsing this appeal and to place the Kabo Corset on the "We Don't Patronize" list frage cause. He signed the call for the National Woman's Rights Convention in Worcester, Mass. , have been passed by the Aurora Trades Council and the Chicago Federation of Labor. in 1850. In 1855 he officiated at the marriage of Lucy Stone and Henry B. Blackwell, making it Send all contributions to Miss Kate Reavell , Rec . thoroughly an equal rights affair. When the Sec. , 45 S. Root St., Aurora, Ill. Woman's Journal was founded in 1870 he was one By order of Strike Committee, of its editors and remained such for fifteen years . CHAS . H. STOLP, Pres . It meant something to the movement that a writer FRED SCHOGER, Vice Pres., who had the attention of the world should give his KATE REAVELL, Rec. Sec. , best to a paper devoted to woman's cause. To MARY KIRSCH, Fin. Sec . women struggling for their rights it meant much that a warrior for freedom should consider their Approved and recommended by A. E. Ireland, Organizer A. F. of L. political freedom worthy of his sword of chivalry Remember, KABO CORSET CO . is Unfair to and justice, And so we all greet and thank Colonel Organized Labor. Higginson. Woman's Tribune. 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION by very small meetings which can be easily man- aged in the interest of aspiring individuals. The BULLETIN National Executive Committee might render an Official Organ of the Chiccio Teachers' Federation. important service to the Association if it would prepare and submit to the Active membership be- Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, December 23, 1991. fore the next meeting a satisfactory method of electing members of the Committee on Nomina- THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the tions." year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of April and December. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Pity Cents per year. Single copies, Five Cents . ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received CHANGE OF TIME FOR N. E. A. MEETING . by Tuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to the order of the Federation Bulletin. On account of the Democratic National Conven- THE EDITOR , tion, which is to be held at St. Louis at the time 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO. originally fixed for the N. E. A. meeting, the date Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 6 p. m. Phone Central 3904. of the latter has been changed. The meeting will be held June 28 to July 1. FROM AN IDAHO SUPERINTENDENT . The following excerpt explains : We take pleasure in publishing the following To the Educational Press : In view of the un- letter from the Superintendent of School, Poca- usual demands on transportation lines and the tello, Idaho : crowded condition of the hotels of St. Louis which will prevail during the first week in July, the Pocatello, Idaho, January 19, 1904. Executive Committee has voted to change the dates Editor of Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin, of the Annual Convention in St. Louis-announced Chicago, Ill . for July 5 to 9-to the preceding week, June 28 Dear Editor: I desire to express my appreciation to July 1, 1904. This change accords with the of the Bulletin. It is inspirational, educational and original preference of a large number of the teach- free from bias. It is one of the signs of the times, ers of the country, and also with the recently ex- for the professional standing of the teacher is soon pressed desire of the local committee at St. Louis , to be recognized everywhere. and the Exposition authorities, who believe that Always brief, always to the point, it is the soul more comfortable accommodations can be furnished, of wit. There is more food for thought in the and more successful meetings of the convention articles you publish than in the entire issue of many held at that time, with better opportunities for the more pretentious educational periodicals. I have study of the educational exhibits, than at a later especially enjoyed the article in the January 15th date. number by Jane Addams. It shows research and the problem of education from a more democratic The committee regret the possible embarrass- standpoint than we have been apt to regard it. ments which the change to the earlier date may Occasionally the school superintendent comes in cause in some localities, but trust that these will not be serious. The action has been taken after a for his share of satiric shafts. I enjoy these, some careful consideration of all interests . wounds are not painful. There is a pleasure in seeing ourselves as others see us. Sincerely yours, Yours very truly, IRWIN SHEPARD, Secretary. WALTER R. SIDERS . LETTER FROM PRESIDENT ELIOT . The following from the Brooklyn Eagle explains itself: Below is the concluding paragraph of a letter Inquiry Regarding addressed to the Executive Committee of the N. OUR SCHOOLS TO - DAY. E. A. and signed by Chas. W. Eliot, in his capac- ity as retiring president. Continuing its policy of giving its readers timely and interesting presentation of educational mat- Its contents recall the struggle at the Boston ters, the Eagle will shortly offer a resume of the convention to prevent the measure of power now progress of education in this city since consolida- vested in the active members from being taken tion. To secure views from all standpoints with from them and lodged in the president. That the entire frankness, we have sent at random to teach- Boston incident is not the end of the matter the ers, principals, superintendents and public men a letter leaves no room for doubt : request to express an opinion. This is a concern of every citizen, regardless of party; it involves no " The weakest point in the present administration personal criticisms. The only mark of identifica- of the Association is the mode of selecting members tion desired is the use of the words "in the school of the Committee on nominations . The conditions system" or " not in the school system" for purposes prescribed for their election by the by-law in force of classification. Any excellencies or defects up to July 9, 1903, could not be fulfilled, so that thought to mark our schools should be mentioned. all elections had been illegal. The meeting of Ac- What have been our advices since consolidation ? tive members on July 9 amended the by-law so that What things need correction ? legal elections can be effected, but at the moment Please use this sheet for reply, continuing on the meeting could not see the way to prevent the the other side. Thank you, election of members of the nominating committee GILBERT EVANS, Asst. Man. Editor. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 5 LECTURES BY EDWARD HOWARD GRIGGS . Carlyle's marriage ; story of his personal life. Tickets for Four Lectures, One Dollar. Ten years of struggle to make a living without abdicating moral independence. Spiritual autobi- Arrangements have been made which enable the ography and the heart of his gospel in " Sartor Re- Federation to offer to the members of its Educa- sartus. " Victory and gloom coming together. Sad- tional Department Course tickets for one dollar to ness of his late years . the remaining four lectures to be given by Mr. Carlyle essentially a moral prophet. Hatred of Griggs as announced here. shams and preaching the gospel of work and sin- The regular price of these course tickets is $2 cerity. His own conception of moral leadership in for the four lectures and 75c a single lecture. "Heroes and Hero Worship." His place : the hero The Federation makes no offer on single lectures, as a man of letters . but its course tickets are good in the hands of any Emerson, like Socrates , an unofficial public serv- member of the Educational Department. Thus ant, dedicated to the life of the spirit, living in four members of the department may purchase a serene harmony with his own ideal. Other leaders course ticket for one dollar and each teacher so more prominent than Emerson in public affairs, but purchasing may attend a single lecture at a cost of his the most fertilizing mind America has produced 25c, but these course tickets sold by the Federation hitherto. will not be honored in the hands of others than LECTURE V.- EMERSON. members of the Educational Department of the Federation . Family and world forces molding Emerson. Apply at Federation office, 437 Unity, for special Awakening of New England. Emerson's relation course tickets. to the transcendental movement. Slow unfolding of Emerson's genius ; his great- Four Lectures by Edward Howard Griggs . ness character, not talent. Absense of painful strug- gles. Finding of his mission. Works in which his To be given on alternate Saturday mornings , positive teaching is best expressed. The great ideas February 6, 20, March 5, 19, 1904, at 11 o'clock, to which he constantly returns . at Steinway Hall, 17 Van Buren street, Chicago. Results of Emerson's method. Question as to his Tickets for the course, $2.00 ; for single lectures, limitations . The two views of life : from within the 75 cents; on sale at the box office, Steinway build- smoke and suffering of the battle; from the serene ing. mountain heights. Carlyle expressing the strength III. Victor Hugo. and weakness of the one, Emerson of the other. IV. Carlyle. LECTURE VI.-TOLSTOY . V. Emerson . VI. Tolstoy. Civilization from which Tolstoy springs. Causes Course tickets for the remaining four lectures, of the striking contradictions in Russian life. Re- $2.00. sults of bringing a vigorous, barbaric people sud- LECTURE III.-VICTOR HUGO. denly into contact with the most refined French culture and art. Moral leaders in the nineteenth century. Last Tolstoy Russian of the Russians in the main ten- birth-throes of the modern spirit in the French dencies of his character; yet unique in his intellec- Revolution. France the chief theater because of the tual and moral conclusions. His early life ; experi- conditions of her life and the character of her peo- ences in war. The same intensity which makes him ple. Fruit of the Revolution reaped long afterward ; a moral leader marking his period of reckless world- Hugo the best expression of its final contribution ly living. Epoch of his great novels ; autobiographi- to civilization. cal element in them all. Action and reaction of Hugo's life parellelling the Crisis in Tolstoy's life. Reaction in middle age movement of his country. His sincerity. Expres- against the entire spirit and work of his previous sion in him of the strength and weakness of French career. Terrible moral struggle narrated in "My character. Early precocity. Earnest work; first Confession. " Tolstoy's solution ; its worth and great productive period. Romanticism. limitations . Value of his later writings in compari- Public life of Hugo. The second republic. Strug- son with those of his great creative period. Ques- gle with Louis Napoleon. Exile and works of bit- tion whether Tolstoy has found peace. His great- terness. Message as moral leader in "Les Miser- ness as moral leader due to his desperate earnest- ables " and " William Shakespeare." Triumphal re- ness and uncompromising facing of life. turn to France. Hugo's protest against classes and militarism ; positive gospel of freedom and humani- ty. Hugo not a seer upon the mountain, but a ANNOUNCEMENTS . herald in the arena. LECTURE IV.-CARLYLE. The regular meeting of the Chicago Teachers ' Awakening of England in the nineteenth century. Federation will be held in Fullerton Hall, Art In- Fertilizing causes ; the French Revolution; German stitute, Feb. 13, 10:30 a. m . literature and philosophy, Carlyle expressing both; Special order of business, nomination of officers the historian of the French Revolution; the inter- for ensuing year. preter of German thought to his countrymen. Hard but earnest family background of Carlyle. The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teach- Early struggles and ill-health. After a long and ers' Federation will meet Monday, February 1 , at bitter battle, renouncing for conscientious reasons 4 p. m., in Room 437, Unity Bldg. the ministry, his intended vocation, dedicating him- JOSEPHINE NICHOLS, self to the precarious life of an independent literary Cor. Secretary, worker. 341 S. Forty- third Ave. 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. BOARD MEETING . Cullum, Adelaide S., Earle school. Continued From Jan. 22, 1904. Dillon, Annie L., Tilden school. ELEMENTARY TEACHERS-TRANSFERS . Downey, Lucinda W., Nixon school. Aldrich, Ella M., from Jackson to Wadsworth school. Evans, Edith L., Coonley and Avondale school. Asmus, Hermine A., from Greeley to Scanlan school. Forsland, Mary G. , Goethe school. Becker, Minnie A., from Thomas to Darwin school. Hanks , Desta L., Hamilton school. Black, Jennie A., from Bass to Earle school. Higgins, Anna S., Normal school. Cavanaugh, Rose M., from Schiller to Hendricks school. Hjertsted, D. Josephine, Nixon school. Clark, Mary F. , from Agassiz to Goethe school. Howes, Beatrice, Von Humboldt school. Dummer, Carrie, from Chalmers to Fifteenth and Wash- Jackson, Harry, McKinley school. tenaw school . Jordan, Nora J., Fulton school. Edwards , Marie, from West Pullman to Ray school. Kemmerling, Mathilde C., Healy school. Fravel , Pearl, from Hammond to Fifteenth and Washte- Lansden, Mary G., Kozminski school. naw school. Lincoln, Marjorie Mac B., La Salle school. Furey, Mary, from Marquette to Jackson school. Loveridge, Blanche G., La Salle school. Hodge, James A., from Parental to Raster school. Macey, Gertrude Rae, Lowell school. Hoenes, Louise E., from Linne to Greeley school . McMain, Jessie, Tilden school. Hulick, Katherine A. , from Greene to Moseley school. Morris, Lulu, Bradwell school . Hutchinson, Sarah, from Austin to Oakland school. Morrison, Florence, Greenwood Avenue school. Kresse, Laura E., from Bismarck to Howland school. Patterson, Minnie E., Hammond school. Little, Letitia D., from Drummond to Sexton school. Peach, Adeline E, Froebel school. Lybach , Johanna, from Chalmers to Fifteenth and Wash- Pearson, Emma W., La Salle school. tenaw school . Priest, Grace Yates, Harrison school. Lordon, Margaret H., from Garfield to Jefferson school. Raftis . Lillian Bowler, Komensky school . Manley, Celia, from Chalmers to Fifteenth and Washte- Russian, Wanda, Englewood school. naw school. Schwartz, Helen, Healy school. McMillen, Catherine J., from Earle to Felsenthal school. Tomblin , Cora A., Jungman school. McNellis , Bridgie R., Wabansia Avenue to Well school. Toner, Alice R. M., Brighton school. Merten, Henrietta S., Chalmers to Fifteenth and Wash- Vining, Effie M., Kozminski school. tenaw school. Wagner, Helen D. Broderick, Seward school. Mills , Genevieve, Clay to Washburne school. Warren, Minnie A., Goudy school. Murray, Katherine M., from Montefiore to Jefferson Wertheim, Alwine B., Haven school. school. UNASSIGNED LIST. Murphy, Agnes G., from Scanlan to Bass school. Nowlan , Anna, from Chalmers to Fifteenth and Washte- Beardsley, Eloise, Madison Avenue school. naw school . Bouhan, Elizabeth, Washburne school. O'Connor, Etta, from McClellan to Fuller school. Boyd, Louise M., Schiller school. Brassiard, Antoinette M. , Wentworth school. O'Neill, Anna, from Chalmers to Fifteenth and Washte- naw school. Briggs, Agnes F., Von Humboldt school. Raphaelsky, Ralph, from Schley to Washington school. Casey, Regina M. (Cavanaugh) , Howland. Reilly, Margaret F., from Bryant to Fifteenth and Wash- Collins , Margaret A., Audubon school. tenaw school. Eaton, Lillian F., Tilton school. Reinhard, Amelia, from Washburne to Swing school. Graham, Grace, Earle school. Rynick, Josephine, from Spry to Throop school. Gray, Mary E. , Agassiz school. Richardson, May H., from Chase to Lafayette school. Hannan, Agnes, Swing school . Hogan, Loretto C., Drake school. Scherzinger, Bertha, from Sumner to Ericsson school. Krupka, Helen R., South Chicago high school. Taylor, Martha M. , from Belding to Thomas school. Tennery, Cora P., from Kershaw to Felsenthal school . Lefebvre, Georgiana, Burns school. Thiel, Elizabeth, from Mark Sheridan to Ray school . Lewellyn, Annie, Belding school. Thompson, Alma A., from Jones to Mark Sheridan Lewis, Grace A., Emerald Avenue school . school. Lundstrom, Nels, Agassiz school. Tobias, Laura E., from Tilton to Medill school. Murphy, Eleanor M., Greeley school. Trout, Edgar W., from Tilton to Fifteenth and Washte- O'Brien, Nellie, Hancock school. naw school . Page, Gertrude S., Howland school. Bachelle, Ottilie V., from Hamilton to Belding school. Parelius, Alvilda, Wells school. Walker, Jessie A., from Burley to Blaine school. Patterson, Jean S., Burroughs school. Sears , Amelia, Brown school. KINDERGARTEN TEACHERS-TRANSFERS . Sienank, Louise, Earle school. Chandler, Jennie C., from Haven and Moseley to O'Toole Thorsson, Bertha, Sexton school. school. Toll, Agnes L., Lowell school. Gerts, Kate, from Lowell and Stowe to Gladstone school. Vanwinkle, Josephine Reed, list for assignment. Barbour, Grace E., from Gladstone to Notley school. Waiss, Margaret, Throop school. KINDERGARTEN TEACHERS-ASSIGNMENTS . Wilson, Frances Henderson, Phil Sheridan school. Benson, Margaret M. , Armour and Brenan school. Woodford, Mary Merrill, O'Toole school. Boughton , Edith M., Dante school. Woodle, Mary K., Jackson school. Cheney, Mary L., Gladstone school. Woodward, Tennie C., Wadsworth school. Gorham, Marie, Seward school. Concurred in. Howell, Mary, Holmes school. Snowhook, Lila M. , Schiller school. Taylor, Daisy E., Schley and Wicker Park school. Whipple, Susan T., Drummond school. IF I CAN SUCCEED Concurred in . To the Board of Education of the City of Chicago : inmaking clear toyouwhat ismeant by LOANS BY The committee on school management reports that it is in CORRESPONDENCE you will never borrow onany receipt of the following report from the superintendent of otherplan. Address E. B., Federation Bulletin,437UnityBidg . schools, and recommend concurrence therein : The superintendent of schools respectfully reports that By permission Igive this paperas my referenca he has received and has accepted the resignations of teach- ers according to the attached list : LIST OF RESIGNATIONS . Armstrong, Nellie L. (Walsh), Knickerbocker school. LOANS TO TEACHERS Bowles , Charlotte, Bass school . Barnes , Myra L. , Harvard school. By a Teacher Brainard, Helen Louise, Wentworth school. AT LIVE AND LET LIVE LOW RATES Burch, Louis H., Yale Practice school. "Wherewithal" and no tattling. Calley, James W., McClellan school. L. A. care FEDERATION BULLETIN, 437 UNITY BUILDING Cleanes, Irene, Hyde Park school. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 7 FEDERAL The First TRUST & SAVINGS National $2,000,000 CAPITAL BANK SURPLUS $500,000 A Banking, Savings and Trust Company Bank business transacted. We invite interviews or correspondence from individuals, firms or corporations contemplating making changes or opening is now new accounts . OFFICERS. DIRECTORS. located in its Thomas P. Phillips, President. E. H. Gary, Chairman, Charles Deering, NathanG. Moore, W. J. Chalmers. new office, Vice President and Alfred H. Mulliken. Counsel. C. B. Shedd. Charles S. Castle, A. E. Musbaum. Cashier. T. P. Phillips. F. J. Scheidenhelm, Norman B. Ream. Asst. Cashier. NathanG. Moore. 119 Edwin L. Wagner, Asst. Cashier. Irving J. Shuart, E. J. Buffington. D. W. Burrows. W. E. Phillips. Secretary. J. N. Vance. Monroe St. N. E. Car. La Salle and Adams Streets . AGood Chance NORTH CHICAGO for Worthy Young BUSINESS COLLEGE People 444 Garfield Avenue Near Lincoln and Cleveland Aves. The princi , al of NORTH CHICAGO BUSINESS COLLEGE will allow a 4 discount of 10% on regular prices Business, Shorthand and to all graduates of 8th grade, or any year High School from Public Typewriting, English or Parochial Schools, who enter and two years' High School Departments. for a 3 months course from this date to February 15th, 1904. Those DAY AND EVENING SESSIONS who cannot pay in advance may arrange for 6 month's course, pay- 2 Positions :-Demand for our competent stu- able after position is secured. We have a larger demand (about dents exceeds the supply. 5 to 1) cortinually, for our compe- 1 year $80.00, 3 mos. $ 25.00, 6 mos. $45.00 tent graduates than we can supply. Night School, $10.00 3 mos. The school is equal to any in the U. S. and absolutely safe in case of Graduates of high schools unable to pay in fire or panic stampedes. : advance, may pay after securing a position. Yours respectfully, Competency in 6 months. C. C. COCHRAN, C. C. COCHRAN, Principal. Principal and Proprietor. 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. RETT EVERENOS THE ARE YOU AWARE THAT NORTH AMERICAN The REVIEW JOHN CHURCH CO. 260 WABASH AVE. THE mostnotableliteraryeventofthe year 1904 will be the serial publi cation in THE NORTH AMERICAN Allow REVIEW of a new novel, "The Son of Royal Langbrith," by William Dean Special Discounts Howells,beginningintheJanuarynumber to School Teachers? : 50 cents a copy; $5.00 ayear Write Dept. "S" for Catalogues, Prices, Terms, Etc. The North American Review, HARVARDOS FRANKLIN SQUARE, N. Υ. NOW IS THE TIME To Secure the New 1903 Edition of Ridpath's History of the United States less than ever sold before-sets sent on approval-an easyway to 50% get this matchless set of books-a necessity in every American home The name of Dr. Ridpath, our greatest historian, is known from Main to California, and this sweeping reduction places for the first time within the reach of every intelligent American the graphic story of the heroic deeds of our forefathers as only he can tell it. UNIVERSALLY COMMENDED- FASCINATING AS A ROMANCE. This is the only history endorsed by such scholars and thinkers as the late President McKinley; ex-President White of Cornell; Prof. Churchill of Oberlin; Dr. Buckley of the Christian Advocate; Hezekiah Butterworth, former editor Youίλ'ε Companion; W. R. Houghton, A. M., Professor of History, Indiana University; Prof. Bennett, Boston University; Prof. Edwards of McKendee; W. D. Wilson. D. D. LL. D., Registrar ofCornell, and thousands of other famous men and women who have born witness to its absorbing interest and value. THE NEW 1903 IMPERIAL EDITION Revised and enlarged into Five Superb Royal Octavo Volumes-Lavishly Illustrated-contains our country's history from earliest times todate, and has been enriched by hundreds of new Map Race Charts, Chronological-Charts and text illustrations, together with over 100 full-page photogravures and half-tone Etchings of Famous Historical Paintings by Trumbull, Chapman and other great artists, making it the most valuable collection of historical illustrations ever embodied in anywork. D. A. McKINLAY & CO., New York Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin 100 Vol. 3. CHICAGO, FEBRUARY 5, 1904. No. 10. BOARD OF EDUCATION . $1,200. Since that time he has received the regular yearly increase in salary, and at the close of the current school Wednesday , Feb. 3 , 1904 . year will advance to the fourth year salary. Prior to his The Committee on School Management reports that it election, however, Mr. Baker had served one year as head is in receipt of the following reports from the Superin- assistant in the Normal Practice School, and one year as tendent of Schools : principal of schools outside of the city. The Superintendent further reports that he was not The Superintendent of Schools respectfully reports that informed of the rule of the Board, when Mr. Baker was he has received the resignation of Miss Margaret Byrne, elected principal, which allows credit on the salary sched- a teacher in the Sherman School, who has been in the ule for each year of service as head assistant up to the service of the Board of Education as a teacher in the public schools for forty years. The Superintendent feels maximum of three years, to persons advanced from that position by election to principalships of the first or second that her resignation ought not to be accepted without group of schools. See Proceedings Board of Education, some special notice being called to it. Such a record is phenomenal and indicates both efficient work on the part May 2, 1900, p. 409, adopted May 16, 1900, p. 423, as fol- lows : of Miss Byrne and appreciation of it on the part of the Any such assistant, being elected principal of a first Board of Education and its officials. The committee rec- ommends that the President of the Board and the Super- or second group school, shall receive credit for each year intendent of Schools inform Miss Byrne of the Board's of service as such assistant up to the maximum of three appreciation of her record and work in the public schools. years, but no more; that is to say, shall receive for the first year as principal not to exceed $ 1.500. The Superintendent of Schools respectfully reports that The Superintendent therefore recommends that, in order he has discussed the question of fire drills with the Dis- to correct the error made and give the usual credit for trict Superintendents, Supervisor of Physical Culture and experience, the salary of Mr. Harry T. Baker be advanced with some of the principals of the schools, and submits to the sixth year of the principals' salary schedule, $1,700, certain general regulations which, in his opinion, may upon the basis of experience indicated above. properly be adopted as rules by the Board of Education. ASSIGNMENTS OF ELEMENTARY TEACHERS . It is important to recollect, however, that the schools differ so much in their architecture that many of the de- Bonfield, Marie F., Thorp School. tails must be left to the judgment of the principal. No Connors, Frances Graham, Marsh School. one general rule can cover these details. Crowley, Alice M. , Schiller School. The Superintendent therefore recommends the adoption Hansen, Andrea T. , Norwood Park School. of the following rules by the Board of Education : Hildebrandt Elsa J., Ryerson School. "I. There shall be adopted in every school a regular Loeffler, Julia, Scammon School . formation of pupils, which formation shall be used at every Maher, Jessie M., Jackson School. dismissal, the same formation to be used for fire drill. Marum, Elizabeth, Healy School. "II. The pupils in every school shall be dismissed so McGraw, Lillian V., Ryerson School. far as possible down the nearest stairway-the boys and Murphy, Helen N. , La Salle School. girls from a given room using the same stairway, so as Ryan, Annie A., West Pullman School. to avoid crossing in the halls. In order to avoid the pos- Taylor, Jean W., Morse School. sibility of injury to the smaller children on the first floor Williams, Ida S. , King School. in large buildings having a central entrance with a suita- TRANSFERS OF ELEMENTARY TEACHERS . ble stairway, only the rooms on the first floor shall be Dennis, Pauline G., from Nash School to Spencer School. dismissed by this central entrance. Furey, Mary, from Jackson School to Chase School. III. In every school there shall be a signal from the Goldberg, Charlotte, from Healy School to Drake School . bells which shall be understood by the teachers as a signal Graham, Belle G., from Scammon School to Morse for an emergency or fire drill dismissal. This signal shall School. be one which shall inform the teachers : Greene, Lucy B., from Tilton School to Spencer School. "(a) That an emergency or fire drill dismissal is to be Holmes, Helen A., from Beidler School to Spencer made. School . "(b) In case either of the stairways is obstructed the Kindig, Louise F., from Tilton School to Spencer School. signal shall be such as to inform the teachers of that fact. Lennes, Leonora S., from Ryerson School to Morse The dismissal in the latter case shall be by the remaining School. stairway or stairways. The form of the drill adopted McLelland, Annie J., from Ryerson School to Morse should provide for such an emergency. School . "IV. The drill in every school shall be used with such Nixon, Edna B., from Forestville School to Cornell frequency that the pupils shall become familiar with the School . movements they will be expected to make in an emergency. Preble, Adelaide F., from Ryerson School to Spencer "V. Fire drills in the public schools shall not be prac- School. ticed during such weather as will expose the health of Quarton, Kate I., from Ryerson School to Morse School . the children. Reid, Mary H., from Cornell School to Kosminski "VI. Principals are requested to report in detail before School. February 15 to the Superintendent of Schools for his ap- Samuels, Fannie, from Drake School to Washburne proval the form of fire drill over and above the rule School. adopted by the Board which they wish to put into practice Satterlee, Anna S., from Ryerson School to Spencer in their schools." School . The Superintendent of Schools respectfully reports that Shader, Olive G., from Ryerson School to Morse School. Mr. Harry T. Baker was elected principal of the Normal Wilder, Malissa, from Ryerson School to Morse School . Practice School June 26, 1901, at which time his salary Williams, Jane E., from King School to Nixon School. was fixed at the first year of the principals' schedule, The Superintendent of Schools reports that he has 1 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. transferred, temporarily, to the school for apprentices in EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES . the Lyman Trumbull School building, the following named There is available for educational purposes for the year teachers : Lyman H. Coleman, from the Blaine School, 1904, as follows : Riley O. Johnson, from the Blaine School, Charles J. General Fund, Educational Ac- Lunak, from the Smyth School, and has appointed as count, balance, January 1, 1904.. $ 44,988.25 teacher of mechanical and architectural drawing, James Educational Account, estimated Dibelka, who holds a certificate as teacher of drawing in proportion of undistributed taxes the high schools, and as substitute teacher Edward Hen- of 1900, held by City Treasurer . 171,320.40 dricks, a substitute teacher in the elementary schools School Fund, cash on hand Jan- The Superintendent respectfully recommends that uary 1, 1904... 36,702.50 James Dibelka be elected teacher in charge of the school Estimated Revenue : for apprentices for the months of January, February and Tuition Deaf Schools . .$ 20,000.00 March. Rentals, School Fund Property .... 475,000.00 State School Tax .... 310,000.00 The Superintendent further reports that the school day for the School for Apprentices has been made two hours Interest on bonds and mortgages .. 50,000.00 longer than the regular school sessions of the elementary Miscellaneous sources 4,000.00 schools , and recommends that the salary of James Dibelka, -$1,112,011.15 whose regular salary as teacher in the high school was School Tax Levy, 1903 ....... $6,624,859.82 Less estimated loss and cost of $1,500, be fixed at the rate of $200 per month; that the collection 331,242.54 salaries of the other teachers be fixed at 40 per cent in advance of their regular salaries in the positions from 6,293,609.28 which they have been transferred ; and that the salary of Edward Hendricks, substitute, be fixed at $4.25 per day, Total $7,405,619.43 which is approximately 40 per cent in advance of the regu- SALARIES OF ENGINEERS AND JANITORS . lar pay of substitute teachers in the elementary schools . The apportionment does not provide for any changes The Superintendent of Schools reports that the attend- in the schedule of salaries for engineers and janitors. It, ance during the winter term at a few of the public school however, provides for a slight increase which is made nec- kindergartens has been so small that he deems it best to essary by the building of new schools. recommend to this Committee that half-day sessions be OFFICIAL SALARIES AND SALARIES OF SUPER- substituted for full-day sessions in the kindergartens of INTENDENTS , PRINCIPALS AND TEACHERS the following named schools : Bradwell, Keith, Burnside, IN THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS . Madison, Burroughs, Parkside, Ellis Avenue and Puliman. The Superintendent further recommends that he be The apportionment provides for, and the committee rec- authorized to make such arrangements of morning and ommends, the readoption of the schedules of official sal- afternoon sessions in the above named kindergartens as aries and of salaries of superintendents, principals and may be found to be desirable. teachers in the Normal, High and Elementary schools Reports concurred in. which were in effect in December, 1903. The apportionment The Committee on School Management recommends provides for the regular, annual increase on the schedules that the following named teacher of sewing, who now and for the advancement from group to group of princi- holds a valid certificate, be re-elected to the position of pals and teachers who comply with the rules for promo- teacher in the Household Arts Department : Nannie E. tion. White, teacher of sewing, Second Group, fifth year, salary EVENING SCHOOLS. $975, to date from February 1, 1904. This apportionment provides for the maintenance during That the following named experienced teachers, who five (5) months of the year 1904 of the twenty-two ( 22) hold valid certificates and who have served satisfactorily evening schools which were in operation during the year as substitute teachers for a period of four months, be 1903, with the addition of the Richard T. Crane Manual placed on the list for appointment, in accordance with the Training High School. rules : Goodrich, Jennie E.; Launer, Stella May; McIl- KINDERGARTENS . vaine, Julia L. (kindergarten) ; Miller, Caroline E.; This apportionment provides for the maintenance of O'Heron, Nellie; Schroeder, Minnie M.; Willard, Cor- the kindergartens which were in operation in 1903, together rine S. That the following named former teachers in the Chi- with an appropriation for the equipment and maintenance of ten ( 10) new kindergartens to be opened in September, cago public schools, who hold valid certificates, be placed 1964. on the list for appointment, in accordance with the rules : HIGH SCHOOLS . Downey, Lucinda W.; Parelius, Alvilda. This apportionment provides for the usual items of ex- That Miss Elizabeth W. Murphy, Principal of the Ogden pense for the maintenance of the high schools, with a pro- School, be elected acting principal of the Franklin Evening vision for the equipment of gymnasiums and laboratories School in the absence of Miss Boughan on account of ill- ness. Miss Murphy's appointment to date from January in the four (4) new high schools that are to be opened during the year. 18, 1904, and her salary to be fixed at the schedule rate Provision is also made for the purchase of fifty (50) new for principals of evening schools. typewriting machines to replace the machines returned to That the following named experienced teachers, who the Hammond Typewriter Co. have had experience in teaching previous to being ap- RICHARD T. CRANE MANUAL TRAINING HIGH pointed in the Chicago public schools, and by their success SCHOOL . have shown the benefit of such experience, be advanced on the salary schedule of the second group of elementary This apportionment provides for the usual salaries of teachers, as follows : teachers and for necessary supplies, together with a small Cheney, Mary I., 22 years' experience, to second year. appropriation for additions to equipment which are made Danley, Sue, 15 years' experience, to fifth year. necessary by the increase in the number of pupils attending the school. Eyles, Clara E., 16 years' experience, to third year. CHICAGO NORMAL SCHOOL. Gehrkens, Mary E., one year in Chicago, 6 years out. side, to fourth year. This apportionment provides for the usual items of ex- Wheldon, Gertrude I., one year in Chicago, two years pense connected with the maintenance of the school, to- outside, to third year. gether with an appropriation for Normal Extension To date from Febzruary 1 , 1904. classes. The total appropriation for the Normal School, Reports concurred in. however, is smaller than that of last year. The Committee on Finance begs to submit the following MANUAL TRAINING IN GRAMMAR SCHOOLS . report with reference to the finances, and their recom- This apportionment provides for the maintenance of the mendations for the year 1904 ; present manual training centers and for the employment of There is available for building purposes for the year the present corps of teachers, together with an appropria- 1904, as follows : tion to meet the expense of opening five (5) new centers $1,115,528.00 and the employment of ten ( 10 ) additional teachers. These School tax levy, 1903, less estimated loss and additional teachers are necessary in order to enable the cost of collection.... 1,310,177.52 department to give each school one lesson per week, in- stead of a lesson once in two weeks as has been the rule Total ..$2,425,705.52 during the past year. 1 T CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 3 HOUSEHOLD ARTS. crease of cost of wearing apparel, household fur- This apportionment provides for the usual expense of niture and rent. maintaining this department, together with an appropria- tion for opening three (3) new centers for cooking and In a recent investigation held for the purpose of the employment of nine (9) additional teachers-six (6). arbitrating the question of street car men's wages teachers of cooking and three (3) teachers of sewing. in San Francisco it was shown that rents for such This provision for additional teachers is made for the pur- houses as were occupied by men earning a thou- pose of providing one lesson per week to each school in- stead of the usual lesson once in two weeks . sand dollars a year had increased twenty per cent. SCHOOL CENSUS . Cross-examination failed to shake this testimony, This apportionment provides for the taking of the school which in every case was backed up by the produc census as contemplated by the statutes, and the committee tion of the rent receipts. recommends that the enumerators employed to do this Similar proof was offered in recent investigations work be paid at the rate of $250 per day. Report concurred in. in Chicago, New York and Denver . Owing to combinations among manufacturers and dealers all such commodities as coal and coal. THE WORKER'S SMALL SHARE . oil have increased not twenty per cent, but nearer The cost of foods to the average poor family of forty per cent. America has increased sixteen per cent since 1896. In view of these facts, the workingman may well This statement is based upon the figures contained ask what has become of his share of the great pros- in the eighteenth annual report of the Bureau of perity of the country. Labor for the year 1903, which was published last He may have received a fifteen per cent increase week. in wages, but he has had to pay sixteen per cent This increase is confined to food alone, and does more for his food, and twenty per cent more for not include the tremendous increase in rent which his rent and coal. has burdened dwellers in our great cities during the Prosperity, instead of helping him, has crowded past few years . him between the upper millstone of the trusts and The data were made up from information gath- the nether millstone of high prices for food prod- ered from 25,440 families . ucts. These families consist of an average of 5 1-3 Where does the prosperity for the plain people persons . come in ?-Chicago American. The income of these families averages $827.19 a year. The expenditures average $768.54 per year. TOM REED AND W. A. CURTIS . The disbursements were : Under the title, "A Man's View of Co-Educa- Food, 42.54; payments on mortgages, taxes, prop- tion," W. A. Curtis in the Outlook makes the sur- erty, life insurance, religion, charity, amusements, intoxicating liquors, sickness and death, 14.51 . prising assertion that the opposition of certain col- Miscellaneous purposes not reported, such as lege boys to co-education, however rudely it may pocket money and small presents, amounted to 5.87. manifest itself, is in the interest of women, and is Rent, 12.95 . "an effort to save her from herself." This recalls Clothing, 14.04. Tom Reed's famous minority report in Congress Fuel and lighting, 5.25 . some years ago in favor of woman suffrage. The Furniture and utensils, 3.42 . report said : Tobacco, 1.42. "No one who listens to the reasons given by the Outside of food expenses no computation was superior class for the continuance of any system made by the government, but with the exception of of subjection can fail to be impressed with the noble rent and tobacco the government expert is of the disinterestedness of mankind. Hence, when it is opinion that they vary very little from 1896. proposed to give the women an opportunity to pre- In 1896 the average cost of food per family was sent their case to the various State Legislatures to $296.76. demand equality of political rights, it is not surpris- Last year it was $344.61 . ing to find that the reasons on which the continu- In estimating the bearing of this increase of six- ance of the inferiority of women is urged, are teen per cent in the cost of food on the working drawn almost entirely from a tender consideration population of the country, many things must be of their own good. The anxiety felt lest they should taken into consideration . thereby deteriorate would be an honor to human na- Few workingmen, and none whatever engaged in ture were it not a historical fact that the same manufacturing work, are employed steadily, but al! sweet solicitude has been put up as a barrier against must eat steadily, dress steadily, and live in houses every progress which women have made since civil- steadily. ization began." From this it will be seen that while the increase Mr. Curtis objects to co-education on the ground of the percentage of expenditures is going on al! that college women are "serving an apprenticeship the time, the increase of earnings which has been for active life in the world," for "a life of active granted in some trades goes on only part of the competition with the men," etc. But this is an ar- time. gument against women's collegiate education in We think it would be just to say that a sixteen general, not against co-education. A woman may per cent increase in the price of food would require go out into the world and earn a living by teaching at least a twenty per cent increase in wages to put Latin, no matter whether she studied Latin at Bryn the workingman in the same position that he pre- Mawr or at the University of Michigan. Is Mr. viously occupied. Curtis prepared to say that women should be de- It is very unfortunate that the government expert barred from higher education altogether ? ALICE STONE BLACKWELL. was unable to secure accurate figures of the in- 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION NATIONAL EDUCATIONAL ASSOCIATION . BULLETIN Secretary's Office. Official Organ of the Chiorso Teachers' Federation. Winona, Minn., Dec. 19, 1903 . To Officers and Members of the N. Ε. Α .: Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Ilinois, as Second-Class Matter, The Executive Committee, after careful consid- December 23, 1991. eration, have, by unanimous vote, selected St. Louis, THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the Mo., as the place for the forty-third annual conven- year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of Apriland December. tion of the National Educational Association, July THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Pity Cents per year. Single copies, Five Cents . 5-9, 1904, to be held in connection with the Uni- ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received by Tuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. versal Exposition in that city. ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to The great promise of the Exposition; the gener- the order of the Federation Bulletin. ous provisions in a special building for all educa- THE EDITOR , tional interests ; the confident assurances that the 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO. Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 6 p. m. Phone Central 3904. educational exhibits will be the largest, best selected, and most representative yet gathered at any ex- position ; and the certain benefits to teachers which TEACHERS' CLUB will follow careful, systematic study of such exhib- Of Camden, N. J. its, were leading considerations which determined the action of the committee. Added to these may Camden, N. J., Jan. 29, 1904. be mentioned also the opportunity for the Associa- To the Chicago Teachers' Federation. tion to aid, as possibly no other agency could do, in Miss Margaret A. Haley :-The Teachers' Club rendering the educational exhibits most profitable of Camden, N. J., in session Jan. 19, 1904, desires to national educational interests, and the fact that to express sincere sympathy with your grief for the the Exposition will be located near the geograph- loss of so many of your members in the sad disaster ical center of the Association's membership. which recently befell your city. Though their re- The Exposition authorities, and the various edu- moval has filled your hearts with sorrow, the beauty cational and business organizations of St. Louis of their lives is enshrined in your memories . have united in tendering to the officers of the Asso- "To live in hearts we leave behind ciation the most liberal assistance and facilities for Is not to die." the work of the convention and for securing the MARGARET T. MAGSE, President. comfortable and economical entertainment of the ELIZABETH SHARP, Secretary. members. It is proposed to modify the usual programs ANNUAL CONVENTION OF NATIONAL for the convention by making the various features WOMAN SUFFRAGE ASSOCIATION . of the exhibits the chief topics for papers and dis- cussions. These programs will be outlined at a The thirty-sixth annual convention of the Na- conference of Department Presidents to be held in tional American Woman Suffrage Association will St. Louis, January I and 2, proximo. be held in National Rifles' Armory Hall, Washing- It is proposed that the various sessions be lim- ton, D. C. , Feb. 11th to 17th, inclusive. ited in number and length, in order that the papers A program of unusual interest has been prepared and discussions may be practically applied in study- consisting of an evening with the national officers . ing the exhibits. Each department will hold two one with philanthropists and one with sociologists, sessions as usual. The general sessions, four only when men and women foremost along these various in number, will be devoted to discussions of the lines will be heard. various national educational systems as illustrated There will be an afternoon and evening devoted by the exhibits. No evening sessions will be held. to Colorado speakers. Mrs. Ellis Merideth of Col- The presence and co-operation of eminent foreign orado, one of the cleverest newspaper women in educators are assured to present the characteristics the United States, will respond to a question box, of their respective systems and to assist in a com- when opportunity will be given to all persons to parative and intelligent study of their illustrative exhibits. ask any questions they may desire concerning the operation of woman suffrage in Colorado. It is believed that the teachers of the country Woman suffrage has been tried for ten years will appreciate the rare opportunities that will be in Colorado and some of the state's most eminent offered by this proposed combination of convention discussions and exhibit-studies and will show that citizens are coming to Washington to this conven- tion to tell how it has worked. appreciation by their attendance and co-operation. Congressional hearings will be given woman suf- It is probable that the regular railway rates to frage on the morning of the 16th. the Exposition will be so low as to preclude a spe- cial N. E. A. convention rate; but arrangements On Monday afternoon at 2:30 o'clock there will be a reception to the delegates at the White House are under way for offering to the N. E. A. mem- by President and Mrs. Roosevelt and at 4 o'clock bers, both active and associate, such concessions on on the same day the delegates will be received by cost of membership and admissions, and such spe- Miss Clara Barton, at her own home. Miss Barton cial rates for entertainment, that the teachers will find the time of the N. E. A. Convention the most has a large collection of medals and flags which economical and agreeable for visiting the Exposi- have been presented to her for her services by many nations which will make a visit to her home of spe- tion as well as the most profitable for studying the educational exhibits. cial interest. JRWIN SHEPARD , JOHN W. Cook, The hotel headquarters will be the Shoreham, Secretary N. E. A .. President N. E. A. , One and one-third railroad fare. Winona, Minn DeKalb, II. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 5 LECTURES BY EDWARD HOWARD GRIGGS . Carlyle's marriage; story of his personal life. Tickets for Four Lectures, One Dollar. Ten years of struggle to make a living without abdicating moral independence. Spiritual autobi- Arrangements have been made which enable the ography and the heart of his gospel in "Sartor Re- Federation to offer to the members of its Educa- sartus. " Victory and gloom coming together. Sad- tional Department Course tickets for one dollar to ness of his late years . the remaining four lectures to be given by Mr. Carlyle essentially a moral prophet. Hatred of Griggs as announced here. The regular price of these course tickets is $2 shams and preaching the gospel of work and sin- cerity. His own conception of moral leadership in for the four lectures and 75c a single lecture. "Heroes and Hero Worship." His place : the hero The Federation makes no offer on single lectures, as a man of letters. but its course tickets are good in the hands of any member of the Educational Department. Thus Emerson, like Socrates, an unofficial public serv- four members of the department may purchase a ant, dedicated to the life of the spirit, living in course ticket for one dollar and each teacher so serene harmony with his own ideal. Other leaders more prominent than Emerson in public affairs, but purchasing may attend a single lecture at a cost of his the most fertilizing mind America has produced 25c, but these course tickets sold by the Federation hitherto. will not be honored in the hands of others than LECTURE V.- EMERSON . members of the Educational Department of the Federation. Family and world forces molding Emerson. Awakening of New England. Emerson's relation Apply at Federation office, 437 Unity, for special to the transcendental movement. course tickets . Slow unfolding of Emerson's genius ; his great- ness character, not talent. Absense of painful strug- Four Lectures by Edward Howard Griggs . gles. Finding of his mission. Works in which his To be given on alternate Saturday mornings, positive teaching is best expressed. The great ideas February 6, 20, March 5, 19, 1904, at II o'clock, to which he constantly returns. at Steinway Hall, 17 Van Buren street, Chicago. Results of Emerson's method. Question as to his Tickets for the course, $2.00 ; for single lectures, limitations . The two views of life : from within the 75 cents ; on sale at the box office, Steinway build- smoke and suffering of the battle; from the serene ing. mountain heights. Carlyle expressing the strength III. Victor Hugo . and weakness of the one, Emerson of the other. IV. Carlyle. LECTURE VI .-TOLSTOY . V. Emerson . Civilization from which Tolstoy springs. Causes VI. Tolstoy. of the striking contradictions in Russian life. Re- Course tickets for the remaining four lectures, sults of bringing a vigorous, barbaric people sud- $2.00. denly into contact with the most refined French LECTURE III .-VICTOR HUGO. culture and art. Moral leaders in the nineteenth century. Last Tolstoy Russian of the Russians in the main ten- birth-throes of the modern spirit in the French dencies of his character; yet unique in his intellec- Revolution. France the chief theater because of the tual and moral conclusions. His early life ; experi- ences in war. The same intensity which makes him conditions of her life and the character of her peo- ple. Fruit of the Revolution reaped long afterward ; a moral leader marking his period of reckless world- Hugo the best expression of its final contribution ly living. Epoch of his great novels; autobiographi- to civilization. cal element in them all. Action and reaction of Hugo's life parellelling the Crisis in Tolstoy's life. Reaction in middle age movement of his country. His sincerity. Expres- against the entire spirit and work of his previous sion in him of the strength and weakness of French career . Terrible moral struggle narrated in "Mv character. Early precocity. Earnest work ; first Confession. " Tolstoy's solution ; its worth and great productive period. Romanticism. limitations. Value of his later writings in compari- Public life of Hugo. The second republic. Strug- son with those of his great creative period. Ques- gle with Louis Napoleon. Exile and works of bit- tion whether Tolstoy has found peace. His great- terness. Message as moral leader in " Les Miser- ness as moral leader due to his desperate earnest- ables" and " William Shakespeare. " Triumphal re- ness and uncompromising facing of life. Holders of these special tickets must also present their turn to France. Hugo's protest against classes and membership cards in the Educational Department of the militarism ; positive gospel of freedom and humani- Federation at each of these lectures in Steinway Hall. ty. Hugo not a seer upon the mountain, but a herald in the arena. THE CAT UPON THE PILLAR . LECTURE IV .- CARLYLE. Once a cat upon a pillar met a caterpillar crawling ; Awakening of England in the nineteenth century. Cried the cat upon the pillar to the caterpillar, bawl- Fertilizing causes ; the French Revolution ; German ing : literature and philosophy, Carlyle expressing both ; "Could you find no other pillar, O you caterpillar the historian of the French Revolution; the inter- vile, preter of German thought to his countrymen. Upon which to do your crawling in your cater- Hard but earnest family background of Carlyle. pillary style ?" Early struggles and ill-health. After a long and Wailed the cat upon the pillar, then the caterpillar bitter battle, renouncing for conscientious reasons mauling : the ministry, his intended vocation, dedicating him- "On this pillar, caterpillar, I shall do some cater- self to the precarious life of an independent literary wauling. " worker.. -Anna Pierpont Siviter in the Criterion. 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. MADONNA . ANNOUNCEMENTS . Thine eyes look far beyond the world of sin,- Thy gentle eyes, that pain and death must see. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION . Unshadowed are thy soul's pure deeps within; Pain, death and sin lift up their hands to thee. The regular meeting of the Chicago Teachers ' In those clear depths where Peace with Sorrow dwelleth, Federation will be held in Fullerton Hall, Art In- All woman's dower of pain and joy doth lie ; stitute, Feb. 13, 10:30 a. m. For grief itself to beauty Love compelleth, Special order of business, nomination of officers To heal the grief of souls that faint and die. for ensuing year. But vain were love and grief and joy and longing, Unless in thee God's work had been complete ; The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teach- And earth were void, with forms of beauty thronging , ers' Federation will meet Monday, February 15, at But for thy heart, where God with Man could meet . 4 p. m. , in Room 437, Unity Bldg. The world must hunger, having all the rest, JOSEPHINE NICHOLS, Until thou come, the Child upon thy breast. Cor. Secretary, 341 S. Forty-third Ave. THE NEW YORK SUN CONGRATULATES CHICAGO TEACHERS' CLUB . WOMEN UPON THEIR PROGRESS . The New York Sun in extending its congratula- The Chicago Teachers' Club will give a luncheon tions to the " Club Women," says : Feb. 13th, at 230 South Clark street. "The Club Woman has good reason for exulta- Rev. David Beaton of the Lincoln Park Congre- tion over the progress made by women in every gational church will address the club on "Scottish direction during the last half century. This move- Literature-Interpretation and Readings." ment began when a few women, among whom the Luncheon at I p. m. Address at 2:30 p. m. Plates, late Elizabeth Cady Stanton was most prominent, 35 cents. Admission to non-members, 15 cents. EMILY A. HAYWARD, MARY E. REYNOLDS, held the first Woman's Rights Convention at Sen- Cor. Sec. Pres. eca Falls, N. Y., in July, 1848. It was an humble beginning, amid general derision, in which women themselves participated almost unanimously, yet A typographical union in North Carolina has since then legislation concerning women and their found a practical way to help a few of the child workers in that state. It has instructed its secre- personal and property rights has undergone a com- plete revolution, and their attitude toward social and. tary to select some of the little girls who are work- industrial life has changed radically. The few ing in the cotton mills and send them to school, women on the stage at the Seneca Falls convention paying them their salary from the treasury of the union . The first child selected was nine years old- were ridiculed and lampooned as unsexed monsters. the only support of a sick mother and a baby broth- Now women are frequent speakers at public meet- er. She was getting $ 1.20 a week in the mill, but ings. They have entered into every learned pro- fession and into almost every industry, even into the union voted to raise her wages. This kindly act has created a great deal of attention from all classes some from which they would seem to be debarred of people in the South. One southern labor leader by physical weakness. proposes that all the children who are working in "When the first Woman's Rights Convention the cotton mills be sent to school and have their was held in 1848 the employment of women was wages paid by the state. almost wholly as domestic servants and as school teachers . The Seneca Falls convention of 1848 "He who has a thousand friends has not one friend protested, amid general derision, against the exclu- to spare, sion of women from 'nearly all profitable employ- ments ' and against 'the scanty remuneration she re- And he who has an enemy shall meet him every- where." ceives from those she is permitted to follow.' 'All colleges are closed against her,' said this famous protest, 'all the avenues to wealth and distinction ;' Jedgment day will come too soon fer lots er us. and the accusation was justified. We won't more dan git ter sleep good ' fo' we'll "We congratulate all womanhood on the remark- hatter git up en raise sand. able progress which has been made in the emanci pation of women from the restraints, social and legal, which bound them at the time when Eliza- beth Cady Stanton began her agitation in their be- IF I CAN SUCCEED half less than fifty-six years ago. So far as women in making clear to you what is meant by LOANS BY are concerned the whole face of American society CORRESPONDENCE you will never borrow on any has changed, and the change has been for the bet- other plan. Address E. B. , Federation Bulletin, 437 Unity Bldg. ter, for both men and women." By permission I give this paper as my reference. All breaches of the laws of health are physical sins. When this is generally seen, then and not till then will the physical education of the young re- FARM MORTGAGES ceive the attention it deserves . SAFE , RELIABLE INVESTMENTS Small or large amounts. 6 % Interest . Can give A sack of flour and a barrel of potatoes will con- unquestioned references . vert a poor family quicker than a carload of gospel WM . SPOONER, 814 Tacoma Building, Chicago. tracts, CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 7 FEDERAL The First TRUST & SAVINGS National $2,000,000 CAPITAL BANK $500,000 SURPLUS A Banking, Savings and Trust Company Bank business transacted. We invite interviews or correspondence from individuals, firms or corporations contemplating making changes or opening is now new accounts . OFFICERS. DIRECTORS. located in its Thomas P. Phillips, E. H. Gary, Chairman, President. Charles Deering, NathanG. Moore, W. J. Chalmers. new office, Vice President and Alfred H. Mulliken. Counsel. C. B. Shedd. Charles S. Castle, A. E. Musbaum, Cashier. T. P. Phillips. F. J. Scheidenhelm, Norman B. Ream. 119 Asst. Cashier. Edwin L. Wagner, Asst. Cashier. Irving J. Shuart, NathanG. Moore. E. J. Buffington. D. W. Burrows . W. E. Phillips. Secretary. J. N. Vance. Monroe St. N. E. Cor. La Salle and Adams Streets. BOARD OF EDUCATION. REGULAR COMMITTEE MEETINGS . 1903-1904 . Meetings of the Committee on Buildings and Grounds are held every Friday afternoon at half past 3 o'clock. GRAHAM H. HARRIS, PRESIDENT. Meetings of the Committee on School Management CHARLES A. PLAMONDON, VICE PRESIDENT. every Monday afternoon at 4 o'clock. LEWIS E. LARSON, SECRETARY. Meetings of the Committee on Finance every Tuesday afternoon at 4 o'clock. THOMAS BRENAN, 216 Reaper Blk., Clark and Washington Streets . ...... 1905 D. R. CAMERON, 73 Lake Street . 1905 CLAYTON MARK, Twenty-sixth Street and Blue STANDING COMMITTEES FOR THE YEAR Island Avenue ... .1905 1903-1904 . GRAHAM H. HARRIS , R. 1018 Ashland Block ..... 1906 SCHOOL MANAGEMENT. MRS . ISABELLE O'KEEFFE, 4857 Michigan Ave- nue .1904 JOSEPH DOWNEY, 132 LaSalle Street ....... .1904 Mr. Mark, Chairman; Mr. Cameron, Mrs. O'Keeffe , Messrs. Brenan, O'Ryan, Dudley, Stolz. JOHN F. WOLFF, 93 West Lake Street ............ 1904 Members Ex Officio : JOSEPH STOLZ, Forty - second Place ... .1905 The Chairman of the Committee on Buildings and GEORGE W. CLAUSSENIUS, 93 Dearborn Street..1905 Grounds . EDWIN F. ROWLAND, 259-251 LaSalle Street .... 1906 The Chairman of the Committee on Finance. EDWARD TILDEN, 5020 Woodlawn Avenue . .1906 The President. E. C. DUDLEY, 1619 Indiana Avenue .. 1906 HENRY HARTUNG, 1631 Diversey Boulevard ...... 1904 BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS . JAMES F. CHVATAL, 1593 West Twenty- second Street .1904 Mr. Tilden. Chairman ; Messrs. Fetzer, Downey, Claus- OLE A. THORP, 218 LaSalle Street . 1904 senius, Thompson, Thorp, Plamondon. GEORGE J. THOMPSON , 198 Madison Street ...... 1905 Members Ex Officio : WLADYSLAW A. KUFLEWSKI, R. 1012, 103 State The Chairman of the Committee on School Manage . Street ment. ..... 1905 CHARLES A. PLAMONDON, 63 South Clinton The Chairman of the Committee on Finance. Street The President. ...1904 JOHN C. FETZER, 215 Dearborn Street ... ... 1906 FINANCE . MICHAEL SHIELDS, 51 South Jefferson Street .... 1906 P. SHELLY O'RYAN, R. 614, 79 Dearborn Street ... 1906 Mr. Rowland, Chairman ; Messrs. Shields, Wolff, Har- tung, Kuflewski, Chvatal. Members Ex Officio : The Chairman of the Committee on School Manage- REGULAR MEETINGS OF THE BOARD ARE ment. HELD ON ALTERNATE WEDNESDAY The Chairman of the Committee on Buildings and Grounds. EVENINGS. The President. 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. EVERENOS THE ARE YOU AWARE THAT NORTH AMERICAN The REVIEW JOHN CHURCH CO. 260 WABASH AVE. THEmostnotable literaryeventofthe year 1904 will be the serial publi cation in THE NORTH AMERICAN Allow REVIEW of a new novel, "The Son of Royal Langbrith," by William Dean Special Discounts Howells,beginning intheJanuarynumber to School Teachers ? 50 cents a copy; $5.00 ayear Write Dept. "S" for Catalogues, Prices, Terms, Eto, The North American Review, HARVARD FRANKLIN SQUARE, Ν. Υ. NOWN IS THE TIME To Secure the New 1903 Edition of Ridpath's History of the United States 50% less than ever sold before-sets sent on approval-an easyway to get this matchless set of books-a necessity in every American home The name of Dr. Ridpath, our greatest historian, is known from Main to California, and this sweeping reduction places for the first time within the reach of every intelligent American the graphic story of the heroic deeds of our forefathers as only he can tell it. UNIVERSALLY COMMENDED - FASCINATING AS A ROMANCE. This is the only history endorsed by such scholars and thinkers as the late President McKinley; ex-President White of Cornell; Prof. Churchill of Oberlin; Dr. Buckley of the Christian Advocate; Hezekiah Butterworth, former editor Youth's Companion; W. R. Houghton,A. M., Professor of History, Indiana University; Prof. Bennett, Boston University; Prof. Edwards ofMcKendee; W. D. Wilson. D. D. LL. D., Registrar ofCornell, and thousands of other famous men and women who have born witness to its absorbing interest and value. THE NEW 1903 IMPERIAL EDITION Revised and enlarged into Five Superb Royal Octavo Volumes-Lavishly Illustrated-contains our country's history from earliest times to date, and hasbeenenrichedbyhundreds ofnewMap RaceCharts, Chronological-Charts and text illustrations, together with over 100 full-page photogravures and half-tone Etchings of Famous Historical Paintings by Trumbull, Chapman and other great artists, making it the most valuable collection of historical illustrations ever embodied inanywork. D. A. McKINLAY & CO., New York Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin 100 Vol. 3 . CHICACGO , FEB . 12, 1904. No. 11 . A DAY WITH THE COUNTY BOARD . Should a house burn down or a new one be built How Our Laws Are Enforced. on a lot in any year the assessment on that particu- MARGARET A. HALEY. lar piece of real estate may be lowered or raised accordingly in any year, but this court decision de- On Monday, Feb. 7, official announcement was clares no general raising or lowering of real estate made by the Cook County Board of Commissioners values is allowable under the law except every four that it had decided not to appropriate money to vears. Real estate, within the meaning of the law, print the Cook county real estate assessment lists includes land and improvements . as required by section 323 of the revenue law . Once in four years in every county in Illinois the Before the public has recovered from the shock assessors are bound under their oath of office to of the Iroquois fire, the most terrible example ever ascertain the fair market or cash value of the real furnished by any community of the results of laxity estate, write that down in one column in their books in the enforcement of law, while the entire business under the heading "full value," and in another col- portion of the sixth city in the Union lies in ashes umn, under the heading "assessed value,” put down and inadequate police and fire departments make one-fifth of the full value. The Juul law was passed even the thoughtless tremble at the suggestion of by the legislature reducing the rate of taxation for the possibilities of such a fire in Chicago, afflicted all purposes from 10 per cent of the assessed valua- with its chronic complaint of insufficient revenue to tion to 5 per cent of the assessed valuation. It will meet even the ordinary needs of these and other be seen from this that the taxes on any property departments of the public service, comes the official should be about I per cent of its fair cash value- announcement to the public, quoted above, of the that is, 5 per cent of one-fifth of full value is I per county board's determination not to enforce one of cent of full value. the most important provisions of the revenue law . The Juul law is strictly enforced as to rates of This information should arouse every thoughtful taxation, not one-tenth of a per cent above the legal citizen who is not entirely absorbed in his own per- rate being collected, while the provision of sonal affairs and who has even a rudimentary sense the revenue law as to the valuation of property of civic responsibility . is grossly violated by almost every assessor in the To the grade teachers of Chicago, who for four state, but the most flagrant violations are in Chi- years have carried on a campaign for the enforce- cago. ment of the revenue law at their own expense, un- Aglance at a record of a few of the sales of real aided and against odds that few outside of their estate made in Chicago last week and reported in ranks understand or appreciate, this announcement last Sunday's Record-Herald prove this. A piece comes home with peculiar force and significance. of property that sold last week for $24,000 is down To them at least the following details may be in- in the assessors ' books at a full value of only $ 12 , - teresting : 000. Another that sold for $ 19,000 was valued by At the meeting of the Federation of Labor held the assessors at $ 12,000 and reduced by the Board Feb. 6 a committee of three, of which I was a mem- of Review to $ 10,500 . ber, was appointed to wait on the county board and It must be remembered that these values , fixed- demand the enforcement of the provision of the last year, under the law, as interpreted by this révenue law requiring the assessors to print the Supreme Court decision a few days ago, cannot be names of the owners, the legal descriptions and the changed till 1907, when there will be another general assessed valuation of the real estate for 1903. The revaluation . Thus the property that sold for $24.- law requires that in Cook county these printed lists ooo last week and which should pay a tax of $24 a should be in pamphlet form and mailed or delivered year for four years will pay $ 12 a year for that to every taxpayer, but the newspapers have been re- time; the $19,000 property $ 10.50 a year instead porting that the county board, whose duty it is to of$19. appropriate money for this purpose, did not intend The first general valuation of real estate made. to include in its appropriation the money needed for under this law was in 1899, and accordingly 1903 this purpose. Hence the appointment of this com- was the next year for a new general valuation. In mittee by the Federation of Labor. order that every taxpayer might know whether or Under the revenue law, as amended in 1898, the not his property was equitably taxed as compared assessors fix the value of real estate only once in with his neighbor's the law requires this publica- four years and the Supreme Court a few days ago tion of the real estate lists every four years-that decided that this general valuation cannot be is, in the years when the general valuation is made. changed except at the end of the four-year periods. To carry out the purpose and intent of the law these 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. lists should have been published in July of last year, board. Our committee had been informed that the so that the taxpayers would have until Sept. 10, or board met regularly every Monday afternoon at 2 until the board of review had finished its work p. m. , and shortly after that hour we arrived at the of reviewing the assessors' valuations, in which to County building and were informed that the board have any errors made by the assessors corrected. would begin its session as soon as a quorum would Last year, being the year of the general assessment , "show up." Before that time, however, we had an the board of review could have lowered or raised interview with the president of the board, Henry G. any individual assessment or the assessment of the Foreman, who informed us that the board had no whole county if found too low or too high. But money to print the lists. these lists have not been published yet, so no oppor- However, as we were informed that the finance tunity was given to the individual taxpayer or to the committee of the board had not presented its report, community as a whole to review or compare the we inquired for the chairman of that committee, assessments, the county commissioners made no ap- Mr. Edwin Walker, who said he was unable to in- propriation for that purpose last year, they refuse form us whether the finance committee would in- to do so now, say they have no money and that the clude or omit this item of printing the real estate lists are useless now as the Supreme Court decided lists in its recommendation, as it had not its report that the real estate assessment made last year cannot prepared. He said he could not say when the report be changed until 1907. would be prepared or presented. We asked per- It is interesting in this connection to note that the mission to come before his committee, and after Cook county board of review in 1900 lowered the some skirmishing around the members were gotten assessment made on real estate in 1899 by $ 112,000, - together, we laid our case before them. discussed the ooo, and according to this recent Supreme Court matter very fully and retired, the committee leaving decision that was an illegal act. the committee room with us . The teachers' personal interest in this matter is Being unable to learn when the board would meet, obvious when it is remembered that it was this act and having waited a few minutes, after being told of the board of review, lowering Cook county real that it would get together some time that evening, estate, together with the failure of the state board though it was very uncertain how long we might of equalization to assess the corporations, which have to wait, we left the County building about a caused the cut of $75 which the experienced teach- quarter after 4 o'clock. As soon as it was possible ers suffered in 1900, and which cut is now the basis to do so we prepared a formal demand on the for the teachers' claim to the $249,000 back tax for board, based on the information obtained that after- 1900 tied up by injunction in the teachers' salary noon, and a communication to the labor representa- suit now pending in Judge Dunne's court. tive on the board, Mr. T. Cruise, requesting him to It may be interesting, too, to note in passing that urge our demand on the board. when the Teachers ' Federation took up the investi- Two members of the committee then returned to gation of the taxes of the public utility corporations the County building with these letters, but on arriv- in 1900 the report was freely circulated through the ing there at about a quarter after five were informed public press, and commented on editorially as if true, that the board was in session and that it had already that the teachers were going to institute suit to com- acted on the report of the finance committee, omit- pel the board of review to restore the $ 112,000,000 ting the appropriation for printing the real estate cut made that year on Cook county real estate. This lists. They were also informed that a motion to aroused no little prejudice against the teachers in reconsider the report of the committee had been the minds of the taxpayers ; indeed, not until Judge made and tabled, this being the parliamentary meth- Thompson's decision compelling the state board of od of finally settling a question so that it cannot equalization to return and reassess the public serv- be reconsidered at that or any future meeting. We ice corporations did many of the taxpayers realize have been advised by our counsel that this provision that the teachers ' tax work, instead of raising taxes of the revenue law providing for printing the real on real estate, including homes, lowered these tax- estate lists is mandatory and as binding on the board payers ' taxes at the same time that it increased the as any other duty devolving on it. total revenue to the city by more than a half mil- To our question whether the county attorney, the lion dollars that year and every year since. legal adviser of the board, had given an opinion on How long will it take to correct in the public this matter we were told that his opinion had not mind the false impression created by the incorrect been asked, that the board simply had not the money newspaper reports of a week ago to the effect that to print the lists and could not appropriate it. 3.000 experienced teachers were raised $50 each ? In presenting our case to the finance committee Why are such reports circulated ? we called attention to the fact that the county board To return to our story. In 1899, the first year in has received between $50,000 and $60,000 a year, which the assessors were required to print these taxes on the franchises of the public utility corpora- lists, the county board refused to appropriate the tions since the teachers' tax investigation begun in necessary money, but finally in 1900, after repeated 1900 , as a result of their litigation, conducted at the protestations and demands from different organiza- expense of the teachers, and that the total thus re- tions , among others the Teachers' Federation, the ceived by the board would pay the cost of printing county board made the necessary appropriation and the tax lists many times over ; that our object in de- the lists were printed. In carrying out our instruc- manding the printing of the lists was to enable each tions from the Teachers ' Federation it became neces- taxpayer to demand and secure for himself a fair sary in 1900 for Miss Goggin and myself to appear and equitable assessment as compared with every before the county board in this behalf. Monday other taxpayer, and to secure to all citizens the nec- afternoon of this week, accompanied by the other essary information to make an intelligent and com- members of the committee appointed by the Federa- bined effort in the interest of the community for the strict enforcement of the law as it exists . tion of Labor, I made my second visit to the county CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 3 We showed the committee a record of the sales of ownership of the street railways under the powers real estate made last week and quoted above and conferred by the Mueller Law ? assessors' valuation of the same. We also explained 2. Shall the city council, instead of granting any that Judge Grosscup granted the injunction restrain- franchises, proceed at once, under the city's police ing the collection of more than half the tax levied powers and other existing laws, to license the street against the public utility corporations under the or- railway companies until municipal ownership can der of the Illinois state supreme court in the teach- be secured, and compel them to give satisfactory ers tax case on the ground that other property in service ? Cook county was assessed at from 40 per cent to 60 3. Should the Chicago Board of Education be per cent of full value, Judge Grosscup maintaining elected by the people ? that for the Supreme Court to order these com- The petition was taken to the city hall in a trunk panies assessed according to law when other prop- of the largest size of its kind made, and it scarcely erty was not so assessed was a violation of the con- sufficed to hold the huge pile of sheets. They were stitutional right of uniformity. Therefore that un- strung on wire, and there were about 10,000 in all. der this decision any attempt to compel the enforce- It is the largest petition ever filed in Chicago, and ment of the law as to any particular piece or pieces the second largest ever filed in the state. of property with that decision of Judge Grosscup's These questions will be placed on the " Little in force would in all probability be met with another Ballot," as it is popularly called. It is a ballot con- federal injunction, and that any movement to secure taining only the questions to be submitted to the a general enforcement of the law to be intelligent voters, that is, it is separate from the ballot having and effective must have as its basis a knowledge on the names of the candidates for office. the part of the public of reliable and exact informa- The right so to vote on questions of public policy tion which only the printing of these lists according is secured to the voters of Illinois under a law to law could secure. known as the Public Policy Act, which was passed As the committee was also instructed to ascertain by the legislature in 1901 . from the county attorney, whose duty it is to attend It provides that when 25 per cent of the voters of to the matter, why Judge Grosscup's opinion, re- any city petition to have questions of public policy ferred to above, has not been appealed from, though submitted at an election such questions must be it is nearly two years since it was rendered, and as placed on a separate ballot and submitted to the the county attorney is appointed by the county people. Not more than three questions may be sub- board, the matter was incidentally discussed with mitted at any election and the petition must be filed the board, but will be taken up more fully with the 60 days before the election. county attorney and the information secured report- The vote on the " Little Ballot" is merely an ex- ed later. There is about $1,200,000 tied up by the pression of public opinion; it has no legal binding Grosscup decision, $500,000 of which belongs to the force, but an overwhelming vote, such as the ques- school fund. If the suit pending before Judge tions submitted on the " Little Ballot" have always Dunne is decided in favor of the teachers, some or received in Chicago is morally binding on the pub- all of this $500,000 may also belong to the teachers. lic officers and is so considered by them. In Switz- Of course, this is an entirely separate fund from the erland such a vote of the people for any proposition $249,000 in controversy in Judge Dunne's court. makes it law, just the same as if enacted by the legislature, and the people by their direct vote may veto any legislation they consider undesirable. In THE SALARY SUIT. other words, they have the " Initiative and Referen- The hearing before Judge Dunne is set for Feb. dum, " or what is termed the power of " Direct Leg- 23. The case has been postponed so often that a islation." positive assurance from the attorneys that it will be heard on that date without fail scarcely reassures. Such assurance, however, is given now. Itis to be BAREFOOT BOYS RUN AROUND IN THE SNOW. hoped that the attorneys may be able to agree on certain facts out of court, but if they cannot, they (Dispatch from New Castle, Pa. , to Pittsburg sav they will proceed on that date to thrash the Post of January 18.) whole matter cut in court. Neither side is anxious Happy and apparently contented are hundreds of to be obliged to do this , but it is the only alternative peor children, who run about barefooted in the snow if an agreement on certain facts cannot be reached during the winter weather. William Streib, a well- out of court. Up to date such agreement has not known business man, was out taking winter scenes been reached. with his camera yesterday when two little Italian boys jumped upon the runners of his cutter to steal a ride. Both were barefooted and were dressed in SUCCESS OF THE REFERENDUM PETITION . clothing scanty even for summer weather. He took The petition of the Referendum League, which their photo and then bought good warm shoes and has been in circulation for several weeks , was filed stockings for both. They had never worn such with the Election Commissioners , Thursday, Feb. 4. things before and the smaller boy in the picture It contains 131,245 signatures, 38,000 more than the could not wait, after he put on his new possessions, number required under the law in order to secure until his companion was similarly fitted out , but the submission of the three questions to the voters ran out to see how they seemed in the snow. There at the April election. The three questions on the are scores of children here who are daily seen sled- petition are as follows : ding on the hills without either shoes or stockings I. Shall the city council, upon the adoption of in the districts given over to foreigners . The the Mueller Law, proceed without delay to acquire Public. 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETΙΝ. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION good or ill, while in the city of the Great Lakes the response to public sentiment for good or ill is imnie- BULLETIN diate. There are no traditions, conservative preju- Official Organ of the Chlorso Teachers' Federation. dices or time-honored organizations to withstand Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, any emphatic public demands. December 23, 1891. Mayor Harrison testified in the theater horror hearing that he had known that the ordinances were THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of not observed, but that to have enforced them would April and December. have closed the theaters, and "the public would not THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single copies, Five Cents . stand it to have them closed." That was as frank ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received by Tuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. and honest a statement as an official ever made. ALL KEMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payableto the order of the Federation Bulletin. There can never be any earnest and permanent effort THE EDITOR , to execute any law in Chicago for which the public will not stand. 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO. Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 6 p. m. Phone Central 3904. On the other hand, for about a month in the best . season of the year, every theater and many churches have been closed by order of the mayor because the THE CHICAGO SITUATION . public would not stand it to have them opened. Chicago has certainly the most interesting situa- Neither of these two conditions could have been tion of any city in the country. It will be worth in any other large city in the world now or ever. while to keep informed on what is doing there, edu- The people rule there as they do not, have not and cationally, for the next year or two. No one can cannot elsewhere on the globe. know to-day what the outcome will be. The most A good government association has secured the election to her board of aldermen of men of the that any one can do is to study the situation from time to time and report upon it. With this in mind, highest tone, relatively, of any large city in the the editor of the Journal of Education, who has country. It was accomplished by the mere printing of the record of each man nominated. The same studied at short range the emergency situations in every important city in the country for the past sev- method was tried in an eastern city last December, enteen years, will devote all the time necessary in and an exposure made of the persistent misdeeds of many candidates , one of whom was under indict- order to keep in touch with the changing scenes, and ment for a serious crime. What was the result ? to this end he has already arranged to be in Chicago about once a month so long as the tension continues, The majorities given for the candidates were almost and will have at least bi-weekly editorials or edi- in proportion to the record of their misdeeds. There torial correspondence upon conditions in Chicago is almost no early public response to any demonstra- and vicinity. tion of public sentiment. This is merely an exag- gerated phase of the universal condition in the con- Whatever the future may bring forth, there is no servative East. The defeat of Mayor Low for re- gainsaying the fact that in the past four years the election was largely because his campaign attempted teachers of Chicago have wielded a greater influence to arouse public sentiment regarding two giant evils. than has ever before been wielded by teachers as a Chicago is the farthest removed from any such class, that women teachers have had a proportionate condition of things. She is sensitive to the last de- influence hitherto unknown, that the tangible results of their effort are unprecedented. gree to public indifference or to public demands. Neglected, she goes lower in the scale of civilization Despite all this, the end is not yet. There has than any other city, and she goes with a "ski jump" been no lining up of the forces of the social, pro- to the depths. Aroused she goes as suddenly up- fessional and financial activities which justify any ward. She has had the worst street car service , and confident prediction of the to-morrow of any phase she is likely to be the first to have municipal con- of the educational situation in Chicago. Whatever trol. This characteristic of the Great City of the the outcome, every teacher in the country will be Plains means that the public can be easily affected interested in the situation. Journal of Education . by the schools. In one generation the schools can (We print in this issue of the Bulletin the first revolutionize that city with ease if they are focused article of this series from the Journal of Educa- for such improvement. Nowhere else can the tion.) schools approach the power for good that they can in this city. THE CHICAGO PROBLEMS.-- ( 1. ) This situation has led me to study with much in- terest and great care the school conditions and prob- Next to New York, Chicago has the most impor- lems , and a series of editorials will follow upon vital tant problems in the United States and one of the features of these problems. Journal of Education, three most critical phases of the problems of that Beston. city is connected with public education. America's condition twenty years hence will de- Ex-Mayor Ames of Minneapolis, convicted of cor- pend more upon the effect of the schools of Chicago ruptly receiving money while mayor, for protecting upon the children of to-day than can be stated.. crime, has been released from the penitentiary by a Not even New York is so influential beyond her decision of the Supreme Court of Minnesota, which borders as is the metropolis of the great West. holds that his conviction was technically invalid. Not even New York is so dependent upon the The error consisted in charging in the indictment character and temper of her citizens as is this sec- that a specified bribe was given him by several per- ond city of the Union. In the eastern metropolis sons jointly, whereas the proof showed that it was there are traditions, conservative influences, organ- given by them in different sums indiyidually. The ized forces, that delay the direct personal effect for Fublic. CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 5 ANNOUNCEMENTS . serene harmony with his own ideal. Other leaders more prominent than Emerson in public affairs, but CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION . his the most fertilizing mind America has produced hitherto. The regular meeting of the Chicago Teachers' LECTURE V.- EMERSON . Federation will be held in Fullerton Hall, Art In- Family and world forces molding Emerson. stitute, Feb. 13, 10:30 a. m. Awakening of New England. Emerson's relation Special order of business, nomination of officers to the transcendental movement . for ensuing year. Slow unfolding of Emerson's genius ; his great- ness character, not talent. Absense of painful strug- The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teach- gles. Finding of his mission. Works in which his ers' Federation will meet Monday, February 15, at positive teaching is best expressed. The great ideas 4 p. m., in Room 437, Unity Bldg. to which he constantly returns. JOSEPHINE NICHOLS, Results of Emerson's method. Question as to his Cor. Secretary, limitations . The two views of life : from within the 341 S. Forty-third Ave. smoke and suffering of the battle; from the serene CHICAGO TEACHERS' CLUB . mountain heights. Carlyle expressing the strength and weakness of the one, Emerson of the other. The Chicago Teachers' Club will give a luncheon Feb. 13th, at 230 South Clark street. Rev. David Beaton of the Lincoln Park Congre- mr. ariaaS AND HIS LECTURES . gational church will address the club on " Scottish Literature-Interpretation and Readings." ( Springfield ( Mass. ) Republican. ) Miss May Farrell will sing Scottish songs. From Our Special Correspondent. Luncheon at I p. m. Address at 2:30 p. m. Plates, Boston, Thursday, Feb. 6, 1902. 35 cents. Admission to non-members, 15 cents . There is a private organization here, the Twon- EMILY A. HAYWARD, MARY E. REYNOLDS, tieth Century Club, which has drawn to itself of Cor. Sec. Pres. late years much of that popular interest which al- ways circles around the more progresive thought of MR, GRIGGS' LECIURES . Boston. This club has done many popular things , Three Lectures for 75 Cents . but its so-called "university lectures" at Tremont There are a few course tickets to the lectures by Temple are just now the most attractive. And they Mr. Edward Howard Griggs left, which can be ob- are so this winter from the presence and frequent tained on application to the office of the Federation . utterances of the most striking lecturer who has Price of tickets for remaining three lectures of come to Boston in recent years from the middle course, 75 cents, good in hands of members of the West- Prof. E. H. Griggs . He is not an upsetter Educational Department only. or destroyer, but a reconciler and a rebuilder. The next lecture will be on Feb. 20 at Steinway This new pathmaker has a catholic and kindly spirit, Hall, Jackson and Wabash avenue, and the subject seeking spiritual alliances in missionaries of the is " Carlyle. " Following is the outline for this lec- most marked diversity of character--Socrates, Mar- ture: cus Aurelius, St. Francis of Assisi and Savenarola , Holders of these special tickets must also present their for example. membership cards in the Educational Department of the Federation at each of these lectures in Steinway Hall. MR. GRIGGS' WORK IN BOSTON . LECTURE IV.-CARLYLE. (Congregationalist and Christian World.) Awakening of England in the nineteenth century. Mr. Griggs deserves a hearty word of praise for Fertilizing causes; the French Revolution ; German the mental and spiritual quickening which his course literature and philosophy, Carlyle expressing both ; of lectures , concluded last Saturday at Tremont the historian of the French Revolution ; the inter- Temple, has brought to hundreds of persons in and around Boston. No man could assemble at preter of German thought to his countrymen. eleven o'clock in the forenoon , week after week, Hard but earnest family background of Carlyle. Early struggles and ill-health. After a long and an audience of 3.000, representing what Mr. Griggs' bitter battle, renouncing for conscientious reasons audience did in culture and purpose, unless he had the ministry, his intended vocation, dedicating him- a message for needy hearts and aspiring minds. self to the precarious life of an independent literary That all his intellectual positions and all his esti- worker. : mates of men are correct we should hesitate to say , but he has a wonderful gift of great moral leaders Carlyle's marriage : story of his personal life. that they become in a definite way serviceable to the Ten years of struggle to make a living without ordinary man and woman. In judging Mr. Griggs abdicating moral independence. Spiritual autobi- the same principle of toleration and appropriation ography and the heart of his gospel in "Sartor Re- should be used which he constantly exhorted his sartus." Victory and gloom coming together. Sad- ness of his late years. hearers to apply to Socrates, Dante, Carlyle, Emer- son and the other thinkers and workers whom he so Carlyle essentially a moral prophet. Hatred of vividly described. shams and preaching the gospel of work and sin- cerity. His own conception of moral leadership in ERROR CORRECTED . "Heroes and Hero Worship." His place: the hero as a man of letters . The date given for the meeting of the N. E. A. Emerson, like Socrates, an unofficial public serv- at St. Louis in last week's isuse of the Bulletin ant, dedicated to the life of the spirit, living in should have been June 28 to July 5 . 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. WOMEN IN POLITICS . THE LEGEND OF THE LILIES, (To the Editor of the Chicago Chronicle.) O ye royal tiger lily, Chicago, Feb. 1. The communication in the Chronicle O ve lily of the field, by "M. A. S., " headed " Women in Politics," in which the writer asks, " What reason have we to believe that there O ye lily of the valley, would be any improvement in the present unsatisfactory With your green, protecting shield ; political conditions by giving the ballot to women ?" calls O ye lily of the water, for an answer. With your leaves of white docskin- The writer, being a full-fledged voter, a resident of Colo- rado, where women enjoy equal political privileges with Ye are clothed, yet toil not, men, feels entirely competent to answer that question. ion. It Neither do ye spin . is a well-known fact that Colorado politicians of all parties are on the lookout to nominate only such men as women Yet not e'en that ancient monarch, will support at the ballot box, for experience has proven King Solomon by name, that women will not vote for immoral, dishonest, ignorant, unworthy citizens . Saloon-keepers and bartenders need Was clothed in richer raiment not apply. Men who misuse their wives or neglect their Than thou in living flame. families do not receive women's votes . Consequently the As ye burn your way thro' meadows, standard of officials is raised to a higher plane and a far better class of men fill the offices within the gift of the With your lucid flames of red , people than in states or cities where male suffrage is the Seems as 'twere a field of martyrs, law of the land. Bleeding heroes lying dead. Even though woman's ballot did not change existing con- ditions, surely woman's vote could not make things any worse here in Chicago than they are. The smartest thing And ye lily of the valley, that has been done since Harrison was elected mayor of Ye who grow in shady dells, Chicago was accomplished by two little women, Margaret Wafting far your flowery perfume, Haley and Miss Goggin and done, too, without the power From your chime of tiny bells, of the ballot, making the defaulting taxpayers come to So much odor do ye hold, time. No Colorado woman was ever known to either buy or In your hearts of molten gold, sell a vote. Surely none of them will ever sell her vote Seems as ' twere a breath of air, for fifty cents a head, as is done in Chicago. There has Shedding fragrance everywhere. been no breaking of chairs, no throwing of " spittoons, " no hurling of inkwells or other missiks at each other in the And ye lily of the water, state legislature of Colorado since women became mem- bers of this body, as has been done in Illinois. Men are Father Neptune's fairest daughter, under more restraint in legislative bodies when women are When your stem takes truest measure present. Last winter there was a hard- fought battle in the Of the shallow depths of azure, Colorado legislature, but the fight was conducted with As your blossom lulls to rest decorum. Colorado, Wyoming, Utah and Oregon can furnish On the top of foamy crest, ample proof that women are appreciated and sadly needed Seems as ' twere a sea of light, in politics . No one questions woman's influence, but many Silver light of petals white. are fearful that her vote would be a dangerous experiment. The men of Utah, knowing the success of equal suffrage in Wyoming and other states, declined to accept statehood All ve lilies of the water, unless women were to become the political equals of men. All ye lilies of the land, When denied admission to the union on account of the Ye are clothed in regal beauty woman suffrage plank in their platform, they said : “We And in purity ye stand. will stay out of the union a hundred years before we will go in having political advantages over our women. " Ye toil not, neither do ye spin, If women are equally responsible with men for existing Yet ye have the love of Him, unsatisfactory conditions , and then should be roasted to Or ye would not gorgeous be. death with her little ones in theater fires , there would be Thus He proves His love for thee. something consoling in the reflection that the responsibility -K. Maud Clum. First Vice- President of National rested with equal force upon both men and women, because both would then be responsible for the officials who were Federation of Teachers and President of St. Paul criminally neglectful. Whatever the effect of equal suffrage, Grade Teachers ' Federation. let us do right and take the consequences of living up to the letter of our constitution, which guarantees "equal The trouble with most of us is not so much that rights for all, special privileges to none.' MRS . M. S. F., in Chicago Chronicle. we have a hard row to hoe, but that we dislike hoe- ing. -Puck. " So you're going to keep Bill Husker in Con- gress!" "We are," answered Farmer Corntossel. "We don't want him around here. He was so slick IF I CAN SUCCEED that he didn't give anybody a show in a hoss trade or anythin' else, an' he got so uppish that it ground in making clear to you what is meant by LOANS BY us to have to travel on the same road with him. You CORRESPONDENCE you will never borrow on any kin bet he'll stay in Congress. We couldn't indict other plan. Address E. B. , Federation Bulletin, 437 Unity Bldg. By permission I give this paper as my reference. him nor have him kidnapped, an' we've got to get rid of him somehow. "-Washington Star. Chloe-Is your husband a breadwinner ? Susan-' Deed, he is ; he's won de prize at a dozen LOANS TO TEACHERS cakewalks . -Yonkers Statesman . By a Teacher AT LIVE AND LET LIVE LOW RATES "Is he a master of English ?" "Wherewithal" and no tattling. "Yes, to judge by the liberties he takes with it."- L. A. care FEDERATION BULLETIN, 437 UNITY BUILDING Detroit Free Press . CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 7 FEDERAL The First TRUST & SAVINGS National $2,000,000 CAPITAL BANK SURPLUS $500,000 A Banking, Savings and Trust Company Bank business transacted. We invite interviews or correspondence from individuals, firms or corporations contemplating making changes or opening is now new accounts . OFFICERS. DIRECTORS. located in its Thomas P. Phillips, E. H. Gary, Chairman, President. Charles Deering, new office , NathanG. Moore, Vice President and W. J. Chalmers. Alfred H. Mulliken. Counsel. C. B. Shedd. Charles S. Castle, A. E. Musbaum. Cashier. T. P. Phillips. F. J. Scheidenhelm, Norman B. Ream. 119 Asst. Cashier. Edwin L. Wagner, Asst. Cashier. Irving J. Shuart, Nathan G. Moore. E. J. Buffington. D. W. Burrows W. E. Phillips . Secretary. J. N. Vance. Monroe St. N. E. Car. La Salle and Adams Streets. The Elementary Democracy School Teacher and Social Ethics Edited by The University of Chicago By JANE ADDAMS School of Education, JOHN DEWEY, Director, MRS. ELLA F. YOUNG, Man- Head of " Hull House," Chi- aging Editor. Published monthly, cago; joint author of "Philan- except in July and August. Subscrip- thropy and Social Progress." tion price, $1.50 a year, single copies, 20 cents. Foreign postage, 50 cents. Miss Addams' Settlement Work is known to all who are interested in social amelioration and municipal conditions. As the title of her book Amonthly periodical for teachers, prin- shows, it will be occupied with the reciprocal cipals and superintendents. Each number relations of ethical progress and the growth of contains practical plans for teaching in democratic thought, sentiment and institutions. every grade from the kindergarten through the eight grades and the pedagogic schools. $1.25 NET. 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . ENANOS EVERPI OS THE ARE YOU AWARE THAT NORTH AMERICAN The REVIEW JOHN CHURCH CO. Emostnotable literary eventof the 260 WABASH AVE. THE year 1904 will be the serial publi cation in THE NORTH AMERICAN Alloto REVIEW of a new novel, "The Son of Royal Langbrith," by William Dean Special Discounts Howells,beginningintheJanuary number to School Teachers? 50 cents a copy; $5.00ayear Write Dept. "S" for Catalogues, Prices, Terms, Eto. The North American Review, HARVARDOS FRANKLIN SQUARE, Ν. Υ. NOW IS THE TIME To Secure the New 1903 Edition of Ridpath's History of the United States 50% less than ever sold before-sets sent on approval-an easyway to get this matchless set of books-a necessity in every American home The name of Dr. Ridpath, our greatest historian, is known from Main to California, and this sweeping reduction places for the first time within the reach of every intelligent American the graphic story of the heroic deeds of our forefathers as only he can tell it. UNIVERSALLY COMMENDED- FASCINATING AS A ROMANCE. This is the only history endorsed by such scholars and thinkers as the late President McKinley; ex-President White of Cornell; Prof. Churchill of Oberlin; Dr. Buckley of the Christian Advocate; Hezekiah Butterworth, former editor Youth's Companion; W. R. Houghton, A. M. , Professor of History, Indiana University; Prof. Bennett, Boston University; Prof. Edwards of McKendee; W. D. Wilson. D. D. LL. D., Registrar ofCornell, and thousands of other famous men and women who have born witness to its absorbing interest and value. THE NEW 1903 IMPERIAL EDITION Revised and enlarged into Five Superb Royal Octavo Volumes-Lavishly Illustrated-contains our country's history from earliest times to date, and has been enriched byhundreds of new Map Race Charts, Chronological-Charts and text illustrations, together with over 100 full-page photogravures and half-tone Etchings of Famous Historical Paintings by Trumbull, Chapman and other great artists, making it the most valuable collection of historical illustrations ever embodied inanywork. D. A. McKINLAY & CO., New York Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin 100 Vol. 3. CHICAGO , FEB. 19, 1904. No. 12. WOMAN'S TRADES UNION LEAGUE . workers know that one feeble woman or child would Miss Mary E. McDowell, president. have small chance for justice against the interests Miss Maude Sutter, vice-president. of the rich and strong firm. The workers declare Mrs. Ellen M. Henrotin, treasurer. there is no justice in the choice offered them-that Miss Gertrude Barnum, secretary. between agreeing to any terms or starving outside under the ban of the " blacklist ." To the Club Women of Illinois : The committee secured evidence which convinced The working people have freed us for leisure and them of a "blacklist" scheme by which it is made impossible for Kabo women to get positions in other opportunity. Let us be careful that we do not accept factories or shops . comforts and luxuries ungratefully from the tired So far as the committee could learn the two cases hands of oppressed women and children. of " rioting" were very slight and in both cases were The Woman's Trades Union League has been the result of illegal interference with the rights of asked to send the inclosed statement of the " locked the "locked out" workers . out" women corset workers of Aurora to all wom- en's associations in Illinois. Repeated offers of compromises and of arbitration day in through the state board have been rejected by the A committee from the league spent a company. Aurora for the purpose of learning both sides of the The Women's Trade Union League committee be- trouble in the Kabo corset factory. The statements lieves that the three hundred and fifty girls " locked of officials of the factory regarding wages differed out" by the manufacturers are suffering great in- greatly from that of the workers. This difference justice and are making a brave stand for the cause was explained by the actual "pay envelopes" saved of working women, actuated by motives broader by the girls, which prove heavy reductions from the than their own selfish interests . small nominal wages-reductions for "outfits," " re- Let the Illinois women use their influence as they pairs," "needles and thread," "slack work," etc. The can. There is one immediately effective way in manufacturers admit that the highest wages they which we can help. Let us listen to such appeals as quote ($2.00 per day) are rare even for skilled the inclosed from our working sisters and refuse women who have worked for the firm sixteen and to buy Kabo corsets or any other article where there eighteen years and have families to support. The is such good proof of injustice and tyranny. actual sums received in the majority of cases do not Those desiring to send financial support to the cover the cost of necessaries of life, but must be Kabo union should address Miss Reavell, 45 South supplemented by free board at home or help from Root street, Aurora, Ill. Letters urging the manu- "friends" (with all that the term " friends" some- facturers to arbitrate would be of service. times implies) . These wages represent the stand- ard obtained through the efforts of the union and are DR. E. BENJAMIN ANDREWS AND ROCKE- those the management proposed to reduce by ten per cent. The committee talked with little fourteen- FELLER'S MILLION. year-old girls among the "locked out." They had From Mr. Louis F. Post's weekly, "The Public," been "allowed" (at the offer of the company) to we copy the following letter from Miss Ida M. Tar- get around the child labor law by taking work home bell to the Omaha World- Herald. The Public calls after the eight hours drudgery in the factory. attention to Miss Tarbell's history of the methods of Great unfairness in regard to "repairs" and elab- John D. Rockefeller and his Standard Oil Company orate changes of styles in piecework without extra now appearing serially in McClure's Magazine, and pay per piece were other instances indicating the prefaces the letter with this explanation : need of something besides laws and inspectors to The Omaha World- Herald telegraphed Miss Tarbell, prevent evil methods. Only the labor union can as an admitted authority on Mr. Rockefeller's methods and make headway against the infinite variety of similar motives , to ask her for her opinion in regard to Chan- "tricks of the trade." cellor Andrews' proposition that the State University of Nebraska accept a donation from Mr. Rockefeller to be The claim of the managers that they must be al- applied to the erection of a building to become the prop- lowed to "manage their own business" is justly re- erty of the university. sented by the workers, who claim on their side that MISS TARBELL'S REPLY. points regarding methods of work are in part the "business of the workers" and call for adjustment -To the Editor of the World- New York, Jan. 28. in which the representatives of labor shall have Herald: In my opinion the chief duty of an institu- voice. The managers agree to deal with individuals ; tion of learning is to train young people to think CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. things through their legitimate conclusions, and to He went to the jail last night and gave himself inspire them with moral courage to fit their conduct up. He said brokenly: "I have lost." to those conclusions . His friends say he wanted to be locked up.-The Money is one of the minor necessities in making Public. honest thinkers and courageous actors. It is useful in an educational institution only in the hands of APPRECIATIONS OF LINCOLN . men who prefer to do without it rather than to dull the conscience of faculty, students and friends by BY SECOND GRADE CHILDREN. compromising with any kind of moral or intellectual Abraham Lincoln went to school one year. He subterfuge. If the acceptance of the gift from Mr. John D. was born on 1809. He had to sleep on a bed of Rockefeller brings with it tacit recognition of the levse. He lived in a loge hoses. He was kind to commercial principles which he has employed with animals. He was a great boy. He could jump the more conspicuous success than any other man in hiast and run the fastes and he was a good boy. the country; if it closes the mouth of any man in He had to go to school many mills. When he was a big man he was a President. ANNIE N. Nebraska to the corruptive influence of those prin- A brahan Lincoln was kind to animals. He was ciples, no greater calamity could befall the Univer- sity of Nebraska than to accept his money. a smart boy. He could jump the highest and run Human experience seems to show that the re- the farthest and throw all the boys in the school ceiver of a gift becomes sooner or later the apolo- One day a boy tookk a turtl and tor his back who gist of the donor and his methods. Where there did that said A brahan He carryed it to the river is a possibility of such a result, jealous regard for and put it in the water. One day he was riding in the moral atmosphere of the institution makes the his carring. He saw a pig in mud trying to get out. refusal of the gift an imperative duty. He had a new suit on he said I cant spoil my suit IDA M. TARBELL. he said when he got two miles he turned back and toock the pig out and spoilled his suit ROBERT H. THE GREAT STANDARD OIL COMPANY HAS There was once a boy whos name was Abraham WON ITS FIGHT AGAINST MEL Lincoln. He was a very poor boy. His mother was HOSSLER . kind to him. And he was kind to his mother. They lived in the woods in a little log house. He would (Special dispatch from Chardon, Ohio, to the not let any body hurt any animals. One day he bor- Cleveland Press of Jan. 30.) rowed a book of George Washington. He liked it Mel Hossler's oil wagon has stopped! so well that he took it to bed with him. One night The Standard Oil Company has won one of the it snowned so hard that it soiled the book. The next most bitter fights of its career of over a quarter of morning Lincoln went to George's house and asked a century. That career has been punctuated by him how much he would have to pay for it. George broken hearts. Along the way of the huge corpora- said he would have to pay 75 cents or work for him tion wounded people are lying. three days. Lincoln said that he would work three When agents of the Standard Oil Company ap- days. Lincoln said that no-boudy could have any proached Hossler with golden offers he drew himself more slavs . JOE K. up, curled his lip in scorn and turned in disgust Abraham Lincoln was a good boy. Abraham Lin- from the polished lawyer who called to see him. coln went to school. His Mother like him. He was Then he paused and sang out over his shoulder : kind to animals. He made the negores free. The "Go back and tell John Rockefeller that all the negores were glad. They like Abraham Lincol be- wealth he has would not tempt me to give up to cause he let them go free. He went to school one him." vear. Then he sad hom from school. He had a Then the assault began afresh, but Hossler's book of George Washint It spoilt one him. He buy townsmen rallied to his assistance and bought his oil the book He raid it all the night. He take it to bed. at the market price when the Standard Oil Company He was happy. STANLEY В. offered oil free. Abraham Lincoln is 95 years old to-morrow. The For two years the Standard has kept agents in slaves were free. Abraham Lincoln only went to Chardon trying to drive Hossler out of business. school one year. He was very kind to the animals. He was attacked in every conceivable way. He was He was President. There was a war and Abraham harassed all day, night was made hideous for him Lincoln was the President. AUGUSTA. and the sanctity of his home was invaded, and not THIRD GRADE . even was he allowed to mutter his evening prayer in A braham Lincoln was a kind boy. He only went quietude. to school one year. He could jump the highest he Yet Mel Hossler would not give up. Doggedly could run the farest and he could rasel the best. he held to his determination to live in spite of the One day his mother told him to go out and kill a Standard. turkey. The first turkey he killed he sat down and But last night under the awful attack which never cryed. One day when he was speching a boy saw a stopped the end came. little turtel. He picked it up by its tail and sweoin Mr. Hossler's mind snapped. it a round and then throw it down and brok its shel. It came after business reverses . Winter came on A braham called the boy a coward. Then some and food for his family and his horses was high . kind boys took it down to the river and put it in the Then sickness came and medicine and doctor bills water to swim. FLORENCE Н. were higher. Finally his daughter, 16 years old, his [The above compositions were sent the Bulletin inspiration in the fight, fell ill. That blow was the hy a second grade teacher in one of the schools.- last, Editor. ] CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 3 BOARD OF EDUCATION. High, 2 years' experience in Chicago elementary schools, to third group, third year, $975.00 per annum. Wednesday, Feb. 17, 1904. Shields, Helen G. Hyde Park High, 3 years' experience The Superintendent of Schools presented the following in Chicago elementary schools, to third group, third year, recommendations : $975.00 per annuni. I. That it shall be the duty of any teacher who believes That, inasmuch as the falling off of the membership of a child to be markedly defective to report such case to the the Grant School seems to have been temporary, the Sec- principal of the school, that the principal of the school, retary be instructed to take no account of such falling off after making a suitable examination, shall, if deemed ad- in the membership for the months of February, March, visable by him, report the case to the Superintendent of April, May and June, 1903, in computing the salary of the Schools. principal of said school. 2. That the Superintendent of Schools shall have au- That Miss Valberg Gunderson, a teacher of 8th grade thority to order an examination of the child reported, such pupils in the Von Humboldt School, be elected head assis- examination to be conducted by the Department of Child tant in the Langland School, to the position which has Study and Pedagogical Investigation and by a medical in- been made vacant by the resignation of Jennie Clancy. spector selected from the list of regularly certified medical Recommendations concurred in. inspectors for the public schools of Chicago. If, as a re- sult of such examination, the child be found in such a con- dition as to be a distinct detriment to the school, the Su- REPORT OF PENSION COMMITTEE OF CHI- perintendent shall have the power to exclude him perma- CAGO TEACHERS' CLUB. nently from the regular classes of the school, reporting the name of every child so excluded to the Committee on (Adopted at regular meeting of Teachers' Club held School Management for its approval. Feb. 13, 1904.) 3. The Superintendent shall have the power to open In accordance with the instructions of the Board of Di- special rooms in schools or districts requiring them, in rectors , your pension committee submits the following re- accordance with the plan recommended to the Board of port compiled from the Proceedings of the Pension Board, Education by the Committee on Child Study (See Forty- dated December 12, 1903 : sixth Annual Report, page 42; and Board Proceedings, The new pension law for public school employes, which June 13, 1900, page 476) , such rooms to be used for the went into effect in July, 1903, necessitated a division of the training of the following classes of children : Pension Fund according to the statement of the Auditor 1. Those unable to carry regular courses of study and made October 5, 1903. yet whose defects are not sufficiently grave to warrant Total amount of reserve fund is $131,593.93. Of this the commitment to the home for feeble-minded. 2. Doubtful cases, where it seems advisable to suspend teachers are entitled to $95,126.10, employes are entitled to $36,467.83 . According to the opinion of Mr. James Maher, judgment until a more thorough examination of their de- attorney for the Pension Board, " Pensions are to be paid fects can be made. That Mrs. Elizabeth H. Sutherland, principal of the only from date of application," under the present by-laws, Alice L. Barnard School, has been out on leave of ab- it being a matter governed by the by-laws and not the law itself. sence on account of illness for the past four months, and Hereafter the list of annuitants will be printed once a that she is unable to return. She reports that she will be year, in June. unable to return to work for some time, and arrangements The number of persons remaining in and contributing must be made to fill the position. to the Fund, as well as the number withdrawing, will be The Superintendent, therefore, recommends the election published in the reports. 199 teachers assigned since Sep- of Miss Nina P. Scheuer, head assistant of the Earle tember, 1903, are contributors ; 60 teachers assigned since School, who holds a principal's certificate, to the principal- September, 1903, have resigned from fund. Total num- ship of the Alice L. Barnard School. ber resignations since September, 1903, 167. Total number The Superintendent further recommends that Miss of annuitants, 205. Deductions from Teachers' Pay Rolls, Scheuer be given credit for her service as head assistant September, October, November, $10,657.70. Expenditures at the Earle School and that her salary be fixed at the account, annuities, $10,868.60 ; deficit, $210.90. third year of the third group, $1,400 per annum, in ac- Taken from latest report received. cordance with the following rules adopted May 2, 1900 : HELEN W. BOYDEN, Chairman. "Any such assistant being elected principal of a first or FRANK E. TREMAIN. second group school shall receive credit for each year of service as such assistant up to the maximum of three years, but no more; that is to say, shall receive for the first MISS VON HOLLAND INJURED . year as principal not to exceed $1,500.00. " Recommendations concurred in. Miss Helene Von Holland, teacher of German in The Committee on School Management recommends that the Public School Art Committee, Sons and Daugh- the Beale school, was severely injured by an electric ters of the American Revolution, be given permission to car at 61st and Halsted streets Friday afternoon at present to the Wells, the Farren and the Lake High five o'clock. She was struck on the head and re- Schools statuettes of George Rogers Clark, as an object ceived two very severe and probably fatal injuries. lesson in patriotism to the children. Miss Von Holland is at the Englewood Union Hos- That half day sessions in the kindergartens of the Pu- pital. She has not recovered consciousness since laski and Washington Schools be temporarily instituted, owing to illness of the teachers. her injury and little hope is given of her recovery. That Charlotte G. Schram, a former teacher of German, has completed one year's course at the Chicago Normal School, as required by the resolution of the Board, adopted A CORRECTION. June 25, 1902 (Page 548) , and that her name be placed on the list for appointment in accordance with the rules. A statement in the tax article in last week's issue That the following named former teachers in the public needs explanation. In comparing the amount of schools of Chicago, who hold valid certificates, be placed tax actually paid with the amount legally due on upon the list for appointment in accordance with the rules: certain pieces of real estate mentioned, the proportion Cady, Jennie L.; Rogers, Margaret I.; Treleaven, Grace. only not the actual taxes was intended as illustra- That the following persons, who have served satisfac- torily as substitutes for four months and who are recom- tion, but the language conveyed a different mean- mended for election by the principals of their schools, be ing. The real estate that sold for $24,000, but elected to the positions named at the salaries named, to which the assessors valued at $12,000, will be taxed date from February 1, 1904: but $120 a year for four years, where it should pay Avery, Elizabeth. South Division High, 4 years' ex- perience in secondary school work, to third group, third $240 a year. The $19,000 piece valued at $10,500 year, $975.00 per annum. will pay $ 105 instead of $190; that is, I per cent of Livermore, Jessie, drawing teacher. South Division full value. The figures given last week to show High, 5 years' experience as teacher in private school, to the proportion were $12 and $24 in the first case third group, third year, $900.00 per annum. McCracken, David E. R. T. Crane Manual Training and $10.50 and $19 in the second. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION is composed solely of Finns, not one in ten of whom knew a word of English upon entering; another is BULLETIN composed wholly of French Canadians, and almost Official Organ of the Chiorso Teachers' Federation. equally ignorant of English; one school comes from Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, homes of poverty, while others have children from December 23, 1991. well-to-do, highly intelligent English-speaking homes. There have been men who would make THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of every one of these schools lock step with every other April and December. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Pity Cents per year. Single one; there are others who do the most possible for copies, Five Cents . ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received each section according to its conditions. The one by Tuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. ALL KEMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to man likes the mechanics, the other life; the one is the order of the Federation Bulletin. seeking the beautiful angles of the crystals, the THE EDITOR , other the graces of the cells and fibers of the living 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO. organism. The roughest section of a caterpillar be- Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 6 p. m. Phone Central 8904. comes the rarest tracery of art under a microscope, while the keenest edge ever put upon a razor looks CHICAGO PROBLEMS.--(II.) like a stone wall under the glass . Chicago's greatest educational problems are, first, The vital feature of the American public school to avoid the deception that a mechanical polish to idea is not that it is free to all, is notthat the schools are supported by public taxation, is not the method her system is attractive, or that it can be crystallized. Second, to seek by honest adaptation the really of choosing or educating teachers, is not the super- artistic, genuine life of constructive cells, to fit her vision or administration, but is rather its adapta- bility. There are no two states that have the same children in the schools for the great and noble system or even the same general means of accom- organism of the most wonderful city in history. plishing the same ends. The schools, their hours, -Journal of Education, Boston. studies, methods, means of support, supervision and administration vary greatly. PROTEST FROM THE KABO CORSET COMPANY The schools are public, are for the public as it is, The Kabo Corset Company, through its Chicago and not as, theoretically, it should be. representative, protested against the publication in Every attempt to unify it, to idealize it, is an at- the Bulletin of Jan. 29th of the circular sent out by tempt to un-Americanize it, and by some strangely the Aurora Corset Workers' Union under date of good fortune all who seek thus to wreck it by mis- Jan. 7th. guided zeal are men and women without appreciable We print elsewhere in this issue a circular letter influence. concerning the lockout of Kabo Corset Workers, In some states the school funds are raised solely sent out by the Woman's Trades Union League. by local taxation. The community pays all of its bills. The list of officers of this league, whose names ap- In others it is divided between the local community and the state. In others it is wholly county or state pear on the communication, is sufficient guarantee that the investigation referred to in the communica- support. It adapts itself all the way from the At- lantic to the Pacific. tion and the facts alleged are fairly reported. In many states, as Dr. Schaeffer says of Pennsyl- Mrs. Ellen M. Henrotin, president of the Chi- vania, "law is the schoolmaster. " Leaders and spe- cago Woman's Club, Miss Mary McDowell of the cialists create a sentiment with persons of influence, University Settlement, and Miss Gertrude Barnum and by some means, by any means, secure the pas- are among the officers of the League, and Miss Jane Addams is on the executive board. sage of a law, the best possible, and then by enforc- ing that law educate the people to its observance. In other states, like Massachusetts, however, a MISS ANTHONY IN WASHINGΤΟΝ. mandatory law is rare, especially in educational af- Attends National Woman Suffrage Convention . fairs. A school law is permissive until about nine- tenths of the people observe it as a privilege, and The Woman's Journal in an interesting account then a compulsory law completes the work. of the noted women gathered in Washington for The old prudential districts were permissively the national suffrage convention has the following abolished, and when but four towns refused to ac- reference to Miss Susan B. Anthony : cept the privilege it became mandatory. Super- "Here is Miss Anthony, as full of interest as a vision was permissive until 97 per cent of the popu- young woman, and in so great demand by friends lation had such supervision, and then the other 3 and reporters that the telephone wires leading up per cent came in by force. to the committee room are kept hot with requests for The beauty and the glory of the American public her to come down to the parlor and speak to some- school idea is that it is without uniformity, but is, body. When the genial proprietor of the Shoreham rather, adaptable to all local necessities. Even in and his wife invited her to visit their rooms at the the same city some schools have two half-day ses- top of the hotel and see the wide and beautiful view, sions and others one session . In some cities entirely regret was expressed that it would be necessary for different text-books are provided for the same grade her to walk up a short flight of stairs, as the elevator in different sections of the city. does not run quite to the top. A friend remarked It must never be forgotten that ours is a public that Miss Anthouy would not mind this, as she was school, that it is for the public. There have always in the habit of running up and down stairs as lightly been theorists, pure and simple, who have sought as a girl. ' No,' said Miss Anthony, 'I do not run up mechanical regularity and uniformity in all the stairs any longer, because I do not think it wise: schools of a city. There is a city in which one school but I never walked upstairs till after I was eighty !" " CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 5 ANNOUNCEMENTS . the ministry, his intended vocation, dedicating him- self to the precarious life of an independent literary worker. Members of the Educational Departinent may se- Carlyle's marriage; story of his personal life. cure through this office course tickets for the lec- Ten years of struggle to make a living without tures given at the Art Institute on Mondays and abdicating moral independence. Spiritual autobi- Fridays at 4 p. m. at $1.00 per course. The Monday course is on the " History of Archi- ography and the heart of his gospel in "Sartor Re- sartus. Victory and gloom coming together. Sad- tecture," by Mr. William A. Otis, architect. ness of his late years . The lectures close on March 21 , There will be no lecture on Feb. 22 . Carlyle essentially a moral prophet. Hatred of shams and preaching the gospel of work and sin- The Friday course is on "Antiquities, Metals , Tex- cerity. His own conception of moral leadership in tiles," etc., by Mr. James William Pattison, painter, "Heroes and Hero Worship." His place: the hero and continues until Friday, May 20. as a man of letters . In Fullerton Memorial Hall at 4 p. m. unless Emerson, like Socrates, an unofficial public serv- otherwise stated. Nearly all illustrated by the stere- ant, dedicated to the life of the spirit, living in opticon or otherwise. serene harmony with his own ideal. Other leaders Fri. 19th-J. W. Pattison. Byzantine Mosaics more prominent than Emerson in public affairs , but and Art Objects. his the most fertilizing mind America has produced Mon. 22d-No Lecture, Washington's Birthday. hitherto. Fri. 26th-J . W. Pattison. Tapestries and Em- LECTURE V.-EMERSON . broideries. Mon. 29th-Wm. A. Otis. Architecture ; Ger- Family and world forces molding Emerson. man and Flemish Gothic. Awakening of New England. Emerson's relation to the transcendental movement. MARCH . Slow unfolding of Emerson's genius ; his great- Fri. 4th-J . W. Pattison. The Three Bourbon ness character, not talent. Absense of painful strug- Periods. gles. Finding of his mission. Works in which his Mon. 7th-Wm. A. Otis . Architecture; Gothic positive teaching is best expressed. The great ideas Architecture of Spain. to which he constantly returns . Fri. 11th-J . W. Pattison. Outcome of Bourbon Results of Emerson's method. Question as to his Decorations . limitations . The two views of life : from within the Mon. 14th-Wm. A. Otis. Architecture ; Italian smoke and suffering of the battle; from the serene Gothic. mountain heights. Carlyle expressing the strength Fri. 18th-J. W. Pattison. Classicists against and weakness of the one, Emerson of the other. Colorists. LECTURE VI.- TOLSTOY . Mon. 21st-Wm. A. Otis. Architecture ; Sar- Civilization from which Tolstoy springs. Causes acenic and Indian. of the striking contradictions in Russian life. Re- Fri. 25th-J. W. Pattison. David against Dela- sults of bringing a vigorous, barbaric people sud- croix. APRIL. denly into contact with the most refined French culture and art. Fri. Ist-J . W. Pattison. Polished or Spon- Tolstoy Russian of the Russians in the main ten- taneous Art. dencies of his character ; yet unique in his intellec- Mr. Pattison's course upon painting continues tual and moral conclusions. His early life ; experi- every Friday until May 20. ences in war. The same intensity which makes him a moral leader marking his period of reckless world- MR, GRIGGS' LECTURES . ly living. Epoch of his great novels ; autobiographi- Three Lectures for 75 Cents . cal element in them all. There are a few course tickets to the lectures by Crisis in Tolstoy's life. Reaction in middle age Mr. Edward Howard Griggs left, which can be ob- against the entire spirit and work of his previous tained on application to the office of the Federation . career. Terrible moral struggle narrated in " My Price of tickets for remaining three lectures of Confession ." Tolstoy's solution ; its worth and course, 75 cents, good in hands of members of the limitations . Value of his later writings in compari- Educational Department only. son with those of his great creative period. Ques- The next lecture will be on Feb. 20 at Steinway tion whether Tolstoy has found peace. His great- Hall, Jackson and Wabash avenue, and the subject ness as moral leader due to his desperate earnest- is " Carlyle. " Following is the outline for this lec- ness and uncompromising facing of life. ture: Holders of these special tickets must also present their CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION. membership cards in the Educational Department of the Federation at each of these lectures in Steinway Hall . The regular meeting of the Chicago Teachers ' Federation will be held in Fullerton Hall, Art In- LECTURE IV .-CARLYLE. stitute, March 12, 10:30 a. m. Awakening of England in the nineteenth century. Special order of business, election of officers for ensuing year. Fertilizing causes ; the French Revolution ; German literature and philosophy, Carlyle expressing both ; The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teach- the historian of the French Revolution ; the inter- preter of German thought to his countrymen. ers ' Federation will meet Monday, February 29, at 4 p. m., in Room 437, Unity Bldg. Hard but earnest family background of Carlyle. JOSEPHINE NICHOLS, Early struggles and ill-health. After a long and Cor. Secretary, bitter battle, renouncing for conscientious reasons 341 8. Forty-third Ave. 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. THE DEEP LOVING CUP . ANNUAL CONVENTION NATIONAL SUFFRAGE Here's to our better loving! ASSOCIATION . And here's to our loves outgrown ! The thirty-sixth annual convention of the Na- Here's to the bitter whirlwind tional American Woman Suffrage Association, That reaps what our seeds have sown ! which meets in the National Rifles' Armory Hall, Washington, D. C., Feb. 11 to 17, inclusive, will Here's to the friend that loves us be one of the most interesting ever held by this asso- Too deep for tears or word! ciation, if one may judge from the list of promi- And here's to those that love us, nent men and women who are among the speakers . When only the sense is stirred- One afternoon and evening will be devoted to speakers from Colorado who are prominent along Who know not the joy of giving the various lines of activity in which they are en- Is not to bicker and laugh, gaged. Among them will be Hon. Alva Adams, ex- Or to taste when the cup is sparkling, governor of Colorado ; Hon. I. K. Stevens of Den- Or only the beading to quaff ! ver, who will tell of the results of woman suffrage after ten years' experience ; Mrs. Helen Loring Here's to the hearts that touch us Grenfell of Denver, state superintendent of public On only one shining side ! instruction ; Mrs. Mary C. C. Bradford, Brighton, And here's to the soul's real comrade, president State Federation of Clubs ; Mrs. Helen Whose compass is deep and wide ! Belford, Denver, chairman Democratic Central Com- mittee ; Mrs. Ina Thompson, Denver, chairman And here's to the one that loves us Republican Central Committee; Mrs. Ellis Mere- And shows it in acts and looks ! dith, a prominent newspaper writer of Denver ; And here's to the one that helps us Mrs. Isabella Churchill, prominent club woman of Through silence or trust or books ! Greely; Sarah Platt Decker of the State Board of i Charities and Correction, Denver; Mrs. Minerva Here's to the friend that graces C. Welch, Denver ; Mrs. Catherine Cork, Brighton, His thought with golden speech ! Colo. And here's to the mute one, seeking The other speakers will be Dr. Samuel Barrows , The words too deep to reach ! New York city, secretary Prison Reform Associa- tion ; Anna Garlin Spencer, New York city, director But most to those who judge us ! National School of Philanthropy ; Mrs. Maud Na- Our peers who do not condemn ! than, New York city, president National Consum- Our brothers who aid us to balance- ers' League ; Charlotte Perkins Gilman, New York The gods give a toast to them ! city, author and lecturer ; J. Ellen Foster, Washing- MINNIE C. CLARK. ton, D. C. , chairman Woman's National Republican (Miss Clark was until recently a teacher in the Association ; Mrs. Walter Lister of Australia, sec- Hyde Park High School. ) retary Victoria National Council of Women ; Mrs. Harriet Stanton Blatch, Ithaca, N. Y., daughter of FIOS AND THISTLES. Elizabeth Cady Stanton; Mrs. L. Annis Pound, Greedy masters make greedy men. Lansing, Mich.; Mrs. Evelyn H. Belden, Washing- God never demands the impossible. ton , D. C., former president Iowa Suffrage Asso- Sacrifice is the measure of service. ciation. Mrs. Annie L. Diggs, who has been study- True culture is simply soul growth. ing industrial problems in Europe for the past two No home is built with hands alone . years, will arrive home in time to speak at this con- They who court fame never win it. vention. Rev. Mary A. Safford of Des Moines, Faith does not exclude forethought. Iowa, will preach the convention sermon on Sunday Easy virtue is the nurse of hard vice. in the hall. It' is not necessary to be irrelevant in order to The first evening will be occupied by the national be reasonable. officers, who will each make a brief address, and the A man's reflections on others constitute a fair re- president will give her annual address. flection of himself. Rev. Anna H. Shaw will give the closing address The light of success needs to be trimmed with the on Wednesday evening. shears of humility. It is no use fixing the eyes on the compass if the hand is not on the wheel. IF I CAN SUCCEED The man who sighs for the days of the martyrs in making clear to you what is meant by LOANS BY generally does it in an easy chair. CORRESPONDENCE you will never borrow on any It is easier to be religious with your eloquence other plan. Address E. B. , Federation Bulletin, 437UnityBldg. than it is to be eloquent with your religion. By permission Igive this paper as my reference. It might endanger the existence of the cold- storage church if the spirit of fire entered there. Some men are praying God for a big harvest, but LOANS TO TEACHERS they don't think it worth while to enlarge the barn. Some people think that God is waiting for them By a Teacher to die before he can decide on the plans for heaven. AT LIVE AND LET LIVE LOW RATES It is no use calling a man "brother " at the church "Wherewithal" and no tattling. door if you are not going to look on him as a L. A. care FEDERATION BULLETIN, 437 UNITY BUILDING brother at your own door. The Ram's Horn. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 7 FEDERAL The First TRUST & SAVINGS National $2,000,000 CAPITAL BANK SURPLUS $500,000 A Banking, Savings and Trust Company Bank business transacted. We invite interviews or correspondence from individuals, firms or corporations contemplating making changes or opening is now new accounts . OFFICERS. DIRECTORS. located in its Thomas P. Phillips, E. H. Gary, Chairman, President. Charles Deering, W. J. Chalmers. new office, NathanG. Moore, Vice President and Alfred H. Mulliken. Counsel. C. B. Shedd. Charles S. Castle, A. E. Musbaum. Cashier. T. P. Phillips. F. J. Scheidenhelm, Norman B. Ream. 119 Asst. Cashier. Edwin L. Wagner, Asst. Cashier. Irving J. Shuart, NathanG. Moore. E. J. Buffington. D. W. Burrows . W. E. Phillips. Secretary. J. N. Vance. Monroe St. N. E. Cor. La Salle and Adams Streets. The Elementary Democracy School Teacher and Social Ethics Edited by The University of Chicago By JANE ADDAMS School of Education, JOHN DEWEY, Director, MRS. ELLA F. YOUNG, Man- Head of "Hull House," Chi- aging Editor. Published monthly, cago; joint author of "Philan- except in July and August. Subscrip- thropy and Social Progress." tion price, $1.50 a year, single copies, 20 cents. Foreign postage, 50 cents. Miss Addams' Settlement Work is known to all who are interested in social amelioration and. municipal conditions. As the title of her book Amonthly periodical for teachers, prin- shows, it will be occupied with the reciprocal cipals and superintendents. Each number relations of ethical progress and the growth of contains practical plans for teaching in democratic thought, sentiment and institutions. everygrade from the kindergarten through the eight grades and the pedagogic schools . 31.25 NET. 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . EVERENOS THE ARE YOU AWARE THAT NORTH AMERICAN The REVIEW JOHN CHURCH CO. 260 WABASH AVE. THEmostnotableliteraryeventofthe year 1904 will be the serial publi cation in THE NORTH AMERICAN Allow REVIEW of a new novel, "The Son of Royal Langbrith," by William Dean Special Discounts Howells,beginning intheJanuarynumber to School Teachers? 50 cents a copy; $5.00 ayear Write Dept. "S" for Catalogues, Prices, Terms, Eto. The North American Review, HARVARNOS FRANKLIN SQUARE, Ν. Υ. NOW IS THE TIME To Secure the New 1903 Edition of Ridpath's History of the United States less than ever sold before-sets sent on approval-an easy way to 50% get this matchless set of books-a necessity in every American home The name of Dr. Ridpath, our greatest historian, is known from Main to California , and this sweeping reduction places for the first time within the reach of every intelligent American the graphic story of the heroic deeds of our forefathers as only he can tell it. UNIVERSALLY COMMENDED- FASCINATING AS A ROMANCE . This is the only history endorsed by such scholars and thinkers as the late President McKinley; ex-President White of Cornell;Prof. Churchill ofOberlin; Dr. Buckley ofthe Christian Advocate; Hezekiah Butterworth, former editor Towth's Companion; W. R. Houghton, A. M., Professor of History, Indiana University; Prof. Bennett, Boston University; Prof. Edwards of McKendee; W. D. Wilson. D. D. LL. D., Registrar of Cornell, and thousands of other famous men and women who have born witness to its absorbing interest and value. THE NEW 1903 IMPERIAL EDITION Revised and enlarged into Five Superb Royal Octavo Volumes-Lavishly Illustrated-contains our country's history from earliest times todate, and hasbeenenriched byhundreds of new Map Race Charts, Chronological-Charte and text illustrations, together with over 100 full-page photogravures and half-tone Etchings of Famous Historical Paintings by Trumbull, Chapman and other great artists, making it the most valuable collection of historical illustrations ever embodied in any work. D. A. McKINLAY & CO ., New York Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin 100 Vol. 3. CHICAGO , FEB. 26, 1904. No. 13 . DEMOCRACY IN EDUCATION. BY DR. JOHN DEWEY. UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO. In The Elementary School Teacher, December. AS TO THE TEACHER. - If there is a single public- school system in the United States where there is official and constitutional provision made for submitting questions of methods of discipline and teaching, and the questions of the curriculum, text-books, etc. , to the discussion and decision of those actually engaged in the work of teaching, that fact has escaped my notice. Indeed, the opposite situation is so common that it seems, as a rule, to be absolutely taken for granted as the normal and final condition of affairs. The number of persons to whom any other course has occurred as desirable, or even possible to say nothing of necessary-is apparently very limited. But until the public school system is organized in such a way that every teacher has some regular and represen- tative way in which he or she can register judgment upon matters of educational impor- tance, with the assurance that this judgment will somehow affect the school system, the assertion that the present system is not, from the internal standpoint, democratic seems to be justified. Either we come here upon some fixed and inherent limitation of the dem- ocratic principle, or else we find in this fact an obvious discrepancy between the conduct of the school and the conduct of social life-a discrepancy so great as to demand imme- diate and persistent effort at reform. DR. JOHN DEWEY, In The Elementary School Teacher, Dec. 1903. Modern life means democracy, democracy means much of conflict and of defect, comes from the freeing intelligence for independent effectiveness- discrepancy between the relatively undemocratic the emancipation of mind as an individual organ to organization of the school, as it affects the mind of do its own work. We naturally associate democ- both teacher and pupil, and the growth and ex- racy, to be sure, with freedom of action, but free- tension of the democratic principle in life beyond dom of action without freed capacity of thought school doors . behind it is only chaos. If external authority in The effort of the last two-thirds of a century has action is given up, it must be because internal au- been successful in building up the machinery of a thority of truth, discovered and known to reason, is democracy of mind. It has provided the ways and substituted. means for housing and equipping intelligence. How does the school stand with reference to this What remains is that the thought-activity of the matter ? Does the school as an accredited repre- individual, whether teacher or student, be per- sentative exhibit this trait of democracy as a spir- mitted and encouraged to take working possession itual force ? Does it lead and direct the movement ? of this machinery: to substitute its rightful lord- Does it lag behind and work at cross-purpose ? I ship for an inherited servility. In truth, our public- find the fundamental need of the school to-day de- school system is but two-thirds of a century old. pendent upon its limited recognition of the prin- It dates, so far as such matters can be dated at ciple of freedom of intelligence. This limitation : all, from 1837, the year that Horace Mann became appears to me to affect both of the elements of secretary of the state board of Massachusetts ; and school life: teacher and pupil. As to both, the from 1843, when Henry Barnard began a similar school has lagged behind the general contemporary work in Connecticut. At this time began that grow- social movement; and much that is unsatisfactory, ing and finally successful warfare against all the 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. influences , social and sectarian, which would pre- transfer of authority to the school superintendent. vent or mitigate the sway of public influence over In their zeal to place the center of gravity inside the private ecclesiastical and class interests. Between school system, in their zeal to decrease the preroga- 1837 and 1850 grew up all the most characteristic tives of a non-expert school board, and to lessen the features of the American public-school system ; opportunities for corruption and private pull which from this time date state normal schools, city train- go with that, they have tried to remedy one of the ing schools, county and state institutes, teachers' as- evils of democracy by adopting the principle of au- sociations, teachers' journals, the instittuion of city tocracy. For no matter how wise, expert, or benev- superintendencies, supervisory officers, and the de- olent the head of the school system, the one-man velopment of state universities as the crown of the principle is autocracy. public-school system of the conumonwealth. From The logic of the argument goes farther, very this time date the striving for better schoolhouses much farther, than the reformer of this type sees. and grounds, improved text-books, adequate mate- The logic which commits him to the idea that the rial equipment in maps, globes, scientific apparatus, management of the school system must be in the etc. As an outcome of the forces thus set in motion , bands of an expert commits him also to the idea democracy has in principle, subject to relative local that every member of the school system, from the restrictions, developed an organized machinery of first-grade teacher to the principal of the high public education. But when we turn to the aim school, must have some share in the exercise of and method which this magnificent institution educational power. The remedy is not to have one serves, we find that our democracy is not yet con- expert dictating educational methods and subject- scious of the ethical principle upon which it rests- matter to a body of passive, recipient teachers, but the responsibility and freedom of mind in discovery the adoption of intellectual initiative, discusison, and and proof-and consequently we find confusion decision throughout the entire school corps. The where there should be order, darkness where there remedy of the partial evils of democracy, the impli- shouldbe light. The teacher has not the power of cation of the school system in municipal politics, is initiation and constructive endeavor which is neces- in appeal to a more thoroughgoing democracy. sary to the fulfilment of the function of teaching. The dictation, in theory at least, of the subject- The learner finds conditions antagonistic (or at matter to be taught, to the teacher who is to engage least lacking) to the development of individual in the actual work of instruction, and frequently, mental power and to adequate responsibility for its under the name of close supervision, the attempt to use. determine the methods which are to be used in I. As to the teacher. If there is a single public- teaching, mean nothing more or less than the de- school system in the United States where there is liberate restriction of intelligence, the imprisoning official and constitutional provision made for sub- of the spirit. Every well graded system of schools mitting questions of methods of discipline and in this country rejoices in a course of study. It is teaching, and the questions of the curriculum, text- no uncommon thing to find methods of teaching books, etc. , to the discussion and decision of those such subjects as reading, writing, spelling, and actually engaged in the work of teaching, that fact arithmetic officially laid down; outline topics in has escaped my notice. Indeed, the opposite situa- history and geography are provided ready-made for tion is so common that it seems, as a rule, to be the teacher ; gems of literature are fitted to the suc- absolutely taken for granted as the normal and final cessive ages of boys and girls. Even the domain condition of affairs. The number of persons to of art, songs and methods of singing, subject-mat- whom any other course has occurred as desirable, ter and technique of drawing and painting, come or even possible to say nothing of necessary-is within the region on which an outside authority lays apparently very limited. But until the public- school its sacrilegious hands. system is organized in such a way that every I have stated the theory, which is also true of the teacher has some regular and representative way in practice to a certain extent and in certain places. which he or she can register judgment upon matters We may thank our heavens, however, that the prac- of educational importance, with the assurance that tice is rarely as bad as the theory would require. this judgment will somehow affect the school sys- Superintendents and principals often encourage in- tem, the assertion that the present system is not, dividuality and thoughtfulness in the invention and from the internal standpoint, democratic seems to adoption of methods of teaching; and they wink at be justified. Either we come here upon some fixed departures from the printed manual of study. It and inherent limitation of the democratic principle, remains true, however, that this great advance is or else we find in this fact an obvious discrepancy personal and informal. It depends upon the wisdom between the conduct of the school and the conduct and tact of the individual supervisory official; he of social life-a discrepancy so great as to demand may withdraw his concession at any moment ; or it immediate and persistent effort at reform. may be ruthlessly thrown aside by his successor who The more enlightened portions of the public have, has formed a high ideal of "system." indeed, become aware of one aspect of this discrep- I know it will be said that this state of things, ancy. Many reformers are contending against the while an evil, is a necessary one; that without it conditions which place the direction of school confusion and chaos would reign; that such regula- affairs, including the selection of text-books, etc.. tions are the inevitable accompaniments of any in the hands of a body of men who are outside the graded system. It is said that the average teacher school system itself, who have not necessarily any is incompetent to take any part in laying out the expert knowledge of education and who are moved course of study or in initiating methods of instruc- by non-educational motives. Unfortunately, those tion or discipline. Is not this the type of argument who have noted this undemocratic condition of which has been used from time immemorial, and in affairs, and who have striven to change it, have, as every department of life, against the advance of a rule, conceived of but one remedy, namely, the democracy ? What does democracy mean save that CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 3 the individual is to have a share in determining the devised which would draw to the calling of teach- conditions and the aims of his own work; and that . ing persons of force of character, of sympathy with upon the whole, through the free and mutual har- children, and consequent interest in the problems monizing of different individuals, the work of the of teaching and of scholarship, no one need be trou- world is better done than when planned, arranged. bled for a moment about other educational reforms , and directed by a few, no matter how wise or of or the solution of other educational problems. But how good intent that few? How can we justify our as long as a school organization which is undemo- belief in the democratic principle elsewhere, and cratic in principle tends to repel from all but the then go back entirely upon it when we come to higher portions of the school system those of inde- education? pendent force, of intellectual initiative, and of in- Moreover, the argument proves too much. The ventive ability, or tends to hamper them in their more it is asserted that the existing corps of teach- work after they find their way into the schoolroom, ers is unfit to have voice in the settlement of im- so long all other reforms are compromised at their portant educational matters, and their unfitness to source and postponed indefinitely for fruition. exercise intellectual initiative and to assume the 2. As to the learner. The undemocratic sup- responsibility for constructive work is emphasized, pression of the individuality of the teacher goes nat- the more their unfitness to attempt the much more urally with the improper restriction of the intelli- difficult and delicate task of guiding souls appears. gence of the mind of the child. The mind, to be If this body is so unfit, how can it be trusted to sure, is that of a child, and yet, after all, it is mind. carry out the recommendations or the dictations of To subject mind to an outside and ready-made ma- the wisest body of experts ? If teachers are incapa- terial is a denial of the ideal of democracy, which ble of the intellectual responsibility which goes with roots itself ultimately in the principle of moral, self- the determination of the methods they are to use directing individuality. Misunderstanding regard- in teaching, how can they employ methods when ing the nature of the freedom that is demanded for dictated by others, in other than a mechanical, the child is so common that it may be necessary to capricious and clumsy manner ? The argument, I emphasize the fact that it is primarily intellectual say, proves too much. freedom, free play of mental attitude, and operation Moreover, if the teaching force is as inept and which are sought. If individuality were simply a unintelligent and irresponsible as the argument matter of feelings, impulses, and outward acts in- assumes, surely the primary problem is that of their dependent of intelligence, it would be more than a improvement. Only by sharing in some responsible dubious matter to urge a greater degree of freedom task does there come a fitness to share in it. The for the child in the school. In that case much , and argument that we must wait until men and women almost exclusive, force would attach to the objec- are fully ready to assume intellectual and social re- tions that the principle of individuality is realized sponsibilities would have defeated every step in the in the more exaggerated parts of Rousseau's doc- democratic direction that has ever been taken. The trines ; sentimental idealization of the child's im- prevalence of methods of authority and of external maturity, irrational denial of superior worth in the dictation and direction tends automatically to per- knowledge and mature experience of the adult, petuate the very conditions of inefficiency, lack of deliberate denial of the worth of the ends and in- interest, inability to assume positions of self-deter- struments embodied in social organization. Deifica- mination, which constitute the reasons that are de- tion of childish whim, unripened fancy, and arbi- pended upon to justify the regime of authority. trary emotion is certainly a piece of pure romanti- The system which makes no great demands upon cism. The would-be reformers who emphasize out originality, upon invention, upon the continuous of due proportion and perspective these aspects of expression of individuality, works automatically to the principle of individualism betray their own put and to keep the more incompetent teachers in cause. But the heart of the matter lies not there. the school. It puts them there because, by a natural Reform of education in the direction of greater play law of spiritual gravitation, the best minds are for the individuality of the child means the secur- drawn to the places where they can work most ing of conditions which will give outlet, and hence effectively. The best minds are not especially like direction, to a growing intelligence. It is true that to be drawn where there is danger that they may this freed power of mind with reference to its own have to submit to conditions which no self-respect- further growth cannot be obtained without a certain ing intelligence likes to put up with; and where leeway, a certain flexibility, in the expression of their time and energy are likely to be so occupied even immature feelings and fancies. But it is with details of external conformity that they have equally true that it is not a riotous loosening of no opportunity for free and full play of their own these traits which is needed, but just that kind and vigor. degree of freedom from repression which are found I have dwelt at length upon the problem of the to be necessary to secure the full operation of in- recognition of the intellectual and spiritual indi- telligence. viduality of the teacher. I have but one excuse. Now, no one need doubt as to what mental ac- All other reforms are conditioned upon reform in tivity or the freed expression of intelligence means. the quality and character of those who engage in No one need doubt as to the conditions which are the teaching profesison. The doctrine of the man conducive to it. We do not have to fall back upon behind the gun has become familiar enough, in re- what some regard as the uncertain, distracting, and cent discussion, in every sphere of life. Just be- even distressing voice of psychology. Scientific cause education is the most personal, the most inti- methods, the methods pursued by the scientific in- mate, of all human affairs, there, more than any- quirer, give us an exact and concrete exhibition of where else, the sole ultimate reliance and final source the path which intelligence takes when working of power are in the training, character, and intelli- most efficiently, under most favorable conditions. gence of the individual. If any scheme could be (Continued on page 5.) 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION THE SCHOOL PENSION PLAN . BULLETIN And now it is proposed to make the pensioning Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, of aged, infirm and worn-out school teachers, a mat- Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter. ter of general tax; the expense to go on the tax December 23, 1901. duplicate, just as any other tax does. THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the It is just. It is only fair. It is simply decent year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of April and December, by the Chicago Teachers' Federation. treatment a little of the Golden Rule injected into THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single copies, Five Cents. public affairs. ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received by Tuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. When the Teachers' Association of Albany on ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to the order of the Federation Bulletin. Wednesday afternoon endorsed Senator Bailey's THE EDITOR , bill to pensión teachers, it did an excellent thing. 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO . Business office hours , 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. What is the history of the average school woman who devotes her life to her profession ? CHICAGO PROBLEMS.-- (111.) She works for pitifully small wages, and she This series of ten editorials is intended as sug- works hard. You would never envy her her situa- gestive and not instructive, as opening and not clos- tion. She must be patient, devoted, tactful, learned, ing a discussion, as a glimpse at conditions and not energetic. Teaching school isn't confined to books. a photograph. They are not written from the She has to study the peculiarities of children all her standpoint of a crusader, but of a comrade, and they teaching days. She has to bear with much that is are more in the nature of an inquiry than of a con- discouraging. She learns to love children, and they viction. All educational problems center in the child, the grow up and away from her. She is a mother to real and not a philosophical, psychological or peda- many of them, as well as a teacher. She is expected gogical child, not the creature of charts or of statis- to inculcate the spirit of obedience in them; to tics, but the genuine specimen, with the temper and teach them to be honest and upright and clean in disposition, the worries and frets, the sorrows and body and morals. She lays the foundations of good sins of chaotic humanity in the flux. It must be ever kept in mind that while childhood citizenship in these young people. is life, a true life, it always has in view the larger And her hair gets grey, and it becomes more life, is always an aspiration for a larger boyhood or and more difficult to be bright and cheery, and she girlhood, for manhood and womanhood. For these realizes that she is an old woman-worn out teach- the child thinks, purposes, and plays. The girl is ing school. always the mother of her dolls, their teacher, or nurse. The boy's broomstick is a real horse, and he And then, say you, she gives up her position and is a physician, a soldier, a policeman, a preacher , a lives out the rest of her days on her savings. shopkeeper, or a schoolmaster. Not once in a hundred times. She has to live, to No thought of a school, no theory concerning it dress becomingly, to board in a respectable neigh- or adjustment of it is worth while that does not rec- borhood; and you have to pay money for that very ognize the fact that in an inappreciable short time the child will be bearing the responsibilities of respectability. She has to buy books, and she does home, society, and civil government, of employer or purchase things for the pupils time and time again, employee. Nowhere in the world does this respon- because it is in her great heart to fill a need that can sibility mean so much as in Chicago, where public be filled in no other way. sentiment reforms so quickly and intensely, where She is paid $400, perhaps $600 or $700 a year, in children must become men to make or break the favored instances more. It is all that she can do social order. to make both ends meet. Sickness-don't speak of School life is either chaotic, mechanical, or in- it! A school teacher can't afford to be sick. spired by some vital idea, which may be conven- That isn't a pleasant picture. It is a true one. tional, ingenious, or masterful. There is much The school teacher that you know will tell you so. school work that is chaotic, more that is mechanical. The little that is inspirational is more conven- And so, as a simple matter of justice, as one step toward the complete recognition of the real worth of tional in the East than in the West. Chicago could the school teacher, the pension fund should be sup- be chaotic but she could not be mechanically con- ported by taxation, and the pensions should be gen- ventional. Her school problem is the same in kind crous. as her other problems, that is, how to escape the It is a part of the expenses of our educational danger of chaos without being wrecked in the vain system and should be recognized as such.---Troy attempt to be conventionally mechanical. Press. Chicago schools must educate her children to 1 solve the problems of humanity under conditions THE SALARY SUIT. where public sentiment will control, where there will be no rest until this newest of American ideals domi- As the case on trial before Judge Dunne this nates the republic. Liberty without license, inde- week was not finished on Wednesday the teachers' pendence without chronic disorder, loyalty without case could not be begun on that day, nor on Thurs- the sacrifice of interest or of personality are indis- day. It is announced as we go to press that the pensable to Chicago's future, and they are only pos- pending case will be disposed of by Thursday noon sible through the right school life.-Journal of Edu- and the teachers' case will begin immediately on its cation, Boston. close. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 5 ANNOUNCEMENTS . DEMOCRACY IN EDUCATION . (Continued from page 3.) Members of the Educational Department may se- What is primarily required for that direct in- cure through this office course tickets for the lec- : quiry which constitutes the essence of science is tures given at the Art Institute on Mondays and first-hand experience ; an active and vital participa- Fridays at 4 p. m. at $1.00 per course . tion through the medium of all the bodily organs The Monday course is on the "History of Archi- with the means and materials of building up first- hand experience. Contrast this first and most fun- tecture," by Mr. William A. Otis, architect. damental of all the demands for an effective use of The lectures close on March 21 . There will be no lecture on Feb. 22. mind with what we find in so many of our elemen- TheFriday course is on "Antiquities, Metals, Tex- tary and high schools. There first-hand experience is at a discount ; in its stead are summaries and tiles," etc., by Mr. James William Pattison, painter, formulas of the results of other people. Only very and continues until Friday, May 20. recently has any positive provision been made with- In Fullerton Memorial Hall at 4 p. m. unless otherwise stated. Nearly all illustrated by the stere- in the schoolroom for any of the modes of activity opticon or otherwise. and for any of the equipment and arrangement Fri. 26th-J. W. Pattison. Tapestries and Em- which permit and require the extension of original broideries. experiences on the part of the child. The school has literally been dressed out with hand-me-down Mon. 29th-Wm. A. Otis. Architecture; Ger- garments with intellectual suits which other peo- man and Flemish Gothic. ple have worn. Secondly, in that freed activity of mind which MR, GRIGGS' LECTURES. we term "science" there is always a certain prob- The next lecture will be on aMrch 5 at Steinway lem which focusses effort, which controls the col- Hall, Jackson and Wabash avenue, and the subject lecting of facts that bear upon the question, the use is "Emerson ." of observation to get further data, the employing of memory to supply relevant facts, the calling into CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION . play of imagination, to yield fertile suggestion and construct possible solutions of the difficulty. The regular meeting of the Chicago Teachers ' Turning to the school, we find too largely no Federation will be held in Fullerton Hall, Art In- counterpart to this mental activity. Just because a stitute, March 12, 10:30 a. m. second-handed material has been supplied wholesale Special order of business, election of officers for and retail, but anyway ready-made, the tendency is ensuing year. to reduce the activity of mind to a docile or passive taking in of the material presented-in short, to The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teach- memorizing, with simply incidental use of judg- ers' Federation will meet Monday, February 29, at ment and of active research. As is frequently 4 p. m., in Room 437, Unity Bldg. stated, acquiring takes the place of inquiring. It is JOSEPHINE NICHOLS, Cor. Secretary, hardly an exaggeration to say that the sort of mind- 341 8. Forty-third Ave. activity which is encouraged in the school is a sur- vival from the days in which science had not made IN MEMORIAM. much headway ; when education was mainly con- cerned with learning, that is to say, the preserva- Miss Sarah Zarley, who died January 23, was a tion and handing down of the acquisitions of the teacher in the Darwin School and began her career past. It is true that more and more appeal is made as a teacher in Joliet, where she taught for some every day in schools to judgment, reasoning, per- years before coming to Chicago in 1897. She was sonal efficiency, and the calling up of personal, as appointed to the Darwin School in the spring of distinct from merely book, experiences. But we that year and taught there until within the week have not yet got to the point of reversing the total before her death. For some time she had charge method. The burden and the stress still fall upon of music in the sixth and seventh grades. Her ex- learning in the sense of becoming possessed of the ceptional talent in music and her happy manner second-hand and ready-made material referred to. with children made her work very successful. As Mrs. Young has recently said, the prevailing Possessed of a magnetic personality Miss Zarley ideal is a perfect recitation, an exhibition without easily won friends while her reserve held the wealth mistake, of a lesson learned. Until the emphasis of a deep nature for those who were near her in a changes to the conditions which make it necessary love and friendship, the memory of which is for the child to take an active share in the personal precious. Hers was a rare character. Her body building up of his own problems and to participate was too frail for a mind whose power and grasp in methods of solving them (even at the expense might have made her a leader in a broader life; of experimentation and error) , mind is not really but fate did not point for her the broader way. freed. Like a stream which flows between the rocks, the In our schools we have freed individuality in channel of her life was deeply cut, its volume con- many modes of outer expression without freeing in- centrated and its power undispersed. telligence, which is the vital spring and guarantee Her life was short, but such a soul carries its own of all of these expressions. Consequently we give assurance of immortality. Not only in the greater opportunity to the unconverted to point the finger world, of which faith speaks, does she live, but in of scorn, and to clamor for a return to the good every life upon which her unselfish devotion was old days when the teacher, the representative of spent and in every soul which her nobility has up- social and moral authority, was securely seated in lifted. the high places of the school. But the remedy here, 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. as in other phases of our social democracy, is not every point with the child's natural needs and to turn back, but to go farther-to carry the evolu- powers, and which supply the requisites for building tion of the school to a point where it becomes a up his experience upon all sides. As fast as these place for getting and testing experience, as real and various agencies find their way into the schools, the adequate to the child upon his existing level as all center of gravity shifts, the regime changes from the resources of laboratory and library afford to one of subjection of mind to an external and ready- the scientific man upon his level. What is needed made material, into the activity of mind directed is not any radical revolution, but rather an organ- upon the control of the subject-matter and thereby ization of agencies already found in the schools. It its own upbuilding. is hardly too much to say that not a single subject Politically we have found that this country could or instrumentality is required which is not already not endure half free and half slave. We shall find found in many schools of the country. All that is equally great difficulty in encouraging freedom, in- required is to gather these materials and forces to- dependence, and initiative in every sphere of social gether and unify their operation. Too often they life, while perpetuating in the school dependence are used for a multitude of diverse and often con- upon external authority. The forces of social life flicting aims . If a single purpose is provided, that are already encroaching upon the school institutions of freeing the processes of mental growth, these which we have inherited from the past, so that agencies will at once fall into their proper classes many of its main stays are crumbling. Unless the and reinforce each other. outcome is to be chaotic, we must take hold of the A catalogue of the agencies already available organic, positive principle involved in democracy, would include at least all of the following : Taking and put that in entire possesison of the spirit and the child out of doors, widening and organizing his work of the school. experience with reference to the world in which he In education meet the three most powerful mo- lives ; nature study when pursued as a vital observa- tives of human activity. Here are found sympathy tion of forces working under their natural con- and affection, the going out of the emotions to the ditions, plants and animals growing in their own most appealing and the most rewarding object of homes, instead of mere discussion of dead speci- love-a little child. Here is found also the flower- mens. We have also school gardens, the introduc- ing of the social and institutional motive, interest in tion of elementary agriculture, and more especially the welfare of society and in its progress and re- of horticulture-a movement that is already making form by the surest and shortest means. Here, too, great headway in many of the western states. We is found the intellectual and scientific motive, the have also means for the sake of studying physio- interest in knowledge, in scholarship, in truth for graphic conditions, such as may be found by rivers, its own sake, unhampered and unmixed with any pends or lakes, beaches, quarries, gulleys, hills, etc. alien ideal. Copartnership of these three motives- As similar agencies within the school walls, we find a very great variety of instruments for con- of affection, of social growth, and of scientific in- structive work, or, as it is frequently, but somewhat quiry-must prove as nearly irresistible as anything unfortunately, termed, "manual training." Under human when they are once united. And, above all this head come cooking, which can be begun in its else, recognition of the spiritual basis of democracy, simpler form in the kindergarten; sewing, and what the efficacy and responsibility of freed intelligence, is of even greater educational value, weaving, in- is necessary to secure this union. cluding designing and the construction of simple apparatus for carrying on various processes of spin- BETTER SALARIES FOR TEACHERS. ning, etc. Then there are also the various forms of tool- work directed upon cardboard, wood, and The 3,800 school teachers of Philadelphia have reached the successful climax of their brief and iron; in addition there are clay-modeling and a variety of ways of manipulating plastic material to spirited campaign for higher salaries. A sub- gain power and larger experience. stantial increase has been made all along the Such matters pass readily over into the simpler line from high school to kindergarten, not omit- forms of scientific experimentation. Every school- ting the janitors of school buildings, who, it ap. room from the lowest primary grade up should be pears, get an additional ten per cent. While the supplied with gas, water, certain chemical sub- new schedule just passed by the Philadelphia Coun- stances and reagents. To experiment in the sense cils places the nomination of Philadelphia teachers of trying things or to see what will happen is the on a considerably higher plane than before, it is most natural business of the child; it is, indeed, nis to be noted that it is still behind the standard of chief concern. It is one which the school has wages awarded in Boston and other cities. But the largely either ignored or actually suppressed, prompt and cordial response of the Councils, im- so that it has been forced to find outlet in mischief pelled by public sentiment, may be looked on as an or even in actually destructive ways. This ten- indication that better things are in store for the dency could find outlet in the construction of simple teachers in Philadelphia public schools whenever apparatus and the making of simple tests, leading they shall arise in their might and demand adequate constantly into more and more controlled experi- pecuniary recognition for good work done. mentation, with greater insistence upon definiteness of intellectual result and control of logical process. Add to these three typical modes of active experi- LOANS TO TEACHERS menting, various forms of art expression, begin- By a Teacher ning with music, clay-modeling, and story-telling as AT LIVE AND LET LIVE LOW RATES foundation elements, and passing on to drawing, "Wherewithal" and no tattling. painting, designing in various mediums, we have a L. A. care PEDERATION BULLETIN, 437 UNITY BUILDING range of forces and materials which connect at CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 7 FEDERAL The First TRUST & SAVINGS National $2,000,000 CAPITAL BANK SURPLUS $500,000 ABanking, Savings and Trust Company Bank business transacted. We invite interviews or correspondence from individuals, firms or corporations contemplating making changes or opening is now new accounts . OFFICERS. DIRECTORS. located in its Thomas P. Phillips, E. H. Gary, Chairman, President. Charles Deering, NathanG. Moore, W. J. Chalmers new office , Vice President and Alfred H. Mulliken. Counsel. C. B. Shedd. Charles S. Castle, A. E. Musbaum. Cashier. T. P. Phillips . F. J. Scheidenhelm, Norman B. Ream. 119 Asst. Cashier. Edwin L. Wagner, Asst. Cashier. Irving J. Shuart, NathanG. Moore. E. J. Buffington. D. W. Burrows . W. E. Phillips. Secretary. J. N. Vance. Monroe St. N. E. Cor. La Salle and Adams Streets . NOW IS THE TIME To Secure the New 1903 Edition of Ridpath's History of the United States less than ever sold before-sets sent on approval-an easy way to 50% get this matchless set of books-a necessity in every American home The name of Dr. Ridpath, our greatest historian, is known from Main to California, and this sweeping reduction places for the first time within the reach of every intelligent American the graphic story of the heroic deeds of our forefathers as only he can tell it. UNIVERSALLY COMMENDED - FASCINATING AS A ROMANCE . This is the only history endorsed by such scholars and thinkers as the late President McKinley ; ex-Prezident White of Cornell; Prof. Churchill of Oberlin ; Dr. Buckley of the Christian Advocate; Hezekiah Butterworth, former editor Youth's Companion; W. R. Houghton, A. M. , Professor of History, Indiana University; Prof. Bennett, Boston University ; Prof. Edwards of McKendee; W. D. Wilson. D. D. LL. D. , Registrar of Cornell, and thousands of other famous men and women who have born witness to its absorbing interest and value. THE NEW 1903 IMPERIAL EDITION Revised and enlarged into Five Superb Royal Octavo Volumes- Lavishly Illustrated - contains our country's history from earliest times to date, and has been enriched byhundreds of new Maps, Race Charts, Chronological-Charts and text illustrations, together with over 100 full-page photogravures and half- tone Etchings of Famous Historical Paintings by Trumbull, Chapman and other great artists, making it the most valuable collection of historical illustrations ever embodied in anywork. D. A. McKINLAY & CO., New York 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . " How to Make the Most of Life " LECTURE BY RT . REV . JOHN LANCASTER SPALDING, D. D. , . BISHOP OF PEORIA, ILL. UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE Knights of Columbus AT THE Auditorium, Wednesday Evening, March 9th, 1904. No teacher can afford to miss this opportunity of hearing this great thinker and scholar, who is everywhere recognized as a public spirited citizen and a courageous exponent of christian ideas on labor and social questions. TICKETS . 4 Main Floor .... $ 1.00 Tickets on sale at Main Balcony, first nine rows .... 1.00 Main Balcony, back of 9th row... .75 Auditorium Box Office, Second Balcony...... .50 Boxes , seating six .. 10.00 Beginning March 3 , 1904. EVERENOS THE ARE YOU AWARE THAT NORTH AMERICAN The REVIEW : JOHN CHURCH CO. 260 WABASH AVE. THEmostnotableliteraryeventofthe year 1904 will be the serial publi cation in THE NORTH AMERICAN Allow REVIEW of a new novel. "The Son of Royal Langbrih," by William Dean Special Discounts Howells,beginning intheJanuarynumber to School Teachers? 50 cents a copy; $5.00 a year Write Dept. "S" for Catalogues, Prices, Torms, Etc.. The North American Review, HARVARNOS FRANKLIN SQUARE, N. Y. Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin 100 Vol. 3. CHICAGO, MARCH 4, 1904. No. 14. THE TEACHERS' SALARY SUIT. gins in January, and that at the beginning of the Margaret A. Haley . fiscal year or soon after it is its custom to fix salaries . The attorneys for the teachers hold that The salary suit of the teachers, now on hearing if this is admitted, that is if the board has the right before Judge Dunne, is nearing its close as this re- to cut at all in the middle of the year, it can cut port goes to print ( Wednesday evening) , both down to any figure, and that would be an unreason- sides have presented practically all of their evidence able construction of the law of contract. and to-morrow the arguments of the attorneys will The fact that the teachers through their own diligence secured the delinquent taxes owed by the begin. The hearing begun Friday, Feb. 26, was corporations is made a basis for the claim by the continued Tuesday, March 1, and again to-day. teachers' attorneys that the teachers have an equity The teachers are represented by Mr. I. T. Green- in this , $249,000 of back tax so secured by them, acre and Mr. E. S. Smith of Springfield, the two under the provision of law giving preference to attorneys who fought and won the tax suit of the "delinquent creditors . " An amusing incident occurred when the teachers, and Mr. Clarence S. Darrow. The board teachers' attorney sought to introduce the testi- of education has the firm of Herrick, Allen, Martin mony of one of the Federation's tax committee to & Boyeson, besides the regolar attorneys for the prove the teachers' diligence. The Board's at- board, Mr. James Maher and his assistant, Mr. torney laughingly remarked that the teachers didn't Angus Shannon. Mr. John C. Richburg represents need any testimony to prove their diligence, the the city treasurer. presence of their three attorneys in court was proof enough of that. The testimony was admitted, At this stage of the proceedings an extended re- 1 however. port or any discussion of the case is out of the ques- In presenting the answer to the teachers' petition tion for publication in the Bulletin, but a full re- a portion of the rules adopted by the Board of port will be made at the next meeting of the Fed- Education in 1891 is quoted which reads that the eration. Board may discharge any teacher with or without Four witnesses were on the stand to-day-the cause. As the Civil Service clause of the present mayor, the president and secretary of the board of pension law provides for a hearing on charges be- education and a member of the Federation's tax- fore dismissal, another interesting question may be investigating committee. adjudicated in this case. One of the questions at issue, and the one with which the testimony of the first three witnesses PSYCHOLOGY AND THE TEACHING ART. named was concerned, is the appropriation by the city council of the funds for school purposes in 1900. By William James . In the council proceedings of that year the report (Preface to "Talks on Psychology." ) of the ordinance appropriating and also that of the In the general activity and uprising of ideal in- ordinance levying the funds for school purposes contains a foot note stating that a sufficient amount terests which every one with an eye for fact can of the money so appropriated and levied shall be discern all about us in American life, there is used in restoring the salaries of the experienced perhaps no more promising feature than the fer- teachers for the year 1900. mentation which for a dozen years or more has The claim is made by the attorneys for the teach- been going on among the teachers. In whatever ers that the council having appropriated money for a specific purpose, the board of education is bound sphere of education their functions may lie, there is to use it for that purpose. The board's attorneys to be seen among them a really inspiring amount of deny the right of the council to specify how any searching of the heart about the highest concerns portion of the educational fund shall be used by the of their profession. The teachers of this country, board. This point will undoubtedly be settled by one may say, have its future in their hands. The this suit. Another point in controversy is the right of the earnestness which they at present show in striving board to cut salaries during the school year, as was to enlighten and strengthen themselves is an index done in 1900. The claim of the board of education of the nation's possibilities of advance in all ideal is that the teachers accept their election in June directions. The outward organization of educa- with the knowledge that the board's fiscal year be- tion which we have in our United States is perhaps, 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. on the whole, the best organization that exists in which began in Locke's time, plus a little psychology any country. The state school systems give a di- of the brain and senses and theory of evolution versity and flexibility, an opportunity for experi- and a few refinements of introspective detail, for the ment and keenness of competition nowhere else to most part without adaptation to the teacher's use. be found on such an important scale. It is only the fundamental conceptions of psychol- Having so favorable an organization, all we need ogy which are of real value to the teacher ; and is to impregnate it with geniuses to get superior they, apart from the aforesaid theory of evolution, men and women working more and more abundantly are very far from being new. I trust that you will in it and for it and at it, and in a generation or two see better what I mean by this at the end of all these America may well lead the education of the world. talks. I must say that I look forward with no little con- I say moreover that you make a great, a very fidence to the day when that shall be an accom- great, mistake if you think that psychology, being plished fact. the science of the mind's laws, is something from No one has profited more by the fermentation of which you can deduce definite programs and which I speak, in pedagogical circles, than we psy- schemes and methods of instruction for immediate chologists. The desire of the school teachers for a schoolroom use. Psychology is a science, and completer professional training and their aspira- teaching is an art ; and sciences never generate arts tion toward the "professional" spirit in their work directly out of themselves. An intermediary in- have led them more and more to turn to us for light ventive mind must make the application by using its on fundamental principles. And in these few hours originality. which we are to spend together you look to me, I The science of logic never made a man reason am sure, for information concerning the mind's rightly, and the science of ethics (if there be such operations which may enable you to labor more a thing) never made a man behave rightly. The easily and effectively in the several schoolrooms most such sciences can do is to help us to catch over which you preside. ourselves up and check ourselves, if we start to Far be it from me to disclaim for psychology all reason or behave wrongly ; and to criticise ourselves title to such hopes. Psychology ought certainly to more articulately after we have made mistakes. A give the teacher radical help. And yet I confess science only lays down lines within which the rules that, acquainted as I am with the height of some of the art must fall, laws which the follower of the of your expectations, I feel a little anxious lest, at art must not transgress ; but what particular thing the end of these simple talks of mine, not a few of he shall positively do within these lines is left ex- you may experience some disappointment at the clusively to his own genius. One genius will do net results. In other words, I am not sure that you his work well and succeed in one way, while another may not be indulging fancies that are just a shade succeeds as well quite differently; yet neither will exaggerated. That would not be altogether aston- transgress the lines. ishing, for we have been having something like a The art of teaching grew up in the schoolroom "boom" in psychology in this country. Laboratories out of the inventiveness and sympathetic concrete and professorships have been founded and reviews observation. Even where (as in the case of Her- established. The air has been full of rumors. The bart) the advancer of the art was also a psycholo- editors of educational journals and the arrangers gist, the pedagogics and the psychology ran side by of conventions have had to show themselves enter- side and the former was not derived in any sense prising and on a level with the novelties of the day. from the latter. The two were congruent, but Some of the professors have not been unwilling to neither was subordinate. And so everywhere the co-operate, and I am not sure even that the publish- teaching must agree with the psychology, but need ers have been entirely inert. "The new phychology" not necessarily be the only kind of teaching that has thus become a term to conjure up portentous would so agree; for many divers methods of teach- ideals withal ; and you teachers, docile and receptive ing may equally well agree with psychological laws. and aspiring as many of you are, have been plunged To know psychology, therefore, is absolutely no in an atmosphere of vague talk about our science, guaranty that we shall be good teachers. To ad- which to a great extent has been more mystifying vance to that result we must have an additional en- than enlightening. Altogether it does seem as if dowment altogether, a happy tact and ingenuity to there were a certain fatality of mystification laid tell us what definite things to say and do when the upon the teachers of our day. The matter of their pupil is before us. That ingenuity in meeting and profession, compact enough in itself, has to be pursuing the pupil, that tact for the concrete situa- frothed up for them in journals and institutes till tion, though they are the alpha and omega of the its outlines often threaten to be lost in a kind of teacher's art, are things to which psychology cannot vast uncertainty. Where the disciples are not inde- help us in the least. pendent and critical minded enough (and I think The science of psychology and whatever science that, if you teachers in the earlier grades have any of general pedagogics may be based on it are in defect-the slightest touch of a defect in the world fact much like the science of war. Nothing is sim- -it is that you are a mite too docile) , we are pretty pler or more definite than the principles of either. sure to miss accuracy and balance and measure in In war all you have to do is to work your enemy into those who get a license to lay down the law to them a position from which the natural obstacles prevent from above. him from escaping if he tries to; then to fall on As regards this subject of psychology, now, I him in numbers superior to his own, at a moment wish at the very threshold to do what I can to dispel when you have led him to think you far away ; and the mystification. So I say at once that in my hum- so, with a minimum of exposure of your own troops, ble opinion there is no "new psychology" worthy of to hack his force to pieces and take the remainder the name. There is nothing but the old psychology prisoners. Just so, in teaching, you must simply CHACO TEACHERS FEDERATION BULLETIN. 3 work your pupil into such a state of interest in teachers who take a spontaneous delight in filling what you are going to teach him that every other syllabuses, inscribing observations, compiling sta- object of attention is banished from his mind ; then tistics and computing the per cent. Child study will reveal it to him so impressively that he will remem- certainly enrich their lives. And if its results, as ber the occasion to his dying day; and finally fill treated statistically, would seem on the whole to him with devouring curiosity to know what the next have but trifling value, yet the anecdotes and ob- steps in connection with the subject are. The prin- servations of which it in part consists do certainly ciples being so plain, there would be nothing but acquaint us more intimately with our pupils. Our victories for the masters of the science, either on eyes and ears grow quickened to discern in the the battlefield or in the schoolroom, if they did not child before us processes similar to those we have both have to make their application to an incal- read of as noted in the children-processes of which culable quantity in the shape of the mind of their we might otherwise have remained inobservant. opponent. The mind is your own enemy, the pupil But, for heaven's sake, let the rank and file of is working away from you as keenly and eagerly as teachers be passive readers, if they so prefer, and is the mind of the commander on the other side from feel free not to contribute to the accumulation. Let the scientific general. Just what the respective en- not the prosecution of it be preached as an impera- emies want and think, and what they know and do tive duty or imposed by regulation on those to not know are as hard things for the teacher as for whom it proves an exterminating bore or who in the general to find out. Divination and perception, not psychological pedagogics or theoretic strategy, any way whatever miss in themselves the appro- priate vocation for it. I cannot too strongly agree are the only helpers here. with my colleague, Professor Munsterberg, when he says that the teacher's attitude toward the child, But if the use of psychological principles thus be being concrete and ethical, is positively opposed to negative rather than positive, it does not follow that the psychological observer's, which is abstract and it may not be a great use, all the same. It cer- tainly narrows the path for experiments and trials. analytic. Although some of us may conjoin the We know in advance if we are psychologists that attitudes successfully, in most of us they must con- flict. certain methods will be wrong, so our psychology saves us from mistakes. It makes us, moreover, The worst thing that can happen to a good teacher more clear as to what we are about. We gain confi- is to get a bad conscience about her profession be- dence in respect to any method which we are using cause she feels herself hopeless as a psychologist. as soon as we believe that it has theory as well as Our teachers are overworked already. Every one practice at its back. Most of all, it fructifies our who adds a jot or tittle of unnecessary weight to independence and it reanimates our interest to see their burden is a foe of education. A bad con- our subject at two different angles-to get a science increases the weight of every other bur- stereoscopic view, so to speak, of the youthful or- den; yet I know that child study and other pieces ganism who is our enemy, and, while handling him of psychology as well, have been productive of bad with all our concrete tact and divination, to be able, conscience in many a really innocent pedagogic at the same time, to represent to ourselves the curi- breast. I should indeed be glad if this passing ous inner elements of his mental machine. Such word from me might tend to dispel such a bad con- a complete knowledge as this of the pupil, at once science, if any of you have it ; for it is certainly intuitive and analytic, is surely the knowledge at one of those fruits of more or less systematic mysti- which every teacher ought to aim . fication of which I have already complained. The best teacher may be the poorest contributor of Fortunately for you teachers, the elements of child study material, and the best contributor may the mental machine can be clearly apprehended and be the poorest teacher. No fact is more palpable their workings easily grasped. And, as the most than this. general elements and workings are just those parts So much for what seems the most reasonable of psychology which the teacher finds most direct- ly useful, it follows that the amount of this science general attitude of the teacher toward the subject which is necessary to all teachers need not be very which is to occupy our attention. great. Those who find themselves loving the sub- ject may go as far as they please and become pos- BROOKLYN TEACHERS MAY MARRY. sibly none the worse teachers for the fact, even though in some of them one might apprehend a A decision has been handed down by the court little loss of balance from the tendency observable of appeals in favor of a Brooklyn teacher who had in all of us to overemphasize certain special parts a suit against the superintendent of schools for re- of a subject when we are studying it intensely and abstractly. But for the great majority of you a fusing to permit her to remain in school after mar- general view is enough, provided it be a true one ; rying, a rule of the board of education in forbidding and such a general view, one may say, might almost the women teachers of Brooklyn to marry. be written on the palm of one's hand. The court held that the charter of Greater New Least of all need you, merely as teachers, deem York provides for a trial on charges before dis- it part of vour duty to become contributors to missal and specifically states the causes for which psychological science or to make psychological ob- a teacher can be discharged. The causes specified servations in a methodical or responsible manner. I are inefficiency, insubordination and immorality, fear that some of the enthusiasts for child study and the court holds that marriage, not being includ- have thrown a certain burden on you in this way. By all means, let child study go on-it is refresh- ed among these charges, the board cannot make a ing all our sense of the child's life. There are rule contrary to the charter of the city. 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION found love; when St. Louis failed to see the talent of Josephine Locke, Chicago placed her upon the BULLETIN throne ; when New York shrugged her shoulders at Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, a brilliant English musician, Chicago went wild Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois , as Second-Class Matter, over Mr. Tomlin's musical leadership. Here manual December 23, 1901. training was early accepted, and Ella F. Young and THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the Mr. Spear found freedom for their genius . year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of All this was not accidental, but resulted from a April and December, by the Chicago Teachers' Federation. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single copies, Five Cents. new ideal in social and philosophical life. Every ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received child is entitled to that which is best for him , and by Tuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. the idea of sacrificing any child to the average child ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to the order of the Federation Bulletin. met its Waterloo in Chicago. Not that each child THE EDITOR , can demand everything that he desires, but every 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO . class of children and every caste of mind has rights Business office hours , 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. which are sacred. Ten years ago Chicago was as ideal a city in its advanced educational notions as was to be found CHICAGO PROBLEMS. ( IV . ) on the continent. The work was not even, as it Few conditions are so inexplicable as the blind would have been on a mechanical basis ; results faith of the public in the schools. There is nothing were not uniformly accurate, as they would have too good to say of them, no support is too large been on the average child theory; the teachers were not as uniformly scholastic or cultivated as they when an appeal is taken directly to the people, and would have been under a reign of aristocracy of yet all care for them is left to whoever has the brains, but there was an inspiration, an awakening, official or professional responsibility. This would an independence and zeal not then discernible in be thought to be less probable in Chicago than in any other city. the older sections of the country, but it is none the The children educated in this atmosphere of Chi- less complete than elsewhere. cago from 1880 to 1895 are the men and women who are teaching there to-day, who are broad in Despite the apparent independence of the school their sympathies, who dare undertake heroic things people and the public, there is always a great un- in municipal, industrial and social life. Nowhere derlying social or philosophic force controlling both else in America has the effect of fifteen years of alike. This intangible influence was until within local educational life been so easily traced in the the past quarter of a century what may be desig- general spirit of a city. This is due to the schools, nated as aristocracy of brains. All educational . because they fitted the general public sentiment. ideals were based on this. Boston was at the same time educating her boys and The survival of the fittest is supposed to be a girls to conserve her traditions. modern notion of Huxley and Darwin, whereas it Chicago, more than ever, is the one city where was the school idea of the Eastern states for a hun- aristocracy, even of brains, will not be tolerated, dred years before these men announced the theory where neither the genius nor the dullard can be sac- of evolution. The bright children with talent and rificed to the average man or woman, where no tra- scholastic industry were, to all intents and purposes, dition is sacred when it bears unjustly upon the the school. It was no uncommon thing to have people, where no minority can trample upon the more than a third of a class kept back, and only the majority because it is better than the majority, and brilliant need expect to complete the course. There where no majority can wrest their rights from a are many academies and small colleges that have minority. died or are dying a lingering death because of the Chicago's future is in her schools. If she edu- worship of a Harrison or a Hayes who graduated cates the children for the next ten years to meet there. Chicago has known little of this experi- the highest and most progressive social ideals of any ence. city on the American continent, then in a quarter This was followed about thirty years ago by an of a century she will be the noblest of cities. idea that the school was for the majority. The absurd notion of the average child became domi- EDUCATIONAL AFFAIRS . WOMEN IN nant, and the bright child as well as the dull was sacrificed to the middle class that was neither. This Mrs. Helen Loring Grenfell, who is now serving was suddenly and very generally accepted as the her third term as superintendent of public instruc- correct thing, until at length we established a spe- tion in Colorado, has recently been in Washington cial room in many buildings to pick up the extra attending the National Woman Suffrage Conven- bright and extra dull and adjust them to some class tion. She claims that woman suffrage has resulted with whose average they were nearly agreed. in greatly benefiting the educational system in Neither this nor the aristocracy of brains was ever Colorado. More money is spent per capita upon agreeable to the public sentiment of Chicago. She the education of the children in Colorado than in simply kept going, doing good work, but with a any other state. The schools are entirely out of mental reservation and a quiet protest. politics, no school director is ever elected or teacher It was this unrest that led her to be among the hired on account of his or her political affiliations . first to magnify special teachers. She put in draw- In thirty-three counties of Colorado women are ing and music with the world's best in charge. county superintendents and most of them in coun- When Boston made life unbearable for Colonel ties with the largest population. The men and Parker, with his genius and progressive instinct, women teachers receive equal pay for the same grade Chicago welcomed him with the ardor of a new- work and women are eligible to any and all posi CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. $ tions. All their state institutions, including their BOARD OF EDUCATION. state university, have women on the faculty. Wednesday, March 2 , 1904. If there was nothing more to be gained than the The Committee on School Management presented the receiving of equal pay for equal work, it would following reports : be sufficient reason for every woman demanding That the Superintendent of schools be granted authority the ballot. to hold examination on Friday and Saturday, April 8 and 9, 1904, of candidates for certificates to teach in the ele- In Wyoming almost the first law that was passed mentary schools as follows : Teachers in Kindergartens. after women were enfranchised was one giving all Teachers of Manual Training. women in governmental employ equal pay with men That the medical examiners have conducted physical for the same work, including public school teachers . examinations of candidates for certificates, as well as of persons entering the Normal school and graduating from the Normal school, in accordance with the following schedule which covers all examinations subsequent to ANNOUNCEMENTS . those for which payment was made at date of the last payment by the Board, October 7, 1903 : Dr. Josephine Young, 65 examinations. Dr. Anna Dwyer, 18 examinations. Members of the Educational Department may se- Dr. James W. Walker, 20 examinations. cure through this office course tickets for the lec- Dr. Stella M. Gardner, I examination. The Committee recommends that warrants be drawn in tures given at the Art Institute on Mondays and favor of the persons above named in payment for their Fridays at 4 p. m. at $1.00 per course. services at the rate of one dollar for each examination made, as indicated. The Monday course is on the "History of Archi- That the new school at Eberly and North Cullom ave- tecture," by Mr. William A. Otis, architect. nues, which is about ready for occupancy, be opened and that same be made a branch of the Irving Park school ; The lectures close on March 21 . and that the Superintendent be authorized to make the necessary transfers of teachers and pupils from other TheFriday course is on "Antiquities, Metals, Tex- branches of the Irving Park school which are to be re- tiles," etc. , by Mr. James William Pattison, painter, placed by the new building. and continues until Friday, May 20. That a request has been made, through Mrs. Elia W. Peattie and Mr. W. R. Clements, by the patrons and resi- In Fullerton Memorial Hall at 4 p. m. unless dents of the Myra Bradwell school district for permission otherwise stated. Nearly all illustrated by the stere- to place a bronze memorial tablet in the assembly hall of the Bradwell school, in memory of Miss Irene Fort and opticon or otherwise. Miss Carrie Sayer, the former a principal and the latter a teacher in that school, who lost their lives in the Iro- quois theater fire ; and recommends that the request be MR, GRIGGS' LECTURES. granted. The next lecture will be on March 5 at Steinway That it is in receipt of a request from the teachers in the Beale school be granted permission to take up a con- Hall, Jackson and Wabash avenue, and the subject tribution from the principals and teachers in the public is "Emerson." schools for the benefit of Miss Helen von Holland, a teacher in the Beale school, who has been seriously in- jured. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION . The following is the appeal : The regular meeting of the Chicago Teachers ' "To the Principals and Teachers of the Chicago Public Schools . Federation will be held in Fullerton Hall, Art In- "Miss Helen von Holland of the Beale school, a teacher stitute, March 12, 10:30 a. m. of twenty years' service, has met with a serious accident. Special order of business, election of officers for She is in a city hospital, where she may be confined for months and her case demands special care. Miss von ensuing year. Holland was one of the teachers of German who spent last year in the Normal school, preparing for the regular grade work. During that period she had no income what- The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teach- ever. She has always been identified with active charity, giving generously of her strength and means. Her asso- ers' Federation will meet Monday, March 14, at ciates who know her financial resources, appeal to you for 4 p. m. , in Room 437, Unity Bldg. a contribution of not more than twenty- five cents. JOSEPHINE NICHOLS, "It is suggested that the money collected in each school Cor. Secretary, be sent by check or money order to Supt. W. C. Dodge. 341 8. Forty- third Ave. Respectfully, "The Teachers of the Beale School. " Per EVA B. CROWE, "JENNIE A. O'REILLY, The Chicago Teachers' Club will give a luncheon "ELSIE J. FRENCH . " on Saturday, March 12, at the Chicago Business The Committee recommends that the request be granted. Women's club. Plates may be obtained by ad- That Charlotte G. Schram, a former German teacher who dressing the president. Price 35 cents. Admis- graduated from the Chicago Normal school, be granted a partial certificate to teach in the elementary schools, sion to non-members, 15 cents. date of February 17, 1904. The program will consist of an address by Mr. That the Superintendent of schools has granted leaves of absence, for the purposes of study until June 25, 1904, Wm. L. Tomlins, a piano solo by Miss Esther Col- to the following named teachers, in accordance with the lins and a vocal solo by Miss Mary R. James. rules, and recommends concurrence in his action : Mary E. Reynolds, Pres . Louise S. Lull, Hammond school . Leonora E. Pease, Langland school. 401 W. 64th st. Welthy Stephen, Raster school. E. A. Hayward, Cor. Sec. Marget von Kampts, Doolittle school. 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. Mary Waters, Emmet school. Kathryn Isaacs, from Hancock and Greene school to That the salary of Mrs. Cherrill H. Wells, a teacher in Hancock and Keith . the Department of Househoid Arts, be fixed at the third Amy S. Jackson, from Pullman school to Pullman and year of the salary schedule for second group of teachers Burnside. of Household Arts, $850, to date from February 29, 1904, Grace Levin, from Ellis Avenue school to Scanlan. on account of previous experience of one year and four Ida A. Linden, from Parkside school to Brighton. months as elementary teacher and two years' work in Harriet Lovejoy, from Pulaski school to Pulaski and the Household Arts Department. Washington. That the following named former teachers in the public Thora Lund, from Burroughs school to Burroughs and schools, who hold valid certificates, be placed on the list for Greene. appointment in accordance with the rules: Julia A. Lait, Kathryn McDermott, froin Keith school to Haven and Mary E. Ryan. Moseley. That it is in receipt of the following report from the Addie O'Brien, from Pulaski school to Pulaski and Superintendent of schools, and recommends concurrence Washington. therein: Bertha Ostrander, from Bradwell school to Bradwell The Superintendent of schools respectfully reports that and Parkside. he has placed on the unassigned list, in accordance with Genevieve Richardson, from Hancock and Greene the rules, the names of the following teachers : school to Hancock and Keith. Margaret C. Brookhouse, Franklin school, Jan. 4, 1904. Bertha Seabury, from Madison school to Hammond. Mabel H. Christie, Alcott school, Feb. 1, 1904. Josephine Searing, from Burnside school to Ward. Marguerite E. Gallagher, Hawthorne school, Jan. 25, Josephine Searing, from Ward school to Burnside and 1904. Pullman. Alice M. Conlong Gayman, Beale school, Sept. 7, 1903 . Marguerite M. Siddall, from Burnside school to Pull- Fannie Goodman, LaSalle school, Feb. 1, 1904. man and Burnside. Cora A. Hough, Libby school, Jan. 18, 1904. Marguerite M. Siddall, from Burnside and Pullman Jessica C. Ingalls, King school, Feb. 1, 1904. school to Ward . Florence Mateer, Madison school, Feb. 20, 1904. Marguerite M. Siddall, from Ward school to Hammond. Grace Seymour, Norwood Park school, Feb. 9, 1904. Jennie C. Towns , from Keith school to Haven and Mose- Daisy E. Taylor, Schley school, Feb. 16, 1904. ley. Pauline J. White, Jirka school, Jan. 4, 1904. That it is in receipt of the following report from the Marion Wingard Wold, Talcott school, Jan. 11, 1904. Superintendent of schools, and recommends concurrence That the Superintendent has made assignments and trans- therein: fers of elementary teachers according to the attached list, The Superintendent of schools respectfully reports that and recommends concurrenec in his action. he has received and accepted the resignations of the fol- ASSIGNMENTS OF ELEMENTARY TEACHERS. lowing named teachers : Adeline E. Bendix, Darwin school. Maud Esther Brooks, Hammond school. Othelia R. Cary, Foster school. Mollie A. Brownell, Jefferson Park school. Jennie Clancey, Langland school. Anna L. Cronin, Burns school. Anna Kappes Eickleberg, Blaine school. Charlotte M. Debes, Goodrich school . Mabel M. Faux, Field school. Alice M. Farrell, Agassiz school. Edna B. Howison, Burns school. Fannie Frank, Brown school. Marion M. Leslie, Grant school. Annie L. Hoover, Nash school. Kate MacDonald, Nixon school. Elizabeth S. Peterson, Nixon school. Laura S. Price, South Div. High school. Mary A. Purck, Ravenswood school. Anna Reiwitch, Forestville school. Lulu Quinlan, Nash school. Frances L. Rix, Ravenswood school. Eleanor Reese, Normal Practice school. That the Superintendent of schools respectfully reports Nellie E. Richardson, Washburne school. that it will be a great advantage to have the date for the Ethel M. Shader, Ryerson school. opening of evening schools this fall fixed now in order TRANSFER OF ELEMENTARY TEACHERS . that an announcement may be made to the pupils who are Ella Aldrich, from Barnard school to Earle school. now attending school, and in order that other arrangements Nellie Carpenter, from Graham school to Shields school. may be made in ample time for the opening. Mary Dooley, from Greenwood Avenue school to Healy The Superintendent further reports that provision was school. made in the report of the Finance Committee, February Theresa M. Exselsen, from Agassiz school to Yale Prac- 3, 1904, for the opening of the evening schools for five tice school. months during the present fiscal year, and that this will Mary Hunnemann, from Froebel school to Jirka school . allow for a term of ten weeks in the fall of 1904. Veronica Leonard, from Park Manor school to West The Superintendent therefore recommends that the next Pullman school . evening school term begin on Monday, October 3, 1904, Veronica Leonard, from West Pullman school to Lewis- and continue till Friday, December 9, 1904; and that all Champlin school. the schools which were open this year be reopened in the Charles E. Marks, from Yale Practice school to Pullman fall; and that the school buildings be opened on Thursday school. and Friday, September 29 and 30, from 7 to 9 p. m. for Alice Morrison, from Burnside school to Libby school . the registration of pupils; and that the principals of each Mary O'Neill, from Kershaw school to Libby school. school, and such teachers as the Superintendent may find Mary A. Powers, from Harrison school to Fulton school . necessary, be present on these evenings, with pay, for the Ethel Shader, from Ryerson school to Bryant school. purpose of registering pupils for the opening. That the Superintendent has made assignments and The Superintendent further recommends that the Busi- transfers of Kindergarten teachers according to the at- ness Manager be authorized to have the necessary print- tached list, and recommends concurrence in his action. ing and advertising done on requisitions from the Super- ASSIGNMENT OF KINDERGARTEN TEACHERS . intendent of schools. Reports concurred in. Julia L. McIlvaine, Moos and Von Humboldt school, Feb. 4, 1904. WONDER IF IT IS TRUE? TRANSFERS OF KINDERGARTEN TEACHERS . This is why Illinoisans were first called " suckers," Maud Bard, from Madison school to Ellis Avenue and according to an old magazine. The early pioneers Madison. Alice Bensen, from Ellis Avenue school to Ellis Avenue adopted many Indian habits. They strapped their and Madison. infants to boards like papooses. After they began Netta Coulter, from Burroughs school to Burrough and to raise swine, the mother would leave her baby Greene. alone in the cabin for hours, but to alleviate his Lucine Finch, from Pullman school to Farren. solitude, she gave him a huge piece of raw pork to Lucine Finch, from Farren school to Mann. Lucy Frink, from Mann school to Medill. suck, first tying it to his foot by a string, so that Elizabeth R. Gore, from Bradwell school to Bradwell and whenever he attempted to swallow it the natural im- Parkside. pulse to kick would save him from choking. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 7 FEDERAL The First TRUST & SAVINGS National $2,000,000 CAPITAL BANK $500,000 SURPLUS A Banking, Savings and Trust Company Bank business transacted. We invite interviews or correspondence from individuals, firms or corporations contemplating making changes or opening is now new accounts . OFFICERS. DIRECTORS . located in its Thomas P. Phillips, R. H. Gary, Chairman, President. Charles Deering, NathanG. Moore, new office, Vice President and W. J. Chalmers. Alfred H. Mulliken. Counsel. C. B. Shedd. Charles S. Castle, A. E. Musbaum . Cashier. T. P. Phillips. F. J. Scheidenhelm, Norman B. Ream. 119 Asst. Cashier. Edwin L. Wagner, Asst. Cashier. NathanG. Moore. E. J. Buffington. D. W. Burrows Irving J. Shuart, W. E. Phillips . Secretary. J. N. Vance. Monroe St. N. E. Cor. La Salle and Adams Streets. IF I CAN SUCCEED in making clear to you what is meant by LOANS BY CORRESPONDENCE you will never borrow on any otherplan. Address E. B., Federation Bulletin,437 Unity Bldg. Democracy By permission Igive this paperas my reference. and Social Ethics Vearepleasedto announcethat MRS, CECILIA H. BAILEY, ( FormerSpecialTeacher) By JANE ADDAMS Has resumed her Classes in Public School Music, also privatevocal instruction. For further information and Head of "Hull House," Chi- terms, address 4047 Indiana Avenue, cago; joint author of "Philan- thropy and Social Progress." Only the deaf and dumb fail to appreciate the Miss Addams' Settlement Work is known toall who are interested in social amelioration and TELEPHONE municipal conditions. As the title of her book shows, it will be occupied with the reciprocal now - a-days . relations of ethical progress and the growth of Business & 5 Cents and perday up. democratic thought, sentiment and institutions. CHICAGO TELEPHONE CO . $1.25 NET. 203 Washington Street. 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . " How to Make the Most of Life " LECTURE BY RT. REV. JOHN LANCASTER SPALDING, D. D., BISHOP OF PEORIA, ILL. UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE Knights of Columbus AT THE Auditorium, Wednesday Evening, March 9th, 1904. No teacher can afford to miss this opportunity of hearing this great thinker and scholar, who is everywhere recognized as a public spirited citizen and a courageous exponent of christian ideas on labor and social questions. TICKETS. Main Floor .... . ..$ 1.00 Tickets on sale at Main Balcony, first nine rows .... 1.00 Main Balcony, back of 9th row ... .75 Auditorium Box Office, Second Balcony.. .50 Boxes, seating six . 10.00 Beginning March 3, 1904. RETT PIANOS THE ARE YOU AWARE THAT NORTH AMERICAN The REVIEW JOHN CHURCH CO. THE most notable literary event of the 260 WABASH AVE. THE year 1904 will be the serial publi cation in THE NORTH AMERICAN Allotu REVIEW of a new novel, "The Son of Royal Langbrith," by William Dean Special Discounts Howells,beginningintheJanuarynumber to School Teachers? 50 cents a copy; $5.00ayear WriteDept. "S" for Catalogues, Prices, Terms, Eto. The North American Review, HARVARNOS FRANKLIN SQUARE, N. Y. Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin 100 Vol. 3. CHICAGO , MARCH 11 , 1904. No. 15. HEARING IN TEACHERS' CASE CLOSED. MARGARET A. HALEY, Twenty Days to File Briefs. having been called and sworn as a witness in behalf of the complainant, testifies as follows : The hearing in the teachers' case before Judge Dunne Direct Examination by Mr. Smith . closed Friday, March 5, at 5 p. m., Mr. Clarence Darrow Q. What is your name ? making the closing argument for the teachers. Ten days A. Margaret A. Haley. from that date the briefs and arguments of the teachers' Q. What relation do you bear to the city schools of attorneys must be filed and ten days more given to the the city of Chicago ? board's attorneys to file their briefs and arguments, after A. I have been a teacher in the schools ; was a teacher which the teachers' attorneys have an additional five days in 1900. to reply to any new points contained in opposing counsels' Q. For how long have you been a teacher ? briefs and not answered in first filings. A. Well, some 15 or more years, before that date. Thus it will be seen that it will be at least three weeks Q. State to the court what the federation of teachers is. from the close of the hearing before the case will have (To which question the defendants, by their counsel, been fully presented to the court and it is impossible to then and there duly objected. ) tell how long the judge may have the matter under ad- THE COURT : I think it is immaterial, unless some visement before announcing a decision. of these notices are signed by them, by it. Owing to the incorrect newspaper reports on certain THE COURT : Q. Was that notice signed by the testimony presented during the hearing the same is printed body or by some individual ? in full in this issue. We print also the letter of the MR. MAHER: What notice ? superintendent appearing in last Sunday's Record-Herald THE COURT : That notice served upon the Board. concerning the same. MR. SHANNON : There were certain communications from the Federation to the Board . The attorneys for the Board of Education holding that MR. HERRICK : This is prior to- the board has power under its rules as amended in 18οι το THE COURT : Then it may become material to show dismiss any teacher in the service at any time with or that the cross defendants compose the Federation. She without cause, the attorneys for the teachers called the may answer. superintendent of schools and the secretary of the board to A. The Chicago Teachers' Federation is an organiza- testify as to the practice of the board in this matter. tion of the grade teachers in the schools . Their testimony also is given in full. MR. HERRICK : Are you going to show that these A detailed report of the hearing will be presented at are cross- defendants ? the meeting Saturday, March 12. A. (continuing)-And these teachers who are defend- ants are members of the Teachers' Federation, or the most MR. COOLEY CORRECTS STATEMENT. of them. MR. HERRICK : I believe that is stipulated in here. Finds no Basis for Remarks Regarding Miss Haley's THE COURT : Q. All of these cross-defendants are Testimony. members of that body? A. Not all of them, no, sir; most of them; there may Chicago, March 5.-To the Editor: In The Record- be some who are not. Herald of Thursday, March 3. I am quoted-and quoted MR. SHANNON : Q. The major part of them are, correctly-as saving that "Miss Haley's testimony that the yes, sir. records were falsified in the interest of myself or of any MR . SMITH : Q. State what if anything the Teach- of the district superintendents is false." I made this state- ers' Federation did towards creating this fund that is ment on the authority of the evening papers and of friends, here in controversy ? but I find, on a careful examination of the evidence as MR . SHANNON : To that we object, to what the taken down by the court stenographer, that nothing like Federation did. this was said by Miss Haley. I regret the injustice done THE COURT : Now, this is for the purpose of show- Miss Haley by my statement, and I shall appreciate it as ing that she has got a special lien upon this fund. a favor if you will print this correction in The Record- MR. SHANNON : An equitable lien. Herald to-morrow, the 6th inst. E. G. COOLEY. THE COURT : An equitable lien. Superintendent of Schools. MR. SMITH : Yes, your honor. -Chicago Record-Herald, March 6, 1904. THE COURT : In other words, that you are diligent creditors . STATE OF ILLINOIS, COOK COUNTY-ss. MR. SMITH : Yes , your honor. MR. HERRICK : Diligent creditors in what respect ? DANIEL E. DEVLIN. being first duly sworn, on oath Doing what ? Of course, they are diligent in being here says: That he is a court reporter doing business in the with three lawvers . Chicago courts for over ten years last past. That on MR. DARROW : Diligent in being down in Springfield. March 2. 1004. before Judge Dunn, he took in shorthand THE COURT : Oh, it is supposed that when a creditor and dictated to an operator, the attached testimony of ordinarily in the exercise of due diligence discovers cer- Margaret A. Halev: and affiant says that the same is a tain property, he gets by reason of superior diligence over true copy of his shorthand notes. the ordinary creditor, a special lien upon their property. DANIEL E. DEVLIN . MR. HERRICK : I suppose that is where property is Subscribed and sworn to before me this 4th day of fraudulently conveyed. There is nothing of that kind March, 1904 here. It is a question of law. I do not see how they LOUIS C. ROBERTS . could- It is a question of law. The facts are in the Notary Public. stipulation of facts after what transpired. 2 CHICAGA TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. THE COURT : You say that it is limited to cases where ployed in June of each year, for the succeeding school creditors fraudulently dispose of their property. year, beginning the Ist of July. That that was an em- MR. HERRICK : I understand it is that classification. ployment; that it wasn't a uni-lateral arrangement, but THE COURT : What do you say to that? that it was an employment by which the school board be- MR . HERRICK : A bill filed by a creditor to reach came liable to pay a fixed salary, and the teachers be- property fraudulently conveyed. came liable to render services for that year. The con- THE COURT : What is your contention here ? That tention of these gentlemen seems to be that that was an the city of Chicago fraudulently omitted to collect this election, and that after four months of the school year was money? run, the school board then had absolute power to say MR. SMITH : That the state board of equalization that for the remainder of the school year these teachers fraudulently omitted to assess the property from which shall receive simply such salary as they may see fit to this money was derived; that this organization instituted state, that they would not receive anything by virtue of suit in the assessment of the property or levy, and the the contract. Now, just what view the court will take of that, I do not know. Now, if there was no contract for collection of this money which is now involved here in this case. That as a result of the diligence of this organiza- a salary from the first day of July of each year to the tion, and their activity in prosecuting that suit, conducting end of the school year; then they were entitled for that time, to so much as their services were reasonably worth, it, that it did result in collecting this money, bringing it and it is with that view that I offer this evidence. in here, and it shows that they have an actual standing in this court for this money. MR. HERRICK : But the bill has expressed in its al- MR. HERRICK : In the first place, this organization legations that you are proceeding under the schedule of is not a complainant here anyhow. Miss Haley is simply March 9th. suing as a taxpayer, and it is based on the ground that THE COURT : As I understand these teachers are it Mr. is unlawfully diverted. entitled to certain pay. It is contended by one side that SMITH. We claim that those teachers acted it is of one schedule: it is contended by the other side, through this organization ; that all this organization did it is on another schedule. was their act. That is why I asked her what the pro- MR. HERRICK : That is the issue presented by those ceeding is. pleadings. MR. HERRICK : The proceeding action was taken MR. GREENACRE : Suppose that the evidence is all by Miss Goggin. heard and you conclude that the minds of the parties never THE COURT : She is complainant here. Was she met- complainant in the mandamus suit ? THE COURT : If we reach that point, I will allow MR. SMITH : Yes, sir. you to introduce that evidence, but I do not see how there THE COURT : Why isn't it competent ? can be any question about it in my mind. MR. HERRICK: Because we are talking now of what MR. SMITH : They were elected in June of each year the Federation did. I presume it would be right or at for one year. least proper to introduce the proceedings of what Miss MR. SMITH : Now. these gentlemen are saying that Goggin did. notwithstanding that election, notwithstanding that ac- THE COURT : Change your question then to what centance, notwithstanding the schedule of salaries that did Miss Goggin do ? was then in force, that in January following in the middle MR. SMITH : Q. What did Miss Goggin do with of the year. without consultation with the teachers, with- reference to instituting suit ? out any consent on the part of the teachers, that the school MR. HERRICK : That is all covered by the stipulation board did then fix another and different salary, and did of fact. do it, and paid them according to it, and that that was MR. DARROW : Not very fully. conclusive woon the teachers. MR. HERRICK : The report of the Supreme Court THE COURT : There is no such allegation presented shows it. by their issues in this case. THE COURT : That obiection is well taken. If the MR SMITH : Yes, your honor. stipulation of facts covers that, there is no use in going THE COURT : Do you include there that you are en- into it. titled to reasonable compensation for that period? MR. DARROW: It is covered fully in that, do you MR SMITH : No. remember? THE COURT : If I at any time reach the conclusion MR. SMITH : No, it is not. that there is no contract between the parties. I will allow MR. DARROW : Our theory is it was not very fully you to introduce testimony as to what the services are covered. worth. MR. HERRICK : It is much more fully covered than MR. SMITH : O. What was the practice of the teachers there is any merit in it from our standpoint. of the city schools of the city of Chicago, during the vears, MR. SMITH : The question of the materiality or how 1800, 1000 and 1901, relative to making monthly schedules much it weighs, is another question in the case. and reports? MR. SHANNON : After reciting the amount of money MR SHANNON : We obiect to that. that was secured by this petition, it says ( reading ) . THE COURT : She may answer that THE COURT : You understand that to mean, that A. It was the practice of the teachers , acting under through the exertions of Miss Goggin acting under the the instructions of the principals, to assume the attend- Teachers' Federation, this money was got into through ance of children on holidays, and that referred to the the efforts of the Chicago Federation. There is no need week which school was dismissed. of any testimony on that. O. As to the fact of marking your reports, whether MR. SMITH: That is all then on that. they did make reports? MR. HERRICK : We stipulated that as a matter of (To which question the defendants, by their counsel, fact. then and there duly excepted. ) MR. SMITH : O. What familiarity, if any, have you A. They made reports at the end of the school month, with the services of teachers in the city schools in the and that report showed- city of Chicago, and the value of such services ? MR. SHANNON : I obiect to what the report showed. (To which question the defendants, by their counsel, A. (continuing)_the attendance. then and there duly excepted.) THE COURT . The report is the best evidence. THE COURT : How is that competent? MR . SHANNON : Simoly that they made reports. As MR. SMITH: It is to prepare ourselves against the to what was included in the reports, I obiect. contention of the defendants in this case, that these teach- THE COURT : The reports speak for themselves. You ers are entitled to only so much as their services may can get one of those reports. reasonably be worth. MR. SMITH : Yes. THE COURT : Well, is there any issue raised as to MR. HERRICK : We will get you anything you ask that at all ? for. MR. HERRICK: The issue is-This bill alleged that MR. DARROW : We asked for it, and he says it will they are entitled to salary under the schedule of March be here at 2 o'clock. oth ; we say they are entitled to another salary; that is the MR. SMITH: I do not think we will need this after issue. we get Mr. Larson's report. This is a report in the suner- THE COURT : In other words, they are entitled to one intendent's office, not from the City Board of Education, of two salaries. but we sent to the city, and I presume we will get better MR. SMITH : We say that these teachers were em- evidence from them. CHICAGA TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 3 MR. SHANNON : The other is not like this . made up the report in accordance with instructions. Let MR. DARROW : A. No, it is a little more detailed. that stand, but what the contents of the report were, the This one shows it by months, the other one shows it by objection is well taken to. weeks. THE WITNESS : I would like to have the privilege MR. HERRICK : What do you mean by the city one ? of saying that I didn't make up any report at the end of MR. DARROW : I mean the Board of Education here the school term in September, 1900, because I was only in the city, rather than the county; this comes from the one week in school. county superintendent of schools. MR. SHANNON : Q. Do you know this from hear- MR. HERRICK : Let me understand so that there say? won't be any confusion in getting what you want. A. No ; I know that instructions were given to us at MR. DARROW : Yes . the beginning of the school year were to begin on the first MR. HERRICK : What Mr. Smith asked about was page of the diary instead of the second. the report that the teachers are accustomed to make. Q. But in regard to making up reports according to MR. DARROW : Yes . hearsay instructions, you must know that only from hearsay. MR. HERRICK : Now, I understand Mr. Larson will A. I said that in '99 we had a week cut off too. bring one of those reports in at 2 o'clock. MR. SMITH : Q. Was there any school during the MR. DARROW : At 2 o'clock. first week of September, 1899 ? MR. HERRICK : Now, is this some other matter ? A. No school taught during the first week in Septem- MR. DARROW : No, that is the same matter but we ber. The first school week in September, 1899, was not thought on consultation that Mr. Larson's report is better. taught. MR. HERRICK : So that there won't be any misun- MR. HERRICK : School week; it depends upon what derstanding. you mean by school week. MR. SMITH : If the teachers received any instructions A. We didn't begin the day after Labor day; that is from the school board, or any officer thereof with refer- the day when school begins; but began the following Mon- ence to making any reports concerning the week in which day after Labor day. no school was held in the year 1899, and the year 1900, MR. HERRICK : There will be no difference, I take state what instructions they received. it, when the record is in. The proceedings show that in MR. SHANNON : I object to the offer. that year, by resolution, they directed that the school begin THE COURT : Q. First, were they in writing ? a week later than it had begun the year before; the record A. They were not in writing. The teachers received itself shows . their instructions- THE COURT : The only difference between the record MR. SHANNON : Just a moment, Miss Haley; I object and her statement is, that the teachers reported as though to the form of the question, also from the way it started school were held during the week when it was not held. out. Whom were they instructed by, if they were in- MR . HERRICK : That is the only thing. structed? MR. DARROW : That is for the benefit of the janitors, MR. SMITH : I said from the school board, or any I suppose, wasn't it ? That is admitted. Doesn't that officer thereof; she probably will clear that up. specifically cover the fact that the teachers were not paid THE COURT : Q. Whom first did you receive in- for that week. structions from ? MR. HERRICK : We will prove the fact about that. A. The teachers first received instructions from the MR. SMITH : And that the other school employes principal. were? Q. The principal of each school. MR. HERRICK : I don't know anything about that; A. The principal of each school. you may inquire. THE COURT : Now, do you expect to show that the MR. SHANNON : Some were paid in the summer principal did it pursuant to instructions . months, too. MR. SMITH : Yes, your honor. MR. DARROW : Will you furnish the number of the THE COURT : She may go on. men? MR. SMITH : Q. Now, state what instruction, if any, MR. HERRICK : We will furnish you the facts as to the teachers received ? how they were paid. MR. HERRICK : Were you a teacher at that time ? MR. DARROW : Both as to teachers and A. I was a teacher in 1899, and taught one week in MR. HERRICK : Janitors. September, 1900. THE COURT : He says the janitors were paid the MR. SHANNON : Q. But you were not a principal ? year around. A. No. MR. HERRICK : The resolutions themselves make a MR. HERRICK : Were you a grade teacher during distinction. that time? MR. SHANNAN : They have to take care of their A. I was a grade teacher. buildings all the time. THE COURT : She can state what instructions she MR. SMITH : The principals and superintendents and received. assistant superintendents ? Q. You may state what instructions you received from MR. HERRICK : They are paid yearly. If you will your principal ? indicate what you want us to inquire about, we will do it. A. As to what? MR. SMITH : As to whether the teachers were paid for MR. SMITH : Q. As to the week, as to what should this week, and I think that is in the statement, as to be put in the schedules concerning the week in which no whether the superintendents, assistant superintendents and school was kept ? engineers and firemen- MR. SHANNON : I want to make another objection, THE COURT : Is there a distinction between a jani- that that is immaterial . tor and engineer, or are they separate ? THE COURT : It may be and may not. At the present A. No ; they are separate in most of the schools ; a few time I cannot tell. She may answer. schools they are the same. A. The teachers were instructed at a teachers' meeting MR. HERRICK : What you want to know is how they to assume attendance- were paid ? MR. HERRICK : Q. A teachers' meeting of your MR. SMITH: Yes, whether they were paid by the school? year, or for the full time. A. Of our school, instructed by the principal, and I A recess was taken until 2 o'clock. made my reports out in accord with those instructions. We were instructed to report the first week in September (Continued on page 5.) as taught, and report all the children who were present on the second week, or who entered and were present, as present on the first week, and at the end of the month when we made up our monthly reports, we counted four VACATION TOUR weeks in that month, 20 days. MR. HERRICK : We object to that. In Europe, England, Belgium, The Rhine, Switzerland, THE COURT : The last part may be stricken out. Italy,Paris. MR. HERRICK : And also her statement that they Time, 65 days: cost, $478. Experienced Guide. made up the monthly report in accordance with instruc- tions. That statement went through . Miss Lenna G. Atwood. 1719 Belmont Ave., Chioage, THE COURT : No, I will let that stand, that they 4 CHICAGA TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION MOTHER . BULLETIN Nobody knows of the work it makes Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, To keep the home together ; Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, Nobody knows of the steps it takes, December 23, 1901. Nobody knows—but mother. THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of Nobody listens to childish woes April and December, by the Chicago Teachers' Federation. Which kisses only smother ; THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single copies, Five Cents. ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received Nobody's pained by naughty blows, byTuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. Nobody-only mother. ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to the order of the Federation Bulletin. THE EDITOR , Nobody knows of the sleepless care 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO . Bestowed on baby brother ; Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5p. m. Phone Central 3904. Nobody knows of the tender prayer, Nobody-only mother. IN MEMORIAM. Nobody knows of the lessons taught In the death of Miss Frances Markman the public Of loving one another ; schools of Chicago have lost a teacher of the type which Nobody knows of the patience sought, they can least afford to spare. Miss Markman had a high Nobody-only mother. ideal of her profession and of her responsibility to it. She had ambition to make the most of her capacities for the advance- ment of the art of teaching and for the good of all the Nobody knows of the anxious fears minds and souls under her care. She really gave her life Lest darlings may not weather for this ambition. The storm of life in after years, Far from content merely to retain her position and hold Nobody knows-but mother. her own at the required standard, her whole time and strength, slender at best, were given to every means of -Chicago Examiner. development open to her, personal and pedagogical. ANNOUNCEMENTS . The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teach- ers' Federation will meet Monday, March 14, at 4 p. m. , in Room 437, Unity Bldg. JOSEPHINE NICHOLS, Cor. Secretary, 341 8. Forty-third Ave. Frances Markman The Chicago Teachers' Club will give a luncheon on Saturday, March 12, at the Chicago Business Miss Markman graduated from the Chicago Normal Women's club. Plates may be obtained by ad- School while Francis W. Parker was in charge there. Her school room gave fruitful testimony to her training. Even dressing the president. Price 35 cents. Admis- when most fatigued her voice never lost its even sweet- sion to non-members, 15 cents. ness . She devoted much time and strength to studies in litera- The program will consist of an address by Mr. ture and art for love of the subjects and enrichment of Wm. L. Tomlins, a piano solo by Miss Esther Col- her own life. Indirectly her pupils surely reaped the lins and a vocal solo by Miss Mary R. James. benefit of the deepened experience and consciousness these pursuits brought her. Mary E. Reynolds, Pres. It is hard to acquiesce in the loss (to speak imperson- 401 W. 64th st. ally) of qualities and attainments so much needed just where they were and really so rare. The very choicest of E. A. Hayward, Cor. Sec. personal endowment and the most advanced pedagogical preparation ought to be assigned to schools of poor dis- tricts. Nowhere are they more needed. Let us at least MR, GRIGGS' LECTURES . hope that Miss Markman's example as a teacher may com- tinue, even in memory, to be an inspiration, and in some The next lecture will be on March 19, at Steinway measure to continue her work through inciting others to the like. Hall, Jackson and Wabash avenue, and the subject is "Tolstoy." Many a man is looking for work who doesn't want it. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION. If you would have lasting fame don't give the The regular meeting of the Chicago Teachers' world a chance to forget you. Federation will be held in Fullerton Hall, Art In- Many a man is unhappy only because he believes stitute, March 12, 10:30 a. m. himself so. Never judge the weather by the predictions of a Special order of business, election of officers for prophet. ensuing year. Polls open from 10 a. m. to 1:30 p. m. CHICAGA TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 5 (Continued from page 3.) Q. Do you pay them high school salaries ? EDWIN G. COOLEY, A. They spend part of their time doing that work, part of the time doing teaching, and they are paid high school called on behalf of complainants, testifies as follows : salaries. MR. DARROW : Mr. Cooley, you are the superintend- Q. Have you got any library people now ? QAQA ent of the schools of Chicago, are you not ? A. Yes, sir. A. Yes, sir. How many ? Q. Public schools ? Two. A. Yes, sir. Where are they ? Q. And have been for how long ? A. Normal school. A. This is my fourth year. Q. Was that where these people did library work ? Q. You are doing pretty well. That don't go in the A. No, sir. record. I want to call your attention specifically to a Q. Where did they do library work ? question of 28 high school teachers who were not kept A. In the high schools. in their regular positions in the fall of 1901, you recollect Q. Have you any there now ? the matter, don't you, and some change which was made A. No, sir. in the fall of 1901? Q. So you created the position for them ? MR. SHANNON : I object. A. No, but we employed these people temporarily. MR. DARROW : I will ask you to state the facts. Q. What do you mean by library work ? MR. SHANNON : Now, I object. This bill is filed A. Cataloging books. by Catharine Goggin, as one of the grade teachers, and Q. Cataloging books of the high school ? it concerns only grade teachers. These are high school A. Yes, sir. teachers, and it is wholly immaterial in the first place what Q. How many books were there there ? was done in the year 1901. I believe this was, wasn't it, MR. SHANNON : I object to that. Mr. Cooley ? THE COURT : He has a right to show. MR. DARROW : No different rule as between high A. I couldn't tell you that; some of them have several school teachers and grade teachers. I introduced this thousand books ; some of them don't have as many. upon the same proposition that they introduced these MR. DARROW : Q. Some of them don't have as resignations in the middle of the year. many hundred ? THE COURT : He may answer. A. I couldn't tell you, Mr. Darrow. MR. DARROW : The high school teachers are in- Q. You have no person in that position now, and you terested, too. didn't have any since ? A. What is the question. A. I don't know what they did before. MR. DARROW : I ask you to state what was done at Q. You know that these men were put there because that time, in the first place, what was it, and why was it they were on your hands and to have them do something that they were not left in the positions to which they for the salary they were drawing, don't you ? were elected ? A. That is certainly true, but it is now true, Mr. Dar- THE COURT : Under the civil service act, they call row, that the teachers-that we regarded that work as a that separated. Why were they separated in the fall- regular work connected with high school work, although some time, I think in September ? we don't employ anyone doing that sort of work all the A. When I took charge of the high schools especially- time. there was a high school superintendent previous to that Q. They do it in connection with other work ? time-I discovered we had quite a number of very small classes, much below the number established by the Board, A. With other work, that is the only point. the legal number necessary to authorize the opening of a Q. Do you know about this teacher by hearsay or class. I reported the fact to the Board and recommended otherwise, Miss Kane. I don't care to mention- A. I heard the name mentioned, but I never saw the that those classes be discontinued, that the teachers who lady and I don't know anything about the circumstance. were employed in teaching those classes be used as far Q. Do you know the cause of her dismissal ? as possible for substitute work and various other work, A. No, sir. but that they be continued until the end of the year, ac- Q. I mean, as a matter you heard around. That is cording to the understanding that everybody had of their before you were chairman ? rights in the case. They were employed in some cases at special work, preparing for libraries for a time, and as A. Yes, before I was superintendent. the year went on, vacancies occurred, they were nearly all MR. DARROW : Do you object to his stating what employed at regular school work. In one or two cases, the cause was. You may strike it out if you find it differ- however, they were employed in the grades, teaching in ent. There isn't any question about the cause, if you find the grades. They were paid their full salaries for that it different, you can strike it all out. MR. HERRICK : We object. year . MR . DARROW : That is all. There is no more doubt Q. The grade salary was less than the high school about it than the sunshine. salary, of course ? MR. HERRICK : We found in some cases that you A. Yes, sir. have been misinformed. Q. And they were paid the high school salary where MR. DARROW : Where did you find I was misin- they were teaching in the grade ? formed? A. Yes, sir. MR. HERRICK : You were misinformed about some THE COURT : Doing library work ? teachers' salaries you wanted us to go off and inquire A. Yes, sir. about. MR. DARROW : Where they were doing library work, MR. SHANNON : You were misinformed about the they were paid for high school salary ? principals and superintendents. A. Yes, sir; there was very little of that. MR. DARROW : I proved it just exactly. Q. Where they were not doing anything, they were MR. SHANNON : We came back and reported to you paid high school salary, were they not ? that you were entirely misinformed. You said they got A. I don't think there was much of that. We found full salaries. work for them. MR. DARROW : I don't ask you to admit that in the Q. There was some of it, wasn't there ? record at all. A. Yes, sir. MR. HERRICK : You stated that you understood that Q. You were merely trying to get something for your as a fact. money, in any odd job you could put them into ? MR . DARROW : I did. MR. HERRICK : I object to that. MR. HERRICK : I understood you had been misin- MR. DARROW : And putting them into library work, formed before, and might be this time. you were trying to get them something to do? THE COURT : He may answer. MR. DARROW : This principal told you what the MR. DARROW : The fact was, in putting them in story was around there, and I said to you, if you find it is charge of libraries, or school halls, or- different, you can strike it out. What can be any fairer A. That was regular school work, Mr. Darrow. than that? I have admitted evidence for you in the same Q. Do you hire library men now? way. If you find it different, I will strike it out. A.. We hire teachers who spend time doing that sort MR. HERRICK : I understand from Mr. Shannon he ofwork. is not informed. 6 CHICAGA TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . MR. DARROW : Mr. Cooley told Mr. Shanonn and me A. No, sir ; I don't know. The superintendent of schools together what the facts were in that case. is the one- MR. SHANNON : He said he knew absolutely noth- Q. But you know that teachers have been discharged ing about it. for cause, do you not, after charges preferred, and on MR. DARROW : He said he had no personal in- trial ? formation about it. Of course, it is not legal evidence. A. No, I couldn't answer definitely on that. I am not positive. CROSS EΧΑΜΙΝΑΤΙΟΝ, Q. Well, you have a Board for that purpose ? By Mr. Shannon, A. What is that ? Q. Were those 28 teachers in the high school retained, Q. Have you a Board for that purpose a trial board ? or recommended by you, because there was any legal obli- A. The Committee on School Management is the trial gation to do so ? board, so far as the teachers are concerned. MR. DARROW : To that I object, legal obligation Q. For hearing charges against teachers ? is perhaps a question which he cannot state or I cannot A. Against teachers, yes, sir. state. What we are after is a question of fact. Q. For the purpose of passing upon whether they THE COURT : What he did. should be discharged for cause? MR. DARROW : What he did, that is all we are A. Yes, sir. after. THE COURT : How long have you been Secretary of the Board? MR. SHANNON : What he did, that is all we are A. Three years the 19th of December. after. MR. SHANNON : Was the question of retaining these THE COURT : During those three years, no teacher teachers in the employ of the Board discussed in the com- has ever been discharged in the middle of the year ? mittee? A. Not so far as I can recollect. MR. DARROW : Without cause ? MR. DARROW : To that we object, discussed in the A. Yes , sir . committee, is not competent evidence. MR. GREENACRE : Your Honor means for that MR. SHANNON : By the committee. MR. DARROW : To that we object. school year? THE COURT to Mr. Shannon : You objected to that THE COURT : In the middle of the school year, unless yesterday and I sustained the objection. on charges preferred. MR. HERRICK : What the reasons were. MR. DARROW : Do you know how often the Board is in session ? THE COURT : He said why he removed them as high A. Every two weeks. school teachers, but why he retained them. MR. SHANNON : Will you state what the reasons Q. It has a meeting every two weeks ? were for retaining them ? A. Yes, sir; the Board of Education. Q. I don't mean that Board-I mean the trial Board ? MR. COOLEY : I can state my reasons for recom- mending them, and I can state the positions taken by the A. As often as every two weeks, sometimes as often committee. Is that what you want ? as every week ; the meetings are called subject to the order of the chairman. MR. DARROW : That we object to. A. What do you want ? Q. Sometimes every two weeks, and as often as every THE COURT : Give them. week? MR. COOLEY : My own reason was, I thought it was A. Yes, always every two weeks. fair and right to keep these people on the pay roll. Q. That is all. MR. SHANNON : Is that the reason the committee THE COURT : Is the evidence finally concluded now, had? gentlemen? MR. DARROW : To that we object. MR. DARROW: I guess it is, your Honor. THE COURT : You had a very long argument on that yesterday, and you prevailed. MR. SHANNON : If the court please, Mr. Darrow wanted the facts established, that there was a certain IF I CAN SUCCEED teacher by the name of Lauretta Kane who had charges preferred against her and was dismissed under them. in making clear to you what is meant by LOANS BY MR. DARROW : I think you better strike the name CORRESPONDENCE you will never borrow on any out of the record. It isn't necessary. other plan. Address E. B., Federation Bulletin, 437 Unity Bldg. THE COURT : One teacher. MR. SHANNON : I prefer to have "Lauretta Kane, " By permission I give this paper as my reference. the name of the teacher. MR. DARROW : All right . MR. SHANNON : Just exactly so- MR. DARROW : I don't know who it is- THE COURT : Because she was discharged, you want that fact put into the record ? LOANS TO TEACHERS MR. DARROW : Yes, that is all. By a Teacher THE COURT : Let it go in then. MR. DARROW : She was discharged in the midst of AT LIVE AND LET LIVE LOW RATES the school year. "Wherewithal" and no tattling. L. A. care PEDERATION BULLETIN , 437 UNITY BUILDING LEWIS E. LARSON, Recalled by the complainant, examined in chief by Mr. Darrow, and testified as follows : Q. You testified the other day, and you are the Secre- tary of the Board of Education ? Only the deaf and dumb A. Yes sir. Q. I will ask you what is the custom of the Board of fail to appreciate the Education as to dismissing any teacher without cause in the school year ? A. I am unable to answer directly to that, for this TELEPHONE reason ; that charges against any employe, or any teacher, are considered in executive session . now- a-days . THE COURT : Have you known of a case since you have been Secretary of the Board, in which a teacher has Business & 5 Cents and per day been discharged without cause preferred ? Residence up . A. No, sir; I have not. MR. DARROW : In the midst of the year ? CHICAGO TELEPHONE CO . A. No, sir. Q. Do you know about how many there have been dis- 203 Washington Street. charged after charges have been preferred ? CHICAGA TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 7 FEDERAL The First TRUST & SAVINGS National $2,000,000 CAPITAL BANK SURPLUS $500,000 A Banking, Savings and Trust Company Bank business transacted. We invite interviews or correspondence from individuals, firms or corporations contemplating making changes or opening is now new accounts . OFFICERS. DIRECTORS. located in its Thomas P. Phillips, R. H. Gary, Chairman, President. Charles Deering, NathanG. Moore, W. J. Chalmers. new office , Vice President and Alfred H. Mulliken. Counsel. C. B. Shedd. Charles S. Castle, A. E. Musbaum. Cashier. T. P. Phillips . F. J. Scheidenhelm, Norman B. Ream. NathanG. Moore. 119 Asst. Cashier. Edwin L. Wagner, Asst. Cashier. Irving J. Shuart, E. J. Buffington. D. W. Burrows W. E. Phillips . Secretary. J. N. Vance. Monroe St. N. E. Cor. La Salle and Adams Streets. The Elementary Democracy School Teacher and Social Ethics Edited by The University of Chicago By JANE ADDAMS School of Education, JOHN DEWEY, Director, MBS. ELLA F. YOUNG, Man- Head of " Hull House," Chi- aging Editor. Published monthly, cago; joint author of "Philan- except in July and August. Subscrip thropy and Social Progress." tion price, $1.50 a year, single copies, 20 cents. Foreign postage, 50 centa MissAddams' Settlement Work is known to all who are interested in social amelioration and municipal conditions. As the title of her book Amonthly periodical for teachers, prin- shows, it will be occupied with the reciprocal cipals and superintendents. Each number relations of ethical progress and the growth of contains practical plans for teaching in democratic thought, sentiment and institutiona every grade from the kindergarten through the eight grades and the pedagogic schools. 1.25 NET. 8 CHICAGA TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. NOW IS THE TIME To Secure the New 1903 Edition of Ridpath's History of the United States less than ever sold before-sets sent on approval-an easy way to 50% get this matchless set of books-a necessity in every American home The name of Dr. Ridpath, our greatest historian, is known from Main to California, and this sweeping reduction places for the first time within the reach of every intelligent American the graphic story of the heroic deeds of our forefathers as only he can tell it. UNIVERSALLY COMMENDED - FASCINATING AS A ROMANCE. 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THE NEW 1903 IMPERIAL EDITION Revised and enlarged into Five Superb Royal Octavo Volumes - Lavishly Illustrated-contains our country's history from earliest times to date, and has been enriched by hundreds of new Maps, Race Charts, Chronological-Charts and text illustrations, together with over 100 full-page photogravures and half-tone Etchings of Famous Historical Paintings by Trumbull, Chapman and other great artists, making it the most valuable collection of historical illustrations ever embodied in any work. D. A. McKINLAY & CO., New York EVERENOS THE ARE YOU AWARE THAT NORTH AMERICAN The REVIEW JOHN CHURCH CO. THE most notable literary eventofthe 260 WABASH AVE. THE year 1904 will be the serial public cation in THE NORTH AMERICAN Alloto REVIEW of a new novel "The Son of Royal Langbrith," by William Dean Special Discounts Howells,beginningintheJanuarynumber to School Teachers? 50 centsa copy; $5.00 ayear WriteDept. "S" forCatalogues, Prices, Terms, Eto. The North American Review, HARVARDOS FRANKLIN SQUARE, N. Y. Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin 100 Vol. 3. CHICAGO, MARCH 18, 1904. No. 16. QUESTIONS INVOLVED IN THE TEACHERS ' placed in his hand, his testimony, together with the letter, CASE . is also printed in this issue. In the proceedings of the City Council the report of the Nature of Contract Between the Board of Education meeting at which both the appropriation and the levying and the Teachers . ordinance was passed shows that the appropriation for edu- cational purposes in 1900 was $7,125,000. An asterisk is Margaret A. Haley. placed after this figure, $7,125,000, and a foot note at the The explanation attempted here is the substance of a bottom of the page states that a sufficient sum of this report made to the Federation at its meeting March 12, money shall be used to restore the salaries of the experi- and ordered printed in the Bulletin. enced teachers for 1900. The entire $7,125,000 appropri- As has been stated before, the teachers' tax litigation ated and levied by the Council was not collected in 1900, as caused $598,000 of back taxes for 1900 to be paid to the it exceeded the 22 per cent limit on the assessed valua- treasurer of Cook county in July, 1902, by five public util- tion of property allowed by law for educational purposes. ity corporations. Of this amount, $249,000 belonged to The teachers by their tax suit made up this shortage. the school fund. On July 9, 1902, the city treasurer re- The attorneys for the teachers make this the basis of ceived the city's share including that of the schools, and their claim that the council specifically appropriated this the Finance Committee of the Board of Education met.in money to pay this debt. The Board of Education denies *special meeting and recommended that this $249,000 be the right of the city council to dictate how it, the board, spent to pay coal bills, cleaning school houses and for shall spend any portion of the money appropriated for other purposes of the year 1902. educational purposes. The relations of the council to the At the regular meeting of the City Council held that board in the matter of these appropriations will be one of week announcement was made that funds from an unex- the questions to be determined by the court. pected source, the source not being named, enabled the Teachers' Contract. Council to restore to the firemen the month's salary lost in 1900 in consequence of taking an enforced vacation Now to the second question, that of determining whether of one month without pay. a debt to the teachers really exists. It was at this point that Miss Goggin, not as a teacher Miss Goggin's right to the permanent injunction sought having claims to this fund, but as a tax payer, asked the in this hearing rests on the claim that there exists a debt courts to interfere and prevent the Board from using this for 1900 still unpaid by the board and on her showing on 1900 tax money for purposes of 1902. She filed a petition that point Judge Tuley granted the temporary injunction in for an injunction, alleging that the Board owed debts for July, 1902. To establish the fact that this debt still exists 1900 for which debts this money had been specifically ap- is the crucial point in the suit. The determining factor in propriated by the Council in 1900, and that the Board of that question is the matter of contract. If there were no Education was bound under the law to use this money for contract at all between the board and the teachers, then these debts. under the law the teachers could ask and the board would The debts referred to were those alleged to be due to the be obliged to pay them only a "reasonable value" for their "experienced" teachers, whose salaries had been cut in services . January, 1900, and to all the teachers for the loss of sal- The teachers' attorneys sought to introduce testimony as ary for the week school was closed in September of that to what constitutes reasonable salary for the services of a year. teacher in Chicago, in order to be fortified should the Crucial Questions. board's attorney's take the position that no contract ex- isted between the board and the teachers . The court ruled It will be easily understood now that the vital questions such testimony out as irrelevent inasmuch as the board in the case are: first, Does the oBard of Education owe admitted the existence of a contract. The teachers' attor- the teachers a debt for the year 1900 ? Second, Did the neys had from the first claimed a contract based on the Council appropriate this money for the purpose of paying provisions of the '98 schedule. that debt ? To determine the first question the whole As to the terms of the contract the widest difference matter of contract between the Board of Education and exists between the position of the board's attorneys and the teachers had to be gone into. To settle the second, that of the teachers' counsel. the purpose and intent of the Council in making the appro- The former argued that the teachers accept their election priation for educational purposes in the year 1900 had to be in June with the knowledge that the board's rules provide determined, and the powers of the Council in the matter for fixing salaries at the beginning or soon after the begin- defined. ning of the fiscal year, in January. "Fixing salaries" they Miss Goggin's petition for injunction, also Miss Rowe's construe to mean that the board can fix any salary it sees cross-bill, alleges that the finance committee of the City fit -that is, the teachers hire in June with the knowledge Council, in its report to the Council in 1900, specifically that from September to January they will receive the same provided for the payment of this debt to the teachers ; monthly salary paid the six months preceding their election, that the president of the Board of Education appeared be- but that after January I the board has the right to fix any fore the Finance Committee of the Council and assured salary it sees fit. the committee that the amount asked for by the Board in At this point it is to be remembered that attorneys for its estimate included a sufficient sum to restore the cut. the board do not claim that the board is bound to fix a The president of the Board formally denied this allegation, " reasonable salary," hence the exclusion of testimony on his affidavit being printed elsewhere in this issue. A letter thispoint. of the mayor's, written in March, 1900, and containing a The attorneys for the teachers held that if the board reference to this matter, was ruled out by the judge as could fix any salary it saw fit in January or soon after, it secondary evidence and not admissible, but as the teachers' could fix $15 a month or any other sum. In 1900 it attorney called the mayor to the stand and this letter was will be remembered the board "fixed salaries" in February, 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. reducing the experienced teachers $7.50 a month, and Dismissing Without Cause . making the cut retroactive-that is, the salary paid in the The board's position, based on its rules, is that it can month of February was $ 15 less than that paid in January. In other words, after paying the January salary the board, dismiss any teacher at any time with or without cause. by its action, went back and took away $7.50 of the money The teachers' attorneys claim that the civil service clause already paid for January. If this could be done legally in of the pension law, which provides for a trial on charges February, the teachers' attorneys argued it could be done before dismissal nullifies these rules and the superintend- in March or in April, and by this retroactive process the ent's testimony, printed last week, was presented by the teachers could be forced not only to work for nothing for teachers' attorneys to refute this contention of the board. the last two or three months of the school year but by fix- ing the salaries, sav at $ 15 a month in February or March, Closing School One Week. the teachers might work for nothing for several months Before the stipulation of facts agreed upon by both and still be actually in debt to the board at the end of the sides was signed, which was not until the afternoon of the year. day the case opened ( February 24) , the attorneys for the Teachers Protest . board asked the teachers' attorneys to admit that the school This kind of a contract is what is called in law a uni- term was shortened instead of saying school was closed for lateral or one-sided contract . The board's attorneys aс- a week in 1900. By thus admitting it in the signed stipu- . knowledged it to be a unilateral contract, but argued that lation no evidence or argument on the question would be as the teachers had accepted payment under it without pro- allowable. The teachers ' attorneys refused to admit this in test they had forfeited any right under the law to complain. the stipulation and presented evidence tending to show that This introduced a controversy as to whether or not protest the board's records showed a full term taught in that year. had been made by the teachers. The protest made to the The county superintendent of schools was supœnaed and board through the Teachers' Federation was in evidence the report made by the board to that officer showed a full and the first part of the testimony by the writer, quoted last term of ten months taught that year. week, was to show that the teachers who had filed claims The daily and monthly records kept by the teachers, the were members of the Federation and acted through that diary and register, were produced for the same purpose, organization. and the latter part of the writer's testimony was for the In his closing argument Mr. Darrow declared that if the same purpose. board could fix the salaries at any sum after January and The boad's attorneys called the secretary of the Board of the teachers , being elected for a year, are, as the board's Education to the witness stand and on his testimony ( given attorneys claim, bound to serve, the board could fix the sal- in last issue) that the records were kept to show forty aries at $ 15 a month and if the teachers should refuse to weeks or 200 days taught, simply for convenience in esti- teach for that sum and should leave, and the board had to mating and recording yearly results, the court held the go to Indiana or elsewhere for teachers and had to pay $75 whole evidence on the subject irrelevent. a month for them the teachers who left would be liable to The teachers ' attorneys claim the week's salary for the teachers on the ground that the records of the board show the board for the difference between $75 and $ 15 for every that the teachers were hired in 1900 for a certain yearly month these outside teachers had to be paid this sum, and salary and it is immaterial whether the board kept school the board could sue these teachers and collect the same There are numerous cases where teachers who had left open forty weeks or thirty-nine, that this yearly salary is due, there being nothing to show that the teachers were during the school year had been held liable by the courts hired for thirty-nine-fortieths or any other portion of this and had to pay the difference. stipulated salary. '98 Schedule Abolished . The attorneys for the teachers declare the board bound Postponements - Arbitration Proposed. by the '98 schedule from the time of its adoption in March, When Judge Tuley granted the temporary staying order 1898, till abolished by act of the board in February, 1902. in July, 1902, October 8 was fixed for hearing, but on the The resolution of the board abolishing it is quoted in sup- request of the attorneys of the Board in October a post- port of this contention. The resolution is as follows : ponement was taken till November 12. Thirteen succes- " The Board of Education has not been able at any time sive postponements for the same reason were secured be- during the past two years to pay salaries in accordance tween October 8, 1902, and June, 1903. with this later schedule [ referring to the '98 schedule] and In November, 1902, a petition signed by Rev. Wm. M. has not this year sufficient funds to meet its demands. Lawrence and many other prominent citizens was pre- sented to the Board of Education, the Mayor, and also Your committee does not see any prospect of the Board of Education being able to pay in the near future the salaries to the teachers through the Federation, asking that the named in the advanced schedule [ again referring to the '98 matter in litigation be submitted to Judge Tuley for schedule] . arbitration under the Tuley Act, which provides for sub- "Your committee believes that the existence of this mitting to a judge orally and without appeal, questions in schedule suspended from time to time leads to dissatisfac- dispute. The teachers, through the Federation, declared tion and discontent among the teachers who are entitled to themselves willing to do this but the Board refused. more remuneration under it and that the best interests of In June, 1903, after the matter had been again post- the schools would be served by its repeal until such time poned till fall, Miss Goggin, as tax payer in this case, and as the finances of the Board of Education will permit the at the request of the Teachers' Federation, appealed to the Mayor. Following is her letter : advancement of salaries in accordance with its provisions. Your committee therefore recommends that this schedule MISS GOGGIN'S LETTER TO MAYOR . be repealed." The board's attorneys deny the claim of the teachers to Chicago, June 10, 1903. their salary for the week school was closed in September, To the Honorable Carter H. Harrison, 1900. Mayor of the City of Chicago. The '98 Schedule . Dear Sir:-As one of the parties to the suit in Court, The '98 schedule adopted March 9, 1898, simply added popularly known as the " teachers' salary suit," I desire an eighth, ninth and tenth year of service to the previously to call your attention to some features of the matter in existing schedule, making $ 1,000 the maximum to be question, which may or may not be known to you. reached in the tenth year of service where $825 had been In the first place, the work for more equitable taxation the maximum fixed for the seventh year and beyond. This begun by the Chicago Teachers' Federation in January, increase of $ 175 was to be paid in three installments , $75 1900, was undertaken in good faith and absolute reliance in $ 1898, which was given, $50 in 1899, which was with- on the statements that nothing but lack of revenue had held, and a third installment of $50 to be paid in 1900. prevented the Board of Education from putting in force Instead of paying this second $50 and the $50 withheld in the schedule of salaries adopted in March, 1898, and par- 1899, the Board, in February, 1900, took away the $75 tially enforced that year. given in 1898, "returned temporarily to the old schedule" It is a matter of public knowledge that the additional is the language of the resolution adopted by the Board revenue secured by the work of the Federation has greatly at the time of taking this action. benefited every department of the city and has resulted The attorneys for the Board take the position that the in better conditions for every employe, except that class schedule of '98 had no binding force. after the year 1898, through whose efforts this additional revenue has been that the Board did not intend nor pretend that it should secured. have, Every other obligation of the Board of Education for the CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 3 year 1900, except the sums due the teachers, was met and The attorneys for the teachers filed their briefs and ar- it was only fair to suppose that the additional revenue paid guments this week. (Wednesday) , and, as stated last week, in the City Treasury last July would be devoted to satisfy- the Board's attorneys have ten days in which to file theirs. ing this obligation, and it was only when the Board pro- The teachers' attorneys then have five more days, after ceeded to ignore this debt that legal steps were taken to which the matter will rest with the judge. secure for the teachers that which they believe justly be- The Sunday papers stated that Judge Dunne- expected to longs to them. decide the case within about thirty days. Since the institution of this suit last July twelve post- Many questions vitally affecting the interests of the ponements have been secured by the Board of Education teachers and their relations to the Board of Education and it seems to be its policy to wear out the patience of the are involved in the suit. Some of the questions at issue teachers and discourage the litigation by dilatory measures. have never been passed on by any court in this state, and There is no desire on the part of the teachers to deprive until they have been adjudicated the exact status of the the schools of the use of this money, if it is decided that teachers in their contract relations with the Board are un- they, the teachers, have no legal claim, though a hostile known. press continually seeks to make it appear that the teachers This suit was not brought originally by the teachers, but are arrayed against the Board of Education and not merely by Miss Goggin as a tax payer and is really a tax payer's endeavoring to obtain the payment of a debt long due. suit instituted for the purpose of protecting Miss Gog- Last November, in response to a letter from the Rev. Dr. gin's rights as a tax payer, and those of other tax payers . Lawrence the Federation voted to agree to submit the mat- Miss Goggin claimed that as the Board of Education ter to adjudication under the " Tuley Law. " The Board of owed the teachers this debt for 1900, and as this money Education, did not accede to Dr. Lawrence's request. was taxes for the year 1900, that if the courts did not The recent election emphasizes the confidence which the compel the Board of Education to use this 1900 tax money general public places in Judge Tuley and the few reversals for paying this 1900 debt, then the teachers could, in a which his decisions receive in the Supreme Court testify suit at law, get damages against the city, to pay which that this confidence is merited. the city would have to tax Miss Goggin's property again ; I write, therefore, to ask that you secure the consent of that she was taxed once to pay this debt and there would your Board of Education to a speedy settlement of this be no remedy for her after this act, if permitted, but that litigation under the "Tuley Law" and before Judge Tuley, she and every other taxpayer would have to submit to be- in order that the teachers, if it is found they are entitled to ing taxed a second time if the court did not stop the it, if not, that the Board of Education may enjoy this por- Board of Education from using the money as its Finance tion of the result of the Federation's work. Committee had recommended. Very sincerely yours, Exact Languarge of Teachers' Petition Tax payer in case. CATHARINE GOGGIN . MAYOR HARRISON'S REPLY . These are the exact words of Miss Goggin's : " That during the year 1900 and before April 4 of that year said The Mayor replied by sending Miss Goggin the follow- board made a request of the City Council of the City of ing letter from President Harris : Chicago to include in the annual appropriation bill of said July 7, 1903. City Council for that fiscal year for building purposes and Hon. Carter H. Harrison , for educational purposes and for school indebtedness ap- City Hall, Chicago . propriations in the diverse sums hereinafter mentioned as Dear Sir :-I have yours of June 13th enclosing commu- appropriated, and said Board through its then president nication from Miss Catherine Goggin relative to an action then appeared before the Finance Committee of said City brought by her to compel the Board of Education to dis- Council and represented to said Finance Committee that pose of a certain sum of money realized from the so-called the sums so asked would, if collected, be sufficient to pay Teachers' Federation tax suit in the manner indicated in the said debts then due said teachers and to enable the full suit brought. payment for the year 1900 of said teachers under and in It must not be forgotten that the suit that the teachers accordance with the said salary schedule as amended are now maintaining is for the purpose of requiring the March 9, 1898." Board of Education to use all of the additional sum real- ized by the Federation suit in the payment of salaries. GRAHAM H. HARRIS, Under the law this cannot be done, for that which belongs A witness produced, sworn and examined on behalf of to the building fund must be used in building and that the complainant, testified as follows : which belongs to the educational fund must be used in education. Moreover, I am advised by the chairman of the Direct Examination by Mr. Darrow. then Finance Committee that when this sum was received Q. I propose to make my examination by inquiry very a large increase was given to the teachers in the way of strict here, because he is not my witness. I want specific salaries, as far as the sum would go, but that we had been things. Mr. Harris, you are president of the Board of Ed- restrained from paying it out by the action of the Goggin ucation, and have been for how many years ? A. I was suit. It was proposed some time ago to submit the ques- president for four years and then a year elapsed in which tion to arbitration and take the decision of Judge Tuley I was not president, and I was re-elected in July, 1903. thereon as final. Upon taking the matter up with our at- Q. You were president in 1900, were you not ? torney, Mr. McMahon, and our special counsel in the case, A Yes, sir, I think I was. Herrick, Allen, Boyesen & Martin, we were advised that Q. Have you at any time as president of the Board of the questions were of too great importance to submit to a Education been before the Finance Committee of the City final decision of any judge of an inferior court. The case Council to give any information or influence any question is now pending before Judge Tuley and doubtless will be or make any requests in reference to the appropriation bill ? carried to the court of last resort by either side. A. You have to divide that question. I cannot answer I enclose letter from Herrick, Allen, Boyesen & Martin it in that shape. explaining present status of the case. Q. What is the matter with it ? Yours truly, A. Well, I have appeared before the Finance Committee. GRAHAM H. HARRIS . Q. Yes. More than once ? A. Once, twice, possibly three times. On October 28, 1903 one year from the date first fixed Q. As president of the Board of Education ? for hearing this case the attorneys again appeared in court A. Yes, I had no other business there. and asked for postponement to December 8. The Judge Q. Was it to give any information or make any re- granted the continuance, at the same time making the an- quest with reference to the money to be appropriated by nouncement that the court would allow no further post- the Board of Education ? ponement, and nothing, not even death should interfere A. If the question is put in that shape I would have to with the trial at that time. answer it by saying no. If it were divided I might give a Wednesday morning, December 2, the attorneys for the little more intelligent answer. Board of Education accompanied by the President ap- Q. You don't know how many times you were there ? peared before Judge Tuley and asked him to assign the A. I cannot remember positively, Mr. Darrow. My best case to another judge as their client desired it. Though recollection is that I was there not to exceed three times, not legally bound to grant this request Judge Tuley pre- possibly not to exceed three times. ferred not to hear the case under the circumstances and Q. On your own motion or on the request of the Coun- with the consent of the teachers' attorneys assigned it to cil's Committee ? Judge Dunne. (Continued on page 6. ) 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION all advances of salaries, except the great number of special cases, were suspended in 1899. BULLETIN On February 28, 1900, the Board of Education advanced the salaries of the principals above referred, the advances Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, in some cases reaching hundreds of dollars, and then cut Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, all principals 5 per cent. December 23, 1901. Teachers in the high schools and elementary teachers of less than seven years' experience, were advanced at the same THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the time, but elementary teachers of seven or more years' year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of April andDecember, by the Chicago Teachers' Federation. experience were cut 8 1-3 per cent of their salaries and the THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single cut made to include the month of January. copies, Five Cents. Had the Board accorded the teachers the same treatment ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received by Tuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. given the principals there would have been no objection ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to made, but to be singled out for special legislation of this the order of the Federation Bulletin. sort seems to us an injustice which could not be endorsed THE EDITOR , by the chief executive officer of the city. 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO . The public school teachers are, and have been, always Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. desirous of the best interests of all citizens, including the children, and have no wish to interfere, in any way, with the progress of education, but feel that their work justly entitles them to proper recognition. LETTER OF MAYOR HARRISON. Thanking you for the aid and courtesy shown us in the past and hoping their continuance in the future, I am, March 8th, 1900. Respectfully yours, Mrs. Helen B. Eastman, Corresponding Secretary Chicago Teacher's Federation, HELEN B. EASTMAN, 1482 West Congress St. Corresponding Secretary of the Chicago Teachers' Feder- ation. Dear Madam :-I would be glad to see a committee of the Chicago Teachers ' Federation at my office at any time on any subject other than the salary question. In the present condition of the school board finances, it is abso- MAYOR HARRISON'S LETTER. lutely impossible to do any better than the School Board has done . The decision of Judge Tuley which took over In Mayor's Hands on Witness Stand . $600,000 from the building fund and placed that charge March 22, 1900. against the maintenance fund is largely responsible for the Mrs. Helen B. Eastman, present condition of the school finances. As I understand Corresponding Secretary Chicago Teachers' Federation, it there is but one of two things to be done, either the 1482 Congress St., City. salaries must be left as they are or the schools must be Dear Madam:-Replying to your letter of March 17th, closed for a longer time than has been decided upon. While I am willing to do anything I can to assist the school teach- which was received while every moment of my time was engaged in connection with the Finance Committee : My ers in all their reasonable requests I feel that my first duty, reason for not desiring to take up the subject of the sal- as well as the teacher's first duty is to the children that aries of the school teachers is simply that I have not the attend the schools and if it be a question of leaving the time to make a personal investigation of the conditions of salaries at the present rate or depriving the school children the school finances to learn whether they would warrant any of Chicago of instruction I would be forced to take the change in the rate of pay. Two years ago, at the urgent side of the school children. In any event I do not see how solicitation of your body, I used my influence with a large it would be possible to change the decision reached by the number of the school board members to secure a raise of Board of Education. This matter has been gone over by salary for the grade teachers. At that time the more con- them carefully and at great length and the result repre- servative members of the board told me the school finances sents their mature judgment. This being the case I fear would hardly warrant the raise asked. Other members in an appointment with a committee of the Federation would whom I had great confidence gave me information to the result in little. However, with this understanding of my opposite effect. Results since then have shown the posi- position if they still desire to see me I will be at my office tion taken by the conservative members of the board to every afternoon next week, except YoursMonday truly, and Saturday. have been amply justified, for the raise of salary given at CARTER H. HARRISON . that time has entirely wiped out the surplus working fund of the school board. No one is more willing than I am to accord everyone a fair day's wage for a fair day's work. Personally. I would like to have all the teachers in Chi- cago schools paid ample salaries ; however, in the present FEDERATION'S REPLY TO MAYOR. financial condition of the city we must cut our suits ac- cording to the amount of cloth we have. If the Teachers' Chicago, March 17, 1900. Federation prosecutes its present crusade for a fair and just To the Honorable Carter H. Harrison, assessment of all property within the limits of the city to Mayor of the City of Chicago. a successful finish there will be ample funds at hand to give the school children of Chicago what they are justly Dear Sir : Your letter of March 8th stating that you entiled to and at the same time accord to the teachers fair would be glad to see a committee from the Chicago Teach- and equitable treatment. ers' Federation on any other subject than salaries, has Some weeks ago I noticed in the press that a number of been received and was placed before the Board of Mana- teachers advocated the closing of the schools rather than gers yesterday afternoon. the reduction of any of the teachers' salaries to make both It was because we felt that an injustice to any class of ends meet. It was for that reason I made the statement I citizens would not meet with your approval, that we wished did in my former letter that I felt the demand first to be an interview, but if your position is unalterable we will not heeded was that of the school children of the city. When absorb any of the time which we know is already very Mr. Harris, the President of the School Board, appeared fully occupied. before the Finance Committee a few days ago he stated that From the tenor of your communication, however, we if the amount asked for by the Finance Committee of the judge that you are not entirely conversant with all the facts Board of Education were granted by the City Council it of the case. Permit us briefly to call your attention to some would enable the board to place the school teachers ' salaries points which have possibly escaped your notice. upon the old basis. The Finance Committee granted the When, in March, 1898, the Board of Education adopted a School Board every dollar that it asked and I do not be- new salary schedule, which would, if adhered to, have lieve there is any question but what the same treatment put teachers of experience of ten years or over, on a max- will be accorded it by the City Council. In that event the imum salary of $1,000 in 1900, it followed this action by salary question need receive no further discussion. re-adjusting the salaries of many of the principals. These Sincerely, new schedules were made partially effective in 1898, but (Signed.) CARTER H. HARRISON. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 5 AFFIDAVIT OF GRAHAM H. HARRIS. CARTER H. HARRISON , A witness produced, sworn and examined on behalf of Attached to and Made Part of Board's Answer to the complainants, testied as follows : Miss Goggin's Petition. Direct Examination by Mr. Darrow . Q. Mr. Harrison, you are Mayor of the City of Chi- cago? STATE OF ILLINOIS, COOK COUNTY-ss. A. Yes, sir. Q. And were--what is the date of that letter? GRAHAM H. HARRIS, being first duly sworn upon A. March 22d, 1900. oath, deposes and says that he is the Graham H. Harris Q. And were on March 22d, 1900 ? who, as President of the Board of Education of the City A. Yes, sir. of Chicago and a member thereof, has been made a party Q. And you had been for four or five years at least defendant to the bill of complaint in the above entitled previous to that? cause, and that he has read said bill of complaint, and also A. Since '97, April of '97. the foregoing answer of himself and certain other defend- Q. I gave you a letter which was offered in evidence ants to said bill. and excluded. You have read that letter, haven't you ? A. I just read it, yes, sir. Affiant further says that he has been continuously hitherto Q. I gave you that to refresh your memory about a since the month of July 1897, and that he is now, one of matter which perhaps might not be fresh in your mind. Do the members of said Board of Education, and that contin- you know whether you attended the meetings of the Finance uously during the period from the month of July, 1898, to Committee in reference to the Appropriation Bill in 1900 ? July, 1902, he was the President of said Board of Educa- A. I attended all of the meetings of the Appropriations tion, and that he was the President of said Board of Edu- Committee. cation throughout the entire calendar year, 1900, includ- Q. You attended all of them ? ing the whole of the months of March and April of said A. Yes, sir. year 1900. Q. And the Mayor is a member of the Appropriation Committee? Affiant further says that the allegations in said answer as to the matters and things, therein set forth and alleged A. No, sir, he is not a member of the committee, but to have occurred and taken place since said month of the courtesy is usually extended to him of being present at July, 1897, when, as aforesaid, affiant first became a mem- the conference of the Committee on the Appropriation Bill. ber of said Board of Education, are true of affiant's own Q. Now, Mr. Harris is, of course, president of the knowledge. School Board ? A. Yes, sir . Affiant further says that some time during said month Q. And he was president of the School Board at that of March or said month of April, 1900, and shortly before time? the meeting of the City Council of said City of Chicago, A. I could hardly answer it that way. I think he has held on the 4th day of April, 1900, and referred to in said been present at every meeting of the Finance Committee bill of complaint, affiant appeared before the Finance Com- when the Appropriation Bills have been up, that is, at some mittee of said City ouncil, in connection with the request of the meetings of the Finance Committee, since he has been referred to in said bill of complaint, of said Board of Edu- president, with the exception of this year. cation, to include in the annual appropriation bill of said Q. The first question was, whether he was president of City Council, for the fiscal year, 1900, for school building the School Board? purposes and for educational purposes, and for school in- A. Yes, sir. debtedness, certain appropriations, and that affiant did, on Q. And as president or in any other capacity he was his said appearance before said Finance Committee of said present at some of the meetings of the Finance Committee City Council, urge said Finance Committee to recommend in1900? to said City Council, that it make the appropriation so re- A. I think he was ; I am sure he was . quired by said Board of Education. Q. Do you remember the discussion of the School Ap- propriations, or any part of it, at any of the meetings of the Affiant further says, in so urging said Finance Committee Finance Committee in 1900? to recommend said City Council to make said appropria- (To which question the defendants by their counsel then tions in accordance with said request of said Board of Ed- and there duly objected as incompetent, irrelevant and im- ucation, said affiant stated to said Finance Committee the material.) reasons why such appropriations should be made, and why A. Well, it would be very difficult for me to answer the said Finance Committee should recommend to said City question in the way you put it as to the number he was Council the making of the same. But affiant further says that present at the meetings of this committee. neither on said occasion of affiant's so appearing before the Q. Well, can you by reference to the letter, or in any Finance Committee of said City Council nor at any other other way refresh your memory, and state whether at any time, did affiant state or represent to said Finance Com- of the meetings of the Finance Committee in 1900 when mittee that the appropriations, so requested by said Board the question of the appropriation for the Board of Educa- of Education, would, if collected, be sufficient to pay the tion was before the committee, whether any statement was teachers in said public pul schools the alleged debts or any of made in reference to the amount of money to be used in them which, in and by by said bill of complaint, it is alleged restoring the teachers' salaries for the year 1900 ? were then due to said teachers, for salaries, or that said ap- (To which question the defendants by their counsel duly propriations, ifcollected, would enable the full payment for objected.) the year 1900 of said teachers, under and in accordance THE COURT : He may answer. with the salary schedule, as amended March 9th, 1898, men- A. I recall, I think it was in 1900, that the matter was tioned in said bill of complaint, or make any statement or brought up in the committee. Some of the members in representation to said Finance Committee to such effect. the Finance Committee urged that the teachers' salaries be restored to the old schedule or the schedule advanced, Affiant further says that the allegations, in said bill of something of that kind, and there was considerable discus- sion on the matter. complaint contained, as to what the then President of said Q. Do you recall either from refreshing your memory Board of Education represented to said Finance Commit- tee, on the occasion when, as stated in said bill, affiant or otherwise, what was said by Mr. Harris upon the ques- appeared before said Committee, are each and all of the tion in substance, if you cannot give exactly what was said? same untrue, and that no such representations were ever (To which question the defendants by their counsel then made to said Finance Committee on any occasion by af- and there duly objected. ) fiant, as said President of said Board, and that the state- THE COURT : He may answer. ments, made in the foregoing answer, as to said allegations A. Well, that is a very difficult question to answer on in said bill of complaint, are true. account of the lapse of time, but my recollection is that GRAHAM H. HARRIS . Mr. Harris stated that he at the request of the committee Subscribed and sworn to before me this 9th day of Jan- -that he hoped that by giving the full levy that the School uary, A. D 1903. Board would be able to pay the teachers their full salaries. AUSTIN J. DOYLE, JR. , Q. Yes. Notary Public, Cook County, Illinois. A. Mr. Harris always has taken the position that the 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. City Council has no right to decide upon the manner in (Continued from page 3.) which the funds of the Board were to be used, that it was A. My recollection is that I brought, took over to the outside the duties of the Council to settle the matter as to Committee on Appropriations the budget prepared by the how the funds should be appropriated. We have had that School Board as I was instructed and authorized to do by dispute every year. We had it two days ago again. the action of the Board.. Q. But your remembrance was that in asking for the MR. DARROW : That is all. full levy he said he hoped or thought that the Board of THE COURT : That was in 1900 ? Education would be able to restore the salaries ? A. Yes, sir, 1900. A. From reading this letter I should say that he did, Q. That is the year, 1900. and that he believed that they would be able to do it and A. Yes, sir. that was the reason that I wrote this letter. Cross Examination by Mr. Shannon . Q. And the Finance Committee so believed ? Q. When you say that you were instructed and author- (Question objected to.) ized to take the budget to the Finance Committee, was that THE COURT : He cannot testify to the mental proc- esses of those gentlemen. If anything was said by the conversation-did it include any authority to in any way change, modify or alter the budget as taken? other members of the committee, Mr. Harrison, you may MR. DARROW : I object to that. You better say what state it. was said to him. I withdraw the objection. A. I cannot recall anything of that sort. Judge, this is THE COURT : Objection withdrawn. He may answer. four years back. (Question read. ) MR. DARROW : Was the question discussed in con- A. The authorization, or rather direction, to me to pre- nection with the amount of the appropriation by the Finance sent the budget appears in the minutes of the Board of Committee ? Education, under the meetings at which the annual budget (Question objected to.) THE COURT : He may answer. was passed, or not budget but annual estimate, was passed A. Yes, sir. and I was directed to present it to the City Council, which MR. DARROW : And in that connection what was said I did, for them to act on, and took it over in person, and I as to their intent to appropriate enough so that the sal- was not authorized to alter, vary, change, or amend it in any way. aries would be restored? MR. DARROW : Have you looked at those minutes (Question objected to.) lately? THE COURT : He may answer. A. I don't think I ever read the minutes through in my MR. HERRICK : Whose intent ? MR. DARROW : The members of the committee . life, Mr. Darrow. I heard them read too often, and hear- ing them read for several years past I know the phraseol- (Objected to.) ogy in which they are couched. Q. What was said, not what the intent was ? Q. You remember the date? THE COURT : He may answer what was said in sub- A. No, I don't remember the date. Usually it is about stance . the last part of the fiscal year. A. My recollection is that several of the members of the MR. HERRICK : There is the estimate. committee had argued the point with Mr. Harris as to the raising of the salaries of the school teachers or placing MR. SHANNON : There is the estimate, Mr. Harris. them on the old schedule, and that the statement was finally MR. DARROW : It appeared, I understood, at the next meeting. made that they would make this appropriation if the School Board would agree to raise these salaries; that then Mr. A. This is the set form which we used probably, a re- Harris stated that he thought if this was done it could port of the committee that they had had under considera- be done, that the salaries could be raised. tion and the amount to be provided for in the tax levy of Q. By raising it, you mean placing it on the old 1900 for school purposes and recommending that the presi- dent and secretary of the Board be directed to transmit the schedule? : same to the City Council for their consideration and action. MR. HERRICK : I object to the form of the question. : . THE COURT : You transmitted that in person ? A. Well, it is very difficult for me to answer, Mr. Dar- A. Transmitted it, no, sir ; in writing, your honor. row, for this reason. The salaries were raised one year Q. And in person ? and then my recollection is that they were placed back on A. Then I went over to the City Council and took an- the old schedule. Now, whether the question was to make other copy when the Finance Committee was in session. the regular advance, annual advance, or to restore the Q. Transmitted means to carry ? schedule, I could not say. A. No. Trans-across, and mitted, to send. To send. MR. DARROW : Very likely. Q. To transmit, to send across ? THE COURT : The impression made upon you was A. Yes, sir. that they were to get more salary ? Q. To carry ? A. They were to get more salary than they were get- A. No, sir. Transported would be correct. ting; that is the idea. MR. DARROW : You have, as president of the Board MR. DARROW : Now, Mr. Mayor, the full appropria- of Education, charge- tion as asked for was granted, was it not ? MR. HERRICK : We now urge our motion to exclude (Question objected to.) the rest of that evidence . THE COURT : I suppose the record will show that. MR. DARROW : I do not know that it shows what was asked for. IF I CAN SUCCEED A. From my letter it states that the full appropriation had been given, the full request of the Board had been ac- in making clear to you what is meant by LOANS BY ceded to and I thought it would be by the council. I think CORRESPONDENCE you will never borrow onany that is the sentence, the last sentence in the letter. otherplan. Address E. B., Federation Bulletin,437 UnityBidg Q. And that is your remembrance, isn't it, that it was so? By permission Igive this paper as my reference. A. It was done, yes . Cross Examination by Herrick. Only the deaf and dumb Q. Did Mr. Harris at any of those meetings promise on behalf of the Board of Education that they would raise fail to appreciate the the salaries or restore the salaries ? A. My recollection- Q. Was not his language as stated in your letter that if TELEPHONE the amount asked were granted by the city that it would enable the Board to do it? now- a-days . A. My recollection is that Mr. Harris took the posi- tion that the City Council and the Finance Committee had no authority to decide as to the manner in which the School Board was to apportion its funds, but that he Business & 5 Cents perday thought by this appropriation being made in this way, by the full amount being granted, that it would enable the CHICAGO TELEPHONE CO . Board to raise the teachers' salaries to the place, to the 203 Washington Street. proper place. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 7 FEDERAL First TRUST & SAVINGS National 1 $2,000,000 CAPITAL BANK SURPLUS $500,000 A Banking, Savings and Trust Company Bank business transacted. We invite interviews or correspondence from individuals, firms or corporations contemplating making changes or opening new accounts . is now : ! OFFICERS. DIRECTORS . located in its Thomas P. Phillips, President. E. H. Gary, Chairman, Charles Deering, Nathan G. Moore, W. J. Chalmers. new office , Vice President and Counsel. Alfred H. Mulliken. C. B. Shedd. Charles S. Castle, A. E. Musbaum. Cashier. T. P. Phillips. F. J. Scheidenhelm, Norman B. Ream. Asst. Cashier. Nathan G. Moore. 119 Edwin L. Wagner, Asst. Cashier. Irving J. Shuart, E. J. Buffington. D. W. Burrows. W. E. Phillips. Secretary. J. N. Vance. Monroe St. N. E. Cor. La Salle and Adams Streets. EVERENOS THE ARE YOU AWARE THAT NORTH AMERICAN The REVIEW JOHN CHURCH CO . 260 WABASH AVE.- THEmostnotable literaryeventofthe year 1904will be the serial publi cation in THE NORTH AMERICAN Allotu REVIEW of a new novel, "The Son of Royal Langbrith," by William Dean Special Discounts Howells,beginningintheJanuarynumber to School Teachers? 50 cents a copy; $5.00ayear WriteDept."8" forCatalogues, Prices, Terms, Eto. The North American Review, HARVPALARNDOS ‫هللا‬ FRANKLIN SQUARE, N. Y. 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETΙΝ. THE FAIR , Chicago New Spring Suit, 12.75 One of the new Etons with a strikingly pretty neck effect which consists of a plain short-scalloped band, tastefully ornamented with buttons. Novelty braid with glint of scarlet gives a suggestion of the military suit. Has graduated panel waist front; 3 box plaits, extending half way down the 12.75 sleeves, end prettily in a puff. Fine quality of etamine cheviot, in black, blue and the popular golden brown, 12.75. Others at the same price, in the new short jacket style, tucked and trimmed with taffeta silk, fancy braid and novelty buttons; some plaited. They're made of imported men's suitings, in black, blue and brown, 12.75 . Lot1 comprises short and long coats, fine $35 Winter Jackets, 7.95-The sea- satin lined,odds ity kersey, madeofexcellent & ends of lastqual- sea- 7.95 son's best styles, too, and just the thing for son's selling. Have been selling regularly the remaining cold days of this winter . up to as high as $35, your choice at 7.95. Will be acceptable next winter, when the Lot 2 includes many of the short winter samegarment would cost you many times the Coats here and belines, in blue, $2 pricewe'reasking stock black and castor, asplendid assortment nowofThey wom 7.95 and have been selling up to$10. You can't en's winter coats, divided into afford to miss this sale; your choice, $2. || two lots, priced at 7.95 and$2 respectively. Let us help you save Easter 1. We give you the free use of a handsome nickel plated steel savings bank. keep the key. We Eggs 2. We are open Monday even- ings 5:30 to 8, besides usual hours. finest assortment THE European and American Easter Novel- 3. We pay 3% interest, com- ties in the United States. pounded twice a year. Suitable for presents, at prices from five cents to 4. We invite small deposits. ten dollars each, can be found at :::::::: Royal Trust Company Bank, Royal Insurance Building, 169 Jackson Boulevard, Gunther's Confectionery A State Bank. Established 1891. 212 STATE STREET Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin 100 Vol. 3. CHICAGO , MARCH 25, 1904. No. 17. EDUCATIONAL METHODS . est about it, and perhaps a chance to travel upon it." If the division of labor robs them of interest in any As They Relate to Labor Unions . part of it the mere mechanical fact of interdepend- From "Democracy and Social Ethics . ” ence amounts to nothing. The man in the factory, as well as the man with BY JANE ADDAMS. the hoe, has a grievance beyond being overworked and disinherited, in that he does not know what it We apparently believe that the workingman has is all about. We may well regret the passing of the no chance to realize life through his vocation. We time when the variety of work performed in the un- easily recognize the historic association in regard to specialized workshop naturally stimulated the intelli- ancient buildings. We say that "generation after gence of the workingmen and brought them into con-- generation have stamped their mark upon them, tact both with the raw material and the finished prod- have recorded their thoughts in them, until they uct. But the problem of education, as any advanced have become the property of all." And yet this is educator will tell us, is to supply the essentials of even more true of the instruments of labor, which experience by a short cut, as it were. If the shop have constantly been held in human hands. A ma- constantly tends to make the workman a specialist, chine really represents the "seasoned life of man" then the problein of the educator in regard to him is preserved and treasured up within itself, quite as quite clear: It is to give him what may be an offset much as an ancient building does. At present work- from the over-specialization of his daily work, to men are brought in contact with the machinery with supply him with general information and to insist which they work as abruptly as if the present set of that he shall be a cultivated member of society with a consciousness of his industrial and social value. industrial implements had been newly created. They As sad a sight as an old hand-loom worker in a handle the machinery day by day, without any no- factory attempting to make his clumsy machine tion of its gradual evolution and growth. Few of compete with the flying shuttles about him, is a the men who perform the mechanical work in the workingman equipped with knowledge so meager great factories have any comprehension of the fact that he can get no meaning into his life nor sequence between his acts and the far-off results . that the inventions upon which the factory depends, Manufacturers as a whole, however, when they the instruments which they use, have been slowly attempt educational institutions in connection with worked out, each generation using the gifts of the their factories, are prone to follow conventional lines last and transmitting the inheritance until it has and to exhibit the weakness of imitation. We find, become a social possession. This can only be un- indeed, that the middle-class educator constantly makes the mistakes of the middle-class moralist derstood by a man who has obtained some idea of when he attempts to aid working people. The lat- social progress . We are still childishly pleased ter has constantly and traditionally urged upon the when we see the further subdivision of labor going workingman the specialized virtues of thrift, indus- on, because the quantity of the output is increased try and sobriety-all virtues pertaining to the indi- thereby, and we apparently are unable to take our vidual. When each man had his own shop it was attention away from the product long enough to perhaps wise to lay almost exclusive stress upon the industrial virtues of diligence and thrift ; but as really focus it upon the producer. Theoretically, industry has become more highly organized life be- "the division of labor" makes men more interde- comes incredibly complex and interdependent. If a pendent and human by drawing them together into a workingman is to have a conception of his value at all he must see industry in its unity and entirety unity of purpose. " If a number of people decide fre must have a conception that will include not only to build a road, and one digs, and one brings stones , himself and his immediate family and community, and another breaks them, they are quite inevitably but the industrial organization as a whole. It is united by their interest in the road. But this nat- doubtless true that dexterity of hand becomes less urally presupposes that they know where the road and less imperative as the invention of machinery and subdivision of labor proceeds; but it becomes all is going to, that they have some curiosity and inter- 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . the more necessary, if the workman is to save his Stereopticon lectures are given upon each new life at all, that he should get a sense of his individual country as soon as it has been successfully invaded relation to the system. Feeding a machine with a by the product of the factory. The foremen in the material of which he has no knowledge, producing a various departments of the factory give accounts product totally unrelated to the rest of his life, with- of the increased efficiency and the larger output over out in the least knowing what becomes of it or its former years. Any man who has made an invention connection with the community, is, of course, un- in connection with the machinery of the factory at questionably "deadening to his intellectual and moral this time publicly receives a prize, and suggestions life. To make the moral connection it would be are approved that tend to increase the comfort and necessary to give him a social consciousness of the social facilities of the employes. At least for the value of his work, and at least a sense of participa- moment there is a complete esprit de corps, and the tion and a certain joy in its ultimate use ; to make youngest and least skilled employe sees himself in the intellectual connection it would be essential to connection with the interests of the firm and the create in him some historic conception of the de- spread of an invention. It is a crude example of velopment of industry and the relation of his in- what might be done in the way of giving a large dividual work to it. framework of meaning to factory labor and of put. Workingmen themselves have made attempts in ting it into a sentient background, at least on the both directions, which it would be well for moral- commercial side. ists and educators to study. It is a striking fact It is easy to indict the educator, to say that he has that when workingmen formulate their own moral gotten entangled in his own material and has fallen. code and try to inspire and encourage each other a victim to his own methods; but granting this, it is always a large and general doctrine which they what has the artist done about it he who is sup- preach . They were the first class of men to organize posed to have a more intimate insight into the needs an international association, and the constant talk of his contemporaries and to minister to them as at a modern labor meeting is of solidarity and of the none other can ? identity of the interests of workingmen the world over. It is difficult to secure a successful organiza- It is quite true that a few writers are insisting tion of men into the simplest trades organization that the growing desire for labor, on the part of without an appeal to the most abstract principles of many people of leisure, has its counterpart in the increasing desire for general knowledge on the part justice and brotherhood. As they have formulated their own morals by laying the greatest stress upon of many laborers. They point to the fact that the same quality of conscience which seems to stifle the the largest morality, so if they could found their own noblest effort of the individual because his intel- schools it is doubtful whether they would be of the mechanic institute type. Courses of study arranged lectual conception and his achievement are so diffi- by a group of workingmen are most naive in their cult to bring together is found on a large scale in breadth and generality. They will select the his- society itself, when we have the separation of the tory of the world in preference to that of any period people who think from those who work. And yet... or nation. The "wonders of science" or "the story since Ruskin ceased, no one has really formulated this in a convincing form. And even Ruskin's of evolution" will attract workingmen to a lecture famous dictum that labor without art brutalizes has when zoology or chemistry will drive them away. The" outlines of literature" or "the best in literature always been interpreted as if art could only be a will draw an audience when a lecture in English sense of beauty or joy in one's own work, and not a poetry will be solitary. This results partly from a sense of companionship with all other workers . wholesome desire to have general knowledge before The situation demands the consciousness of partici- . special knowledge, and is partly a rebound from the pation and well-being which comes to the individual when he is able to see himself "in connection and co- specialization of labor to which the workingman is subjected. When he is free from work and can operation with the whole " ; it needs the solace of collective art inherent in collective labor. direct his own mind he tends to roam, to dwell upon large themes. Much the same tendency is found in As the poetbathes the outer world for us in the programs of study arranged by woman's clubs in hues of human feeling, so the workman needs some country places. The untrained mind, wearied with one to bathe his surroundings with a human signifi- meaningless detail, when it gets an opportunity to cance- some one who shall teach him to find that make its demand heard, asks for general philosophy which will give a potency to his life. His education , and background. however simple, should tend to make him widely at In a certain sense commercialism itself, at least home in the world and to give him a sense of sim- in its larger aspect, tends to educate the workingman plicity and peace in the midst of the triviality and better than organized education does. Its interests noise to which he is constantly subjected. He, like are certainly world-wide and democratic, while it our men, can learn to be content to see but a part, is absolutely undiscriminating as to country and although it must be a part of something. mocracy of commerce in relation to manufacturing It is because of a lack of democracy that we do is found in Dayton , Ohio, in the yearly gatherings not really incorporate him in the hopes and advan- held in a large factory there. Once a year the entire tages of society and give him the place which is his force is gathered together to hear the returns of by simple right. We have learned to say that the the business, not so much in respect to the profits good must be extended to all of society before it as in regard to its extension. At these meetings the can be held secure by any one person or any one traveling salesmen from various parts of the world class; but we have not yet learned to add to that -from Constantinople, from Berlin, from Rome. statement that unless all men and all classes con- from Hongkong-report upon the sales they have tribute to a good, we cannot even be sure that it is made and the methods of advertisement and promo- worth having. In spite of many attempts we do tion adapted to the various countries. not really :act .. upon either statement . : :: CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 3 NATIONAL EDUCATIONAL ASSOCIATION. The Preparation of Teachers in Germany- ( Speaker to be supplied) .. Secretary's Office, Winona, Minn, March 21, 1904. An Education Creed-Z. X. Snyder, president of State To the Educational Press : Normal school, Greeley, Colo. The Executive Committee had hoped to be able to make The Limitation of the Superintendent's Authority and full announcements at this date of railroad rates and the Teacher's Independence-Aaron Gove, superintendent ticket conditions for the St. Louis convention, as well as of city schools, Denver, Colo . of all local arrangements ; but the Central Passenger Asso- The Argument for the Teachers' Federation-Miss Mar- ciation, through whose territory most of our members garet A. Haley, president of National Federation of must travel, will not make announcement of rates until Teachers, Chicago, III. after their meeting on the 24th inst. Local arrangements 7:30 p. m. will depend on the time limit of tickets, which it is ex- Sculpture and Decoration at the Exposition-Karl T. F. pected will be not less than fifteen days . Bitter, director of Sculpture, Louisiana Purchase Expo- The committee has secured two valuable concessions for sition. enrolled members : " The Inside Inn, the only hotel within DEPARTMENT OF KINDERGARTEN EDUCATION . the exposition grounds, will be the association headquar- President, Miss Jenny B. Merrill, New York City.. ters, The management has agreed to grant a concession Tuesday, June 28. of 50 cents per day, American plan, to enrolled members Joint Session with Department of Elementary Educa- to the extent of 1,500 rooms ( two persons in a room) . tion. This will insure accommodations for 3,000 persons at Friday, July 1 . $2.50 per day, American plan, without bath, or $4.00 per (Program to be announced later) . day with bath. DEPARTMENT OF ELEMENTARY EDUCAΤΙΟΝ . The local committee expects to secure special rates to President, Miss Ada Van Stone Harris, Rochester, N. Y. enrolled members at various hotels near the grounds and Tuesday, June 28. in private homes in that section of the city. Joint meeting with Kindergarten Department. It is expected that the various state headquarters will The Relation of the Kindergarten and Elementary be in their respective state buildings on the exposition School as Shown in Their Exhibits . grounds, which are nearly all located on the Plateau of a, From the Kindergarten Standpoint-Miss Patty Hill, States near the Inside Inn. Louisville, Ky. The exposition authorities will grant such concessions b, From the Elementary School-Charles B. Gilbert, on admissions to enrolled members that the annual mem- New York city . bership fee ( $2.00) and also a coupon book of ten admis- Discussion- Three minute speeches from many leading sions to the exposition ($5.00) will both be supplied at kindergarteners and teachers representing prominent state the time of registration for $5.00. All meetings will be and city exhibits . held within the exposition grounds. Thursday, June 30. The following preliminary programs are announced by The Natural Activities of Children as Determining the the respective presidents. Complete and revised pro- Industries in Early Education-Miss Sarah C. Brooks , grams will appear in the Official Bulletin to be issued at Baltimore, Md. an early date. Discussion-G. Stanley Hall, Worcester, Mass.; Myron GENERAL SESSIONS . T. Scudder, New Paltz, N. Y. Avenue of Language Expression in the Elementary President, John W. Cook. De Kalb, III. School- Percival Chubbs. Tuesday, June 28, 9:30 a. m. Discussion-Mrs. Ella F. Young, Chicago, Ill.; F. W. Addresses of Welcome- Hon. A. M. Dockery, governor Cooley, Evansville, Ind. of Missouri ; Hon . W. T. Carrington, superintendent of DEPARTMENT OF NORMAL SCHOOLS . public instruction of the state of Missouri ; Hon. Rolla Wells, mayor of St. Louis ; F. Louis Soldan, superintend- President, Lewis H. Jones, Ypsilanti, Mich. ent of city schools , St. Louis : W. S. Chaplin, chancellor Topic- The Teaching of Geography. of Washington University, St. Louis ; Hon. D. R. Francis , a, How Can Teachers Make Better Use of " Out of Doors" in Teaching Geography ? president Louisiana Purchase Exposition ; Howard J. b. What Does the St. Louis Exposition Offer as Illus- Rogers, director of congresses, Louisiana Purchase Expo- sition. trations of the Local Reaction of Man Upon His Environ- Responses-- Hon. W. T. Harris, commissioner of edu- ment in Every Part of the World ? cation of the United States, Washington, D. C.; Е. А. Topic- In How Far May Child Psychology Take the Alderman, president of Tulane University, New Orleans . Place of Adult Psychology, or Rational Psychology, in La. the Training of Teachers ? The Place of the Church in American Education-Ed- Topic-What Is the Net Gain to Education From the mund J. James, president of Northwestern University, Ev- Physiological Psychology ? Recent Investigations Into Physiological anston, Ill. While a number of prominent speakers have been se- President's address. cured, definite assignments to topics cannot be announced at this date. Wednesday, June 29, 9:15 a. m. Popular Education in England- (Speaker to be sup- DEPARTMENT OF MANUAL TRAINING . plied). President, Arthur H. Chamberlain, Pasadena, Cal. Educational Possibilities for the Country Child in the Wednesday, June 29. United States-O. J. Kern. superintendent of schools of Joint Session with Department of Indian Education. Winnebago county, Rockford, Ill. General Topic-Elementary Manual Training. The New Departure in Secondary Education-J. J. Shep- I. The Constructive Idca in the Elementary School- pard, principal of High School of Commerce, nmerce, New York W. S. Jackraan, dean of School of Education, University city. of Chicago . The Place of the Small College-George A. Gates, 2. The Place of the Arts in Training for Teaching- president of Pomona College, Claremont, Cal. (Speaker to be supplied) . 7:30 p. m. 3. Manual Training in Germany as Shown by Exhibits Art Exhibits in the Exposition-Halsey C. Ives, chief -Dr. Alwin Pabst, director of Manual Training College, of department of art, Louisiana Purchase Exposition. Leipzig, Germany. Thursday, June 30, 9:15 a. m. 4. Reports on Work as Shown by Exhibits- (a) From Education of the Southern Negro-Booker T. Washing- the Teachers' College, New York, Miss Mary B. Hyde ; ton, president of Tuskegee Institute, Tuskegee, Ala. (b) Indianapolis, Ind.; (c) New York city schools : (d) Popular Education in France-- ( Speaker to be supplied) . Pacific coast ; ( e) Bradley Polytechnic Institute, Peoria, Education in Porto Rico-Samuel M. Lindsay, commis- Ill. Charles A. Bennett. sioner of education, San Juan, Porto Rico. Friday, July 1. Education in the Philippines-E. B. Bryan, ex- superin- 1. The Manual Training High School Versus Optional tendent of education, Philippine Islands. Work in the Regular School-Charles B. Gilbert, New 7:30 p. m. York city. Architecture of the Exposition-L. L. Masqueray, chief 2. What May Be Done in the Country Schools-Alfred of design, Louisiana Purchase Exposition. Bayliss, Springfield. Ill. Friday, July 1 , 9:15 a. m. (Continued on page 5 ) CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION NEW ORLEANS EDUCATIONAL ASSOCIATION . BULLETIN In the grief which is felt by the teachers of Chi- Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, cago for the passing of so many of their number Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois , as Second-Class Matter, in the destruction of the Iroquois theater, the teach- December 23, 1901 . ers of New Orleans extend their deepest sympathy, THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the realizing keenly the sense of personal loss which year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of saddens their coming together when familiar faces April and December, by the Chicago Teachers' Federation. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single are missed from their accustomed places ; therefore, copies . Five Cents. be it, ALL CONTRIBUTIONS , Including advertisements, must be received by Tuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to Resolved, That in a spirit of fellowship with the the order of the Federation Bulletin. teachers of the great city by the lakeside, a page in the record book of the New Orleans Educational THE EDITOR , 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO . Association be set aside and inscribed with this trib- Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. ute to the memory of the teachers who perished in the Chicago fire, and that a copy of the same be forwarded to the Chicago Teachers' Federation, and SCHOOL BOARD ELECTED BY PEOPLE CHI- the Principals' Association of the City of Chicago. CAGO'S NEED . Respectfully submitted, RubieG. Harris, The following report of the special committee ap- Chairman Com. on Resolutions, N. O. Ε. Α. pointed by the Chicago Federation of Labor to in- vestigate the condition of the schools was made March 20 and indorsed unanimously : POLITICIANS' CALCULATIONS . "Your special committee appointed to look into the school situation and ascertain the needs of the Those who are in favor of woman suffrage pre- public schools and recommend means of meeting sent numbers of valid and seemingly unanswerable those needs, respectfully reports that, in its opin- arguments ; those opposed have little or nothing to ion, the greatest present need of the schools is a Board of Education elected by the people ; and as say in behalf of their position. Probably the only the question of electing the Board of Education will argument against the proposition is one based not be submitted to the voters of Chicago on the 'Little on reason but on prejudice-on the unquestioned Ballot' with the question of municipal ownership at fact that all the calculations of politicians would be the election April 5 your committee recommends disturbed and rendered worthless if the number of that this report be received as progress and that the voters in Illinois was to be doubled at a single committee be instructed to prepare a statement urg- ing the necessity of voting for this with the other stroke. But it is doubtful if this argument ought propositions on the 'Little Ballot' and that copies of to prevail as it has in times past. this statement be sent at once to all affiliated locals, This country of ours has something better to do together with a communication from the secretary than consider the conveniences of practical politi- notifying them of this action." cians. Just what the effect would be can certainly be foreseen from a study of the conditions in those states of the Union that have admitted women to the polls. It is unquestioned that women have a Life may be given in many ways, clearer conception of morals than men-and they And loyalty to truth be sealed certainly are no more emotional than men in rela- As bravely in the closet as the field, tion to politics nor any more likely to have the cour- So bountiful is Fate age of their fathers' opinions as distinguished from But then to stand beside her , opinions of their own. It has always been easier to ridicule their movement than to submit rational When craven churls deride her, To front a lie in arms and not to yield, argument against it. Inertia and conservatism, es- This shows, methinks, God's plan pecially among the unintelligent, have apparently And measure of a stalwart man , supplied the market for the jester, not at all to the Limbed like the old heroic breeds , credit of the intelligence of the community. Taxa- Who stands self-poised on manhood's solid earth, tion, always bearing most hardly on those who can Not forced to frame excuses for his birth, bear it least in this state of Illinois, comes with par- Fed from within with all the strength he needs. ticular force upon women's shoulders. "Commemoration Ode. " - LOWELL. When it is realized that it is what each man, woman and child wears and eats that is taxed, as weil as the house inhabited, and that few pay taxes on more than that, whether rich or poor, the injus- tice of keeping the woman who bears the burden We desire to call attention to an error in the sub- of wise expenditure for almost every man in the ject of Miss Haley's address announced in the pro- community from expressing herself about the ex- gram of the N. E. A. at St. Louis . travagance of tax-eaters and tax-spenders will be The letter of invitation asked Miss Haley "to more apparent. The majority of intelligent men are in favor of woman suffrage and have been in prepare an address for the N. E. A. meeting in favor of it for many years. But what of the unin- June on the whole subject of teachers' unions. " telligent ?-Chicago Daily News . CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 5 NATIONAL EDUCATIONAL ASSOCIATION. Louis, Mo.; Hon . W. A. Jones , United States commis- sioner of Indian affairs : Superintendent F. Lotus Soldan (Continued from page 3.) of St. Louis : D. R. Francis, president of the Universal 3. Progress in the South as Shown by Exhibits- Exposition, St. Louis, Mo., and other prominent officials (Speaker to be supplied) . of the exposition. DEPARTMENT OF CHILD STUDY. Tuesday, June 28. President, E. A. Kirkpatrick, Fitchburg, Mass . Joint session with the Department of Elementary Edu- cation. Tuesday, June 28. General Topic-Methods of Scientific Child Study. Wednesday, June 29. Distribution of a printed paper by Will S. Monroe, des- Joint session with the Department of Manual Training. cribing the different types of child study, with directions Thursday, June 30. as to where exhibits of the same are to be found. Round Table Conference of Indian Workers . Laboratory Tests as a Means of Child Study. Friday, July 1. Round Table Conference of Indian Workers. The Questionnaire in the Study of Children. A General Critique of Child Study Methods. Programs for the other departments are not yet ready Problems Yet to Be Solved and Modes of Attack. for announcement, but will be completed at an early date. Philippine and American Children Compared. Thanking you in advance for your kind co- operation in Thursday, June 30. publishing this information, I am, for the Executive Com- General Topic-Practical Child Study. mittee, Sincerely yours , Diagnosis of Capacities and Defects of Children. Irwin Shepard, Secretary. Modes of Dealing With Exceptional Children . After the reading of these papers the section will divide into round tables to discuss the following topics : THE CIVIC COMMITTEE The Study of Children in the Kindergarten. OF THE The Study of Children in the Grades . The Study of High School Pupils. LEAGUE OF COOK COUNTY CLUBS . The Teaching of Child Study in the Normal Schools Takes pleasure in announcing that the "Chicago and Universities . President Kirkpatrick is sending out circulars to all Daily News" will co-operate with it in making it persons engaged in child study with the view of securing possible for the citizens to become conversant with an exhibit at the exposition of appliances, outlines, methods certain ordinances , which the "News" will publish and results of child study. Assignment of speakers will from time to time during the spring. be announced later. DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE INSTRUCTION . In order to take advantage of this educational President, W. A. Fiske, Richmond, Ind. effort the committee requests presidents of clubs, Wednesday, June 29. heads of corporations and the clergy of the city to Discussion of Exposition sition Exhibits. call attention to this opportunity, in their respective 1. A Comparative Study of the Methods of Science In- bodies. They also suggest that these ordinances struction of the Various Countries as Shown by Their when published, be cut from the paper and arranged Exhibits-Wm. J. S. Bryan, principal of Central High School, St. Louis, Mo. in such form as may be most convenient for future 2. The Nature and Educational Value of the Scientific reference. Exhibits of High Schools and Colleges of the United Heads of city departments will be materially States-George Platt Knox, principal of Garfield School, assisted in enforcing the ordinances if citizens will St. Louis, Mo. 3. The Success and Failure of Scientific Teaching as report to these officials the violations of any that Shown by the Various Exhibits-( Speaker to be supplied) . come under their observation . 4. Applied Geography, Illustrated From the Louisiana The first ordinances to be published are the fol- Purchase-Arthur G. Clements, University of the State of lowing: New York. LIBRARY DEPARTMENT . Anti-spitting ordinance. President, Nathan C. Schaeffer, Harrisburg, Pa. Cleaning of streets and littering of same. Library Work in Normal Schools-Theodore B. Noss, Removal of garbage. president of State Normal School, California, Pa. The new ordinance for the protection of life in Discussion led by Miss Grace Salisbury, librarian of case of fire in public places, halls, theaters , etc. State Normal School, Whitewater, Wis . The Place of the Library in Class Instruction-Clarence The committee respectfully calls your attention F. Meleney, associate superintendent of city schools, New to the fact that at the coming election, April 5th , York city. the fourth question presented to the voters on the (Program to be completed) . LITTLE BALLOT. will be. SHALL THE DEPARTMENT OF SPECIAL EDUCATION . BOARD OF EDUCATION BE ELECTED BY President, J. W. Jones , Columbus, Ohio. Wednesday, June 29. THE PEOPLE ? It requires an act of the legis- 1. President's Address . lature to make the board elective after the citizens 2. What Teachers May Learn From the Model Schools of Chicago have expressed their desire by their vote of the Deaf and Blind and Their Exhibits-S . M. Green , superintendent of the Missouri School for the Blind, St. on this question. Unless a majority of the voters Louis. of Chicago show by their vote April 5th, that they 3. Sight and Hearing in Relation to Education-Oscar favor an elective board of education this legislation Christman, professor of Paidology, Ohio University, cannot be secured. Athens, Ohio. Very respectfully, the committee, Friday, July 1. Minnie Watkins , 1. Report of Commission on Statistics Relative to Chil- Julia H. Jaffray, dren in the Public Schools of the United States Who Harriet M. Van Der Vaart, Need Special Methods of Instruction-F. W. Booth, editor Lela L. King , of Association Review, Mt. Airy, Philadelphia, Pa. Sarah F. Sloan, 2. The Chicago Hospital School for Nervous and Deli- Georgie C. Caldwell, cate Children; Its Educational and Scientific Methods- Mrs. A. N. Heap , Miss Mary R. Campbell, secretary, Chicago, III. Mrs.Geo . J. Reed . 3. The Teacher and the Defective Child-Dr. M. A. Goldstein, St. Louis, Mo. DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN EDUCATION . Mrs. O'Rourke (to charitable old Mr. Hartwell, President, R. A. Cochrane, Talklai, Ariz. Monday, June 27, 9:30 a. m. who is giving away poultry to the needy) -Long Preliminary session at which addresses will be delivered life to yer Honor ; sure I'll niver see a goose agin by Most Rev. J. J. Glennon, D. D., archbishop of St. but I'll think of yez ! -Harlem Life. 1 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. ANNOUNCEMENTS . IN SCHOOL . When school begins at nine o'clock, The children settle down to work, The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teach- And nearly all in earnest are, ers' Federation will meet Monday, March 28, at Though some among the number shirk. 4 p. m., in Room 437, Unity Bldg. And when the teacher is engaged JOSEPHINE NICHOLS, Cor. Secretary, In making clear some hidden truth, 341 8. Forty-third Ave. She has to stop and reprimand Some mischievous, unruly youth . CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION. And that unpleasant duty done, The adjourned session of the annual meeting will She tries to make things clear again, And mayhap has a visitor le held Saturday, April 2, 1904, in Oriental Hall, To list to what she must explain. 17th floor Masonic Temple, at 10:30 a. m . Special order of business : Installation of officers for the ensuing year, reports of officers and amendments And then the special teachers come At intervals, her work to test , to the constitution. And she is more or less unstrung, Josephine Nichols, Cor. Sec. Louie L. Kilbourn, Pres. Though conscious she has done her best. And if these artists be but pleased, BOARD OF EDUCATION. All nature wears a brighter hue, Wednesday , March 16, 1904 . But when they are dissatisfied Wednesday, March 16, 1904. She feels fatigued and very blue. District Supt. A. G. Lane was granted a " Leave of ab- sence" until May I with pay. Year after year, this strain goes on, Margaret Gallagher and Henry H. Wilson, former Until enduring strength is past, teachers , were placed on the list for assignment. And after struggling valiantly, Julia B. Corcoran, Minnie A. O'Sullivan, Mabel F. Shaw She feels like giving up at last. and Andrea M. Sorensen, cadets who have served four ‫ةع‬ months, were placed on the list for assignment. Josephine Lesen, Julia L. McIlvaine and Caroline E. Give up ! and what then can she do, Miller were advanced in salary on the score of experience. Her health and occupation gone ? John E. Groves was elected teacher in the Crane M. T. Through years of misery and pain, High School at a salary of $900. She must brace up and struggle on. Ida I. Culley was elected head assistant of the Pulaski M. LOUISE GARCIA. School. PENSION BOARD . Katherine Eiles, Jenſe Clancey and Bridget M. B. Egan Honesty is a warrant of far more safety than fame. Feltham . were granted annuities. MR. LOWRY'S TAXES . LOANS TO TEACHERS The Twin City Rapid Transit Company is in a fair way By a Teacher to pay a respectable amount of taxes on its holdings in AT LIVE AND LET LIVE LOW RATES Ramsey and Hennepin counties. "Wherewithal" and no tattling. The action of the state board of equalization in raising the valuation of the company's holdings to $4,600,000 will L. A. care FEDERATION BULLETIN, 437 UNITY BUILDING meet with the approbation of every man in the Twin Cities except the officers and attorneys of the company. It shows a proper sense of discrimination on the part IF I CAN SUCCEED of the members of the board-this raise. It is applied to a corporation whose holdings are large and whose earnings in making clear to you what is meant by LOANS BY are immense-even comparatively. The Twin City Rapid Transit Company has been a CORRESPONDENCE you will never borrow on any persistent and unscrupulous taxdodger. It never has paid other plan. Address E. B., Federation Bulletin,437 Unity Bldg. anything like a just share of the taxes. And at last fate By permission Igive this paper as my reference. has overtaken it. Last spring when Moritz Heim, supported by The Daily News out of all the dailies of St. Paul and Minneapolis, began a campaign to compel the company to pay its fee Only the deaf and dumb as a foreign corporation, the managers hid behind the contention that the Twin City Rapid Transit Company fail to appreciate the owned nothing in the state-an obvious subterfuge. If the company had shown any disposition to comply with the Somerville bill it might have averted the fate TELEPHONE that has overtaken it. Now it will have to pay a fair share of taxes on part of its holdings and will very likely now- a-days . have to settle under the Somerville bill. Mr. Heim has done well. He began the agitation to force the street railway company to pay its taxes two years Business Residence& 5 Cents and per day up . or more ago. He was laughed at. He persevered until he received the countenance of The Daily News . CHICAGO TELEPHONE CO . The people will join with The Daily News in congratu- lating the board of equalization and Mr. Heim on their 203 Washington Street. good work -St. Paul Daily News. CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETΙΝ . 7 FEDERAL The First TRUST & SAVINGS National $2,000,000 CAPITAL BANK SURPLUS $500,000 A Banking, Savings and Trust Company business transacted. Bank We invite interviews or correspondence from individuals, firms or corporations contemplating making changes or opening new accounts . is now OFFICERS . DIRECTORS . located in its Thomas P. Phillips, President. E. H. Gary, Chairman, Charles Deering, Nathan G. Moore, W. J. Chalmers. new office, Vice President and Alfred H. Mulliken . Counsel. C. B. Shedd. Charles S. Castle, A. E. Musbaum. Cashier. T. P. Phillips . F. J. Scheidenhelm, Norman B. Ream . Asst. Cashier. Nathan G. Moore . 119 Edwin L. Wagner, Asst. Cashier. Irving J. Shuart, E. J. Buffington. D. W. Burrows. W. E. Phillips. Secretary. J. N. Vance. Monroe St. N. E. Cor. La Salle and Adams Streets . EVERENOS THE ARE YOU AWARE THAT NORTH AMERICAN The REVIEW JOHN CHURCH CO . 260 WABASH AVE. THEmostnotable literaryeventofthe year 1904 will be the serial publi cation in THE NORTH AMERICAN Allow REVIEW of a new novel, "The Son of Royal Langbrith," by William Dean Special Discounts Howells,beginningintheJanuarynumber 10 School Teachers? 50 cents a copy; $5.00ayear Write Dept. "S" for Catalogues, Prices, Terms, Eto. The North American Review, HARVARNOS FRANKLIN SQUARE, N. Y. 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETΙΝ. THE FAIR , Chicago New Spring Suit, 12.75 One of the new Etons with a strikingly pretty neck effect which consists of a plain short-scalloped band, tastefully ornamented with buttons. Novelty braid with glint of scarlet gives a suggestion of the military suit. Has graduated panel waist front; 3 box plaits, extending half way down the 12.75 sleeves, end prettily in a puff. Fine quality of etamine cheviot, in black, blue and the popular golden brown, 12.75 . Others at the same price, in the new short jacket style, tucked and trimmed with taffeta silk, fancy braid and novelty buttons; some plaited. They're made of imported men's suitings, in black, blue and brown, 12.75 . Lot 1 comprises short and long coats, fine $35 Winter Jackets, 7.95- The sea- satin lined,odds ity kersey, madeofexcellent & ends of lastqual- sea- 7.95 son's best styles, too, and just the thing for son's selling. Have been selling regularly the remaining cold days of this winter . up to as high as $35, your choice at7.95. Will be acceptable next winter, when the Lot 2 includes many of the short winter same garment would cost you many times the coats-kerseys and zibelines, in blue, black and castor, a splendid assortment $2 embraceour entire stock ofwom 7.95 and have been selling up to $10. You can't en's winter coats, divided into afford to miss this sale; your choice, $2. || two lots, priced at 7.95 and $2 respectively. Let us help you save Democracy and Social Ethics 1. We give you the free use of a handsome nickel-plated steel savings bank. We keep the key . By JANE ADDAMS 2. We are open Monday even- ings 5:30 to 8, besides usual Head of "Hull House," Chi- hours. cago; joint author of "Philan- thropy and Social Progress." 3. We pay 3% interest, com- pounded twice a year. 4. We invite small deposits. Miss Addams' Settlement Work is known to all who are interested in social amelioration and municipal conditions. As the title of her book Royal Trust Company shows, it will be occupied with the reciprocal Bank, relations of ethical progress and the growth of Royal Insurance Building, democratic thought, sentiment and institutiona 169 Jackson Boulevard, A State Bank. Established 1891. 1.86 NET. Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin 100 Vol. 3. CHICAGO , APRIL 1 , 1904. No. 18. THE TEACHERS ' SUIT . of the respondent. Still, as she alleged, and the allegation Last Thursday the attorneys for the Board of Educa- was not denied, no one was appointed in her place, and she continued to discharge all the duties of her position as tion asked for ten days more in which to file their briefs teacher, and no action has been taken by the board of and argument. As the teachers' attorneys have five day's education to dismiss her from her employment. Under the after such filing to answer any new points therein brought by-laws of the city board of education, it was the duty of forward it will make the total time from the date of the respondent to certify to the auditor the names and closing the hearing till the court has the matter actually salaries of the teachers ; and, without such certification, before him thirty-five days. It is impossible to say how teachers were unable to draw their pay. On an affidavit long the judge will have the matter under advisement be- stating those facts, the relator applied to the special term fore announcing a decision. for a peremptory writ of mandamus, directing the re- spondent to recognize her as a teacher of the public BROOKLYN TEACHERS MAY MARRY . schools and to certify her name to the auditor, that she Teacher Wins Suit Against Board of Education. might be paid her salary. As already stated, the affidavits on behalf of the respondent controverted none of the Mrs. Kate M. Murphy, a Brooklyn teacher, to whom Le Geard of Education refused to pay her salary because facts stated by the relator, except those referring to her she married asked and received a writ of mandamus com- reappointment. The special term granted the peremptory pelling Superintendent Maxwell to certify on the salary writ as asked for by the relator, on the ground that her sheet the amount due her. The decision declares the employment could not be terminted without affirmative Brooklyn board has no power under the charter of Greater action taken by the borough board of education to dismiss New York to dismiss women teachers because they marry . her. On appeal the appellate division reversed the order Following is the full text of the decision : of the special term, holding that the relator's marriage PEOPLE ex rel. MURPHY v. MAXWELL, ipso facto terminated her employment, but directed that Superintendent of Schools. an alternative writ issue to determine the controversy as (Court of Appeals of New York. Feb. 23, 1904.) to her reappointment. The appellate division thereafter SCHOOLS- MARRIAGE OF FEMALE TEACHERS- allowed an appeal to this court, and certified three ques- DISMISSAL . tions for determination : First, is the by-law of the 1. Greater New York charter (Laws 1897, c. 378, §§ former borough school board of Brooklyn, above recited, a 1114, 1117, re-enacted in Laws 1901, c. 466, §§ 1093, 1101 ) reasonable regulation ? Second, is the aforesaid by-law in provides that teachers in public schools shall hold their . conflict with section 1114 of the charter of 1897 of the city positions subject only to the limitations of the act, and to of New York ( Laws 1897, с. 378, p. 403) , providing for reassignment or removal for cause after trial on charges the removal of members of the educational and teaching of gross misconduct, insubordination, neglect of duty or staff after trial and hearing upon charges, and prescrib- general inefficiency. Held, that such provisions are neces- ing the grounds of such removal ? Third, can such by- sarily exclusive, and a by-law of the Board of Education, law operate to vacate the position of women principals and adopted by the School Board of the borough of Brooklyn teachers , without the taking of affirmative action by the providing that, should a female teacher marry, her place board of education or the borough school board, as pre- shall become vacant, is void, as in conflict with the charter. scribed by the charter of the city of New York, looking to O'Brien, J. , dissenting. their removal ? It is not necessary, nor would it be profitable, to discuss Appeal from Supreme court, appellate division, second the question whether a by-law providing that a female department. teacher shall by marriage vacate her employment is reason- Application by the people, on the relation of Kate M. able or not, nor, if it be assumed that such a by- law would Murphy, for a peremptory writ of mandamus to William be reasonable, to consider whether the particular by-law in H. Maxwell, city superintendent of schools of the city of this case, which, in effect, provides that by marriage a New York, to compel defendant to recognize the relator as female teacher's employment shall cease, or not, at the a teacher in the public schools. From an order of the option of the borough board, is reasonable, as we are of appellate division (83 N. Y. Supp. 1098) which reversed opinion that under the charter the board had no power an order granting a peremptory writ, relator appeals. Af- either to pass a by-law on the subject, or to provide for firmed. the compulsory termination of the employment of the Conrad Saxe Keyes, for appellant. John J. Delany, teacher, except in the manner pointed out by the statute. corp. counsel (James D. Bell, of counsel) , for respondent. Prior to the creation of the present city, the public school CULLEN, J. In February, 1891, the relator was ap- system of the old city of New York was governed by the pointed a teacher in one of the public schools of the then provisions of the consolidation act of 1882 ( Laws 1882, p. city of Brooklyn. At that time there was a by-law of 294, C. 410) . Section 1038 of that statute empowered the the board of education of the city which provided : board of trustees for the ward, by a vote of their whole "Should a female principal, head of department or teacher number, to remove teachers other than principals and vice marry, her place shall thereupon become vacant, but her principals, provided the removal was approved by a ma- marriage shall not operate as a bar to her reappointment, jority of the inspectors for the district, subject to a right should it be deemed to the best interests of the school to of appeal to the board of education, which might reinstate retain her services." After the consolidation of the city the teacher. Section 1042 authorized the board of educa- with the city of New York, the borough school board tion, by a three- fourths vote, to remove any teacher on adopted or continued that by-law. On Jan. 21, 1902, the the recommendation of the city superintendent, or of a relator married. Thereupon she notified the local com- majority of the ward trustees, or of the inspectors of the mittee of the school in which she taught, and applied for district. It is very clear that these provisions of the reappointment or continuance in her position. She asserts statute were exclusive, and that a teacher could be re- that she was reappointed by the borough board, but this moved only in the manner therein prescribed, and so it fact was put in issue by the affidavits submitted on behalf has been held by the courts-Steinson v. Board of Educa 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . tion of N. Y. , 165 N. Y. 431, 59 Ν. Ε. 300. In the greater Manual Training Centers-Darwin school, Drake school, New York charter the only provisions as to their tenure of Crerar school, Stowe school, Shields school. employment and the dismissal of teachers from their Household Arts Centers-Franklin school, Talcott places, except those relating to compulsory retirement, are school, Medill school. found in sections 1114 and 1117. The latter of these sec- tions provides: "All superintendents, assistants or asso- That the business manager be authorized and instructed ciate superintendents, and all principals, teachers and other to purchase and install the necessary equipment for in- members of the educational staff in the public school sys- struction in these subjects in the above named centers . tem of any part of the city of New York as constituted by That the Superintendent of Schools be instructed to this act, shall continue to hold their respective positions submit, as early as practicable, a curriculum and outline of and to be entitled to such compensation as is now provided work for a Commercial High School. or may hereafter be provided by the various school boards, subject to the limitations of this act, and to reassignment That the Superintendent of Schools be given permission or to removal for cause, as may be provided by law." By to inspect such schools wherever located, as he may think section 1114 a member of the school board, a borough necessary ; to be absent such time as may be necessary ; superintendent or an associate superintendent is authorized and to go to such traveling expenses as may be required. to prefer charges to the school board against any principal That examinations for principals of elementary schools, or against any teacher in any of the schools under their teachers in elementary schools, teachers of German in ele- charge " for gross misconduct, insubordination, neglect of mentary schools, teachers in high schools, teachers in duty or general inefficiency." Provision is made for the suspension of the teacher charged with such delinquency. kindergartens, teachers of manual training in elementary schools, teachers of cooking in elementary schools, teach- It is then provided that the school board shall immediately ers of sewing in elementary schools, teachers of the deaf, proceed to try and determine the case, either by the full teachers of drawing in elementary schools and high schools, board or by a committee, and fix the fine, penalty or pun- teachers of physical culture, teachers of manual training ishment, if any, that should be imposed, which "shall con- in high schools, family instructors and assistant family in- sist of a fine, in suspension for a fixed time without pay, structors in the Parental School, be held on Monday and or in dismissal." Now, bearing in mind the mandate of Tuesday, June 27 and 28, 1904, and that the Superinten- section 117, that the teachers shall continue to hold their dent of Schools be authorized to give these examinations positions, subject only to the limitations of the statute the publicity he thinks necessary. and removal for cause, and that the only grounds for re- moval provided by the charter are gross misconduct, in- That the rules and regulations presented at the meeting held March 16, 1904, be adopted. subordination, neglect of duty or general inefficiency, we think that these statutory provisions are also necessarily That, at the annual reorganization of the Board of Ed- exclusive. It is unreasonable to believe that the drafts- ucation, the secretary present the present rules and regu- man of the Greater New York charter, or the legislators lations, with the amendments to date, to the Board for re- who enacted it, having before them as the foundation of adoption. that charter the consolidation act of 1882, which pre- That the public schools of Chicago be closed on Good scribed the only method in which a school teacher could Friday, April 1 , 1904. be removed, and having themselves provided in the charter for dismissal for specified causes, should have intended by Concurrence in the following report from the Superin- tendent of Schools : the grant of any general power to the board of education to authorize the removal of teachers from their employ- "The Superintendent of Schools respectfully reports that ment on any other grounds or in any other manner than half-day kindergartens were opened in the Coonley and those stated in the statute. Nor is the power given by the Avondale Schools in September, 1903, the same teachers charter to enact by-laws sufficient to cover the case before serving in both schools. It has been found, however, that 115. The statute authorized each borough board subject to the distance between these two schools is too great for the control of the board of education to enact by-laws not teachers to travel between sessions and still do satisfactory in conflict with the provisions of the charter " for the gov- work. The Superintendent therefore recommends that the ernment and management of the schools in the borough, Coonley kindergarten be closed temporarily and that the for defining the duties and regulating the exercise of the kindergarten in the Avondale school be made an all-day powers of officers * its ** members and committees and of all school session. " and for the promotion and welfare and That it has instructed the Superintendent of Schools to best interests of all matters committed to it concerning the suspend Michael M. Byrne, teacher in the Chicago Lawn public schools and the public school system of the city in school , against whom charges have been filed, pending the said borough." Under this authority the board might pre- completion of the investigation and trial. scribe the manner in which a school teacher should dis- charge the duties of the position, and violation of such The Superintendent of Schools respectfully reports that by-law would constitute insubordination, for which the in transferring from a position as regular teacher in the offender might be proceeded against, but in no other way elementary schools to another department of the public does it confer any power on the board to deal with the schools a person who holds a proper certificate for such subject of dismissals. positions, he has followed the rule which required service It follows that the order of the appellate division should in such position before he can be regularly appointed or be reversed, and that of the special term affirmed, with assigned. costs; that the first question should remain unanswered that the second question should be answered in the affirma- The Superintendent further reports that the rules of the tive, and the third in the negative. Board authorizes him to fix the salary of a substitute in Parker, C. J. , and Haight, Martin, and Vann, J. J. (and the high schools at $4 or $5 per day, and that the maximum for such substitute service is sometimes less than the sal- Gray, J. , in result, on the ground that affirmative action was necessary on the part of the board of education) , con- ary an elementary teacher was receiving in the position cur. O'Brien, J., dissents. from which he was transferred. The Superintendent be- lieves that it is unfair to any teacher who is promoted to Order reversed, etc. require him to suffer a reduction in his salary for four months. BOARD OF EDUCATION. The Superintendent respectfully recommends that the following clause be added to Section 269 of the rules and Wednesday, March 30, 1904. regulations : The Committee on School Management made the fol- "Salary During Probationary Service. When a teacher lowing recommendations : That two thousand copies of a in one department of the public school system is trans- manual pertaining to games for use in the elementary ferred to another department wherein the salary schedule schools, be printed at an estimated cost of 400, to be is higher, his salary during the term of his probationary charged to the appropriation for physical physical culture. substitute service shall be fixed at an amount equal to that That, in accordance with the provisions of the report which he was receiving in the position from which he was of the Committee on Finance, which was adopted by the transferred ; and no person shall be appointed or assigned Board of Education on February 3, 1904. five new centers to any position as teacher who has not served a proba- for instruction in manual training and three new centers tionary period of four months in such position." for instruction in household arts be located in the follow- ing elementary schools: Recommendations concurred in . CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 3 THE FUNCTION OF EDUCATION IN DEMO- ject should claim for six or seven successive years. The process of making acquaintance with external nature CRATIC SOCIETY. through the elements of these various sciences should be By Charles W. Eliot, interesting and enjoyable for every child. It should not be painful, but delightful ; and throughout the process President of Harvard University. the child's skill in the arts of reading, writing and ciph- What the function of education shall be in a democracy ering should be steadily developed. will depend on what is meant by democratic education. There is another part of every child's environment with Too many of us think of education for the people as if it which he should early begin to make acquaintance, namely, meant only learning to read, write and cipher. Now, the human part. The story of the human race should be reading, writing and simple ciphering are merely the tools gradually conveyed to the child's mind from the time he by the diligent use of which a rational education is to be begins to read with pleasure. This story should be con- obtained through years of well-directed labor. They are veyed quite as much through biography as through his- not ends in themselves, but means to the great end of tory; and with the descriptions of facts and real events enjoying a rational existence. Under any civilized form should be entwined charming and uplifting products of of government these arts ought to be acquired by every the imagination. I cannot but think, however, that the child by the time it is nine years of age. Competent teach- wholly desirable imaginative literature for children re- ers, or properly conducted schools, now teach reading, mains, in large measure, to be written. The mythologies, writing and spelling simultaneously, so that the child Old Testament stories, fairy tales, and historical romances writes every word it reads, and, of course, in writing spells on which we are accustomed to feed the childish mind the word. Ear, eye and hand thus work together from contain a great deal that is perverse, barbarous, or trivial ; the beginning in the acquisition of the arts of reading and to this infiltration into children's minds, generation and writing. As to ciphering, most educational experts after generation, of immoral, cruel, or foolish ideas, is have become convinced that the amount of arithmetic probably to be attributed, in part, the slow ethical progress which an educated person who is not some sort of com- of the race. The common justification of our practice is puter needs to make use of is but small, and that real that children do not apprehend the evil in the mental pic- education should not be delayed or impaired for the tures with which we so rashly supply them. But what sake of acquiring a skill in ciphering which will be of should we think of a mother who gave her child dirty little use either to the child or to the adult. Reading, milk or porridge on the theory that the child would not writing and arithmetic, then, are not the goal of popular assimilate the dirt? Should we be less careful of mental education. and moral food-materials ? It is, however, as undesirable The goal in all education, democratic or other, is al- as it is impossible to try to feed the minds of children only ways receding before the advancing contestant, as the upon facts of observation or record. The immense product top of a mountain seems to retreat before the climber, of the imagination in art and literature is a concrete fact remoter and higher summits appearing successively as each with which every edicated human being should be made apparent summit is reached. Nevertheless, the goal of somewhat familiar, such products being a very real part the moment in education is always the acquisition of knowl- of every individual's actual environment. edge, the training of some permanent capacity for pro- Into the education of the great majority of children ductiveness or enjoyment, and the development of charac- there enters as an important part their contribution to ter. Democratic education being a very new thing in the daily labor of the household and the farm, or, at least the world, its attainable objects are not yet fully per- of the household. It is one of the serious consequences ceived. Plato taught that the laborious classes in a model of the rapid concentration of population into cities and commonwealth needed no education whatever. That large towns, and of the minute division of labor which scems an extraordinary opinion for a great philosopher characterizes modern industries, that this wholesome part to hold; but, while we wonder at it, let us recall that only of education is less easily secured than it used to be one generation ago in some of our Southern States it was when the greater part of the population was engaged in a crime to teach a member of the laborious class to read. agriculture. Organized education must, therefore, supply In feudal society education was the privilege of some in urban communities a good part of the manual and of the nobility and clergy, and was one source of the moral training which the co-operation of children in the power of these two small classes. Universal education in work of father and mother affords in agricultural com- Germany dates only from the Napoleonic wars ; and its munities. Hence the great importance in any urban pop- object has been to make intelligent soldiers and sub- ulation of facilities for training children to accurate hand- jects, rather than happy freemen. In England the system work, and for teaching them patience, forethought, and of public instruction is but twenty-seven years old. More- good judgment in productive labor. over, the fundamental object of democratic education- Lastly, the school should teach every child, by precept, to lift the whole population to a higher plane of intelli- Ly example, and by every illustration its reading can gence, conduct and happiness-has not yet been perfectly supply, that the supreme attainment for any individual apprehended even in the United States. Too many of our is vigor and loveliness of character. Industry, persistence. own people think of popular education as if it were only veracity in word and act, gentleness and disinterested- a protection against dangerous superstitions, or a measure ness should be made to thrive and blossom during school of police, or a means of increasing the national productive- life in the hearts of the children who bring these virtues ness in the arts and trades. Our generation may, therefore, from their homes well started, and should be planted and be excused if it has but an incomplete vision of the goal tended in the less fortunate children. Furthermore, the of education in a democracy. pupils should be taught that what is virtue in one human I proceed to describe briefly the main elements of in- being is virtue in any group of human beings, large or struction and discipline in a democratic school. As soon small-a village, a city or a nation ; that the ethical prin- as the easy use of what I have called the tools of educa- tion is acquired, and even while this familiarity is being ciples which should govern an empire are precisely the same as those which should govern an individual; and that gained, the capacities for productiveness and enjoyment selfishness, greed, falseness, brutality, and ferocity are as should begin to be trained through the progressive acqui- hateful and degrading in a multitude as they are in a single sition of an elementary knowledge of the external world. savage. The democratic school should begin early in the very The education thus outlined is what I think should be first grades-the study of nature ; and all its teachers meant by democratic education. It exists to-day only should, therefore, be capable of teaching the elements of among the most intelligent people, or in places singularly physical geography, meteorology, botany and zoology, the fortunate in regard to the organization of their schools ; whole forming in the child's mind one harmonious sketch but though it be the somewhat distant ideal of democratic of its complex environment. This is a function of the education, it is by no means an unattainable ideal. It is primary-school teacher which our fathers never thought the reasonable aim of the public school in a thoughtful of, but which every passing year brings out more and more and ambitious democracy. It, of course, demands a kind clearly as a prime function of every instructor of little of teacher much above the elementary school teacher of children. Somewhat later in the child's progress toward the present day, and it also requires a larger expendi- maturity the great sciences of chemistry and physics will ture upon the public school than is at all customary as find place in its course of systematic training. From the yet in this country. But that better kind of teacher and seventh or eighth year, according to the quality and that larger expenditure are imperatively called for, if dem- capacity of the child, plane and solid geometry, the science ccratic institutions are to prosper, and to promote con- of form, should find a place among the school studies , tinuously the real welfare of the mass of the and some shares of the child's attention that great sub- (Continued on page 5.) 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION FEW WILL MISS THEE . BULLETIN Few will miss thee, friend, when thou for a month in dust hast lain. Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, Skillful hand and anxious brow ; Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, December 23, 1901. Tongue of wisdom, busy brain- All thou wert shall be forgot, THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the And thy place shall know thee not. year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of April and December, by the Chicago Teachers' Federation. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single copies , Five Cents. Shadows from the bending trees ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received by Tuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. O'er thy lowly head may pass, ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to Sighs from every wandering breeze the order of the Federation Bulletin. Stir the long, thick churchyard grass- THE EDITOR , Wilt thou heed them ? No ; thy sleep 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO . Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. Shall be dreamless, calm and deep. Some sweet bird may sit and sing WOMEN DO NOT WANT TO VOTE . On the marble of thy tomb, Soon to flit on joyous wing I have before me six editorials bearing upon From that place of death and gloom , woman suffrage that have just arrived through the On somebough to warble clear, mail, and every one of them assumes, as an excuse But these songs thou shalt not hear. for denying women their citizen's right to the ballot, that women do not want to vote. Even editors who Some kind voice may sing thy praise, claim to believe in the justice of it make this ex- Passing near thy place of rest, cuse. Fondly talk of "other days," Pray, what would you have we women do to But no throb within thy breast prove that we wanted the ballot ? You will not let Shall respond to words of praise us vote in order to prove it, except in four states, Or old thoughts of "other days." and in those states the women have certainly shown that they want to vote by actually doing so year Since so fleeting is thy name, after year in as great a proportion, and sometimes Talent, beauty, power and wit, greater, than the men. If you do not believe these It were well that without shame women care for the ballot just try to take it from Thou in God's great book were writ, them and see what will be the result. There in golden words to be We have presented more petitions to our legis- Graven for eternity. lative bodies asking for the ballot than have ever been presented upon any other subject in the history THE BOSS POLITICIANS CANNOT MANIPU- of our nation. At the time of the last constitutional convention in LATE THE WOMEN VOTERS . New York state the women secured petitions from At the recent convention of the joint committees 600,000 citizens, 21 years of age and above, asking of the Women's Republican Clubs of Colorado the that a woman suffrage amendment be submitted to president of the State League said some significant the voters, but the convention refused to submit it. things and one of them was this : "We must not This was the only amendment asked for by any large work under the direction of men. We will work number of citizens. with them, welcome their advice, but we must work Before the women obtained this mammoth peti- under women and only good women." The "ma- tion the editor of the New York Sun said : " If the chine" politicians cannot be expected to favor equal women secure 100,000 names the convention will be suffrage when women talk like that, or like the obliged to submit the amendment," still they refused Democratic Women's Club who said : " We must to submit it after the women had secured six times have our own money and be independent of profes- that number of names. sional politicians." Pretty soon we will be favored Last year almost every organization of women in with another batch of anonymous opinions from the state of Illinois united on a suffrage bill and sent "prominent" men declaring that woman suffrage in their delegates to the legislature to prove that the Colorado is a failure.-Ida Husted Harper in New women did want to vote, but it was lost just the York Sun. same. The same is true of nearly every state where women have made the attempt to secure some form Employment and hardships prevent melancholy.- of suffrage. Johnson. In view of all these facts, I think it about time Happiness is an equivalent for all troublesome that " women do not want to vote" is relegated to the things. Epictetus. past to keep company with all the other false prophe- He is great who is what he is from nature, and cies about women that have done duty in the past. who never reminds us of others. -Emerson. We know it is about all there is left for the oppo- We hear the rain fall, but not the snow. Bitter sition and they will cling to it as a drowning man grief is loud, calm grief is silent.-Auerbach. does to his last and only hope. Genius is the father of a heavenly line, but the We all know this is not the true reason why men mortal mother, that is industry.-Theodore Parker. do not give women the ballot, and we also know that Thoughtlessness is never an excuse for wrong- those who control the votes are ashamed to give the doing. Our hasty actions disclose, as does nothing true reason . ELNORA MONROE BABCоск. else, our habitual feelings. -W. T. Taylor. CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 5 THE FUNCTION OF EDUCATION IN DEMOCRATIC activity they will not afford the means of discovering the SOCIETY. individual gifts and tendencies of the pupils. As an outcome of successful democratic education, cer- (Continued from page 3.) tain habits of thought should be well established in the minds of all the children before any of them are people. The standard of education should not be set at ebliged to leave school in order to help in the support the now attained or the now attainable. It is the privilege of the family. In some small field each child should ac- of public education to press toward a mark remote. quire a capacity for exact observation, and as a natural re- From the total training during childhood there should sult of this acquirement it should come to admire and result in the child a taste for interesting and improving respect exact observation in all fields. Again, in some reading, which should direct and inspire its subsequent small field, it should acquire the capacity for exact de- intellectual life. That schooling which results in this scription, and a respect for exact description in all fields. taste for good reading, however unsystematic or eccentric And, lastly, it should attain, within the limited range of the schooling may have been, has achieved a main end its experience and observation, the power to draw a justly of elementary education ; and that schooling which does limited inference from observed facts. I need not say not result in implanting this permanent taste has failed. that this power of just inference is an admirable one, Guided and animated by this impulse to acquire knowledge which many adults never attain as the combined and exercise his imagination through reading, the indi- result of their education in childhood and their experience vidual will continue to educate himself all through life. in after life. Yet democratic institutions will not be safe . Without that deep-rooted impulsion he will soon cease to until a great majority of the population can be trusted draw on the accumulated wisdom of the past and the new not only to observe accurately and state precisely the re- resources of the present, and, as he grows older, he will sults of observation, but also to draw just inferences from live in a mental atmosphere which is always growing thin- those results. The masses of the people will always be ner and emptier. Do we not all know many people who liable to dangerous delusions so long as their schools fail seem to live in a mental vacuum-to whom, indeed, we to teach the difference between a true cause and an event have great difficulty in attributing immortality, because they preceding or*accompanying a* supposed effect.* apparently have so little life except that of the body ? * * * * Fifteen minutes a day of good reading would have given Any one who has attained to the capacity for exact any one of this multitude a really human life. The up- observation and exact description, and knows what it is ifting of the democratic masses depends on this im- to draw a correct inference from well determined premises, pianting at school of the taste for good reading. will naturally acquire a respect for these powers when ex- Another important function of the public school in a hibited by others in fields unknown to him. Moreover, democracy is the discovery and development of the gift any one who has learned how hard it is to determine a fact, or capacity of each individual child. This discovery should to state it accurately, and to draw from it the justly lim- be made at the earliest practicable age, and, once made, ited inference, will be sure that he himself cannot do should always influence, and sometimes determine, the ed- these things, except in a very limited field. He will know ucation of the individual. It is for the interest of society that his own personal activity must be limited to a few to make the most of every useful gift or faculty which subjects , if his capacity is to be really excellent in any. any member may fortunately possess; and it is one of He will be sure that the too common belief that a Yankee the main advantages of fluent and mobile democratic so- can turn his hand to anything is a mischievous delusion . 1 ciety that it is more likely than any other society to secure Having, as the result of his education, some vision of the the fruition of individual capacities. To make the most great range of knowledge and capacity needed in the busi- of any individual's peculiar power, it is important to dis- ness world, he will respect the trained capacities which he cover it early, and then train it continuously and assidu- sees developed in great diversity in other people. In short, ously. It is wonderful what apparently small personal he will come to respect and confide in the expert in every gifts may become the means of conspicuous service or field of human activity. Confidence in experts, and will- achievement, if only they get discovered, trained and ap- ingness to employ them and abide by their decisions, are plied. A quick eye for shades of color enables a black- among the best signs of intelligence in an educated indi- smith to earn double wages in sharpening drills for quar- vidual or an educated community ; and in any democracy rymen. A delicate sense of touch makes the fortune of a which is to thrive, this respect and confidence must be wool-buyer. An extraordinary perceptive forefinger gives felt strongly by the majority of the population. * * * * * * * a surgeon the advantage over all his competitors. A fine voice, with good elocution and a strong memory for faces The next function of education in a democracy should and parliamentary rules, may give striking political suc- be the firm planting in every child's mind of certain great cess to a man otherwise not remarkable. In the ideal truths which lie at the foundation of the democratic social democratic school no two children would follow the same theory. The first of these truths is the intimate depen- course of study or have the same tasks, except that they dence of each human individual on a multitude of other would all need to learn the use of the elementary tools of individuals, not in infancy alone, but at every moment of education-reading, writing and ciphering. The different life-a dependence which increases with civilization and children would hardly have any identical needs. There with the development of urban life. This sense of mutual might be a minimum standard of attainment in every dependence among multitudes of human beings can be branch of study, but no maximum. The perception or dis- brought home to children during school life so clearly and covery of the individual gift or capacity would often be strongly that they will never lose it. By merely teaching effected in the elementary school, but more generally in the children whence come their food, drink, clothing, and secondary ; and the making of these discoveries should be means of getting light and heat, and how these materials held one of the most important parts of the teacher's are supplied through the labors of many individuals of work. The vague desire for equality in a democracy has many races scattered all over the world, the school may worked great mischief in democratic schools. There is no illustrate and enforce this doctrine of intricate interde- such thing as equality of gifts, or powers, or faculties, pendence, which really underlies modern democracy-a among either children or adults. On the contrary, there doctrine never more clearly expressed than in these two is the utmost diversity; and education and all the ex- Christian sentences : " No man liveth to himself," and "We perience of life increase these diversities because school, are every one members one of another." The dependence and the earning of a livelihood, and the reaction of the in- of every family, and indeed every person, on the habitual dividual upon his surroundings, all tend strongly to mag- fidelity of mechanics, purveyors, railroad servants, cooks, nify innate diversities. The pretended democratic school and nurses can easily be brought home to children. An- with an inflexible program is fighting not only against other mode of implanting this sentiment is to trace in nature, but against the interests of democratic society. history the obligations of the present generation to many Flexibility of program should begin in the elementary former generations. These obligations can be easily pointed schooi , years before the period of secondary education is out in things material, such as highways, waterworks , reached. There should be some choice of subjects of fences, houses, and barns, and, in New England, at least, study by ten years of age, and much variety by fifteen the stone walls and piles of stone gathered from the arable years of age. On the other hand, the programs of ele- fields by the patient labor of predecessors on the family mentary as well as of secondary schools should represent farm. But it may also be exhibited to the pupils of sec- fairly the chief divisions of knowledge, namely, language ondary schools, and, in some measure, to the pupils of and literature, mathematics, natural science, and history, besides drawing, manual work, and music. If school pro- elementary schools, in the burdens and sufferings which grams fail to represent the main varieties of intellectual former generations have borne for the establishment of freedom of conscience and of speech, and of toleration in 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. religion, and for the development of the institutions of ideals of freedom, serviceableness, unity, toleration, pub- public justice. Of course history is full of examples of the lic justice, and public joyfulness. The children should violation of this fundamental democratic doctrine of mu- Gearn that the democratic nobility exists, and must exist tual help. Indeed, history, as commonly written, consists if democracy is to produce the highest types of character ; chiefly in the story of hideous violations of this principle, but that it will consist only of men and women of noble such as wars and oppressions, and the selfish struggle of character, produced under democratic conditions by the class against class , church against church, and nation combined influences of fine inherited qualities, careful ed- against nation. But these violations, with the awful suf- ucation, and rich experience. They should learn to admire ferings that follow from them, may be made to point poin and and respect persons of this quality, and to support them, emphasize the truth of the fundamental doctrine ; and on occasion, in preference to the ignoble. They should unless the teaching of history in our public schools does learn that mere wealth has no passport to the democratic this, it were better that the subject should not be taught nebility, and that membership in it can be transmitted to at all. children only through the transmission of the sound men- Democratic education should also inculcate on every tal and moral qualities which are its sole warrant. This child the essential unity of a democratic community, in membership should be the rightful ambition of parents for spite of the endless diversities of function, capacity, and their children, and of children for their future selves. achievement among the individuals who compose the Every person of the true quality, no matter what his sta- community. This is a doctrine kindred with that just tien or vocation, is admitted of right to this simple demo- mentioned, but not identical. It is a doctrine essential to cratic nobility, which home, church and school unite in re- diffused democratic contentment and self respect, but ma- cruiting; and there are, consequently, more real nobles terially different from the ordinary conception of equal- under the democratic form of government than under any ity of condition as a result of democracy ; for unity is at- other educational reform.-Educational Reform . tainable, while equality of condition is unnatural and un- attainable. The freedom and social mobility which char- ANNOUNCEMENTS . acterizes the democratic state permit, and indeed bring about, striking inequalities of condition ; and if the sur- face of democratic society should be leveled off any day, The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teach- inequalities would reappear on the morrow, unless indi- ers' Federation will meet Monday, April 11 , at vidual freedom and social mobility should be destroyed. The children of a democratic society should, therefore, be 4 p. m., in Room 437, Unity Bldg. taught at school, with the utmost explicitness, and with JOSEPHINE NICHOLS, vivid illustrations, that inequalities of condition are a Cor. Secretary, necessary result of freedom; but that through all ine- 341 8. Forty- third Ave. qualities should flow the constant sense of essential unity in aim and spirit. This unity in freedom is the social CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION. goal of democracy, the supreme good of all ranks of so- ciety, of the highest no less than of the lowest. The adjourned session of the annual meeting will Another ethical principle which a democracy should be held Saturday, April 2, 1904, in Oriental Hall, teach to all its children is the familiar Christian doctrine that service rendered to others is the surest source of 17th floor Masonic Temple, at 10:30 a. m. Special one's own satisfaction and happiness. This doctrine is a order of business : Installation of officers for the tap-root of private happiness among all classes and con- ensuing year, reports of officers and amendments ditions of men ; but in a democracy it is important to pub- to the constitution. lic happiness and well-being. In a democracy the public Josephine Nichols, Cor . Sec . functionary is not a master, but a trusted servant. By ex- cellence of service he earns not only a pecuniary con- Louie L. Kilbourn, Pres . sideration, but also respect and gratitude. This statement applies just as well to a letter-carrier, a fireman, or a The Chicago Teachers' Club will give a luncheon village selectman , as it does to a high-school teacher, a Saturday, April 9, I p. m., at the rooms of the judge, or a governor. Democracy applies literally the pre- Business Woman's Club, 228 South Clark street . cept, " If any man would be great among you, let him be your servant. " The quality of this faithful service and its Miss Kate S. Kellogg, principal of the Lewis- rewards should be carefully taught in school to all chil- Champlin school, will address the club on " School dren of a democracy. The children should learn that the desire to be of great public service is the highest of all Relationships." ambitions ; and they should be shown in biography and in Plates, 35 cents. Admission to non-members, 15 history how the men and women who, as martyrs, teachers, cents. Special order of business, nomination of inventors , legislators, and judges, have rendered great officers. MARY E. REYNOLDS , service, have thereby won endearing gratitude and honor. EMILY A. HAYWARD , Cor. Sec. President . Since it is a fundamental object of a democracy to pro- mote the happiness and well-being of the masses of the popu- lation, the democratic school should explicitly teach children to see and utilize the means of happiness which lie about IF I CAN SUCCEED them in the beauties and splendors of nature. The school in making clear to you what is meant by LOANS BY should be a vehicle of daily enjoyment, and the teacher should be to the child a minister of joy. Democratic so- CORRESPONDENCE you will never borrow on any ciety has already learned how to provide itself at least, other plan. Address E. B. , Federation Bulletin, 437 Unity Bldg . in the more intelligent communities-with open grounds By permission Igive this paper as my referencs. in cities, and parks in suburbs, and has in these ways be- gun to provide directly for the wholesome pleasures of the population. It should be a recognized function of the dem- ocratic school to teach the children and their parents how Only the deaf and dumb to utilize all accessible means of innocent enjoyment. Finally, the democratic school must teach its children fail to appreciate the what the democratic nobility is. The well-trained child will read in history and poetry about patricians, nobles , aristocrats, princes, kings, and emperors, some of them TELEPHONE truiy noble, but many vile; and he will also read with admiring sympathy of the loyalty and devotion which now- a- days . through all the centuries have been felt by generous men and women of humbler condition toward those of higher . He will see what immense virtues these personal loyalties Business Residence& 5 Cents and per day up. have developed, even when the objects of loyalty have been unworthy; and he will ask himself, "What are to be the corresponding virtues in a democracy ? " The answer is CHICAGO TELEPHONE CO . Fidelity to all forms of duty which demand courage, self- 203 Washington Street. denial, and zeal, and loyal devotion to the democratic CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 7 FEDERAL The First TRUST & SAVINGS National $2,000,000 CAPITAL BANK SURPLUS $500,000 A Banking, Savings and Trust Company Bank business transacted. We invite interviews or correspondence from individuals, firms or corporations contemplating making changes or opening is now new accounts . OFFICERS. DIRECTORS. located in its Thomas P. Phillips, E. H. Gary, Chairman, President. Charles Deering, Nathan G. Moore, W. J. Chalmers. new office , Vice President and Alfred H. Mulliken. Counsel. C. B. Shedd. Charles S. Castle, A. E. Musbaum. Cashier. T. P. Phillips . F. J. Scheidenhelm, Norman B. Ream . Nathan G. Moore. 119 Asst. Cashier. Edwin L. Wagner, Asst. Cashier. Irving J. Shuart, E. J. Buffington. D. W. Burrows . W. E. Phillips. Secretary. J. N. Vance. Monroe St. N. E. Cor. La Salle and Adams Streets . RETT EVERANOS THE ARE YOU AWARE THAT NORTH AMERICAN The REVIEW JOHN CHURCH CO. HB most notable literary eventofthe 260 WABASH AVE. THE year 1904 will be the serial publi cation in THE NORTH AMERICAN Allow REVIEW of a new novel, "The Son of Royal Langbrith," by William Dean Special Discounts Howells,beginningintheJanuarynumber to School Teachers? 50 cents a copy; $5.00 ayear WriteDept. "5" ferCatalogues, Prices, Terms, Eto. The North American Review, HARVARNOS FRANKLIN SQUARE, N. Y. 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . THE FAIR , Chicago New Spring Suit, 12.75 One of the new Etons with a strikingly pretty neck effect which consists of a plain short-scalloped band, tastefully ornamented with buttons. Novelty braid with glint of scarlet gives a suggestion of the military suit. Has graduated panel waist front; 3 box plaits, extending half way down the 12.75 sleeves , end prettily in a puff. Fine quality of etamine cheviot, in black, blue and the popular golden brown, 12.75 . Others at the same price, in the new short jacket style, tucked and trimmed with taffeta silk, fancy braid and novelty buttons; some plaited. They're made of imported men's suitings, in black, blue and brown, 12.75 . Lot 1 comprises short and long coats, fine $35 Winter Jackets, 7.95-The sea- satin lined,odds ity kersey, made&ofexcellent ends of lastqual- sea- 7.95 son's best styles, too, and just the thing for son's selling. Have been selling regularly the remaining cold days of this winter . up to as high as $35, your choice at 7.95. Will be acceptable neat winter, when the Lot 2 includes many of the short winter | samegarment would cost you many times the and black and castor, a splendid assortment $2 embraceour entire stockofwom 7.95 and have been selling up to $10. You can't en's winter coats, divided into afford to miss this sale; your choice, $2.|| two lots, priced at 7.95 and $2 respectively. Let us help you save Democracy and Social Ethics 1. We give you the free use of a handsome nickel - plated steel savings bank. We keep the key. By JANE ADDAMS 2. We are open Monday even- ings 5:30 to 8, besides usual Head of "Hull House," Chi- hours. cago; joint author of "Philan- thropy and Social Progress." 3. We pay 3% interest, com- pounded twice a year. 4. We invite small deposits. Miss Addams' Settlement Work is known to all who are interested in social amelioration and municipal conditions . As the title of her book Royal Trust Company shows, it will be occupied with the reciprocal Bank. relations of ethical progress and the growth of Royal Insurance Building, democratic thought, sentiment and institutions . 169 Jackson Boulevard, A State Bank. Established 1891 . 1.28 NET. Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin 100 Vol. 3. CHICAGO, APRIL 8, 1904. No. 19. THE VOTE ON THE “ LITTLE BALLOT . " question asked that the city council proceed immedi- Election of the Board of Education . ately under the powers conferred by the Mueller law and acquire ownership of the street railways. The Margaret A. Haley. vote on this proposition was 120,744 for, 50,893 For an elective Board of Education ........ 115.553 against. The third proposition asked that the city Against 58,432 council proceed at once to license the street rail- "Should the Board of Education be elected by the ways instead of granting franchises until municipal people ?" was the fourth question on the "Little ownership can be secured. The vote on this propo- Ballot" at the election Tuesday ( April 5 ) , and it sition was 120,181 for, 48,156 against. Carried out, received 115,553 affirmative votes, 58,432 negative. the effect of this would be to put the street railways or two to one in favor of the proposition. Except on the same basis as cabs and other vehicles, that in the 25th, it carried in every ward in the city; it is, they would be licensed at a fixed rate per car per lost by 63 votes in the 25th. It received a majority year as cabs are, the licenses to be revocable at the of the total votes cast at the election. will of the council. Such a license ordinance was An act of the legislature is necessary to make the in effect in 1878 and was repealed by the twenty- change from appointment by the mayor to the elec- year franchise ordinance granted the street railway tion by the people. At the last session of the legis- companies in 1883, when the elder Carter Harrison lature, Mr. William Rossell, a member of the legis- was mayor . lative committee of the Chicago Federation of La- bor, speaking before the Senate Committee on Edu- JUDGE LIKES “ LITTLE BALLOT . " cation, urged the passage of a pending bill pro- viding for the election of the Chicago Board of E. F. Dunne Declares in Favor of All the Four Propo- sitions Submitted to Voters . Education to take the place of the pending educa- tional bills of the Civic Federation and the Board Judge E. F. Dunne yesterday declared himself in of Education. favor of all of the four propositions on the " Little A member of the Senate committee, a Chicago Ballot" to be presented to-day to the voters of Chi- man, said there was no demand in Chicago for such cago. The adoption of the Mueller law and its im- a bill , and Mr. Rossell declared there was. Atthis mediate application he held to be "sound business, " point another member of the Senate committee , not saying the city is as well prepared to undertake the financing of the traction interests now as it will be a Chicago man, said it was difficult for the members of the legislature, a majority of whom live outside a century later. The judge also said he would of Chicago, to know what school legislation the mark his ballot "yes" opposite the query as to the Chicago people really wanted, because of the con- election of school trustees by popular vote. The flicting claims of the different individuals and or- board of education, he declared, should be kept ganizations professing to represent the sentiment above "low ward politics," but he believed there of the Chicago people. He added that if those who had been so much mismanagement that a change wanted an elected board would come before the was needed. legislature with a petition or some other satisfactory (The Chicago Tribune of Monday, April 4, in assurance that the people of Chicago wanted an in reporting the speech of Judge Edward F. Dunne elected board of education the legislature would at Tattersall's Sunday, said the jurist was opposed grant it. to the proposition to elect the Board of Education . We print elsewhere in this issue the statement The above clipping is from the Tribune of April 5. ) issued by the Chicago Federation of Labor on "The Schools and the Streets." several thousand copies PROTEST AGAINST OPENING IROQUOIS THE- ATER . of which were circulated during the campaign ; also the letter sent to each teacher by the special com- The Chicago Teachers' Federation, at a meeting mittee on education of the Chicago Federation of Saturday, April 2nd, protested against the reopen- Labor. ing of the Iroquois Theater as a place of amuse- The other questions on the " Little Ballot" were ment. In view of the fact that so many teachers the adoption of the Mueller law, the municipal own- and pupils were lost in the awful fire of December ership enabling act passed by the last legislature, 30. the teachers feel that to use the theater again enabling cities to own and operate its street rail- would be a disrespect to those who were lost. A ways, but which is not operative in any city till motion was made that the protest be sent to the adopted by vote of the people. The vote on this mayor, the city council and to the owners of the question was 152,434-against 30,104. Second Iroquois Theater, 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . MUS INE LET THE OU ICI VOTE FOR ME LITTLE HM THE BALLOT N SHIK APRIL 5. PEOPLE The Little Ballot. Not the Tax-Dodging Corporations The Referendum . Control PUT AN THE SCHOOLS AND End to Boodling. うう THE STREETS. The Schools and the Streets WHAT CHICAGO GIVES: TO TAX DODGING 1 A gift of ten million dollars a year in the free use of the public streets. CORPORATIONS . } TO HER CHILDREN . Half-day schooling; overcrowded, unsanitary school rooms; factory system of education. TO HER TEACHERS . } Overwork in overcrowded, unsanitary school rooms, decreased pay. A FEW FACTS . Teachers' Salaries Cut.-The Board of Education in 1900, cut the teachers' salaries in the middle of the year and closed the schools for a week at the teachers' expense. The reason given was lack of money. The teachers went into the courts and compelled the corporations using the public streets, to pay a share of their lawful taxes on the value of these privileges in the streets, that is their franchises. Corporations Dodge Taxes. For more than twenty years these corporations had been UNLAWFULLY escaping this tax. The decision of the Illinois Supreme Court in the " Teachers' Tax Case" established the fact that THESE FRANCHISE RIGHTS IN THE CHICAGO STREETS ARE WORTH TWO HUNDRED MILLION DOLLARS to the Street Railway, Gas, Electric Light and Telephone Companies . That is, the people of Chicago make a free gift to these five companies of TEN MILLION DOLLARS a year in overpaid carefares, gas bills, electric light and telephone charges. Teachers Compel Corporations to Pay Taxes.-Every year since 1900 these five companies have paid more than half a million dollars of taxes on these franchises. When the teachers began their tax work NOT ONE DOLLAR of this tax was paid. In 1902 One Million Two Hundred Thousand Dollars was paid into the public treasury by these five companies. $600,000 of this was back-tax money for the year 1900, the year in which the teachers' salaries were cut. But for Judge Grosscup's injunction interfering with the order of the Illinois Supreme Court this sum would have been Two Million Dollars instead of $600,000 . CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 3 Teachers ' Cut Not Restored .-When this back-tax money for 1900 was received the City Council paid the firemen the month's salary they lost in 1900. At the same time the Board of Education voted to spend its share of this 1900 back-tax money $249,000-to pay coal bills, clean school houses, and for other expenses of the year 1902. Not one dollar was voted to restore to the teachers the cut made in their salaries in 1900. Every dollar of this money was secured through the teachers' efforts and entirely at the teachers' expense. The teachers again went into the Courts, and in July, 1902, secured an injunction from Judge Tuley against the Board of Education. After nearly two years' delay and some twenty postponements the case was heard by Judge Dunne a few days ago, but no decision has yet been reached. In defending this suit the Board of Education took the position that it has the right to cut the teachers' salaries as it sees fit, in the middle of the year, and discharge any teacher at any time with or without cause. The Board of Education consists of twenty-one members appointed by the Mayor. Last July when seven new members were to be appointed the Chicago Federation of Labor asked to have five of these seven selected from the ranks of Labor. Following are the names and occupations of the seven new members appointed last July. John C. Fetzer, manager McCormick Graham H. Harris, lawyer and son- Edwin F. Rowland, president Row- Estate (recently appointed by Judge in-law of late president of Chicago land & Pfaff Co. (reappointed). Grosscup receiver for Chicago Union Union Traction Company (reappointed) . Edward Tilden, superintendent Lib- Traction Co. ) E. C. Dudley, physician (reappointed). by, McNeil & Libby (reappointed). Michael Shields , candy manufacturer. P. Shelley O'Ryan, lawyer. THE REMAINING FOURTEEN MEMBERS ARE Clayton Mark, president Malleable Chas. A. Plamondon, president Thos. Brenan, superintendent Cal- Iron Works. Plamondon Mfg. Co. vary Cemetery. Joseph Downey, contractor and build- Geo. W. Claussenius, agent steamship er and director of Chicago Union Trac- Jas. A. Chvatal, physician. tionCo. company. Henry Hartung, physician. John F. Wolf, vice-president Wolf Ole A. Thorp, exporter. Plumbing Co. Wladislaw A. Kuflewski , physician. Mrs. Isabelle O'Keeffe, wife of lawyer. D. R. Cameron, president Cameron, Jos. Stolz, Jewish Rabbi. Amberg & Co. Geo. J. Thompson, cigarmaker. The fourth question on the " Little Ballot, " April 5th is- Should the Chicago Board of Education be Elected by the People? Below are the four questions on the "Little Ballot" to be voted April 5th and the vote on same as recommended by the Chicago Federation of Labor. THE LITTLE BALLOT. 1. For the adoption of the Mueller Law .................... ......... ES. 2. Shall the City Council, upon the adoption of the Mueller Law proceed without delay to acquire ownership of the Street Railways under the powers conferred by the Mueller law? .... } YES. X 3. Shall the City Council, instead of granting any franchise , proceed at once, under the City's Police Powers and other existing laws, TO LICENCE THE STREET YES . RAILWAY COMPANIES UNTIL MUNICIPAL OWNERSHIP CAN BE SE- CURED , and compel them to give satisfactory service? ... ... Should the Chicago Board of Education be elected by the people? ................... YES. X Statement of Special Committee on Schools of the Chicago Federation of Labor. Prepared and printed by order of Chicago Federation of Labor. For additional copies of this statement address JOHN C. HARDING, 227 Garden City Block. READ AND PASS ON TO OTHER VOTERS . 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION gaiters because they are in style, for snowshoes on skiis in midwinter mountain climbing. BULLETIN If Chicago educates her children to meet their re- Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, sponsibilities, if she keeps in mind her Lincoln and Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, her Grant as well as her emergencies, she will be the December 23, 1901 . noblest American city. But this cannot be done by THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the those whose vision is limited by tradition, whose pro- year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of April and December, by the Chicago Teachers ' Federation. fessional development is arrested, whose principles THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single copies , Five Cents. are academic, who would sooner see the Chicago ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received schools mummified in the good, old- fashioned way by Tuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to than to see them aglow with life by means and the order of the Federation Bulletin. methods not approved by duly accredited leaders of THE EDITOR , professional thought. 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO . Chicago schools must be distinctly adapted to her Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. own needs as a giant metropolis in which is throb- ing a new life with more power, spirit, and ambition CHICAGO PROBLEMS.--- (V . ) than any other two million people on earth, with less homogeneousness , more suspicions, and less pa- Chicago's opportunities, responsibilities, and prob- tience than any other equal number of persons in lems are her own, and all bear upon her great any one community on the globe. -Journal of Edu- promise. If she improves her opportunities, accepts cation, Boston, Mass . her responsibilities, and solves her problems she will be more to America and to humanity than any other CHICAGO FEDERATION OF LABOR. city can be. In view of all this, one can but ask why Colonel SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC SCHOOLS, Francis W. Parker was alienated from the great 155 East Washington Street , work, the glorious work that he had inspired ? Why Ella F. Young is no longer breathing her intense Chicago, April 1, 1904. personality into the public school system of Chicago ? To the Teachers of Chicago : Why Josephine C. Locke is no longer challenging Recognizing the efficient work of the teachers , the admiration of the world to the artistic flavor of not only as teachers but as citizens, and desirous of the schools ? Why Mr. Tomlins is apologizing for furthering the best interests of the children, the his musical intensity ? Why Mr. Speer is not kin- teachers and the public, the Chicago Federation of dling enthusiasm all along the line ? Labor, through its Special Committee on Schools, I grant that it is easy to give childish reasons for issues the enclosed statement urging the ELEC- the diverting of each from his mission, easy to give TION OF THE BOARD OF EDUCATION BY stupid reasons in each case, but the fact remains that THE PEOPLE . there was a time when Chicago had more of the A Board of Education nominated by petition and genius that thrills humanity with educational hope elected at large ( instead of by wards) at a special than all other American cities combined, and she has election held for the purpose, as the judges are now succeeded somehow in eliminating every force that elected, would secure a Board that would serve the promised most for humanity in that city. interests of the children and the people. Grant for the sake of argument that each specific reason was a good one and the sum total of such While public attention has been directed to the reasons is a gigantic confession of errors closely akin other questions of public policy to be voted on the to crime, for Chicago cannot meet her opportunities, " Little Ballot" next Tuesday, the question of the responsibilities, and problems by the rule of three. election of the Board of Education by the people is Or, to change the figure, "the world do move." being lost sight of. and while the theory that the earth stands still and Anything less than an overwhelming majority the sun runs around it daily may make a simpler vote on this question next Tuesday will be consid- machine, one more easily lubricated, it does not ered by the Legislature an endorsement by the peo- change the facts . Chicago is the one American city ple of Chicago of the present policy of the Board that ought to have the spirit of a Parker, a Mrs. of Education and will make it difficult, if not im- Young, a Miss Locke, a Mr. Tomlins , a Mr. Speer, possible, to secure needed legislation to protect the with all their disregard for traditions, kindling fires rights of the children, the teachers and the people. in pedagogy, in philosophy, in art, and in music. The teachers have an especial interest in this ques- Illinois gave the nation Abraham Lincoln and tion, since the Illinois law gives women the right to Ulysses S. Grant in the hour of her greatest need. vote for elected Boards of Education . Off the great prairie alone could have come the un- In the interest of the schools and the people, and conventional force, the untraditional poise and alert- in justice to yourselves, you are urged to aid the ness by which alone the Union could be saved. But efforts of the Chicago Federation of Labor by plac- in the third of a century since where have been her ing the enclosed statements in the hands of the candidates for the presidency, for political leader- voters . ship, for statesmanlike grandeur ? Why ? Is it be- Fraternally yours , cause she has perfected her political machine on the JOHN C. HARDING , same lines as New York and Pennsylvania ? Any Chairman Special Committee on Schools machine, any mechanical perfection in the glorious F. G. HOPP, Western freedom is like substituting patent leather Secretary . CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 5 THE LEFT- OVERS . ANNOUNCEMENTS . Scene-Banquet of the Social Union of Women Teachers of Wisconsin . CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION. Place-Milwaukee. Downer College. Note Change in Place of Meeting . Time-Tuesday, December 29th, 1903, at 5 o'clock. The regular meeting of the Chicago Teachers' Toastmistress-Miss L. E. Stearns , Milwaukee, Federation will be held Saturday, April 9th , 1904, Wis. in Oriental Hall, Masonic Temple, 17th floor, Speaker-Miss Josephine F. Murphy, Milwaukee, 10:30 a . m. Wis. Special Order of Business . Miss Stearns : Consideration of the following subjects as or- dered at last meeting : "The people people work with best 1. In addition to the actual work in the school Are often very queer ; room, what should be taken into consideration in The people people own by birth determining a teacher's efficiency ? Quite shock your first idea; 2. What should be the basis for promotion in the The people people choose for friends salary schedule ? Your common sense appall- LOUIS L. KILBOURN , But the people people marry are Pres. The queerest folk of all ! " "The left-overs, the have-beens, the are-nows, and SPECIAL NOTICE . the may-bes; for ' When Singleness Is Bliss, 'tis Note Change of Place of Meeting . Folly to Be Wives. " To this toast Miss Murphy will respond: The Chicago Teachers' Club will meet Saturday, April 9, 2:30 p. m., at 412 Masonic Temple. Ad- Miss Murphy : " The left-overs ! To this toast I mission to non-members, 15 cents. Special order have been asked to respond-being considered, I of business , Nomination of Officers. suppose, so noticeably striking a type of that class Miss Kate S. Kellogg, principal of the Lewis- suggested by the name. Do I say this with regret Champlin school, will give an address on " School or exultation ? I wonder. Relationships ." Musical program. EMILY A. HAYWOOD, "In a gathering composed mostly of members of Cor. Sec. my own profession I am sure to be addressing many MARY A. REYNOLDS , Pres . who, in the arithmetic of life have not found that 401 W. 64th St. one and one make one; but, having only the solitary figure to conjure with, have discovered, with the The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teach- true mathematical perception and logic belonging ers' Federation will meet Monday, April 11 , at always to the profession, that one and nothing make 4 p. m., in Room 437, Unity Bldg. JOSEPHINE NICHOLS , ten, thus raising the one, that solitary one, to a Cor. Secretary, higher order of units. Hence her content. 341 8. Forty- third Ave. "The evolution of the 'left-over,' that one of the higher order, has in many ways changed the eco- "Trust in thine own untried capacity nomic as well as the social world. For, from a poor, As thou wouldst trust in God Himself. Thy soul forlorn, dependent one receiving and expecting but Is but an emanation from the whole. the scantiest consideration, she has overcome con- tempt and prejudice-those hardest forces in life Thou dost not dream what forces lie in thee, to overcome-and by her own buoyant efforts won Vast and unfathomed as the grandest sea. success wherever in life she has entered the lists . Thy silent mind o'er diamond caves may roll, "In commercial, professional, artistic and social Go seek them-but let pilot will control Those passions which the favoring winds can be. life she has become so well known and universally acknowledged a force that she long ago ceased to be a novelty, and, sharing the fate of all novelties, No man shall place a limit on thy strength : Such triumphs as no mortal ever gained so well symbolized in our department stores, she has become but a remnant of life's tissue, called May yet be thine if thou will but believe In thy Creator and thyself. At length 'left-over' if you will ; but, like Matthew Arnold's Some feet will tread all heights now unattained-- ' saving remnant,' which as he says, 'in our life of Why not thine own ? Press on ; achieve, achieve ! " to-day where the scale of things is so large, may be increased so as to become an actual power, influ- encing the whole world and its future.' Calientes, a Nevada town of 2,000 inhabitants, has " So, with heart as cultivated as her mind, with just moved itself bodily a distance of seventy miles, future achievements bounded but by her ambition, so as to remain on a railroad. Certainly a typical serene in the certainty of secure dominion in all ave- case of Western "git up and git ! " nues of endeavor, you see her to-day: "Jabez is gettin' used to public speakin', ain't he ?" " In her heart the dew of youth, "Oh, yes. I remember when you could hardly On her lip the smile of truth , get him to stand up, an' now you kin hardly get him 'Left-over' though she be forsooth." to sit down."-Puck. 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. WHERE MARRIAGE IS A MISDEMEANOR. poses. Any of the school-ma'ams who are not giv- (From the New York Independent. ) ing a full equivalent for their salaries, but are in "Matrimony is an honorable estate"-except in part supported by public charity, ought to be dis- New York. "Commended among all men"-except charged without waiting till they are married, and any member of a school board who is guilty of school boards. The Prayer Book to be up-to-date must be revised in some such way as this. The ef- keeping such a teacher on the pay roll ought to be forts of the school authorities in Greater New York put in the penitentiary for misappropriation of pub- to stamp out matrimony among teachers are not lic money. Our children are so important that they altogether successful. The Court of Appeals has deserve the best teachers obtainable, and it ought not declared invalid the by-law forcing the resignation to make any difference whether a teacher is rich or of any teacher-that is, any woman teacher-who poor, married or single, Republican or Democrat, marries , and it has been discovered that it was not Methodist or Catholic, born in the town or imported from another state. From a theoretical standpoint it well enforced even when supposed to be legal. One would seem that the fact that a woman has been teacher in Astoria was found guilty of having been found lovable and attractive enough by some man married last vacation, and further detective work to be selected as his wife does not prove that she is led to the disclosure of another scandal in the same school : one of the most reputable teach- less suitable as a teacher than her colleagues, whose possession of these qualities has not been so evi- ers was proved to have been living in a state of mat- denced, and it is not self-evident why a woman who rimony for the last three years without discovery by has had children of her own is for that reason dis- the school authorities. Of course, both women were qualified for taking care of the children of others. discharged at once, but since it has been found im- possible to replace the latter of these two teachers, even at her salary of $1,040, she will be continuously Miss Mobile-Well, Martha, how is your husband hired to teach the same room as a substitute. We now ? would, however, warn the School Board that com- Martha-Po'ly, miss, po'ly. He's got that ex- clamatory rheumatism. pounding a felony makes one liable to its penalty, Miss Mobile-You mean inflammatory rheuma- and by this evasion of their own law they are vir- tually compounding a marriage. tism, Martha. Exclamatory is to cry out. While the school boards in many parts of our Martha (with solemn conviction)-That's it, country are forcing out the married teachers, the mum, that's it ! He don't do nothing but holler. French Government is trying to get a law passed prohibiting from teaching anyone who has taken Don't delay securing rooms for WORLD'S FAIR. We offer largest hotel right at gates; lowest rates; vows of celibacy. Now, why not arrange a system splendid service: Ry. terminals near by; Installments of international exchanges and make both sides or Cash. J, E. EDWARDS, Agent, happy ? Let the married teachers go to France and GRAND VIEW FRATERNAL HOTEL the celibates come to America. Or, perhaps better 701 Medinah Temple, Chicago. still, let the wise men who have authority over the Refer by permission to Cashier Corn Exchange National Bank . schools in the two countries get together and ar- gue the matter out before they carry out their op- posing plans of regulating the domestic affairs of LOANS TO TEACHERS those who are so unfortunate as to be in subjection to them. By a Teacher The argument of the French is that celibates are AT LIVE AND LET LIVE LOW RATES so abnormal in their lives, dispositions and status in "Wherewithal" and no tattling. society that they are not fit persons to serve as edu- L. A. care FEDERATION BULLETIN , 437 UNITY BUILDING cators. This seems somewhat plausible at least. The argument of the Americans is that if mar- ried a woman ought to be supported by her husband IF I CAN SUCCEED and not at the expense of the community. This also sounds well, but in making this plea they virtually in making clear to you what is meant by LOANS BY admit the worst charges that have been made against CORRESPONDENCE you will never borrow onany the managers of schools in the United States . They . otherplan. Address E. B. , Federation Bulletin, 437 UnityBldg have often been accused of disposing of the places By permission Igive this paper as my reference. under their control for the benefit of the teachers . not of the schools. The positions were patronage, spoils, to be divided among the victors in a political fight, or bestowed on the needy. We have all Only the deaf and dumb laughed at the country town (variously located) fail to appreciate the which elected a street loafer justice of the peace on the ground that he had to be supported by the town some way, and in this position something could be TELEPHONE got out of him in return. now-a- days . Now a Home for Incurable Old Maids is a wor- thy charity ; and in these days of municipal ex- pansion it would not be at all out of the way for a Business Residence& 5 Cents andup. per day city to provide for a few years light and agreeable occupation for nice young girls who have not yet CHICAGO TELEPHONE CO . found themselves, or a husband, but we object to 203 Washington Street. using the public schools for these philanthropic pur- CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 7 FEDERAL The First TRUST & SAVINGS National $2,000,000 CAPITAL BANK $500,000 SURPLUS A Banking, Savings and Trust Company Bank business transacted. We invite interviews or correspondence from individuals, firms or corporations contemplating making changes or opening is now new accounts . OFFICERS. DIRECTORS. located in its Thomas P. Phillips, President. E. H. Gary, Chairman, Charles Deering, Nathan G. Moore, W. J. Chalmers. new office , Vice President and Counsel. Alfred H. Mulliken . C. B. Shedd. Charles S. Castle, A. E. Musbaum. Cashier. T. P. Phillips. F. J. Scheidenhelm, Norman B. Ream . Asst. Cashier. Nathan G. Moore . 119 Edwin L. Wagner, Asst. Cashier. Irving J. Shuart, E. J. Buffington. D. W. Burrows. W. E. Phillips. Secretary. J. N. Vance. Monroe St. N. E. Cor. La Salle and Adams Streets . RETT EVERENOS THE ARE YOU AWARE THAT NORTH AMERICAN The REVIEW JOHN CHURCH CO. HB mostnotable literary eventofthe 260 WABASH AVE. THE year 1904 will be the serial publi cation in THE NORTH AMERICAN Allotu REVIEW of a new novel, "The Son of Royal Langbrith," by William Dean Special Discounts Howells,beginningintheJanuarynumber to School Teachers? 50 cents a copy; $5.00 ayear WriteDept. "8" for Catalogues, Prices, Terma, Eto. The North American Review, HARVARD FRANKLIN SQUARE, Ν. Υ. 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. "Follow the Flag" to the WABASH WORLD'S FAIR, ST. LOUIS THE WABASH Has fifteen tracks direct to the World's Fair grounds. Has its own terminal station at the main entrance. Will run trains every 2 minutes from Union Station, St. Louis, to the World's Fair grounds. Will be able to take care of private cars at the World's Fair terminals . Write for handsome, illustrated World's Fair Folder, containing colored maps of St. Louis and the World's Fair Grounds. C. S. CRANE , G. P. & T. A. TICKET OFFICE , F. A. PALMER , A. G. P. A. ST . LOUIS , MO . 97 Adams St., ' Phone Central 3046 CHICAGO , ILL. Let us help you save Democracy and Social Ethics 1. We give you the free use of a handsome nickel -plated steel savings bank. We keep the key. By JANE ADDAMS 2. We are open Monday even- ings 5:30 to 8, besides usual Head of " Hull House," Chi- hours. cago; joint author of "Philan- thropy and Social Progress." 3. We pay 3% interest, com . pounded twice a year. 4. We invite small deposits. MissAddams' Settlement Work is known to all who are interested in social amelioration and municipal conditions As the title of her book Royal Trust Company shows, it will be occupied with the reciprocal Bank, relations of ethical progress and the growth of Royal Insurance Building , democratic thought, sentiment and institutions . 169 Jackson Boulevard , A State Bank . Established 1891 . 1.2 NET. Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin 100 Vol. 3 . CHICAGO , APRIL 15, 1904. No. 20.. SCHOOL RELATIONSHIPS. enforced by the mandates of principals and superintendents, is law. Kate Starr Kellogg. Verily one does not "gather grapes of thorns , nor figs Principal Lewis-Champlain School. of thistles," neither can one evolve a democracy from lives in which every free spontaneous action, every impulse (Paper read before Chicago Teachers ' Club, April 9, 1904. ) toward independent thought is stifled in its beginnings. School relationships is a broad subject and may be Ah ! but you say, all of this presupposes conditions m considered from many standpoints . which the teacher is free herself to free the children . Generally speaking the four great factors comprising I realize this. I feel only too keenly our present limita- the social structure are the home, the school, the church tions. I know what overcrowded rooms, and underpaid and the state. It is not my purpose in this brief paper to teachers mean. I understand the difficulties of trying "to discuss, in detail, the interdependence of these factors . make bricks without straw." And yet, now is the appointed Rather we will consider the possibilities of humanizing and hour. We cannot wait for conditions to come. We must making more pliable the ties that now bind each school commence where we stand to better those that now family together, while never losing sight of the fact exist. We can if we but have the vision of which I that a clear consciousness of the true place the school spoke. We must change our attitude toward many things . occupies in the great scheme of democracy, is the founda- Let us see, for a moment, if we must alter it toward tion of all vital, lifegiving school relationships. the child. Dealing with children in masses when instant From this consciousness will come the best and most and implicit obedience has been considered an economic enthusiastic work of the teacher. She will plan tlie necessity, a spirit of militarism has grown up that should child's life ofto-day upon broader lines of social service be modified in every possible way by the intelligent because of the inspiring hope the knowledge of a possible teacher who sees the inevitable result of it upon character. perfect to-morrow gives . What is the value of this much lauded obedience ? Let No duty will seem trivial to her when she perceives me read from a book that I should like to see in the its significance as an act bearing upon and aiding the hands of every parent and teacher in the land, Mrs. Char- progress of humanity. The econcinic and educational read- lotte Perkins Gilman, Concerning Children: " The rear- justment that is now taking place, with a rapidity that is ing of children is the most important work, and it is here almost inconceivable, is the outcome of a deep perception contended that, in this great educational process, obedience that the body politic has been so ligated and separated as a main factor, has a bad effect on the growing mind. A that there is no healthful circulation throughout its vital child is a human creature. He should be reared with a parts. view to his developinent and behavior as an adult, not The school especially has maintained a separate existence solely with a view to his behavior as a child. He is tem- until it has largely atrophied. porarily a child, far more permanently a man ; and it is Teaching should not be dry and dusty routine work from the man we are training. The work of ' parenthood' is not which both wearied teacher and child gladly escape. only to guard and nourish the young, but to develop the That it is laregly so, proves that we have been living qualities needed in the mature . life in patches and not as a whole thing. "Obedience is defended, first, as being necessary to the If it be true that nations perish because of no vision. protection protection of the child, and, second, as developing desirable it is equally true of the school. First of all then a school qualities in the adult. But the child can be far better should be dominated by a high and noble ideal of a protected by removing all danger, which our present civi- pure democracy, toward the concreting of which in terms lization is quite competent to do ; and 'the habit of of actual service, every conscious act of the school life obedience' develops very undesirable qualities. On what should be directed. characteristics does our human pre-eminence rest ? On This ideal, awake and astir in the souls of all included our breadth and accuracy of judgment and force of will . within the school walls, would of necessity reshape most Because we can see widely and judge wisely, because we of the crystallized ideas that now obtain concerning the have power to do what we see to be right, therefore we are positions and natural relations of principals, teachers , the dominant species in the animal kingdom ; therefore pupils and janitors. we are consciously the children of God. This ideal, burning like a flame, would melt the tradi- "These qualities are lodged in individuals, and must tional barriers that now separate us and in its white light be exercised by individua's for the best human progress. reveal the life common to us all . If our method of advance were that one person alone Each school is a unit composed of many smaller units, should be wise and strong and all other persons prosperous the various classes or as we term them " rooms . " Each through a strict subservience to his commands, then , one of these is a world in itself, controlled ither by an indeed, we could do no better for our children than to train autocrat, or by a wise helper and unfolder of the life of them to obey. Judgment would be of no use to them if the chill. I know you will agree with me when I say they had to take another's ; will power wouldbe value- that the most successful teacher is the one who enables her less if they were never to exercise it. pupils to realize themselves-no matter how inadequately. But this is by no means the condition of human life. She who amid the dim and mysterious movements of More and more it is being recognized that progress lies in the ego, finds the clue to the little life, discovers its line 1 well developed average intelligence rather than in a of least resistance and starts the child upon its rightful wise despot and his stupid serfs. For every individual to road, accomplishes the most, both for herself and for have a good judgment and a strong will is far better for him. the community than for a few to have these qualities Most teachers believe in the principles of democracy as and the rest to follow them. applied to their relationship to those above them. Is it "The 'habit of obedience, forced upon the impressible the same toward the children under their care ? I am nature of a child, does not develop judgment and will, afraid not. and few are the schoo rooms- even in the but does develop that faculty in following other people's higher grades--where anything save the will of the teacher. judgment and other people's wills which tends to make 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETΙΝ . us a helpless mob, mere sheep, instead of wise, free, It takes so little to make children happy, they are so more strong individuals. The habit of submission to authority, than willing to meet us half way that we need but make the long, deeply impressed conviction that to 'be good' the suggestion and they respond. There are beautiful days is to 'give up,' that there is virtue in the act of surrender- that dawn upon special observances . Valentine Day with this is one of the sources from which we continually re- its joy of making and giving, its possibilities of interchange plenish human weakness, and fill the world with an inert of gifts has hardly disappeared when the Easter tide sets mass of mindless, will-less folk, pushed and pulled about the children merrily at work hunting for eggs in impos- by those whom they obey. sible places, or drifts them into moods of thoughtful quiet "Moreover, there is the opposite effect-the injurious under the mysterious spell of its white lilies. Nothing in reaction from obedience-almost as common and hurtful our school has ever had so ethical, so educational, so dem- as its full achievement ; namely, that fierce rebellious desire ocratizing an influence as the industrial exhibit which was to do exactly opposite of what one is told, which is nearer given last December. It was the inspiration of the teachers to calm judgment than the other. themselves, and, in its materialization it included every "In obeying another will or in resisting another will, soul in the institution. The janitor, the principal, the chil- nothing is gained in wisdom. A human creature is a self- dren, and many of the parents were its willing servants. governing intelligence, and the rich years of childhood All worked for the good of the whole. It was organized should be passed in the guarded and gradual exercise upon lines more human than academic and was open to of those powers." serious criticism from the savants. But, as a revealer of In the little world of the school room the child as life, a practical demonstration of the joy of service, it has a citizen is realizing himself both as an individual and as had no equal. Its tangible results in character, and money, a social being. are still with us. Some of its undisposed of products con- His individual rights, his individual opinions, within tinue to brighten our walls, while the new friendship reasonable limits, are to be patiently considered, while between teachers and pupils that grows out of more inti- his attention is to be steadily directed to the effect his mate and informal intercourse during the weeks of prep- individual action is having upon his immediate room aration form the most valuable part of its income. society. The educational and democratizing influence of the play- How to reconstruct his world with a living, mutually- ground cannot be overestimated. Here on common ground benefiting society is the problem that calls for the most the life of the entire school meets. No principal or teacher thoughtful and loving work of the teacher. I wonder gets a real insight into the life of the children who does if we realize how formal and unnatural the relations of not see and from the sympathetic standpoint at least, par- mest pupi's and teachers are ? A teacher meets her ticipate in their play. I must confess to a genuine envy oi pupils at some festival or picnic and under the impulse my masculine brethren when I see them playing ball with of the new and freer conditions, all become for the time their boys. Give the general charge of the playground into social beings humanly related. The following day, at the hands of the larger boys. Let them portion it off for the summons of the bell, as at the magic stroke of mid- the various games. The selection of those that are not night in the old fairy tale, the charm and delight of the harmful to the little ones, is an unconscious practice of old acquaintanceship disappears, the straight, loud, formal self-denial on their part. Consideration for the general intercourse is resumed. good will make them eliminate those that are dear to their " I never go with my pupils upon excursions," I heard a boyish hearts without a murmur. Committees on buildings teacher remark not long ago. " I find they always presume and grounds can be selected from the upper grades, while upon the unusual liberty and it takes me a week to get the lowest primaries with shouts of delight spend their them down to work again." afternoon recess of five minutes in picking up obtrusive The other afternoon I found a young teacher trying paper and helping the janitor burn them up. to hold her children under control as she would have The snows of the past winter have fallen burdensomely reined a restless horse. "Why do you not try some upon the poor janitor who looks with dismay upon the long group construction work ?" I suggested, "or let them stretch of sidewa'k he must clear. What is a heavy task go to the board and illustrate the story they have just for him is but great sport for fifteen or twenty boys who, read?" with shovel and brooms brought from home, make short "I don't care to," she answered, in genuine pain, her work of the common enemy. The gratitude of the janitor young face white with the nervous strain. " I'm afraid they thus easily earned reacts in a kindly spirit that regards a would get away from me." "They won't get away from few broken windows with charity and transforms his some- you if you go with them, " I replied. Half an hour time duty of watching the boys into one of friendly es- later I went back to her room and beheld fifty pupils pionage. quietly and happily engaged in cutting and pasting a mini- The beautifying of the grounds, the reservation of places ature Ft. Dearborn. They were passing cardboard and the where shrubs and vines may grow , all of these things, necessary materials about freely. A group of five or six brought to the children for their careful consideration, cre- were putting in place the various parts of the fort as ate a sentiment of fellowship among larger groups , break up different children brought them. The joy of the room was the isolation of the room unit, and gradually develop a reflected in the teacher's face, as she said to me with a sense of civil responsibility. sigh of relief, " I never would have believed it possible. The growth of the altruistic sentiment is a slow one. An hour ago I was ready to give up and go on the un- almost impossible of attainment if postponed to the later assigned list. " periods of life. Happy the child who early finds himself The story of Aladdin, in the fourth reader, dramatized, lifted and led on by a teacher who has a clear purpose of costumed, and acted as a play by the children, furnished her own and who constantly asks herself, "Are my methods abundant and delightful material for reading, writing. with children those which best fit men and women for spelling and drawing in a fourth grade room. Its doing their share to maintain and develop human life ?" dramatic and constructive possibilities kept two or three One of the advantages of departmental work is that it truant boys from the streets, and developed a healthful gives a wide range of experience with many pupils to every social spirit among the children. This spirit overflowed, as teacher. It gives also the invariable results of interchange it should, into the other rooms of the grade. They were of view and combined study of the same subject. One invited to see the play, and in an effort to reciprocate in teacher finds John exceedingly slow in mathematics, "But," kind two or three original dramatizations sprang into being . says another, "he responds so quickly in literature that I "Fair Snow- White Down in the Glen" was sung and acted cannot teach a poem well without the inspiration of his in pantomime, and the truly ethereal story of "Old Pipes carnest little face. " Number three says, "He certainly is and the Dryad" kept another room of interested children obstinate," to which the fourth responds with an em- busily at work for three weeks . phatic disclaimer and declares it but timidity masquerading Was the school work accomplished, do you question ? in the guise of obstinacy. The result of this friendly com- Yes, and as we work best from reactions of happy efforts parison is that John becomes a field of discovery in which and interests keenly alive it was never better nor more each one of his instructors is interested in finding new thoroughly done. paths. Traits and talents that would remain latent under School relationships should be those of joy. It is a the influence of but one teacher spring with life at the crime against the soul of childhood that we put so little awakening call of different temperaments and convince us toy into eight of the most precious years of its life. The that in human culture as in horticulture we need the appli- joy of being, of doing, of serving others. How can we cation of the true social law, in union there is strength and break up this hard, unyielding rod of the grades and bend harmony and true growth. it into a circle, at the center of which shall glow and throb This feeling of oneness must penetrate an entire school the common heart ? before it can in any sense he termed an organic thing. It CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 3 cannot be a symmetrical growth when a feeling of freedom tude of the open mind. That attitude is in itself an inter- obtains in some rooms and hard, unyielding discipline dom- rogation that speaks to the souls of all with whom it comes inates in others. While I should want the largest liberty in contact. It encourages the timid to reveal themselves, possible given each teacher to express her individual taste its sincerity makes the bold stop and question the truth- and tendencies, these, I believe, should be modified by and fulness of their position, it unfolds the mind of the little willingly subordinated to, what I can only designate as child with the quiet but potent power of the sun opening the spirit of the school. As in the separate rooms each the rose. It is nature's own method. Through aeons of pupil must be led to relinquish his purely personal prefer- time her voiceless questioning has developed the human ences for the good of the whole, so must the teacher rec- soul or the soul of man. Do you say, "This is impossible ognize the rightful value of her place in the plan of the in my own particular case, I can imagine schools in which school life. It is not enough that she live her life isolat- such real living exists. But with me amid inharmonious edly. No matter how perfect the adjustment of the rela- surroundings , dominated by an autocratic principal, who tions in a separate room may be unless it is also playing will not receive a suggestion, limited by a rigid curricu- a consciously active part in the entire school life it has in lum and held to definite results in examinations, what can that degree failed of its purpose and defeated the ends of I do?" democracy. Let the poet answer for me. I heard a most able teacher of mature pupils say not long "In spite of the stare of the wise and the world's derision, ago, "I have no time to take interest in the school as a Dare travel the star-blazed road, dare follow the vision. whole, all I want are my pupils, my books, and my door It breaks as a hush on the soul in the wonder of youth, closed to outside bothers. We can be perfectly content And the lyrical charm of the child is the kingly truth. inside." I know that teacher understands her special sub- The world is a vapor and only the vision is real ; ject perfectly. She has a splendid reputation for carrying Yea, nothing can hold against hell, but the winged ideal." classes triumphantly through examinations. She is a stu- It is the ideal, kept constantly before you, the realiza- dent of psychology and pedagogy and is a fine woman tion that no place in the world is so important and preg- besides, and yet, to my thinking, she has failed to see the nant with possible results as the one you occupy that will most important thing she should be teaching-human give you the deep breath of endurance, the uplift of cour- relations. age. The knowledge that you, as teacher of children, de- I have spoken of the intangible, and yet the most potent velop and direct those forces that are to shape the desti- and all-persuasive influence, the spirit of the school. It is nies of the world will be your strength and highest incen- felt rather than seen, you step inside the entrance door and tive to perfect your own powers. No external pressure you begin to recognize it. It looks from the teacher's eyes, can move you as does your realization that you are work- it shines or glowers from the children's faces. It is the ing with immortal influences (not with inert matter) . How- sum of all the spiritual forces, be that for good or bad, ever small the actual deed done, its potency will be doubled that go to make up the school life. It is the infallible by your own consciousness that it is not an unrelated act, standard that measures the influence of the principal upon but has behind it the allied powers of truth and before it' his teachers and pupils. It is the voiceless record that the promise of endless fulfilment. shows their influence upon him as well. Is the school life One teacher in a school who truly feels that for the one? You know it as you pass from room to room. Is sake of the child, and for humanity, conditions must be it broken with shreds and fragments, shining here, and bettered, can readjust and re- relate them into harmony. darkening gloomily there ? It is revealed to one sensitive What has one of your own number (of our own number, to finer vibrations of spirit, and he knows although no for we are all teachers) accomplished in our very midst, word is spoken. and against what gigantic odds? What forces responded What the teacher is to the room the principal should be obedient to the demand of her inspired ideal, and to her to the school. He it is who, recognizing the great truth tremendous energy that shaped it into action ? The broader all are endeavoring to serve, should unify the school life. spiritual motherhood is ours . The love that recognizes not Not only should he know his pupils collectively but indi- one child, but all children as our own. That potent force vidually. The immense advantage of his position is that he at work in the hearts of a handful of unselfish women and sees the children in perspective, watching their gradual men used the machinery of state to bring Illinois the development from year to year, recognizing where one Juvenile Court and the most comprehensive Child Labor teacher's influence has benefited and another's retarded their Law in the land. That power is bringing the home and growth. Especially those little ones who are not fully or school more closely together and convincing the state that happily equipped for life should be his charge and suc- upon the care and education of its children depends its cessive teachers should have the benefit of his observations ultimate good. and experiences with them. For this long and loving study. Can we who are fighting on this glorious field doubt or he is more than repaid by the influx of life that comes back despair? to him from the children. He should be, in the highest and best sense, their older comrade, to whom they go freely for "Hold, ye faint-hearted ! Ye are not alone. counsel, for help or for reproof as the case may be. The Into your worn-out ranks of weary men horrible spectacle of the man with a rod beating the chil- Come mighty reinforcements even now. dren into submission lately conjured up by the teaching Look where the dawn is kindling in the east, force of this city, can have no place in his category, for he Brave with the glory of the better day, believes with Emerson that " In my dealing with my child A countless host, an endless host, all fresh my Latin and Greek, my accomplishments and my money With unstained banners and unsullied shields ; stead me nothing; but as much soul as I have avails. If With shining swords that point to victory I am willful he sets his will against mine, one for one, And great young hearts that know not how to fear. and leaves me, if I please, the degradation of beating him The children come to save the weary world ! " by my superiority of strength. But if I renounce my will, and act for the soul, setting that up as umpire between us ONE PRAYER. two, out of his young eyes looks the same soul; he re- veres and loves with me." The preacher bowed his reverend head To the teacher the principal should be a revealer of her- In earnest prayer to heaven above, self, an impartial and unprejudiced friend and a sympa- "Father and mother God," he said- thetic observer of her work and life as well. Recognizing Words from his childlike heart of love. the original power, the innate genius of each one of his assistants it should be his skill that enhances her native gifts by placing her in the most favorable environment. Sermon and prayer and sacred song She in turn should be to him an interpreter of himself. "Brilliant" and "eloquent" were styled ; When all alike serve a high ideal, none should be so limited But only one, in all the throng, as to be offended at imperfections revealed. If we work Had listened " as a little child." together constructively not destructively, then every flaw discovered is a real gain. If the sole object of life is the building of character, then he who shows me my weakest An erring girl passed out the door, point and helps me to strengthen it is my best friend. Whose starving faith four words had fed, The intelligence shown and the genuine spirit in which Her lips breathed forth her heart's new lore- the revelation is made, determines its influence and meas- ures its beneficial effect. To welcome truth from any "Father and mother God," she said. source whatsoever, to be alert in its acceptance is the atti- -Evelyn Darling Loudon. 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION rehearsing the anthem, " Peace on Earth, Goodwill to Men!" Nothing will be sacred when the final BULLETIN account is settled for unimproved opportunities. Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, Chicago must trust the people to trust them- Entered at the Post Office. Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, selves, she must teach them to trust themselves . The December 23, 1901. schools must give all the children a working con- THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the fidence in each other. The Chicago schools must year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of so adjust the children that they will make men and AprilandDecember, by the Chicago Teachers' Federation. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single women who will accept the responsibility of govern- copies , Five Cents. ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received ing themselves. If they cannot do this, if the byTuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to schools are to give the children an idea that there the order of the Federation Bulletin. is an aristocratic class, a "better than" class, to THE EDITOR , whom they must look up, upon whom they must 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO . depend for the salvation of the city, then Chicago is Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. already doomed. If the schools of Chicago cannot and will not teach the children as a whole that thev and their fathers are equal to the responsibility of CHICAGO PROBLEMS. ( VII. ) the government of the city, then the public schools The educational problem in Chicago is to Ameri- of Chicago are a failure and the money better be put into a navy to patrol the river and into fortifi canize the schools and through them to American- cations and gattling guns. ize all phases of civic life on the Twentieth Century basis. This means the absolute elimination of aris- Chicago's great school problem is to find some way to teach all the people to have a working con- tocracy. American aristocracy is harmless when it fidence in their own ability and reliability as a is asylumed in a community that has sufficient self-governing community despite their cosmopoli- strength of tradition and conservative prejudices to tan inheritance and prejudice. withstand the assaults of this microbic enemy of How can all Chicagoans be made to believe that American progress. It is not safe in Chicago. the schools can adjust the people to her unusual conditions ? Every one of the two million Chicagoans who personally or through inheritance fled from Eng- How can the schools be kept near to all the peo- ple? land or New England, from the shores of the Medi- How can all the people be interested in the public terranean or the Baltic, were inspired by a desire to schools ? escape the tyranny of aristocracy, and their sons and How can the teachers be kept near the people ? daughters have in their veins the spirit of their How can the management be kept near the fathers intensified. Chicago has the opportunity people? to do the world a service greater than can be done How can the schools be the people's schools, com- elsewhere. Upon her rests the responsibility for mon schools, public schools ? doing it. If she does not meet the opportunity and These questions Chicago must answer early. accept the responsibility, she will be the greatest municipal wreck in history . PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT'S SISTER WILL The car barn bandits, for whom the schools failed VOTE . to do the right thing, and the Iroquois horror, in President Roosevelt's sister, Mrs. Anna Roosevelt which scores of teachers and hundreds of pupils Cowles, presented herself the other day before the were sacrificed, coming as they did almost within a board of selectmen in Farmington, Conn., and reg- month's time, are but suggestions of the price Chi- istered her name to vote at the coming school elec- tion. When Mr. Roosevelt astonished the conserva- cago must pay if she neglects her opportunity, if she misdirects her energy. Unless she solves her tives by recommending woman suffrage in his in- augural message to the New York legislature in problems, they will solve her. 1899 the reporters flocked around to ask his reasons. This, then, is the most trying hour in her history , He is said to have answered that his home town of indeed, in American history. She is liable to think Oyster Bay had long been in great need of a new it necessary to meet the tragic conditions with the school building, but was never able to get the neces- iron hand of authority, which is but another spell- sary appropriation till the women were given the school ballot. Then the mothers of the children ing of aristocracy ; to think that the need is a czar- voted the new school house at once. though just now that name stands for weakness and Now that the president's sister has qualified to not for strength; to call for a martinet, to appeal vote, perhaps some of the " society" women who to martial law. May the Lord have mercy on Chi- have hitherto thought the exercise of the school ballot beneath them may suddenly see a great light. cago if any attempt is made to reform her by aris- As a rule the women's school vote, although small , tocratic, autocratic, monarchical, centralized meth- has been of excellent quality. In answer to the pre- ods and forces . diction that the best women will not vote, Col. T. W. The car-barn bandits were from the slums, but Higginson says: "In Massachusetts, under school the Iroquois was the latest product of art, and its suffrage, the complaint has been that only the best sacrifice of innocence was while the choirs were women vote." ALICE STONE BLACKWELL. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 5 INITIATIVE AND REFERENDUM . ANNOUNCEMENTS . (Extracts from the very able address before the Commercial Club of Chicago, February 27th, The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teach- 1904, by Judge Edward F. Dunne, and printed ers' Federation will meet Monday, April 25, at in "The Public" of Chicago.) 4 p. m. , in Room 437, Unity Bldg. Mr. McCrackan, in his interesting history of " The JOSEPHINE NICHOLS, Rise of the Swiss Republic, " says : Cor. Secretary, 341 8. Forty- third Ave. "It will always remain the chief honor and glory of Swiss statesmanship to have discovered the solu- THE SALARY SUIT . tion of one of the great political problems of the ages-how to enable great masses of people to gov- The attorneys for the Board of Education have ern themselves directly. By means of the Referen- not filed their briefs up to date ( Thursday) . The dum and the Initiative this difficulty has been bril- case closed March 4 and ten days from that date the liantly overcome. The essence and vital principle attorneys for the teachers filed their briefs and of the popular assembly has been rescued from per- arguments as the court requested. No formal or- ishing miserably before the exigencies of modern der was entered of record in court but at the re- life, and successfully grafted upon the representa- quest of the judge the attorneys for both sides tive system." * orally agreed to the arrangement explained in a * recent issue, according to which the teachers' at- The whole fabric of the American government is torneys had ten days in which to file their briefs and based upon the theory that the people themselves are arguments , after which the Board's attorneys had the source and origin of all law, constitutional and ten days and after that the teachers' attorneys an legislative. : additional five days to file an additional brief if The Initiative and Referendum simply recognize needed. The Board's attorneys on March 24 this fundamental principle of a republican form of asked for and were granted an additional ten days. government-that the people are the ultimate law- but it is now twenty days since the expiration of making power-and provide a simple, easy and con- the time stated in the oral agreement for the filing venient method of enabling the people who are the of briefs by the attorneys for the Board of Edu- source and origin of all the law-making power to cation. legislate directly for themselves upon questions of greatly public interest. BOARD MEETING . Daniel Webster declared : There being no quorum present Wednesday even- "The sovereignty of government is an idea be- ing, no business was transacted by the Board of longing to the other side of the Atlantic. No such Education. thing is known in North America ; with us all power is with the people. They alone are sovereign, and MEETING OF TEACHERS' FEDERATION . they erect what government they please." * The regular meeting of the Chicago Teachers' Federa- * L tion was held Saturday, April 9, in Oriental hall, Masonic The experience of the last 30 or 40 years that we Temple, Miss Kilbourne presiding. A discussion upon the have had with corrupted and profligate legislators questions : 1. In addition to the actual work of the school and common councils has forced upon reflecting citi- room, what should be taken into consideration in deter- mining a teacher's efficiency? 2. What should be the basis zens the conviction that a check upon legislative for promotion in the salary schedule ? had been made a corruption and profligacy is absolutely necessary. special order of business, and the general interest of the The people are the only superior power who can teachers had caused a large attendance. apply this check, and this check can be applied only The discussion was deferred until other business had by the Initiative and Referendum. been disposed of. A communication from the Illinois Federation of Wom- It has abolished corruption, profligacy and plun- en's Clubs was read, asking that a delegate be sent to the der of the people's rights in Switzerland. Why conference of clubs of the First District. Miss Alice should it not do so in Chicago ? Under such a sys- Keary was elected delegate and all members attending the conference were instructed to vote for a continuance of tem the lobbyist would be abolished and the wealthy the District Federation. corruptionists would disappear forever. A second communication from the Illinois Federation The only objection that can be urged against it is of Women's clubs asked that the president of the Teachers' that it will interfere with the wholesale traffic in Federation act as alternate to the biennial to be held at St. Louis May 17-25. Miss Kilbourne was requested by franchises and debauchery of its representatives , the Federation to accept. which has prevailed too long and too injuriously to The minutes of the previous meeting were approved. the interests of the people of this community. and the Woman's Suffrage Bill, which is to be presented to the next term of the legislature, was indorsed It is impossible to print a complete report of the dis- cussion, but the members favored a high professional Aman has less confidence in the assertions he standard, both for their own sakes and for the schools . makes when his wife is present than he has when Opposition to promotional examinations for increase she happens to be absent. of salary on the ground that they do not measure either a teacher's efficiency in her work or her scholarship was Advice is de cheapest t'ing in de worl', en yet unanimous. A secret marking system was opposed because folks would sooner pay a high price fer trouble dan it defeats the only good purpose which marking might take de bes' advice free. serve, that is the attraction of the attention of the teacher to her own shortcomings in order that she may overcome De righteous hez a hard row ter hoe, but he eatin' them. Ateacher is entitled to just and intelligent criticism. co'nbread en potlicker w'en de wicked gnawin' a A teacher who speaks in epigrams said, "The first thing file . to be considered in determining the efficiency of a teacher Lots er us kin see another's woe, but w'en it comes is the efficiency of the principal." Another said: "That supervision is inefficient which ter feelin' fer it, we got our han's full already. fails to discover scholarship." 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . BRICKS WITHOUT STRAW. More than a thousand years ago- Shadows of time, how the days go by-- Do You Intend There was a man I used to know May strange seem but you'll see it's so to Visit the World's Fair? After I tell you the reason why- Worked in a brickyard same as you If so we wish to call your atten- And all of us have to do; tion to the Christian Endeaver Mixed in the trouble and worry and strife, The mirth and the other things of life ; Hotel & Auditorium Co., who Stirred in the hopes and the pains and fears , have erected a mammoth hotel Kneaded the mud with his sweat and his tears Humanest mass that ever you saw. just opposite the entrance to the "Poor bricks !" said the man, "but I have no straw ! " grounds and will make reduced rate of $1.00 per day for room or Up to his knees in the miry pit, A pygmy's way, but a giant's grit: $2.00 per day for room and His back was a chain of throbbing aches, board, providing parties hold Lifting the mold with its earthen cakes ; Charter certificate which cost is Elbows rusty as hinges of steel. Knees so lame he could hardly kneel; $1.00 and is transferable. Mud so stiff it would clog a plow Pamphlets and all information And couldn't be stirred with a wheel nohow ; Nights as short as the days were long; can be had at their Chicago of- Nothing seemed right, but everything wrong. fice, 1408 Monadnock Bldg., Tel. "Best I can do," said the man; "but, pshaw, Harrison, 3735 . You can't make bricks when you have no straw !" Taskmasters pitiless lashed the man. FROST & ALDRED " Can't," sobbed Weakness, but Courage cried Chicago Representatives. "Can!" "Don't," said Despair, but Duty cried "Do!" Avail yourself now of this op- "All right," said the man, "I'll worry her through. portunity. Can't do much, and I reckon you'll see Bricks won't be just what they ought to be, Ain't nigh so good as I know I could make If I just had straw, but you'll have to take The best I can do for the work's own sake." He finished his tale of brick and then Went home to rest, and sons of men Let us help you save Looked on his perfect work and saw, He'd have spoiled the brick had he put in straw. -Robert J. Burdette. 1. We give you the free use of a handsome nickel - plated steel savings bank. We IF I CAN SUCCEED keep the key. in making clear to you what is meant by LOANS BY CORRESPONDENCE you will never borrow onany 2. We are open Monday even- . otherplan. Address E. B., Federation Bulletin,437UnityBldg Bypermission Igive this paperas my reference. ings 5:30 to 8, besides usual hours. 3. We pay 3% interest, com- pounded twice a year. Only the deaf and dumb fail to appreciate the 4. We invite small deposits. TELEPHONE Royal Trust Company now-a-days . Bank, Business Residenc&e 5 Cents andup. per day Royal Insurance Building, 169 Jackson Boulevard , A State Bank. Established 1891. CHICAGO TELEPHONE CO . 203 Washington Street. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 7 FEDERAL The First TRUST & SAVINGS National $2,000,000 CAPITAL BANK SURPLUS $500,000 A Banking, Savings and Trust Company business transacted. Bank We invite interviews or correspondence from individuals, firms or corporations contemplating making changes or opening is now new accounts . OFFICERS. DIRECTORS. located in its Thomas P. Phillips, President. E. H. Gary, Chairman, Charles Deering, Nathan G. Moore, W. J. Chalmers. new office , Vice President and Alfred H. Mulliken . Counsel. C. B. Shedd. Charles S. Castle, A. E. Musbaum . Cashier. T. P. Phillips . F. J. Scheidenhelm, Norman B. Ream. Asst. Cashier. Nathan G. Moore. 119 Edwin L. Wagner, Asst. Cashier. Irving J. Shuart, E. J. Buffington. D. W. Burrows. W. E. Phillips. Secretary. J. N. Vance. Monroe St. N. E. Cor. La Salle and Adams Streets . EVERENOS THE ARE YOU AWARE THAT NORTH AMERICAN The REVIEW JOHN CHURCH CO. 260 WABASH AVE . THE HE mostnotable literaryeventofthe year 1904 will be the serial publi cation in THE NORTH AMERICAN Allotu REVIEW of a new novel, "The Son of Royal Langbrith," by William Dean Special Discounts Howells,beginning intheJanuary number to School Teachers? 50 cents a copy; $5.00 a year Write Dept. "B" for Catalogues, Prices, Terms, Eto. The North American Review, HARVARNOS FRANKLIN SQUARE, Ν. Υ. 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. "Follow the Flag" to the WABASH WORLD'S FAIR, ST. LOUIS THE WABASH Has fifteen tracks direct to the World's Fair grounds. Has its own terminal station at the main entrance. Will run trains every 2 minutes from Union Station, St. Louis, to the World's Fair grounds. Will be able to take care of private cars at the World's Fair terminals. Write for handsome, illustrated World's Fair Folder, containing colored maps of St. Louis and the World's Fair Grounds. C. S. CRANE, G. P. & T. A. TICKET OFFICE, F. A. PALMER, A. G. P. A. ST. LOUIS , MO. 97 Adams St., ' Phone Central 3046 CHICAGO, ILL . THE FAIR , Chicago New Spring Suit, 12.75 One of the new Etons with a strikingly pretty neck effect which consists of a plain short-scalloped band, tastefully ornamented with buttons. Novelty braid with glint of scarlet gives a suggestion of the military suit. Has graduated panel waist front; 3 box plaits, extending half way down the 12.75 sleeves, end prettily in a puff. Fine quality of etamine cheviot, in black, blue and the popular golden brown, 12.75. Others at the same price, in the new short jacket style, tucked and trimmed with taffeta silk, fancy braid and novelty buttons; some plaited. They're made of imported men's suitings, in black, blue and brown, 12.75 . Lot 1 comprises short and long coats, fine $35 Winter Jackets, 7.95-The sea- satinlined,madeof excellent ity kersey, odds & ends of lastqual- sea- 7.95 son's best styles, too, and just the thing for the remaining cold days of this winter . son's selling. Have been selling regularly up to as high as $35, your choice at7.95. Will be acceptable next winter, when the Lot 2 includes many of the short winter same garment would cost you many times the coats herseys and belines, inblue, $2 price we're asking now of her 7.95 black and castor. asplendid assortment embraceour entire stockofwom and have been selling up to $10. You can't en's winter coats, divided into afford to miss this sale; your choice, $2. | two lots, priced at 7.95 and $2 respectively. Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin Vol. 3. CHICAGO , APRIL 22, 1904. No. 21 . TEACHER REFUSES TO TAKE RE -EXAMINA- ments, and her suspension followed. The fact that TION. writs of certiorari at once issued to review the action of the board, indicates that Miss Allen's IS SUSPENDED BY BOARD OF EDUCATION. position was taken under advice of counsel, and Brings Suit Against Board. presumably she expects to be sustained by the Courts. Without attempting to anticipate the de- Miss Elizabeth A. Allen, a training teacher in termination of the Courts, it may not be amiss to the Normal School in Hoboken, New Jersey, and point out certain reasons for believing that the board has acted in the premises in excess of its one of the best known teachers in the State, refused powers, and that Miss Allen was therefore justi- to comply with the regulation of the Board of Edu- fied in the stand she has taken. cation of Hoboken requiring teachers to be re-ex- From an early period the statutes of this State amined and was suspended for refusing. have required those desiring to teach in our pub- Miss Allen has taken the matter to the Courts lic schools to submit to certain tests before they should be eligible to appointment as teachers. Un- and we print here an article from the Elizabeth, N. der authority of these laws there has existed an J. , paper commenting on her suit. elaborate system of examinations as a result of Since Miss Allen began her suit a taxpayer of which certificates are issued, which, within the lim- Hoboken instituted legal proceedings against the its of their respective grades and districts, are de- Board of Education to ascertain whether a New clared by law to be valid as licenses to teach " in any school in the State. " These certificates consti- Jersey Board of Education is warranted by law in tute the statutory evidence at once of the teacher's using the taxpayer's money to maintain Normal competency to teach and of her eligibility to ap- Extension Courses for teachers. The teachers of pointment "in any school in the State. " It ought Hoboken are obliged to take these courses and the to be plain that a teacher possessing such a license re- examinations . cannot be required to submit to further tests con- Following is the article: cerning the matters included within her certificate, HOBOKEN BOARD AND MISS ALLEN. i. e., concerning her qualifications as a teacher. If boards of education can compel her to do so, then To the Editor of The Evening Times : they must be above the legislature, for in that event Sir: The suspension of Miss Elizabeth A. Allen they have power to say that that which the legis- of Hoboken by the Board of Education of that city lature has said is a valid license to teach is not a raises a number of questions of practical interest valid license to teach. Of what value then are to every teacher in the State. To make plain the State, county or city certificates ? Admit this pow- principles involved, the facts should be briefly re- er, and every teacher in the State, no matter what viewed. In December last the Board of Education grade certificates he may hold, may be kept con- in Hoboken undertook to establish a college exten- tinually at school, pursuing "college extension sion course for the purpose, it would appear, of in- courses," "post-graduate courses, " and what not ; structing the Hoboken teachers in English com- writing "themes," doing "sums," and exercises of position. It directed that all teachers should at- all kinds, with the result that the certificates which tend the course. By a subsequent resolution it was mean so much to the teacher are rendered valueless , ordered that all requirements of the lecturer in and the statute providing for a license to teach valid charge should be obligatory upon the teachers the "in any school in the State," is in effect repealed. same as the mandates of the board. One of the It may well be doubted whether boards of educa- lecturer's requirements was that each teacher should tion have any such power. One thing, then, that write and submit to him for correction and com- Miss Allen is fighting for is to preserve for teach- ment "themes" upon such subjects as he might se- ers' certificates that force and validity which the lect. These "themes" were to be 500 words in legislature intended they should have when it en- length, and during the first part of the course were acted that they should be valid licenses to teach "in to be submitted weekly. Later on, two themes per any school aspect in theofState." week were to be required. The course was to ex- Another the question remains to be no- tend over a period of five months. It seems that ticed. It must not be forgotten that these "themes " Miss Allen refused to recognize the right of the constitute property belonging to those who produce board to compel teachers to submit to these require- them, which cannot be taken without their consent. 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. The existence of a property right in literary pro- public schools. There is a school population of ductions is well settled, and such rights are within 600,000 in New York, and under this system every the protection of the Constitution as fully as prop- one of these children must be forced through the erty of a more tangible character. A board of edu- same course of study, without deviation or shadow cation has no more right to require a teacher to de- of turning. Of course, there is in this school army liver up a "theme" produced by her than it has a great variety of taste and talent as well as a wide to compel her to surrender any other property diversity in the manner of life which these children which she may possess, and any order requiring will pursue when they leave school, but all that her to do so is beyond its power and void. counts as nothing against the fetish for uniformity Again, what power has the board to compel her and regularity . One boy has the means to go to produce the "themes" in the first instance ? It is through a high school and college. Against him not pretended that the teacher's contract binds her stand ten who must begin to earn money as soon to produce literary property at the command of the as the compulsory education laws will permit. A board. Her functions are to teach; not to create few girls have literary or artistic tastes which they literature. But if this assumed power does not will develop after leaving the public school. Against rest upon contract, what basis has it ? Manifestly them as a hundred to one are the girls who will none, unless the status of a teacher in the public marry at about twenty and thereafter devote them- selves to their homes and the care of their families. schools is a form of qualified slavery. Indeed this pretended power to compel a teacher to produce But never mind what the children are going to do "themes " is not different in kind but in degree only in the world. To make your school machine run from the power to exact involuntary servitude of smoothly the graduate of every grammar school any kind. Hence, whether viewed from the stand- must be fitted to pass entrance examinations into point of a mere property right, or regarded as in- any of the high schools ; otherwise your system of volving the higher considerations of personal lib- promotion gets out of gear. To make the parts of erty, the assumed power is seen to conflict with your school machinery interchangeable it is neces- constitutional principles of the most fundamental sary that every child should be taught the same nature . thing in the same grade up to the high school. The It is in defense of these principles and to ascer- child who speaks German or Italian or Yiddish at tain whether school teachers in New Jersey have home must be taught English, civil government and any rights which boards of education are bound to American history on the same basis as the child of respect, that Miss Allen has taken this stand. She a son or daughter of the revolution and the child should have the moral and, if necessary, the ma- of the immigrant is expected to learn these things terial support of every teacher in the State. It is just as rapidly as the American child who is born their battle, as much as her own, that she is fight- to half of them without any conscious acquisition atall. ing.-Elizabeth ( N. J. ) Evening Times . This system of uniformity would be bad enough if it were gauged to the needs of the child who can PURPOSE OF THE SCHOOLS . get no education except in the public school, and The letter of a parent to a school principal and who starts where the immigrant's child starts in the comments on it of one of the associate superin- knowledge of the country, and its ways. That tendents, published in the Eagle on Friday, go would be a hardship on the children of the well-to- close to the heart of the school problem for the city. do who would need to secure some sort of private The parent wanted his son excused from construc- instruction to fit them for college. But that hard- tion drawing in order that the boy might have more ship would fall upon a minority and the schools time to devote to drill in arithmetic. He wrote a would be free to fit adequately for American citi- note to the teacher, in which he referred to con- zenship that great army of children who have no struction drawing as "cutting out pasteboard and other fitting school. But in fact the whole force daubing it with paint" and spoke of boys wasting of the public school system is trained toward one their school time on "side issues" which seemed to object only ; the sending of as large a number of him " an outrage." The letter was turned over to high school graduates as possible to college. Our the principal. The principal could do nothing in high schools are first of all collegiate fitting schools. the case, because "The studies laid down by the Our grammar schools are merely or chiefly prepara- Board of Education had to be strictly carried out." tions for our high schools. And in order to get the Then the parent sent his letter to the Eagle and students into college young enough, the work of an Eagle reporter took it to an associate superin- this whole twelve years of college preparation is tendent. The associate superintendent supported gauged up to the capacity of the brightest students the position of the principal, as he had to do under from the homes of highest intelligence. The chil- dren who are not bright enough to keep up with that the system. The superintendent admitted that "per- sonally" he thought too much time was devoted to procession or who cannot get help enough at home to do the work must go out into the world with the the trimmings of education, and that other school first part of a bungled fit for college buzzing in men felt that the course was not quite what it should be, but that none of them could see any way their heads. It is a beautiful system for the chil- dren of the well-to-do and the intelligent and it to change it. The possibility which those teachers saves heavy bills for college preparation in families seem to have considered is an elective system, which which could pay them. But it is cruelly unjust to they regard as impracticable for public schools, be- the children of the poor and to those who are help- cause young children are not fit to elect what they less save for the public schools. wish to study, and in many cases the parents are no better fitted. But unjust and defective as this system is it will That is the root of the whole trouble with the go on unchanged for one generation at least. Dr. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 3 Maxwell believes in it and Dr. Maxwell is in ab- 4. Education in the Philippines-E. B. Bryan, solute and autocratic command of the public schools former Superintendent of Education, Philippine of New York. What William H. Maxwell does to Islands, Bloomington, Ind. those schools is right, not on any abstract grounds, 5. Our Educational Creed-Z. X. Snyder, Presi- but because Maxwell does it. Perhaps, by the thir- dent of State Normal School, Greeley, Colo. tieth century or in the millennium, we may have WEDNESDAY, JUNE 29, 5 :45-6 :30 Р. М.- reached a point where certain schools will be set VESPER MEETING. apart for children who do not expect to go through Art Exhibits in the Exposition-Halsey C. Ives, a high school and at least one high school for those Chief of Department of Art, Louisiana Purchase who do not expect to go to training school or to Exposition. college. If we get such schools their course of Appointment of Committee on Nominations . study may be adapted to the needs of their particu- THURSDAY, JUNE 30, 9:15 А. М. lar pupils. Until that time comes we shall go on Music. steering our great army of children toward the Prayer. colleges and seeing three-quarters of them fall by 1. The New Departure in Secondary Education- the way, not able to get to college and not fitted J. J. Sheppard, Principal of High School of for anything else. Under that condition resignation Commerce, New York City. is imperative, although it may be difficult.-Edi- 2. Elementary Education in France-(Speaker to torial in Brooklyn Eagle, Sunday, April 10. be supplied) . Music. - Samuel M. Lindsay, 3. Education in Porto Rico N. E. A. PROGRAM Commissioner of Education, San Juan, Porto Rico. GENERAL SESSIONS . 4. Education of the Southern Negro-Booker T. Washington, President of Normal and Indus- All General Sessions in Festival Hall. trial Institute, Tuskegee, Ala. TUESDAY, JUNE 28, 9:30 Α. Μ. THURSDAY, JUNE 30, 12:00 Μ . Music. Annual Meeting of Active Members for Election of Officers Invocation , and Other Business . Addresses of Welcome- THURSDAY, JUNE 30, 5 :45-6 :30 Р. М.-VES- Hon. A. M. Dockery, Governor of Missouri. PER MEETING. Hon. W. T. Carrington, Superintendent of Public Architecture of the Exposition-E. L. Masqueray, Instruction of the State of Missouri . Chief of Design, Louisiana Purchase Exposi- tion. Hon. Rolla Wells, Mayor of the City of St. Louis . F. Louis Soldan, Superintendent of Instruction, FRIDAY, JULY 1 , 9:15 A. М. Music. public schools, St. Louis. Prayer. Hon. David R. Francis , President Louisiana Pur- chase Exposition. 1. The Place of the Small College-George A. Howard J. Rogers, Chief of Department of Educa- Gates, President of Pomona College, Clare- tion and Director of Congresses, Louisiana Pur- mont, Cal. chase Exposition. 2. The Preparation of Teachers in Germany- W. S. Chaplin, Chancellor of Washington Univer- (Speaker to be supplied) . Music. sity, St. Louis . Responses- 3. Why Should Teachers Organize ?-Miss Mar- Hon. W. T. Harris, Commissioner of Education of garet A. Haley, President of the National Fed- the United States, Washington , D. C. eration of Teachers , Chicago, Ill. Charles W. Dabney, President of the University of 4. The Limitation of the Superintendent's Author- Tennessee, Knoxville, Tenn. ity and of the Teacher's Independence-Aaron Music. Gove, Superintendent of City Schools, Denver, Colo. 1. President's Address-John W. Cook, President of the Northern Illinois State Normal School, FRIDAY, JULY 1, 5 :45-6 :30 P. M. De Kalb, Ill . Sculpture and Decoration at the Exposition-Karl 2. The Place of the Church in American Educa- T. F. Bitter, Director of Sculpture, Louisiana tion-Edmund J. James, President of North- Purchase Exposition. western University, Evanston, Ill. Report of the Committee on Resolutions. Appointment of Committee on Resolutions. Closing Exercises . WEDNESDAY, JUNE 29, 9:15 А. М. Music. Prayer. The old ways are the best, provided we keep on 1. Popular Education in England-(Speaker to running in them instead of sitting down as stum- be supplied) . bling blocks. 2. Educational Possibilities for the Country Child in the United States—O. J. Kern, Superintend- LOANS TO TEACHERS end of Schools of Winnebago County, Rock- ford, Ill . By a Teacher Music. AT LIVE AND LET LIVE LOW RATES 3. The Educational Needs of the South-John Her- "Wherewithal" for Wee Tours to St. Louis. bert Phillips, Superintendent of Schools, Bir- L. A. care FEDERATION BULLETIN, 437 UNITY BUILDING. mingham, Ala. 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION i. e., an elective School Board, instead of one ap- pointed by the Mayor. The vote on the "little bal- BULLETIN lot" stood two to one for the elective board . Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, Meanwhile, the makers of the programme for Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, December 23, 1901. the national meeting at St. Louis in June-a pro- gramme yet to be revised and completed-will do THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the well to heed a demand, modest as yet, but bound to year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of become insistent, that certain subjects of vital im- April andDecember, by the Chicago Teachers ' Federation. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single copies, Five Cents. portance to nine-tenths of the constituency, the ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received grade teachers, be considered: viz : salaries , tenure byTuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to of office, pensions, number of pupils to a teacher the order of the Federation Bulletin. and the right of the teacher to a voice in all educa- THE EDITOR , tional matters. The committee appointed last July 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO . to investigate the condition of teachers through- Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. out the United States, especially in the mat- ter of salaries, will doubtless report through its THE N. E. A. PROGRAM FOR 1904. Chairman, Carroll D. Wright. The subject should The President of the National Educational As- have prominent place on the programme, as the one now at the front, and of practical importance. Edu- sociation, John W. Cook of Illionis, is not disap- cational journals have exploited it during the cur- pointing expectation; his preliminary programme, rent year to a degree unparalled, and still the in- recently issued, is less conspicuous for his omis- terest grows. Boston Transcript. sions than last year's. According to this announce- ment, Booker T. Washington will handle "Educa- THE INDUSTRIAL CONFERENCE AT THE tion of the Southern Negro," and Margaret A. WOMAN'S CLUB . Haley will give "The Argument for the Teachers' Federation. " Mr. Washington, it will be recalled, The most significant event in the recent confer- had no place on the Boston programme in 1903, but ence on "Women in Industry" under the auspices was inserted as an afterthought in response to pop- of the Chicago Woman's Club was the sharp con- ular clamor. Miss Haley was refused a hearing flict between Mr. Job, Secretary of the Employers ' before the National Educational Association, Association, who spoke against "Women in Trades though the National Federation of Teachers, of Unions," and Miss Jane Addams, Miss Gertrude which she is President, sought it zealously in be- Barnum, Miss Anna Nichols and others, who de- half of the cause she had pioneered. A special fended the Trades Unions for Women. The news- meeting was therefore held at Chickering Hall dur- paper reports stating that Mr. Job was completely ing the convention week, and the claims of the Fed- routed by the women gives new interest to the work eration to recognition as a forceful body, were in- these women are doing to organize working wo- directly much in evidence. At that time, subjects men, hence we publish in this issue the circular ruled out of the National Educational Association issued by the "Women's Trades Union League of programme, but of deepest interest to the rank and Illinois." file, were vigorously handled ; but the best outcome of the meeting was the compacting of the Federa- THE WOMAN'S TRADES- UNION LEAGUE OF tion, and the infusion of spirit into a living and ILLINOIS. growing organism. The burdens of the present industrial system fall One claim of the Federation, that for recognition most heavily upon its weakest members-women on the National Educational Association pro- and children-who work the longest hours, receive granime, has now been met in the letter of invita- the lowest wages and perform the least skilled and tion to Miss Haley, asking her "to prepare an ad- most monotonous tasks. They have entered indus- dress or the whole subject of teachers' unions." It trial life so recently that they do not easily see how is safe to say that she will handle the theme vitally. much of their disadvantage is due to lack of or- In 1900 she led the Chicago Teachers' Federation ganization ; nor do they realize that they are gradu- in a notable victory, securing the enforcement of the ally becoming a menace to the whole working class. revenue laws as the result of the now historic tax Besides occupying a subordinate industrial position, fight. She is now leading that body in the teach- they are without the protection of the ballot and ers' salary suit, a sequel to the tax fight, of far- are not the equals of men before the law. reaching import ; less for the money issue involved The more experienced and thoughtful working than for fundamental principles at stake. She mar- women have come to realize that their hope lies in shalled the same forces in the initial step so widely organization, and this belief is largely shared by commented upon by the press-their affiliation with another class of women who are not wage earners, the Federation of Labor ; the result of which is on but who are unwilling that those who toil should record in the passage by the Illonois Legislature of suffer from unjust conditions . a child labor bill, a prison labor bill and a bill for These women are determined that the future of municipal ownership of street railways, the latter their children shall not be dominated by such con- this week adopted by referendum. It was this ditions as obtain at present. They realize that the "Mueller law" that was indorsed by Chicago citi- status of women cannot improve until they are all of zens five to one April 5. At the same election the one mind as to the necessity of upholding each Chicago Teachers' Federation witnessed the other in the struggle for wider opportunities. triumph of another reform movement strenuously Knowing that these opportunities can be secured advocated by them and in the trend of the times- only by an enlightened insistence upon the rights, CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 5 duties and privileges of all who do the work of the the year's work. Following this will be the Treas- world, Trades Unionists and their sympathizers urer's report, the report of the Committee on Nomi- have formed the Woman's Trades-Union League. nations , then follows " The Denver Situation and The National League was organized in Boston, the Rush Amendment," by Prof. F. H. H. Roberts, November 14, 1903, just after the convention of of the University of Denver. the American Federation of Labor, and with hearty The next on the programme will be the Hon. endorsement of several officers of that body who Charles Nagel. He will speak on the St. Louis were present at the meeting. School Board . The Illinois branch of the League was formed [The St. Louis School Board, according to Presi- in Chicago, January 4. 1904, with the following dent Eliot of Harvard, is one of the best in the officers : United States from the point of view of form and President-Miss Mary McDowell, 4638 Ashland organization, as well as of actual accomplishment . avenue, Chicago. St. Louis has been so conspicuously before the pub- Vice-President-Miss Maude Sutter, 6817 Lin- lic during the past few years because of the cor- coln street, Chicago ( Business Agent Woman's ruption of its Council, that it will be interesting to Union of A. M. C. & B. W. ) . have a paper showing what the people of St. Louis Secretary-Miss Gertrude Barnum, Room 532 . can do in the way of honest and successful admin- Tribune Building, Chicago. istration of important public functions. Treasurer-Mrs. Ellen M. Henrotin, 251 Goethe Mr. Nagel is a prominent lawyer of the city and street , Chicago. was a member of Council when the boodle ordi- Executive Board (serving with officers named nances were passed. It is to his credit that he not above)-Miss Jane Addams, Hull- House, Chicago ; only voted against these, but used his influence to Mrs. Nellie B. Parker, Galesburg, Ill. ( Secretary of defeat them, without avail, however, because the Central Trades and Labor Assembly) ; Miss Ellen forces of corruption at that time were too strong Lindstrom, 345 North Clark street, Chicago ( Execu- for even so courageous and resourceful a man as tive Board United Garment Workers ) ; Miss Mar- Mr. Nagel to overcome. ] garet Hoblitt, 345 North Clark street, Chicago . The afternoon programme will close with a pa- OBJECTS . per by Dr. Ellis P. Oberholtzer of Philadelphia . The objects of the Illinois W. T. U. L. are : He will give " Home Rule Provisions in American 1. To assist the National or Local Secretaries of Municipal Charters. " Trades-Unions in organizing women. At the evening session, which will begin at 8 2. To furnish speakers and entertainment at the o'clock, the subject of "Municipal Taxation, " by request of Women's Unions . Lawson Purdy, Secretary of the Tax Reform As- 3. To send new members to the Woman's Union sociation of New York, will be the first paper. Label League. Next follows Chicago's Tax Problem" by Chi- 4. To make public the conditions under which cago speakers . women are working. Thursday morning session will open at 10 o'clock, 5. In general, to aid in bettering conditions of the Thursday afternoon at 2:30 and Thursday working women. evening at 8 o'clock. Friday morning at 10 o'clock, the afternoon session will open at 2:30 at the Uni- THE NATIONAL MUNICIPAL LEAGUE. versity of Chicago, and at 7 there will be a dinner The National Municipal League will hold its given to the delegates . tenth annual meeting in Chicago, April 27, 28 and We regret that lack of space forbids our giving 29, at the Northwestern University Building, 87 the programme in full. Lake Street, the City Club of Chicago being host. The regular meeting of the Chicago Teachers' OBJECTS OF THE NATIONAL MUNICIPAL Federation will be held at Fullerton Hall Saturday, LEAGUE . May 14, at 10:30 a. m. First-To multiply the numbers, harmonize the methods and combine the forces of all who realize that it is only by united action and organization IF I CAN SUCCEED that good citizens can secure the adoption of good in making clear to you what is meant by LOANS BY laws and the selection of men of trained ability and CORRESPONDENCE you will never borrow onany proved integrity for all municipal positions, or pre- other plan. Address E. B., Federation Bulletin,437 Unity Bidg . vent the success of incompetent or corrupt candi- By permission Igive this paper as my referenca dates for public office. Second-To promote the thorough investigation and discussion of the conditions and details of civic Only the deaf and dumb administration, and of the methods for selecting and fail to appreciate the appointing officials in American cities, and of laws and ordinances relating to such subjects. Third-To provide for such meetings and con- TELEPHONE ferences and for the preparation and circulation of such addresses and other literature as may seem now-a-days . likely to advance the cause of good city govern- ment. Business Residence& 5 Cents and per day up. The first session will begin at 2:30 p. m., Wed- nesday afternoon, April 27. After the address of CHICAGO TELEPHONE CO . welcome and response Clinton Rogers Woodruff 203 Washington Street. of Philadelphia, Secretary, will make the report of 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . ANNOUNCEMENTS . Do You Intend The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teach- ers' Federation will meet Monday, May 2, at to Visit the World's Fair? 4 p. m., in Room 437. Unity Bldg. FLORENCE E. TENNERRY , Cor. Secretary. If so we wish to call your atten- 194 Oakwood Blvd. tion to the Christian Endeaver Hotel & Auditorium Co., who REPORT OF THE MILONIAN SOCIETY ON have erected a mammoth hotel "SYSTEM . " just opposite the entrance to the . "Only yesterday I was reading one of the nu- merous complaints against our modern educational grounds and will make reduced flim-flam. Miss Edith Barnett's essay thinks our rate of $ 1.00 per day for room or educationa: trouble is that we have forgotten how to work. She says 'school doesn't teach its grad- $2.00 per day for room and uates to set tasks for themselves. It teaches them board, providing parties hold to work only when tasks are set for them.' A Charter certificate which cost is Chicago principal, writing in one of the school $1.00 and is transferable. journals, says that the elaboration of school sys- tem has removed from principals and teachers the Pamphlets and all information habit of cutting out work for themselves. It has can be had at their Chicago of- emphasized an idea that one's time belongs to one's boss. While we are working on one thing the dis- fice, 1408 Monadnock Bldg., Tel. heartening suspicion comes into our heads that Harrison, 3735. perhaps our superiors would not think we are mak- ing the best distribution of our time by doing that FROST & ALDRED particular kind of work at that particular moment. Chicago Representatives. One dreads to be found doing something that a cer- tain superintendent deems of secondary importance. Avail yourself now of this op- I once heard a schoolmaster say that as compared with modern school keeping under a system the portunity. creation was easy because God knew He had no critic superior to Himself. One reason why He was able to rest on the seventh day was because He saw that His work was good and no district superin- tendent could come in and rate it B. Dunkly's work was self- imposed. This, Marcel says, is the only kind of labor that makes man great. I heard Theo- Let us help you save dore Williams say in a sermon last Sunday that the man who gets more joy out of doing his work well than in getting his pay for it is very much of 1. We give you the free use of an exception these days. Well, Dunkly is very a handsome nickel - plated much of an exception. My Chicago writer to whom steel savings bank. We I just alluded, says this is not due to a natural dy- ing out of virtue, but to an artificial stifling of it keep the key. by organization, administration, and system. It is true of hand labor, it is true of business. We feel 2. We are open Monday even- it no less true of school teaching. Such elaborate ings 5:30 to 8, besides usual machines have been constructed to make us work hours. that-wonder of wonders-we work less than we used to. Two men with shovels have been soldier- 3. We pay 3% interest, com- ing away the whole afternoon in front of my house. making a slight alteration in the gutter. One fat pounded twice a year. boss, with his hands in his pockets, has been over- seeing them. When I was a boy one foreman 4. We invite small deposits. would keep twenty men hustling, while he himself worked with a shovel, too. Those were the days . of the Dunklys. Our Leonardo persisted down into Royal Trust Company modern times like one of the giants from before the flood, big enough to wade through the degen- Bank, erate deluge and to go on working."-Brooklyn Royal Insurance Building, Eagle. 169 Jackson Boulevard , A State Bank. Established 1891 . We should miss a great deal that is valuable in human nature if we confined our attention exclu- sively to important personages.-Hamerton. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 7 FEDERAL The First TRUST & SAVINGS National $2,000,000 CAPITAL BANK SURPLUS $500,000 A Banking, Savings and Trust Company business transacted. Bank We invite interviews or correspondence from individuals, firms or corporations contemplating making changes or opening new accounts . is now OFFICERS. DIRECTORS. located in its Thomas P. Phillips, President. E. H. Gary, Chairman, Charles Deering, Nathan G. Moore, W. J. Chalmers. new office , Vice President and Counsel. Alfred H. Mulliken. C. B. Shedd. Charles S. Castle, A. E. Musbaum . Cashier. T. P. Phillips. F. J. Scheidenhelm, Norman B. Ream. Asst . Cashier. Nathan G. Moore. 119 Edwin L. Wagner, Asst. Cashier. Irving J. Shuart, E. J. Buffington. D. W. Burrows. W. E. Phillips. Secretary. J. N. Vance. Monroe St. N. E. Cor. La Salle and Adams Streets . EVERENOS THE ARE YOU AWARE THAT NORTH AMERICAN The REVIEW JOHN CHURCH CO. 260 WABASH AVE . THEmostnotableliteraryeventofthe year 1904 will be the serial publi cation in THE NORTH AMERICAN Allote REVIEW of a new novel, "The Son of Royal Langbrith," by William Dean Special Discounts Howells,beginning intheJanuarynumber to School Teachers? 50 cents a copy; $5.00 ayear WriteDept. "8" for Catalogues, Prices, Terms, Eto. The North American Review, HARVARNOS FRANKLIN SQUARE, N. Y. 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . "Follow the Flag" to the WABASH WORLD'S FAIR, ST. LOUIS THE WABASH Has fifteen tracks direct to the World's Fair grounds. Has its own terminal station at the main entrance. Will run trains every 2 minutes from Union Station, St. Louis, to the World's Fair grounds. Will be able to take care of private cars at the World's Fair terminals. Write for handsome, illustrated World's Fair Folder, containing colored maps of St. Louis and the World's Fair Grounds. C. S. CRANE, G. P. & Τ. Α. TICKET OFFICE, F. A. PALMER, A. G. P. A. ST. LOUIS, MO. 97 Adams St., ' Phone Central 3046 CHICAGO, ILL. THE FAIR , Chicago New Spring Suit, 12.75 One of the new Etons with a strikingly pretty neck effect which consists of a plain short-scalloped band, tastefully ornamented with buttons. Novelty braid with glint of scarlet gives a suggestion of the military suit. Has graduated panel waist front; 3 box plaits, extending half way down the 12.75 sleeves, end prettily in a puff. Fine quality of etamine cheviot, in black, blue and the popular golden brown, 12.75. Others at the same price, in the new short jacket style, tucked and trimmed with taffeta silk, fancy braid and novelty buttons; some plaited. They're made of imported men's suitings, in black, blue and brown, 12.75 . Lot 1 comprises short and long coats, fine $35 Winter Jackets, 7.95-The sea- satinlined,madeofexcellent ity kersey, odds & ends of lastqual- sea- 7.95 son's best styles, too, and just the thing for son's selling. Have been selling regularly the remaining cold days of this winter. up to as high as $35, your choice at7.95. Will be acceptable next winter, when the Lot 2 includes many of the short winter samegarmentwould cost you many timesthe a and black and castor. asplendid assortment $2 embraceour entire stock ofwom 7.95 and have been selling up to $10. You can't en's winter coats, divided into afford to miss this sale; your choice, $2. || two lots, priced at 7.95 and$2 respectively. Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin 100 Vol. 3. CHICAGO, MAY 6, 1904. No. 22. THOMAS BRENAN. following resolution was adopted and ordered sent Died , Saturday, April 30 , 1904 . to the press and to the friends with whom Mr. A few days ago sorrowfully we laid to rest all Brenan had made his home for many years : that was mortal of our dearly beloved friend, Whereas, It has pleased God in his infinite wis- Thomas Brenan, who, for more than a quarter of dom, to translate from this world to the perfect life, a century as a member of the Board of Educa- our revered and beloved friend, Thomas Brenan ; tion, had devoted himself so faithfully to the Be it resolved, That in his death our city has lost interests of the school children of Chicago and their a beneficent and gracious presence, but that the in- teachers. Our city mourns as an almost irreparable spiration of his noble character and his unselfish loss, his withdrawal from amongst us, but we, the and untiring zeal in the service of the community to teachers of Chicago, his children by adoption, feel which he devoted his life have left an impress on the hearts of the multitude which will never lose its more keenly, perhaps, than most how grievous the loss we have sustained. influence; and that in his death we, the teachers in Tenderhearted and gentle himself, Mr. Brenan the public schools, mourn the loss of one who held always felt that more could be accomplished by the interests of the schools as a sacred trust and love than by fear, a sentiment which impelled him stood in the front ranks in every movement to pro- to work effectually against corporal punishment in tect the rights and promote the welfare of pupils and teachers . the schools. Pure-minded, noble-hearted, wise above many in his knowledge of men and things, no SAYS COMMERCIAL INTERESTS ARE PAUP- one ever sought his counsel without feeling that in a just cause Mr. Brenan was a tower of strength . ERIZING THE SCHOOLS . Appreciating this fact and realizing as they ever did that he held his high office as a sacred trust, the ONE - MAN POWER DEPLORABLE . teachers of Chicago learned to depend on him as their champion when occasion demanded. Centralization of Power , Unless Soon Defeated , Bound Never perhaps did he exercise his fine sense of to Lower Educational Standard , Educator Asserts . justice with as far-reaching effect as in 1899, when an attempt was made to drop a large number of (Report of an Interview With Margaret A. Haley, the teaching corps. Under the rules of the Board in Brooklyn Eagle, April 24. ) of Education, these teachers were entitled to a noti- Miss Haley's work now, as she sees it, is to secure fication that such action was contemplated before the recognition of the individual teacher in the any such drastic measures could be taken. On in- school system and as opposed to making him, or vestigation , Mr. Brenan, learning that the rules of her, a part of a machine, devoid of initiative, in- the Board had been disregarded, declared the whole dividuality and power to develop these two quali- proceeding an outrage, and prevented this whole- ties in the pupils in his or her charge. sale dismissal of teachers . Since that time, no "The situation in Chicago," she said, "as far as teacher has been removed without proper notifica- the relation of the teacher to the system is con- tion. His fine sense of justice and long experience cerned, is not peculiar to Chicago, but is general in dealing with teachers enabled him to discern the throughout the country. The tendency in the field peculiarities in conditions which caused complaints of education to-day is the same as the tendency in either from principal or teacher, and seldom, if the commercial, the financial and the political world ever, was he at a loss for a solution of the difficulty. -that of concentration of power in one man or one set of men. This centralization of power has His sympathies once aroused, untiringly he labored until he succeeded in relieving the distress which the effect of bringing to the top captains with un- had so confidently appealed to him. This same told power for good or ill to those under them and sense of justice made him a strong defender, of to those dependent upon them. equal rights for men and women in the schools . "With this exaltation of the few is a correspond- And now, dear friend, to whom we pay this faint ing lowering of the many. Men under these great tribute of grateful love and respect, adieu, and when captains of industry, finance and politics become the shadows gather and the All-Wise Father de- mere automatons, without individuality, without crees that we, too, shall tarry here no longer, well initiative. The business is managed by a series of will it be with us if our " Welcome Home" will be minor officers, who, in their turn, manage another like thine, "thou, good and faithful servant. " series of officers and employes, who are made by At the meeting of the Board of Managers of the this system mere parts of the machine. Chicago Teachers' Federation, Monday, May 2, the "What has been true for so long of the industrial 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . and financial world is becoming true of the educa- now, and are showing by their acts that they have tional world. There is a vast difference, however, a very clear view of it. I refer, of course, to the between the effects of the system as applied to the vote only a few weeks ago in Chicago, where the two spheres. Perhaps a workman can produce just people declared for the election of the Board of as good shoes as a part of a machine as he can Education by the people as against the appointing of working from his own initiative. Certain it is he it by the mayor, by a vote of 2 to 1. can produce more of them. A bricklayer can lay "The proposition is simply this: The large com- just as many bricks, and probably more, under a mercial interests, with few exceptions, do not favor boss than he can without one. But children are the education of the masses beyond what is re- neither shoes nor bricks. The system which works quired in laboring for them. This means that any in the first case will not work in the second. What education beyond a knowledge of the rudiments is those in command have failed to realize, and what considered by them unnecessary . Indeed, in some the parents of children have failed to realize, strange cases I know it to be a fact that large factory own- as it may seem, is that children have souls. ers think the higher education-by that I mean the "The system of one-man absolute power, when high school education-is harmful to children. applied to education, destroys not only the worker, These interests are going to control the Board of but also the product. It is a recognized fact that a Education, if they can, and it is easy enough to do man working as a part of a machine loses his power it when the board is appointed. The campaign funds of invention-that is, the power of expressing his depend largely upon the contributions from the individuality. He no longer is a thinking being ; he commercial interests , and a Board of Education is a machine, which requires so much fuel, so much which will be favorable to any proposition favored rest, each day in order to keep up his utility to the by these interests is sure to be appointed. highest point. He may, however, produce just as "What is the result ? We have a board of edu- good work when the work is purely mechanical as cation in Chicago which is pauperizing the schools. he would if he were not so situated. It is the worker It is running the schools on a starvation basis, a alone who suffers in this case. But look at the basis which makes them unfit places for children. teacher , under similar circumstances . This is illustrated by the increased and increasing "In her case, her individuality, and with it, of growth of private schools. Children of the well-to- course, her power of making it felt upon those in- do are taken out of public schools and placed in trusted to her, is lost. Not only the worker but the private schools and the large commercial interests work is destroyed ; not only is the producer made which are to blame for this condition of affairs , are simply a part of a machine of production, but the contented. It is just what they have been wishing product is spoiled. And how different is this prod- for and they are continually working for a con- uct from that of the industrial world ! The system tinuance of the policy which brings about the con- of one man, boss power, in education is knocking dition. Why ? When the schools are left only to the very foundation from under the structure of the poorer classes, they may be run upon any plan education. It is taking the very vitality out of it. the representatives of these interests see fit to adopt The people do not as yet seem to have grasped this through their puppet board of education. fact. They have looked upon the process going on "You can easily see from this why it is that the under their very eyes with something very akin to fight of the teacher for a recognition of her rights indifference . and a recognition of her individuality is vital to the "The recognition by the teacher in Chicago of this people, and why the people are taking up her fight fact and the showing of it plainly to the labor in- and making it their own. If you make the school terests of the city was what brought the two inter- teacher mechanical, she teaches in a mechanical ests together. The laborer went through the process manner and turns out mechanical pupils. It can of being made into a machine years ago, and rec- work out in no other way. If you crowd pupils into ognized the more far reaching consequences of rooms until there is no opportunity to do the work having the field of education subjected to the same you cannot expect the product of the work to be influences. It was for this reason that our appeal of a very high standard. The one-man system is to the labor unions of Chicago, in our efforts to doing this for Chicago and will continue to do it release ourselves from this pernicious influence, until the one-man system is no more . brought forth the most hearty sympathy and co- "I think I have made clear to you, then, just operation. what the fight of the teacher is. She is fighting "The teaching profession has been averse to mak- the tendency toward pauperizing the public ing demonstration of any kind, and has rather held schools , she is fighting the tendency toward making aloof from identifying itself with the laborer. But the school system mechanical and forcing her to the time has come when appeals must be made di- work under that system, she is fighting a school rect to the voter, and the labor interest is the larg- system which has for its sole end and purpose the est organized power in the country. A successful turning out of factory hands. If she secures a rec- appeal to the laborer gives the appellant great ognition of her individuality and freedom she will power. In our case we appealed to the laborer have won the fight, for that will mean the abolition through his child. We succeeded in making him of the one-man power. realize that the future of his child was at stake , and "You can see what it means, this turning the we now have him allied with us in our fight to schools into a manufactory of factory hands. You free ourselves from the one-man power, from being cannot turn out freedom-loving, enlightened, self- made into a part of a machine . governing men by means of the factory system of "The problem which is confronting the teacher education. A teacher who is not herself free can- now is one which is vital to the parents and chil- not teach freedom. A slave can teach nothing but dren, and the sad thing about it is that the parents slavery. The schools under the one-man system are have not realized it. They are coming to realize it governed with almost military rule. It is a system CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 3 ofpetty tyranny. When you take from the teacher New York Women's Clubs, and Sunday afternoon the power to think out and put into effect her so- she will address a meeting in the Central Federated lution of problems of education, you take away the Union on Rivington street, Manhattan. Miss Haley best part of her. is in New York under the auspices of the Woman's "The idea with the majority of people seems to Henry George Clubs . be that education is something to be superimposed. The pupil is given to the teacher and she must force SEVENTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE . something into him. People work on the plan that human nature is essentially wrong and will go wrong, if allowed to run its true course. They fail Of the National Congress of Mothers and Fifth Annual to see the analogy between the soul of a child and Meeting of the Illinois Congress of Mothers in other works of nature. They fail to see in the child Chicago, May 11 , 12 , 13 and 14 , 1904 . anything like the flower which, if allowed to grow, will bloom, and, if curbed and hampered, will be- come a stunted thing. It seems to me and it is the Wednesday Evening, May 11th, 7:45 Р. М. Fullerton Hall, Art Institute. motive of our fight in Chicago, that the teacher Invocation-Dr. Frank Gunsaulus. must take a child and develop what is in him, and Soprano Solo-Miss Greta Masson . not force something into him which is perhaps Greetings : Gov. Richard Yates . contrary to his nature. System and an iron clad course laid down by persons who are not them- Mayor Carter Harrison. selves in sympathy with the education of the masses Supt. E. G. Cooley . curb these efforts. The teacher must take forty Mrs. Chas . Henrotin. Mrs. W. S. Hefferan. or sixty pupils and apply to everyone the same course of study, when in many cases an entirely Response : Mrs. Frederick Schoff, different line of work is required. President National Congress of Mothers . " No," said Miss Haley, in response to a question. Address : Prof. Edward Howard Griggs- " Princi- "I do not think that a board of education elected by ples of Government in the Home and School ." the people would cut down the expenses of running the schools to a dangerous limit, nearly as quickly Thursday Morning, 10 O'clock . Chicago Woman's Club, 9th Floor, Fine Arts Bldg . as a board under the influence of corporations not in favor of public education would do it. Reports of Officers and Committees . "We in Chicago are fighting for a more demo- Review of Conditions of Defective, Dependent and cratic system of administration of school affairs. Delinquent Children. The teachers are the educators and the others are Conference led by Mr. Hastings Hart. the helpers-or should be. Under the one-man sys- Thursday Afternoon, 2 O'clock Chicago Woman's Club, 9th Floor, Fine Arts Bldg . tem you have a superintendent dominating, who is selected by a board of education, which is itself Soprano Solo-Mrs. Sanger Steel. dominated by interests inimical to the public schools Conference on Moral and Religious Education. and " these others" cease to be helpers, they become Address- Miss Margaret Evans . irritators . We do not want conformity, uniformity "Public Education and Morality." and superimposition in education. All that is like Address Prof. George A. Coe. giving a physician a patient, and along with it giv- "The Bible in the Schools . " ing him a formula which has been used in fifty oth- Address-Mrs. Theodore Birney . er cases and must be used in this, whether or not the " Mothers' Mistakes ." cases are similar. We are rapidly coming to the time, 4:30- Reception to National Congress. and, indeed, we have arrived at it in most of our Thursday Evening, 8 O'clock. large cities, when the cut-and-dried in the public Fullerton Hall, Art Institute . schools is the dominating feature. We teachers in Invocation— Chicago, together with progressive teachers all over Children's Chorus led by Prof. William L. Tomlins. the country, believe this to be contrary to all that is President's Address-Mrs . Frederic Schoff. democratic . We believe that the system is deadening Conference on " Menaces to Sanctity of the Home." to the schools , and we are fighting it and will con- Address : Uniform Divorce Laws . tinue to fight it until there is no hope, or until we Mr. F. A. Lewis of Philadelphia . have succeeded. No, I would not care to express an Discussion by eminent divines and jurists. opinion in respect to New York. I do not know Friday Morning , 10 O'clock. enough of the workings of the system here. I do Chicago Woman's Club, 9th Floor, Fine Arts Bldg . know, however, that if the teacher is not allowed Conference of State Presidents on " The Child : full opportunity for the exercise of her individuality What the Congress is doing for him in Home, and initiative, she is not working up to her full ca- School and State." pacity of efficiency, and, indeed, she is falling far, Address- Mrs . Florence Kelley. far below it." "The Working Child. " Miss Haley spoke last evening in Cooper Union Address-Prof. Wm. L. Tomlins . before the People's Institute. A large audience at- "Music in Education." tended the meeting and Miss Haley was enthusias- Friday Afternoon, 2 O'clock . Chicago Woman's Club, 9th Floor, Fine Arts Bldg. tically received. She gave a history of her fight in Chicago up to the time she left there a few days Annual Meeting of Illinois Congress of Mothers . ago. She was many times interrupted by the ap- Reports of Committees . plause which followed some clever sally, and clearly Reports of Delegates . Election of Officers . had her audience with her throughout her discourse. Tuesday she will speak before the federation of (Continued on page 5.) 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION dresses ever published in the famous Appleton In- ternational Education Series, edited by United BULLETIN States Commissioner Harris, and the most master- Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, ful volume of addresses of a superintendent yet pub- Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, lished. His teachers came from the schools, they December 23, 1901 . were helped, adapted, and adjusted to their work, THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the and inspiration was the watchword of superintend- year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of April and December, by the Chicago Teachers ' Federation. ent, assistants, specialists, principals, and teachers, THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single inspiration of all for all. This was the condition in copies, Five Cents. ALL CONTRIBUTIONS , including advertisements, must be received Chicago when the idea of aristocracy in school man- by Tuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to agement struck the country east and west. the order of the Federation Bulletin. THE EDITOR ,、 GROWING PROBLEM . 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO . Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. Everybody knows that tax-dodging is a habit with some and a science with others. The assessing of a tax on personal property is an inducement to CHICAGO PROBLEM.-IX . personal dishonesty. Every time Chicago has approached the applica- There should be minds wise enough to formulate tion of the aristocratic idea it has been with the a remedy and lawmakers able enough to carry out the plan. Certainly the arrangement at present in assumption that the teachers are all wrong, that force is no more than a farce. something is needed to weed them out, to tone them up. A crack whip has been sought, some one who It cannot safely be left to the people themselves. France taxed windows, and many of her citizens de- knows it all, some body to save expense, to hustle prived themselves of light and air and risked sick- children together, an economic representative of the ness and death to save the tax. Tax windows and better classes. This has been the atmosphere about doors to-day, and the same situation will arise. Hu- the aristocratic idea in Chicago. Instead of being put forth as a means of securing tenure for teachers, manity has not changed. pensions, higher salaries, and better conditions all Here is a great problem for a really great mind. for the good of the children, the reverse has been Why can not we have a system that will do away the attitude. with perjury, put an end to the tax inquisitor, and Of course, this has not been said in so many force everybody to bear his just proportion of the publicburden ? words, but it has been arrayed against everything It is the most important question confronting the for which the teachers as a whole have stood. Just the reverse of the attitude in other cities. The one public of America to-day, and its importance in- city in all the world where aristocracy is an impos- creases with increasing wealth.-Chicago Evening sibility is the only city in America in which there Journal, April 29. has been an aggressive effort to enthrone it. This is the most unaccountable condition of A TEACHER HONORED things, inexplicable from any standpoint, and yet Wednesday, April 20th, witnessed an occasion. Chicago's entire future is involved in the complica- unique, at least in the annals of the Sherman tions growing out of this state of things. Any pos- School. By means of pictures, statuary, plants and sible understanding of the situation necessitates a flags, the empty kindergarten room had been trans- close study of the growth of the system . formed into a banquet hall. Down the center The school system is young and complex in its stretched a long table whose expanse of snowy linen origin. George Howland was the genius of the was relieved by long graceful sprays of asparagus school life until within fifteen years . He was in fern intermingled with red carnations. every way a great man, a rare scholar, a born teach- Shortly after 4 o'clock, the teachers of the school , er, an honor student in college, a college professor, led by the principal; Mr. Regan and the guest of a poet, widely ready in philosophy and psychology , honor, marched with the sound of the piano to their a long-time principal of the Chicago high school, places, designated by cards, at the table. From the and longest-time superintendent of schools in the head of the table smiled Miss Margaret Byrne's city. He went to the high school when it was in gentle face with its halo of silver hair. For the its infancy, and when he left the superintendency event was all in her honor, as an expression of the practically all the annexation had been made, and to love and esteem in which she is held by her co- all intents and purposes the city was as large as it is workers . On the obverse side of each card was a to-day. Practically there were as many high schools bit of wisdom, more or less relevant to the occasion, and grammar schools as now. In his day the whose reading aloud furnished mirth enough to schools, the teachers, and the management were as serve as a relish for the feast which followed. near the people as anything known in the country, At its close, Mr. Regan gave a short address Friction was so slight and infrequent as not to ir- with "Faithfulness " as its theme. He cited from ritate. The school board, the superintendent, the history instances to prove that faithfulness is essen- assistants, the special supervisors, principals, the tial to success, however much one may possess of teachers, the press, the public had grown up to- talent or even genius. This trait the speaker de- gether, had worked with a common purpose and for clared was a leading one in Miss Byrne's charac- a common cause. His specialists in music and art ter, as had been evidenced by prompt, regular at- and his assistants were men and women of national tendance and devotion to the interests of the thou- prominence, leaders in the press and on the plat- sands of pupils who had come under her instruction form. His own annual addresses to the teachers in the forty and more years she had been engaged in were classics, and formed the only volume of ad- school work. In conclusion Mr. Regan presented CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 5 ANNOUNCEMENTS . The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teach- ers' Federation will meet Monday, May 16, at 4 p. m., in Room 437, Unity Bldg. FLORENCE E. TENNERRY, Cor. Secretary. 194 Oakwood Blvd. The regular meeting of the Chicago Teachers ' Federation will be held at Fullerton Hall Saturday , May 14, at 10:30 a. m. CHICAGO TEACHERS ' CLUB . will give a luncheon Saturday, May 14, 1:00 p. m. , at the Randolph Lunch Club, 82 East Randolph street. Plates, 35 cents . Miss Mary McDowell of the University of Chi- cago Settlement, will give an address on the sub- ject, "Every Teacher a Social Center. " Election of officers. Admission to non-members , 15 cents . MARY E. REYNOLDS , EMILY A. HAYWARD , President. Corresponding Secretary . ( Continued from page 3. ) Friday Evening, 8 O'clock. Fullerton Hall, Art Institute. MISS MARGARET BYRNE Invocation- Chorus- Boy Choir of Grace Episcopal Church. Harrison Wild, Director . to Miss Byrne a picture, Lost, by Schenk, the gift Address-Hon Ben B. Lindsey of Denver. of the faculty of the Sherman School. "Why There Is a Boy Problem." Miss Byrne's reply was characteristic in its in- Discussion - Mr. Amos Butler, Ind. State Board of genuousness. Who but Miss Byrne would ever Charities ; Miss Mary McDowell, Mrs. Martha have said, " If the children had not been so good, I Falconer. could not have gotten along so well." By request Saturday Morning, 9:30 O'clock. Mandel Hall, University of Chicago. Miss Byrne also gave several reminiscences of early Invocation—Dr. Charles R. Henderson. days in her teaching experience and of her recent trip to Texas. The afternoon closed with several Music-Girl's Glee Club U. of C. musical numbers by the teachers, including the sing- Greeting . ing of "Auld Lang Syne" by all present. Address-Supt. James L. Hughes of Toronto. "Education for the Art of Life ." Miss Byrne was born in Utica, N. Y. When but Discussion-Hon. Alfred Bayliss, State Supt of a young child she moved with her parents to a farm Schools . in northern Illinois, where she received her early Mrs. E. R. Weeks , Pres. Missouri education in a country school. Congress of Mothers . She belongs to a family of educators, being a sis- Mrs. E. C. Grice, Pres. New Jersey ter of the late Miss Sarah Byrne of the Lake High Congress of Mothers . and of John Byrne, who was principal of the Au- 1:30 P. M.- Luncheon at Hotel Del Prado to Na- burn Park school at the time of his death . tional Officers, Delegates and Guests. Miss Byrne began her work as a teacher in 1861 . All sessions open to Public except Friday after- Her early work was chiefly in Cook county, having noon . taught at Sag. Lemont and Hastings during the time of ex- Superintendent John F. Eberhart's su- pervision, which she recalls with great pleasure. Only the deaf and dumb •She moved to Englewood about 1870, after which fail to appreciate the she became a student at the Cook County Normal and graduating in the early seventies. Since then she has taught continuously, first in the Graham, TELEPHONE then the Oak Ridge and lastly in the Sherman, from which she resigned January, 1904. now- a-days . She had taught for more than fifteen years at the latter school. Always gentle, faithful, motherly, Business Residence& 5 Cents per and day up . she has greatly endeared herself to her pupils, her fellow-teachers and the community, who unite in CHICAGO TELEPHONE CO . wishing her many years of enjoyment of her well- 203 Washington Street. earned rest. 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETΙΝ. THE PENALTY OF THE SYSTEMATIC LIFE . The effect on nerves of the systematic life, more especially in its minor, even trivial, details, was Do You Intend strikingly pictured in a paper by Dr. O. T. Osborne of the Yale medical school faculty, read at the last to Visit the World's Fair? meeting in Washington of the American Therapeu- tic Society. Stated technically, the penalty is "ner- vous disturbances of the heart and debility of the If so we wish to call your atten- heart muscle, hastening a degeneration of the circu- tion to the Christian Endeaver latory system that comes normally only late in life." Hotel & Auditorium Co., who The unremitting persistency of effort to be "on have erected a mammoth hotel time" throughout the working, if not the waking hours, rising, breakfasting, reading the newspaper, just opposite the entrance to the reaching the office, keeping a series of engagements , grounds and will make reduced each within an allotted minimum, or doing the daily stint of routine work, all "according to schedule," rate of $1.00 per day for room or means an uneased strain on the human machine . $2.00 per day for room and The effect, accustomed to it as we are, is not recog- nized until brought home by some unexpected out- board, providing parties hold break of irritation, often entirely disproportionate to Charter certificate which cost is the cause. Scribner's Magazine. $1.00 and is transferable. Pamphlets and all information APPLE - PIE ORDER . Many will be surprised to learn from the follow- can be had at their Chicago of- ing paragraph that a person who keeps things in fice, 1408 Monadnock Bldg. , Tel. "apple-pie order" is not to be so much admired as Harrison, 3735. generally supposed. The story goes that an old lady of Windsor was in the habit of making seven apple pies every Satur- FROST & ALDRED Chicago Representatives . day for use during the following week, and she la- beled a pie for each day of the week. Now, as the Avail yourself now of this op- pies were exactly alike, and made at the same time, there was no reason at all why she should not have portunity. taken any one pie on any day, the labeling being, of course, a sheer waste of time. The old lady's ab- surd habit became well known, and thus it came about that any man who was methodical to the point of foolishness was said to keep things in "apple- pie order." If, then, you want to be considered wise you must leave "apple-pie order" severely Let us help you save alone. . THE UNSOPHISTICATED MUZHIK . 1. We give you the free use of Charlemagne Tower, the American ambassador a handsome nickel -plated to Russia, tells this story about a muzhik (Russian steel savings bank. We peasant) : This native fellow is something like a boy and keep the key. something like an Irishman. He is, as a rule, very 2. We are open Monday even- simple, very kind. A typical muzhik entered one day a railroad sta- ings 5:30 to 8, besides usual tion. He approached the agent, and asked when a hours. certain train would leave for a certain place. The agent told him distinctly, and, seeming satisfied, he 3. We pay 3% interest, com- departed. But a moment later he was back again, and again he asked the agent the same question. pounded twice a year. "Why," the agent exclaimed, "I told you that only 4. We invite small deposits. a minute ago ! " "You did, truly," the muzhik answered, "but it isn't myself that wants to know this time. It's my mate outside." Royal Trust Company Bank. IF I CAN SUCCEED Royal Insurance Building, inmaking clear to you what is meant by LOANS BY 169 Jackson Boulevard, CORRESPONDENCE you will never borrow onany A State Bank . Established 1891. otherplan. Address E. B., Federation Bulletin, 437 UnityBldg . By permission I give this paper as my reference. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 7 FEDERAL The First TRUST & SAVINGS National $2,000,000 CAPITAL BANK SURPLUS $500,000 A Banking, Savings and Trust Company Bank business transacted. We invite interviews or correspondence from individuals, firms or corporations contemplating making changes or opening is now new accounts . OFFICERS. DIRECTORS . located in its Thomas P. Phillips, President. E. H. Gary, Chairman, Charles Deering, Nathan G. Moore, W. J. Chalmers. new office , Vice President and Alfred H. Mulliken. Counsel. C. B. Shedd. Charles S. Castle, A. E. Musbaum . Cashier. T. P. Phillips. F. J. Scheidenhelm, Norman B. Ream . Asst. Cashier. Nathan G. Moore . 119 Edwin L. Wagner, Asst. Cashier. Irving J. Shuart, E. J. Buffington. D. W. Burrows, W. E. Phillips. Secretary. J. N. Vance. Monroe St. N. E. Cor. La Salle and Adams Streets . EVERENOS THE ARE YOU AWARE THAT NORTH AMERICAN The REVIEW JOHN CHURCH CO. literary event ofthe 260 WABASH AVE. THE mo1904notable HB most year will be the serial publi cation in THE NORTH AMERICAN Allotu REVIEW of a new novel, "The Son of Royal Langbrith," by William Dean Special Discounts Howells,beginningintheJanuary number to School Teachers? 50 cents acopy; $5.00 ayear Write Dept. "8" for Catalogues, Prices, Terms, Eto. The North American Review, HARVARNOS FRANKLIN SQUARE, Ν. Υ. 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. "Follow the Flag" to the WABASH WORLD'S FAIR, ST. LOUIS THE WABASH Has fifteen tracks direct to the World's Fair grounds. Has its own terminal station at the main entrance. Will run trains every 2 minutes from Union Station, St. Louis, to the World's Fair grounds. Will be able to take care of private cars at the World's Fair terminals . Write for handsome, illustrated World's Fair Folder, containing colored maps of St. Louis and the World's Fair Grounds. C. S. CRANE, G. P. & Τ. Α. TICKET OFFICE, F. A. PALMER, A. G. P. A. ST . LOUIS, MO . 97 Adams St., 'Phone Central 3046 CHICAGO , ILL. ‫م‬ THE FAIR , Chicago New Spring Suit, 12.75 One of the new Etons with a strikingly pretty neck effect which consists of aplain short-scalloped band, tastefully ornamented with buttons. Novelty braid with glint of scarlet gives a suggestion of the military suit. Has graduated panel waist front; 3 box plaits, extending half way down the 12.75 sleeves, end prettily in a puff. Fine quality of etamine cheviot, in black, blue and the popular golden brown, 12.75. Others at the same price, in the new short jacket style, tucked and trimmed with taffeta silk, fancy braid and novelty buttons; some plaited. They're made of imported men's suitings, in black, blue and brown, 12.75. Lot1 comprises short and long coats, fine $35 Winter Jackets, 7.95-The sea- satinlined,madeofexcellent ity kersey, odds & ends of lastqual- sea- 7.95 son's best styles, too, and just the thing for son's selling. Have been selling regularly the remaining cold days of this winter . up to as high as $35, your choice at7.95. Will be acceptable next winter, when the Lot 2 includes many of the short winter samegarmentwould cost you many times the coats-kerseys and zibelines, in blue, black and castor, a splendid assortment $2 embrace our entire stockofwom 7.95 and have been selling up to $10. You can't en's winter coats, divided into afford to miss this sale; your choice, $2. || two lots, priced at 7.95 and $2 respectively. Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin 100 Vol. 3. CHICAGO , MAY 13, 1904. No. 23 . BUSINESS AS TREASON. tom of the country, by which our political leaders are hired, by bribery, by the license to loot, and Excerpts from " Enemies of the Republic" by Lincoln by quiet moral support to conduct the government Steffins . of city, state, and nation, not for the common good, Every time I attempted to trace to its sources the but for the special interests of private business . Not political corruption of a city ring, the stream of pol- the politician, then, not the bribe-taker, but the lution branched off in the most unexpected direc- bribe-giver, the man we are so proud of, our suc- tions and spread out in a network of veins and ar- cessful business man he is the source and the sus- teries so complex that hardly any part of the body tenance of our bad government. The captain of politic seemed clear of it. It flowed out of the ma- industry is the man to catch. His is the trail to jority party into the minority ; out of politics into follow. vice and crime ; out of business into politics, and We have struck that trail before. Whenever we back into business; from the boss, down through followed the successful politician, his tracks led us the police to the prostitute, and up through the into it, but also they led us out of the cities- practice of law, into the courts ; and big throbbing from Pittsburg to the State Legislature at Harris- arteries ran out through the country over the State burg ; from Philadelphia, through Pennsylvania, to to the Nation-and back. No wonder cities can't the National Legislature at Washington . To go on get municipal reform ! No wonder Minneapolis , was to go into state and national politics, and I was having cleaned out its police ring of vice grafters , after the political corruption of the city ring men . now discovers boodle in the council ! No wonder Now I know that these are all one. The trail Chicago, with council-reform and boodle beaten , of the political leader and the trail of the com- finds itself a Minneapolis of police and administra- mercial leader are parallels which mark the plain, tive graft ! No wonder Pittsburg, when it broke main road that leads off the dead level of the cities , out of its local ring, fell, amazed, into a State ring! up through the States into the United States, out No wonder New York, with good government, of the political ring into the System, the living Sys- votes itself back into Tammany Hall ! tem of our actual government. The highway of They are on the wrong track ; we are, all of us, corruption is the " road to success ." on the wrong track. You can't reform a city by Almost any State would start us right, but Mis- reforming part of it. You can't reform a city souri is the most promising. Joseph W. Folk, the alone. You can't reform politics alone. And Circuit Attorney of St. Louis, has not only laid as for corruption and the understanding wide open the road out there ; he knows it is the ing thereof, we cannot run 'round and ' round in way of a system. He didn't at first. He, too. municipal rings and understand ring corruption ; thought he was fighting political corruption, and it isn't a ring thing. We cannot remain in one city, that the whole of it was the St. Louis ring. But or ten, and comprehend municipal corruption ; it he got the ring. Mr. Folk has convicted the boss isn't a local thing. We cannot " stick to a party." and members of the "boodle combine" that was sell- and follow party corruption ; it isn't a partisan ing out his city ; yet the ring does not break. Why ? thing. And I have found that I cannot confine myself Because back of the boodlers stand the big business to politics and grasp all the ramifications of political men who are buying the city up. But Folk got the corruption ; it isn't political corruption. It's cor- business men, too : Charles H. Turner, president of ruption. The corruption of our American politics the Suburban Railway Company, president of the is our American corruption, political, but financial Commonwealth Trust Company ; Philip Stock, sec- and industrial, too. Miss Tarbell is showing it in retary of the St. Louis Brewery Association ; Ellis the trust, Mr. Baker in the labor union, and my Wainwright , the millionaire brewer ; George J. Ko- gropings into the misgovernment of cities have busch , president of the St. Louis Car Company ; drawn me everywhere, but, always, always out of Robert N. Snyder, banker and promoter, of Kansas politics into business , and out of the cities into the City and New York ; John Scullen, ex-president of state. Business started the corruption of politics in street railways , a director then and now of steam Pittsburg ; upholds it in Philadelphia ; boomed with railways, a director then and now of the Louisiana it in Chicago and withered with its reform ; and în Purchase Exposition. These are not " low-down New York, business financed the return of Tam- politicians " ; they are "respectable business men. " many Hall. Here, then, is our guide out of the Having discovered early that boodlers flew in pairs : labyrinth. Not the political ring, but big business, that wherever there was a bribe-taker, there also -that is the crux of the situation. Our political was a bribe-giver, Folk hunted them in pairs. And corruption is a system, a regularly established cus- in pairs he brought them down. 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETΙΝ. That's what's the matter. "That man Folk" is forced out of committee, and was driving through attacking the System. If he had confined his chase the Senate, a bill to put a just tax on the franchises to that unprotected bird, the petty boodler, all might of public service corporations. The lobby dared have been well. Indeed, there was a time, just be- not stop it. But Colonel Phelps took one day "his fore the first trial of the boss, Col. Ed. Butler, when accustomed place" behind a curtain back of the Lieu- the ring was in a panic and everybody ran . Ifhe tenant-Governor's chair, and he wrote out amend- had stayed his hand then, Folk could have been ment after amendment, passed them to Senator governor of Missouri, the leader of his party, and a Frank Farris, who introduced them, and the lobby very rich man. But he would not stop. These put them through, so that the bill passed,"smothered were not the things he was after. At that moment to death." he was after Boss Butler ; and he got him. When Lieutenant- Governor Lee drew aside that "And the conviction of Butler," he said recently, curtain he revealed the real head of the government "is the point where we passed out of the ring into of Missouri. I mean this literally. I mean that the System." this System I have been describing is a form of Butler was not only the boss of the ring ; he was government ; it is the government. We must not be the tool of the System. He was the man through confused by constitutions and charters. The con- whom the St. Louis business man did business with stitution of Missouri describes a Governor and his the combine, and Folk hadn't caught all the busi- duties, a legislature and the powers lodged in a ness men involved. The first time I met him, early Senate and a House of Representatives, etc. , etc. in his work, he was puzzled by the opposition or This is the paper government. In Missouri this silence of officials and citizens, who, he thought, paper government has been superseded by an actual should have been on his side. The next time I government, and this government is :-a lobby, with saw him this mystery was clearing. One by one a combine of legislators, the Democratic State Com- those people were turning up in this deal or 'way mittee, and state leaders and city bosses for agents. back of that one. He could not reach them ; he One bribe, two bribes, a hundred bribes might not can never reach them all ; but there they were, and be so bad, but what we have seen here is a System they, their relatives, their friends, their lawyers , of bribery, corruption installed as the motive, the their business and social associates "nobody can purpose, the spirit of a state government. A revo- realize," says Mr. Folk, "the infinite ramifications of lution has happened. Bribes, not bullets, were this thing"-they, and " this thing," the "vested in- spent in it, and the fighting was slow and quiet, but terest" of St. Louis, are the St. Louis Sys- victory seemed sure ; the bribe-takers were betray- tem. * * * ing the government of the people to an oligarchy of The lid was off Missouri. The stone Mr. Folk bribe- givers , when Joseph Folk realized the truth. had had so long to leave unturned, was lifted. What "Bribery ," he declared, "is treason, and a boodler was under it ? Squirming in the light and writhing is a traitor. " off into their dark holes, were state senators and "Bosh !" cried the lawyers. " Poppy-cock, " the state officers, state committee-men, and party lead- cvnics sneered, and the courts rule out the cases. ers, but also there were the Western Union Tele- "Bribery," said Judge Priest, at the trial of the graph Company, the Missouri Pacific Railroad, the banker, Snyder, " is, at the most, a conventional St. Louis and San Francisco, the Iron Mountain crime." " Corruption is an occasional offense," the and Southern, the Wabash ; Mr. Folk's old friend, ring orators proclaim, but they answer themselves, the St. Louis Transit Company; the breweries, the for they say also, "corruption is not a vice only of stock yards, the telephone companies ; business men Missouri, it is everywhere." of St. Louis , St. Joseph, and Kansas City-the big "It is everywhere," Folk answers, and because he business of the whole State. There they were, the has realized that, because he realized that boodling "contemptible bribe-taker" and the very " respect- is the custom and that the "occasional" boodler who able" bribe-giver, all doing business together. So sells his vote, is selling the state and altering the they will still travel in pairs ; and the highway still very form of our government, he has declared lav between the deadly parallels-business and pol- boodle to be a political issue. And because the peo- itics . The System was indeed bigger than St. Louis ; ple do not see it so, and because he saw that no mat- it was the System of Missouri . ter how many individual boodlers he might catch , There is nothing partisan about graft. Only the he, the Circuit. Attorney of St. Louis, could not people are loyal to party. The "hated" trusts, all stop boodling even in St. Louis, Mr. Folk an- big grafters , go with the majority. In Democratic nounced himself a candidate for governor and is Missouri , the Democracy is the party of " capital." now appealing his case to the people, who alone can The Democratic political leaders, crying down the stop it. His party shrieked and raged, but because trusts, corner the voters like wheat, form a political it is his party, because he thinks his party is the trust, and sell out the sovereignty of the people to party of the people, and because his party is the the corporation lobby. And the lobby runs the state, responsible, the boodle, party in his state, he made not only in the interest of its principals, but against the issue first in his own party. He has asked the interest of the people. Once, when an election his people to take back the control of it and clean it up. bill was up the bill to turn over the cities to the Democrats-citizens of Kansas City, Democrats Thus, at last, is raised in St. Louis and Missouri among them, had to hire a lobbyist to fight it, and the plain, great question: Do the people rule ? Will when this lobbyist found that the interest of his they, can they rule ? And the answer of Missouri corporations required the passage of the bill, he will be national, almost racial in importance. Both sent back his fee with an explanation. And this the Democracy and the democracy are being put to the test out there. story was told me as an example of the honesty of that lobbyist ! Lieutenant-Governor Lee in his con- But Missouri cannot decide alone. "Corruption fession gave another such example, Public opinion is everywhere. " The highway of corruption which CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 3 Folk has taken as the road to political reform, goes European army could do in two wars. He was not far beyond Missouri. When he and Attorney-Gen- a politician, but a business man ; not a boodler, but eral Crow lifted the lid off Missouri, they disturbed the backer of boodlers, and his conversation was a the lid over the United States, and they saw wig- defense of "poor human nature," till the orchestra gling among their domestic industries and state of- struck up a patriotic air. That moved him deeply. ficials, three "foreign trusts"-the American Sugar "Isn't it beautiful !" he exclaimed ; and when the Refining Company, the American Book Company, boodlers joined in the chorus, he murmured, " Beau- and the Royal Baking Powder Company. These are tiful, beautiful," then leaned over and with tears national concerns ; they operate all over the United in his eves he said : States; and they are purely commercial enterprises "Ah, but the tune for me, the song I love, is 'My with probably purely commercial methods. What Country 'tis of Thee.' " they do, therefore, is business pure and simple ; their I believe this man thinks he is patriotic. I believe way will be the way of business. But off behind H. O. Havemeyer thinks his success is success, not them slunk a United States Senator, the Honorable one kind of success, but success, not alone his, but William J. Stone. He was on the same road. So public " prosperity." And William Ziegler, who is they still run in pairs, and the road to success still spending millions to plant the American flag first lies between the two parallels, and it leads straight at the North Pole, I am sure he regards himself as a to Washington, where, in political infinity, as it peculiarly patriotic American-and he is. They all were, in that chamber of the bosses, the United* * * are, according to their light, honorable men and pa- States Senate, the parallels seem to meet. triotic citizens. They simply do not know what But what of the captain of industry ? What of patriotism is. They know what treason is in war ; the Royal Baking Powder Company, what of the it is going over to the enemy, like Benedict Arnold, Gould railroads, what of the breweries ? What of and fighting in the open against your country. In Ellis Wainwright and George J. Kobusch and John peace and in secret to seize, not forts but cities and Scullen ? What of all the rest of the big business states, and destroy, not buildings and men but the men ? They are the sources of our political corrup- fundamental institutions of your country and the tion. What of the System back of the corrupt saving character of American manhood that is not rings ? That is the sustenance of our political deg- treason. That is politics, and politics is business, radation . Ellis Wainwright, a fugitive from jus- and business, you know, is business. tice, dines in Paris with the American ambassador, who is negotiating a treaty for the extradition of "Do you really call it wrong to buy a switch ? " asked a St. Louis business man. "Even if it is nec- bribers. A group of the ablest criminal lawyers in essary to your business ?" New York, at a hearing before Governor Odell at Albany, could not speak of John A. Lee without "Say," said a politician, "if a rich mogul comes twisting their faces into ludicrous scorn; but they along and shakes his swag in your face and asks for were defending William Ziegler from extradition to a switch that he has a right to get, because he needs Missouri. And John Scullen !-I cited once, as an it in his business, wouldn't you grab off a piece ? example of the shamelessness of St. Louis, the fact On the level, now, wouldn't you ?" that Turner, the State's witness in the boodle cases, They answer each other, these two, and each can was still president of his trust company. When I judge the other, but neither can see himself as he is returned to the city, some honest business men told or the enormity of his crime. And "that man Folk," me triumphantly that Turner had had to resign. rising out of the wrecked machinery of justice in "Is John Scullen still a director of the World's Missouri, may lead his people to see that the corrup- Fair ?" I asked. tion of their government is not merely corruption, He was, they said. "Then why has Turner been but a revolutionary process making for a new form punished?" I inquired. "Was it because he boodled, of government; and the people of Missouri, rising or because he was a traitor to the System and out of the wrecked machinery of the government of peached ?" Missouri, may teach their politicians a lesson in lib- "Because he peached, I guess, " was the answer, erty and honor. But that is not enough. That will and there lies the bitter truth. There is no public reach neither the source nor the head of the evil. opinion to punish the business boodler, and that is Some power greater than Folk, greater than that why Joseph W. Folk had to go into politics and run of the people of Missouri, must rise to bring home for governor out in the state with "boodle" for the to the captain of industry the truth: That busi- sole issue. He is laying down as a political platform ness, important as it is, is not sacred ; that not every- the doctrine of the new patriotism, that corruption thing that pays is right; that, if bribery is treason , is treason ; that the man who, elected to maintain the if the corrupt politician is a traitor, then the cor- institutions of a government by the people, sells rupting business man is an enemy of the republic. them out, is a traitor; whether he be a constable, a No matter how many bonds he may float in war, or legislator, a judge, or a boss, his act is not alone how much he may give for charity and education, bribery, but treason. His appeal is to the politician, if he corrupt the sources of law and of justice, his thepeople, and the business man, all three, and there business is not success but-treason and a people's is hope in all three. The politician is not without failure. patriotic sentiment : Ed. Butler does not mean harm to his country; he is only trying to make money at LOANS TO TEACHERS his business. And as for the business man One night at a banquet of politicians, I was By a Teacher seated beside a man who had grown rich by un- AT LIVE AND LET LIVE LOW RATES swerving loyalty to a corrupt ring "the party or- "Wherewithal" for Wee Tours to St. Louis. ganization," he would have called it which had L. A. care FEDERATION BULLETIN, 437 UNITY BUILDING . done more permanent harm to his country than a 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION tends to decrease the number who marry, thus pre- BULLETIN venting them from undertaking their natural work in the world, that men appeal to the boys' sense of Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, justice and right, while the woman appeals to the Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, child through sentiment. December 23, 1901. They complain of the loss of social standing on THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the account of teaching being a feminized profession. year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of The lower wages paid women teachers is the rea- April andDecember, by the Chicago Teachers' Federation. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single copies, Five Cents. son for their being employed, but they point out ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received that the loss to the boy in self reliance, courage, byTuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to high purpose and manly character, far outweighs the the order of the Federation Bulletin. less wages paid the women. They recommend the THE EDITOR , increase of their own salaries, but not those of the 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO . women, to the end that men can afford to devote Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. their life to the profession. We wonder it has never occurred to these men TEACHERS' SALARY SUIT . that the easiest and most effectual way of ridding themselves of the women teachers is to put all their On May 7 the attorneys for the Board of Edu- cation filed the last of their briefs in the teachers' force into securing the passage of a law requiring equal pay for equal work in the public schools irre- salary suit. The teachers' attorneys expect to file the remainder of theirs within the time allotted them spective of sex, and then if the people prefer to have men teachers over their boys, there will not be this by the court, that is, five days after the filing of the barrier of wages . It would then be the one best final briefs by the board's attorneys. The whole fitted to fill the position, rather than the one who matter will be in the hands of the court by the end could be obtained for the least money, who would of this week, and a decision may be reached within secure the position. The women I know would be ten days or two weeks, though it may be longer. only too glad to take their chances on this basis. The time allowed by the court for the filing of all This remarkable report closes by saying it is briefs was twenty-five days from the date of closing wrong to give education over to a class. If this the hearing, it will be seventy days instead of association thinks it wrong to give education over to twenty-five. a class I would like to ask what they think about giving our government over to a class. Women are LINCOLN STEFFIN'S ARTICLE . obliged to submit to a far greater wrong through Lincoln Steffin's article in the April McClure's on having the government, which they not only help to "Enemies of the Republic" has caused so much com- support but whose laws they must obey, given over ment that we print portions of it in this issue for entirely to a class, and one of the injustices to which the benefit of such readers of the Bulletin as may they must submit through this injustice is teaching have missed the magazine article . in the public schools for from one-half to two-thirds It is unquestionably the most remarkable article the salary paid a man for the same work, but we of its kind that has ever been written, and though never hear a word of protest from the Male Teach- Mr. Steffins has sounded an alarm that would or- ers' Association against this injustice. If they wish dinarily have caused him to be placed in the category justice done to themselves they would better first ex- of " alarmists," no one has dared to apply that title hibit a little of it toward their sister teachers . to him or to deny the justice of his arraignment of ELNORA М. ВАВСOCK. the "Good Business Interests" and the " System." No teacher can afford to leave this article unread. MAN WILL SOME DAY RECOGNIZE WOMAN AS HIS PEER. TOO MANY WOMEN TEACHERS, SO SAY THE MEN TEACHERS. Until woman has obtained "that right protective of all other rights the ballot," this agitation must The report of the Mosley Educational Commis- go on, absorbing the time and the energy of our best sion of England to the effect that only men should be and strongest women. Who can measure the ad- employed as teachers for boys above ten years of age vantages that would result if the magnificent abili- has been followed by a similar report from the Male ties of these women could be devoted to the needs Teachers' Association of New York City. of government, society, home, instead of being con- The evils resulting from the employment of so sumed in the struggle to obtain their birthright of many women teachers, according to these superior individual freedom ? Until this be gained we can male teachers , are many. Prof. Armstrong of Lon- never know, we cannot even prophesy, the capacity don tells us that woman, having been the slave of and power of woman for the uplifting of humanity. man through her entire existence, is incapable of It may be delayed longer than we think, it may be teaching boys, but is all right for girls. We won- here sooner than we expect, but the day will come der how such inferior mothers can produce such when man will recognize woman as his peer, not wonderful sons, and especially when we consider only at the fireside, but in the councils of the nation. that a boy inherits, as a rule, the personal and in- Then , and not until then, will there be the perfect tellectual traits of the mother and the daughter those comradeship, the ideal union between the sexes, that of the father. shall result in the highest development of the race. The New York Association complains that the What this shall be we may not attempt to define, " feminizing of the teaching force" is the cause of but this we know, that only good can come to the there being so few boys in the high schools, that individual or to the nation through the rendering of the maintenance of so many unmarried teachers exact justice. SUSAN B. ANTHONY. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 5 BOARD OF EDUCATION WED . MAY 11, 1904. ANNOUNCEMENTS . RESIGNATION OF PRESIDENT HARRIS . Clayton Mark was elected President, to take the place of Graham H. Harris , who resigned from that The regular meeting of the Chicago Teachers ' position, owing to the pressure of private business. Federation will be held at Fullerton Hall Saturday, Resolutions of regret for Thomas Brenan were May 14, at 10:30 a. m. adopted by a standing vote and ordered spread upon FLORENCE E. TENNERRY, Cor. Secretary. the minutes. Meeting adjourned. 194 Oakwood Blvd. TEACHER'S CERTIFICATE REVOKED. The following reports were adopted : The Committee on School Management reports The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teach- that it is in receipt of the following report from ers' Federation will meet Monday, May 16, at the Superintendent of Schools, and recommends 4 p. m., in Room 437, Unity Bldg. concurrence therein : CHICAGO TEACHERS ' CLUB . "The Superintendent of Schools respectfully re- ports that Williamina G. Swanson, a former teacher will give a luncheon Saturday, May 14, 1:00 p. m. , in the Chicago public schools, who resigned June 28, at the Randolph Lunch Club, 82 East Randolph 1901, asked for a reappointment on September 8, street. Plates , 35 cents. 1903, was placed on the list for appointment on Oc- Miss Mary McDowell of the University of Chi- tober 7, 1903, and on October 20, 1903, was assigned cago Settlement, will give an address on the sub- to the Fernwood School . ject, "Every Teacher a Social Center." Election "Mrs. Swanson was asked at the time of her ap- of officers. Admission to non-members, 15 cents. plication to make the statement concerning her mar- MARY E. REYNOLDS, President . riage and the date of birth of her youngest child, in 443 W. 64th St. view of the fact that the rules prohibit the appoint- EMILY A. HAYWARD , ment of any woman with a child under two years of Corresponding Secretary. age. Mrs. Swanson omitted any statement as to the age of her child, although there is a blank for such ice of nine years before a teacher could reach the statement on the information form which all candi- maximum of the First Group-$ 1,400. dates are required to fill out, thus leaving us to infer The Superintendent further recommends that sal- that she had no child. It has come to the notice of aries of teachers now employed in the departments the Superintendent that Mrs. Swanson's youngest of physical culture and manual training in the ele- child will not be two years of age until December mentary schools shall not be reduced by reason of 7, 1904. Mrs. Swanson has been directed to retire the adoption of a new schedule, but that teachers from the school . should be permitted to advance thereon to the next "The rules of the Board of Education provide that higher salary when they shall have served a year the certificate of any teacher shall not be valid at any at the salaries they are now receiving, and pro- time unless the teacher shall, within three years, vided that no teacher shall advance to the First have taught as a regularly assigned teacher in a Group or advance upon the salary schedule of the school of equal grade. Mrs. Swanson's certificate First Group without passing the promotional ex- amination . " would have expired on June 28, 1904, provided she had not taught as a regularly assigned teacher ; Adopted. and, in view of the fact that she has been teaching The Committee on School Management recom- since October 20, 1903, in violation of the rules of mends that the following named graduates of the the board, the Superintendent recommends that Chicago Normal School who have successfully com- such teaching shall not be considered as teaching in pleted the four months' cadet service required by the a regularly assigned position within the meaning of rules, be placed on the list for appointment to posi- the rule relating to validity of certificates." tions in the elementary schools, in accordance with MISS LUTIGER'S SALARY ALLOWED . the rules : Katherine A. Davey, Lorna Lydiard, That Mary E. Lutiger, a teacher of the Chalmers Nellie T. McGowan, Celia M. Rosenblatt. School, who was injured in the Iroquois fire, be That the following named former teachers in the granted a " leave of absence," with salary, for three Chicago public schools, who hold valid certificates, months. be placed on the list for appointment to positions in The Superintendent recommended that the fol- the elementary schools in accordance with the rules : lowing schedule of salaries be adopted for teachers Mary L. Anderson, Margaret Brookhouse, Grace C. of physical culture and teachers of manual training Fleming, Georgiana S. Mann , Frances Rix. in elementary schools : That Harriet A. Eckhardt, a teacher in the W. C. Second Group- Goudy School be elected to the position of teacher First year ...... $750 in charge of the Edgewater Branch of the Goudy Second year 800 School , which is located more than a half mile away Third year .......... .. 850 from the main building; and that her salary be in- Fourth year .......... 925 creased $75 per year in advance of the schedule of Fifth year ....... 1,000 teachers in the elementary schools, in accordance First Group- with the rules of the Board of Education, such ad- First year ................ .. $ 1,100 vance to date from the beginning of the school Second year ......... 1,200 month of May, 1904. Third year 1,300 That Agnes M. Mason, who has completed satis- Fourth year 1,400 factorily a term of four months' substituting in the This salary schedule would require a total serv- high schools, and who has had six years' experience 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . in high school work, be elected teacher in the Medill High School-salary third group, fourth year, ten hundred and fifty dollars per annum, to Do You Intend date from May 1, 1904. That Marie E. Holy, who has served satisfactorily to Visit the World's Fair? for four months as teacher of manual training in the elementary schools, be elected to the position of teacher of manual training in the clementary schools , If so we wish to call your atten - to date from May 2, 1904, and that her salary be tion to the Christian Endeaver fixed at the first year of the second group of salaries Hotel & Auditorium Co., who of teachers of manual training-seven hundred and fifty dollars-to date from May 2, 1904. have erected a mammoth hotel That Susanna A. Shanklin and Lucy V. Hos- just opposite the entrance to the man, who have served satisfactorily for four months grounds and will make reduced as teachers of cooking in the elementary schools, and that Teresa Anderson, who has served satis- rate of $1.00 per day for room or factorily for four months as teacher of sewing in the $2.00 per day for room and elementary schools, be elected to the position of teachers of cooking and sewing in the elementary board, providing parties hold schools , to date from May 2, 1904, and that the sal- Charter certificate which cost is ary of Susanna A. Shanklin be fixed at the second $1.00 and is transferable. year of the second group of salaries of teachers of household arts-eight hundred dollars ; and that the Certificates and all information salary of Lucy V. Mosman and Teresa Anderson be can be had at their Chicago of- fixed at the first year of the second group of salaries fice, 1408 Monadnock Bldg., Tel . of teachers of household arts-seven hundred and fifty dollars-to date from May 2, 1904. Harrison, 3735. That Eda H. McCollister and Claire C. Lund, transferred from the elementary schools to the de- FROST & ALDRED partment of physical culture in the elementary Chicago Representatives. schools and elected teachers of physical culture at the last meeting of the board, be paid the salary of Avail yourself now of this op- the first year of the second group of salaries of portunity. teachers of physical culture, $750.00, to advance thereon to the second year on the date at which their salaries as elementary teachers would have advanced to the second year. That Mary A. Weisman, a teacher in the Medill High School, whose certificate is only for teaching stenography and typewriting in the high schools, has Let us help you save not sufficient work in those subjects to complete her program, and that the teacher of stenography in the Marshall High School is on a leave of absence. 1. We give you the free use of The Superintendent therefore reports that he has transferred Mrs. Weisman to the Marshall High a handsome nickel - plated School for half a day's work each day. steel savings bank. We keep the key. IF I CAN SUCCEED 2. We are open Monday even- inmaking clear to you what is meant by LOANS BY ings 5:30 to 8, besides usual CORRESPONDENCE you will never borrow on any hours. other plan. Address E. B., Federation Bulletin, 437 Unity Bldg. By permission Igive this paper as my reference. 3. We pay 3% interest, com- pounded twice a year. Only the deaf and dumb 4. We invite small deposits. fail to appreciate the TELEPHONE Royal Trust Company now - a- days . Bank, Royal Insurance Building, Business Residence per day & 5 Cents and up. 169 Jackson Boulevard, A State Bank. Established 1891. CHICAGO TELEPHONE CO . 203 Washington Street. CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. FEDERAL The First TRUST & SAVINGS National $2,000,000 CAPITAL BANK SURPLUS $500,000 A Banking, Savings and Trust Company Bank business transacted. We invite interviews or correspondence from individuals, firms or corporations contemplating making changes or opening new accounts . is now OFFICERS. DIRECTORS. located in its Thomas P. Phillips, President. E. H. Gary, Chairman, Charles Deering, Nathan G. Moore, W. J. Chalmers. new office , Vice President and Counsel. Alfred H. Mulliken. C. B. Shedd. Charles S. Castle, A. E. Musbaum . Cashier. T. P. Phillips. F. J. Scheidenhelm, Norman B. Ream. Asst. Cashier. Nathan G. Moore. 119 Edwin L. Wagner, Asst. Cashier. Irving J. Shuart, E. J. Buffington. D. W. Burrows. W. E. Phillips. Secretary. J. N. Vance. Monroe St. N. E. Cor. La Salle and Adams Streets . EVERENOS THE ARE YOU AWARE THAT NORTH AMERICAN The REVIEW JOHN CHURCH CO. THE mostnotable literary event of the 260 WABASH AVE. THE year 1904 will be the serial publi cation in THE NORTH AMERICAN is Martdr Allow REVIEW of a new novel, "The Son of Royal Langbrith," by William Dean Special Discounts Howells,beginningintheJanuarynumber to School Teachers? 50 cents a copy; $5.00 ayear Write Dept. "8" for Catalogues, Prices, Terms, Eto. The North American Review, HARVARNOS FRANKLIN SQUARE, Ν. Υ. 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. WABASH " FOLLOW THE FLAG, " TAKE THE WABASH TO SAINT LOUIS THE ONLY LINE TO THE WORLD'S FAIR MAIN ENTRANCE. TICKET OFFICE, 97 Adams St. C. S. CRANE, G. P. & T. A. F. A PALMER, A. G. P. A. ST. LOUIS , MO . CHICAGO , ILL. THE FAIR , Chicago New Spring Suit, 12.75 One of the new Etons with a strikingly pretty neck effect which consists of a plain short-scalloped band, tastefully ornamented with buttons. Novelty braid with glint of scarlet gives a suggestion of the military suit. Has graduated panel waist front; 3 box plaits, extending half way down the 12.75 sleeves, end prettily in a puff. Fine quality of etamine cheviot, in black, blue and the popular goldenbrown, 12.75. Others at the same price, in the new short jacket style, tucked and trimmed with taffeta silk, fancy braid and novelty buttons; some plaited. They're made of imported men's suitings, in black, blue and brown, 12.75 . Lot 1 comprises short and long coats, fine $35 Winter Jackets, 7.95-The sea- satinlined,madeofexcellent sea- 7.95 son's best styles, too, and just the thing for ity kersey, odds & ends of lastqual- son's selling. Have been selling regularly the remaining cold days of this winter. up to as high as $35, your choice at 7.95. Will be acceptable next winter, when the Lot 2 includes many of the short winter samegarmentwould cost you many times the coats-kerseys and zibelines, in blue, black and castor. a splendid assortment $2 price we're asking embraceour now. They 7.95 entire stockofwom and have been selling up to $10. You can't en's winter coats, divided into afford to miss this sale; your choice, $2.|| two lots, priced at 7.95 and $2 respectively. Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin 100 Vol. 3. CHICAGO , MAY 20, 1904. No. 24. MISS ALLEN'S CASE HEARD . and, if the decision was unfavorable to the teachers they could appeal to the courts . Court Declares Her Suspension Illegal. The first argument was on the application for a Miss Elizabeth A. Allen, the principal of the writ to review the action of the board in appropriat- Hoboken Training School, who was suspended by ing $500 to pay the lecturer. The corporation at- the president of the Board of Education because of torney insisted that the board had the power to do her refusal to obey the order of the board and write this under section 51 of the laws of 1902. theses relative to lectures given by a New York Ex- Justice Collins maintained that it was a mis- professor named Abbott, with several hundred appropriation of the public moneys in that it was school teachers from different sections of the state, to be used for the education of teachers, whereas the were in the supreme court this morning when argu- law provided that funds raised for school purposes ment was heard on the different writs of certiorari should be used only for the education of children. applied for by counsel in the case. Mr. Minturn replied that in reality the work of In the gathering were members of the Jersey City educating the teachers was to provide for the edu- cation of the children. Teachers' Club and Teachers' Association, the New- ark Teachers' Guild, Elizabeth Teachers' Club and Justice Dixon, after a careful examination of the Primary Principals' Association. laws referred to by counsel, dismissed the applica- Prominent among those present were Principal tion, although stating that he did not regard the Otto Schulte of Newark, Dr. Hart, president of the lecturer as a teacher within the meaning of the law. Political Study Club of Jersey City, and Dr. Mary Counsel for the prosecution in the next argument Hussey of Orange. All took a deep interest in the said the Board of Education had no right to ask proceedings, as did the many politicians and others teachers to do anything that was not within the present. range of their employment, and to compel them to The result of the legal battle waged by ex-Justice write the theses asked for was certainly not within Gilbert Collins, representing Miss Allen, and Cor- such range. As told above, the court decided that poration Attorney James F. Minturn and W. Holt that question was one for appeal to the state educa- Apgar, who appeared for the Hoboken Board of tional authorities.-Hoboken Observer, May 14. Education, was that Miss Allen's suspension was set REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON SCHOOLS OF CHI- aside as illegally made, the statute providing that CAGO FEDERATION OF LABOR. such suspension could only be valid when ordered by the superintendent of education, which order should be approved by the president of the Board of Edu- Adopted May 15, 1904. cation. 1 Your committee recommends that the following In the matter of the suspension of Miss Allen, provisions be endorsed as essentials in any bill pro- Lawyer Apgar insisted that the law conferred on viding for an elected Board of Education for Chi- the Board of Education the power to make rules for cago to be enacted by the legislature in compliance the government of their subordinates. One of these with the vote of 117,617 in favor to 57,792 against, rules, he said, gave the power of suspension to the or more than two to one in favor of an elective president of the board. Board of Education : Justice Collins said that such power in usurpation I. Nomination to be by petition only. of the statutes could not be conferred, because the 2. Election at large. law provided that suspensions of teachers could only 3. Special election held for the purpose of elect- be made by the superintendent with the approval ing a Board of Education. of the president of the Board of Education. The Your committee further recommends that the re- testimony adduced showed that no such course had port be received as progress and that the committee been followed. be authorized and directed to bring the facts con- Justice Dixon, after hearing argument, decided cerning the needs of the public schools to the atten- that it was within the scope of the powers of the tion of the affiliated local unions and other organiza- Board of Education to establish a lecture course and tions interested in the welfare of the schools and to pay for the same out of the general fund under urge the passage of a bill providing for an elected their control. Board of Education. As to the right of the board to compel the attend- The committee takes pleasure in reporting that it, ance of teachers at these lectures and write theses has secured a list of speakers competent to present the court held that the question should be decided this matter who will gladly visit the local unions first by appeal to the state educational authorities, for the purpose, and the committee recommends 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. that the Chicago Federation of Labor invite the co- schools to a position which is well calculated to meet, operation of the local unions in securing to these if it does not actually meet, the reasonable demands speakers opportunity to place the matter before their of our community. Perhaps the most eloquent en- members . dorsement of this financial administration is to be found in the fact that by popular vote the board THE ST . LOUIS SCHOOL BOARD . was given authority to increase the school tax from four mills on each dollar to six mills . An Instance of Successful Home Rule . I do not feel competent to speak of the results which have been secured in the field of education Paper Read by Charles Nagel Before National Municipal proper. But it goes without saying that a manage- League in Chicago April 28, 1904. ment, which is in other respects so admirable, under which the employment of teachers must nec- (The St. Louis Board of Education is elected by essarily be governed by consideration of public in- the people.) terest and welfare alone, and the advantages of The implied assertion that our city is the happy whose facilities are in many respects so apparent, possessor of any institution which may serve as an cannot but have exerted a powerful influence upon instance of successful home rule, must be received the educational features as well. It is safe to say by the majority of my listeners with more or less that this board has not failed in the chief purpose surprise. Even those who are not altogether un- of a public school system, and that our schools familiar with the facts that have suggested this par- occupy a position in the front rank. Again, we ticular subject, may at first have been impressed need not depend upon our own approval, but may more with the boldness than with the happiness of confidently rely upon the word of distinguished the selection. men who are as competent as they are impartial. It is certainly true that St. Louis has for some For seven years this system has worked admirably time past enjoyed a political reputation, which is not -each year furnishing new proof of its wisdom. obscured by its negative qualities. " Shameless St. The only provision in the law looking to a preser- Louis has become a common characterization ; while vation of the non-partisan character of the board is the individual citizen away from home has become the oath which every member is required to take. reconciled to the playful inquiry whether he is in But so perfectly has the spirit which gave life to this search of a technicality to escape extradition papers . law been observed in its administration, that while Of our reputation it may be truly said that it at the first election the Republican and Democratic would be difficult to point to an accusation that has parties were represented in the proportion of eight not been made, and that having been made has not to four ; since then newly elected members have by been believed. common consent been equally divided. And what It is certainly no purpose of mine to deny the ex- is more important, the selections so made have in istence of extended corruption in our assemblies ; themselves, as a rule, been guarantees against par- and certainly not to deny the community's responsi- tisan abuse of any kind. Furthermore, the four com- bility for such a condition. But at the same time mittees under the provisions of the by-laws, have it seems right on this occasion to say that the entire been so arranged, and the manner of bringing all body politic is not therefore infected. business to the attention of members in anticipation Unexpectedly, in the midst of our confusion, of meetings has been such, that otherwise busy men when no voice from our midst could have found a have been able to give the required time and atten- hearing, there came the simple but effective state- tion to this board. Business is customarily transact- ment from President Eliot of Harvard, that he be- ed by unanimous action, at sessions that do not lieves the St. Louis School Board to be the best occupy more than an hour. Board of Education in the United States . Here , The question is naturally asked : How was this then, is a distinct branch of government, charged accomplished ? How was it possible in the very with the care of school interests of St. Louis . year and month of the inauguration of the city The provisions of the St. Louis law are simple ; government to which we are chiefly indebted for cur but the fundamental principles, while few in number, present disrepute, to induce the state legislature to constitute a radical departure from the views accept- enact such a law by the consent of the city's own ed up to that time. The rule of ward representa- representatives ? tion is abandoned, as having no proper application To repeat, it was done without agitation or antag- to a system which, in the nature of things, cannot onisms. There was no attempt to monopolize credit have peculiar local interests to understand or to for the change by person or party, or to throw the serve . The board consists of twelve members, and burden of discredit upon any one organization , these are elected at large. Every two years four thereby forcing it in an effort at self-defense to go members are elected, so that it is never within the to the rescue of those who were assailed. The very power of a combination, whether of political forces opposite course was pursued. or otherwise, to secure control in any one election. Amore important question may be : How was it The absence of easy opportunity in itself thus ma- possible to retain this law without substantial oppo- terially decreases the danger of temptation. sition, in the face of the many and varied legislative In point of economy the results are most sur- attacks that have in the meantime been made upon prising. Experience, care and wisdom, such as are the city's right to local self-government. usually found only in large financial enterprises, In answer I should say that the very character of have been employed to husband the finances. By the the institution ought to arouse the moral sentiment purchase of property in anticipation of actual needs, of the public against an attempt to bring it within by prudent investment, and by business-like expendi- partisan control. This was true when within two ture, the board has managed, in a comparatively years after the inauguration of this system such an short period of time, to raise the finances of our attack was made, and this would be still more true CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 3 now, when public sentiment is asserting itself man and was qualified to take advantage of every against the partisan control of even police and elec- opportunity offered him. tion regulations. That is the lesson which this remarkable Sunday But, above all, I should say that we are indebted school address is designed to enforce. to the wisdom and the moderation of the members Of course, Mr. Rockefeller did not tell the young themselves. In the administration of the law, they men to whom he was speaking how he managed, have observed the same policy which made the through secret and unlawful arrangements with enactment of the law possible. railroad companies, and otherwise, to corner the oil By wise consent the members have accomplished of the country. That is a branch of industry which what no law could enforce. In preferring neither he leaves to Henry Demarest Lloyd, Ida M. Tarbell political organization, they have given satisfactory and the records of courts and congressional investi- recognition to both. In claiming particular credit gating committees to deal with. It does not serve for no person and no party, they have made the the purposes very well of a gentleman who is bent on entire board the easy recipient of the public's com- mingling pious counsel with commercial instruction. mon approval. The most interesting thing about Mr. Rockefeller It is an unmixed privilege and pleasure to be is not his vast wealth. He is in possession of treas- called upon to speak of an organization, in which ures more valuable to him than his money. One the triumph of the cause so happily measures the of these treasures is a conscience made to order, merits of the members. Steady, well considered, which never rings a reproach when its questioning sane work is so much more effective than heated button is pressed by his own hand. and spasmodic revolt, which may be inspired in part Nature has been kind to Mr. Rockefeller also in by resentment, in part by hero worship, and which, leaving the sense of humor out of his composition ; as it impatiently presses on to its immediate goal, is therefore, he is free from fear of the laughter of almost sure to invite the opposition that must de- the scornful when he rises in the role of the vener- stroy it. able sage bestowing wisdom gratis on the rising It goes without saying that no law can perpetuate generation. itself ; and I need not add that I do not contend for It was Oliver Wendell Holmes who said that the the absolute perfection of this particular law. I be- sectarian student while reading history has a third lieve that it is well calculated to give opportunity to eyelid, like a hen's, which falls automatically be- such men as every great city without question can tween his mind and the inconvenient facts encoun- produce; and that it merits the approval which most tered. competent authorities have expressed. I am espe- Mr. Rockefeller in viewing his career has the use cially interested, however, to bring to public atten- of an eyelid of that kind, and he keeps it well oiled. tion the fact that in spite of our unhappy reputation Thus is he able to say with sincerity things about abroad, we not only have first-class citizens, but we himself and the morality of his performances that have them in charge of our public education, and, take away the breath of the well informed and cause as a result, we may point to a splendid instance of most of them to decide that he is a hypocrite of successful home rule. If occasion called for it, the unsurpassed effrontery. Public Library Board might with perfect confidence, be referred to as another. Mr. Rockefeller, we should say, is not a hypocrite. He is merely a man, with a peculiar sort of mind Without wishing, therefore, to underestimate the that from his earliest years has been taught to be- importance of our new school board law, I am dis- lieve only what he desires it to believe. It is a mind posed to think that the character of the men who which, however obedient and serviceable in busi- have constituted the board has been the important ness, and as a personal comfort, is wholly atrophied factor. Unwillingness to permit any man to use on the intellectual side. Its owner is as incapable of the school board's work as his platform for political thinking clearly and honestly about himself and preferment, and thereby to drag the board's trust what he has done and is doing in the world as a into the arena of partisan contention, has been, and, Chinese woman whose feet were bound in the cradle in my judgment, will be, the chief guaranty for the is of walking like a normal woman. continued successful operation of a system under "I think," said this self-mutilated mental and which, in a measure at least, the reputation of the city of St. Louis has been redeemed. moral cripple to his son's Sunday school, "that money is a good thing to have, if we know how to use it properly. But I think it very harmful to many JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER. people, because they do not know how to use it properly." Petroleum's Queerest By Product. Therefore the good and kind and pious Mr. John D. Rockefeller has been telling John D. Rockefeller has taken away from these foolish Rockefeller, Jr.'s Sunday school class once more people the money that he saw would do them only how to succeed in life. Mr. Rockefeller the elder, in harm if he allowed them to keep it. his latest address, went minutely into the details of Petroleum has yielded many curious by-products, the business training he received from his father- but none half so wonderful as the chief of the Stan- how at ten years of age he had the responsibility of dard Oil Trust when he offers himself, in evident buying the family's wood, and at fourteen made all good faith, as a Christian teacher. Editorial, Chi- the contracts for building a house. Then came a cago Examiner, May 16. clerkship in a store and ardent devotion to his em- ployer's interests. Next Mr. Rockefeller set up in THE DIPLOMAT. business for himself, and by giving his mind day and night to money-making, succeeded. She-" Your dog was trying to bite me, sir ! " By the time Mr. Rockefeller got the chance to go He ( raising his hat)-"Yes, madam; he has a into oil he had been thoroughly drilled as a business sweet tooth !" 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLEΤΙΝ. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION ΝΟΜΙΝΑΤIONS FOR PENSION TRUSTEES . The nominations for Pension Trustees were made BULLETIN by the various districts, Saturday morning, May 14, Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, at Io a. m. The following nominations have been Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, December 23, 1901. reported to Secretary Lewis E. Larson at time of going to press : Mrs. Serena Hogan Hayes, Mrs. THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the Ida L. Morton Fursman, Mr. Charles I. Parker and year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of April and December, by the Chicago Teachers ' Federation . Miss Catharine Goggin. Mrs. Hayes is trustee at THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single the present time and Mrs. Fursman, then Mrs. Mor- copies, Five Cents. ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received ton, was one of the nominees last year. by Tuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to the order of the Federation Bulletin. RESIGNS FROM NOMINATION . THE EDITOR , 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO . I wish to thank the friends whose votes placed me Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. in nomination as Pension Trustee and assure them that their nomination is appreciated. I beg leave MISS ELIZABETH A. ALLEN'S CASE IN COURT. however, to decline the honor, as, if elected, I should be unable to serve. Sincerely, There will be an argument before Justice Dixon, CATHARINE GOGGIN . in the Court House, on Saturday, at 10 o'clock, that interests every public school teacher in the country THE ST LOUIS SCHOOL BOARD . and one that will be looked for by teachers from Eastport to San Diego. The paper by Mr. Charles Nagel of the St. Louis The question to be decided is the status of public School Board, portions of which are printed in this school teachers. Have they any rights that any issue, is of interest to the people of Chicago, who have voted two to one in favor of an elected Board Board of Education is obliged to recognize ? of Education . The particular case which opens up the possibility This paper was read before the National Munici- for a ruling by the Supreme Court was raised by pal League at its annual convention in Chicago last the Hoboken Board of Education. It hired a man month. Mr. Nagel, who is a St. Louis man, tells from New York to deliver lectures at night on us, that the St. Louis School Board, since 1897, has pedagogy and ordered the teachers to attend the lec- given splendid satisfaction, President Eliot declar- tures , to take notes on them and to prepare theses ing it to be the best in the United States. It is on the matter presented. elected by the people, the election being at large A good many of the teachers rebelled against this since 1897, instead of by wards as formerly, and imposition, but it finally fell to the share of Miss consists of twelve members, four of whom are Elizabeth A. Allen to make the stand on behalf of elected every two years at the regular municipal all teachers and the Board of Education suspended election. her. Now the board is charged with spending The Chicago Federation of Labor at its last meet- money provided for the instruction of children in ing, May 15, adopted the report of its special com- this fad business and with imposing night work mittee on schools, recommending a bill providing on the teachers after they have earned their salary that the Chicago Board of Education be elected at in the class rooms . large, at a special election held for the purpose, all Former Justice Gilbert Collins will appear for nominations to be by petition only. Miss Allen and the Board of Education will be rep- If St. Louis, with only one of these safeguards resented by Corporation Attorney Minturn of Ho- around an elected Board of Education, can secure boken and Holt Apgar of Trenton. such splendid results, what could not Chicago do It is believed that the argument will illuminate with all three ? the school question and the status of teachers in a new and entertaining manner. As many of the SAMUEL GOMPERS BELIEVES THAT WOMEN school teachers as can do so should attend this argu- SHOULD BE ENFRANCHISED . ment. It will give them some new ideas about their standing before the law. There will be room for a I am in entire sympathy with the movement for the enfranchisement of women and to accord to large number of spectators . Miss Elizabeth A. Allen is well known all over womankind the legal, natural and dignified position of equality to which by every human impulse and this country and in educational circles in Europe, conception she is entitled to occupy. both as a teacher and an author of school books . Her labor for the State Retirement Fund and her The American Federation of Labor, representing the organized labor movement of the wage earn- ability as a platform speaker have given her a great ers of our country, stands committeed to the prin- deal of prominence and few teachers have had diffi- culty in this state without calling on Miss Allen for ciple of securing equal pay and equal consideration of women to men. We not only declare for this, but aid and advice. She has been selected by the teach- bear burdens and make sacrifices for their achieve- ers as their advocate for years and much of the prominence she has acquired has been forced upon ment, conscious that they make for the advantage and benefit of all. her vicariously. The application of the equality of rights in the It seems odd that this well known, gifted woman economic and political affairs of our country and should be persecuted by a lot of men whose names our states, will raise the conception of our common are unknown, but such is life. Conspicuous ability duty and redound to the lasting benefit of humanity. makes a target for those who lack ability.-Edi- SAMUEL GOMPERS , torial, Hoboken Evening Journal, May 13 . President American Federation of Labor. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 5 " CONSTRUCTIVE " SAFETY IN THE SCHOOLS . that teachers could do much to assist in increasing How can a four-story building be converted into the use of the label. She also urged a closer ac- a three-story building ? By removing the top story. quaintance with the parents of the pupils, and point- ed out the civic benefits which would result if for- Not at all. By lowering the floor of the basement. Sixty-four of the Chicago public school buildings eigners, both adult and children, could be given consist of three stories and a basement and under their first lessons on the principles of our govern- the law the basement counts as a story. Hence, to ment and the duties of citizens through our public schools. conform with the legal regulations concerning four- story structures, all these buildings must have fire- escapes. Certain members of the buildings and HEAD ASSISTANTS' ASSOCIATION . grounds committee of the Board of Education, how- The regular meeting of the Head Assistants' As- ever, have discovered a simple and inexpensive sociation will be held at the Sherman House, Satur- method of reducing the number of stories of these day, May 21 , 1904. A "progressive" luncheon will structures and thus avoiding the cost of fire-escapes. be served at one o'clock, followed by a discussion If the basements are excavated so that their floors of "A New and Secure Pension Law." Miss Grace are six inches below the present level they cease to Reed, Mrs. Serena Hayes Hogan, pension trustees, be "basements" and become "cellars." A " cellar" and Mr. Lewis E. Larson, secretary of the Board of does not count as a story. Thus, by a little digging , Education will speak on phases of this important the entire sixty-four four-story school buildings can subject. All head assistants are urged to attend. be brought within the three-story class. The build- CAROLINE M. TOWLES , Pres. ings immediately become safe and fire-escapes are EVA B. CROWE, Cor. Sec. not needed. These facts having been established, it would seem to be pitiful weakness for any building owner Dear Friend : The annual reunion of the Chicago who may be bothered by the ordinance regulations Normal School Alumni Association will be held at to fail to follow the argument to its logical conclu- the Normal School on Saturday, June 4, 1904. sion. If lowering a basement six inches is equiva- Luncheon will be served at one o'clock, followed lent to taking off one story, lowering it twelve inches by addresses by Superintendent E. G. Cooley, logically should count as the removal of two stories. Arnold Tompkins and Jenkin Lloyd Jones. Come Another six inches off the floor and three stories with your friends, hear brief toasts by representa- would be gone. Thus a four-story building, after a tives of each class and join in singing our old two-foot excavation in the basement, will not be school songs. even one story high. It will, in fact, be entirely As an active member of the Alumni Association under ground and exempt from all kinds of annoy- you are urged to extend this notice to graduates ing ordinances. To the ignorant and uninitiated the and friends of the school. Please remit dues ( 50c) building will look just as big and loom just as high promptly and indicate on the face of the coin card in air as it did before, but it will not be a building whether or not you expect to be present. Luncheon atall. tickets will be 50 cents. Unfortunately for the success of the building com- We hope for your active support in making this mittee's brilliant idea, the parents who have children meeting a success. in the public schools will fail to see the force of its Very sincerely, reasoning. They may admit that the four-story JOHN W. JOHNSON , President. structures are "constructively" only three stories MARGURET MONSON, Vice-President. high, but they demand something more than " con- ALICE L. NICHOLS, Secretary. EDWARD A. JACKSON, Treasurer. structive" safety provisions for the lives of their children. Editorial, Chicago News, May 16. MISS MARY M'DOWELL. The World's Work contains some amusing selec- tions from school exercises, among which are these: "Apherbility is the state of being an apherbile." At Chicago Teachers' Club, Saturday, May 14 , 1904. "Serenade, a greenness as of grass ." Miss Mary McDowell of the University Settle- "Reverberation is when it is made again into a ment spoke to the members and friends of the Chi- verb." cago Teachers' Club on the necessity of the women "The equator is a menagerie lion running around who had more or less leisure, among whom she between the north and south poles." classed the teachers of the public schools, recog- "They climbed Vesuvius to see the creator nizing their duty toward the army of women in the smoking. " industrial world, whose work has made it possible "We celebrate the Fourth of July because Jesus for other women to enjoy the greater opportunities bids us ." which are made attainable by removing from the "Vengeance. Def'n, a mean desire to pay back. homes the manufacture of many of the necessities Illus'n, 'Vengeance is mine; I will repay, saith the and luxuries of life. Lord.'" Miss McDowell spoke of the material conditions "Ingenious, a stupid person, from in, not, and surrounding the women who work in shops and genious, a smart person." factories and of the improvement in hours and "Discretion, a difference of sex between animals ." working conditions which have been secured by "The early Briton wore a skin, he tied it at the organization, and urged that teachers keep constant- waist. He wore legions on his legs. He had eyes ly inmind the ideals of life amid the sordid commer- of a blue shade, which plainly showed his semi- cialism of the age. She spoke of the Union Label civilization. He wore on his feet mocassions or League movement and what it represented, and said scandals ." 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. NATIONAL EDUCATIONAL ASSOCIATION . Saint Louis Missouri , June 27 to July 1, 1904. Do You Intend Accommodations - Headquarters Hotel, " The Inside to Visit the World's Fair? Inn ." The rate to N. E. A. members (not including ad- If so we wish to call your atten- missions ) will be a uniform rate of $2.50 per day on tion to the Christian Endeaver 1,200 rooms, without bath, and a uniform rate of $4.00 per day on 300 rooms, with bath, two persons Hotel & Auditorium Co., who in each room, and three or more in some of the have erected a mammoth hotel largest rooms . Among the other hotels are the Christian En- just opposite the entrance to the deavor, Grand View, Fraternal, Epworth, Hamilton, grounds and will make reduced Beresford, Monmouth Inn, Forest Park, University, rate of $ 1.00 per day for room or Oliver's Country Inn, Saunders Flats, Monticello, etc., many of which are located within easy walk- $2.00 per day for room and ing distance of the Exposition grounds . The rates board, providing parties hold in these hotels are from $1.00 per day upward, for Charter certificate which cost is each person, European plan, not less than two in a room. Besides the large number of hotels, lodgings $1.00 and is transferable. can be secured in a number of private homes. Certificates and all information ADVANCE ASSIGNMENTS TO LODGINGS . can be had at their Chicago of- Advance assignments may be secured by applica- fice, 1408 Monadnock Bldg., Tel. tion to W. A. Carpenter, Secretary of Local Com- mittee, Board of Education Rooms, 9th and Locust Harrison, 3735. streets . Applicants for rooms should state definite- ly the number of party, character of accommodations FROST & ALDRED desired, duration of stay and price they are willing Chicago Representatives. to pay. It should not be expected that rooms can be obtained for less than 75c or $ 1.00 each for two Avail yourself now of this op- persons in a room. portunity. In all cases membership certificates in the N. E. A. must be presented at time of settlement of bill. After arrival in St. Louis no assignments will be made until after membership registration. RAILROADS TO ST . LOUIS . The Alton, Illinois Central and Wabash are the roads running to St. Louis, and the distance varies Let us help you save only a half-dozen miles . The most desirable way of going is by daylight, through the state, reaching St. Louis in sufficient time to permit one to go to 1. We give you the free use of lodging and obtain baggage before night. It is im- a handsome nickel - plated possible at this date to say what will be the rate steel savings bank. We at the close of June, but reductions are looked for. keep the key. IF I CAN SUCCEED 2. We are open Monday even- in making clear to you what is meant by LOANS BY ings 5:30 to 8, besides usual CORRESPONDENCE you will never borrow on any hours. other plan. Address E. B., Federation Bulletin,437 UnityBldg. By permission Igive this paperas reference. 3. We pay 3% interest, com- pounded twice a year. Only the deaf and dumb fail to appreciate the 4. We invite small deposits. TELEPHONE Royal Trust Company now- a-days . Bank, Royal Insurance Building, Business Residence& 5 Cents and per day up. 169 Jackson Boulevard, A State Bank. Established 1891 . CHICAGO TELEPHONE CO . 203 Washington Street. CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 7 FEDERAL The First TRUST & SAVINGS National $2,000,000 CAPITAL BANK $500,000 SURPLUS A Banking, Savings and Trust Company Bank business transacted. We invite interviews or correspondence from individuals, firms or corporations contemplating making changes or opening is now new accounts . OFFICERS . DIRECTORS. located in its Thomas P. Phillips, E. H. Gary, Chairman, President. Charles Deering, Nathan G. Moore, W. J. Chalmers. new office , Vice President and Alfred H. Mulliken. C. B. Shedd. Counsel. Charles S. Castle, A. E. Musbaum . Cashier. T. P. Phillips. F. J. Scheidenhelm, Norman B. Ream . Asst. Cashier. Nathan G. Moore. 119 Edwin L. Wagner, Asst. Cashier. Irving J. Shuart, E. J. Buffington. D. W. Burrows . W. E. Phillips. Secretary. J. N. Vance. Monroe St. N. E. Cor. La Salle and Adams Streets . EVERANOS THE ARE YOU AWARE THAT NORTH AMERICAN The REVIEW JOHN CHURCH CO . 260 WABASH AVE. THEmostnotable literaryeventofthe year 1904 will be the serial publi cation in THE NORTH AMERICAN Allow REVIEW of a new novel, "The Son of Royal Langbrith," by William Dean Special Discounts Howells,beginningintheJanuarynumber to School Teachers? 50 cents a copy; $5.00 a year WriteDept. "6" ferCatalogues, Prices, Terms, Eto. The North American Review, HARVARNOS FRANKLIN SQUARE, Ν. Υ. 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . WABASH " FOLLOW THE FLAG, " TAKE THE WABASH TO SAINT LOUIS THE ONLY LINE TO THE WORLD'S FAIR MAIN ENTRANCE. TICKET OFFICE, 97 Adams St. C. S. CRANE , G. P. & T. A. F. A PALMER, A. G. P. A. ST. LOUIS, MO . CHICAGO , ILL. THE FAIR , Chicago New Spring Suit, 12.75 One of the new Etons with a strikingly pretty neck effect which consists of a plain short-scalloped band, tastefully ornamented with buttons. Novelty braid with glint of scarlet gives a suggestion of the military suit. Has graduated panel waist front; 3 box plaits, extending half way down the 12.75 sleeves, end prettily in a puff. Fine quality of etamine cheviot, in black, blue and the popular golden brown, 12.75 . Others at the same price, in the new short jacket style, tucked and trimmed with taffeta silk, fancy braid and novelty buttons; some plaited. They're made of imported men's suitings, in black, blue and brown, 12.75 . Lot 1 comprises short and long coats, fine $35 Winter Jackets, 7.95-The sea- satin lined,odds ity kersey, madeofexcellent & ends of lastqual- sea- 7.95 son's best styles, too, and just the thing for son's selling. Have been selling regularly the remaining cold days of this winter . up to as high as $35, your choice at 7.95. Will be acceptable next winter, when the Lot 2 includes many of the short winter samegarment would cost you many times the coats kerseys black and castor.and zibelines, asplendid in blue, $2 pricewe'reurasking stock assortment now. ofwom They 7.95 and have been selling up to $10. You can't en's winter coats, divided into afford to miss this sale; your choice, $2. || two lots, priced at 7.95 and $2 respectively. Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin 100 Vol. 3. CHICAGO , MAY 27, 1904. No. 25. NEW RESPONSIBILITIES OF JOURNALISM; it is infinitely better to run a farm than to run for OR, THE REIGN OF THE COMMON office. PEOPLE . There are three distinct classes of Americans . Address National Editorial Association, St. Louis, First, those at the top, who, by fair means or foul, get there or die in the attempt. May 16, 1904. Second, those at the bottom, who because they By Dr. A. E. Winship, Boston, Mass . cannot get there are against all who do. They are Journalism now has an opportunity to do what the the unhealed wounds of society they live to tackle state, the school, and the church have failed to do and throw everyone who is trying for a touchdown. for humanity by helping to enthrone the common Third, the common people, who have too much people, who have not come into their inheritance self-respect to be disreputable, and too much com- since his satanic majesty first interfered with family mon sense to pose as thoroughbreds . affairs. All classes of workers for the world's uplifting Americans have worked the wrong social vein, have been on the wrong trail. Is that audacious ? It and the time is at hand when they must choose is time to be audacious. Until recently no physician whether they will strike pay ore or abandon the lead. or scientist ever suspicioned the presence of mi- We have put as much capital of head and heart into crobes. With them there was no germ disease. No prospecting as is worth while. The world will not physician was heterodox enough to be so audacious be permanently buncoed by great expectations. as to hint at the real cause of the untimely death of No people in the world worship and curse those the multitude. Even Hahnemann, who had super- at the top so universally as do Americans. No abundance of audacity in streaks, never ventured to American youth is worth while who does not register dream of the real cause, and the time has come for a daily vow, sacred or profane, to preside over some- some twentieth century audacity in social thera- thing, from a railroad corporation to a labor organ- peutics. ization, from a bank to a saloon. The schools teach We have treated as the common people whoever it and the pulpits preach it ; only the men who get are not among the elect. We could see the towering there tell the other fellows that it's not worth while. peaks all right but all the rest were common people. President Roosevelt writes and leads the strenuous The time has come to see and to say that the differ- life, but he presents his cabinet with "The Simple ence between the common people and those below is Life." greater than between them and those above. At the We have carried this too far. The pearl is pre- top is scum as well as cream, and below are the cious, but represents a wound, and a thousand oys- bilious elements of human nature, the bilge water of ters chafe under these wounds where one nurses , the ship of state; the sewage of the body politic. heals, and polishes it into a gem. It is noble when a For them to assume that they are the common peo- wound occurs to transform it into a pearl, but it is ple is more absurd than for a Louisville maiden to not worth while to make a thousand wounds for the assume the role of one of Newport's four hundred. sake of an occasional precious gem. We have been misled in America because it is so It has taken more than a third of a century of easy for unexpected transformations in social, politi- freedom to produce one Booker T. Washington, and cal, and industrial life. There are dikes in human no one can guess how long it will take to produce life as in the geological realm; there are rifts in the another, but he would have been a curse to his race clouds above, and the unexpected coming together if his experience had led every descendant of a slave of the rent strata causes explosions that we have to think life a failure unless he equaled this notable been unable to explain. The occasional transference leader. of an individual from the bottom to the top, or from Taken all in all, the wisest and best are not at the the top to the bottom, does not change the general top. Hood and Shasta, Rainier and Baker are so condition. In cities, in factory towns, and in the beautiful in the poise with which they wear their breeding places of vice in rural districts are to be bridal veil while the morning stars sing a wedding found licentious, murderous vermin reeking with march, that it is worth while to cross the continnent the germs of social typhoid and political tuber- to behold them, but there is nothing useful or culosis. Call these common people ! Not until precious in their snow-draped peaks. The iron and miasma is pure oxygen ; not until the sun shines in copper, the silver and gold are never at the top of Mammoth Cave. Let the common people disown all the mountain. alliance with the evil elements above and below and The most glorious thing about Booker T. Wash- enter upon their mission to humanity. ington is that he is the one man who is teaching that The great output of evil among the lowest class is 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. often from a sense of helplessness and hopelessness from a poison to a food when it is given something simply because they cannot be at the top. A bright to emulsify. lad was found in one of the darkest dives off the From the first it has been accepted that to the few Bowery at one o'clock in the morning awaiting a good belonged the responsibility of looking after the desperado just out of Sing Sing, whose burglareus many bad. Goodness is always assumed by the gang he wished to join. When remonstrated with, favored few, though they are not always good. he said to William R. George of George Jr. Repub- Theirs has always been the power and the glory, lic fame, " I'd rather be a leader among burglars than whether they enjoy it by physical might, by inheri- to be a chump, wouldn't you ?" The premium we pay tance, or by the conceit of divine right. They have for high life is largely the re-enforcement of bank assumed the right to maintain supremacy at what- breakers and railroad wreckers of the disreputable ever cost. This has sometimes been patriarchal, type. In the same way we make classic embezzlers sometimes regal, and sometimes prophetical. The and grafters, gilt-edged libertines and gamblers. eldest son inherited all privileges, all power and re- Any ambitious man who beholds the way we glorify sponsibility, regardless of capacity or character . dazzling success has to be well poised if he would The evolution of the common people was a neces- not deliberately accept a few years of social adora- sity whenever the divine right of inheritance was tion, drinking to the limit the champagne of fame, questioned. The successful challenging of this right willing to pay for it by exposure and suicide rather might never have come ; certainly not in centuries, than be a chump. Many a man says, "Better a few had not the New World been kept in waiting for a years of the intoxication of success rather than the new civilization in which the common people was a humdrum of dull routine." Not a few would accept possibility. Humanly speaking, they are merely an the situation deliberately if they could see the pic- incident, an accident, but in the higher economy they torial write-up of their fall as the sequel of the must mean something infinitely more. glorification of their success . It is four hundred years since America appeared Cursed be the day when we began to teach that no in the gray dawn of civilization ; three centuries one should be satisfied with anything that he has, since the germ of the common people was warmed to but be ever craving with passionate zest something life on the Mayflower; and a century and a quarter beyond. There is no future worth while except to since they budded in Independence hall, but even him who is thankful for every attainment, grateful now in very limited areas is there a recognized and for every vantage ground. The common people are influential common people even in the Unite States. the grateful, earnest, restful men and women, too They were not evolved for their own sake; they did aspiring not to do their best, too sensible to be insane not fruit from a theory ; they came from a condi- with hopless passions. tion. Whenever and wherever the right of the few Humanity's future for good or ill depends upon to inherit power, to usurp it or maintain it, has the triumph or defeat of the effort to evolve the com- been questioned, there has been a necessity for a mon people. In the battle royal that is before us body of not dangerous persons to act as a buffer be- both aristocracy and the slums will combine to pre- tween the insecure few and the dangerous many. vent the reign of the common people. Originally the only characteristic of the common From the dawn of creation the common people people was negative. They simply were not danger- have never been more than an incident. Human ous. They were a convenient neutral ground be- nature always provided a generous supply of bad tween the bad and the best. men. Whether we accept the epic of Finland, the Speaking roughly, in every one thousand voters in traditions of China and India, the mythology of the best areas, about three hundred can be classed as Greece, or the Hebrew story, we find at the basis of dangerous, about one hundred as theoretically or all human life very bad men and women who have practically devoted to the public welfare, while there served some supreme evil personality. All traditions are six hundred who are safe, industrious, and good, begin with some power above the human that but with an alarming mind-their-own-business sen- tempted Eve to eat the apple because it was good timent. when it should not have been. It did her no re- American politics consists in working these six corded harm, but hurt later on. There has always hundred. The favored few in leadership find it poli- been a wicked brother to kill Abel and raise Cain tic to frighten the common people into a belief that generally. The bad men of the world have no con- their interests are jeopardized by the encroachment science ; know no law; they are and have always of the bad, that their savings and their employment been spents in civil, industrial, and social life. will be sacrificed by the success of the lowest classes . These have never been permitted to work out On the other hand, this lower element works over- their evil designs to the limit. There has always hours in the effort to make the common people he- been a promise of the seed of woman to bruise the lieve that laws, wages, hours, court decisions, and serpent's head. There have always been men willing other conditions imposed by the few are a grievous to accept responsibility for thwarting the machina- wrong to the humble classes. The best appeal to the tions of the devil.. From time immemorial some of self-interest of the common people, and the worst the worst have been held in check by some of the best. Every struggle in human life has been be- appeal to their sympathy. Sympathy for the poor tween the self-constituted few and the self-debased man's dinner pail has elected one president, and the many. There has always been a great gulf fixed fear of halving the dollar of the common people has elected two. The six hundred always do the elect- between the top and the bottom in society. ing, but never do the planning. Leadership comes The wonder is not that there are dangerous from the top or from the bottom, but the common classes, but that they are not the more considerable eleinent, that they are not more dangerous. Turned people furnish the votes. The same conditions exist in the industrial and loose upon the prairies and ranches they become the commercial world. In matters religious the case is common people as readily as bile is transformed no different. In social relations and in educational CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 3 affairs everywhere the top and the bottom are afraid neglected common people with the glories of the top of the common people. and the horrors of the bottom. Now as in the past the forces depended upon to This inevitably led to two classes of influential adjust the relations of the worst to the best are journals ; those which served the best and those civilization through statesmanship, education which attacked them. through the school, and religion through the church. For the first time in American history some city Civilization has confined its mission to lifting the dailies are giving attention to the common people. bad as high as necessary to prevent their being Until within ten years and less, a good young man dangerous. The church has sought to prevent sin- could never hope to see his name in a city daily. A ners from going to Hades, but has persistently im- young woman might do many creditable things pressed upon the public that very few are in the without journalistic recognition; she might even inner sanctuary. The school has been proud if it make a brilliant record in college without acknowl- lessened never so little the percentage of illiteracy. edgment in the press; but let her elope with one of Nowhere even in America has there been a well- the waiters in the dining room, and she would see defined purpose to give civic, social, industrial or her picture in the paper and an extended story of ecclesiastical power to the common people. every phase of her life. America's permanence is dependent upon the This is rapidly changing, and the great city dailies honest, absolute reign of the common people. There are chronicling the coming and going of the com- is as much need of their independence of the few as mon people, portraying the boys in their amateur of their superiority to the bad. There is no hope tor athletic sports, and the girls in their graduating at- tire. A hundred times as much journalistic atten- America if the few are permitted to patronize the common people. If they come into their inheritance, tion is given the common people by the city dailies the statesmen, the church, and the school must have as ten years ago ; comparatively few great dailies immediate and courageous assistance. This they are now worship aristocracy in finance or society. likely to get from journalism in the twentieth cen- Yellow journalism with all its terrors has an im- tury, and there is no other source of recruiting ap- portant mission. Its sensational attacks on capital parent. and on the ruling elements in municipal and national There is nothing in America which the common politics were in part atoned for by its heroic and people so completely own as the press . If they noble championship of the public schools-always should fail to buy papers for three months they ignored by the great dailies previously-by its re- would drive two-thirds of all the daily papers into markable attacks on the rum power and its unholy bankruptcy. In the very large cities there is one alliances, while its advertising columns were not in- daily that could live on the patronage of aristocracy, frequently entirely free from disreputable ads that and one could live on the patronage of the sewage disgraced many aristocratic dailies. This class of classes, but the others live on and are owned by the journals has been what the March wind and mud common people, who buy four-fifths of the edition, are as the forerunner of a delicious spring after the do nine-tenths of the reading, and give nineteen- terrors of a frigid winter. True, it has sometimes twentieths of the value to the advertising. been so breezy as to be blizzardy; so pessimistic as to be miasmatic but at the same time it must not be The aristocrats buy little because of advertise- forgotten what we owe to it, when we enjoy the ments outside of their pet paper, and they read little rich, velvet lawns and the fragrant bloom of the but the headlines and the finanacial page in any other new journalism which is no longer cold snow-white, daily. The sewage element buys nothing because it but delicately blushed like the blossoms of the is advertised, except such vicious things as are made orchard. for them and are advertised almost exclusively in "Yellow journals are re(a) d and this makes white their own class of papers. The common people buy journals blue" was the way the New England man- practically the entire edition of two-thirds the daily ager of the Associated Press stated the color effect papers, and nearly all the local weekly papers. The in journalism at a banquet in 1898. They have cer- aristocrats make great claim to control of the dailies tainly made the white journals hustle until their because they pay for the advertisements. This is transformation gives them a charming blush as the false conceit. They will not advertise to please their result of the exercise, a rich natural bloom in- dearest friend where the common people do not buy finitely better than the powder or pallor of aris- and read. There is no large city that has not seen tocracy, the paint or pimples of the sewer class. many daily papers lose fortunes simply because some Is it an unreasonable hope that the new journal- publisher ventured to think that he owned his own ism, as sweet as June, as tonic as October, as free paper and could afford to have his own sweet will from the fetters of tradition as the noble wild stal- about the way it was managed. Within a quarter of lion of the plains, as tractable as the thoroughbred ; a century one important Eastern city has seen four not churchly but reverent ; not cranky in deforma- great daily paper plants that had each made a for- tion, but ardent in reformation, neither fawning at tune for its owner become wrecks that were with the feet of aristocrats, nor trembling in the presence difficulty raised from a watery grave, and all because of the slums, will be the safe and heroic leader of the owners had forgotten that the majority interest the common people ? was held by the silent partner, the common people. Not till then will voting be intelligent and inde- American journalism was primarily a scheme for pendent, and all the votes freely cast and fairly letting the aristocrats know what the sewage element counted ; all property be justly taxed, and all taxes was doing that it ought not to be doing. honestly and fully collected, and right theories be It was a short step from this to telling the com- right conditions. mon people what the aristocrats were doing that Aristocracy of wealth, society, and education will other people could not hope to do. In brief, journal- then keep step with the common people, and the ism became a convenient means of letting the good sewer element will be sterilized . know how best the best were and how bad the bad It may be spoken reverently, the new journalism were for the purpose of impressing the wholly must be a new gospel for humanity. 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION WOMEN'S CLUBS Growing MORE LIBERAL. BULLETIN Mrs. May Alden Ward, president of the Massa- Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, chusetts State Federation of Women's Clubs , said Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, at the recent festival of the New England Woman December 23, 1901. Suffrage Association : THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the "A great change is coming over the clubs in year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of regard to woman suffrage. Only four or five years April andDecember, by the Chicago Teachers' Federation. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single copies, Five Cents. ago, when it was proposed that our State Federa- ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received tion should recommend women to use their school byTuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. vote, the idea was considered so alarming that a ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to the order of the Federation Bulletin. special meeting of the State Board was called, and THE EDITOR , there was much opposition; and the proposal was 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO . only carried at last by the argument that school Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. suffrage was an accomplished fact, and that we must accept its responsibilities. Two years ago, the State Federation devoted a day to the question, How to ELECTION OF THE SCHOOL BOARD . increase women's school vote, without objection Steps were taken at the last meeting ofthe Chicago from anybody ? Federation of Labor to execute the mandate of the "In looking over the program for the biennial of people on the referendum with reference to electing the General Federation at St. Louis, I am struck the Chicago school board. At this referendum (pp. by the change in the subjects to be considered ; they 7, 19) the vote stood 57,792 against and 117,617 in are so much more serious and solid than they used favor of popular election of the board, a majority to be. Many are legislative and legal. I see that Mrs. for the proposition of over 58,000 in a total vote of Sarah Platt Decker is to give an address on, ' What 172,000. A committee on the condition of the the Ballot Can Do for Working Women. ' That schools, appointed by the Federation, has now re- would not have been possible two years ago . ported a recommendation that members of the board be elected at large; that they be elected at a special "The clubs are helping the suffrage movement by awakening the civic conscience in women. We now election called for the purpose, like that for the elec- tion of judges ; and that candidates be nominated by have committees on child labor, on legislation affect- petition only. ing working women, etc., and the more the club women get interested in these questions, the more This recommendation is a wise one. As at pres- they learn to desire the ballot." ent chosen, the school board, when not the plaything of "business" interests that starve the schools by To the Editor : false economies for the benefit of monopolies, is part of the stock in trade of spoilsmen in politics. It The enclosed verses were written last Friday by flip-flops alternately from "business" graft to politi- a quiet, thoughtful colored boy in sixth grade. The cal push and pull. The only remedy for the evil is teacher took the class to the woods Thursday after- noon, and on Friday asked them to write an account the one proposed by the committee of the Federa- tion of Labor. Elect the board, and all appointive of their outing. I enclose you Shannon's. It seems influences are removed. Elect it on a ticket at large, to me to have the true ring. I enjoyed it, and thought you would. How would it look in the and log rolling between representatives of wards and BULLETIN ? districts is eliminated. Elect it at a special election, and public attention is concentrated upon school MEMORIES OF SPRING. questions. Nominate only by petition, and partisan boss-ship is reduced to the minimum. Sweet May is here, The sky is clear, Naturally enough, however, the beneficiaries of The flowers are showing, mismanagement, whether allied to the "business " The birds are singing, graft faction or the political spoils faction, are op- To greet sweet May. posed to any kind of popular election of the board, and they offer plausible objections. Yet an elective The triliums are showing school board has proved so successful in St. Louis that President Eliot of Harvard declares his belief Their three great leaves ; that the St. Louis school board is the best board of The violets are dressed in blue, education in the United States. If an elective board And Jack- in-the-pulpit preaches to-day Not only to me but to you. can succeed so well in that city of "business" graft and political spoils, why not try the experiment in Down on the sides of the long, winding river, Chicago ?-The Public ( Chicago) May 21 . There where the lilies grow, And back in the woods IN MEMORIAM . Where the blue bells hide, There's a story yet untold. Miss Belle Simpson, for a few years a teacher at the Motley School, died May 17, 1904, of pneu- The robin, in his cheerful way, monia. Her brave, calm, conscious waiting for the Pipes his cheerful song ; end through forty-eight hours in which she was The brooks and rivers in their joy concerned only in thoughts and plans for loved ones, Merrily slip along. attest her character. W. R. SHANNON GRAHAM. CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 5 EDUCATIONAL BUILDING, ST . LOUIS EXPOSITION . NATIONAL EDUCATIONAL ASSOCIATION . none may be deterred from coming through fear of extortion. Yours very truly , To Editors of the United States : W. H. CHAPLIN , Gentiemen :-Several newspapers, acting under Chairman Local Executive Committee, N. E. A. misinformation, have made the assertion that the W. A. CARPENTER, hotels of St. Louis have placed a prohibitive rate Local Secretary. upon World's Fair visitors. The alleged mouthpiece of this misinformation has made public denial, but SPECIAL MEETING OF THE CHICAGO it is feared the denial may not have received so wide TEACHERS ' FEDERATION. circulation as the statement it controverts. As the Local Executive Committee of the Na- May 25 , 1904. There will be a special meeting of the Chicago tional Educational Association is under obligations Teachers' Federation at Handel Hall, Saturday , to provide entertainment, at reasonable rates, for the May 28, 10:30 a. m. 50,000 or more members of the Forty-third annual LOUIE L. KILBOURN, convention of the association, which is to be held President. here from June 27 to July 1 , this committee, neces- sarily, is well informed of the local rooming condi- EXCURSION TO STARVED ROCK BENEFIT OF tions. It offers you its assurance that ample accom- PENSION FUND modations, of good character, may be had at mod- erate prices. An excursion to Starved Rock is being planned So great has been the addition made to the hotel for Saturday, June 11 , to benefit the Teachers' Pen- capacity within the past few months and so general sion Fund. Fare, $ 1.50. Trains leave Rock Island has been the opening of private houses to visitors, Depot at 8 and 10 a. m., stopping at Englewood since the opening of the Fair, that were there a hun- Station. One thousand people are necessary to se- dred thousand N. E. A. members to provide with cure the above arrangements. Before making any rooms, instead of fifty thousand, no hesitancy would arrangement, we must know definitely on how many be felt in guaranteeing the rooms when needed. to count. This is quite an opportunity, the regular In several instances a flat rate of $I a day has fare being $5.00. Please send as soon as possible, been given in hotels where bookings have been made names and address of all in your school and outside provisionally for at least 15,000 persons who will at- friends who will join in the excursion to STATIA G. ROCHFORD, tend the N. E. A. convention . 5735 Indiana Ave. Inspected rooms, in first-class localities , have been Chairman District 11 , Pension Com. listed by us, largely through teachers in the public See Federation Bulletin for further notice. schools, and more are being listed. Already accom- modations of this desirable sort are assured for BOARD OF EDUCATION. fully 35,000. The charge to N. E. A. certificate Wed. May 25, 1904. holders will be from 75 cents to $ 1 a day for rooms The Committee on School Management made the alone. Breakfast and room will cost from $ 1 to following recommendations : $1.50. Room, breakfast and supper will be supplied That the name of Mary A. Fletcher, a former for from $ 1.50 to $1.75 . teacher who holds a valid certificate, be placed on It is expected that the St. Louis convention of the the list for appointment to a position in the ele- N. E. A. will be the largest and most profitable mentary schools, in accordance with the rules . gathering of educators ever held. Will you kindly That through error in the principal's report, Mary make public the provisions herewith outlined, that J. Armstrong, teacher in the Walter Scott School , 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 1 was paid on the schedule of salaries as a grammar grade teacher when she had only fourth grade pupils LOANS TO TEACHERS for the following time: School month of October, after October 13, 1903 ; all of the school month of By a Teacher November and December, 1903 ; all of the 'school '. AT LIVE AND LET LIVE LOW RATES month of January, 1904; school month of March, "FaretoNewHomes in RosebudCountry." after March 15, 1904, and all of the school month L. A. care FEDERATION BULLETIN, 437 UNITY BUILDING. of April, 1904, and that the secretary be instructed to deduct such excess pay from the salary of Miss Armstrong on the pay roll for the month of May, 1904. IF I CAN SUCCEED That it is in receipt of the following report from the Superintendent of Schools : in making clear to you what is meant by LOANS BY "The Superintendent of Schools respectfully calls CORRESPONDENCE you will never borrow onany the attention of the committee to the fact that there other plan. Address E. B., Federation Bulletin, 437 Unity Bldg . will be serious difficulty in holding our commence- By permission Igive this paper as my reference. ment exercises in the school halls, on account of the present regulations. It is earnestly requested that some measures be taken promptly to meet this emergency." Only the deaf and dumb That the Superintendent of Schools be authorized fail to appreciate the to consider each request on its own merits and grant permission to hold graduating exercises in other halls if in his judgment it appears necessary. TELEPHONE That the Superintendent has received from Mary now-a-days . Owens Kinsey a number of old school reports upon which Mrs. Owens places a price of $35.00. These books are of great value to the Superin- Business Residence& 5 Cents and per day up . tendent of Schools, and the committee recommends that a warrant in the sum of $35.00 be drawn to - CHICAGO TELEPHONE CO . the order of Mrs. Kinsey for said books. 203 Washington Street. Recommendations were concurred in. CHICAGO & " THE ONLY WAY" ALTON " THE ONLY WAY " RAILWAY To theWorld's Fair- St. Louis Our World's Fair Guide and rate LOWEST quotations cost nothing Write for them to-day RATES GEO . J. CHARLTON General Passenger Agent Chicago & Alton Railway Chicago, Illinois いく 197944ai " ㅋㅋㅋ ㅋㅋㅋ ㅋㅋㅋ ㅋㅋㅋ ALTON GODFREY ST. LOUIS CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 7 FEDERAL TheFirst TRUST & SAVINGS National $2,000,000 CAPITAL BANK SURPLUS $500,000 A Banking, Savings and Trust Company Bank business transacted. We invite interviews or correspondence from individuals, firms or corporations contemplating making changes or opening new accounts . is now OFFICERS. DIRECTORS. located in its Thomas P. Phillips, President. E. H. Gary, Chairman, Charles Deering, Nathan G. Moore, W. J. Chalmers. new office, Vice President and Counsel. Alfred H. Mulliken. C. B. Shedd. Charles S. Castle, A. E. Musbaum. Cashier. T. P. Phillips. F. J. Scheidenhelm, Norman B. Ream. Asst. Cashier. Nathan G. Moore. 119 Edwin L. Wagner, Asst. Cashier. Irving J. Shuart, E. J. Buffington. D. W. Burrows. W. E. Phillips. Secretary. J. N. Vance. Monroe St. N. E. Cor. La Salle and Adams Streets. EVERANOS THE ARE YOU AWARE THAT NORTH AMERICAN The REVIEW JOHN CHURCH CO . HB mostnotable literary event of the 260 WABASH AVE. THE year 1904 will be the serial publi cation in THE NORTH AMERICAN ; Alletu REVIEW of a new novel, "The Son of Royal Langbrith," by William Dean Special Discounts Howells,beginningintheJanuarynumber to School Teachers? 50 cents a copy; $5.00ayear WriteDept. "8" for Catalogues, Prices, Terme, Eto. The North American Review, HARVARNOS FRANKLIN SQUARE, N. Y. 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . WABASH " FOLLOW THE FLAG, " TAKE THE WABASH TO SAINT LOUIS THE ONLY LINE TO THE WORLD'S FAIR MAIN ENTRANCE . TICKET OFFICE, 97 Adams St. C. S. CRANE , G. P. & T. A. F. A PALMER, A. G. P. A. ST . LOUIS , MO . CHICAGO , ILL. Do You Intend to Visit the World's Fair? Let us help you save If so we wish to call your atten - tion to the Christian Endeaver 1. We give you the free use of Hotel & Auditorium Co., who a handsome nickel - plated have erected a mammoth hotel steel savings bank. We just opposite the entrance to the keep the key. grounds and will make reduced 2. We are open Monday even- rate of $1.00 per day for room or ings 5:30 to 8, besides usual $2.00 per day for room and hours. board, providing parties hold Charter certificate which cost is 3. We pay 3% interest, com- $1.00 and is transferable. pounded twice a year. Certificates and all information 4. We invite small deposits. can be had at their Chicago of- fice, 1408 Monadnock Bldg. , Tel. Harrison, 3735. Royal Trust Company Bank, FROST & ALDRED Royal Insurance Building, Chicago Representatives . 169 Jackson Boulevard, A State Bank. Established 1891. Avail yourself now of this op- portunity. Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin UMON TRADES VAN COUNCL)100 Vol. 3. CHICAGO , JUNE 3, 1904. No. 26. THE BETTER ORGANIZATION OF THE know nothing of what he is fighting for. Standing WORLD. armies will cease thousands of years before we can do away with militia and police and thousands of By Lucia Ames Mead, Boston. years before men have ceased to be cruel and treach- erous. Universal peace will not mean that we have "Organization" is the dominant word of the age. reached the millennium, but merely that the world It represents a principle that has come to stay. is organized effectively. Cities, states, nations, all kinds of industries, clubs, educational charities, athletics and social life are One of the most hopeful signs of peace is that being organized. We are learning to work in the laboring classes throughout the world are grow- orderly fashion together. We are finding that we ing bitterly hostile to war. They know that they are not each a separate unit like a marble in a box must not only give their lives and limbs, but they of marbles, but rather that we are like cells in a must suffer for a generation after the war in pay- body and that when one part suffers all suffer. For ment of war taxes. To-day, forty years after our a hundred years we have been training ourselves in Civil war, we are paying hundreds of millions of organizing in small ways . We have now organ- dollars annually for it in addition to the colossal ized forty-five separate states, so that for three sums we have already paid and the million precious thousand miles from ocean to ocean there is peace young lives lost. War always takes the strong and between them, and every citizen is more proud of young and leaves the older and feebler to do their being an American and belonging to the great whole work and raise up a new generation. For one frac- than of being a New Yorker, a Nebraskan or a tion of what the war cost we could have bought up Californian. The decade is not far distant when we every slave and freed him and kept friends with the shall find that the largest organism to which we owe South. allegiance is not the United States, but the great The steps necessary to the organization of the world that we are not, first of all, Frenchmen, world must be carefully studied, for war will never Englishmen, Japanese or Americans, but we are cease until we get a substitute for it; that substitute first of all citizens of the world; first of all, mem- must be a rational way of preventing friction and bers of humanity-God's children. The time is of settling quarrels. The first tremendous stride coming rapidly when we shall organize the world forward was the Tsar's calling together at the onmuch the same plan that we have organized our Hague in May, 1899, the representatives of twenty- forty-five states; when a World Court will settle six nations to discuss a plan for promoting the difficulties between the states, when a World Leg- peace of the world. He had good reason to desire islature will make laws about those general ques- it, as most of his subjects are desperately poor, tions of money and postage, sanitation and com- many on the verge of famine, and out of their fam- merce that our Congress now makes for our forty- ily income of not over $250 a year must pay nearly five states, and when armies will gradually disap- a quarter in taxes chiefly to keep up great arma- pear and there will be no more fighting between ments. The distinguished diplomats who met for countries than there is between New Yorkers and three months at the Hague at first were suspicious Vermonters. You and I will never live to see all of each other and expected to accomplish nothing, this; but we shall see a good many steps toward but a few earnest ones changed the tone of the as- it, and perhaps a century hence the world will be so sembly and set all seriously to work. Gradual, pro- their organizedthat quarrels nations no more willoff by killing in warthink of settling innocent pri- portionate disarmament, which the Tsar so much de- vate soldiers who never have caused the quarrel, sired, was not thought feasible at the time, but the than establishment of a world Court at the Hague to their quarrels duel.mineForto-day by aand is nothing war think but a of settling duel your brother which all cases might be sent was a great and splen- on a gigantic scale. It never settles who is right, only who is stronger. Sometimes the victori- did achievement of this Conference. A judge of the Supreme Court of New York, who had longed for years for the establishment of just such a court, said sometimes ous side is right , as wrong,was it is in the North as inweourwere Civilinwar our; in 1897, that no one now living could ever hope to Mexican see it realized. In five years after that dismal proph- war. In one respect a duel is much more fair and less ecy this Permanent Tribunal of the Nations had absurd than war, for the duelists fight been established and had actually tried its first case tinent of Europe, voluntarily soldiercountry in every ,whereas,every on the is forced intocon- the at the Hague. It is to the credit of President Roosevelt that he sent the first case and set the army and fights by compulsion, though he may court to trying a quarrel between the United States 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . and Mexico. As I write, several nations are wait- will leave us relatively just as strong as we were ing for the decision of the third case carried to this before. The craze for a huge navy is based on ig- court; and Mr. Carnegie's great gift of one and a norance and senseless fear mixed with a false na- half million dollars to erect a noble building for the tional pride. Infinitely more effective than expen- court and provide a great law library have added sive battleships, each of which costs more than all to its prestige. the land and buildings of Harvard University, is The next step forward is the establishment of a the signing of the arbitration treaties with every World Congress. Last winter, the Massachusetts nation, thus agreeing to send all differences that legislature, by a joint resolution, unanimously might arise between us to the World Court. The passed, requested our Congress to authorize Presi- Rostrum April, 1904. dent Roosevelt to invite the nations of the world to form a Stated International Congress. This would A DEMOCRATIC ARITHMETIC. have only advisory powers. Its recommendations By Oscar L. Triggs. would be sent back to the nations represented in it. for their approval before they became law, and it "The Quincy Graphic Arithmetic" is a small, would be very far from being like our United States very innocent looking book selling for 15 cents. In Congress ; but it would be an immense step toward truth this insignificant volume is revolutionary. It such a Congress which must some day come when is virtually an attack upon the established educa- we begin to realize the frightful waste and friction tional system. It is one of the first school books that occur when nations are unorganized. There written intentionally for democracy. These statements need explanation. Mr. Mackin- can be no possible objection to this forward step ; tosh, the author, declares with a good deal of truth it would cost little-merely the salaries of a few that the arithmetics and algebras now in use are full delegates once in three or four or five years as the of hoary lies, illogical definitions and impossible ex- case might be. Probably such a congress would planations . The false statements found therein are meet in some such place as Geneva or Brussels and taught to children from generation to generation, for months the wisest men we could send would without fundamental inquiry, simply because they talk over the questions that left unsettled often lead are traditional and belong to the established order. to war. In the last hundred years there have been The teaching of mathematics is to-day almost pure- thirty occasional international congresses and it is ly monarchical in character. Mathematics is popu- high time that we made them a regular institution. larly supposed to develop the reasoning powers, but Not one man in a thousand, not one woman in as a matter of fact it throws the logical mind into ten thousand has any conception of how the hard confusion and really stultifies the intellect by main- earned money of the world is being wasted in the taining an unreasonable system by force of author- multiplication of armaments. An insane ambition ity. Mathematics offers, therefore, the most vul- has seized a part of the American nation to have a nerable point of attack on existing educational navy proportionate to our size and wealth and im- methods. I am not able myself to enter into the portance. The navy that we ought to have is sim- controversy, but I think I see the bearing of the ply one proportioned to our needs. Our needs are discussion. less than those of any other people. We have no Almost any other subject might have been chosen enemies on this continent and are protected on two for correction, but Mr. Mackintosh is simply strik- sides by vast oceans . No nation, not even Germany, ing at a weak point in the system in his approach against whom our jingo press has been striving to to an assault upon the next great stronghold of stir up animosity, would be able to effect much monarchical methods the examination. The exam- against us with a hostile fleet far from its base of ination was designed primarily by priests and rulers supplies . To attempt it would cost such an incred- to keep their subjects within the prescribed limits ible sum that no nation could succeed. Smokeless of thought and conduct. The examination was the powder, long-range, rapid-firing guns and other police force set over the intellect to keep it in sub- modern implements of warfare have revolutionized jection. It is still employed in the educational sys- war within a generation. A defensive power can tem wherever "the powers that be" desire to pre- serve " vested interests." It is still an effective now hold its ground against an attacking party ten times its size. In the Boer war England spent a method of preventing individual thinking, in other sum of money equal to a thousand million days' words, of producing uniformity. labor at one dollar a day, and it took her two years At the present time the universities control the lower schools by means of the examination. The and eight months to kill less than 5,000 Boer sol- examination stands in the way of reform at any diers in the field. She lost over 20,000 of her own men and set back indefinitely education, reform and point in the system. Mr. Mackintosh's arithmetic progress at home. To-day South Africa is full not has little chance of being generally accepted, because only of Dutchmen but of men of English blood who superintendents of schools will say : " It is our busi- ness to prepare for college examinations. It is nec- are becoming embittered against England. She has lost in every way, and only the mine owners, essary that we teach that which is approved." The examination has placed limitations about the many of whom are not Englishmen, have made any kindergarten, prevented the introduction of art and material gains. If such was the result of trying manual training, and interfered with the adoption of to conquer a weak people, what would ensue if the laboratory methods. In the colleges it has ma- conquest of a strong people like ourselves were at- terialized the whole course of instruction so that tempted by a nation far beyond the sea ? Of all literature and other idealistic subjects receive but nations we can best afford to lead the rest in an scant recognition. attempt at gradual, proportionate disarmament, In some such terms Mr. Mackintosh's case would which will lift the frightful burden of taxation be stated. But it is apparent further that the attack from the shoulders of the European peasant and CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 3 upon the examination is but an incident of a larger troduce practical activity in such a way as to afford intention, namely, to democratize education. Now the child a sound development-physically, intel- the two words which are suggested by the mention lectually and morally-and at the same time equip of democratic education are industrialism and re- him for efficient social service. The question that search, indicative of its substance and method. The is perplexing educators at the present time is, there- first of these implies that education, like freedom, fore, not one regarding the value of practical activ- is won by effort and is not merely communicated. ity, but rather one of ways and means by which Education is character. Character, we know, is a practical activity can be harnessed to the educa- result of doing; hence the necessity of industrial- tional work." ism. Research then is the true method of educa- This is taking a rather hopeful view of the edu- tion. Nature, life and their institutionalized forms cational situation, for it cannot be said that a very are laboratories for the child's activities . The kin- large number of educators are convinced as yet as dergarten, instead of bowing in subjection to the to the value of practical activity, and where, one authority imposed by the higher grades, should give wonders, are the teachers who can apply with any the method to the higher stages. The child should understanding the means which Miss Dopp has be in the laboratory and engage in research from worked out with such insight.-Chicago Examiner, the beginning of life to the end. April 30, 1904. Mr. Mackintosh's whole course of reasoning would be disclosed, I imagine, in this series : First, REFERENDUM LEAGUE PETITION . industrialism and research are essential to a demo- cratic educational order ; second, these cannot pre- The Referendum League has a new petition in circulation. vail so long as examinational systems are in force ; It is a state petition ; that is, the voters of the third, any break in any part of the examinational entire state may sign it and if 100,000 signatures system will meet with resistance from vested inter- ests; fourth, mathematics, because of basal un- are secured it will be filed with the secretary of truths, offers the most vulnerable point of attack state on September 8, and the voters of the state upon the system. And so we come back to this will have the privilege of voting for or against the little 15-cent Quincy Arithmetic. three questions on the "Little Ballot," at the state election . There is no greater responsibility placed upon Following is the petition : literary men to-day than this of writing the text-books of democracy. I am most familiar with To the Secretary of State, Springfield, Ill. : the text-books of literature which publishers force We, the undersigned, registered voters of the State into the hands of teachers. What is given ? One of Illinois, respectfully petition that the following page of " notes" to a page of text. What are these questions of public policy be submitted to the voters precious "notes" for ? For the purpose of an ex- of the State of Illinois, at the regular state election amination. What texts are used ? Those prescribed to be held in the said State of Illinois on Tuesday by a " Committee of Ten." Ten men have been next after the first Monday of November, A. D. found who are willing to usurp the rights that be- 1904, and file this, our petition, as provided by statute : long to ten thousand, ten men who are virtually Direct Primaries . traitors in the camp of democracy. By rights every school should write its own text-books. Better still, Shall the State Legislature amend the Primary there should be no text-books, but each child in Election Law so as to provide for party primaries at every school should establish original relations with which the voter will vote under the Australian ballot nature, life, literature and history. In a true de- directly for the candidate whom he wishes nomi- mocracy the school even would not be necessary, nated by his party, instead of voting for delegates since then life itself would be fully educative. to convention or caucus ; the primaries, throughout But there is no reason to despair of democracy. the entire district affected by the offices for which Nothing can long retard its progress. Democracy nominations are to be made, to be held by all the will conquer our political plutocracy; it will yet parties conjointly at the same time and polling triumph over our academic materialism . places. This law not to prevent the nomination of As a sign of the appearance of democracy in the candidates by petition as now provided. established educational order reference may be made Peoples Vete. to a series of books called "Industrial and Social History Series," projected by Dr. Katherine Eliza- Shall the State Legislature pass a law enabling bethDopp, the first of which, "The Tree-Dwellers," the voters of any county, city, village or township, issued. I cannot attempt to give a has already beenremarkable by majority vote, to veto any undesirable action of resume ofthis work. Its aim is to make their respective law-making bodies (except emer- real in the child's experience the industrial and gency measures ) whenever five per cent of the vot- social history graph of primitive of the preface may beman para- first series . The "The quoted: ers petition to have such action referred to popular vote. This law to apply only to such localities as of which meet thisthat a need hasfirst is the beenvolume is an felt for attempt several to years may adopt the same. by parents and physicians, as well as by teachers, supervisors and others who are actively interested Home Rule in Taxation. Shall the State Legislature submit to the voters in educational and social progress. The need of of the State of Illinois at the next following State practical activity, which for long ages constituted election an amendment to the State Constitution, the entire education of mankind, is at last recog- which will enable the voters of any county, city, vil- nized lage or township of the State of Illinois to adopt ducedby in many the elementary places, andschool. haveintro- has been alreadyItresults been such system of assessing and levying taxes as the attained which demonstrate that it is possible to in- voters of any such county, city, village or township may determine. 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION He urged united action for higher wages. He BULLETIN also advocated "a fair tenure of office," promotion by merit, and a pension system. He thought that Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, not only the city school boards but the state govern- Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, ment might be persuaded to add to the, salaries of December 23, 1901. the city school teacher. The federal government THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the would do more each year for education. Finally year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of April and December, by the Chicago Teachers' Federation. part of the many millions given each year to insti- THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single tutions of learning might be devoted, he believed, to copies, Five Cents. ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received the aid of teachers. He suggested that the St. Paul byTuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to teachers contribute themselves part of a pension the order of the Federation Bulletin. fund for their own benefit, and that they try to get THE EDITOR , the rest from the school board and from public- 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO . spirited citizens. Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. The Federation voted that committees be ap- pointed by its president, Miss Jean MacMillan-one TEACHERS POOREST PAID WORKERS IN THE committee to investigate the general subject of rais- WORLD, SAYS PROF . JAMES . ing salaries, and the other to protest before the school board against the board's action in withhold- St. Paul Federation Starts a Movement to Have Salaries ing from kindergartens the advance of pay awarded Raised. to the grade teachers.--St. Paul Globe May 24. "More than 100,000 school teachers will this year quit an occupation which does not yield them a liv- ADVERTISING FOR TEACHERS . ing wage," was the depressing announcement made yesterday afternoon by Prof. George F. James, dean The Superintendent of Schools of Chicago has of the department of pedagogy at the state univer- sent an advertisement to all the education journals, sity, in an address delivered at the Commercial stating that there is a scarcity of teachers in Chi- club before the St. Paul Federation of Grade Teach- cago in all departments . ers, upon the subject of " Teachers' Salaries. " This is the first time in the history of the Board of Education that this has been done. Prof. James maintained that school teachers are not only underpaid but that they earn much less ' The announcements as sent out by Superintend- proportionately than they received eight years ago. ent Cooley pertain to an examination for candidates for teachers to be held at the Richard T. Crane He vigorously advocated an organized movement on the part of the teachers to secure higher salaries as Manual Training high school, Oakley boulevard and the price of better work. Van Buren street, on June 27 and 28. The an- nouncement states that examinations for the follow- "Scores and hundreds of schools are this day closed in the most prosperous sections of this coun- ing positions will be held : try," said the professor, "because the bare pittance "Teachers in elementary schools, high schools , offered will not attract teachers of any kind. Why, kindergartens, manual training. In elementary over at the university we often get applications for schoois sewing teachers and physical culture teach- a high school teacher. He must teach several sci- ers are especially needed. "Examinations will be held at the time mentioned ences, we are informed, and Greek or Latin ; he ought to have a good voice and help in musical for nearly all classes of certificates given by the circles; and he certainly should be able to take board of education, including certificates as prin- charge of the boys' athletics. His salary ? Well, cipals of elementary schools, teachers in elementary they'll seldom offer more than $50 a month for ten schools , teachers of German in elementary schools, months in the year. Yet the rawest laborer, with teachers in high schools, kindergartens, manual no head and only two hands, is assured daily by the training in elementary schools, cooking in elemen- Minneapolis employment agencies $52 a month for tary schools, sewing in elementary schools, teachers every month in the year. for the deaf and drawing in elementary and high "In a prosperous town in Massachusetts dress- schools , teachers of physical culture, manual train- makers are quoted at $3 a day and meals, but the ing in high schools, family instructors, assistant best grade teachers in that town get less than $2 family instructors, military tactics and gymnastics a day. In Ohio 24,000 school teachers are paid at and horticulture in the parental school." the rate of 81 cents a day. "Conditions are but little better in the West, and SADIE A. WILLARD . they are not improving. In the wealthy state of Died May 19, 1904. Wisconsin country teachers receive 16 per cent more pay than they received eight years ago, while the From among us has gone one of God's chosen cost of living has risen 26 per cent ; in Wisconsin ones. In home, school and society those who knew cities the teacher's salary is 9 per cent less than it her mourn, for she was always a factor wherever was eight years ago ; that is, he is 35 per cent worse placed. off. Faithful to the end she was an example of pa- "We are the worst paid workers in the world. " tience and cheerful endurance to her co-workers ; a Prof. James admitted that a few teachers are leader in all that was high and elevating to the chil- wholly unfitted for their positions and that the dren who came under her care and instruction. Each teachers of any community never make a greater Columbus teacher feels a great loss has come into mistake than when they object to the incompetents her life. One who loves us sees the light. being weeded out. KATE A. REEDY. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 5 AN UNMANLY WAR ON WOMEN TEACHERS . Patrons of public schools in all sections of the country are giving evidence of extraordinary de- mands upon women school teachers-if the conduct of school boards can be accepted as indicating the popular will. Why this should be so, or whether these demands are founded in justice and right, are not altogether clear to the average man. In New England, the school boards recently de- creed the length of the schoolma'am's rainy-day skirt, fixing its metes and bounds with mathematical exactness , so that its length should not stop short of the ankle. In San Francisco the board of educa- tion has ordered that no married woman shall be employed as a teacher. In New York city, the school board, after many years' trial of this rule, has just abolished it, the board having discovered that one of its best teachers has been married ten years to the janitor. But they are preparing something new in the way of rules that may tend to curb the matri- monial instinct of the schoolma'am, and it will likely be "something awful." In Chicago and Philadelphia there are indications of a movement to oust the woman teacher altogether, and install the "male man" in all his glorious authority. In Boston it is seriously proposed to inaugurate physical examina- Corner Palace of Liberal Arts, St. Louis, tions, in order that those found guilty of a predis- Exposition. position to hysterics or to be frightened by a mouse shall not be commissioned as teachers. Even the county school boards down East are scrutinizing living, instead of trying to throw in her way the with peculiar and terrorizing ferocity the application meanest, smallest and most inexplicable obstacles.— of every young woman who aspires to teach "the Los Angeles Times . deestrick skule." There seems, in fact, to be a sud- den movement against her in all parts of the ANNOUNCEMENTS . country. Now what have the women done or left undone EXCURSION TO STARVED ROCK BENEFIT OF to deserve all this insidious and unmanly hostility ? PENSION FUND Perhaps nine-tenths of the present generation of men owe the foundations of their educations and An excursion to Starved Rock is being planned success in life to the woman teacher. She has proved for Saturday, June 11 , to benefit the Teachers' Pen- herself competent and faithful in every department sion Fund. Fare, $1.50. Trains leave Rock Island of school work. She has unhesitatingly taken up Depot at 8 and 10 a. m., stopping at Englewood the burdens of the school room, and borne with pa- Station. One thousand people are necessary to se- tience and intelligence the duties assigned to her. cure the above arrangements. Before making any In what, then, is she lacking ? Wherein has she arrangement, we must know definitely on how many failed to meet the expectations and even the de- to count. This is quite an opportunity, the regular mands of the public ? Can it be that she is hand- fare being $5.00. Please send as soon as possible, somer than she used to be ? Or is she homelier ? names and address of all in your school and outside Or does that matter, either way ? Does she dress friends who will join in the excursion to better than in other days ? If she does, her econ- Tickets for Starved Rock Excursion June 11 , now omy can be thanked, rather than any material in- on sale at Rock Island Office, 9 Adams St., Cor. crease in her wages, for man's criticism of her does Dearborn St. , beginning June Ist. All information ۱ not bear much relation to the amount he pays her given at office. STATIA G. ROCHFORD, in mere cash for a trust, a fidelity and a sacred 5735 Indiana Ave. responsibility that money could not adequately com- pensate. Chairman District 11 , Pension Com. See Federation Bulletin for further notice. Maybe she knows more than she used to know. Maybe voted tosheherhas developed life-work and become fastmakes thatsoshe de- just assogood No business will be transacted at the regular a principal meeting of the Federation of June 11 , owing to the ssoelmfeinto a hasigha pteacher, l ce andand wds a goswitches crothereby od man her- into excursion to Starved Rock for the benefit of the Anyhthoiwn,gi emlse . aIf that fis tshe caose,tit ims se-mrious . Pension Fund. The meeting will be formally called movement t a ay cchoeunpt or omae fa he anh asdue in compliance with the constitution. premacy s gainst r rogress nd gainst er - preme . But why should not woman be su- The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teach- higheslty competent in the schtooltroom ? Iit pis the ers' Federation will meet Monday, June 6, at ia order of womanlines o each ; it s ecul- 4 p. m. , in Room 437, Unity Bldg. s threlryefhoerer, glife whork-h er miss , if you plea ; FLORENCE E. TENNERRY, ive er more opporitounnity and a betsteer Cor. Secretary. 194 Oakwood Blvd. 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. NOT UP ON CLASSICS. Captain-Sergeant, note down Private Grasgrum, -three days on bread and water for slovenly turn- out on parade. A Telegraph Message That Was Terribly Translated by the Operator . Sergeant-Beg pardon, Captain, that won't make the slightest difference to him : he's a vegetarian. A well-known literary woman went over to Michi- Captain-Then give him three days on meat and gan to prepare her summer cottage for occupancy soup.--Pick-Me-Up. during the summer. Before going she made ar- rangements with her husband to have a lot of house- hold goods packed and forwarded by steamer, relates IF I CAN SUCCEED the Chicago Tribune . in making clear to you what is meant by LOANS BY For some reason the shipment was delayed, and CORRESPONDENCE you will never borrow onany other plan. Address E. B. , Federation Bulletin,437 Unity Bldg. she wrote inquiring the cause of the delay. By permission I give this paper as my reference. "Please wire me when the goods have been shipped, " she said in conclusion. The husband went hard to work and personally saw the books, hangings, and other property packed Only the deaf and dumb for the trip. Then he went down to the dock and fail to appreciate the saw them safely on board the boat. t Coming back from the river he stopped at a tele- graph office and sent the message as requested. TELEPHONE " Lares and Penates on board boat," he said. “Will now-a-days. arrive to-morrow morning." And this was the way the telegram read when Business & 5 Cents andup Residence per day. the boy brought it to the waiting woman in the little Michigan town : CHICAGO TELEPHONE CO . "Lard and peanuts on board boat. Will arrive 203 Washington Street . to-morrow morning." CHICAGO & " THE ONLY WAY " ALTON " THE ONLY WAY" RAILWAY To the World's Fair-St. Louis Our World's Fair Guide and rate LOWEST quotations cost nothing Write for them to-day RATES GEO . J. CHARLTON General Passenger Agent Chicago & Alton Railway Chicago, Illinois ㅋ ㅋㅋㅋ GODFREY ST. LOUIS CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 7 FEDERAL The First TRUST & SAVINGS National $2,000,000 CAPITAL BANK SURPLUS $500,000 A Banking, Savings and Trust Company Bank business transacted. We invite interviews or correspondence from individuals, firms or corporations contemplating making changes or opening is now new accounts . OFFICERS. DIRECTORS. located in its Thomas P. Phillips, President. E. H. Gary, Chairman, Charles Deering, Nathan G. Moore, W. J. Chalmers. new office , Vice President and Counsel. Alfred H. Mulliken. C. B. Shedd. Charles S. Castle, A. E. Musbaum. Cashier. T. P. Phillips. F. J. Scheidenhelm, Norman B. Ream. Asst. Cashier, Nathan G. Moore. 119 Edwin L. Wagner, Asst . Cashier. Irving J. Shuart, E. J. Buffington. D. W. Burrows. W. E. Phillips. Secretary. J. N. Vance. Monroe St. N. E. Cor. La Salle and Adams Streets. EVERENOS THE ARE YOU AWARE THAT NORTH AMERICAN The REVIEW JOHN CHURCH CO. 260 WABASH AVE. THEmostnotab literaryevent lebe year 1904 will ofthe the serial publi cation in THE NORTH AMERICAN Allow REVIEW of a new novel, "The Son of Royal Langbrith," by William Dean Special Discounts Howells, beginning intheJanuarynumber to School Teachers ? 50 cents a copy; $5.00 ayear Write Dept."S" for Catalogues, Prices, Terms, Etc. The North American Review, HARVARNOS FRANKLIN SQUARE, N. Y. 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. WABASH " FOLLOW THE FLAG, " TAKE THE WABASH TO SAINT LOUIS THE ONLY LINE TO THE WORLD'S FAIR MAIN ENTRANCE. TICKET OFFICE, 97 Adams St. C. S. CRANE , G. P. & T. A. F. A PALMER, A. G. P. A. ST . LOUIS , MO . CHICAGO , ILL. Do You Intend to Visit the World's Fair? Let us help you save If so we wish to call your atten- tion to the Christian Endeaver 1. We give you the free use of Hotel & Auditorium Co. , who a handsome nickel - plated have erected a mammoth hotel steel savings bank. We just opposite the entrance to the keep the key. grounds and will make reduced 2. We are open Monday even- rate of $1.00 per day for room or ings 5:30 to 8, besides usual $2.00 per day for room and hours. board, providing parties hold Charter certificate which cost is 3. We pay 3% interest, com- $1.00 and is transferable. pounded twice a year. Certificates and all information 4. We invite small deposits. can be had at their Chicago of- fice, 1408 Monadnock Bldg., Tel. Harrison, 3735. Royal Trust Company Bank, FROST & ALDRED Royal Insurance Building, Chicago Representatives . 169 Jackson Boulevard, Á State Bank. Established 1891. Avail yourself now of this op- portunity. Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin YPRADES COUNCL 100 Vol. 3. CHICAGO , JUNE 10, 1904. No. 27. BOARD OF EDUCATION. Nina Leubrie, Normal Practice. Wednesday, June 8 , 1904 . Hannah Lundahl, Headley. Olga E. Mortensen, Drummond. Admission of College Graduates. Anna M. Mott, Pullman. The following resolution presented by Dr. Kuf- Mary Agnes Nellegan, Willard. lewski was adopted : Julia D. Ingalls Oliver, Field. "Whereas, There is at the present time a great Ivy Owens, Manual Training. demand for teachers in the elementary schools, and Adele R. Weisskopf, Jungman. a considerable demand for teachers in the high Hiram H. Shepard, Goudy. schools ; and Margaret M. White, LaFayette. "Whereas, The present rules of the Board of Margaret E. Woods, Motley. Education as to admission to examinations seem to "The Superintendent of Schools respectfully re- discriminate against graduates of colleges and uni- ports that he has placed the names of the following versities; therefore, be it teachers on the unassigned list, in accordance with "Resolved, That the present rules of the Board the rules: of Education, under which graduates of colleges "Lillie C. Barkell, Holden. are refused admission to our examinations for cer- "Evelyn Bernson, Greenwood Avenue. tificates to teach in the elementary and high schools , "Grace Q. Fleming, Greene. unless such graduates have at least two years' teach- "Katherine V. Gavin, Washington . ing experience, be suspended, so as to permit candi- " Sarah A. Heineman, Brighton. dates to take the examinations on the 27th and 28th "Nell C. Jillson, Earle. of June for certificates to teach in the elementary "Dila Kohn, McAllister. and high schools, on presentation of credentials, " Lenore Lennes, Morse . showing graduation from colleges of good standing. "Elizabeth A. Noel, Yates. And it is further provided that on passing the ex- "Helen F. Roberts, McLaren. amination named above, such candidates shall, after "Margaret M. Siddall, Hammond." a four months' period of service as cadet or substi- " The Superintendent of Schools respectfully re- tute, under the regulations governing such work ports that last week he requested Mr. E. C. Delano, in the Chicago schools, be eligible to appointment District Superintendent, to make a trip to Pontiac, in the schools of Chicago." Ill., to inspect the work of a teacher there who holds The Committee on School Management presented a Chicago principal's certificate, and recommends the following reports : that the business manager be authorized to refund County Graduates Admitted. to Mr. Delano the expense of the trip, amounting That all county graduates of the Normal School, to $5.05 ." who have completed the two-year course provided "The Superintendent of Schools respectfully re- by the Board of Education of the City of Chicago, ports that, owing to the very great increase in the be given permission to take the elementary teach- number of inquiries concerning examinations for ers' examination on June 27 and 28, 1904, and if teachers to be held June 27 and 28, 1904, and the successful in passing said examination they shall unusually large number of candidates for the Nor- be awarded elementary teachers' certificates, and mal Entrance examination on June 13 and 14, the after four months' successful cadeting be assigned clerical work in the office has been greatly increased. as elementary teachers in accordance with the rules. Considerable relief in carrying on this work would Resignations . be afforded by the employment of an additional That the Superintendent has received and accept- office boy in the office of the Superintendent. ed the resignations of teachers according to the at- "The Superintendent, therefore, recommends that tached list, since the date of his last report, and rec- emergency authority be given for the employment of ommends concurrence in his action. an additional office boy in the office of the Superin- Anna R. Carroll, Carpenter. tendent of Schools for one month, at a salary not Lillian M. Clow, Headley. to exceed twenty-five dollars ($25.00) per month ; Alice T. Crane, Ellis Avenue. and that the President of the Board of Education be Corra E. Elliott, Brown. authorized to make requisition on the Civil Service Caroline S. Foskette, Emerson . Commission for such a boy, with authority to ap- Emma Atkinson Fyfe, Jefferson. point some one temporarily until some one can be Elsie M. Howe, Pullman. certified from the eligible list. " Anna C. Kearins, Sumner. Reports concurred in. 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. WHY AMERICA PROSPERS. RAISE SALARY OF SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS IN ST. PAUL. Its Women Are Educated . President M. Carey Thomas of Bryn Mawr Col- Adoniram J. Smith Is Chosen to Succeed Himself for the Ensuing Two Years and His Salary Is In- lege addressed the General Federation of Women's creased from $3,600 to $4,000- Assistant Clubs at St. Louis the other day on "Educated Superintendent J. D. Bond Is Like- wise Re-Elected and His Women in the 20th Century." Referring to that Pay Raised. rather bigoted Englishman, a member of the Mosely Adoniram J. Smith was yesterday re-elected su- Educational Commission, who lately prophesied that perintendent of the public schools for a term of two the United States will soon lose its intellectual and years without opposition, and to make the tender the commercial rank among nations if it continues to more acceptable the board raised his salary from $3,600 a year to $4,000. employ women as school teachers and to educate J. D. Bond was also re-elected assistant superin- girls with boys, President Thomas said: tendent of schools for two years, and his salary in- "Those of us who understand American condi- creased from $1,800 to $2,000 a year, the action tions better are beginning to realize that our success being unanimous in this instance also. The in- is due precisely to this fact, so bitterly resented by creased expenditure thus provided for amounts to $600 per year.-St. Paul Globe, June 2, 1904. our English, German and French rivals, who are studying us to discover why our competition is driv- WANT MORE SALARY. ing their industrial products from the world, why we Kindergarten Teachers Apply for Increase of Pay. are the richest and most prosperous of nations. In (St. Paul Globe, June 2, 1904.) the United States, for the first time in the history of Miss Florence Rood, kindergarten directress of the world, the girls of a great nation, especially the the Webster school; Miss Nina Whitman, kinder- girls of the poorer classes, have received the same garten directress of the Hancock school, and Miss education as the boys, and the ladder leading, in Antoinette Ford, first graduate teacher in the Irv- ing school, appeared before the board of school in- Huxley's words, from the gutter to the university, spectors yesterday and presented a request that the is climbed as easily by a girl as by a boy. salaries of the kindergarten directresses be increased "Although college education has affected as yet from $700 to $750 a year and the assistant kinder- only a very few out of the great number of adult gartners given $600, instead of $550. The request women in the United States, the free opportunities was referred to the committee on schools . for secondary education have influenced the whole The delegation, which represented the Kinder- American people for nearly two-thirds of a cen- gartners' association and the Grade Teachers' fede- tury. The men of the poorer classes have had, as ration, contended that the kindergarten directresses a rule, mothers as well educated as their fathers- should be paid as much as the first grade teachers, indeed, better educated. To this, more than to any in that they work as long hours and are compelled other single cause, I think may be attributed what to undergo a preparation fully as severe as are the by other nations is regarded as our phenomenal in- grade teachers. It was said that it is the general dustrial progress . Our commercial rivals could practice in cities of about the size of St. Paul to pay probably take no one step that would so tend to equal salaries, and that it is an unfair discrimina- place them on a level with American competition as tion to pay the kindergartners less in St. Paul. In to open to girls, without distinction, all their ele- a statement presented to the board it was con- mentary and secondary schools for boys." tended: "It requires an education not only equal to that of the grade teachers to take up the kindergarten IF I CAN SUCCEED work, but specialization along certain lines. The in making clear to you what is meant by LOANS BY kindergartners teach the same number of hours re- CORRESPONDENCE you will never borrow onany quired in certain other grades. The difficulties otherplan. Address E. B., Federation Bulletin, 437 Unity Bldg. found in teaching kindergarten are fully equal to By permission Igive this paper as my reference. those of other grades. The salaries are not sufficient to grant the expense for study and improvement desired." It was argued that the kindergarten teachers Only the deaf and dumb must pass the same examination as do the primary fail to appreciate the teachers, and must in addition have a knowledge of music, both vocal and instrumental, and be thor- oughly prepared in the theory and practice of kin- TELEPHONE dergarten work. An average of one hour a day is now-a-days . required to prepare the industrial work for the pupils. The directresses of the kindergartens are frequently required to oversee the work of inex- Business Residence& 5 Cents and per day up. perienced assistants. Miss Whitman said : "Besides which, it must be remembered that it is CHICAGO TELEPHONE CO . necessary to put on the wraps and shoes of 100 or 203 Washington Street. more pupils. This is in itself quite a task.-St. Paul Globe, June 2. 1904. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 3 THE BOARD OF EDUCATION ADVERTISES FOR TEACHERS OFFICE ARY EDUB SAL COAATR OIFON D 2 IT IS SAID THAT MOST OF THE CHICAGO YOUNG LADIES FITTED TO BECOME SCHOOL-TEACHERS HAVE GONE INTO BUSINESS PURSUITS RATHER THAN ACCEPT THE LOW SALARIES PAID IN THE SCHOOLS ; FURNITURE ARY LET US SAL EDU FEATHER B THE CAT OAIRON FLAT. OF LI D FOUR ROOMS FURNISH CE ED FOR FORTY FOUR NS E DOLLARS BUT WE HAVE A SUSPICION THAT THE BOARD OF EDUCATION BLAMES THE YOUNG MAN WHO STUDIES THE FURNITURE STORE "ADS" WITH BEING THE CAUSE OF THE SCAR CITY, EDUCATION BO OF SALARY RALPHWILDER AND HOPES BY ADVERTISING IN OUT- OF-TOWN PAPERS TO OVERCOME THIS DIFFICULTY. 3 By Courtesy of Record-Herald. 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION Maximum Number of Pupils. BULLETIN The maximum number of pupils to each teacher not to exceed forty. Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, Representative Educational Councils. Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, December 23, 1901. Teachers in each school to form school council and to elect representatives to a central council THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of (also to district councils) . April and December, by the Chicago Teachers ' Federation. Object. To provide a means of growth and edu- THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single copies, Five Cents. ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements , must be received cational advancement through interchange of ideas, by Tuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. and to give the school system the benefit of the ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to the order of the Federation Bulletin. experience of those actually engaged in the work of teaching. THE EDITOR , 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO . Duty. To discuss questions and methods of dis- Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. cipline and teaching, courses of study, text-books and equipment, and all other questions bearing on the work of the teacher or affecting the progress and SUGGESTIONS FOR AMENDMENTS TO SCHOOL development of the schools, and to make recom- LAW FOR CHICAGO . mendations on same to superintendent and board of education. Tenure of Office . All findings and recommendations of the councils After a probationary period, all appointments to to be made a matter of record in the official pro- be permanent during efficiency and good behavior. ceedings of the board of education. Before suspension or dismissal, all permanent ap- Definite provision to be made for time within the •pointees to be entitled to a hearing before a trial regular school hours for the meetings of the coun- commission composed of an equal number of repre- cils. sentatives from the class-room teachers, the super- vising force and the Board of Education, each body STARVED ROCK EXCURSION . to elect its own representatives. ( Supervising force to mean superintendents and principals.) An excursion to Starved Rock is being planned Salary Fund . for Saturday, June 11, to benefit the Teachers' Pen- A separate fund to be used exclusively for pay- sion Fund. Fare, $ 1.50. ment of teachers' salaries, said fund to be not less Rock Island Depot is at LaSalle and VanBuren than a certain fixed percentage of the assessed val- streets . Trains leave at 8 and 8:30 a. m., on time uation of property in Chicago. if possible. If no delay we will arrive in Utica at Entrance Qualifications . between II and 12 o'clock. In order to have trains Such a standard of scholarship and professional start promptly and avoid all confusion, tickets attainments, as entrance requirements, demanded of MUST be bought at R. I. office, 91 Adams St., not all candidates for appointment as will insure the ser- later than Friday night. vice against the permanent appointment of the un- Hotel accommodations for dinner are only good scholarly and professionally incompetent and unfit, for 100 people at one time. Be prepared and bring this to be secured by, luncheon. Drinks may be sold on the grounds (cof- (a) Examination or other equivalent educational fee, soda, ice-cream) . Ten-cent tickets for admis- test before appointment on probation. sion to grounds will be sold on trains by committee (b) Period of probation before permanent ap- to avoid delay and save time for sightseeing. pointment under supervision competent to recog- Accommodations from Utica to Rock are as fol- nize and encourage scholarship and professional lows : Buses, 25 cents round trip, or steamer, 15 ability and with authority to eliminate the incom- cents round trip, or half hour walk all the way. petent after reasonable trial in at least three differ- Steamer meets us at bridge, 3 blocks from depot. ent schools . Buses meet us at depot. (c) After permanent appointment actual work in Committee is trying to make arrangements to school room, under supervision competent to recog- have buses run direct to Deer Park to accommo- nize scholarship and professional ability in and date those who wish to see Deer Park. : through such work, to be the only test of a teach- Final information about this will be given on the er's efficiency. trains. Salary Schedule. Returning.-Trains leave Rock at 6 and 8 p. m., A schedule of salaries providing for each year's arriving in city at 9 and II p. m. service, not less than the maximum specified for the STATIA G. ROCHFORD, same year's service in the present salary schedule. 5735 Indiana Ave. Efficiency. All efficient teachers to be entitled to and to re- No business will be transacted at the regular ceive the regular annual increase of salary till max- meeting of the Federation of June 11 , owing to the imum in salary schedule is reached. excursion to Starved Rock for the benefit of the "Efficient teachers" to be held to mean all teach- Pension Fund. The meeting will be formally called ers against whom no charge of inefficiency or unfit- in compliance with the constitution, at 437 Unity ness has been proven. building, at 10:30. Inefficient teachers to be eliminated from the service by the superintendent after having had rea- The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teach- sonable opportunity for improvement and a trial ers' Federation will meet Monday, June 13, at before the trial commission. 4 p. m., in Room 437, Unity Bldg. AL CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 5 Ν. Ε . Α. ADVANCE ASSIGNMENT TO LODGING . Anticipating the difficulty of securing good ac- commodations for teachers, and in holding them if unassigned, in competition with the demands of other World's Fair guests, it is urged as of the ut- most importance that as many as possible secure assignments in advance by application, before June 15th, earlier if possible, to W. A. Carpenter, Secre- tary Local Committee, N. E. A. , Board of Educa- tion Building, Ninth and Locust streets . Extensive and carefully selected lists of hotels and private homes are now being prepared for this purpose. These lists are ready for advance assign- ments now. With the co-operation of the Exposition authori- ties and the teachers of St. Louis a special canvass of the most desirable residence sections of the city, which fortunately are also the most accessible to the Exposition, will be made. Already a large list of private homes has been secured which are not open to the public generally and which have been ten- dered for certain convention bodies like the Federa- PALACE OF VARIED INDUSTRIES, ST . LOUIS tion of Women's Clubs, the National Educational Association, and the like. A special canvass of this list will be made by the lady teachers of St. Louis to determine the exact character and extent of ac- commodations, desirability, etc. Do You Intend The most desirable residence districts in which to Visit the World's Fair? accommodations will be secured are as follows : One, the smaller, southeast of the Exposition grounds, west of Grand avenue, in the vicinity of If so we wish to call your atten- the Missouri Botanical Garden, reaching the Ex- tion to the Christian Endeaver position grounds by the South Side entrances ; the Hotel & Auditorium Co., who other, the larger, northeast and north of the grounds, extending west of Vandeventer Avenue, have erected a mammoth hotel reaching the grounds at the North entrances. Some just opposite the entrance to the equally desirable places may be located in other sec- tions. grounds and will make reduced Applicants for rooms are invited to indicate choice rate of $1.00 per day for room or of location if they so desire. They should state $2.00 per day for room and specifically number and sex of party, grouping of same, character of accommodations desired, and board, providing parties hold price they are willing to pay. It should not be ex- Charter certificate which cost is pected that such rooms in private families as the $1.00 and is transferable. Local Committee desire to recommend can be se- cured for less than 75 cents to $1.00 (and in some Certificates and all information cases possibly more) for each of two persons in a can be had at their Chicago of- room, with extra charge for meals, if desired. It is probable that the most expensive rooms will fice, 1408 Monadnock Bldg. , Tel. prove to be the most satisfactory. Harrison, 3735 . The Local Committee will, however, spare no pains to secure the lowest possible rate with such FROST & ALDRED special concessions as may be made to N. E. A. Chicago Representatives. members, and will assign the most desirable rooms to the earliest applicants. It is again urged that Avail yourself now of this op- entertainment be secured in advance and as early as portunity. possible. CHICAGO TEACHERS' RELIEF SOCIETY. LOANS TO TEACHERS The secretary will be at the board rooms to re- ceive from the collectors the special assessment of By a Teacher $1.00 each member on Saturday, June 11 , and Sat- AT LIVE AND LET LIVE LOW RATES urday, June 18, at 9 to 11:30 a. m. "Latch-string Will Be Out During Vacation." L. J. QUANTRELL, Sec. L. A. care FEDERATION BULLETIN, 437 UNITY BUILDING. 791 N. Hanılin Ave. 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . A SAFE AND PROFITABLE INVESTMENT! CO. THE NATIONAL SELF- WINDING CLOCK offers at par a 5 per cent first mortgage Gold Bond as an investment, The bonds are a first lein on all the assets of the company, and are issued in denomina- tions of $100.00 , $500.00 and $1,000.00. : : ; ::: With eachbond is given as a bonus, an equal amount of stock consisting of fo Common Stock, and to Preferred Stock. For each $100.00 invested, therefore, you will receive a $100.00 5% Gold Bond; $90.00 in Common Stock, and $10.00 in 6% Cumulative Preferred Stock. Arrangements have been made so that investors may pay for the bonds in monthly installments of $3.00 oneach $100.00 bond. Payments to begin in June and to be made on, or before, the 15th of each month. The company is incorporated under the laws of the State of Illinois. All stock is issued full paid and non-assessable. The largest corporation in the world-The United States Steel Co., uses our clocks. The Pennsylvania Railroad, after careful and extensive tests, uses our clocks. The largest Telephone Company in the world-The American Telephone & Telegraph Co.-has adopted our clock as their standard timepiece. The Chicago, Burlington & Quincy R. R. have a system extending from Chicago to Billings, Montana, in which they use our clocks. These facts speak volumes for the accuracy and efficiency of these timepieces. This isan investment in which there is less than the ordinary business chance with prospects of large dividends, as one of the old-fashioned key-winding Clock Companies has been paying 60% annually. FULL INFORMATION WILL BE GIVEN AT HEADQUARTERS: Rooms 717-21 Unity Building, 79 Dearborn Street. Telephone Central 5673 CHICAGO & " THE ONLY WAY " ALTON " THE ONLY WAY " RAILWAY To theWorld's Fair-St. Louis Our World's Fair Guide and rate LOWEST quotations cost nothing Write for them to-day RATES GEO . J. CHARLTON General Passenger Agent Chicago & Alton Railway Chicago, Illinois ㅋㅋ ㅋㅋㅋ ㅋㅋ ㅋㅋㅋ ٠٥ ㅋㅋㅋㅋ ། ཤཤཤ ㅋㅋ ཤཤཤབི རེར ) Glasper GT. LOUIS CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 7 FEDERAL First TRUST & SAVINGS National $2,000,000 CAPITAL BANK SURPLUS $500,000 A Banking, Savings and Trust Company business transacted. Bank We invite interviews or correspondence from individuals, firms or corporations contemplating making changes or opening new accounts . is now OFFICERS. DIRECTORS. located in its Thomas P. Phillips, President. E. H. Gary, Chairman, Charles Deering, Nathan G. Moore, W. J. Chalmers. new office, Vice President and Counsel. Alfred H. Mülliken. C. B. Shedd. Charles S. Castle, A. E. Musbaum. Cashier. T. P. Phillips. F. J. Scheidenhelm, Norman B. Ream. Asst. Cashier. Nathan G. Moore. 119 Edwin L. Wagner, Asst. Cashier. Irving J. Shuart, E. J. Buffington. D. W. Burrows, W. E. Phillips. Secretary. J. N. Vance. Monroe St. N. E. Cor. La Salle and Adams Streets. How Would You Like to Have EVERENOS Your Vacation in the Country WITHOUT EXPENSE? ARE YOU AWARE THAT The PLYMOUTH LIBRAR- IES have perfected a form of The service adapted to the needs of the small towns. Every vil- lage may have one. Latest JOHN CHURCH CO. and standard Fiction, Biogra- 260 WABASH AVE. phy, Travels etc. Classified catalogues furnished. Mem- Allow bers select books. New library every six months. Coopera- tive plan reduces cost to a Special Discounts minimum. to TEACHERS MAKE ΜΟΝΕΥ establishing these libraries. School Teachers? Easy, pleasant work. No ex- perience necessary. No outfit Write Dept."S" forCatalogues, to buy. Nothing to seli. No Prices, Terms, Etc. risk-every organizer sent out has succeeded. HARVARNOS Oall on or address, The Plymouth Libraries, 1841-1843 Wabash Avenue, CHICAGO. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. WABASH " FOLLOW THE FLAG, " TAKE THE WABASH TO SAINT LOUIS THE ONLY LINE TO THE WORLD'S FAIR MAIN ENTRANCE. TICKET OFFICE, 97 Adams St. C. S. CRANE , G. P. & T. A. F. A PALMER, A. G. P. A. ST. LOUIS, MO. CHICAGO , ILL. THE Let us help you save NORTH AMERICAN 1. We give you the free use of REVIEW a handsome nickel - plated steel savings bank. We keep the key. 2. We are open Monday even- THE mostnotable literaryeventofthe year 1904 will be the serial publi ings 5:30 to 8, besides usual cation in THE NORTH AMERICAN hours. REVIEW of a new novel, "The Son of Royal Langbrith," by William Dean 3. We pay 3% interest, com- Howells,beginningintheJanuarynumber pounded twice a year. 4. We invite small deposits. 50 cents a copy; $5.00 ayear Royal Trust Company Bank, Royal Insurance Building, The North American Review, 169 Jackson Boulevard, A State Bank. Established 1891 . FRANKLIN SQUARE, N. Y. Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin TRAD COUNC 100 Vol . 3. No. 28. CHICAGO, JUNE 17, 1904. Kaskaskia ; here it was that LaSalle and Tonti, impressed by the natural advantages of the steep-sided rock, establish- ed Fort St. Louis in 1681 ; and here it was that the last rem- nant of the Illini perished in 1770. The name " Starved Rock:" is a memory of that terrible siege. Pontiac, the great Pot- towamie chief, had been killed by an Illini warrior, and his followers vowed a war of ex- termination upon the tribe of his murderer. For many days they fought furiously. Finally the Illini, reduced to a few warriors, took refuge upon the summit of the rock. Here, within sight of plenty, they were slowly starved to death . "They could see the ripe corn in the field ; below them at the base of the rock flowed the riv- er appearing to mock their STARVED ROCK thirst. " One by one the near- est ones crept away under the TEACHERS AT STARVED ROCK bushes to die. The strongest ones lived for a time upon their dead, but were finally set upon and June could give no more beautiful day than she tomahawked by a party which climbed the rock. reserved for the teachers' excursion to Starved Sitting upon the rock on a beautiful, calm June Rock last Saturday, and the teachers showed their day looking out over the gently flowing water and appreciation by coming in crowds and bringing the peaceful valley with its rich fields and gardens their friends. the thought comes to mind, how fruitless was it all ! Two long trains bearing twelve hundred and The first train for Chicago left at six and second twenty-five people pulled out of the Rock Island at eight o'clock. The wanderers gathered in groups depot between 8 and 9 o'clock in the morning. The to talk over the day's events. No one had seen party was taken through some of the most beauti- enough and all felt regret for the rocks still left to ful and typical scenery in Illinois. Low fertile climb and the canons to explore . prairies, limestone bluffs and quarries, mills over- The desire to visit Starved Rock again was so hung with toilers flew past the windows of the generally expressed that another trip was an- train. Thrifty little cities nodded "good-day" and nounced for next fall. As a result of the trip the "good-bye" to the flying party, and finally, about pension fund is about $625 richer. noon , Utica was reached. Carriages took the party to the Rock, where IS A TEACHER A FELLOW SERVANT? lunch was spread upon the high grassy banks over- Attention is called to the article in this issue under looking the Illinois river. After lunch the crowd the head " Fellow Servant . " Is a teacher a "fellow- dispersed and small parties spent the afternoon servant" of the engineers and janitors ? If so, climbing the rocks, wandering through the canons , would the teacher have any right to damages from taking short boat trips or carriage rides to neigh- injury caused by the carelessness or incompetence boring places of interest and beauty. of an engineer or janitor or other employe of the There is no spot in America more storied than the Board of Education ? A workman in a school room region about Starved Rock. Tales of romances not long since caused a window pole to strike a and adventure, earnest religious zeal and cruel war- teacher on the head, injuring her eye. If he had fare cling about its streams and hills. Here it was seriously injured or caused her death would the city that Marquette and Joliet landed in 1673 and began be liable or would he be declared by the courts to their work among the Illini in their great village of be the teacher's " fellow-servant" ? 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. ST. PAUL BOARD OF EDUCATION AND THE CHIEF JUSTICE SCORES TRUST METHODS. BOOK TRUST . As Member of Methodist Conference Committee on Teachers No Voice in Selecting Books . Industrial Peace Reads Remarkable Report. (Editorial from St. Paul Pioneer Press, June 4, 1904.) Defends Cause of Workingmen. The proceedings of the board of education in the Speaking before an audience of 4,000 at the Gen- matter of text books for the next three years will eral Methodist Conference at Los Angeles last week cause a general smile. For it was the same old Chief Justice Lohr of Delaware said : farce with all disguise stripped off. The selection "When successful, the robber in gilded effrontery of the books, it will be observed, was left by the may lead the four hundred, while the common thief majority of the board entirely to the superintend- who steals a loaf of bread to appease his hunger is, ent, Mr. Smith, who it is well understood was chosen for that position because he was acceptable it may be, sent to the penitentiary. to the American Book company. Accordingly, the "Heartless combinations of capital, organized as great bulk of the books selected are those published trusts, control, raise and lower at will the price of by that company. Mr. Holman, the president of the necessaries of life, and breed great unrest. the board, earnestly protested against the precipitate "Stocks have been unloaded upon the people in action of the text book committee which, without any previous investigation of the relative merits of schemes of gigantic robbery, the schemers taking the books, presented as its report one which its care only in violations of law to escape the common chairman said was prepared by the superintendent, jails." Mr. Holman said he had never seen this report and These statements form a part of a most remark- asked that action be delayed until he had time to able report to the Conference presented by the Com- prepare a report, believing, he said, that it was the mittee on International and Industrial Peace, of most important question that had come before the board during his membership. He argued that the which Justice Lohr is a member. The reading of selection of text books should be delayed until the the report aroused a storm of debate. course of study in the grades and high school had John Young, a layman from New Hampshire, been settled and said that there had been no con- immediately found fault with the report on the sultation with the principals and teachers of the ground that it was incendiary in its reference to the various schools as is done in other cities. He avowed that many of the leading book men of the industrial question. Others agreed with Chief Jus- country will not come to St. Paul to attempt a use- tice Lohr in the strength and fearlessness of the utterances it contained. less competition in a field which he said with caus- tic significance was " covered by and in control of Here are other statements to which Judge Lohr the book trust." If the proper course was pursued asked the approval of the Conference : the contract now given almost exclusively to the "In the industrial world gigantic corporations book trust would probably be divided among half a with impersonal relations to their employes have dozen companies and there was no reason for rush- largely monopolized manufacturing and industrial ing through this contract for three years in which pursuits. Under the spur of greed and competi- the full retail price was awarded without any re- tion, they demand of their employes maximum labor duction for the three years or for the magnitude of at minimum wages. The stricken toiler turns upon the supply. Mr. Holman then proceeded to object the oppressor. The grasping monopolist and the to the history, the grammar, the language, the spell- walking delegate are representatives of these two ing and the music books offered by the American opposing forces. In the main, public sympathy is Book company. He described some of these books generally and rightfully with the toiler. as "fit only for the rubbish pile." The music book "We were delighted to hear that the great con- had been condemned by the local supervisor of vention of Locomotive Engineers, now in session music. He wanted to get the selection of text in this city has announced that strikes shall be no books on a foundation independent of the book more, and that the rule governing labor and capital shall hereafter be the Golden Rule . trust. Notwithstanding this vigorous protest the board "The Methodist Episcopal Church is essentially a adopted the majority report-Mr. Holman alone church of bread-winners. Her people are largely voting in the negative. His one vote nevertheless the sufferers from the ills which have been enumer- has behind it the great bulk of the friends of the ated. It is becoming, therefore, for her to put her- public schools and the entire weight of the intelli- self boldly and fearlessly on the side of the peace- gent public opinion of the city. For it stands for ful arbitration of all human disputes. " independence of the school book trust-for unbend- The remedies suggested for the industrial situa- ing uprightness in the administration of the educa- tion are that Congress shall establish a " Permanent tional affairs of the public schools. His speech in National Peace Court, " and that there shall also be support of it is a timely and emphatic remonstrance established a " Permanent, Periodic, International against the subserviency of the board to the school Congress." It is suggested that, if Congress has book trust which, although it fell on heedless ears not power to compel the submission of industrial in that body, will find a general and hearty support questions to a national peace court, it may be given in the public sentiment of the community at large. such power. CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 3 WHAT IS A “FELLOW SERVANT" ? AN INCORRIGIBLE. It is a settled rule of law that when one employe [From an Exchange. ] is injured through the neglect or blunder of a " fel- This story is told at the expense of a recently appointed supervisor of a public school in Philadel- low servant" the employer is not liable in damages . phia : One day she happened to be visiting a school The courts have held that where one employe is where a young incorrigible was undergoing punish- necessarily exposed to hazard by the carelessness of ment for a series of misdemeanors . a coemploye he must be supposed to have voluntar- The teacher cited him as "the worst boy in the ily taken the risk of that carelessness. If he notices school-one I can't do anything with. I've tried everything in the way of punishment.” that one of his fellow workers is negligent or un- "Have you tried kindness ?" was the gentle in- skillful, and hence a dangerous man to work with, quiry of the other lady. it is his duty for his own protection to notify the "I did at first, but I've got beyond that now.” employer. At the close of the session, according to the Phil- The law may seem plain enough, but there are adelphia Ledger, the lady asked the boy if he would call and see her on the following Saturday. A boy continual disputes over what is a "fellow servant. " arrived promptly at the hour appointed. The lady If a dozen men are lifting a beam and one is careless showed him her best pictures, played her liveliest and another is injured, clearly the employer is not music and set before him a luncheon on her daint- liable. If the men obey the blundering order of a iest china, when she thought it about time to begin her little sermon . foreman and one is hurt, the foreman is not a fel- "My dear," she began, "were you not very un- low servant, but a representative of the employer, happy to have to stand in the corner before all the who is liable. There are more complicated cases class for punishment ? " than this. There is, for instance, the one passed on "Please, ma'am," broke in the boy, with his mouth by the Supreme court of the United States this full of cake, " that wasn't me you saw. It was Pete, and he gave me to cents to come here and take your week and determined by a vote of five to four. A fireman on the Northern Pacific was killed in jawing.' a collision caused by the negligence of a telegraph Lose this day loitering, it will be the same story operator and station agent working for the road. To-morrow, and the rest more dilatory. The operator gave the train dispatcher incorrect Thus indecision brings its own delays, information about the movements of trains which And days are lost tormenting over other days. caused him to give an order which resulted in the Are you in earnest ? Seize this very minute ; collision . The Circuit Court of Appeals was uncer- What you can do, or dream you can, begin it ; tain whether the operator was a " fellow servant " of Boldness has genius, power, and magic in it ; Only engage and then the mind grows heated ; the fireman or a "vice principal" of the company, Begin, and then the work will be completed. and asked the Supreme court to determine the point. -Goethe. Justice Brewer and four others say he was a " fellow servant," and Justice White and three others that he Guest ( impatiently ) -Say, waiter, how long have was not. The majority governs. you been employed here ? Railroad officials will agree with Justice Brewer Waiter-' Bout a week, sah ? and railroad employes with Justice White. Those Guest-Oh, is that all ? Then I must have given who belong to neither class will be divided in their my order to some other waiter. opinions, but the majority of them will think that the operator was not a "fellow servant" about whose lack of competency and liability to be danger- IF I CAN SUCCEED cusly negligent the fireman had sufficient means of getting information ; that it was the duty of the in making clear to you what is meant by LOANS BY company to have a competent man in his place, and CORRESPONDENCE you will never borrow onany that if it put an incompetent man there it ought to other plan. Address E. B., Federation Bulletin,437 Unity Bldg. pay for his blunders. But the Supreme court has By permission Igive this paperas my reference. decided otherwise. —Chicago Tribune. Only the deaf and dumb SMALL LOANS CHEAP fail to appreciate the AZ care FEDERATION BULLETIN . TELEPHONE now-a-days . IT WILL PAY YOU Business Residence& 5 Cents and per day up . To get any extra money you may need this summer from me. My rates are very reasonable to teachers. All arrangements CHICAGO TELEPHONE CO . may be made by correspondence. Strictly confidential. 203 Washington Street . Address . E. A. B. , THE FEDERATION BULLETIN. 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION examinations are denounced by the leading educa- BULLETIN tors in the country as the knowledge necessary to pass them does not in any way assist the teacher in Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, her daily work and is in no way a test of the teach- Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, er's efficiency. December 23, 1901. Conscientious teachers who have the welfare of THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the their pupils at heart, and who devote their entire year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of time to teaching and not personal gain, cannot take April andDecember, by the Chicago Teachers' Federation. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single the time and strength from their daily work to pre- copies, Five Cents. ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received pare for them ; and, byTuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to Whereas, The Board of Education reserves the the order of the Federation Bulletin. right to discharge teachers at any time, with or THE EDITOR , without cause, and to raise or lower the salaries at 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO. any time; therefore, be it Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. Resolved, By the Chicago Federation of Labor, that a committee be appointed whose duty it shall be to inquire into these conditions and take suitable RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED BY CHICAGO FEDER- action to notify through the labor press all pros- ATION OF LABOR JUNE 5, 1904. pective candidates for these examinations that the statements made in the educational journals are mis- Whereas, The Chicago Board of Education has leading and not supported by facts. advertised in the Educational Journal of this country for candidates for the teachers' examination to be EQUAL PAY FOR MEN AND WOMEN. held June 27th and 28th, stating that there is a scarcity of teachers in Chicago, and, Sections of Constitution of Chicago Federation of Labor Whereas, This scarcity of teachers is due to the Adopted June 12 , 1904 . arbitrary rulings of the Board of Education in re- Sec. 8. To shorten the hours of labor to eight gard to cadets and experienced teachers, as shown and to secure equal pay for equal service for both by the tollowing facts : At present there is a wait- men and women. ing list of cadets, some of whom have been waiting *Sec. 12. To secure the election of the Chicago three years. These cadets are graduates of the Chica- Board of Education by direct vote of the people. go High Schools, have passed the necessary examin- ations (including a physical examination) to enter A VICTORY . the Normal School, have spent two years at the The Record-Herald says concerning the recent Normal School, have passed all examinations at the vote on the proposition to have the Chicago School Normal School and have cadetted from one to three Board elected by the people which would mean years in various public schools of this city abso- women people as well as men people : utely without pay, except for ocacsional substitu- "The equal suffragists watched for the result of ting. All this requires a preparation which prac- the referendum on this question with more than tically amounts to an apprenticeship of about nine passing interest, and with visions of greater fran- chise power in relation to the selection of educa- years, after leaving the Grammar School ; thus ma- tional officials. And the result was most gratify- king the age of a beginning teacher at least twenty- ing. Out of a total vote of 173,885 on the school two years. The beginning salary is $550 a year. board question, those in favor of the popular elec- This practically bars the children of the working- tion plan had a majority of 58,825 . man from teaching in the public schools. There are Illinois women are not allowed to vote for state only 70 graduates at the Normal School this year, superintendent of schools for the simple but valid as against 350 or over in previous years ; and, reason that the provisions of the state constitution stand in the way. This official being specifically Whereas, The statement in the Educational Jour- mentioned in the constitution, the terms of that doc- nals in regard to salaries is misleading, the schedule tument set forth the fact that he must be chosen by given ranging from $550 to $ 1,000. As a matter of "male electors," and this effectually cuts out elec- fact, no grade teacher has ever received $ 1,000 a tors of the opposite sex. So it must remain until the present constitution is amended or a new one year. For the last few years the salaries have de- is adopted. pended upon the mood of the Board of Education- On the other hand the Illinois Supreme Court they raised or lowered them whenever they pleased. has enunciated the principle that women may be At present the salaries range from $550 to $875 ; eligible as electors for officials whose offices do not $875 is the salary for the seventh year and is the fall under the constitution ban but are created by maximum salary for every grade teacher, except acts of the legislature. Hence all that is necessary a few eighth grade teachers-not head assistants- to give women their rights in this regard is for the legislature to make the Chicago School Board elec- who get $900. No grade teacher can get more than tive and the women of Chicago can vote for the this unless she passes a so-called promotional ex- election of the members, as the legislature of Illi- amination. If she passes, her salary is raised $50 a nois has granted women the right to vote for elected year until the $ 1,000 is reached. The promotional school boards in Illinois . CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 5 PALACE OF MINES AND METALLURGY . SPECIAL TRIP TO THE N. E. A. AND WORLD'S cial admission coupons may be sold in advance with FAIR. the N. E. A. membership certificate through the A special party will leave Chicago on the morn- office of the Secretary of the Association or such ing of Monday, June 27th, for St. Louis and the representatives as he may appoint. N. E. A. Arrangements have been made to ac- It is provided that the first admission coupon commodate all comfortably who wish to go, either (but no others) will be good for admission without in special train or special car. Those going on signature or date-stamp, in order to enable the hol- Monday have the privilege of returning any time der of an advance coupon ticket to use one coupon before the first of September. for the first admission . The ticket should then be Visitors at the Fair who have returned to Chicago presented at the Registration Bureau, with the cor- speak in most enthusiastic terms of the Exposition responding membership certificate that it may be and no one who is intending to take a vacation out- signed and dated before the second coupon is used. side the city should miss the opportunity of attend- This is important since the gate keepers will be in- ing the N. E. A. and seeing the Exposition. structed to take up any ticket presented the second Comfortable rooms may be obtained within walk- time without date stamp and signature. ing distance of the fair ground and addresses will These admission coupon tickets may be secured be furnished to applicants at this office. It is im- in advance at any time between April 25 and June portant to register at once in order that proper 20 by remitting to Irwin Shepard, Secretary, N. E. provisions may be made. A. , Winona. Minn. , five dollars ($5.00) by Draft, Tickets can be purchased now or at any later Express or Postal Money Order, for which an N. time. It is advised that arrangements be made early E. A. membership certificate for the St. Louis meet- so as to avoid the crowd of the general public. ing and a ten-admission coupon ticket will be sent CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION , in return. Transportation Committee The admission coupon tickets purchased in ad- N. E. A. Membership a Condition. vance may be used on and after June 25, but must be presented for signing and stamping before While advance assignments will be made without June 30. requiring presentation of N. E. A. membership These special N. E. A. ten coupon admission certificate, it is understood that each one who ap- tickets are non-transferable, but if the advance pur- plies for entertainment to this committee will, in chaser is unable through sickness to attend the con- such application, agree to become a member of the vention, it may be returned, with a physician's cer- Association, either active or associate and in all tificate of disability, to Secretary Shepard, any time cases will present such membership certificate at before July 1 , and its full value will be refunded. the time of settlement of the bill. After arrival in No refund of N. E. A. membership will be made St. Louis no assignments will be made until after since its value will be returned in a copy of the membership registration. annual Volume. Special Concession on Admissions . On and after June 25, but not later than June 30, In order to aid the plans of the Association and these ten admission coupon tickets may be pur- to facilitate the studies of the exhibits to follow the chased at the time of membership registration in convention meetings, the authorities of the Exposi- St. Louis . tion and of the Association have made an arrange- Any holder of an N. E. A. membership certificate ment whereby membership in the Association and ( St. Louis meeting) either active or associate, on an admission coupon ticket providing for ten ad- which an N. E. A. admission coupon ticket has not missions to the Exposition, to be used within fifteen been issued, may purchase the latter on application days of the date-stamp on same, may be purchased and presentation of the membership certificate at for $5.00-the regular price of the admissions alone . the Registration Bureau in St. Louis, either at Since the main Bureau of Registration will be Music Hall (downtown) or at the Town Hall, on located within the grounds at the Town Hall, of the the grounds, on the terms mentioned above, receiv- "Model City" it is further provided that these spe- ing full credit for the membership certificate 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . Are You Going To Wait until the Cream Is in Some Other Fellow's Pitcher? IF YOU ARE, DON'T READ THIS: Because the 5 per cent first mortgage Gold Bond which the National Self-Winding Clock Co. offers, with an equal amount of stock as a bonus,is the very cream of investments, and will only treble or quadruple your money in the next three or four years . The bonds are a first lien on all the assets of the company, and are issued in denominations of $100.00, $500.00 and $1,000.00. With each bond is given as a bonus, an equal amount of stock consisting of 9-10 Common Stock, and 1-10 Preferred Stock. For each $100 00 invested therefore, you will receive a $100 5 per cent Gold Bond; $90.00 in Common Stock, and $10.00 in 6 per centumulative Preferred Stock. Arrangements have been made so that investors may pay for the bonds in monthly installments of $3.00 on each $100.00 bond. Payments to begin in June and to be made on, or before , the 15th of each month. Why is this a safe and profitable investment for yu? You know how conservative Bank Presidents are ! Well the presidents of two different banks are among the subscribers to these bonds . Probably then it is a safe and profitable investment, don't you think? Should you invest as others-yes , many others- have and are doing, you will purchase a good bond and a good stock, as an investmentt to hold for increased value, and for dividends. If it were only possible for us to come face to face, and see each other, and become acquainted, you would know that which we say and have said is the truth. The unbiased truth. If you will drop into the office any afternoon after school, or in the evening by appointment, we can show you how you can make some money during the vacation by helping us piace these bonds. Come in and investigate for yourself, and make some money this summer while you are resting. The cream will soon be gone , because the amount of bonus stock will be decreased . We do not ask you to invest in a speculation, but in a certainty. Full information will be given at headquarters , NATIONAL SELF-WINDING CLOCK CO. Rooms , 717-21 Unity Bldg. , 79 Dearborn St. , Telephone Central 5673 . CHICAGO & " THE ONLY WAY" ALTON " THE ONLY WAY" RAILWAY To the World's Fair-St. Louis Our World's Fair Guide and rate LOWEST quotations cost nothing Write for them to-day RATES GEO . J. CHARLTON General Passenger Agent Chicago & Alton Railway Chicago, Illinois ALTOM ㅋㅋ 1979447a12 ཟབ་ཉ་ GORFRET ST . LOUIS CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 7 FEDERAL The First TRUST & SAVINGS National $2,000,000 CAPITAL BANK SURPLUS $500,000 A Banking, Savings and Trust Company business transacted. Bank We invite interviews or correspondence from individuals, firms or corporations contemplating making changes or opening new accounts . is now OFFICERS. DIRECTORS. located in its Thomas P. Phillips, President . E. H. Gary, Chairman, Charles Deering, Nathan G. Moore, W. J. Chalmers. new office, Vice President and Counsel. Alfred H. Mulliken. C. B. Shedd. Charles S. Castle, A. E. Musbaum. Cashier. T. P. Phillips. F. J. Scheidenhelm, Norman B. Ream. Asst. Cashier. Nathan G. Moore. 119 Edwin L. Wagner, Asst . Cashier. Irving J. Shuart, E. J. Buffington. D. W. Burrows. W. E. Phillips. Secretary. J. N. Vance. Monroe St. N. E. Cor. La Salle and Adams Streets . Do You Intend How Would You Like to Have to Visit the World's Fair? Your Vacation in the Country WITHOUT EXPENSE? If so we wish to call your atten- The PLYMOUTH LIBRAR- tion to the Christian Endeaver IES have perfected a form of Hotel & Auditorium Co. , who service adapted to the needs of have erected a mammoth hotel the small towns. Every vil- just opposite the entrance to the lage may have one. Latest grounds and will make reduced and standard Fiction, Biogra- rate of $1.00 per day for room or phy, Travels etc. Classified catalogues furnished. Mem- $2.00 per day for room and bers select books. New library board, providing parties hold every six months. Coopera- Charter certificate which cost is tive plan reduces cost to a $1.00 and is transferable. minimum. Certificates and all information TEACHERS MAKE MONEY can be had at their Chicago of- establishing these libraries . Easy, pleasant work. No ex- fice, 1408 Monadnock Bldg. , Tel . perience necessary. No outfit Harrison, 3735. to buy. Nothing to seil. No risk-every organizer sent out FROST & ALDRED has succeeded. - Chicago Representatives . Call on or address , Avail yourself now of this op- The Plymouth Libraries, 1841-1843 Wabash Avenue, CHICAGO. portunity. 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . “ FOLLOW THE FLAΘ . " WORLD'S FAIR EXCURSION RATES THE WABASH 1 WA B AS H БИ BACH WORLD'S FAIR MAIN ENTRANCE DISTANCE 200 FEET ROUND trip Seven Day Coach Excursions $6 FROM CHICAGO June 14 , 16 , 21 , 23 , 28 and 30 $ 6 June 27, $8.00 Round Trip , Limit 10 Days , $10, Round OTHER RATES: $12, Trip; good60days. Round Trip; good till Dec. 15. The Only Line That Lands Passengers and Baggage at WORLD'S FAIR MAIN ENTRANCE . Write us a postal and let us keep you posted as to special Ticket Office: 97 Adams Street. Phone: Har. 4500, Line 37. rates and special days in connection with the Far . THE Let us help you save NORTH AMERICAN 1. We give you the free use of REVIEW a handsome nickel - plated steel savings bank. We keep the key. HE most notable literary event of the 2. We are open Monday even- THE year 1904 will be the serial publi ings 5:30 to 8, besides usual cation in THE NORTH AMERICAN hours . REVIEW of a new novel, "The Son of Royal Langbrith," by William Dean 3. We pay 3% interest, com- Howells,beginningintheJanuarynumber pounded twice a year. 4. We invite small deposits. 4 50 cents a copy; $5.00 ayear Royal Trust Company Bank, Royal Insurance Building, The North American Review, 169 Jackson Boulevard, Established 1891 . A State Bank. FRANKLIN SQUARE, N. Y. Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin Count 100 Vol. 3. CHICAGO, JUNE 24, 1904. No. 29. BOARD OF EDUCATION . That the Superintendent has placed the names of the following teachers on the unassigned list in accordance Wednesday, June 22, 1904. with the rules : The Committee on School Management presented the Allport, Evangeline S., Wicker Park. following reports: Atwood, Lenna G., Morris. That the following named assistant superintendents, dis- Bosworth, Clara L., Beale. trict superintendents, supervisors, special teachers, princi- Burch, Maud, Scott. pals and teachers be continued in the employ of the Board Hevle, Carrie, Morris. for the ensuing school year, subject to the probation and Lutiger, Mary, Morris. certificate rules, and subject also to the transfer from grade Von Holland, Helene, Beale. to grade, and from school to school by the Superintendent Witt, Anna L. of Schools whenever necessary for the good of the service, That the Superintendent has granted leaves of absence and subject to all rules now in force relating to suspension for the purpose of study until June 25, 1904, to the follow- or dismissal of teachers for cause . ing named teachers, in accordance with the rules : Teachers designated by a star (* ) are elected on proba- Barry, Kathryn, Talcott School, to date from Nov. 6, tion. 1903. (Here followed the list.) Black, Jessie E., Normal School, to date from Sept. I , That Theresa B. Murphy, Head Assistant of the Long- 1903. fellow School, be transferred to the position of Head As- Tennent, Margaret, Fernwood School, to date from Oct. sistant of the school at Schubert and Monticello avenues . 13, 1903. The following transfers of principals of elementary Wallenberg, Clara, Wicker Park, to date from Oct. 12, schools : 1903. Elizabeth T. Spieker, from the principalship of the James That the Superintendent had made assignments and A. Sexton School to the principalship of the Wicker Park transfers of elementary teachers according to the following School, vice Agnes M. Brown, deceased. list, since the date of his last report, and recommends con- George D. Plant, from the principalship of the Seward currence in his action. School to the principalship of the Burroughs School. Assignments of elementary teachers : James E. Welch, from the principalship of the school at Brookhouse, Margaret C., to Ryerson. 15th place and Washtenaw avenue to the principalship of . Evans , Lillian E., to Marsh. the Colman School, vice Daniel O'Connor, transferred. Gallagher, Margaret E., to Bismarck . Wm. J. K. Bowen, from the principalship of the Corkery Glasheen , Nellie F., to Burley. School to the principalship of the school at 15th place and Griffiths , Florence, to Greene. Washtenaw avenue. Lane, Fannie M., to Avondale. Daniel O'Connor, from the principalship of the Colman Lydiard, Lorna, to Motley. School to the principalship of the Corkery School, vice McKay, Margaret V. , to Brighton. Wm. J. K. Bowen, transferred. McKee, Margaret J. , to Carter. Bertha S. Armbruster, from the principalship of the Nay, Ethel B., to Brown. Foster School to the principalship of the Ohio Street Person, Matilda, to Carpenter. School, vice Peter A. Mortenson, transferred. Rix, Francis L., to Drummond. Peter A. Mortenson, from the principalship of the Ohio Ryan, May E. , to Corkery. Street School to the principalship of the school at Schu- Sorenson, Andrea M., to Jirka. bert and Monticello avenues. Taylor, Nellie F., to Columbus . Mary B. Catelain, from the principalship of the Scammon Whitcomb, Kate, to Von Humboldt . School to the the principalship ipalship of the Foster School, vice Wilson, Henry H., to Brentano. Bertha S. Armbruster, transferred. Transfer of elementary teachers : Margaret C. Adams, from the principalship of the Long- Beryson, Grace, from Prescott to Thomas School. fellow School to the principalship of the Scammon School, Connors, Frances G., from Marsh to Wadsworth School . vice Mary B. Catelain, transferred. Hartley, May, from Burley to Schneider School . That Robert L. Hughes, who holds the necessary certifi- Kingsley, Nellie, from Bismarck to Prescott School. cate, be elected to the principalship of the James A. Sexton Lynch, Lucy A., from Jirka to Cooper. School, vice Elizabeth T. Spieker, transferred, and that Powers , Kathleen J., from Corkery to McAllister. his salary be fixed at the 7th year of the schedule, $1,800 ; Rowe, Ella A., from Wadsworth to Pullman. and that Clarence E. De Butts, who holds the necessary Tidball, Jeannette, from Von Humboldt to Morse School. certificate, be elected to the principalship of the Seward Snitzer, Agnes R., from Harrison to Kozminski. School, vice George D. Plant, transferred, and that his sal- Boyles, Eva E. , from Kozminski to Harrison. ary be fixed at the 6th year of the schedule, $ 1,900. Lane, Fannie M., from Avondale to Bancroft School. That Alice B. George, who has been assisting Mr. Curtis Lane, Fannie M., from Bancroft to Brentano School. in the Blind Department at the Clarke School, has re- Transfer of kindergarten teacher : signed, and that the Superintendent be given authority to Schindler, Louise, from Jones to Phil. Sheridan. select from the graduating class of the Normal School a That the Superintendent has received and accepted the cadet, who shall be allowed substitute's pay while taking resignations of the following named teachers and recom- this special training given by Mr. Curtis, and who shall mends concurrence in his action : be assigned to work in the Blind Department after four Bevans, Laura H. , Normal ; Elrod, Ephraim W., Paren- months' successful cadetting. tal ; Elrod, Lulu M. , Parental ; Faucette, Ella M., Moseley ; That Anna C. Grannis be elected teacher in charge of George, Alice B., Clarke ; Hagen, Nina Hillstad, Bancroft; Ban the McPherson School, which is more than one-half mile Kissell, Mary Lois, Kosmınski ; Shanklin, Susanna A., distant from the main building and has four rooms, and Brown; Taylor, Clinton O. , Normal ; Wallis, Sidonia, Mar- that she be paid for such extra service as head of the shall High ; Wilson, Henry H., Brentano ; Withrow, Amy, branch the sum of $75 per year in addition to her regular Hammond. salary, according to the rules of the Board for such ap- That the following named persons have successfully pointments. completed the one year's course in Manual Training in the 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. Chicago Normal School , and recommends that they be to the keeper of our horses or to the keeper of our granted certificates showing the completion of a one year's cattle. course in Manual Training, and also partial certificates to teach Manual Training in the elementary schools : Holmes, 2. The salaries paid are insufficient in view of Laura E.; Rise, Florence ; Tennent, Margaret . the large amount of technical preparation required That the following named persons have successfully com- for the performance of the duties of the office. pleted the one year's course in cookery in the Chicago Years of preparation are required ; first in the High Normal School and recommends that they be granted cer- school and later in the college or professional school. tificates showing the completion of a one year's course in cookery, and also partial certificates to teach cookery in Is it justice to those who have pursued this laborious the elementary schools : Barry, Kathryn ; Buchholz, Laura course that in the end they should find themselves H.; Cowan, Margaret L.; Evoy, Euphemia E.; Gaylord, limited to a salary so small as to seem pitiful in view Marion ; Hall, Myra L.; Hartwell, Mary ; Holmes, Helen M.; Mendsen, Ella J.; Moore, Jennie D .; Ropp, Mina H.; of the hardship undergone and the expense which Winchell, Cora M.; Winchell, Florence E.; Wolcott, has been incurred ? Myra; Wolcott, Nellie. 3. The salaries paid are insufficient in view of That the following named persons have successfully com- the character of the work required of the teacher. pleted the one year's course in sewing in the Normal The four or five or six hours in the schoolroom re- School, and recommends that they be granted certificates showing the completion of a one-year's course in sewing, quire a strength of body and a strength of mind as and also partial certificates to teach sewing in the ele- great as is required in the practice of any profes- mentary schools : Hubbell, Stella M.; Low, Clara E.; Mer- sion. In no other work can it be so truly said that ritt, Mary C. That the Longfellow and Komensky Schools are on the the toiler gives forth of his own strength to the one same school site. Heretofore each building has had a prin- for whom he toils. cipal. By consolidating the two schools under the man- 4.. The salaries paid are insufficient in view of agement of one principal there can be better grading, har- monizing and conflicting interests, and economy by saving the necessary professional expense connected with the salary of one principal. a teacher's life. The teacher who is to maintain "The Superintendent therefore recommends the consoli- his or her position must read daily. This requires dation of the Longfellow School and the Komensky the purchase of many books. At least 20 per cent School, and that the same be hereafter known as the Ko- mensky School . " of the teacher's salary can be spent to advantage Concurred in. in this kind of effort to renew the mind and the body. Can it be done on the present basis of sal- aries? MAKES PLEA FOR SCHOOL TEACHER . 5. The salaries paid are insufficient in view of President William R. Harper of the University the provision which should be made beforehand for of Chicago, in an article which appeared yesterday old age. It is a serious question whether a woman in the World Today, declared school teachers were over 50 or 55 years of age can teach in the grades. underpaid, undervalued, and victims of the public's But what is there left for a teacher who is compelled injustice. He held the end of a lifetime of unsel- to give up her work at the age of 50 or 55 ? No new fish labor must be one of poverty and silent tragedy. occupation can be taken up. The work of life is The salaries paid throughout the country, Presi- practically finished and yet the individual must go dent Harper said, were inadequate even for living on living possibly many years. expenses, and did not begin to compensate for the Declares Picture a Dark One. talent, the technical preparation, the moral character "The picture," Dr. Harper concluded, "is a dark of the work, and professional expenses demanded one. Many, many tragedies lurk in the background. by the career. It is a picture the sight of which ought to inspire Chicago Salaries Among Lowest. every parent to undertake a contest with the authori- Chicago, he showed by figures, paid its teachers ties for better salaries ; because better salaries mean almost the lowest salaries known to any large city better talent, better preparation, a higher character in the country . of work, the taking advantage of larger oppor- " In Boston," the article stated, "teachers are paid tunities, and, in addition, the privilege to which from $1,620 to $3,060 ; grammar school and ele- every man or woman who has given up life for the mentary teachers, $936 to $2,340. In Chicago sal- sake of others is entitled the privilege of a quiet aries range from $850 to $2,000 in the High schools, and comfortable old age. from $500 to $825 in the graded schools. San Fran- "Why does this injustice continue ? Because the cisco pays from $900 to $ 1,350 in its High schools." eyes of parents, as well as of those in authority, are After giving wages paid in other places President blind. How can they be opened ? Let us ask our- Harper writes : selves this question and let us find an answer for it." "Can any intelligent person read these figures and -Chicago Tribune, June 19, 1904. willingly say they represent a satisfactory situation ? It seems to me the salaries are grossly inadequate. TOMLINS NATIONAL INSTITUTE . I desire to protest against the injustice done this From June 27 to July 29, at Handel Hall, Chi- great body of faithful public servants. When the cago, William L. Tomlins will conduct a five weeks ' five are taken together the case against the present summer session of the Tomlins National Institute. policy is overwhelming in its strength. This willbe a music school for teachers and it is Arguments Against the System . more than likely that it will be the last summer 1. The salaries paid are insufficient in view of the school of this character personally conducted by Mr. grade of talent demanded for the work of instruc- Tomlins . Extended duties connected with the larg- tion. It is universally recognized that strong qual- er interests of the National Institute will so occupy ities are called for in a teacher, and that a suc- the time of this great teacher that the summer cessful teacher is one who can succeed likewise in school, in which he takes great interest, will in all a multitude of ways outside the profession of teach- probability have to be placed in other hands next ing. Yet we are willing to pay to our children's year, or, closed altogether. teacher a salary far less than is paid in many cases Teachers who have enjoyed the privilege of in CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 3 struction from Mr. Tomlins will, under the circum- plies for entertainment to this committee will, in stances, realize the value of the opportunity which is such application, agree to become a member of the now presented to them, a privilege which may not Association, either active or associate and in all again be granted. During this five weeks of music cases will present such membership certificate at study the class will meet each day, excepting Satur- the time of settlement of the bill. After arrival in day, the sessions occupying the mornings from 9:30 St. Louis no assignments will be made until after to 12:30, and the work will be divided into two de- membership registration. partments. I : The work which relates to the pu- Special Concession on Admissions . pil. 2 : The work which relates to the teacher's In order to aid the plans of the Association and own powers, voice, musicianship, etc. In the after- to facilitate the studies of the exhibits to follow the noon the class will be divided into small groups, convention meetings, the authorities of the Exposi- according to grade, and the instruction of the morn- tion and of the Association have made an arrange- ing session is "rubbed in," tabulated and applied to ment whereby membership in the Association and individual requirements by special teachers, trained an admission coupon ticket providing for ten ad- by Mr. Tomlins . missions to the Exposition, to be used within fifteen The work to be done is of the greatest practical days of the date-stamp on same, may be purchased value to school teachers and differs radically from for $5.00-the regular price of the admissions alone. that offered by any other method of music training. Since the main Bureau of Registration will be It grounds the teacher in the preparatory work in located within the grounds at the Town Hall, of the making ready classes for the monthly visit of the "Model City" it is further provided that these spe- supervisor. In addition to this it makes clear the cial admission coupons may be sold in advance with relation of music to life, co-ordinating it with the the N. E. A. membership certificate through the ordinary studies. office of the Secretary of the Association-or such Teachers who can avail themselves of this oppor- representatives as he may appoint . tunity should by all means embrace it, and, for the It is provided that the first admission coupon good of the community, should enlist their friends . (but no others) will be good for admission without The tuition for this five weeks of superexcellent signature or date- stamp, in order to enable the hol- musical study is $25. Full review of the course, der of an advance coupon ticket to use one coupon which is unusually broad and varied, cannot be for the first admission. The ticket should then be given here, but all who are interested should ad- presented at the Registration Bureau, with the cor- dress, for circulars and detailed information, Wm . responding membership certificate that it may be G. Smith, secretary Tomlins National Institute, 40 signed and dated before the second coupon is used. Randolph Street, Chicago. This is important since the gate keepers will be in- SPECIAL TRIP TO N. E. A. AND WORLD'S FAIR. structed to take up any ticket presented the second time without date stamp and signature. A special party will leave Chicago on the morn- These admission coupon tickets may be secured ing of Monday, June 27th, for St. Louis and the in advance at any time between April 25 and June N. E. A. Arrangements have been made to ас- 20 by remitting to Irwin Shepard, Secretary, N. E. commodate all comfortably who wish to go, either A., Winona, Minn., five dollars ($5.00) by Draft, in special train or special car. Those going on Express or Postal Money Order, for which an N. Monday have the privilege of returning any time E. A. membership certificate for the St. Louis meet- before the first of September. ing and a ten-admission coupon ticket will be sent Visitors at the Fair who have returned to Chicago in return. speak in most enthusiastic terms of the Exposition The admission coupon tickets purchased in ad- and no one who is intending to take a vacation out- vance may be used on and after June 25, but must side the city should miss the opportunity of attend- be presented for signing and stamping before ing the N. E. A. and seeing the Exposition. June 30. Comfortable rooms may be obtained within walk- These special N. E. A. ten coupon admission ing distance of the fair ground and addresses will tickets are non-transferable, but if the advance pur- be furnished to applicants at this office. It is im- chaser is unable through sickness to attend the con- portant to register at once in order that proper vention, it may be returned, with a physician's cer- provisions may be made. tificate of disability, to Secretary Shepard, any time Tickets can be purchased now or at any later before July 1, and its full value will be refunded. time. It is advised that arrangements be made early No refund of N. E. A. membership will be made so as to avoid the crowd of the general public. since its value will be returned in a copy of the The Wabash train will start from the Dearborn annual Volume. station and the Alton from the Union Station at On and after June 25, but not later than June 30, 9 a. m. and will reach St. Louis at about 5:30 in the these ten admission coupon tickets may be pur- afternoon. The Wabash, Alton and Illinois Central chased at the time of membership registration in have made a special rate for Monday of $8.00 for St. Louis . the round trip, good for ten days, excluding the day Any holder of an N. E. A. membership certificate of going. Sixty day tickets are on sale for $10.00, ( St. Louis meeting) either active or associate, on good any day. which an N. E. A. admission coupon ticket has not CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION , Transportation Committee been issued, may purchase the latter on application and presentation of the membership certificate at N. E. A. Membership a Condition . the Registration Bureau in St. Louis, either at While advance assignments will be made without Music Hall (downtown) or at the Town Hall, on requiring presentation of N. E. A. membership the grounds, on the terms mentioned above, receiv- certificate, it is understood that each one who ap- ing full credit for the membership certificate 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION tice-an outrageous injustice. Would she recom- BULLETIN mend any of her friends to go to the normal school ? Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, Why, after two or three years of special train- Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, ing, a girl should be obliged to give four months December 23, 1901. of her time to a principal is one of the mysteries THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the of our school system. Dusting the office, catalogu- year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of April andDecember, by the Chicago Teachers' Federation. ing books, running errands, making out reports, are THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single copies, Five Cents. ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received necessary, but certainly not particularly valuable to by Tuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. a girl who might spend her time visiting schools ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to the order of the Federation Bulletin. or earning something to pay her board, or helping THE EDITOR , her mother. Formerly $ 20 a month was paid the 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO . Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. cadets. This paid their carfare or for shoe leather. But that was done away with. Is it any wonder girls prefer other professions ? PUBLIC SCHOOL CADETS . Chicago is an educational storm center. What If you want to know the reason for the scarcity we do and the way we do it is the guiding light of of teachers ask a normal graduate who has been innumerable teachers all over the country. See on the waiting list for two or maybe three years . what a vogue Mr. Speer and his methods had! She will tell you that she spent four years in high What other city can produce a man who upset school, three years in the normal and then gave things so generally, who set teachers thinking, who four months of her time, gratuitously, to some made over the whole method of teaching arith- school, perhaps so far from her home that 20 cents metic ! Yet experienced teachers avoid us. They a day for car fare was spent. She will tell you she read that salaries are determined by the attitude of was marked by the principal who perhaps never the board toward us rather than by the revenues at came near the room she was struggling with, or, if its command ; that we are secretly marked and that he did, it was only to find fault; perhaps the prin- no one, no matter how anxious to prop herself up, cipal for whom she was doing all sorts of work ex- may know whether she has failed in her appear- cept teaching may have so completely forgotten her ance, social qualities, discipline or instruction, each existence that he neglected to send her standing to of which is a factor in our success ; that one teach- be placed upon the list-the list, mind you, from er and maybe others lost her position because she which she is to be appointed. refused to allow an indecent pupil to re-enter her One cadet will tell you that never would she room; that merit cuts no figure (they are not quite advise any girl to go to the normal school. She sure Mr. Cooley has done away with pull) ; that was assigned to a school with another cadet whose examinations determine an increase in salary, but father had a standing in the neighborhood, which may be taken only by those who come up to the fact made the principal favor her when there was principal's standard, and no two principals have the any paid work to be done. All the substituting was same standard. These things which they read given her, although she taught night school and frighten them and so they keep away. so had an assured income of $40. The teachers in All the good to be said of our schools and there is much-cannot counterbalance the bad. the school did what they could to urge the timid one to speak for herself where it would do the most Chicago, June II . Olive I. Cary. good, but after spending seven years preparing to IN MEMORIAM . teach she would not consider for a moment doing Mrs. Mary J. Nealis, a teacher in the Montefiore or saying anything which might bring down upon her the calamity of losing favor with the superior School, died June 17, 1904, after more than twenty officers . She suffered in silence until after a weary years of efficient service. She was a faithful, earn- length of time some one took up her case and est teacher, and had done much for the upbuilding of the school. Principal and teachers mourn the loss brought it before Mr. Cooley, who saw, as he al- of a friend and most successful teacher. ways does, that she got justice. ۱ Another cadet was "left over"-that is, she was JOSH BILLING'S PHILOSOPHY. not assigned before the normal class was gradu- A fust-rate pun iz a literary mosaik ; and if a ated. There was but one-tenth difference between man iz lucky enuff to execute one, he ought to her mark and the mark of the last girl assigned. stop right thare. She ranked fifty-third when the graduating class It iz no viktory to convince a phool. had entered the list. Had she not reason to de- The man who kan't learn ennything from his failures iz past all hope. plore the time she spent in learning to teach when Men ov the greatest genius hav the most sim- such an injustice was done her? It was an injus- plisity and reverence. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN.T 5 TO THE OFFICERS AND DELEGATES OF We also endeavored to get some information up- THE C. F. OF L. on what is known as promotional examinations for teachers who have taught seven years. The only At the last regular meeting of this body a resolu- reason given for them is to keep the teacher from tion was read in regard to the Board of Education going to seed-whatever that might be. holding examinations for college graduates, so that It seems that these promotional examinations are they might qualify and become teachers in our a kind of inducement for the teachers to try to out- do one another. The premium is $50 a pear. It is public schools. similar to the inducements offered by commercial A committee was appointed to look into this houses to employes and for which the employes re- matter and ascertain if through these examinations ceive a turkey at Christmas . our present teaching force would be impaired or If the object of these promotional examinations the present waiting list of cadets would suffer, or is to make the teacher efficient in all branches, then if the intention was to change the atmosphere and the result will not be beneficial, for Mr. Cooley ad- mits that a teacher confined to a certain grade can environment surrounding the child from that cre- get the best results, just as a person in any occupa- ated by the daughter of a workig man to that cre- tion doing one kind of work can do more, and better ated by a teacher who knows nothing of the struggle work than a person trying to accomplish everything. for existence now going on among the working Then the real object of these promotional examina- people. tions is known only to the School Board. We were told that this was also done to maintain the efficiency Your committee called upon Dr. Cooley, the su- of the teaching force. There are a great many perintendent of the schools, and stated the object of other things that should receive consideration but the mission. your committee only went into the matter referred We asked Mr. Cooley if the Board of Education to in the resolution, and we believe the Board of Education has done a great injustice to the girls of ordered this extraordinary proceeding of having Chicago who have studied for years and have passed examinations for certain persons, these persons all requirements and have been waiting for ap- having certain qualifications. Would these per- pointment for two or three years and now find that sons, if successful in the examination, take pre- preference will be given to outsiders, who will be cedence over Chicago girls who had graduated placed on the assignment list in four months. In regard to secret marking and the promotional exam- from the Chicago High and Normal schools and inations we have not been able to see the benefits were on the waiting list for positions as teachers for and can find only one reason for their existence and two years or longer ? that is to have absolute control over every action Mr. Cooley said the Board had ordered the ex- of teachers and cadets and to subjugate them so as to make them a cringing, servile lot of servants amination and that the applicants if successful who will willingly do the bidding of the principal would be eligible to positions after four months and or whoever is in power. This seems to be the would take precedence over those now waiting, but condition the Board of Education is striving to bring that all this was done to improve the efficiency of the about, and the teacher who has any individuality, teaching force, the progressive teacher, the teacher who thinks and who throws her whole energy into her work will We asked Mr. Cooley if there was any justice in be no more . If she tried to assert herself she is requiring a preparation which covered over ten ousted. If she has to work for a living and wants years from Chicago girls when persons educated to teach school she must bow her head in humble outside of Chicago could come in and by passing an submission to the whims, methods and conditions imposed upon her by the Board of Education . examination be placed on the assignment list in four months. We were told that this was done to All of this will have its effect upon the children. maintain the efficiency of the teachig force. When the children realize that the teacher must be In regard to a secret marking system which to servile and dare not assert personality, we will our minds works hardship to cadets and teachers . find the children influenced in the same way. They We were told that this system was in vogue for will be taught to submit; they will be given to un- many years, but was somewhat moderated by Mr. derstand that they have masters. All of this will Cooley so that its operation would not be all one tend to make the workers of the future a cringing, sided. submissive class . This secret marking system places the cadet and So it appears that the Board of Education has teacher almost absolutely at the mercy of the prin- another and a more cunning purpose than the one cipal. set up in the stereotyped answer "that all things are If the cadet or teacher does not do the bidding of done to maintain the efficiency of the teaching the principal the principal can give her a low mark force." and she has no recourse . Your committee would recommend that further There is a Board of Superintendents who revise investigation be made and in the meantime that the these marks, but it is easy to understand what will secretary of this body send a copy of the resolution become of the cadet or teacher who is reported as and of this report to the Labor press . "Not loyal. " Her connection with the school system Respectfully submitted. is of short duration and we were told that all this ED. NOCKLES, is done to maintain the efficiency of the teaching JOHN FITZPATRICK, force. A. MCCRACKEN . 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . The 5% Gold Bonds Offered to Investors by the National Self-Winding Clock Company HAVE FOR THEIR SECURITY A FIRST LIEN ON ALL THE ASSETS OF THE COMPANY, such as real estate , machinery , tools and patents , and ALL PROPERTY which may be acquired in the future . With each bond is given as a bonus, an equal amount of stock consisting of 9-10 Common Stock, and1-10 Preferred Stock. For each $100.00 invested there- fore, you will receive a $100.00 5% Gold Bond; $90.00 in Common Stock, and $10.00 in 6% Cumulative Preferred Stock . YOU CAN SUBSCRIBE NOW AND MAKE YOUR FIRST PAYMENT IN NOVEMBER . You will miss a great opportunity if you do not come into head- quarters and find out how you can make some money this summer . National Self- Winding Clock Co. Rooms 717-21 Unity Building, - 79 Dearborn Street, Telephone Central 5673 . CHICAGO & " THE ONLY WAY " ALTON " THE ONLY WAY " RAILWAY To theWorld's Fair= St. Louis Our World's Fair Guide and rate LOWEST quotations cost nothing Write for them to-day RATES GEO . J. CHARLTON General Passenger Agent Chicago & Alton Railway Chicago, Illinois ㅋㅋㅋ ALTOM Coorper ST . LOUIS 1 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 7 FEDERAL The First TRUST & SAVINGS National $2,000,000 CAPITAL BANK SURPLUS $500,000 A Banking, Savings and Trust Company business transacted. Bank We invite interviews or correspondence from individuals, firms or corporations contemplating making changes or opening new accounts . is now OFFICERS. DIRECTORS. located in its Thomas P. Phillips, President. E. H. Gary, Chairman, Charles Deering, Nathan G. Moore, W. J. Chalmers. new office , Vice President and Alfred H. Mulliken. Counsel. C. B. Shedd. Charles S. Castle, A. E. Musbaum. Cashier. T. P. Phillips. F. J. Scheidenhelm, Norman B. Ream. Asst. Cashier. Nathan G. Moore. 119 Edwin L. Wagner, Asst. Cashier. Irving J. Shuart, E. J. Buffington. D. W. Burrows. W. E. Phillips. Secretary. J. N. Vance. Monroe St. N. E. Cor. La Salle and Adams Streets. LOANS TO TEACHERS By a Teacher AT LIVE AND LET LIVE LOW RATES "Latch-string Will Be Out During Vacation." L. A. care FEDERATION BULLETIN, 437 UNITY BUILDING. Important IF I CAN SUCCEED Teachers' Excursion in making clear to you what is meant by LOANS BY CORRESPONDENCE you will never borrow on any ROUND TRIP other plan. Address E. B., Federation Bulletin, 437 Unity Bldg. By permission Igive this paperas my reference. N. E. A., ST. LOUIS, 10-day limit, $8.00 IT WILL PAY YOU DENVER, COLO. , Limit Oct. 31, $30.00 To get any extra money you may need this summer from me. My rates are very reasonable to teachers. All arrangements may be made by correspondence. Strictly confidential. SALT LAKE CITY,Limit Oct. 31 , $43.00 Address. E. A. B. , THE FEDERATION BULLETIN. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, Limit Cct. 31 , $65.00 Only the deaf and dumb Coach Excursion St. Louls and Return June 28th & 30th, $6.00 Leave Chicago, via Alton Ry., June 27. fail to appreciate the Leave St. Louis, via Alton Ry. , July 5. Leave Kansas City, via Union Pacific Ry., July 6. TELEPHONE Leave Denver, via Rio Crande Ry., July 9. Leave Salt Lake City, via Oregon Short Line Ry., July 12. now- a- days . Leave Monida for 7 days' ride through Yellowstone Park, July13. Return via Oregon Short Line Ry. and Union Pacific Ry. to Omaha, and C. & N.-W. Ry. to Chicago. Business Residence& 5 Cents and per day up . For further information and tickest see CHICAGO TELEPHONE CO . ALTON RY., No. 101 Adams Street, Orwrite 203 Washington Street. R. HENRY ALLEN, 309 N. Pine Ave., Chloago. 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. " FOLLOW THE FLAG . " WORLD'S FAIR EXCURSION RATES THE WABASH H B AS W WA A B A S MABAR ‫مياله‬ WORLD'S FAIR MAIN ENTRANCE DISTANCE 200 FEET ROUND triP Seven Day Coach Excursions $6 FROM CHICAGO June 14 , 16 , 21 , 23 , 28 and 30 $6 June 27 , $ 8.00 Round Trip, Limit 10 Days . OTHER RATES: $$12, 10, Round Round Trip; Trip; good good 60devs. till Dec. 15. The Only Line That Lands Passengers and Baggage at world's Fair Main ENTRANCE. Write us a postal and let us keep you postel as to special Ticket Office: 97 Adams Street. Phone: Har. 4500, Line 37. rates and spiciatdays in connection with the Far . THE Let us help you save NORTH AMERICAN 1. We give you the free use of REVIEW : a handsome nickel - plated We steel savings bank. keep the key. HE most notable literary event of the 2. We are open Monday even- THE year 1904 will be the serial publi ings 5:30 to 8, besides usual cation in THE NORTH AMERICAN hours. REVIEW of a new novel, "The Son of Royal Langbrith," by William Dean 3. We pay 3% interest, com- Howells,beginningintheJanuarynumber : pounded twice a year. 4. We invite small deposits. 50 cents a copy; $5.00 ayear Royal Trust Company Bank, Royal Insurance Building, The North American Review, 169 Jackson Boulevard, A State Bank. Established 1891. FRANKLIN SQUARE, N. Y. Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin TRADES L COUNCL 100 Vol. 3. CHICAGO , SEPTEMBER 9, 1904. No. 30. TEACHERS WIN SUIT. tion of salaries for said months in 1900, by the resolution of February 28th, 1900, depends the question as to whether or not the Board of Education owes the defendant teachers JUDGE DUNNE'S DECISION . any salary for the months of January to June, 1900. It is admitted by both parties that the teachers were (Full text of decision printed below. ) paid the salaries as reduced for these months in 1900. State of Illinois, County of Cook, ss. It is contended by the complainant and the defendant In the Circuit Court of Cook County, at the August teachers that year after year for many years down to and Term, A. D. 1904. including the school year commencing September, 1899, Catherine Goggin vs. The City of Chicago, et al. In Chancery. and ending June, 1900, they were employed by the Board of Education at meetings of the Board held in June of each Decision Rendered by Judge Dunne in the Above En- year for the school year commencing September of that titled Cause , August 22, A. D. 1904 . year and ending June of the following year. This is ad- mitted by the Board of Education. The Court : In the case of Catherine Goggin versus the It is further claimed by the complainant and the de- Board of Education, are all the parties present ? fendant teachers that at the time of their annual election Mr. F. S. Wilson : I represent Mr. Darrow's office. in June of each year their salaries for the ensuing school Mr. Greenacre was present. year had already been fixed for the entire school year by The Court : You are all represented here. That is all action of the Board of Education taken prior to the June I care for now. election, generally in the spring of the year when the In view of the industry of counsel in this case and the Board made up its financial budget, and by the establish- importance of the case itself, I have taken the trouble to ment by the Board of a schedule of salaries which from prepare a written opinion, which I will read. time to time is referred to in the proceedings of the Board. Complainant in the suit at bar has filed a bill as a citi- This latter contention is disputed by the Board of Edu- zen and taxpayer, praying that the defendant Board of cation, which claims that the salaries of the teachers Education be enjoined from using certain moneys now were invariably fixed by the Board in the spring of each under its control for any purpose other than the payment year for the then current fiscal year commencing January of certain salaries which complainant contends are owing to Ist and ending December 31st, and that the practice of the the defendant teachers for the year 1900, for the payment Board was to fix salaries, not for the school year, com- of which salaries she contends the money in question has mencing September and ending in June of each year, but already been appropriated. for the fiscal and calendar year, commencing the January To sustain her bill she must prove- before the Board took action upon salaries. First: That the Board of Education is indebted to the The proceedings of the Board contained in the official defendant teachers, and records, which are most voluminous, must be examined to ascertain which contention is correct. Board's Contention . Unfortunately, the language used in the proceedings of Second: That the money in question has been appro- the Board is not always explicit and unequivocal. It is priated to pay these debts. clear, however, on certain points. The fiscal and calendar It is contended most vigorously by the defendant Board years are co-terminous. The school year commences in of Education that it is not indebted to the defendant September and ends on the succeeding June. teachers for unpaid salaries for the year 1900, the indebt- The teachers were always hired in June and for the edness alleged in the bill. school year then next ensuing. The salaries were always , The determination of this question entails upon the with probably one exception, fixed annually by definite Court a careful consideration of acts and doings of the resolutions or by reference to a fixed schedule before Board of Education during the year 1900, and many pre- June of each year, and generally in the spring of the vious years. year. On the part of the Board it is contended that the salaries The question left in some doubt by the vague phrase- of the teachers for the months in dispute, January to June, ology of the Board is as to whether the salaries estab- inclusive, 1900, were fixed by the Board on February 28th, lished in the spring of each year were to apply to the cur- 1900. rent fiscal and calendar year, part of which had expired. By resolution passed on that day, teachers who had or to the ensuing school year commencing on the follow- taught more than seven years in the public schools were ing June. ordered to be paid for the months of January to June, Teachers' Have Contract for School Year. inclusive, 1900, $7.50 less per month than they had been paid from September to December, inclusive, 1899. After a deliberate and, taking into consideration the Upon the validity or invalidity of this attempted reduc- very voluminous records of the Board, a careful examina 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . tion into the same, the Court has reached the conclusion and calendar year commencing January 1st, 1896. The that, the Board in fixing salaries in the spring of the Board, by their action, on June 26th, 1895, undoubtedly year fixed them for the school year next ensuing, and intended their language, "ensuing year," to apply to the that the Board, when it elected the teachers each year ensuing school year commencing September, 1895, and in June, and the teachers when they were elected, both ending June, 1896. had in contemplation a hiring for the ten-month school While discussing the action of the Board in this, my at- year at a definitely fixed salary for said ten-month school tention has been called to the proceedings of June 26, as year. contained in the record, in which the Board uses this lan- This conclusion has been reached: guage: "A report of the committee recommending that First: Because of intrinsic evidence thereof in the there be no changes in the officers and teachers in all the proceedings of the Board, taken in their entirety, and schools for the year 1895-1896, except as called for by the Second: Because of the unusual and unfair character regular routine, is as follows." There is the first place I of the contract of employment contended for by the find in the proceedings a reference to the hyphenated Board of Education. school year and which can only mean school year. As to the intrinsic evidence contained in the proceed- On January 22d, 1896, the Board passed a resolution ings of the Board : providing that, " The schedule of salaries of teachers and On April 29th, 1891, the Board adopted a "schedule school employes with the regular additions provided by the of salaries " for the "year 1891 " . This is the first record I plan of 1895, together with the grouping and plan for ad- find of a schedule, and in adopting it the Board makes vancement in salaries of teachers thus recommended, be no mention of either "fiscal" or " school" year. and the same is hereby adopted for the year 1896." In the nature of things it could hardly be understood to By this resolution the Board undoubtedly intended to apply to the then current fiscal year, for the reason that cover the school year commencing September, 1896, and four months of the fiscal year had then elapsed, and the ending June, 1897; for again in the spring of 1897, they teachers had earned and probably been paid four months' failed to take any action with reference to salaries. The salary independent of the figures in said schedule. first action taken upon salaries is in June. Moreover, the schedule speaks of "year of service," On June 30th, 1897, a report of the committee recom- evidently referring to the ten-months school year. mended that the schedule of salaries for grade teachers On May 31st, 1892, a similar schedule is again adopted and substitutes which was in force last year be adopted with a provision that " all changes in salary to take place for the year 1897-98, again using the hyphenated year, at the commencement of the school month succeeding the which can only mean the school year. expiration of the year's service." Herę in the schedule Again, if the contention of the Board is correct, that itself is a recognition of the school month and school year . they each year fixed salaries for the current fiscal year, On March 9th, 1893, under the title, "Extracts from where can the Board, upon its proceedings, find warrant Proceedings of Board," I find a caption, " Schedule of for the payment of school teachers ' salaries for the Salaries for the Fiscal Year 1893," but in the proceedings months of January to June, inclusive, 1897 ? themselves I find no reference to a "fiscal" year, but do Adopting the schedule of June 30th, 1897, for the "year find "The following is the schedule of salaries so far as 1897-98," can mean only one thing-adoption for the acted upon, adopted by the above note." "Here follows school year commencing September, 1897, and ending the schedule substantially in the same form as schedules June, 1898. The hyphenated title, "year 1897-98" can adopted in previous years." In the previous years I find apply to nothing else. no reference to "fiscal" year. The action of the Board on this occasion in first using On April 11th, 1894, a committee reported to the Board the hyphenated title of the year is doubly significant, in on salaries for the fiscal year 1894, but the report as adopt- view of the fact that they had then before them a petition ed and passed contains the same language contained in from the grade teachers, presented June 16, 1897, in the schedules of 1892 and 1893, to-wit : "All changes in salary to take place at the commencement of the school which they declare, " This being the time for the annual * * * * adjustment of salaries, we deem the moment month succeeding the expiration of the year's service." That the schedule was intended to apply to the school opportune for the grade teacher to ask commensurate in- crease in her salary." year is further shown by the act of the Board in taking This communication clearly shows the teachers' under- no action in relation to fixing salaries in the spring of the vear 1895. standing as to when salaries went into force, and in re- sponse the Board fixes the schedule for the year 1897-98 . No action was taken that year with reference to the The next action of the Board relating to a salary fiving of salaries until June 26, 1805. when the Board schedule was on March 9, 1898. At that time, as we have elected teachers and fixed their salaries for "the ensuing seen, the salaries of the teachers have been fixed up to year." If the contention of the Board of Education is cor- and including June, 1898. Such being the situation, the rect, that they fixed each spring or before June Board on March 9, 1898, adopted a resolution providing that "The present salary schedule remain in the salaries of the teachers for the fiscal year, and did SO in 1894, under what warrant, it may force," with the exception that certain additions to the then salaries "per annum" should be made until the maxi- be asked, did the Board pay out salaries to the teach- mum salary of one thousand dollars per annum should be ers from the month of January to June, 1805 ? They con- reached, this increase to take place January 1, 1898. tend that the action of April 11th, 1894, only covered the fiscal year 1804. The action of June 25, 1895, provides for, This, in other words, was a declaration that the "pres- not the fiscal year of 1895, not the current year, but the ent salary schedule," to- wit : The schedule of 1897-98, "ensuing" year. If the contention of the Board is correct, should remain in force, with certain additions of salary, there is no warrant in the records of the Board for the which additions were antedated to January 1, 1898. Davment of six months' salaries for the months of Janu- There being a pending contract then in force between ary to June. inclusive. 1805. the teachers and the Board, this resolution, so far as it The year "ensuing" upon June 26th, 1895, was the raised salaries before June, 1898, was a pure gratuity school year commencing September, 1895, or the fiscal which the teachers might or might not accept, Doubtless, CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 3 as it was materially to their advantage they accepted the the conclusion that in each and all of these years the same. Board of Education fixed the teachers' salaries for the That it was the plain intention of the Board on March 9, ensuing school year by resolution prior to their election 1898, to have the new schedule apply to the school year in June of each year. 1898-99, while making it retroactive to January 1, 1898, is This conclusion, moreover, is more in accord with rea- shown by the action of the Board on September 21, 1898, son, probability, and common sense. when it adopted a report of the committee, "Recommend Teachers ' Contract Not One - Sided . ing that the schedule of teachers' salaries for the year 1897-98, as amended, be adopted for the year 1898-99." The contention of counsel for the Board of Education This last resolution fixes the salary schedule down to is that each year the Board employed thousands of intelli- and including the month of June, 1899, by using the gent men and women for ten months at a time, when hyphenated title, "year 1898-99 ." their salaries were fixed for only four months, and that On January 11, 1899, the Board, knowing that the reso- at the expiration of said four months the employing board lution of the preceding September had fixed the teach- had the right to compel the teachers to work for the re- ers' salaries up to and including the succeeding June, maining six months for any salary that the Board might passed a resolution mentioning the " regular schedule, " re- arbitrarily offer them, and that these thousands of intelli- citing financial stringency and providing that "no salary gent men and women accepted employment upon these in excess of that paid in December, 1898, be paid to any remarkable and one-sided terms . individual during the year 1899'," and shortening the The facts must be unmistakably clear to warrant a "school year for 1899." What year was meant by the Court of Equity in sustaining such a contention and this "year 1899" ? And the " school year for 1899" ? Court cannot find the facts that would enable it to sustain Plainly, the school year. The Board was aware that sal- the contention. aries from January to June, inclusive, had been fixed by The Board of Education being indebted to the teachers their resolution of the preceding September, and that it for the sum of $7.50 each for each month from January could not change the same to the disadvantage of the to June, inclusive, 1900, let us now consider whether or teachers . The very use of the expression, " School year not there was an appropriation made by the City Council for 1899," while inaccurate and self-contradictory, indi- to pay these debts . cates what the school board intended. An illegal and ineffectual effort, as we have seen, Accurately speaking, the school year, any portion of had been made by the Board of Education to reduce the which ran into the calendar year 1899, should be described salaries of the teachers by the resolution of the Board as the school year 1898-99, or the school year 1899-1900. passed in February, 1900. Neither expression is used, although the use of the That the effort had been made was notorious to the words, " school year," plainly indicates that the framer of whole community, and must have been known to the City the resolution was considering the school year. Council when it came to pass its appropriation ordinance In the previous spring, only four months previous, the and tax levy ordinance. Board had provided for the salaries of " 1898-99." The Power of City Council. only other " school year 1899" was manifestly the school year 1899-1900. It was constructively known to the Council by the If the resolution of September 21, 1898, fixed the public records of the Board of Education, a department of salaries of the teachers up to and including June, 1899, the city government. the resolution could consistently only apply to the follow- Whether the effort to reduce the salaries was legal or ing school year. If it was intended to apply to the pre- illegal, the City Council, which was the body legally ceding year, it was plainly invalid in so far as it authorized to make appropriations and tax levies for the attempted to regulate the salaries for the preceding school payment of educational liabilities, seemed determined that year, which had been determined by the action of the the claims of the teachers, who were then loudly pro- Board of March 9 and September 21, 1898. testing against the illegal reduction, should be paid. The Court is clearly of the opinion that the resolution On April 4, 1900, it passed its appropriation ordinance, of January II, 1899, was intended to and did fix the sal- and attached to the clause of the appropriation for edu- aries of the school teachers for the school year ending cational purposes the following remarkable and emphatic June 30, 1900. language : "A sufficient amount of this sum appropriated shall be expended in restoring the salaries of the experi- Cut Illegal. enced school teachers for 1900." Such being the situation, what was the legal effect of the Counsel for the Board of Education do not argue that resolution of February 28, 1900, the practical effect of this language is ambiguous or that its meaning is open which, as enforced by the Board, was to deduct from the to debate. teachers' salaries for the school year 1899-1900, $45.00 They attack this provision of the ordinance upon two each ? grounds only. It was plainly illegal and inoperative. First: That it is beyond the power of the City Coun- A valid contract made between the Board of Education cil to specify for what particular purpose any portion and the teachers by the resolution of January 11 , 1899, of the educational fund shall be used; and the election of the teachers in the following June, and the Secondly : That it is invalid because it does not fix a performance by the teachers of their work under the definite amount. contract, cannot be abrogated by the resolution or ipse These objections would seem to place counsel in the dixit of the Board in February, 1900, no matter what may position of arguing in the same breath that the ordinance have been the motives or necessities inspiring the reso- is illegal, first, because it is too specific, and secondly, lution. because it is not specific enough. The Court has in the foregoing sought to trace the The second objection, moreover, is answered by coun- proceedings of the Board from 1892 to 1900, to discover sel themselves when they declare in their written argu- the character of the contract entered into between the ment, which I now quote from : " The amount due (the Board of Education and the teachers, and has reached (Continued on page 5.) 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION ted without resistance to Judge Grosscup's decision must be guessed; they make no explanations themselves . BULLETIN Part of what Judge Grosscup graciously allowed the Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, authorities to be compelled by the courts of Illinois to Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, December 23, 1901. levy upon the tax-dodgers was duly collected and dis- tributed to the various boards according to their statutory THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the rights; and in this distribution $249,554 came to the School year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of April and December, by the Chicago Teachers' Federation. Board. It was charged, however, by the city coun- THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single copies, Five Cents. cil's appropriation, with the payment of the school ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received teachers' claims . If ever litigant was justly en- byTuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to titled to the proceeds of his suit, those defrauded teach- the order of the Federation Bulletin. ers were entitled out of this fund to their withheld sal- THE EDITOR , 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO . aries. But the School Board, which had done nothing with reference to these withheld taxes but to cut teachers' Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. salaries in consequence of the resulting deficit, but which in all good friendship to the tax-dodgers had done what JUDGE DUNNE'S DECISION . it could to obstruct the teachers in their organization and (Editorial from " The Public," Aug. 27.) litigation, proceeded calmly now to dispose of the fund in such a manner as to prevent the teachers' getting a The Chicago public school teachers' organization has penny of it for the withheld salaries for which they had won another legal battle in the fight against the corrupt- thus far so successfully fought. They thereupon applied to ing corporations and the hostile city authorities with whom the courts for an injunction, and after a full hearing their it has been struggling for four years. injunction was sustained on the 22d by Judge Edward F. Dunne. A salary scale for teachers had been fixed by the School Board, and under this scale the teachers were employed Judge Dunne holds that the bargain of the Board with for the school year ending in June, 1900. Here was a the teachers was not for the fiscal year, as the Board con- contract, but the School Board violated it by cutting down tended, but for the school year ; and consequently that the the teachers' salaries in the middle of the school year, cut in their salaries was a breach of contract. He decides giving as a reason that the school fund had proved in- this point upon the double ground of the intrinsic evidence adequate. in the records of the School Board's proceedings, and the "unusual and unfair" character of the contract contended Thereupon the teachers' organization decided to investi- for by the Board. Accordingly he decides that the teach- gate this inadequacy. They found that there was indeed a ers have a preferred claim, analogous to that or the "dili- deficit in the school fund, but instead of letting the mat- gent creditor" of the law books, upon the school fund ter end there, as the School Board-either corruptly or which they pursued and secured from the tax-dodging inefficiently-had done, the teachers made an inquiry into corporations. Incidentally in his opinion Judge Dunne the cause of the deficit. They were not long in discovering administers to the School Board and other derelict offi- that it was due to tax-dodging, and that the big tax- cials having duties in the matter, an exceedingly well- dodgers were the franchise corporations-traction, gas , merited rebuke, which we quote in full in our news report . telephone, electric light, etc. Then the teachers did what The case will be carried to the Supreme Court of the the School Board ought to have done. They took legal State, but the teachers' equities are too plain to admit of proceedings to compel these corporations to pay their taxes. any reasonable fear of a reversal of Judge Dunne's emi- nently fair decision. Whatever the result of the litigation, In that work of good citizenship the teachers were not however, the necessity is revealed for abolishing the pres- only not supported by the School Board and the Chicago ent appointive School Board. The people of Chicago have already demanded an elective board, and the sooner their taxing authorities, but were obstructed at every possible demand is complied with the better. turn by the very authorities whose public duty it was to THE TEACHER'S VICTORY. do themselves what the teachers' organization was trying to do. The authorities and the tax-dodging corporations Although Judge Dunne's decision in favor of the peti- were united as one man to oppose the teachers' fight. tioning school teachers is not likely to be final the gen- eral public will be glad that it is favorable to the petition- But Judge Thompson, of Springfield, by whom the case ers. The average citizen's sympathy has been with the was first decided, sustained the teachers. Teachers' Federation, which, he felt, had fairly earned for the teachers the appropriation made from funds actually Still the teachers got no support from the School Board saved to the city by the Federation's zeal and practical activity. and other officials. They were obliged to carry on the Furthermore, as pointed out by the chancellor, the posi- fight themselves to the end, the influence of the authori- tion of the Board of Education was plainly obnoxious to ties and of the self-advertised "best citizens" generally be- equity. Few will doubt that both Board and teachers ing thrown on the side of the tax-dodging corporations. had in contemplation when they contracted for service the school term and not the fiscal year. The Board has But greatly to the consternation of these elements, the power to contract for a period longer than the fiscal year. teachers were successful to the end. The taxing authori- The necessities and conveniences of the situation required ties were compelled by the courts-not permitted, but service by the teachers from September, the beginning of compelled to levy some $2,000,000 on the corporate tax- the school year, to July, its close. It is exceedingly im- probable that either party had any thought of the fiscal dodgers for the year 1900. Then the convenient Federal year or any other term than the term of service expected. judge, Grosscup, being called into the case by the tax- Thus the decision commends itself to common sense as dodgers, granted a temporary injunction restraining the well as to law and equity, and is likely to prevail in case collection of more than half of this tax. The local author- of appeal . The Teachers' Federation has won a well-de- ities have done nothing further and only about $600,000 of served success, and the public will be glad that the profit thereof is to go to an already underpaid public service.- the $2,000,000 has been collected. Why they have submit- Editorial, Chicago Evening Post, Aug. 28. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 5 teachers) each month would necessarily vary according to the city to their teachers, thus giving them an equitable the number of resignations and according to the actual lien upon this fund for the satisfaction of their claims. service of each teacher. 'The sufficient amount' Teachers Diligent Creditors . could not be ascertained by any computation at the time the ordinance was passed." Quotation from counsel for Their equitable lien thus secured is further fortified Board of Education's written argument. and enforced upon the conscience of a Court of Chancery Let us see if there is any force in the first objection. by the fact that the complainant in this case acting for and Section 2, Art. VII. of the Cities and Villages Act on behalf of these 2,300 teachers whose wages have been provides, " The City Council of cities shall withheld by the defendant has enforced as a result of long each fiscal year pass an ordinance protracted, expensive and laborious litigation, the payment in which such corporate authorities may appropriate such into the public treasury, by tax-avoiding, quasi-public cor- sums of money as may be deemed necessary to defray all porations of the very fund now in controversy, moneys necessary expenses and liabilities of such corporation, which honestly belonged to the sacred school fund of this and in such ordinance shall specify the objects community and which, with the connivance of the sworn and purposes for which such appropriations are made and officers of the law, charged with the collection of the the amount appropriated for each object or purpose." same, were being dishonestly withheld by these corpora- The terms of this act have recently been passed upon by tions. While the defendant, the Board of Education, sat our Supreme Court in the cases of- supinely by, and while other public officials, more espe- Koelling v. The People, 196 Ill. , and cially charged with the levy and collection of these taxes, Otes v. The People, 196 111 . refused to perform their sworn duty, this complainant, Counsel for the Board of Education have cited these acting for and on behalf of these same teachers, out of cases in support of the contention that the action of the their own limited resources, went out and performed City Council in specifying what any portion of the fund the duties which, primarily, devolved upon the tax-levying appropriated for educational purposes should be used for bodies of the state, and secondarily, upon the Board of Ed- was ultra vires and beyond the power or authority of the ucation, to see that the tax-levying officers of the state Council. collected the taxes honestly belonging to the schools of This Court can find no support for this contention in the city, and brought about the payment of these dishon- these cases. estly withheld taxes. In other words, they were what a They were proceedings taken by taxpayers seeking to Court of Equity denominates "dilligent creditors." They avoid payment of taxes levied for educational purposes, unearthed and succeeded in having paid into the public on the ground, not that the Council had exceeded its treasury funds upon which, by the action of the City authority in levying taxes for specific purposes, but on the Council, they had an equitable lien, and by so doing have ground that the Council had not been specific enough in in a Court of Chancery fortified themselves in the position specially designating all the particular purposes for which that they have a right to be paid their debts out of the the fund was to be expended. fund so unearthed and produced.. In disposing of this point, the Supreme Court merely To Avoid Individual Suits at Law . declares that the City Council had complied with the law in appropriating part of the school fund to "building pur- It is urged, however, by counsel for the Board of Edu- poses" and part of it to "educational purposes." The cation that the complainant has no standing in a Court Court simply holds that as against a complaining tax- of Equity in seeking to restrain the diversion of this fund payer the Council was not required to specify each par- or to enforce the payment of the same in satisfaction ticular item for which the " educational fund" and the of the defendant teachers' claims because they have not "building fund" should be used. reduced their claims to judgment or exhausted their rem- This falls far short of declaring that the Council had edies at common law. not the power so to do if it so elected. One of the grounds upon which equitable relief is Counsel have cited no authority which holds that the sought in this case is to avoid a multiplicity of suits at City Council has no such power, and in the absence of any common law. The interests of some 2,300 teachers are such holding, this Court is clearly of the opinion that the involved. If this position of counsel for the Board of Council has such power. It is the only body designated Education is sound, some 2,300 suits in assumpsit would by law as having the right to make up the financial have to be commenced against the city, and upon obtain- budget for school expenditures, to make appropriations ing judgments against the city, as no execution could issue for the same and to levy taxes therefor. against the city, 2,300 petitions for mandamus would In performing the legal duty it must necessarily pass necessarily have to follow. Such a situation is alone suffi- upon each item of proposed expenditure and approve or cient to invoke the interposition of a Court of Chancery. reject each item and then make a sum total of the ap- The avoidance of a multiplicity of law suits is one of the proved items. commonest grounds for an appeal to a Court of Equity. If it has the power to pass upon each item, each appropriation for that particular must be expended by its Signing Pay Roll. creature and subordinate, the Board of Education, if It remains to consider the last contention of counsel expended at all, for that particular item, and it must have for the Board of Education, to-wit, that the defendant the undoubted right, either by direction given in the body teachers have given receipts in full, or at least signed of the appropriation ordinance, as contained in the ordi- documents which it is contended amount to an accord nance under consideration, or by resolution or legal and satisfaction of their claims . proceedings taken afterwards, to see that the fund appro- The record does not show that the defendant teachers priated for a particular purpose is not used for any other signed receipts in full. They have signed pay rolls which purpose. in words and figures are as follows : Council Appropriation for Cut Upheld. "To Lewis E. Larson, Secretary : That is what the City Council did in this case. It "Pay to the several teachers named below the amounts directed specifically that the Board of Education should set opposite their respective names the same to be in full use a sufficient part of this fund to pay the liabilities of compensation for services rendered in the above named 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . school for the four weeks ending it was sent in full and accepted in full, that in that case Aggregate the person accepting the check cannot make claim to the "Signed President. balance which he contends is still due him. All of these Secretary." authorities are not pertinent to the issues involved in this Under which words appear six columns headed : case, for the reason that there is no receipt in full in this (1) Names of teachers. (2) Number of warrant. (3 ) case. Salary earned. (4) Pension. (5) Balance due, and (6) Closing School One Week. "Received the amounts set opposite our respective names ." The language contained in the pay roll which is signed The claim of the petitioner that the defendant teachers by the President and Secretary, it will be noticed, is not should be paid out of the fund in question for one week's addressed to the teachers, but is a letter or order given wages in September, 1900, is without equity. The Board by the President and Secretary of the Board to its finan- of Education had an undoubted right in February, 1900, cial clerk or secretary . In this order to the clerk of the before the teachers were employed in June of that year Board is a statement that the amounts are in full com- to fix the length of the teaching school year of 1900-1901, pensation, but this order is not signed by the teachers but and to fix it at 39 weeks ; and as the resolution reducing by the President and Secretary of the Board. The col- the school year to 39 weeks on its face shows that the re- umns ruled thereunder, probably for the convenience of duction was made to save the cost of operating the schools the financial officer or clerk of the Board, save one, are not for that school year, the teachers when they accepted signed by the teachers. One column is signed by the their appointments did so with full notice that they were teachers, and this column reads, " Received the amounts employed to teach for only 39 weeks, at a proportionately set opposite our respective names." This is the only reduced salary. receipt signed by the teachers. They have not even Injunction Granted . O. K.'d or certified in any way to the correctness of the amounts in the columns marked, " Salary earned," "Bal- The prayer of the petition, restraining the Board of ance due. " They have simply receipted for the "Amounts Education from using the funds described in the bill set opposite" their names. to an amount sufficient to pay the defendant-teachers the The Board may have intended to have their secretary balance due them for the salaries of January to June, in- take receipts in full, and the teachers may have known clusive, 1900, on the same basis that they were paid in and probably did know that the Board was claiming that December, 1899, for any purpose other than paying the the payments were in full, but certainly the pay rolls do same to the defendant-teachers and praying that the same not show a receipt in full . be paid to the defendant-teachers is granted and it is so ordered. But it is claimed by counsel for the Board of Education I. T. Greenacre, C. S. Darrow and Assistant Attorney- that the signing of pay rolls, if not receipts in full, is evi- dence of an accord and satisfaction. General E. S. Smith, Attorneys for Complainant. Herrick, Allen, Boyesen and Martin, James Maher and An accord and satisfaction is had only when the minds Angus R. Shannon, for Board of Education. of the parties meet, a settlement is made and both parties by their acts and conduct declare themselves satisfied. Edgar B. Tolman, for City of Chicago. There is no such evidence in this record. John C. Richberg, for City Treasurer. Hermanns De Boer, for 2,300 Defendant Teachers. Teachers Did Protest. After the passage by the Board of Education of the reso- The regular meeting of the Chicago Teachers' Federa- lution of February, 1900, there was much dissatisfaction tion will be held at Handel Hall, Saturday, Sept. 17, at 10:30 a. m. among the teachers, many of them signing the pay roll FLORENCE E. TENNERRY, with words of protest. On the very day that the report Cor. Secretary . of the committee of school management, recommending 194 Oakwood, Blvd. the reduction of the salaries, was presented to and adopt- ed by the Board, the Teachers' Federation, through its JOSH BILLING'S PHILOSOPHY. secretary, Helen B. Eastman, presented to the Board a written "Protest against the reduction of the teachers' The road to ruin iz down hill, and allwuss Mc- Adamized at that. salaries. " After the filing of this protest the teachers and the Board never met through committees or otherwise for Thare iz no room in a small hed for ennything else but cunning. the purpose of having an accord and satisfaction. The Board, after the protest was presented, simply passed I have seen men so lazy that they would tire the the resolution of February 28, 1900, and thereafter through tools all out that they workt with. the principals of the different schools presented to the Pashun nutralizes both strength and reason. teachers the pay rolls upon which the teachers receipted True liberty iz the result ov judishus restraint. for the "Amounts set opposite to their names," and de- Envy and avarice kan't be satisfied ; after they livered to them checks for the reduced amounts which have et up everything else, they will commence feeding on themselfs . did not bear upon their faces any evidence that they were paid or receipted for in full. Such conduct of the parties Truth doesn't alter nor gro old ; two and two in the judgment of this Court falls far short of an accord made four when Adam waz a boy, and they amount and satisfaction. to the same to-day. I might here say that counsel for the Board of Educa- tion have submitted a very voluminous brief in which they cite cases, but the authorities in each case claim upon IF I CAN SUCCEED an amount taken and settlement, and that that debars them in making clear to you what is meant by LOANS BY from proceeding for the money, from enforcing the col- CORRESPONDENCE you will never borrow on any lection of the unliquidated claim. They have also cited a other plan. Address E. B., Federation Bulletin, 437 Unity Bldg. number of cases that where the claim was liquidated, By permission Igive this paper as my reference. where a check was sent and on its face bears note that CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 7 UNIVERSITY LECTURE ASSOCIATION IN CO - OPERATION WITH THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO The lecture course announced by the University Lecture Association for the ensuing year are given below. Attention is calledto the change of evening in the North and the South Side centers and to the new location of the South Side center. NORTH SIDE CENTER-Monday evenings. Linco'n Park Congregational church. 707 Fullerton Boulevard. October 3rd-November 7th: "Great Novelists of the Nineteenth Century," six lectures by J. G. Carter Troop, A. M. , Assistant Professor of English Literature. November 14th- December 19th: "History and Civilization of Egypt," six lectures by James Henry Breasted, Ph. D. , Associate Professor of Egyptol v. ( Illustrated with many stereopticon views ) January9 bruary 13th: " Other Worlds Than Ours," six lectures by Forest Ray Moulton, Ph. D. , Assistant Professor of Astronomy. (111 withtereopticon views.) February 20 March 27th: "European Capitals and Their Social Significance," six lectures by Jerome H. Raymond, Ph . D., Associate Professor ofSociology. ( Illustrated with stereopticon views.) SOUTH SIDE CENTER-Tuesday evenings, Auditorium Lincoln Center, Oakwood Boulevard and Langley Avenue. (Until the completion of the hall, lectures will be givenin All Souls' Chapel, across the Boulevard.) October 4th-November 8th: "History and Civilization of Egypt," six lectures by James Henry Breasted, Ph. D., Associate Professor of Egyptology. (Illustrated with stereopticon views . ) November 15th-December 20th : " Our Natural Resources , Their Economic S'gnificance," six lectures by J. Paul Goode, Ph. D., Associate Pro- fessor of Geography. (Illustrated with stereopticon views a January 10th-February 14th: Studlesin Comic Literature," six lec tes by William Norman Guthrie, B. Litt., A. M. , Author and Lecturer in General Literature. February 21st March 28th: "European Capitals and Their Social Significance ." six lectures by Jerome B. Raymond. Ph. D., Associate Professor of Sociology. (Illustrated with stereopticon views. ) WEST SIDE CENTER- Thursday evenings, Auditorlum Lewis Institute, corner of Robey and Madison Streets . October 6th-November 10th: 'The Far East," six lectures by Toyokicht Iyena a, Ph. D. Associate Professorial Lecturer in Political Science . November 17th-December 22nd: " The Modern Novel ." six lectures by Richard Burton, Ph D., Professorial Lecturer in English Literature. January 5th February 9th: " The Spiritual Elementin Tragedy," Pt, II, six lectures by S. H. Clark, Ph. B., Associate Professor of Pub Speaking. February 16th March 3rd: " The Beginnings of Christianity," six lectures by Herbert L. Willett, Ph. D., Assistant Professor of Semitic Languages and Literature. March 30th-May 4th: " Art and Life," six lectures by Charles Zueblin, Ph. B. , D. B. , Professor of Sociology. ADMISSION TICKETS. Member hip card. admitting two persons to all lectures given by the Association in the academic year, 1904-5, and one person to the Open Lectures at the University, Summer quarter, 190 , ..$10 00 Fmily ticket (Associate Membership) good for twenty- four admissions in any combination to the lectures announced in the circular . 500 Package ticket, welve single admission tickets in package . 300 Course ticket, s x lectures 150 Single admission ticket. 35 Tickets may be secured at the lecture halls or of A. C. McClurg & Co. , 215 Wabash Ave. Information as to other lectures to be annou ced, and as to conditions upon which University Credit may be secured will be sent upon application to WALTER A. PAYNE , Secretary , 58th St. and Ellis Ave. Watch This Space! 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLEΤΙΝ . LARGE ANNUAL DIVIDENDS ON A FARM AND RANCH INVESTMENT. If you had one hundred dollars in a savings bank drawing 4% interest, and you found an investment that was absolutely as secure in every way as the bank, and would pay you dividends three or four times larger than the bank interest, would you not change at once ? We have the following investment to offer that we estimate will earn much larger dividends than the above statement : The Hacienda De Cor- rales Co., of Jiminez, State of Chihuahua, Mexico, owns a Farm and Ranch of 362,000 acres, 40,000 acres irrigated, having their own irrigation system. They are growers of corn, wheat, beans, cotton and alfalfa and breed- ers of cattle, horses, mules, goats, she , and hogs. This property was purchased by a number of Chicago business me. , and a company formed and incorporated for $1,000,000, divided into 1,000, - 000 shares with a par value of $1.00 per share. A limited amount of the Treasury Stock will be sold at 75 cents per share to make the necessary repairs and additions to place the property in first - class order. The following are extracts from letters from some of our stockholders : I made a trip to Mexico last October and investigated personally the property of The Hacienda De Corrales Co. After doing so, I purchased 30,000 shares of stock. W. L. WINNARD, M. D. , Warsaw, Ill. I consider your investment one of the best propositions ever offered to the public. WM. D. MARSH , Insurance, 171 La Salle St., Chicago. I have not seen the property of The Hacienda De Corrales Co. , but have purchased stock from my personal knowledge of the honesty and financial ability of its Treasurer, P. A. Montgomery. E. W. LYMAN, Insurance, 157 La Salle St., Chicago. The following are some of the officers and stockholders : Vice-President, J. H. FINLAY, Warsaw , III. References-Hill Dodge Banking Co., Warsaw, Ill.; Clay, Robinson & Co. , The Rookery, Chicago, Ill. Secretary and Treasurer, PALMER A. MONTGOMERY, Chicago, III. References-E. G. Keith, President Chicago Title & Trust Co., Chicago, Ill.; H. H. Hitchcock, Vice-President First National Bank, Chicago, Ill. STOCKHOLDERS. Wm. D. Marsh, Insurance, 171 La Salle St. , Chicago, Ill. F. D. Everett, Capitalist, Highland Park, Ill. J. D. Sheahan, Gen. Agt. Michigan Millers Mutual Fire Ins. Co., 189 La Salle St. , Chicago, Ill. Edson W. Lyman, of Moore, Janes, Lyman & Herrick, 159 La Salle St., Chicago, Ill. A booklet will be mailed on request fully describing the property. We are offering 100,000 shares of stock on a SPECIAL CLUB PLAN. We would like one responsible person in each community to present this plan for us. For particulars address MORGAN F. EDWARDS, Fiscal Agent, 1137 Unity Bldg . , CHICAGO , ILL . Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin TRADES OGOUNCE 100 Vol. 3. CHICAGO , SEPTEMBER 16, 1904. No. 31 . WHY TEACHERS SHOULD ORGANIZE . Modern educational thought has been dominated by the element of inspiration and the element of science, the former enthroning the child, displacing the subject matter BY MARGARET A. HALEY, of knowledge, as the center of educational theory ; the President National Federation of Teachers, Chicago . latter founded upon the faith in underlying laws of human development in harmony with which it is possible (Paper delivered before National Educational Association, to evolve a rational method of eliminating waste in the St. Louis, July 1, 1904.) educational process . The responsibility for changing existing conditions so as How far the educative influence of teaching under these to make it possible for the public school to do its work two motives tends to produce a teaching body capable of rests with the people, the whole people. Any attempt on the highest kind of organized activity it is not possible to the part of the public to evade or shift this responsibility determine. Neither is it possible not to perceive the har- must result in weakening the public sense of civic re- mony between the principles underlying a rational system sponsibility and the capacity for civic duty, besides further of teaching and those underlying the movement for freer isolating the public school from the people to the detri- expression and better conditions among teachers. ment of both. There is no possible conflict between the interest of the The sense of responsibility for the duties of citizenship child and the interest of the teacher, and nothing so tends in a democracy is necessarily weak in a people so lately to make this fact evident as the progress in the scientific freed from monarchical rule as are the American people, conception of educational method and administration. and who still retain in their educational, economic and po- For both the child and the teacher freedom is the condi- litical systems so much of their monarchical inheritance, tion of development. The atmosphere in which it is easiest with growing tendencies for retaining and developing the to teach is the atmosphere in which it is easiest to learn. essential weaknesses of that inheritance instead of over- The same things that are a burden to the teacher are a coming them. burden also to the child. The same things which restrict Practical experience in meeting the responsibilities of citi- her powers restrict his powers also. zenship directly, not in evading or shifting them, is the The element of danger in organization for self-protection prime need of the American people. However clever or is the predominance of the selfish motive. In the case of cleverly disguised the schemes for relieving the public teachers a natural check is placed upon this motive by the of these responsibilities by vicarious performance of them, necessity for professional organization. The closer the or however appropriate those schemes in amonarchy, they union between these two kinds of organization, the fuller have no place in a government of the people, by the people and more effective is the activity possible to each. and for the people, and such schemes must result in de- Freedom of activity directed by freed intelligence is the feating their object; for to the extent that they obtain ideal of democracy. they destroy in a people the capacity for self government. This ideal of democracy is slowly shaping our educa- If the American people cannot be made to realize and tional ideal, and making its realization the function of our meet their responsibility to the public school, no self-ap- educational agencies . pointed custodians of the public intelligence and conscience The public school is the organized means provided by can do it for them. Horace Mann, speaking of the de- the deliberate effort of the whole people to free intelligence pendence of the prosperity of the schools on the public at its source-and through freed intelligence to secure intelligence, said: "The people will sustain no better freedom of action. schools and have no better education than they personally Misdirected activity is proof that the educational see the need of; and therefore the people are to be agencies are not properly functioning. This may be be- informed and elevated as a preliminary step towards ele- cause these agencies have not freed intelligence, or it may vating the schools." be because the intelligence which they have freed is denied Sometimes in our impatience at the slowness with which free activity. the public moves in these matters we are tempted to dis- Misdirected political activity in lowering the demo- regard this wise counsel. cratic ideal reacts to lower the educational ideal. On the The methods as well as the objects of teachers' organiza- other hand, a false or incomplete educational ideal fails tions must be in harmony with the fundamental object of to free the intelligence necessary for the work of con- the public school in a democracy, namely, to preserve and de- structing a democracy out of our monarchical inheritance. velop the democratic ideal. It is not enough that this That the public school does not feel its responsibility in ideal be realized in the administration of the schools and the matter of political corruption, for instance, nor realize the methods of teaching; in all its relations to the public, the effect upon the schools of this corruption and the the public school must conform to this ideal. misdirected activity of which it is a symptom, is proof The character of teachers' organizations is two-fold. that the public school is not yet conscious of its own vital Organizations on professional lines existed before the function in a democracy. necessity became apparent for those for the improvement When Ida Tarbell and Lincoln Steffens in lightning of conditions. The necessity for both is becoming in- flashes disclosed to the American people indisputable facts creasingly evident, and the success of the one is de- concerning the business methods of our so-called "good pendent upon the success of the other. Unless the con- business men" and their relations to politics, they showed ditions for realizing educational ideals keep pace with a condition of affairs that must make every thoughtful the ideals themselves, the result in educational practice citizen stop and ask, "Whither are we going ?" How many is deterioration. To know the better way and be unable public school teachers, on reading these disclosures said to to follow it is unfavorable to a healthy development. To themselves, "We must take our share of the blame. The have freedom in the conditions without the incentive of public school, that great agency of the people for freeing the ideal is no less harmful. It is, therefore, opportune intelligence has failed to do its whole duty." The public that the occasion for organization in the newer sense, the school is not wholly to blame. There are other educational sense understood in the subject of this paper, should be agencies. There is the press, for instance. But the press coincident with the formulation of the most advanced edu- cational theory in a practical philosophy of pedagogy. does not belong to the people; it is a private enterprise. The schools do belong to the people, and they are free. 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . We teachers are responsible for existing conditions to necessary-is apparently very limited. But untilthe pub- the extent that the schools have not inspired true ideals lic school system is organized in such a way that every of democracy, or that we have not made the necessary teacher has some regular and representative way in which effort toward removing the conditions which make the he or she can register judgment upon matters of educa- realization of these ideals impossible. tional importance, with the assurance that this judgment We recognize anarchy in the act which takes the life will somehow affect the school system, the assertion that of the chief executive of a city, state or nation ; but there the present system is not, from the internal standpoint, is another kind of anarchy in our midst. democratic seems to be justified. Either we come here It is the anarchy which sends the railroad and corporation lobby to the upon some fixed and inherent limitation of the demo- legislatures and to the taxing bodies, yes, even to the cratic principle, or else we find in this fact an obvious dis- bench, and in whose hands these servants of the people crepancy between the conduct of the school and the con- are as wax and obey the command of the lobby and defy duet of social life-a discrepancy so great as to demand the law they were elected and sworn to uphold. This is. immediate and persistent effort at reform. " the anarchy we need to fear in America, and whose mean- A few days ago Professor George F. James, Dean of ing the public school teachers need to comprehend. Pedagogy of the State University of Minnesota, said to an audience of St. Paul teachers : It was indeed an invaluable public service which the teachers of Chicago rendered when they established in "One hundred thousand teachers will this year quit an the courts, and in the minds of the people, the fact that occupation which does not yield them a living wage. through the connivance of public officials five public util- Scores and hundreds of schools are this day closed in ity corporations are enabled to rob Chicago of ten mil- the most prosperous sections of this country because the lion dollars annually through the free gift to these cor- bare pittance offered will not attract teachers of any porations of the use of the public streets. Think what kind." that means; the second city in the Union compelled to Prof. James further maintained that school teachers pay to five corporations, her own creatures, an annual are not only underpaid, but that they are paid much less tribute of ten million dollars-more than the combined proportionately than they received eight years ago. cost of maintaining the public schools and the public It is necessary that the public understand the effect library-at the same time her Board of Education closing which teaching under these conditions is having upon the the schools, cutting the teachers' salaries, increasing the education of the children. number of children in each room and otherwise crippling In reacting unfavorably upon the public school, these the service for want of money. wrong conditions affect the child, the parent and the America's motto once was " Millions for defense, but teacher, but the teacher is so placed that she is the one not one cent for tribute." And we teachers may con- first to feel the disadvantage: she is held responsible tinue to teach that it is still our motto, but the children by the child, by the parent, by the authorities, by society, will learn in spite of our teaching that "Millions for and by herself because of her own ideals, for duties, in the tribute and not one cent for defense" is nearer the truth. performance of which she is continually hampered. The The significant thing in the tax crusade of the Chicago dissatisfaction and restlessness among teachers are due teachers was not the disclosing of these humiliating facts, to the growing consciousness that causes outside of them- nor the forcing of the corporations to return to the public selves and beyond their control are making their work treasury some of their stolen millions : it was that the more difficult. Some of these causes of irritation are public school, through the organized effort of the teachers, inherent in the school system. Such proceed from the was the agency which brought these conditions to the failure of the system on the educational and administra- attention of the public and showed how to apply the tive side to adapt itself to the growing ideals of educa- remedy. tion and the demand for rational methods of realizing Nowhere in the United States to-day does the public them. These inherent causes of trouble include the limi- tations of the teachers themselves and the failure of the school, as a branch of the public service, receive from the public either the moral or financial support needed to system either to remedy these deficiencies or to remove the deficient. enable it properly to perform its important function in the social organism. The conditions which are militating Where friction is minimized by enlightened supervision most strongly against efficient teaching and which exist- and administration the pressure of outside causes is less ing organizations of the kind under discussion here are keenly felt. But where the system is so administered directing their energies toward changing, briefly stated are that inherent weaknesses and outside causes combine and the following : reinforce each other to produce dissatisfaction, the double 1. Greatly increased cost of living, together with con- pressure increases the irritation and correspondingly has- stant demands for higher standards of scholarship and tens the time when sheer necessity itself impels the teach- professional attainments and culture to be met with prac- ers to seek a remedy or leave the profession. tically stationary and wholly inadequate teachers' salaries . The first and crudest form of expression that dissatis- 2. Insecurity of tenure of office and lack of provision faction with these conditions takes is the reaction against for old age. the nearest and most obvious cause of irritation-unsat- 3. Overwork in over-crowded school rooms exhaust- isfactory supervision and administration, which are later ing both mind and body . recognized as effects rather than causes . The last causes 4. And lastly, lack of recognition of the teacher as an to be assigned are the real ones, and only when every in- educator in the school system, due to the increased ten- dividual effort to better conditions has failed does the dency toward " factoryizing education," making the teacher thought of combined effort for mutual aid, in other words an automaton, a mere factory hand, whose duty it is to organized effort, suggest itself. carry out mechanically and unquestioningly the ideas and And yet organization is the method of all intelligently orders of those clothed with the authority of position directed effort. and who may or may not know the needs of the children Within the last decade in a few cities of the United or how to minister to them. States organization has been effected among those on The individuality of the teacher and her power of initi- whom devolves the responsibility of applying scientific ative are thus destroyed and the result is courses of study. principles to the actual work with children in the school regulations and equipment which the teachers have had room, the purpose of such organization being to secure no voice in selecting, which often have no relation to the conditions under which rational teaching may become children's needs and which prove a hindrance instead of possible. a help in teaching . Such organization is at once the effect and the cause Dr. John Dewey, University of Chicago, in the "Ele- of a broadening of the intelligence and the educational mentary School Teacher," December, 1903, says : outlook of the teachers, for to such organization they must "As to the teacher. If there is a single public school take not only a reading acquaintance with the best in system in the United States where there is official and educational theory and practice but a practical knowledge constitutional provision made for submitting questions of what constitutes scientific teaching. Nor is this all, of methods of discipline and teaching, and the questions though it may suffice for the professional equipment of of the curriculum, text books, etc., to the discussion of those whose duties are merely supervisory The class those actually engaged in the work of teaching, that fact room teachers in addition to this must have the ability has escaped my notice. Indeed, the opposite situation is and skill, given fair conditions, to do scientific teaching. so common that it seems, as a rule, to be absolutely taken More than this, they must know the conditions under for granted as the normal and final condition of affairs . which scientific teaching is possible, must know when The number of persons to whom any other course has and in what respects such conditions are lacking ; and occurred as desirable, or even possible-to say nothing of then most difficult of all, because it includes all these and : CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 3 much more, they must know how to reach the public trial field then the ideal of industrialism will be carried with accurate information concerning the conditions un- over into the school. Those two ideals can no more con- der which teaching is done and their effects on the work tinue to exist in American life than our nation could have of the school. continued half slave and half free. If the school can not Such are the prerequisites of teachers who would suc- bring joy to the work of the world the joy must go out cessfully engage in the work of securing better conditions of its own life and work in the school as in the industrial for the children, for themselves, and for the schools field will become drudgery. through organization. Viewed in this light the duty and responsibility of the A word before closing on the relations of the public educators in the solution of the industrial question is one school teachers and the public schools to the labor unions. which must thrill and fascinate while it awes, for the As the professional organization furnishes the motive and very depth of the significance of life is shut up in this ideal which shall determine the character and methods question. But the first requisite is to put aside all preju- of the organized effort of teachers to secure better con- dice, all preconceived notions, all misinformation and half ditions for teaching, so is it the province of the educa- information, and to take to this question what the edu- tional agencies in a democracy to furnish the motive and cators have long recognized must be taken to scientific in- ideal which shall determine the character and methods vestigation in other fields. There may have been justi- of the organization of its members for self protection. fication for failure to do this in the past, but we cannot There is no possible conflict between the good of society face the responsibility of continued failure and maintain and the good of its members, of which the industrial our title as thinkers and educators . When men organize workers are the vast majority. The organization of these and go out to kill they go out surrounded by pomp, display workers for mutual aid has shortened the hours of labor, and pagentry, under the inspiration of music and the raised and equalized the wages of men and women and admiration of the throng; not so with the army of in- taken the children from the factories and workshops . These humanitarian achievements of the labor unions- dustrial toilers who have been fighting humanity's battles unhonored and unsung. and many others which space forbids enumerating-in It will be well indeed if the teachers have the courage raising the standard of living of the poorest and weakest of their convictions and face all that the labor unions members of society are a service to society which for its have faced with the same courage and perseverance. own welfare it must recognize. More than this, by intel- To-day, teachers of America, we stand at the parting ligent comprehension of the limitations of the labor unions of the ways . Democracy is not on trial, but America is. and the causes of these limitations, by just, judicious and helpful criticism and co-operation, society must aid them to feel the inspiration of higher ideals and to find the BOARD OF EDUCATION . better means to realize these ideals . Wed. Sept. 14, 1904 . If there is one institution on which the responsibility to perform this service rests most heavily, it is the public The committee on school management recommended school. If there is one body of public servants of whom that Emma Alice Cadman, who was granted a diploma of the public has a right to expect the mental and moral graduation from the Normal school on June 22, 1904, be equipment to face the labor question and other issues awarded a partial certificate to teach in the elementary vitally affecting the welfare of society and urgently press- schools. ing for a rational and scientific solution, it is the public That the following named former teachers, who hold school teachers whose special contribution to society is valid certificates, be placed on the list for appointment to their own power to think, the moral courage to follow positions in the elementary schools in accordance with the their convictions, and the training of citizens to think and rules : Virginia B. Benson, Emma Dill Geselbracht, Mary to express thought in free and intelligent action. I. Kennedy, Mamie Adeline Stern, Helene von Holland . The narrow conception of education which makes the That Peter A. Mortenson be elected principal of the mechanics of reading, writing and arithmetic and other Washington Evening school, vice William J. Bogan, re- subjects the end and aim of the schools, instead of a signed . means to an end-which mistakes the accidental and in- cidental for the essential-produces the unthinking, me- That the kindergarten now located in the rented build- chanical mind in teacher and pupil and prevents the public ing at the corner of Marshfield avenue and Forty- eighth school as an institution and the public school teachers as street be transferred to the main building of the Seward school, and that this branch be abandoned. a body from becoming conscious of their relation to so- That the Deaf and Dumb department now located in ciety and its problems, and from meeting their responsi- bilities. On the other hand, that teaching which is most the Settlement building on Gross avenue, near Forty- scientific and rational gives the highest degree of power seventh street, be transferred to one of the small rooms in to think and to select the most intelligent means of ex- the main building of the Seward school. Recommendations concurred in. pressing thought in every field of activity. The ideals and methods of the labor unions are in a measure a test of the efficiency of the schools and the ANNOUNCEMENTS . other educational agencies. How shall the public school and the industrial workers in their struggle to secure the rights of humanity through The regular meeting of the Chicago Teachers' Federa- a more just and equitable distribution of the products of tion will be held at Handel Hall, Saturday, Sept. 17, at their labor, meet their mutual responsibility to each other 10:30 a. m. and to society ? Special order of business. Election of corresponding Whether the work of co-ordinating these two great secretary and nomination of vice president of District 2. educational agencies, manual and mental labor, with each FLORENCE E. TENNERRY, other and with the social organism, shall be accomplished Cor. Secretary. through the affiliation of the organizations of brain and 194 Oakwood , Blvd. manual workers is a mere matter of detail and method to be decided by the exigencies in each case. The essential ADJOURNED ANNUAL SESSION . thing is that the public school teachers recognize the fact that their struggle to maintain the efficiency of the schools The adjourned session of the annual meeting will be through better conditions for themselves is a part of the held Saturday, Sept. 14, 1904, at 10 a. m. in Handel Hall, same great struggle which the manual workers often mis- 40 E. Randolph street. understood and unaided-have been making for humanity FLORENCE E. TENNERRY, through their efforts to secure living conditions for them- Cor. Secretary . selves and their children; and that back of the unfavorable conditions of both is a common cause. CHICAGO TEACHERS' CLUB . Two ideals are struggling for supremacy in American life to-day : one the industrial ideal dominating through Regular meeting Chicago Teachers' Club September 17, the supremacy of commercialism, which subordinates the 1904, 82 Randolph street. Ladies' Lunch Club, luncheon worker to the product and the machine; the other, the 35 cents per plate, I p. m. Program, 2 p. m. Subject, The ideal of democracy, the ideal of the educators, which Teachers' Salary Suit. Speakers, Miss Catharine Goggin places humanity above all machines, and demands that and Miss Margaret A. Haley. all activity shall be the expression of life. If this ideal Mary E. Reynolds, Emily A. Hayward, of the educators can not be carired over into the indus- Pres. Cor. Sec. 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION crete. And she is an enthusiast. She is an excellent in- stance of the truth of Colonel Parker's aphorism: "There BULLETIN is nothing so practical as a good theory." But first and last, she is a lover of mankind. Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, In the Record-Herald of September 11, in the sketch Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, which accompanies her portrait, are touches which explain December 23, 1901. the motive power impelling the present unselfish and pub- lic-spirited use of her uncommon powers. THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the A foreign critic said of Benjamin Franklin : "America year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of has furnished the world with many wonderful productions AprilandDecember, by the Chicago Teachers' Federation. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single and one philosopher. " copies, Five Cents. Chicago has amazed the world with many wonderful ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received byTuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. achievements, with some perplexing problems, with some ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to iniquitous public conditions ; she has produced also some the order of the Federation Bulletin. men of note and honor, and a few women who have de- THE EDITOR , voted their genius, their inspiration and the high endow- 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO . ment of their womanhood with signal success to the bet- terment of those conditions which make for a fuller and Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. more human life. Α. Μ. Μ. DR. CORNELIA B. DE BEY. THE N. E. A. RESOLUTIONS . Ever since the beginning of last week, when it became The resolutions adopted by the N. E. A. at its meeting generally known that Dr. Cornelia B. De Bey was the last July (printed in full in this issue) , are especially in- woman who was interceding with both the packers and teresting to grade teachers. Among the six questions workmen for the settlement of the stock yards strike, there which the preamble declares to be fundamental to ele- has been a desire on the part of the public, to whom her mentary education, though still unsettled, four are : I. name was not generally familiar, to know more of Dr. Local taxation. 2. Rational supervision. 3. Proper recog- De Bey's personality. nition of the teacher as an educator in the school sys- To social settlement workers, teachers in the public schools tem. 4. Well-trained and well-paid teachers. and, beyond all, the very poor in all the most congested The resolutions declare in favor of permanent tenure districts of the city, Dr. De Bey has needed no introduc- of office for teachers during efficiency and good behavior. tion for the past eighteen years . But so scanty are the and promotion based on fitness, experience, professional public rewards for labors of love among the humble and growth and fidelity to duty. so laggard the recognition of service in the cause of hu- A paragraph is devoted to the question of teachers ' manity that it is not surprising that her efforts and achieve- salaries and the detrimental effects which the present low ments have passed practically unnoticed. salaries are having on the schools. Good Deeds Hidden . The N. E. A. is to be congratulated for having adopted, though at this late date, two of the cardinal principles of Her own attitude has helped more than anything else the labor unions, namely, "equal pay for equal work for to keep her in the shade. As all the newspaper people men and women," and legislation prohibiting child labor. who have come in contact with her since she became a Another evidence of the advance toward the democratic factor in the strike situation very well know, Dr. De Bey spirit is found in the resolution (No. 10) which declares has sought at every moment to stand in the background, that responsibility for the success or failure of the schools to belittle her own efforts and to persuade her interviewers rests wholly with the people, that therefore the public to give all the credit for the work she has done to other schools should be kept as near to the people as possible people who simply followed her leadership. and that to this end endorses the principle of popular local It is remarkable enough, in this age of arbitration boards, self government in all school matters . when capital and labor are supposed to be beginning to The resolutions demand a rigid enforcement of the realize the necessity of getting together amicably and dis- tax laws both as to assessment and collection, and full and cussing their differences openly, that it has been left for adequate support of our public school system by taxation. a frail slip of a woman, with no interest but love of hu- Resolutions that end with adoption have little value un- manity and no influence with either side, to bring the less perhaps as indicators of public sentiment and they are warring factions to a sense of their duty. And it is even not always that. It now behooves the educators to bestir more remarkable that she has come out of the ordeal in themselves and give force to this declaration of principles. possession of the hearty personal friendship of the leaders of both camps. A Persistent Fighter. THE END OF THE STRIKE . Dr. De Bey is a fighter. She has been fighting against odds ever since she can remember, winning sometimes, los- Through the mediation of a woman, Dr. Cornelia De Bey, ing sometimes, but optimistic always, and always ready to an understanding has been reached between the forces in- begin a new battle on the field of recent defeat. Her un- volved in the stock yards strike by which the public is bene- swerving honesty of purpose started her straight out in a fited, the business of the packers is resumed, the situation heroic course in the present instance. It enabled her to as it affects the interests of union labor is clarified, and cut down all opposition and succeed, though on the way the distress of the unemployed and of their families is she had to speak some bitter truths to both the packers and the strikers. relieved. No better example has been furnished of the influences To her personal friends she declared, as she began the through which alone the problem presented by this strug- fight, "There must be one man among all these men a little more of a man and a little less of a fool than those gle can be solved. The personality and the mental equip- around him. I'm going to find out who that man is, and ment brought by Dr. De Bey to the performance of this when I've found him I will know how to move him." high task are of so much suggestive value that for the This was her simple plan of campaign, and she won purpose of analyzing what has proved to be the clarifying her victory in less than a week. Nobody will ever know element in this apparently hopeless situation, one may be just how she won, but it is certain that she did not beg pardoned for intruding somewhat beyond the restrictions for the concessions she asked from both sides, nor make imposed by her own retiring and impersonal attitude. Dr. any appeal in the name of charity or pity. Her one at- De Bey is a psychologist. As a normal student, as a high titude was that the rights of the public, common decency school teacher, as a normal teacher, as a physician, her and justice demanded a settlement, whether it came about profoundest interest has been in the underlying laws of through a compromise or surrender by either side. human development, and in her application of these has Interest in Education . been her strength. Intellectually she brings to whatever problem engages her the rational, scientific conceptions Dr. De Bey is a graduate of the Cook County Normal which enable her to grasp the situation in a large and school, where she studied under Colonel Parker, and in fundamental way. At the same time no practical detail 1895 graduated from Hahnemann Medical College after escapes her. Of Dutch and French ancestry, she is fired taking a course at Northwestern University. Her pro- with enthusiasm for the ideal, and keenly alive to the con- fessional work has been wide and her standing among CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 5 intelligently expressed in times of labor troubles. Such a public sentiment alone, crystallized by vigorous action on the part of bodies of private citizens, would do much to bring the opposing sides to a sense of decency and con- sideration. But I believe the principal difficulty in the way is the attitude of the great majority of the men who are arrayed against each other at such times . "There is a type of man who becomes nothing but a machine. Business is his god, and it rules him always. He loses his human faculty, he has no sense of justice, and is powerless to analyze a situation. Such men as these are at or near the front in every labor disturbance, seeking to hinder any possibility of a settlement. "They have no blood worth speaking of in their veins, and no gray matter worth mentioning in their heads. They are the stumbling blocks set in the path of progress to teach us lessons of sorrow and patience. " John R. Rathom in Chicago Record- Herald, Sept. 11 . NATIONAL EDUCATIONAL ASSOCIATION . St. Louis, Mo. , July 1 , 1904 . The members of the National Educational Association, assembled in their Forty-third Annual Convention, make the following DECLARATION. 1. We cannot emphasize too often the educational creed first promulgated more than a century ago that "Religion, morality and knowledge being necessary to good govern- ment and the happiness of mankind, school and the means of education shall forever be encouraged." This declara- tion of the fathers must come to us now with newer and more solemn call when we remember that in many parts of our common country the fundamental questions of ele- mentary education-local taxation, consolidation of weak schools, rational supervision, proper recognition of the teacher as an educator in the school system, school li- braries, and well trained and well paid teachers are still largely unsettled questions. 2. We would direct attention, therefore, to the neces- sity for a supervisor of ability and tact for every town, DR CORNELIA B. DE BEY. city, county, and state system of public schools. Not only are leaders needed in this position who can appreciate and stimulate the best professional work, but qualities of popu- physicians has not suffered because she has deliberately lar leadership are also demanded to the end that all classes taken on her own shoulders the alleviation of distress of people may be so aroused that every future citizen of among the very poor, entirely regardless of her personal the Republic may have the very best opportunities for welfare. training in social and civic efficiency. Her interest in educational matters has always been 3. The very nature of the teachers' task demands that great. Almost single-handed she pushed through the state that task be entrusted only to men and women of culture legislature the bill legalizing kindergartens as part of the and of intellectual and moral force. Inadequate compen- public school system, and she led the fight that defeated sation for educational work drives many efficient workers the bill which sought to make married women ineligible from the school room and prevents many men and women as teachers in the public schools. of large ambition for service from entering the profession . To those who have taken any interest in the child labor It is creditable neither to the profession nor to the general problem it is unnecessary to point out how great a factor public that teachers of our children, even though they can in the present improved conditions has been the help given be secured, should be paid the paltry sum of $300 a year, by Dr. De Bey, who has spent every moment of her spare which is about the average annual salary of teachers time in fighting this evil. throughout the country. Her Younger Life. 4. The Bureau of Education at Washington should be preserved in its integrity, and the dignity of its position No strong personality is ever the outcome of chance. maintained and increased. It should receive at the hands When we get a glimpse of the environment in which Dr. of our lawmakers such recognition and such appropriations De Bey's life has been spent it is not hard to see how she as will enable it not only to employ all expert assistance became possessed of the courage to attempt a settlement necessary, but also to publish in convenient and usable of the strike, and the rare intelligence and tact with which form the results of investigations ; thus making that de- she carried her efforts to a successful conclusion. She is partment of our government such a source of informa- of foreign birth, though neither in accent nor appearance tion and advice as will be most helpful to the people in does she give any indication of it. She was born in the conducting their campaigns of education. town of Groningen, a seaport at the northeastern boundary 5. We would emphasize the necessity for the develop- of Holland, and was three years old when the family came ment of public high schools wherever they can be sup . to America. Her father, Benardus B. De Bey, was for ported properly, in order that the largest number pos- years the moving spirit of the great Groningen University, sible of those who pass through the elementry grades may an institution founded in the beginning of the seven- have the advantage of broader training, and for the ad- teenth century. He was looked on as one of the foremost ditional reason that the public elementary schools are taught educators and preachers in the Netherlands. largely by those who have no training beyond that given Her maternal grandfather had also been a famous edu- in the high schools. cator, and at his death he left behind him a large colony 6. As long as more than half of our population is rural, of his fellow countrymen of whose lives he had been LL the the Rural School and its problems should receive the guiding spirit. solicitous care of the National Educational Association. The Trouble With Men. The Republic is vitally concerned in the educational de- When she was asked yesterday what she considered the velopment of every part of its territory. There must be principal reasons why labor troubles were not more quickly no forgotten masses anywhere in our Union of States and adjusted Dr. De Bey said: A Territories, nor in any one of its dependencies. "Our idea of arbitration is ridiculously primitive and in- 7. We believe that merit and merit alone should de- adequate, and there is no real healthy public sentiment, termine the employment and retention of teachers, that, 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. after due probation, tenure of office should be permanent Then you can imagine my disgust at listening, not to during efficiency and good behavior, and that promotions anything helpful on the topic assigned, but to an astonish- should be based on fitness, experience, professional growth, ing exhibition of misrepresentation, misinterpretation and and fidelity to duty. We especially commend the efforts utterly unpardonable imputation, in a studied effort to dis- that are being made in many parts of the country whereby credit the preceding speaker and the cause she represented. teachers, school officials, and the general public working If you had done something of the kind in some off hand. together for a common purpose are securing better sal- unpremeditated remarks, that might have been pardonable ; aries for teachers and devising a better system for con- but to deliberately prepare such a paper, under a deceptive serving the rights and privileges of all and for improving title, while the lady you thus essayed to overwhelm witlı the efficiency of the schools. confusion had no warning of the attack and no possibility, 8. We declare further that, granted equal character and under the rules, of meeting it-such an astounding dis- efficiency, and equally successful experience, women are courtesy I had never before seen in a public gathering ; equally entitled with men to the honors and emoluments and even more astounding was the fact that many superin- of the profession of teaching. tendents in the audience were ready to applaud you. You 9. We advocate the enactment and rigid enforcement could hardly have given, nor could they, more conclusive of appropriate laws relating to child labor, such as will evidence of the supreme and lordly contempt which some protect the mental, moral and physical well-being of the superintendents seem to feel for their teachers . child, and will be conducive to his educational develop- It seems to me unfortunate in the extreme to imply, as ment into American citizenship. you did all the way through, that there is inevitable an- 10. The responsibility for the success or failure of the tagonism between superintendent and teachers, especially schools rests wholly with the people and therefore the when the latter are organized. Certainly Miss Haley neith- public schools should be kept as near to the people as er said nor implied anything that could possibly be con- practicable ; to this end we endorse the principle of popular strued as an assault, either present or prospective, on the local self government in all school matters. supremacy of the superintendent and I do not understand II. Since education is a matter of the highest public that the Teachers' Federation would curtail the superin- concern, our public school system should be fully and ade- tendent's authority in the least, or would wish to. Per- quately supported by taxation ; and tax laws should be haps I am not well informed on this point, but I can see honestly and rigidly enforced both as to assessment and nothing in the federation propaganda so far to cause any collection. superintendent apprehension, unless indeed he be an un- 12. We congratulate and thank the management of the reasonable and overbearing tyrant-and I believe I have Louisiana Purchase Exposition for giving education first known such. place in the scheme of classification, for the location and To be sure "the dictation must come from the other grandeur of its building, and for the extent and arrange- end," as you said ; that is, if there must be dictation at all. ment of the educational exhibits. Such recognition of edu- I do not believe any member of the federation which you cation is in harmony with the genius of our democracy and so valiantly essayed to annihilate would deny that for a will stimulate interest in popular education throughout the moment. But why raise the question of dictation at all be- world. tween superintendent and teachers ? Miss Haley certainly CHARLES D. M'IVER, of North Carolina, Chairman. did,not. Of course there is occasionally a teacher who JOHN W. CARR, of Indiana. must be dictated to, and that is one of the unfortunate in- AMELIA C. FRUCHTE, of Missouri. stances that any superintendent must meet; but that im- MARGARET A. HALEY, of Illinois . plies distinctly something discreditable on the part of that ANNA TOLMAN SMITH, of District of Columbia . particular teacher. But most of the teachers-the-strong AUGUST S. DOWNING, of New York. and efficient ones-yield a loyal deference to the kindly S. Y. GILLAN, of Wisconsin. guidance of the strong and efficient superintendent. That Committee on Resolutions . the teachers as a whole under any superintendent should be "dictated to" distinctly implies, it seems to me, something the matter with that particular superintendent. AN OPEN LETTER TO MR. GOVE. The teacher who rouses the antagonism of her pupils is not usually wanted long in one place; and likewise the August 25, 1904. superintendent who wins the opposition of a considerable Supt. Aaron Gove, Denver, Colo . number of his teachers, by that very token demonstrates Dear Sir : I attended the last meeting of the N. Ε. Α . his incompetence; though it will not be denied that there and I intended to write to you as soon as I returned home, are exceptions-cases in which the superintendent is en- but the rush of other matters and the long confusion inci- tirely in the right and the teachers absolutely, even though dent to changing my address have delayed me until now. unanimously, in the wrong. Some months ago I read in the Normal Instructor, I I am not discussing here whether the federation idea is think it was-a stenographic report of a talk you had given wise or unwise. I have not quite made up my mind yet on to your teachers. I liked very much the tone of it. It that point. I am still "groping for light," still "open to seemed to breathe the spirit of conciliation and co-opera- conviction. " But anyway that matter was not assigned to tion rather than dictation, and to differ very markedly in you for discussion at St. Louis at all, as I understand it. that particular from much that is said and written by However, I may remark on the side that the point you superintendents respecting the work of teachers, espe- seemed to consider the most impressive at St. Louis struck cially grade teachers. For that reason I was very glad to me as being mighty flimsy. You say the teachers are "deal- find your name on the program of the N. E. A., and the ing with immortal souls," and therefore should not, like the topic assigned, " The Limitations of the Superintendent's low caste laborers who work with wood and iron and pork Authority and of the Teacher's Independence," was exactly and cotton, resort to the low expedient of any effort, espe- the one I wished to hear you discuss. cially any united effort, to better their wages. You do not The very wording of the topic seemed to carry with deny that the laborer with the coarser material gets the it a refreshing intimation that there was really some better wages, and does so by reason of organization ; but limit to the superintendent's authority. Of course we have the teacher, by very reason of the priceless "raw material" always been given to understand that there is a limit to with which she works, and the infinitely greater value of the teacher's independence. I hoped you would offer su- her service, should ignore the matter of remuneration and perintendents of little experience and No. o size like myself leave it in the hands of those who think it to their own some helpful suggestions regarding the way to give the interest to pay as little as possible. What extraordinary progressive, wide awake teacher the best chance to make philosophy! Sincerely yours, the most of her own personality in her work, rather than Excelsior, Minn. J. K. M'BROOM, reducing her to a mere machine to run in a particular Superintendent of Schools. groove cut by the superintendent. It has seemed to me that the machine regime characterizes distinctly the school work of many of the large cities-almost from necessity IF I CAN SUCCEED perhaps-and even sometimes of small towns in the hands of still smaller superintendents. I had hoped that you inmaking clear to you what is meant by LOANS BY would show how this was a great injustice to the teacher CORRESPONDENCE you will never borrow onany and a great detriment to the pupil, and how we could or otherplan. Address E. B., Federation Bulletin,437 Unity Bldg. should avoid it. I did not understand that there was any connection at all between Miss Haley's topic and your By permission Igive this paper as my reference. own, and evidently Miss Haley did not. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 7 UNIVERSITY LECTURE ASSOCIATION IN CO - OPERATION WITH THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO The lecture course announced by the University Lecture Association for the ensuing year are given below. Attention is called to the change of evening in the North and the South Side centers and to the new location of the South Side center. NORTH SIDE CENTER-Monday evenings, Linco'n Park Congregational church . 707 Fullerton Boulevard. October 3rd-November 7th: "Great Novellats of the Nineteenth Century," six lectures by J. G. Carter Troop , A. M. , Assistant Professor ofEnglish Literature. November 14th- December 19th: "History and Civilization of Egypt," six lectures by James Henry Breasted, Ph. D., Associate Professor of Egypro v. (Illustrated with many stereopticon views ) January9t bruary 13th: "Other Worlds Than Ours," six lectures by Forest Ray Moulton, Ph. D. , Assistant Professor of Astronomy. (Illus with stereopticon views.) February 2010-March 27th: "European Capitals and Their Social Significance," six lectures by Jerome H. Raymond, Ph. D. , Associate Professor of Sociology. ( Illustrated with stereopticon views . ) SOUTH SIDE CENTER-Tuesday evenings, Auditorium Lincoln Center, Oakwood Boulevard and Langley Avenue. (Until the completion of the hall, lectures will be givenin All Souls' Chapel, across the Boulevard.) October 4th-November 8th: "History and Civilization of Egypt, " six lectures by James Henry Breasted, Ph. D.. Associate Professor of Egyptology. (Illustrated with stereopticon views.) -November15th-December 20th: "Our Natural Resources, Their Economic Significance," six lecturesby J. Paul Goode, Ph. D., Associate Pro- fessor ofGeography. (Illustrated with stereopticon views January 10th-February 14th: Studles in Comic Literature," six lectes by William Norman Guthrie, B. Litt., A. M. , Author and Lecturer in General Literature. February 21st-March 28th: "European Capitals and Their Social Significance ." six lectures by Jerome H. Raymond. Ph. D., Associate Professor of Sociology. (Illustrated with stereopticon views. ) WEST SIDE CENTER - Thursday evenings, Auditorium Lewis Institute. corner of Robey and Madison Streets. October 6th-November loth: 'The Far East," six lectures by Toyokicht lyena a, Ph . D. Associate Professorial Lecturer in Political Science. November 17th-December 22nd: "The Modern Novel ." six lectures by Richard Burton, Ph. D. , Professorial Lecturerin English Literature. January 5th- February 9th: " The Spiritual Elementin Tragedy ." Pt, 11 , six lectures by S. H. Clark, Ph. B., Associate Professor of Pubje Speaking. February 16th-March 23rd: "The Beginnings of Christianity," six lectures by Herbert L. Willett, Ph . D., Assistant Professor of Semitic Languages and Literature. March 30th-May 4th: "Art and Life ." six lectures by Charles Zueblin, Ph . B. , D. B., Professor of Sociology. ADMISSION TICKETS . Member hip card admitting two persons to ail lectures given by the Association in the academic year, 1904-5, and one person to the Ope Lectures at the University. Summer quarter, 190 $10 00 Fmily ticket ( Associate Membership) good for twenty-four admissions in any combination to the lectures announced in the circular . 500 Package ticket, welve single adm ssion tickets in package. 300 Course ticket, s x lec'ures 150 Single admission ticket. 35 Tickets may be secured at the lecture halls or of A. C. McClurg & Co. , 215 Wabash Ave. Information as to other lectures to be annou ced, and as to conditions upon which University Credit may be secured will be sent upon application to WALTER A. PAYNE , Secretary , 58th St. and Ellis Ave. Watch This Space! 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. Democracy FEDERAL and Social Ethics TRUST & SAVINGS $2,000,000 SURPLUS CAPITAL BANK $500,000 A Banking, Savings and Trust Company By JANE ADDAMS business transacted. Head of "Hull House," Chi- We invite interviews or correspondence from individuals, firms or corporations cago; joint author of "Philan- contemplating making changes or opening new accounts. thropy and Social Progress." OFFICERS. DIRECTORS. Thomas P. Phillips, E. H. Gary, Chairman, President. Charles Deering, Nathan G. Moore, W. J. Chalmers. Miss Addams' Settlement Work is known to all Vice President and Alfred H. Mulliken. Counsel. C. B. Shedd. who are interested in social amelioration and Charles S. Castle, A. E. Musbaum, municipal conditions. As the title of her book Cashier. T. P. Phillips. F. J. Scheidenhelm, Norman B. Ream. shows, it will be occupied with the reciprocal Asst. Cashier. NathanG. Moore. relations of ethical progress and the growth of Edwin L. Wagner, E. J. Buffington. Asst. Cashier. D. W. Burrows. democratic thought, sentiment and institutions. Irving J. Shuart, W. E. Phillips. Secretary. J. N. Vance, N. E. Cor. La Salle and Adams Streets. $ 1.25 NET. ABC The First Book of Birds For Children, Large or Small ...BY... National Mary Catherine Judd With nonsense rhymes for little ones and prosy sense for older ones. 26 colored plates . Price, $1.00. Bank Miss Judd, in this, has prepared a book is now that will be a delight to every child and will be intensely interesting to every adult lover of located in its birds. Every letter of the alphabet is illus- trated by a beautiful colored picture of a bird, whose name begins with that initial. A fun- new office , provoking rhyme given with each picture for the children; a short prose description makes them interesting to the adult. Miss Judd, principal of one of the public schools in Min- neapolis, is already well known as author of "Classic Myths" and " Wigwam Stories." 119 A. W. MUMFORD, Publisher 203 Michigan Avenue. CHICAGO Monroe St. Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin TRADES UNION COUNCIL 100 Vol. 3. CHICAGO , SEPTEMBER 23, 1904. No. 32. THE TRUE EXPANSION OF THE EMPIRE STATE . the state, holding positions that might have been By Charles A. Gardner of the Bar of New York. filled by a native born citizenry. I am not arguing for the exclusion of any man- (Extracts from an address delivered before the Russian peasant or favorite son of a sister state. I. Convocation of the University of the State of New maintain simply that our citizens must have a higher York. Copied from the School Journal.) average intelligence, or go down before the superior Higher Intellectual Education Necessary . intellectuality of our competitors ; and that a four- The people of New York are now 8,000,000 year high school course with four years more op- strong. Within a generation they will number tional in a county college would equip them with many more. Through our ports are pouring in, in such an average intelligence that they could compete a continuous flood, the peoples of the Old World, with any citizenry in the world. while through a hundred inland gates come in Higher Economic Education . steady file the citizenry of a continent. New York Such an education is necessary for our common is the loadstone of the world that draws all men good. The object of economic education is to fit unto it. And within this state it is literally the citizens for the production, management, and use of survival of the fittest, from the poorest farm-hand wealth. The aggregate result of the highest eco- in Clinton county to the all-powerful magnate of nomic education must be the greatest possible pro- Wall street. Tremendous are the tasks that con- duction and the wisest management and use. Itis front us, fierce and relentless the competition ; and estimated that at 35 years of age the earning ca- entered the lists for the prizes are not our 8,000,000 pacity of a man with common school education and people alone, but the best trained and intellectually special training for his work is twelve and a half equipped experts of the world. times greater than that of an illiterate, untrained To meet these demands, we guarantee our citizens man ; that a high school education and training a common school education. That is our constitu- doubles that efficiency and that a college education tional standard of public intelligence. Practically, and training add 100 per cent more ; so that the it is the standard of a generation ago. Can any earning capacity of a high school graduate should one seriously contend that it adequately equips our be 25 times greater, and of a county college gradu- citizens for the tremendous intellectual demands ate 50 times greater than that of an illiterate day upon them ? The truth is, for years we have been laborer. so overwhelmed by our material progress that we A comparison with other states shows the almost have not realized the astounding disparity between incredible annual money loss of New York, due our intellectual and material growth. largely, I contend, to its low standards of economic Astounding Material and Intellectual Disparity . education. In 1890 each person in New York pro- Go back a generation and contrast the expansion duced $ 143.51 , and in Massachusetts $ 167.68, while of high schools and representative material inter- the average schooling received by each inhabitant of ests. Steam railroad construction and equipment, New York was 5.32 years, and of Massachusetts for instance, has increased 523 per cent ; freight car- 6.15. If the per capita production of New York ried, 500 per cent ; street railroad construction and had equaled that of Massachusetts, the wealth of New York would have been increased by $221,169, - equipment, 2,200 per cent ; passengers carried, 719 per cent; assets of life insurance companies, 539 853 annually. per cent; resources of trust companies, 1,706 per New York's Incredible Money Less. cent; deposits, 1,760 per cent ; and aggregating all The only wealth statistics for 1900 now available its material resources, the wealth of the State has are those of manufacturers. Taking these alone, the grown from $6,500,841,264 to $13,062,300,000 ; production per capita per year in New York in while high school attendance has increased 161 per 1900 was $299.44 ; and in Massachusetts $369, while cent ; high school teachers, 278 per cent, and state the average schooling received by each person in appropriations from $34,757 to $249,351 . Mean. New York was 5.96 years, and in Massachusetts while thousands upon thousands of positions of 7.32 years. Had the value of manufactured prod- profit and honor and trust, requiring the highest in- ucts per capita in New York been as great as in tellectual qualifications , after fair competition, are Massachusetts, the wealth of New York would have deliberately awarded to more competent citizenry been increased by $494,751,999 annually. from beyond our borders. Call the roll of your I do not contend that our productive capacity is acquaintances and you will find manufacturers, mer- controlled entirely by public economic education: chants, financiers, editors, teachers, lawyers-men in but it is no mere coincidence that economic educa- every business and profession of life, from without tion is practically unknown in New York, while it 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. flourishes in Massachusetts, nor that the per capita If it be argued that the remedy for such illiteracy production and schooling in the two states, for two is more common schools, that people do not attend decades, have been in almost perfect mathematical high schools to learn to read and write-then on the proportion. basis of high school education alone, our interstate Whatever the cause, $494.751,999 annually is an standing is deplorable. appalling economic loss to our body politic ; and New York Only Seventeenth. unless New York is prepared to make its citizens Taking attendance as the ultimate test, New York economic specialists to the extent at least of a high school education, with four years more optional in stands seventeenth only among the states of the county colleges, it must ultimately fall to the rear Union. All New England, except Rhode Island, surpasses us. Ohio outranks us by 18 per cent, Iowa and abandon its economic primacy. by 37, and Nebraska by 53 per cent. Kansas , Colo- Eight Million Sovereign- Subjects . rado and California all excel us. On any theory our Such an education is necessary for our political interstate high school rank is inexcusable-and con- good. Under the social compact citizens of this sidering our general economic primacy, I say again state sustain a dual role-they are both sover- it is deplorable. eigns and subjects-they are both the state and the In 1900, we had a high school population of people. Each one of our eight million citizens is a 641,030, and a high school attendance of only 79,- sovereign ruler over all the others ; each one is also 305 : 561,665 citizens of the state, male and female, a subject, owing allegiance to the body politic. As were therefore entitled to a free public high school a citizen-sovereign, each citizen must protect his education, not one of whom received it. Should subjects by making and administering laws, and for their education be pushed along the lines I have this he must have the highest political intelligence. indicated to-night, with the intelligent and deter- As a citizen-subject, he must bear allegiance to the mined zeal that marks every branch of our material government, and for this he must have such a high expansion, I am confident New York would become standard of political intelligence as will enable him not alone first in population , wealth, commerce, in- to understand and obey the laws, and loyally sup- dustry and finance, not alone first in capital, rai!- port the state. roads, canals and shipping, but first also in high But every state citizen may also be a national schools, colleges and universities-the educational citizen ; and when we consider that as such he is also elements necessary to a permanent interstate pri- both sovereign over 80,000,000 national subjects and macy. subject to 80,000,000 national sovereigns, we must I plead for the higher education for which Gov- • admit that a citizen of New York is a constituent ernor Clinton besought the blessing of the Supreme part of the most powerful, as well as the most com- Giver of all good. plicated, political machinery on earth. I plead for the higher education that Governor Common school education may prepare our citi- Seward said was indispensable to the expanding zens for their duties as citizen-subjects-even that powers of our commonwealth. is doubtfui ; but no one pretends that it can qualify I plead for the higher education that Governor them as citizen-sovereigns. Seymour called "an essential part of our political No political education is too advanced for the institutions. " sovereigns of England. Germany demands the I plead for the higher education that Governor highest political qualifications in its emperor-why Odell has urged upon educators and legislators, as have less in this state ? Our sovereigns number necessary to "the best type of American citizen- 8,000,000, but the need of a supreme political quali- ship." fication is individual and no less imperative. In Finally, I plead for a higher education that shall my opinion, our citizens should have at least a four- be intellectual, moral, economic and political-give year course of political instruction, with the oppor- such an education to all our people, and the state tunity of four years more, to enable them to per- will become as Milton said, "one huge Christian per- form their duties under the social compact with sonage, one mighty growth and stature, as big and honor to themselves and glory to the state. as compact in virtue as in body," and education will Deplorable Interstate Standing . assume its true function, a power that will dominate Such an education is necessary for our inter- every other sovereignty in the state. state primacy. In material resources New York Immediate State Aid Necessary . is now the most powerful and progressive sover- V. That the supreme blessings of such an edu- eignty in the Union. But it is subject to the inex- cation may Le ours, I plead to-night for immediate orable law of republics. It cannot permanently and ample appropriations. maintain its economic primacy unless it stands first These should include three items : First, an ap- also in intellectual and moral power. How far it propriation to educate a reasonable proportion of falls short of this standard let the Federal census our non- attending high school population. In 1900, bear witness. Eighteen other states have a lower 88 per cent of our common school population at- percentage of general illiteracy than New York ; 25 tended school. Why should not our high school at- have a lower percentage of illiterate whites : 34 have tendance be the same? In that year our high school a lower percentage of illiterate foreign whites, and population was 641,030, and attendance 79,365, or no less than 47 have a lower number of illiterate 12.38 per cent. Eighty-eight per cent would be adults . In 1870 New York stood eleventh in lit- 564.106, or an increase of 484.741 . To educate them eracy, and 1890 fifteenth, and in 1900 nineteenth , on the same basis would cost the state $ 1,522,086. and since 1880, no less than 12 states have out- Second, an appropriation for county colleges equal stripped and outranked New York in the education to county appropriations up to, say, $10,000 eacli. of their people...... Only the richer counties would make appropriations CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 3 at first, but if the sixty-one counties all made $ 10,- band of public servants ! Four thousand eight hun- 000 appropriations immediately, this item would be dred strong ! I bow before your lofty devotion to $610,000. Third, the state should do its share, and the public good ! I pay humble tribute to your at once, and irrespective of other appropriations , to- patriotic services ! Endowed with superior abilities , remedy the palpable financial injustice to all high equipped for service by careful training, entrusted school teachers . with responsible public duties, overburdened with Low Salaries of Teachers . work, poorly paid-you have done more for the In 1902 they numbered 4,794, and their average common good and have received less in return , than annual salary was $729. In the same year the aver- any other public servants of the state. The plan I age earnings of mechanics and day laborers through- submit to-night will advantage you and supremely out the state were : Stone setters, $ 1,500 ; marble profit the commonwealth. I propose a broad, con- cutters, $1,356 ; metal lathers, $1,175 ; stone cutters , servative, and expanding higli school system. Con- $ 1,016 ; bricklayers, $948 ; housesmiths, $942 ; and template its splendid possibilities ! Behold its il- plumbers, $902 ; total average, $1,119 ; $390 more limitable opportunities ! than the average high school salary. No High Schools in 9,937 Districts . Less Than Day Laborers . In the state there are 9,955 common school, 44 In New York city the wages of an ordinary hod municipal, and 651 Union Free School districts. In carrier in 1902 averaged $767 ; $38 more than the the municipal districts there are 159 high schools, average high school teacher. Should high school in the Union school districts 635, and in the 9,955 teachers receive the average wages of hod carriers, common school districts, only 18. How many other one-half the increase would cost the state $91,086 ; common school districts are provided with reason- should they receive the average wages of plumbers, able high school facilities by contiguous or nearby one-half the increase would be $417,078 ; or of high schools, it is impossible to determine. To be conservative, however, I will assume that an aggre- bricklayers, $522,646. Taking the latter sum, the three appropriations would be $2,654,732, or a mil- gate of 937 may eventually be provided with high school facilities under the non-resident tuition law. lion and a quarter less than the state now annually appropriates to common schools alone. But this is This will still leave the appalling total of 9,000 for a maximum system which aside from appropria- school districts in the state to be provided with high tions for teachers would not be in full operation for schools or high school facilities. In the 44 munici- a decade. Adding the present appropriations, a con- pal districts there are 1,000 sub-districts and 159 servative estimate of the maximum average annual high schools . Taking this average our 9,000 com- expenditures for the next ten years would not exceed men school districts would require 1,500 high schools more. Or if the 1900 basis be taken, 705 $ 1,452,041 . This would be the infinitesimal tax of eleven thousandths of one per cent on the wealth of schools for 79.365 students, then 4,300 more wou'd the state. It would be even less than three-tenths be required for 88 per cent of the present non- of one per cent of the $494,751,999 which the state attending high school population. Whether it be 1,500 or 4,300 the possibilities of high school ex- might annually add to its productions by a high pansion are literally boundless ! Hail then, high school education of all its citizens . Enormous Wealth of New York. school educators ! Watchmen on the towers of The wealth of New York is inconceivable. It is state! Do you not behold the dawn of a more re- splendent day ? Instead of hundreds of high schools, several billion dollars greater than the wealth of there will be thousands ; instead of tens of thousands any other state. It is three and a third billions of students, hundreds of thousands more ! greater than the wealth of all New England. It True Expansion of the Empire State . is a billion greater than the wealth of all Pacific Coast and Rocky Mountain states. It is greater The true expansion of the Empire State ! Who even than the wealth of all states bordering on the hath appointed its bounds, that it cannot pass ? Who hath said, thus far and no farther ? Already Atlantic excepting Maryland, beginning at Canada the scepter of Anglo-Saxon civilization is moving and stretching to the Gulf. Many of our counties, too , are richer than sovereign commonwealths, New westward from the Thames to the Hudson, and on York county, for example, exceeds 43 of the states its banks, its population, finance, commerce, art, lit- and territories ; Kings, 24 ; Erie, 8, and Albany , erature-all that constitutes the highest and best Monroe, Westchester and Queens, one or more civilization, you will soon behold the metropolis of zach. The state's expenditures for material pur- the world. And the state, methinks I behold it poses are all proportionate to its colossal wealth. even now realizing the vision of Milton-a noble For example, we are expending $ 100,000,000 for en- and puissant sovereign "rousing herself like a strong larged canals and $50,000,000 for good roads. No man after sleep and shaking her invincible locks " ; wiser use of the public funds can be made for our imperial commonwealth rousing herself to the purely material improvements. vast opportunities and tremendous responsibilities of a new era of educational expansion ; her citizen- High School Appropriations Only Two Thousandths of sovereigns and citizen-subjects enthused with spirit- One Per Cent. ual vigor ; her standards of higher education lead- And yet, why take $150,000,000 from the billions ing the van, and her high schools, colleges and uni- of our wealth to improve roads and canals, and versities directing all the forces of her advancing only $249,351 , or two thousandths of one per cent civilization-New York with her sublime and in- annually for the higher education of the minds and finite possibilities, destined to become not alone the morals of our people ? So to-night I plead for im- center of finance and commerce, not alone a benefi- mediate and ample appropriations for our high cent intellectual primacy among her sister states, schools- out of the bounteous resources and over- but the most puissant and dominating, the most flowing treasury of the commonwealth . lofty and inspiring educational force throughout the High school educators of the Empire state ! Noble world. 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETİN . CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION pal are the victims of this perverted idea. It begets BULLETIN on the one side either subservience or discontent ; on the other an amazing blindness to the most ordinary Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, obligations of justice. That a person of Mr. Gove's December 23, 1901. standing in educational circles should in this delib- THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the erate and public manner ignore all that was due a year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of April andDecember, by the Chicago Teachers' Federation. speaker upon the same platform as himself when THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single copies, Five Cents. that speaker happened to be a grade teacher is less ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received byTuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. surprising to those who have been for many years ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to the order of the Federation Bulletin. subject to inflictions of a similar kind than it seems THE EDITOR , to be to Mr. McBroom. The fact should not be for- 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO . Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. gotten, however, that the latter also is in a position of authority, and that the attitude which he himself recognizes as characteristic is not universal. OPENING OF THE IROQUOIS . One of the arguments which might be made for Less than a year ago the Iroquois Theater was the the organization of teachers is the educative value scene of a calamity of such magnitude as has rarely of organization itself. And one of the limitations been equaled in the world's history. This week, out of which teachers need most to be educated is before the first snow has fallen upon the graves of the state of mind which accepts the injustice and its victims, it is reopened as a music hall. What disrespect implied in this attitude, with some mis- must they be who can find " amusement" in a place taken notion that the principle of authority is in- filled with such bitter associations ? Will not the volved. Many teachers, at the mercy of a principal's wails of its victims be forever heard as an under- caprice and never addressed by one in authority ex- tone in all sounds of merriment within the place ? cept from that figurative pedestal of which the real In the name of the innocent, happy-hearted little leader has no need, have been educated in a false children who perished there and of the teachers who submission for which there is no remedy but to feel in many cases found martyr's deaths in an heroic en- their way and find their footing in bodies of their deavor to save the helpless little ones we protest own, organized upon a democratic basis . against this sacrilege. In behalf of the mothers Α. Μ. Μ. whose hearts, because of that sad night shall never- more know surcease of sorrow, we urge all mothers WHO ELECT THE LEGISLATURE ? and teachers to do everything in their power to dis- Chicago Tribune, Sept. 15 . courage attendance at that ill-fated place. FLORENCE E. TENNERRY . "The people of Chicago haven't had a chance to elect members of the state legislature for twenty-five years ." THE INSOLENCE OF OFFICE . Mr. George E. Cole of the Legislative Voters' The Bulletin published last week an open letter League made this statement. You may not believe addressed by one superintendent of schools to an- it till you begin to remember exactly what you did other. The one gentleman takes the other to task when you went to the primary election last spring. for a surprising violation of courtesy and fairness. Suppose that you are a Republican. The Repub- Under circumstances which make it impossible to licans control fourteen of the nineteen legislative answer his remarks, and in a paper which was sup- districts in Cook county. You are a member of the posed to treat a different subject in an impersonal dominant party, responsible for the dominant char- manner, this gentleman made use of his privilege in acter of Cook county's delegation to the next state addressing the National Educational Association to legislature. attack the work of the representative of the grade The main question before the Republicans at last teachers invited to speak on the organization of spring's primary election was whether they favored teachers. Mr. Lowden or Mr. Deneen for governor. One The superintendent who resented this discourtesy ballot contained the names of Lowden delegates for alludes to the fact that there were present superin- the state convention. The other ballot contained tendents who applauded it. the names of Deneen delegates. These candidates The affair furnishes a conspicuous if not a novel were delegates absolutely pledged to vote for Mr. instance of the perverted idea which often exists of Lowden or for Mr. Deneen. But on both ballots the relation between the teacher and the man or wom- there were the names of delegates not only to the an clothed with a little brief authority whose busi- state convention but also to the convention of your ness it is to make the conditions for teaching more legislative district. These delegates were not pledged favorable. Both teacher and superintendent or princi- to anybody as far as you could tell. They simply CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 5 wanted to be members of the legislative convention in the Union in which a married mother has any and said nothing further. You voted for them. right to the "custody, care and nurture" of her own child. In the rest of the states mothers stand You couldn't help it. There was no one else to on a pedestal and fathers have the legal right to vote for. And they were unpledged, absolutely un- manage the entire life of their children, even to pledged. removing them wholly from the "custody, care and Some time later these men, either bosses or the nurture" of the mother. nominees of bosses, met in legislative conventions In most of the states women are denied all par- and nominated candidates for the legislature. The ticipation in the affairs of the government under which they live, and they stand on a very lofty nominating was done in tacit collusion with the pedestal along with idiots, minors, lunatics and other party. The nineteen legislative districts, tech- criminals. nically known as senatorial districts, of Cook county, A pedestal is a good place for a statue, but a are entitled to fifty-seven places in the lower house very poor place for a live woman. Her place is on of the Illinois general assembly. For these fifty- the common earth, side by side with man, sharing his responsibilities, his privileges and his rights. seven places the Republican and the Democratic This is the sort of pedestal to which women are parties together have nominated sixty candidates . slowly and surely climbing. The part which the people of Cook county are sup- LIDA CALVERT OBENCHAIN. posed to play in the election is to pick out three THE WIFE OF HENRY GEORGE . candidates for defeat. The Public , July 30. In most elections the people, while they may not [We publish this as a remarkable and interesting have had much to say about nominating the candi- disquisition on marriage and the whole question of dates, are at least able to choose between them after the inter-relation of woman's and man's work.- they are nominated. In the legislative elections of EDITOR BULLETIN. ] Cook county even this consolation prize is smuggled Wife and husband are too commonly thought of away. There are only as many candidates as there as distinct persons, with independent functions and are offices. duties. To some imaginations the husband is habit- The only way now in which to increase the num- ually pictured as a sturdy oak and the wife as a ber of candidates is through the nomination of inde- clinging vine ; to others they appear simply as asso- pendents. The last day for such nominations will ciates, no closer related at best than as Pythian be the 8th of October. Between now and then the friends. Few of us picture them as the two halves Legislative Voters' League will be hard at work. of one person. Yet this is the true figure. In all But no matter how hard it works it will need the as- their relations they are complementaries. The func- sistance of every voter who wants to see his legis- tions and duties and rights of each are necessary to lative district decently represented. A communica- completeness in the functions, duties and rights of tion addressed to the league would doubtless be the other. effectual in securing for its sender a knowledge of There are no natural monopolies, no natural mas- the situation in his own district and a hint as to the terships, no natural privileges in marriage. Its way in which he himself might affect that situation. equality and mutuality and interdependence on every plane is symbolized by its function of par- enthood on the physical plane. As truly products THE WOMAN ON THE PEDESTAL. of intimate marriage union as children of the body, In a recent number of Collier's Weekly, Richard and as dependent upon this union for vitality, are those little children of the brain and heart which go Harding Davis gives a vivid description of the out into the world as wise thoughts and good deeds . Yoshiwara of Tokio, and pictures for us " The Nature abhors a bachelor as she does a vacuum. Ladies of the Golden Screens," caged behind bars Wherever on the lower planes of her activities man of iron like wild beasts. He wonders " how a nation has made himself familiar with her laws, he has car advance as Japan is advancing when its women learned that she works eternally through unions of masculine with feminine. He has only to become hold so low and insecure a place." familiar with her laws on higher planes to learn "The American," he says, "is used to placing his that there also masculine and feminine unions are women folks on a pedestal." Ah, yes ! So he is. indispensable. In many states to-day women are still standing on A notable example of this idea of the reciprocity the pedestal of the old English Common Law. Their of marriage relations may be found in the marital property belongs to their husbands ; even the clothes life of the late Henry George and his wife, which they wear are not their own in the eyes of the law. is recalled by the death of Mrs. George, July 28. They cannot buy and sell as single women can In the trend of their affections, in the comple- Their wages belong to their husbands and they mentary cast of their minds, in identity of general cannot make a will. purpose, in mutuality of service, in all else that goes We place our women on pedestals by opposing to make marriage unity, these two were distinctly their higher education, debarring them from the one. Between them there was no mastership in learned professions and relegating them to the anything ; in everything there was interdependence kitchen and the nursery. There are but nine states on the basis of equality. Without him, her intel 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. lect might have stagnated ; without her, his genius Chicago, June 15, 1904. might have shriveled or soured. Te the Teaching Force of Chicago- Their life in the world was cast for many years Dear Friends : In time of great suffering and dis- among stones and brambles, but their life together tress, brought upon me by a serious accident, your was an unbroken story of marital unity. The place noble and thoughtful assistance was a great aid and in which they lived was invariably their home, their comfort to me. children were their cherished responsibilities, fidel- Even now, at the time of convalescence, when I ity to conscience was their solemn obligation, devel- cannot resume my school duties, your kind help opment of their intellectual powers in the service of enables me to continue without anxiety the period truth as they saw the truth was their inspiration and of rest needed for the restoration of my physical pleasure. In all this they were one in affections and and mental vigor. one in mind ; each supplemented the work of the For your generous, fraternal aid and sympathy I other in the promotion of their common purposes. wish to express to you all my most sincere, heart- It was no unusual thing for Henry George to tell felt gratitude. Most cordially yours, his friends that his wife was his best adviser and HELENE VON HOLLAND, critic. Nor was this an empty compliment. Into Beale School . all his books her best thought entered along with his, and in the weeding process her judgment was often Telephone Central 362. Auto. 3012 his court of final appeal. It was not alone as child- bearer and home-keeper that she was his helpmate. MISS EDNA HERRON Without neglecting any of the functions that are PUBLIC STENOGRAPHER distinctly those of wife and mother, neither did she attend to these exclusively and at the expense of Satisfactory work at moderate prices. ignoring those which while less distinctive are as- 1117 Unity Building - CHICAGO suredly among the functions of wifehood. She was his wife and he her husband in all the relations of their common life, from dining-room to library, from kitchen to lecture platform, from home-making to IF I CAN SUCCEED citizenship. inmaking clear to you what is meant by LOANS BY Yet each respected the individuality of the other. CORRESPONDENCE you will never borrow onany Neither admitted coercion into their marital scheme. In ne circumstances did either rank as inferior or other plan. Address E. B., Federation Bulletin, 437 Unity Bldg . By permission Igive this paperas my reference. superior. If they had lived in a state where all citizens may vote, one might have expected them to go arm-in-arm to the polls, and to come arm- in-arm away after having cast independent ballots, expres- sive of individual convictions, without dictation, and subject to no influence of either upon the other ex- cept that beneficent influence which flows from re- ciprocal confidence in a condition of actual and mu- UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF tually conscious equality. Their personal affection, though intense, was not alone in giving this character to their married life. THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO They were influenced also by convictions with refer- New Session October, 1904 ence to masculine and feminine functions of the University Professors, Courses, Methods, mind. Standards and Degrees. Not merely because she was his own wife did he exalt her judgment. While he realized that this gave it peculiar value to himself, his dominant University College should be supported thought sprang from a recognition of the superiority by Chicago teachers because: of feminine perceptions, and a belief that these per- 1. It provides the only available means ceptions are at their best when co-operating with masculine deliberation under the impulses of a happy of continuing and completing a college education. marriage. Responding to the same thought, she received from him as he from her. Their marriage 2. It is a philanthropic, not a business consequently grew into a type of those full-rounded enterprise and its endowment was provided in order to reduce the cost of tuition to marital unions of which the great world seldom teachers. hears but of which it is always full-those myriad unions of " sweet and patient souls who in narrow 3. It is a dignified, scholarly and quiet circles live radiant lives ." way of preparing for all examinations. 4. Completed work is credited at the University and provides a tangible and un- questionable evidence of one's studies. INCREASE OF MEMBERSHIP DUES . There is a very general desire on the part of CIRCULARS AND INFORMATION members of the Federation to increase the dues . Fine Arts Bldg . W. D. MacCLINTOCK, The matter will come up for action at the next 203 Michigan Ave. Dean. regular meeting, Oct. 15, 1904. CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 7 PIANO BUYERS Find Strong Temptation -IN- September Sale -OF- The Manufacturers Annual Clearing at the Kimball Warerooms Means Much for Enrichment of the Home Life. Extraordinary piano buying continues at the Manufacturers' Warerooms, 243 Wabash Ave., S..W. Corner Jackson Blvd. Besides being a powerful ap- peal to the money- saving motive, this sale includes many instruments of the highest type of the piano maker's art. Kimball Piarios are the product of a home factory. For years their praises have been sung by the world's masters in music. They are within reach of the purchaser of limited means, for they go directly from the great Kimball factories to the home. Unlimited resources of the producers enable them to give the purchaser possession of the instrument while making payment; hence the wisdom of many purchasers anticipating their wants by several months, for rarely do conditions bring such mighty inducements . FOR SEPTEMBER ONLY New Eastern Piano and Kimball Piano Player, regular price ............ $445 20 Rolls of Music, for operating the Player 20 Total ...... ... $465 Special Offer, complete . ......... ... $275 Easy Payments if Desired. W. W. KIMBALL CO. (ESTABLISHED 1857) Southwest Corner Wabash Ave. and Jackson Blvd. 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. Entrance direct to 2d floor from Madison street station of " L " Loop. CARSON PIRIE SCOTT & Co. Removed to S. E. Corner State and Madison Sts.-through to Wabash Av. The premises recently occupied by H. O. Selfridge & Co. and for many years by Schlesinger & Mayer. Our Bigger and Better Basement Salesroom Planned in its reorganization to take its place as the every-day shop- ping place for those seeking the less expensive grades of trustworthy merchandise. Just at this time the basement salesroom has attractions of double interest to offer. First there are all the fresh new stocks specially gathered for the inaugu- ration of our business in the new store, in themselves interesting to every exper- ienced shopper. Then there are the broken lines and odds and ends from the old store that have been sent to the new basement salesroom for quick selling, and all merchandise of this character has been priced far below the former conserva- tive valuations . The following items have been selected at random, Hundreds of other equally attractive values in all the stocks . White Saxony Flannels , 27 inches-part Towels-200 dozen extra value, all linen wool-our regular 25c quality, 10 pieces, while filling, size 20x40 inches, all white Hem Huck, they last, yd ...... ……… 19c each Outing Flannels-Regular price 12/cyd. , Travelers' Samples and Mended Gloves, 9c-light and dark colorings, in stripes and men's, women's and boys' heavy street gloves checks, especially good for night gowns, 39c yd ...... 9c Women's 2-Clasp German Lamb Gloves, Children's Sailor Hats of scratch feit, new and fresh, in all the desirable colors trimmed with bows and sashes of ribbons, ........ 50c ....... at 65c, 95c, $ 1.25 ......... $1.50 .. Women's Lisle Gloves ...... 25c 'Ready to Wear Hats from our own work- rooms, of velvet, felt and fancy cloths, trim- Bryson Pictures, framed in 14-in. neat gilt med with ribbons, fancy feathers, ornaments, frames, size 7x12, at ................... 25c etc. , at $2.75 to ..... $3.75 Fac-simile Water Colors, framed in a gilt Women's Dressing Sacques-all fleeced cloth frame, shadow-box effects, size 8x11, at . 39c -very attractive styles-all washable col- ors ........ 50c Curtain Swisses, formerly 20c, 15c, 12ąc, at, yard 12c , 10c and ....... 8c Crepe Kimono Gowns, with Persian silk Silkoline , that we sold at the old store at borders beautiful coloring-specially priced ............. $1.25 12tc, at, yard .......... ..... .... 8c 45-inch Navy Blue English Mohair Sicilians, A special lot of Odds and Ends of Jewelry. extra good value, yd ............... .. 5ớc The lot consists of novelty chains, brooches, stick pins, side combs, sash pins and dozen of New Line of Plain Panama Suitings, a good range of desirable shades-the correct fabric other useful items, choice ........ 15c for early fall-yd ......... 68c .. 2-oz. Jar Genuine Cream Marquise, Orange Table Linen Remnants-600 of them Flower skin food and Persian almond cream - 10c ... lengths 1 , 2, 22, 3 and 3½ yards. These Remnants can be purchased for about one- 3-lb. Bars La Perla Castile Soap in white fourth to one-third less than from the piece. and green ............. ....... 25c Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin YRADES Counc 100 Vol. 3. CHICAGO, SEPTEMBER 30, 1904. No. 33. THE NATURE STUDY PROBLEM . termined that the whole-souled association with na- ture should have been up to this time omitted from HOWARD MOORE, Hyde Park High School. the experiences supposed to be necessary in equip- ping the human animal for successful life ? Is na- In every problem involving the question of how ture study a superficial and half-silly fondling of to proceed there are always two parts-the purpose leaves, bugs, and birds' nests ? or is it something of the proceeding and the methods to be employed- more ? What are some of the advantages that the the end and the means. And the latter element is study of this world is calculated to yield to its in- subordinate to the former. It is necessary to know habitants ? The answering of such questions as clearly what is to be achieved, what we are up to, these tend to clarify the problem immensely and in order to determine the appropriate methods. should enter into the preface of the preparation of These two elements are often confounded, and much every teacher for this work. of the abortion in human affairs arises from the fact The next thing to do is to fall in love with Na- that means are so frequently allowed to usurp the ture. And to do this it is necessary only to know importance of the end. How often it is possible to Nature. The teacher should be illuminated. She find teachers so engrossed in the machinery of the should be stored with the understanding of Na- educational process as to lose sight entirely of the ture's ways, and with the knowledge of nature purpose for which this machinery exists-like men which men have accumulated as they have clam- who make money-getting an end, and who seek bered along the ages. To my mind it would be a wealth not for its services but for itself. This in- serious, if not mortal, mistake to devote the pri- cluding of the study of nature in the educational mary efforts of preparation to finding out how to concern is itself the result of a waking up to the present the subject of nature study to children . fact that we have gone to seed on means that the Asserting this is very much like saying that it is educational process is dealing too largely with the less important to be loaded than to know how to instruments for the acquisition and expression of go off. If one is full to overflowing of a subject knowledge, "the three Rs," and ignoring the real end and has the opportunity and inducement to run of education, which is a knowledge of the universe over, he will find ways of doing it. The inspira- in which we find ourselves . tion and illumination of the teacher is the primary The purpose of nature study is to get acquainted function of those who would help her to do well with nature, to understand the immeasurable mech- her task of inspiring and illumining the child. The anism of things in which we live and of which we first thing is to edify-to kindle fires. We may well form a part, so that we may control it and harmo- leave the rest to a subsequent place, if an individual nize with it. The child is the one to be introduced is once on fire. It is the nature of a conflagration to this world and the teacher is to perform the cere- to be contagious . mony. I do not mean that the matter of ways and means The great central fact which looms in the situa- should be omitted-not at all. It should be only tion is the fact that the teacher is unequipped for subordinated. It should not be enthroned-should her task. She is ignorant of three things. In the not be given a place that belongs logically to some- first place, she does not understand the nature of thing else. And it is of secondary importance sim- the change involved in shifting the educational em- ply because it is largely involved in the understand- phasis so as to include the study of nature, nor its ing of the subject itself. The teacher knows the significance, nor the causes which have led up to it. child-knows the extent of its knowledge, the Secondly, she is for the most part without scientific strength of its understanding, and the direction of training and is ignorant of the world she is called its tastes and tendencies. And any one of average upon to understand and explain. And, in the third pedagogical skill will be able, with no more help place, she does not know where nor how to take than is required in any other branch, to deliver her hold of the task-she is unaware of the wealth of message and adapt it to the child's powers of as- means lying unused all about her or are available similation. Another thing : If primary attention in by a little effort. the preparation be given to methods, the teacher A rational beginning in the preparation for na- will become an automaton, who can do what she is ture study work would seem to be to understand directed to do but with no spontaneity, who can what nature study is-and especially what it is not- echo more or less successfully but whose powers of how its incorporation in the curriculum has come initiative have been suspended by the ignorance of about, and its exceeding importance as a part of the her instructors. Freedom alone is life, both to the preparation of every being who would feel and act teacher and the child. This nature study movement intelligently. What historic antecedents have de- was massacred a few years ago right here in Chi- 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . cago by this very means. You cannot spend your Mary Agnes, Otis ; O'Connor, Laura, Peabody; O'Donnell, Margaret H. , Spry ; Pease, Leonora E., Peabody; Phelan, supremest efforts in detailing to any one how to do Catherine M., Newberry ; Potts, 'Catherine W., Mavor ; a thing without taking from him his individuality Ready, Alice T. , Scanlan ; Reeve, Fannie J. , Scammon ; and making of him a machine. Imitation always and Roberts, Helen F., McLaren ; Ropp, Mina H., Belding ; everywhere carries within its folds the essentials Rydstrom, om, M. Elizabeth, Darwin; Schaefer, Rosa L. , Ham- of Death . Make evident first the end to be achieved mond ; Scheiber, Catherine G., Monroe ; Schrage, Anna H., Chalmers ; Schroeder, Dorothea, Chase ; Schroll, Louise, and then give to the performer the means of achiev- Audubon ; Scully, Florence E., Irving Park; Stack, Mar- ing that end, and, with an outline of directions to garet M., Drummond ; Sullivan, Mary E., La Salle ; Sum- be filled in by himself, he will be best equipped for ner, Grace, Komensky ; Thompson, Agnes, Stowe ; Wasson, his task. Della (Brown) , Dante ; Waters, Mary, Emmet ; Willard, Florence B., Van Vlissingen ; Williams, Bessie C., Went- The campaign just beginning in behalf of the worth; Wilson, Ida M., Irving Park; Wolcott, Myra, Cal- study of nature in the schools of this city should be houn; Woodford, Mary M., Scanlan. planned, not for a year only, but for several years. That the Superintendent of Schools respectfully reports No one should expect a matter of so much impor- that he has accepted the resignations of teachers as shown on the attached list since the date of his last report : tance to be over in a twelve- month. If the teachers RESIGNATIONS . should not teach one thing in the line of natural science this year but acquired a clear understand- Abraham, Florence, Prescott ; Ackley, Mary Plimley, ing of what they are to do and inspiration and Madison; Anderson, Sallie J., Chase ; Applegate, Mary endowment sufficient to enable them to go to work Alice, Hammond ; Beatty, Mary, Graham; Beebe, Grant, effectively next year, the work would be magnifi- Medill; Bek, Cornelius F. , Mavor ; Bergen, Statia G. Roch- ford, Hedges ; Bogan, William J., Washington ; Cann, cently advanced. We are at the beginning. The Ethel H. , Emerson ; Carroll, Sarah A. F., Beale ; Clark, end is very different from what we have now and Maria, Nettelhorst ; Conner, W. H., Marshall ; Connors, from what the most of us see. Where we now Frances Graham, Wadsworth ; Dean, Margaret D., Burns ; have a little printed outline, and consternation Fischer, Anna Smith, Chalmers ; Flagg, Sarah O. , Tilden ; Flickinger, Lillian Cook, Avondale ; Gregory, Kate Mc- among the teachers at the task that has been im- Donald, Brentano ; Greene, Mizpah Z. S., Gladstone ; Gris- posed upon them, we shall have ultimately manuals wold, Marguerite S. (kindergarten) ; Hanstein, Lillie, and text-books and libraries and museum-laborato- Yates; Harrison, Clara B., Earle ; Hayman, Hannah E. ries in every school, and, moreover, perfect confi- Page , Irving ; Henderson, Alice W., Avondale ; Huscher, Charlotte J., Agassiz ; Inman, Amanda C. Seltman, La dence and delight on the part of the teachers in Salle; Jaeschke, Esther, Morris ; Jenisch, Aurelia Leopold, disseminating their new-found contagion. We are La Fayette; Johnson, Dora G. , Blaine ; Johnson, Mabel in the larval stage. How long we remain in this May, Drummond ; Kuntz , Mary C., Linne ; Lalor, Agnes stage depends on our intelligence. B. Schneider; Longenecker, Gertrude, Normal ; Lynch, Lil- lian A. , Earle ; Manning, Mary Watson, Phil Sheridan ; Morris , Clara W., Montefiore ; Murphy, Josephine A., Linne ; Newman, Eliza M., Whittier ; Plunkett, Margaret C., Ко- BOARD OF EDUCATION . mensky ; Plympton, Mary Blair, South Chicago High ; Poage, Gertrude Skelly, Pulaski ; Powell, Michael H. Goldsmith ; Pratt, Tillie R., Parental ; Prentiss, Matie M. , Wednesday, September 28 , 1904 . Komensky ; Preston, Maude A., Van Vlissingen; Rea, The committee on school management made the follow- Elizabeth E. , Longfellow; Riordan, Joanna M., Sherman ; ing recommendations : That the assignments and trans- Rowe, Josephine Sullivan, Haven ; Scanlan, Gertrude Mc- fers of teachers in the elementary schools, made by the Mahon, Carpenter ; Schindler, Louise, Phil Sheridan ; superintendent since his last report, be concurred in, as Libby Shaw, Viola Miksch, Wells Schramm, Emma I., Libby; follows : (kindergarten); Stow, Ellen, Fuller; Stryker, Richard H., ASSIGNMENTS. Chicago Lawn ; Thompson, Louise Kindig, Spencer; Toner, T. Joseph, Dewey; Wallace, Marion S., Spry ; Walker, Alabaster, Frances G., La Salle ; Albert, Augusta, Schil- Agnes Duck, Greeley ; Whipple, Susan, Drummond ; Wil- ler ; Arscott, Lucy, Columbus ; Bishop, Laura C., Spencer ; kinson, Abbiette Porter, Wentworth ; Wilson, Minnie S., Bloch, Sara, Von Humboldt ; Boomgarn, Mary H. , Ryer- Fulton ; Work, Elizabeth Morgan, Yale ; Yorke, Margaret son; Bourke, Mary A., Rogers ; Bowlby, Daisy; La Salle ; E. , Nash ; Zimmerman, Margaret B., Libby ; Zucker, Paul- Brennan, Cecilia M., Earle; Bridgam, Erna, Morse ; ine Gruenhut, Hamline. Bucholz, Laura M., Willard ; Buckley, Katharine A., Jirka ; That Mary Scott Axtell be elected head assistant of the Burke, Lillie A., Chase ; Burns, Dora M. , Chicago Lawn; Fuller School in place of Ellen Stowe, resigned. Cady, Jennie L., Hammond ; Cheney, Etta H., La Salle ; That Frederick J. Katz has completed his term of four Conner, Beth, Blaine ; Conroy, Lillian M. , Kosciusko ; months as substitute family instructor in the Parental Cowan, Margaret L. , Curtis ; Coyle, Kathryn B., Van Vlis- School. His services have been entirely satisfactory, and singen ; Cronin, Agnes Margaret, Tilton ; Crouch, Lola I., that he be elected as a regular family instructor at a salary Van Vlissingen ; Davis , Mary, Keith ; Earnist, Laura D., of seventy-five dollars per month with room and board, to Nixon ; Erzinger, Josephine H. , Von Humboldt ; Fahey, date from September 1 , 1904. Katharine I. , Franklin ; Fisher, Augustus R. , Spry ; Fitz- That Viola Deratt, formerly a teacher in the Englewood simmons , M. Elizabeth, Komensky ; Fitz Simons , Rose L. , High School and in the Chicago Normal School, be Montefiore ; Fletcher, Mary A. , Hammond ; Flynn, elccted teacher in the Robert A. Waller High School ; sal- Lilah, Linne ; Gaylord, Marion, Fulton ; Gere, Mary ary, first group, sixth year, $ 2,000 per annum, to date from B. , Libby; Hancock, Anna P., La Salle ; Han- September 5, 1904. son, Helen M.. Monroe ; Haubold, Emmy S., Bancroft ; That the following named former teachers in the public Hendricks, Edward R. , Monroe ; Himsel, Helene M., schools, who hold valid certificates, be placed on the list Stowe ; Howard, Sarah , La Fayette ; Howe, Alice, Mavor ; for appointment to positions in the elementary schools in Jager, Gunnell J., Mavor ; Kasa, Emily, Spry ; Keen, Hen- accordance with the rules : Hart, Corinne Irene; Ryan, ry F. , Monroe; Kelly, Emily F., Jirka ; Kelly, Mary A. , Alice M.; Thane, Agnes ; Wait, Emma Brown. Komensky ; Kelly, Rose C. T., Montefiore ; Kennedy, That in view of the recent horizontal increase of two Eleanor M. , Von Humboldt ; Kuhn, Julia M., Montefiore ; hundred dollars per year granted to household arts and Leonard, Julia F., Rogers; Liebenstein, Florence R., La manual training teachers, the rules of the Board of Educa- Salle ; Maxson, Wm. S., King ; McCredie, Emma M., Ко- tion be so amended as to provide that teachers of house- mensky : McDonald, Katherine A., Wells ; McGinnis, Net- hold arts shall teach the same hours as manual training tie, La Salle ; McKenney, Elsie H., Pullman ; McLean, Ma- teachers, that is to say, from 9 a. m. to 12 m. and from I tilda T. , Cummings ; Meaney, Mary H., Skinner ; Millen, p. m. to 4 p . m. Katherine B., Irving ; Moore, Alice, Fernwood ; Moran, That Jessie M. Strickland, who is forty-five years of Nellie M., Langland ; Muenter, Leone K., Manierre ; Mul- age, and a former teacher in the public schools, residing at len, Mary A. , Spry ; Murphy, Anna M. , Froebel ; Murphy. 206 Oakwood boulevard, be permitted to attend the Wen- Elesha R., Seward; Nielsen, Othilie K., Lawson ; O'Brien, dell Phillips High School. CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 3 That the teachers of the Wicker Park School be per- to make ourselves understood by them. The word mitted to place in the school hall a tablet in memory of "Internationalism" has been too often used by the Mrs. Agnes M. Brown, former principal of that school, great nations of the earth with the understanding who died on June 10, 1904. Recommendations concurred in. that the greater nations will ultimately grow still greater by enclosing within their own boundaries the smaller place. In our "Woman's Bund" there is no INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF WOMEN. “ LARGE,” no " SMALL," no “ RICH,” no " POOR,” no " NUMEROUS,” no “ SPARSELY Berlin , June , 1904. SETTLED," because it is a matter of no conse- (Excerpts From Address of the President, Mrs. quence how large or how small, how densely or how May Wright Sewall.) thinly populated a country is. Here in our Bund Woman feels herself called to play a larger role ; every nation has the same strength, each one has the same number of votes and, therefore, has each she feels in herself a greater responsibility, and as one the same opportunity to exert influence upon a preparation, everywhere she feels the need of the others. This is perhaps the only place yet cre- higher culture. In order to have the means to be ated in the entire world where the value of a nation able to follow out her ideas, she needs a free activ- does not depend upon the extent of its territory, ity in the industrial world. To gain such higher cul- neither upon the number of its inhabitants, neither upon its wealth. It must not be forgotten that this ture and such free activity everywhere, she needs an council is a democracy which includes within itself amendment of existing laws, so that laws may be all circles of society. Here may come ladies with made that will express her higher culture and her the greatest titles, but here they may not come on freer activity, and so that the changed laws which account of their title; here may come women of first gave her new opportunity and new freedom, the simplest social position, but here may they not come because of their simple social condition. If a will in turn be benefited by the application of her en- queen or a peasant sits in the executive of our coun- larged intelligence and of her industrial liberty to cil, she sits there neither as peasant nor as queen. * * * their further amendment. The ideal aim If they sit there at all, both must sit there as women is the unity of humanity. In every large country who work for humanity, who have consecrated their there is one great danger. This danger is that the talents, their time, their wealth or their poverty to the unity of humanity. In our own several coun- feeling for the village, for the city, or for the prov- tries we remain what we there are, and there we ince in which one lives, may be stronger than the shall be considered and measured according to the feeling for the entire country. Therefore, the in- customs and the laws of these several lands. But habitants of every country are, from their child- here, within the International Council we are in a hood, taught patriotism. Through patriotism, all new world-a world of labor where only conse- crated laborers have a place and where all such are the villages, all the cities all the provinces, are bound welcomed, only no one of them more warmly wel- together and just as soon as the boundaries of a land comed than the other, on account of her nationality, are larger than the patriotism of a people, at that on account of her race, on account of her religion, moment is the nation threatened by a deadly danger, on account of her social position; but where only because patriotism is really the life blood of a na- she is most welcome who will give us the best ex- tion. In our council, in which the different parts ample of truth, of integrity, of uprightness, of jus- tice, and of love for humanity. are entire nations, must we cultivate a feeling, that ✔ The great progress that we have made in courage in comparison with patriotism is even as much and in justice during the last five years is mani- larger and nobler than it, as the feeling of patriot- fested in this, that in the Congress which will follow ism is larger and nobler than the love for one's own this Council, no question will be excluded. In that village, one's own city, one's own province. Per- Congress political questions will be discussed as haps this feeling has not yet found its right name, fully and as freely as industrial, and on the same but until a better name shall be found, we must con- ground. Another proof that we feel stronger is shown in the fact that to the great propaganda of tinue to call this feeling "faith in the unity of hu- peace and of arbitration, there will probably be add- manity" ; and this love for the unity of humanity, ed two others only less important. Two important this belief in humanity's unity, must we all con- new propositions have already been made. One sider a love greater, more dazzling, more alluring, places upon our program the movement for the po- litical recognition of women. The other demands more sufficing to the heart, than the love of one's own land. of both sexes an equal responsibility for pure mor- ality. The first proposition, as you see, signifies This is the ideal side of our labor-to cultivate ev- suffrage for women under the same conditions as erywhere this feeling; to inoculate everyone with for men, in all countries where already a parliamen- whom we associate in every country with this con- tary government has been founded. The second viction that however different in its expression in signifies the same moral ideal for both sexes, and this last sentence does not imply that what up to different nations-in its heart humanity is one. This this time society has demanded of man, from this is the ideal side. The practical side is to express time on shall be also demanded from woman ; but, this love through sympathy, through admiration, on the contrary, that what society has required of through the esteem of others who are unlike our- the woman, shall from this time on also be required selves, and in a noble effort to understand them and from the man. 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION IN MEMORIAM. BULLETIN To the long roll call of the Foster School Mar- Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, garet McCollum responds no more, for her name Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, has been transcribed on a roll for higher service. December 23, 1901. Here among us on Friday, September 9, then ere THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of another school day dawned she had heard the "Well AprilandDecember, by the Chicago Teachers' Federation. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single done" summons of the Master, and gone on to the copies, Five Cents. ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received beyond. byTuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to Margaret McCollum was endowed by nature with the order of the Federation Bulletin. a fine mind which she had enriched by hard study THE EDITOR , 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO. and high thinking. She was retiring and not self- Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. assertive, but was ever ambitious to excel and will- ing to pay the price of excellence in earnest en- deavor and honest work. THE LIMITATIONS OF SYSTEM . She was quiet and unassuming, yet such confi- Recently the principal of one of the city schools dence was felt in her judgment and ability that she left the public school service to undertake the direc- was often chosen as our representative. tion of a business college. His work had been of As an instructor, Margaret McCollum needs no such a character that although he had taught in Chi- eulogy from me. The youth she has taught so well cago for only a few years, the Record-Herald at the are her highest praise, and best interpret her life- work. time of his resignation devoted an editorial to the subject, remarking in conclusion that for a man of Her home life was beautiful and unselfish, as a his originality and practical genius there was nat- well-beloved mother and sister, bereaved and lonely urally a wider scope outside of the public school in that desolated home, bear abundant testimony. system. This statement does not appear to have Sincere and genuine in character, she lived an attracted any notice; yet there is food for thought earnest, thoughtful life, but was genial and cheerful in the implied and apparently accepted belief that even while bearing burdens. there are men and methods too good for the peo- She will be missed and her loss deeply regretted ple's schools. It is a question that concerns Chi- in the Foster School, our valued co-worker and friend, Margaret McCollum . L. H. cago, whether the requirements of a large school system are a limitation upon the fullest development of genius in the science and the art of education, " SALARIES TOO LOW. " and whether there is any insurmountable reason why Under the above heading the St. Cloud Journal the system should be so limited. Press last week said that the salaries of teachers It seems necessary at times to recall the obvious were too low and that the best teachers were leaving fact that the system is perfected for the sake of the science and the art, as they are perfected for the the profession because they could make more money, in some other business . sake of the child. To determine the kind and the There are teachers in this county who will teach degree of administration which will serve this end is the problem of every school-room and of every an eight or nine months' term of school during the ensuing year, and will not be able to save as much school. It becomes a problem of increasing diffi- culty where there is question of many schools deal- from their year's work as the boy or girl who does ing with pupils of divers races and varying needs. farm or ordinary housework. The boy or girl who But these are the very conditions which furnish the spends four years in the high school is none too well richest material and make the strongest appeal to equipped for teaching. Normal training is an ad- the original thinker in the field of education. As a ditional expense. All this preparation takes time. matter of fact, many of the educators of this stamp After a teacher is fitted for the work there is no who are now employed in various kinds of private teaching are so employed because circumstances did end to the expense. She must be well dressed. not permit them to make in the broader field of their There are books, papers and supplies to be bought original choice the contribution which their genius and training schools and institutes to attend. enables them to make to the solving of the educa- In 1902 the average wage paid lady teachers in tional problem. Is not the life more than the meat, Minnesota was $33.14 per month. Teachers are the body more than the raiment ? Is there an irre- partly at fault for this condition of affairs. Too pressible conflict between the system and the edu- many will underbid other teachers in order to se- cator ? Must the vital forces be sacrificed to the machinery of education ? Or is there a reconciling cure a school. All other branches of labor and pro- fessions are organized and have fixed charges for truth behind the plea of Dr. Dewey for recognition services. In the teaching profession each teacher of the teacher in the counsels which shape the sys- tem ? Α. Μ. Μ . stands alone.-Alexandria Post-News (Minnesota) , Sept. 22, 1904 1 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. THE REAL QUESTIONS . THIRTY- FOURTH ANNUAL CONVENTION Of the Illinois Equal Suffrage Association, October 1 , (Editorial in New York Independent, Sept. 22. ) 1904 , Woman's Club Rooms , Fine Arts Building, 203-207 Michigan Ave. , Chicago, Illinois . The real questions do not figure largely in this MORNING SESSION --- 10 O'CLOCK. presidential campaign. They never do figure largely Address of Welcome ..... Mrs. Hart Rawson in a political campaign, except when some serious President of Chicago Political Equality League. danger is threatened, or some great hardship is felt Report of Rec. Sec... Mrs. Elizabeth Hawley Everett by a large part of the population. Report of Cor. Sec ........ Miss S. Grace Nicholes * * * Report of Treasurer .... Mrs. Mary Darrow Olson Appointment of Convention Committees. There are real questions that are confronting the American people, but the time to force a great fight President's Annual Address .... Rev. Kate Hughes Reports of Standing Committees . over them has not arrived. The public is interested Executive Committee ....... Mrs. Elmira Springer in them, it is studying them, it is slowly making up Medal Contest Work .... Mrs. Eva Munson Smith its mind upon them. One of these days there will Press Department ........... Mrs. Iva G. Wooden be a great contest over them, as there was over the Legislative Com..Mrs . Catherine Waugh McCulloch currency, and in an earlier time there was over the AFTERNOON SESSION --- 2 O'CLOCK. Election of Officers . issues of slavery and secession ; but when the con- test will come no one is wise enough to foretell. General Topic .... "Do Women Need the Ballot ?" Woman in the Home .... Mrs. Helen M. Hefferon All of these questions center about the funda- Pres . of Illinois Mothers' Congress . mental one : Are we henceforth to be a government The Professional Woman..Dr. Julia Holmes Smith of the people, for and by the people, or a govern- The Working Woman ...... Miss Ellen Lindstrom ment by the rich and powerful for the benefit of Sec. of Special Order of Garment Workers . privileged classes ? These questions were raised by Miss Steghagen, Sec. of Shoe Workers' Union. the radical elements of the Democratic party when The Business Woman ..... Mr. Bryan was first nominated. The platform was Miss Kate F. O'Connor, Rockford a misdirected protest against the money power. The Next Step ................. Rev. Anna Shaw EVENING SESSION--- 8 O'CLOCK. The real questions will be brought forward by the people when they begin to ask themselves Kenwood Institute , 40 E. 47th St. whether it is possible to maintain a government re- Music Selected publican in fact as in name under enormous cor- Legislative Work . porate organizations of increasing power. Is it pos- Mrs. Catharine Waugh McCulloch sible to permit the means of transportation and all Address ...... ............ Rev. Anna Shaw the natural resources of a continent to be owned and controlled by a few hundred corporations capital- WOMAN SUFFRAGE BILL. ized at hundreds of millions of dollars each, with- The bill printed below is similar in form to the tax-pay- out submitting to a government practically created ing woman suffrage bill presented to the last Legislature and controlled by these corporate interests ? Is po- and endorsed by the Illinois Federation of Women's Clubs and other leading women's organizations. This bill, how- litical sovereignty to reside in the people of the ever, omits the tax-paying qualification and includes the United States or is it to be an attribute of corporate names of a few more officials . A constitutional amend- wealth? ment would be needed to extend full suffrage rights to women. Neither party will raise these questions in the A BILL present political campaign. Both parties will keep For an act granting women the right to vote for Presiden- on "safe ground." There will be plenty of oratory, tial Electors and certain other officers, and to participate and vote in certain matters and elections . plenty of parading, plenty of spectacular color, SECTION I. Be it enacted by the people of the State of plenty of personal banter and abuse, but there will Illinois, represented in the General Assembly, That all be no serious contest over any vital matter. Mean- women, citizens of the United States above the age of 21 while, however, let us hope that the people will keep years, having resided in the state one year, in the county ninety days, and in the election district thirty days next pre- on thinking about concerns that the politicians dare ceding any election therein, shall be allowed to vote at not touch. The real campaign of education will go such election for Presidential Electors, Member of the on quietly, and one of these days the people will de- State Board of Equalization, Clerk of the Appellate Court, County Collector, County Surveyor, Members of Board of cide whether they will continue to rule themselves Assessors, Members of Board of Review, Sanitary District or will submit to the rule of the master captains of Trustees, and for all officers of cities, villages and towns industry and wealth. (except police magistrates) and upon all questions or prop- ositions submitted to a vote of the electors of such munici- palities or other political divisions of this state. SEC. 2. All such women may also vote for the following ANNOUNCEMENTS . township officers : Supervisor, town clerk, assessor, Col- lector and highway commissioner, and may also participate and vote in all annual and special town meetings in the township in which such election district shall be. INCREASE OF MEMBERSHIP DUES . Section 3 provides for separate ballots and ballot boxes and for registration. There is a very general desire on the part of This bill has been endorsed by the Chicago Woman's Club, Catholic Woman's League, Illinois Equal Suffrage members of the Federation to increase the dues. Association, Lake View Woman's Club, Neighborhood The matter will come up for action at the next House Woman's Club, Chicago Teachers' Federation, Maywood Woman's Club, Ella F. Young Club, Evanston regular meeting, Oct. 15, 1904. Woman's Club and Hull House Woman's Club. 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. BOARD OF EDUCATION . AN INTERESTING HEAP OF STONES . 1904-1905. CLAYTON MARK, President. Near the quaint old town of Concord, Mass. , in a EDWARD TILDEN, Vice President. clearing among the trees is a heap of stones. LEWIS , E. LARSON, Secretary. Nearly every one that visits the spot drops a stone D. R. CAMERON, among the pile, and it yearly grows larger and 73 Lake street .. .1905 larger. This rugged monument is a fitting memorial CLAYTON MARK, Twenty-sixth street and Blue Island avenue ...... 1905 to Henry Thoreau, the site of whose little hut it JOSEPH STOLZ, marks. He loved simplicity of life above all things 157 Forty- second place .. 1905 and delighted to be alone in the woods, with birds, GEO . W. CLAUSSENIUS , squirrels and other outdoor friends. He camped 93 Dearborn, street .... .1905 EDWIN F. ROWLAND , for months at a time in his rude cottage and there 226-228 La Salle street . 1906 wrote many of the beautiful thoughts that have done EDWARD TILDEN, so much toward awakening people to an apprecia- 5020 Woodlawn avenue . .1906 tion of nature. E. C. DUDLEY, 1619 Indiana avenue .. 1906 JAMES F. CHVATAL, 1593 West Twenty-second street . .1907 TO TEACHERS OLE A. THORP, 218 La Salle street ... .1907 LOANS BY A TEACHER GEORGE J. THOMPSON, At Live and Let Live Low Rates. 198 Madison street.... 1905 WLADYSLAW A. KUFLEWSKI, "First aid to the injured in pocket promptly rendered. " R. 1012, 103 State street .... .1905 CHARLES A. PLAMONDON, L. A. , Care of Federation Bulletin, 437 Unity Building. 63 South Clinton street .... 1907 JOHN C. FETZER, 215 Dearborn street . 1906 MICHAEL SHIELDS, 51 South Jefferson street ......... 1906 P. SHELLY O'RYAN, IF I CAN SUCCEED R. 1211 , 79 Dearborn street . 1906 THOMAS FITZGERALD , inmaking clear to you what ismeant byLOANS BY 4606 Union avenue .. 1905 CORRESPONDENCE you will never borrow onany R. A. WHITE, otherplan. Address E. B., Federation Bulletin, 437 UnityBldg. 6800 Perry avenue .... 1906 By permission Igive this paper as my reference. MRS . W. C. H. KEOUGH , R. 508, 84 La Salle street.... .1907 JOHN J. HAYES, 622 Jackson boulevard . 1907 GEORGE DUDDLESTON, 27-29 Market street.... 1907 C. A. WEIL, 704 Belmont avenue .. Regular meetings of the board are held on alternate Wednesday evenings. 1907 UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF REGULAR COMMITTEE MEETINGS . Meetings of the Committee on Buildings and Grounds THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO are held every Friday afternoon at half past 3 o'clock. New Session October, 1904 Meetings of the Committee on School Management on alternate Monday afternoons at 4 o'clock. University Professors, Courses, Methods, Meetings of the Committee on Finance on alternate Tuesday afternoons at 4 o'clock. Standards and Degrees. STANDING COMMITTEES FOR THE YEAR 1904-1905. University College should be supported SCHOOL MANAGEMENT. by Chicago teachers because: Mr. Cameron, chairman, Messrs. Claussenius, Dudley, 1. It provides the only available means Stolz, O'Ryan, Mrs. Keough and Mr. White. of continuing and completing a college Members Ex-Officio : The chairman of the Committee on Buildings and education. Grounds. 2. It is a philanthropic, not a business The chairman of the Committee on Finance. enterprise and its endowment was provided The president. in order to reduce the cost of tuition to BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS . teachers. Mr. Thorp, chairman, Messrs. Tilden, Thompson, Plamondon, Chvatal, Kuflewski, Hayes and Duddleston. 3. It is a dignified, scholarly and quiet Members Ex- Officio : way of preparing for all examinations. The chairman of the Committee on School Management. 4. Completed work is credited at the The chairman of the Committee on Finance. The president. University and provides a tangible and un- FINANCE . questionable evidence of one's studies. Mr. Fetzer, chairman, Messrs. Shields, Rowland, Fitz- gerald and Weil. Members Ex- Officio : CIRCULARS AND INFORMATION The chairman of the Committee on School Management. The chairman of the Committee on Buildings and Fine Arts Bildg. W. D. MacCLINTOCK, Grounds. 203 Michigan Ave. Dean. The president. CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. PIANO BUYERS Find Strong Temptation -IN- September Sale -OF- The Manufacturers Annual Clearing at the Kimball Warerooms Means Much for Enrichment of the Home Life. Extraordinary piano buying continues at the Manufacturers ' Warerooms, 243 Wabash Ave. , S. W. Corner Jackson Blvd. Besides being a powerful ap- peal to the money-saving motive, this sale includes many instruments of the highest type of the piano maker's art. Kimball Pianos are the product of a home factory. For years their praises have been sung by the world's masters in music. They are within reach of the purchaser of limited means, for they go directly from the great Kimball factories to the home. Unlimited resources of the producers enable them to give the purchaser possession of the instrument while making payment; hence the wisdom of many purchasers anticipating their wants by several months, for rarely do conditions bring such mighty inducements. FOR SEPTEMBER ONLY New Eastern Piano and Kimball Piano Player, regular price ........... $445 20 Rolls of Music, for operating the Player ... 20 Total ...... .. $465 Special Offer, complete. ......... ... $275 Easy Payments if Desired. W. W. KIMBALL CO. ( ESTABLISHED 1857) Southwest Corner Wabash Ave. and Jackson Blvd. 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. Entrance direct to 2d floor from Madison street station of " L " Loop . CARSON PIRIE SCOTT & Co. Removed to S. E. Corner State and Madison Sts.-through to Wabash Av. The premises recently occupied by H. O. Selfridge & Co. and for many years by Schlesinger & Mayer. Our Bigger and Better Basement Salesroom Planned in its reorganization to take its place as the every-day shop- ping place for those seeking the less expensive grades of trustworthy merchandise. Just at this time the basement salesroom has attractions of double interest to offer. First there are all the fresh new stocks specially gathered for the inaugu- ration of our business in the new store, in themselves interesting to every exper- ienced shopper. Then there are the broken lines and odds and ends from the old store that have been sent to the new basement salesroom for quick selling, and all merchandise of this character has been priced far below the former conserva- tive valuations. The following items have been selected at random, Hundreds of other equally attractive values in all the stocks. White Saxony Flannels, 27 inches-part Towels-200 dozen extra value, all linen wool-our regular 25c quality, 10 pieces, while filling, size 20x40 inches, all white Hem Huck, they last, yd ............... 19c each .. ..... ... 12c Outing Flannels-Regular price 12½c yd. , Travelers' Samples and Mended Gloves, 9c-light and dark colorings, in stripes and men's, women's and boys' heavy street gloves checks, especially good for night gowns, ..... 39c yd ......... 9c .. Women's 2-Clasp German Lamb Gloves, Children's Sailor Hats of scratch felt, new and fresh, in all the desirable colors trimmed with bows and sashes of ribbons, 50c .......... ........ at 65c, 95c, $1.25 .................... $1.50 Women's Lisle Gloves ............ 25c Ready to Wear Hats from our own work- rooms, of velvet, felt and fancy cloths, trim- Bryson Pictures, framed in 11-in. neat gilt med with ribbons, fancy feathers, ornaments, frames, size 7x12, at .........………………………… 25c etc. , at $2.75 to ........ $3.75 Fac-simile Water Colors, framed in a gilt Women's Dressing Sacques-all fleeced cloth frame, shadow-box effects, size 8x11, at . 39c -very attractive styles-all washable col- ors .....……… 50c ..... Curtain Swisses, formerly 20c, 15c, 12 c, at, yard 12c , 10c and ... 8c Crepe Kimono Gowns, with Persian silk Silkoline, that we sold at the old store at borders beautiful coloring-specially priced ............. ......... $1.25 12 c, at, yard ..... .... 8c 45-inch Navy Blue English Mohair Sicilians, A special lot of Odds and Ends of Jewelry. extra good value, yd ............. ... 58c The lot consists of novelty chains, brooches, stick pins, side combs, sash pins and dozen of New Line of Plain Panama Suitings, a good other useful items, choice ........ .. 15c range of desirable shades-the correct fabric for early fall-yd .................. .. 68c 2-oz. Jar Genuine Cream Marquise, Orange Table Linen Remnants-600 of them_ Flower skin food and Persian almond cream ... 10c lengths 12, 2, 22, 3 and 3½ yards. These Remnants can be purchased for about one- 3-lb. Bars La Perla Castile Soap in white fourth to one-third less than from the piece. and green ............... 25c Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin FRADES COUND100 Vol. 3. CHICAGO , OCTOBER 7, 1904. No. 34. LIMITATIONS OF THE SUPERINTENDENTS potic on the part of another. The autocracy of the AUTHORITY AND OF THE TEACHER'S office of the superintendent of a public-school sys- INDEPENDENCE . tem is necessary for the accomplishment of his pur- poses, but that despotism can be wielded with a Aaron Gove, Formerly Superintendent of Schools , gloved hand. A dangerous tendency exists toward Denver, Colo. usurpation by teachers, through organization, of Address Delivered before N. E. A. St. Louis , July 1 . powers which should be retained by the superin- tendent. An apparently growing feeling seems to In school administration a definite partition, posi- exist-in truth it does exist, especially in one of the tive and evident, must lie between the functions of large cities of the country-that the public-school the legislative and of the executive departments. system should be a democratic institution, and that While the superintendent of schools is permitted, the body of teachers consitute the democratic gov- and it is his duty, to participate in the councils of ernment. This is a false conception of true democ- the legislative department, his evident duty lies in racy. The truth is that the boards of education are the execution of the plans which have been inade the representative bodies of the democracy-the peo- as well by others as by himself. That part of the ple-for whom they are making laws, and to whom executive department of a school system which re- they are responsible for their acts. A democracy of lates to the teaching of pupils is vested primarily teachers for the purpose of controlling authoritative- in the superintendent ; the responsibility is his, and ly the many hundred lines of activity connected with theoretically the knowledge of the best method lies the administration of schools is as fatal to accom- with him. He obtains that knowledge not only by plishment as would be that of the patrolmen of the personal investigation, study, and observation, but police department of a great city to organize and quite as much by contact and by the advice of his give directions, according to their own will, to the associates. No man undertakes alone to frame a department in which they are placing their services. course of study, but seeks counsel, and urges his as- It seems to be along the line of action whereby, sociates in all grades and departments to give to him in the industrial interests of our country, trades the sum of their knowledges and experiences ob- unions are so active, and either helpful or harmful tained in the active performance of their duties. according to the temper of the organizations and The limitations of the superintendent's authority the wisdom of the chiefs of these organizations. are. or ought to be definitely stated in the formal Concerning neither administrative nor educational rules and regu'ations of the board of education. An policies can the teaching body be intrusted with final inspection of the many rules now in print, from all decision. sorts and conditions of school corporations, demon- People can be found who believe and speak and strates a notable unity of legislation in this respect. write that, as trades unions, in their authority over While the appellate privilege lies to the board in the the membership, modify the kind of work put out, instance of all cases concerning the adjustment of the amount of work done, saying to its members difficulties between schools and home, or teachers only so much effort shall be made each day. con- and principals, it is the superintendent's duty to trolling the organization as to the manner of the decide so far as to prevent if possible, the necessity work and the amount of wages paid, the number for an appeal to the legislative body. and kind of appointments, the tenure of position; The independence of a teacher is limited to that so ought the teachers of a school district similarly to part of his official life which depends upon ethical organize and act. relations. No independence can be, with regard to Is it possible that the members of the National the performance of an assigned duty. It is com- Educational Association, or a respectable minority, parable to the turning out of work by an industrial believe that a similar organization will be helpful to establishment, the performance of a task assigned the great interests for which they are spending their by the chief of police of a city, or communicated to lives ? Can it be possible that there are in the ranks a soldier while on duty. While a polite remon- of our profession-four hundred thousand of us to- strance must always be the privilege of a teacher, it day-men and women who are willing to be bound is understood that the decision lies only with that by rules and regulations and promises whereby they authority which is responsible for the accomplish- shall officially determine upon the merits one of the ment of the assignment. other; that no teacher can be emploved unless he The personal characteristics of the superintendent belongs to the organization; that he shall have just and his method of dealing with subordinates largely the wages that the organization directs and that, modify the character of the output. One has a right when necessary, he shall stop the machinery of pub- to conclude that only polite conduct shall be, but lic education in return for some real or fancied what is polite on the part of one authority is des- grievance ? 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. The people are represented in the administration superintendent and teacher have abundant limita- of a school system by a body of men and women tions. Complete confidence is an essential ; contest, whom they elect for that purpose. In that body conflict, suspicion, and strife are fatal. rests necessarily all effective power and direction. The teacher's independence, as mentioned in the That body selects an officer whose sole business is to title of this paper, is the independence of the free execute the plans prepared by the people through American citizen who has entered upon the per- their representatives, the board of education. The formance of a duty definitely and positively outlined instruments used for that execution, namely the at the outset. The purpose is defined at the com- teachers, are- furnished to this executive officer, who mencement ; the demand is that it be accomplished. is instructed to use them in the performance of his The teacher has independence and can have inde- duties, he having the knowledge and skill and abil- pendence like that of the man in the shoe factory ity to select given instruments for given purposes in who is told to-morrow morning to make a pair of order to obtain the results. No. 6 boots. The independence of that workman An organization of teachers for legislative pur- consists in the fact that he can sew four stitches in poses or for directive purposes is comparable to an a minute or forty, can work rapidly or slowly, as he organization on the line of the younger part of a chooses or as he is able ; but his dependence is that large family for the control of the parents' efforts. the boots must be made and made exactly, accord- I know such conditions do sometimes exist in do- ing to the order both in size and quality and execu- mestic affairs. It is not rare to find the sons and tion. daughters directing the affairs of the household in Under the present typical school organizations of opposition to the opinion of the parents. The fact the country, the limitations of the superintendent's of the existence of this condition occasionally, how- authority are necessarily loosely defined. A system ever, will scarcely justify us in commending it . has grown up of superintendents of schools with On the other hand, one cannot forget that the a corps of assistant superintendents of schools. Not amount of technical ability and intelligence embod- only the title of the office of " assistant superintend- ied in the teachers of a city school system is of a ent" is unfortunate, but it is quite out of place for scope far exceeding that of any one or group of an efficient organization. The better plan is that ones. This effective knowledge must be used; the but one superintendent of any enterprise be ap- schools will never be at their best while their policy pointed to office and intrusted with its duties. No represents only executive power, or even while they one official car do all the work which falls upon the represent the power of the legislative and executive duties of his office; he must have assistance. In department. But this counsel, this giving of advice older and weil-organized institutions but one head which is essential, is not to be given in a formal way exists . As many men and women as are needed through the orders and directions and laws and rules should be appointed and nominated school inspec- of an organized body like that of a trades union; tors. A great part of the actual labor connected but, on the other hand, it is to be given as the good with the superintendent's office is in the department daughter talks with the father and mother; as the of inspection. The superintendent of large interests kindly son participates in the counsels of the home. cannot be also an effective inspecting officer. He Practically it is to be given by frequent convoca- must call about him a corps of inspectors whose du- tions, experience meetings, advice, the result of per- ties should be to inspect and to report. sonal study and investigation ; not by dictatorial law. A notable illustration of what I am trying to say The dictation must come from the other end. is in the War Department of the nation. Those The superintendent of schools is given a route who are fairly familiar with that department of our along which to travel. At the various stations he government understand how emphatic and essential finds his associates doing an allotted duty. His is regarded the inspection of garrisons, posts, di- limitations require him to demand the result; that visions, battalions, and regiments. The command- is to say, the ultimate performance of the task. He ing officer at headquarters keeps in touch with all cannot and must not presume to interfere with the stations in his department by occasional personal in- manner of that performance ; he asks that when he spection, but frequent and detailed inspection is nec- reaches the end of the route his inspection shall have essary, and is performed by officers of the inspec- demonstrated that all the machinery is working, and tor-general's department . expects to discover that the methods of that work The time never was nor can be when a superin- have been materially modified according to the in- tendent of schools can efficiently perform his duties strumentalities of the performance. from his desk: but in every school district comes the No two minds approach a given subiect along the time when, owing to the increasing size, hours at same trail, although both reach the objective. No his desk are increased, and the superintendent's op- instructors train their charges in identical ways ; portunities to inspect grow less. He substitutes for and yet the results of that training are similar ; his original personal inspection that of a lieutenant never, however, identical. sent out. While we have grown to call this office The personal characteristics of the superintendent that of " assistant superintendent," I suggest that long associated with a school system are bound to that name be omitted hereafter in the titles of school be largely infused, injected, into that system ; and officials, and that one responsible directive power they ought to be. In the same way the positive called the superintendent's office be, as it is some- characteristics of the teacher are bound to be in- times now, practically the ultimatum in school af- fused into the little character which he has in his fairs. Some local and political embarrassments training; and it ought to be; for it is because of the would not exist as they do now, were the office of excellencies of these characteristics that superin- assistant superintendent unknown. tendent and teachers are engaged for the work. Then, again, the most valuable power, that which It is wicked to work at cross-purposes. Both deserves and must receive more compensation than CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 3 any other, is the directive power-the superintend- ANNOUNCEMENTS . ent -whether it be of a transportation company, or of a great industrial enterprise, or of schools. The expense of the office can be reduced by ap- CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION. pointing school inspectors-young men, growing The regular meeting of the Chicago Teachers' Federa- men, men in training for the office of superintend- tion will be held at 412 Masonic Temple, October 15, 1904. ent; but who can afford, while learning that busi- The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teachers' Feder- ness and growing up, to receive a part of their re- muneration in the value of the training. ation win meet Monday, October 17, at 4 p. m., in Room 437, Unity Bldg. The executive department of a school system of FLORENCE E. TENNERRY, thirty thousand pupils would be ideal with one Cor. Secretary. superintendent and four school inspectors who shall spend their entire time, as does the inspecting officer INCREASE OF MEMBERSHIP DUES. of the army, in reviewing and examining in detail every part of the enterprise and reporting promptly There is a very general desire on the part of and often, in a very careful way, what he finds ; and members of the Federation to increase the dues. in recommending, if the superintendent asks for The matter will come up for action at the next recommendation; if not, avoiding comment alto- regular meeting, Oct. 15, 1904. gether. Such an organization would remove, too, beyond cavil, and possible envies, jealousies, or discords that occasionally rise to the surface in some of our cities. Only the deaf and dumb We realize fully the general tendency of our fail to appreciate the country to organize men and women for the purpose of self-defense, self-protection, and frequently for offensive operation. In general terms, we call it the TELEPHONE conflict between labor and capital; in particular now-a-days. terms, we name on the one side "trusts, " on the other " unions." So general is this agitation, this inclination, this tendency, that, as has been inti Business Residence& 5 Cents and per day up. mated, it has reached the teachers of the country ; and in no pessimistic humor I am compelled to view CHICAGO TELEPHONE CO . this tendency with alarm. It is fraught with danger. 203 Washington Street. Some effort has been made in this paper to condemn teachers' trade unions. I am unable to approach this subject on a common plane of action; if it be indus- trial, it concerns artisans laboring under working contracts; if it be spiritual, it concerns the train- ing of intellects and souls in the love of patriotism and devotion to family and country, as well as for UNIVERSITY COLLEGE immortal life. If sordidness of our personal life, OF whereby most effort is gauged by the dollar to be returned for the effort, who can feel secure for the future of our nation ? The schools themselves are THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO modifying the courses of study, while the character New Session October, 1904 of the teacher and the purpose intended are those University Professors, Courses, Methods, which shall bring the greatest financial returns. The Standards and Degrees. boys and girls in the high school are surrounded by the environment of an idealism which is represented by the accumulation of great fortunes. An organ- University College should be supported ization of teachers is intended to increase rather than by Chicago teachers because: diminish that tendency. I place the subject before you, and would that I 1. It provides the only available means could portray as upon canvas the inevitable out- of continuing and completing a college education. come, should the school world descend to a lower plane of social life, where the measurements of life's 2. It is a philanthropic, not a business work cease to be honor, integrity, patriotism and enterprise and its endowment was provided in order to reduce the cost of tuition to love, and become that which represents acquisitive- ness, selfishness, and financial success at the expense teachers. of the neighbor; striving chiefly for a superiority of 3. It is a dignified, scholarly and quiet wealth over everybody, regardless of the truths of way of preparing for all examinations. ideal manhood. 4. Completed work is credited at the University and provides a tangible and un- questionable evidence of one's studies. IF I CAN SUCCEED inmaking clear to you what is meant by LOANS BY CIRCULARS AND INFORMATION CORRESPONDENCE you will never borrow on any otherplan. Address E. B., Federation Bulletin, 437 Unity Bldg. Fine Arts Bldg . W. D. MacCLINTOCK, By permission I give this paper as my reference. 203 Michigan Ave. Dean. 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION utterly irrational ; their knowledge is meager and one- sided and their best efforts worse than futile. If all our BULLETIN people who earnestly desire a good democratic system of Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, education, could be brought together in unity of effort no Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, power could withstand them. December 23, 1901. Towards the securing of unity, then, all our efforts THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the should be directed and, as a first step we must have the year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of April andDecember, by the Chicago Teachers ' Federation. free exchange of information, knowledge, and opinion THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single which is necessary to reconcile the different points of view. copies, Five Cents. ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received Daylight bright and clear must shine through all depart- by Tuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to ments of our school system ; oxygen active and strong the order of the Federation Bulletin. must circulate through its entire structure. THE EDITOR , The real trouble with the Chicago schools to-day is 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO. Phone Central $904. caused by the effort to use them for selfish private inter- Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. ests and the effort to make them subservient to the politi- cal machine. The protection of incompetent, inefficient teachers and employes, the crowding of rooms, the whole A BLOW FOR CHICAGO TEACHERS . text-book trouble and all other kindred evils, which call By One of Them. forth general criticism, and upon which the efforts of many zealous reformers are spent, are effects based upon and From "Wayside Tales" for October. growing out of the great fundamental evils. Tuesday, September 6, the doors of the public schools of Let us glance at some of the important developments Chicago swung open and the children of Chicago were in the public school question which have taken place in the gathered in from the streets; the mothers of Chicago gave last few years. About ten years ago there was a great a long drawn sigh of relief and turned with lightened interest in educational methods in Chicago. It had begun hearts to their fall sewing. Their highest maternal duty a number of years before in the movement which brought has been delegated to professionals and they rest, serenely Col. Parker, with all his high idealism and beneficent zeal, confident that their children will be cared for. to take charge of the Normal school; then under the con- trol of Cook county. This general interest brought many Our people look upon the public schools as the agency bright people into the public school system, notabiy Jo- which will form an intelligent citizenship by the unifica- sephine Locks, with her wealth of philosophy and power tion of all the widely different elements of our cosmopoli- and W. W. Speer, a pioneer and prophet of a new sys- tan population. tem of education. Ella F. Young, a Chicago principal "All our organizations," says Prof. Graham Taylor, who was an authority on pedagogy and a woman of the "churches, political parties, and societies, tend to divide highest menmal attainments, had been made superintendent our people into classes. It is only in the public schools of a district and the system possessed other bright lights. that the children of all classes meet and mingle in a unity These names certainly constituted an illustrious list . of interest and aim which truly operates to develop a com- mon American citizenship." About this time murmurs of discontent were heard upon all sides, rising no one knew where, and being directed We quote from memory and may not have used Prof. principally against the "tads" which had come in with Taylor's exact words, but such thoughts are expressed the new education and against political favoritism. These again and again. We hear on all sides, that the hope of murmurs finally concentrated and hurled themselves at the future of America is in her public schools. the head of Superintendent A. G. Lane. He was accused Unfortunately this hope is based upon general ignorance of "playing politics" and "we must have no pull in the of the school system, its workings, its organization and public schools." Mr. Lane was demoted in rank and its relation to the municipal system. The schools are fre- salary, being made district superintendent and in his place quently criticized, but criticism has been for the most part the board chose Dr. E. Benjamin Andrews who was said valueless because it has been based upon some narrow to have been dropped from the presidency of Brown Uni- personal experience and has not proceeded from a knowl- versity for his advocacy of free silver. This might be edge of the whole situation, nor has it pointed out any construed as constituting a "pull" with the democrats at unified, systematic, practical plan for betterment. that time, especially as some of the Chicago politicians A father, who is called to school by a note concerning were regarded as rather "doubtful" and were glad under his son's shortcomings feels that something is wrong. The the circumstances, to please the silver men. teacher doesn't understand the boy; she does not try to Even more significant was the fact that Dr. Andrews understand him; she is certainly incompetent and should was Dr. Harper's friend, and Dr. Harper was a member be removed. There are hundreds of her; they should all of the board of education. " Pull" is not always a matter be removed. The school is for the child. Why is not the of bribery. It is more often the result of personal ties and school system cleared at once of weak, incompetent teach- obligations, the " free-masonry" between those in "the ers ? On account of politics. " Pull" keeps the incompe- ring. " The average man regards it as all right when he tents in the system. On this logic our reformers start out is on the inside and wrong when he is not. with the slogan, "Banish pull from the schools." The general talk about educational reform led to the ap- A reformer run amuck is the greatest danger known pointment of "The Mayor's Educational Commission," of to our modern faulty social system. His volatile tempera- which Dr. Harper was elected chairman. This commis- ment, perverted view and unlimited egotism make him, sion recommended that a bill, which it had prepared, pro- even when sincere and honest, a ready tool for the crafty viding for many changes in the school system, be presented hand of a corrupt politician. The attitude of some of our to the legislature. The bill became known as the "Har- people, who could and should help the school situation, is per Bill," and was the first cause of a universally ex CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 5 pressed discontent at the close connection between the would have been a direct interference on the part of the University of Chicago and the board of education. state in the control by Chicago, of its educational system. "You needn't ask me to vote for that bili," said a mem- In fact some of those in favor of the bills argued that ber of the state legislature to a lobbyist. " I can smell the population of Chicago, being made up so largely of kerosene all over it." foreigners was not competent to judge as to what con- stituted the best education for American children. The Dr. Harper had spoken, upon numerous occasions, of placing of almost unlimited power in the hands of the his desire to bring the University of Chicago more closely superintendent would, so those who advocated it say, elim- in touch with the public schools, making the advances as inate politics from the schools and so prevent the protec- though conferring a great favor upon the public school tion of incompetent teachers by "pull." It would also, so system. He undoubtedly believed he was doing so as the they claimed, prevent the book companies from using the University of Chicago embodies his highest ideal; but schools as a means of collecting tribute from the people. it became evident that public opinion was not with the Of course they pre-supposed the appointment of a man doctor. entirely free from ties or affiliations which could develop At any rate the unity of the Chicago schools and the into "pull." Chicago University met a popular prejudice so strong that All these efforts at reconstructing the school system it became evident that no power, either directly or indi- have met with the organized opposition of a majority of rectly accountable to the people, could bring it about. the teaching force. So affairs shaped themselves for the coming of the Their largest organization, "The Chicago Teachers' Fed- "Harper Bill" which fixed the superintendent's term of eration," has steadfastly resisted efforts to bring about office at six years, and provided that the salary could not changes based upon what they consider a mistaken ideal. be reduced during that time. It placed in the superin- They have been very active for some years past, and no one tendent's hands full power in the appointment and dis- who is studying school conditions can afford to neglect missal of assistant superintendents, principals and teachers or ignore any movement in which so many teachers are and also full power in the choice of text-books and school interested. If there are two or more sides to these ques- materials and the planning of the course of study. This tions, the citizens owe it to themselves and to their chil- would give despotic power into the hands of a man com- dren to hear all sides . pletely protected from the consequences of his acts by the salary and tenure of office clause. [ Power to promote There was practically no organization among the teach- teachers and fix their grade in the salary schedule was also ers up to about ten years ago. Their first concerted work conferred on the superintendent by this bill. ] was their effort in behalf of the "Pension law," which was passed by the state legislature in 1895. This was followed There remained but to "catch your superintendent." If by an effort to secure better salaries and, in trying to make the influence back of the University of Chicago could this effort systematic, the Teachers' Federation was formed. name him, a great stop would have been taken in the or- Like all good movements, it originated in self-interest and ganization of the Standard Oil Trust; it would have em- developed, successively, through the stages of growth in braced the Chicago school system and paved the way to which it learned, first, that self-interest for the teachers establishing its control over the education of the American included the whole school system; second, that it in- youth. cluded the welfare of all workers ; third, that it can be We have not Dr. Harper's authority for the inferences promoted only by those forces which tend to promote the which we have drawn nor for the motives which we be- general betterment of social conditions. lieve to have prompted him in his conduct in relation to the public school question. We have based our deductions There are two careers open to any such organization. upon his well known connection with the Standard Oil It may compromise with the political and financial powers educational movement, his frequently reiterated wish for and accept in return, such small concessions as they may a close unity between that movement and the public school, deign to make ; or it may refuse to compromise upon any- thing less than the rights of the whole class it represents. his repeated efforts, both as president of the University The Teachers' Federation made a positive choice of ca- of Chicago and as member of the board of education, to reers when, in the spring of 1899, it chose Catherine Gog- place university students in the public schools, and the gin president. Miss Goggin is a broad-minded and capable constant shaping of events to that end. Dr. Harper is do- woman who has done much to shape the policy of the Federation since that date. ing a great work for organization, so is Mr. Rockefeller, but great organizations under private control are a menace During 1899 the movement for organization among the to republican institutions. teachers advanced rapidly. Although torn by internal strife, the federation led in the movement which defeated On the other hand, it would be strange if the great the Harper Bill; they then settled their internal strife by trusts which are organizing the social system should over- majority rule, and, as the year was going out, they took the first steps in their tax-work. look the important feature of education. They are not overlooking it. Their opposition to legislation against During the year, Dr. Harper left the board of education child-labor and the establishment of schools as a part of and Graham H. Harris, son-in-law to the late Jesse Spald- ing, then president of the Union Traction Co., and close great industrial systems are significant. personal friend to the mayor, was chosen president. One We have given a great deal of space to the discussion of the first steps taken by the teachers in their tax-work of the "Harper Bill" which might be regarded as a dead was to tell Mr. Harris of their intention. He expressed his sympathy and promised his support in a letter to the issue but it embodies the policy which is at the base of organization. the whole series of evils which threaten public control of the school system. It was defeated in 1899, but another Many public officials expressed a willingness to do all in their power to help the teachers; and yet when the effort was made in the spring of 1903 to force through the time came for facing the corporations, the teachers faced same provision in another bill, which was also defeated. them alone. They had aroused much general interest but These bills were popularly looked upon as undemocratic, such support as they received was the disorganized sup- not only because they placed great power in the hands of port of individuals. There was a good deal of surprise ex- pressed at the apathy of the Civic Federation. When it one man but because the passage of any such measures was discovered, later, that some of the most prominent 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. members of that organization were active tax dodgers by political influence, this constitutes the only evil which their apathy was better understood. these reformers can see. There are incompetent teachers, many of them. They are men and women who entered It is not possible to tell the whole story of the tax- the system with pure ideals, high hope and eager zeal. work in this article. The public is pretty familiar with They have been made incompetent by their contact with the general facts, The State Board of Equalization had the system. Let us examine the conditions, which have fought to the last ditch and, relying upon an extension of made these individuals nervous and irritable, or cold, hard time, had made no attempt to calculate the assessment and narrow, and changed hopeful, high-minded young which they were ordered by the court to make. They were people into cowardly, hypocritical seekers after patronage; caught between two fires, being commanded by Judge then let us ascertain in rebuilding the system, how many Thompson's writ of mandamus to make the assessment ofthese who constitute it as it now stands would respond and torbidden by Judge Grosscup's writ of injunction to to freer, better conditions. do so. As the last day approached they begged Judge Thompson to grant an extension of time but he answered We find no one willing to accept responsibility for the firmly: "Not one day, gentlemen." At the last day, Judge faults of the school system. The board of education is ap- Grosscup did not care to maintain his position. He was pointed by the mayor who claims to leave them entirely not ready to force the issue between the power of the free to act without personal or political influence. As an state courts and the federal court, so he withdrew his in- argument against an elected board, however, we are told junction. that it is far better that the members should be appointed Then it was that the members of the State Board of by the mayor, who thus becomes directly responsible responsible to Equalization were forced to come to I. T. Greenacre, the the people for the appointment of upright capable men. teachers' attorney, and ask for his help in making out The two points of view are a little inconsistent to say the the assessment. They did not know how to do it. It had least. If members of the board act from private rather never been done before. than public interest, if they protect their friends in the schools in spite of inefficiency or unworthy conduct, to The assessment was ready on time and about $600,000 whom shall the people go for an accounting ? has been paid to the city every year since 1900 as a result of the work of the federation. The writ of mandamus The following quotation from the Journal of Education, granted by Judge Thompson and upheld by the supreme published in Boston, asks Chicago a few questions : court of the state gave the amount of taxes due, upon the capital stock of the corporations as about $2,000,000. "One can but ask why Colonel Francis W. Parker was Judge Grosscup granted an injunction to the corporations alienated from the great work, the glorious work that he which prevented collection of about two-thirds of this had inspired? Why Ella F. Young is no longer breathing amount, and the city has never appealed the case. Such her intense personality into the public school system of an appeal, aside from the probabinty of its adding this Chicago ? Why Josephine C. Locke is no longer challeng- vast amount of tax-money to the public funds would be ing the admiration of the world to the artistic flavor of the valuable because of the question of jurisdiction involved. schools ? Why Mr. Speer is not kindling enthusiasm all Has Chicago home rule in taxation or have the federal along the line ? courts the deciding voice ? Year after year goes by but "I grant that it is easy to give childish reasons for the we hear nothing more of the case. diverting of each from his mission, easy to give stupid When the money won by this suit was paid into the reasons in each case, but the fact remains that there was treasury the firemen received the pay which they had lost a time when Chicago had more of the genius that thrills the previous spring on account of the poverty of the city. humanity with educational hope than all other American The school board received about $250,000, and the teachers cities combined, and she has succeeded somehow in elimi- asked that the amount be used in restoring the salaries nating every force that promised most for humanity in which had been taken from them illegally during that city. the year 1900. The board absolutely refused to consider "Chicago is the one American city that ought to have the claim of the teachers, who then obtained an injunc- the spirit of a Parker, a Mrs. Young, a Miss Locke, a tion which prevented the board from using the money Mr. Tomlins, a Mr. Speer, with all their disregard for claimed. This case was recently won by Judge Dunne's decision. According to this decision a teachers' salary traditions, kindling fires in pedagogy, in philosophy, in art, and in music. cannot be cut during the year after it has been fixed by the board for that year. The board has appealed the case "Illinois gave the nation Abraham Lincoln and Ulysses but the teachers are confident of victory in the higher S. Grant in the hour of her greatest need. Off the great courts. prairie alone could have come the unconventional force, the It is impossible to give here more than a brief outline of untraditional poise and alertness by which alone the Union the work of the teachers. To-day the Chicago Teachers' could be saved. But in the third of a century since, where Federation numbers nearly four thousand members. It have been her candidates for the presidency, for political maintains an office in the Unity Building. It pays salaries leadership, for statesmanlike grandeur? Why? Is it be- of two leaders, Miss Goggin and Miss Haley, who look cause she has perfected her political machine on the same out for the interests of the teachers; they employ a sten- lines as New York and Pennsylvania ?" ographer and conduct a newspaper, The Bulletin. They After due consideration of the whole complex system of are affiliated with the State Federation of Women's Clubs, the Federation of Labor and the Municipal Ownership public instruction we must bring ourselves back to the Delegate Convention. They are known for their activity simple question of the duty of each parent to his owr in all efforts to secure better conditions, to prevent child child. No one can delegate this sacred duty without pay- labor, to secure woman's suffrage and many practical ing a fearful penalty. The people must care for their movements for the betterment of social conditions. They children and to do this they must know their schools, their have worked discreetly, leaving the talking and public municipal organizations and the great forces which in- work to the leaders whom they have made independent fluence them as well as it is possible to know them. There of the school system and the politicians who are struggling must be no evasion of responsibility where the children are concerned. to control it. We may tolerate a colony of moral leprosy in our city Many different opinions are expressed regarding the slums ; we may sin against the courts and the ballot box, work of the organization. ization. Some citizens who had opposed and for all these crimes, we may atone in our own gen- the teachers in their work against the Harper Bill sup- eration; but when narrow, short-sighted greed reaches our ported them in the tax-work. Among these was Rev. R. public school system its blighting shadow falls forward A. White, pastor of the Stewart Avenue Universalist over the years into the future. We may sin against our Church, now a member of the board of education. After own day but we must not dare to send the people of the supporting the teachers in their tax-work he came for- future, unequipped and made degenerate by our crimes to ward in the spring of 1903 as an advocate of "one man tasks which we cannot measure, problems which we cannot power," so placing himself again upon the other side of solve and difficulties which we cannot estimate. the struggle. We would hesitate to say that Mr. White would willingly array himself against popular government The Chicago public school system belongs to the people but he is one of those reformers who fight effects instead of Chicago and they can and must control it if good, pure of causes. Incompetent teachers are kept in the schools American ideals are to live. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 7 PIANO BUYERS Find Strong Temptation -IN- September Sale -OF- The Manufacturers Annual Clearing at the Kimball Warerooms Means Much for Enrichment of the Home Life. Extraordinary piano buying continues at the Manufacturers' Warerooms, 243 Wabash Ave. , S. W. Corner Jackson Blvd. Besides being a powerful ap- peal to the money-saving motive, this sale includes many instruments of the highest type of the piano maker's art. Kimball Pianos are the product of a home factory. For years their praises have been sung by the world's masters inmusic. They are within reach of the purchaser of limited means, for they go directly from the great Kimball factories to the home. Unlimited resources of the producers enable them to give the purchaser possession of the instrument while making payment; hence the wisdom of many purchasers anticipating their wants by several months, for rarely do condit.ons bring such mighty inducements. FOR SEPTEMBER ONLY New Eastern Piano and Kimball Piano Player, regular price ... $445 20 Rolls of Music, for operating the Player .. ........ 20 Total .... $465 Special Offer, complete . ..... $275 Easy Payments if Desired. W. W. KIMBALL CO . (ESTABLISHED 1857) Southwest Corner Wabash Ave. and Jackson Blvd. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CARSON PIRIE SCOTT & CO. STATE AND MADISON STREETS -Building formerly occupied by H. A. Selfridge & Co. , andby Schlesinger & Mayer. Telephone, Private Exchange, 2. " We Find Everything Here Far Beyond Expectation" That was the unvarying comment of visitors during our Autumn Opening. Such emphatic approval of what we have accomplished, after only two weeks in the new location, is our war- rant for repeating: We have the Facilities, the Merchandise and the Prices to make this th · most satisfactory shopping place in Chicago. Every day, as the house organization settles into the new surroundings, brings improvement. THE BASEMENT STORE offers remarkable values every day. New goods at very low prices, Broken lines from the old store at sharp reductions from closing out sale price there. Interesting New Silks and Velvets. THE Burlingham and Burlingham sacking rough silksuitings, the daintyWarp Print pompadoureffectsand the broad tail velours, the warm rich colored mousseline and chiffon dress velvets, with the hundred or more other weaves, make an attractive collection that will repay a visit. Second F.oor Imported Satin Messaline -sheer beautiful quality-ahappypurchase of an importer's delayed shipment, enables us to offer 50 piece in a splendid assortment of colors, including white and ivory, at a sale price; a yard... $1.00 Shirt Waist Sulling Silks-Special new designs Mousse'ive Bengalines-An imported silk and | Plait Taffetas -Clan colorings as well as the in the small faconne on checks; 75c wool dress fabric ada fashin- 85c modet Frenchtones: lea lig val- weoffer unusual values at $1 and.. able one; desirable; all colors, yard ues-yard, $1.2 , $1.00 and... val. 85c Plain Louisines, Peau de Cygnes, Crepe de Chines, Taffetas-unequaled at 85c, 75c and 58c. BLACK SILKS VELVETS Weare generously proud of our new possession, the celebrated Mo'eskin, velour and br ad tail velvets for cloaks at low st "Moneybak." long wearing black dres silks. With the pur- prices. Mousseline chffon silk velvet , new browns. chase of each dress you o rry genuine silk insurance. $1.25 terra cotta, leather. $2.50. $2.00 and ... $1.50 Ay rd. $2.00, $1.50 and. Black paon and chiffon velvets from 1.00 85c black silk crepe de chines and taffetas, genuine bar- gains ..... 68c $5.00 Odd lot of all silk Lvons velvet , 85 00 qual ty , good color assort 75c imported black taffetas-special ment, many of the season's new shades, reduced ...... 58c to...... $2.50 Box Hoisery Sale: Prices Lower Than Ever. Importations for H. G. Selfridge & Co. to Be Disposed Of. THATtells the reasonwhyweare ina position to make thisarecord-breaking box hosierysale. Thousands of dozens of pairs ordered abroad for, and stamped with name of H. G. Selfridge & Co. came to us when we parchased this business. It is all new, desirable merchandise. But we desire to have on our shelves only the Eiftel brand hosiery. Hence these prices. First floor. WOMEN'S HOSE. MEN'S HOSE. Perbox, Reg. price, Perbox, Reg price. Per box, Reg.price, perpair. Sixpairs. perpair. Sixpairs. perpair. Six pairs. 2 c Black cotton doub'e sole or 250 Bl ck cotton, double, sole, heel and toes . $1.00 50c Black cotton, with linen sp iced double sole, heels and split sole... $ 100 toes $2.15 BeBlackchitonf double or split $ 1.25 35c Black lisle, fine gauge; black cotton, splat sole or white foot... $1.35 75c Black cotton, brilliant mer- ceviz d black gauze lisle or $2.50 4Cc Black cotton fine gauze. $ 1.50 b.ack cotton, extra heavy ...... 50c Back cotton. double sole, 40c Black lis'e or cotton, split sole and ribbed top.......... $1.65 $1.00 Black brilliant lisle or $4.00 60c Fine Egyptian, black cotton, 1.75 $ hand seamed. black cotton. 50c Black lisle thread; very fine or spit sole or white feet ...... $2.00 split sole, black co'to.very tine. $1.85 $1thread 25 Black ingrain lisle: four 75c plai" block flue cotton or outsize or ribbed tops........ or spit sole....... $5.00 mercerized. $2.50 Children's 35c linen knee hose, outwear all other kinds, 3 pairs for 75c. In the Basement Sto.c: Women's plainblack cotton, box of six pairs, 65c, 15c, $ 1, $1.15. Men's, 45c, 60c, 73c. Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin OTRADES COUNG 100 Vol. 3 . CHICAGO , OCTOBER 14, 1904. No. 35 BOARD OF EDUCATION . tary) ; Doran, Lura L., Scammon ; Doran, Nora F., Engle- wood ( elementary) ; Dougherty, Lillian F. , Washington ; Wednesday, Oct. 12 , 1904 . Doyle, Lucy M., Medill (elementary) ; Duffy, Agnes D., Burley ; Eberhart, Georgiana F., Jones ; Edwards, Jay C. , The following recommendations were made by the com- Phillips (high ) ; Eldridge, Ed C., Harrison ; Elliott, James mittee on School Management : M., Waller (high) ; Elliott, Josephine, Garfield ; Elliott, "That in accordance with authority given at the meet- Mary A. , Washington ; Erwin, Katherine, N. W. Division ing of the Board of Education on July 20, 1904, (page 29 of (elementary) ; Evans, Albert W., Phillips (high) ; Evans, proceedings ) , the assignments of evening school teachers as Sarah M., Scammon ; Fallon, Katherine, Harrison ; Fal- set forth in the attached list, be concurred in. " lon, Nellie L., Harrison ; Feely, Anne, Englewood ( elemen- Ackley, Grace L., Garfield; Adams, Kathryn E., Jirka ; tary) ; Feeney, Rose I. , Froebel ; Fetter, Hannah, Harri- Adams, Mary L., Jirka ; Ahern, Agnes G., Washington ; son: Ferguson, Helen E., Pullman ( elementary) ; Fincham , Allen, Clara Belle, Englewood ( elementary ) ; Allen, Geor- Helen, Hammond ; Fischer, Anna S. , Garfield ; Fitch, giana, Englewood ( elementary ) ; Allin, Josephine T. , Engle- Kenneth C., Scammon ; Fitzgerald, Charles F., Froebel; wood (high) ; Arnold, Florence M., Englewood ( elemen- Flanegin , Henry W. , Waller ( high ) ; Flanigan, Mary A. B. tary) ; Arnold, Minnie M., Burley: Ashleman, Laura Hendricks ; Flannery, Nellie T. Garfield ; Flansburg, Sadie, (Mrs.) , Scammon ; Ashley, George E. , Crane ( high ) ; South Chicago ( high ) ; Fleming , Maude M., Crane ( ele- Ayres, Lillian G., Crane ( elementary ) ; Backer, Ed C., Bur- mentary ) ; Fleming, Sarah A. , Medill ( elementary) ; Flynn, ley; Baer, Anna G., N. W. Division ( elementary) ; Baker, Oscar R., Phillips (high ) ; Foberg, J. A., Crane (high ) ; Ira C., Hamline ; Baker, Lillie S., Wells ; Barbour, Grace Foley, Helen A., Wells ; Foley, Nora I., Medill ( element- R. , Pullman ; Barnebe, Joseph, South Chicago (elemen- ary) : Forde, Anna T., Garfield ; Forsburg, Grace D., tary) ; Barry, Kathryn, Medill (elementary ) ; Beaver, A. Northwest Division ( elementary) ; Frederick, Oliver D .. H. , Austin (high) ; Beck, Louise, Franklin; Beers, George Northwest Division (high) : Freeark, Frederick A., Medill A. , Hamline ; Behr, Elizabeth M. , Harrison ; Bennett, Clara (high) ; Freund, Alice A., Scammon ; Friedman, Maxmil- C., Burr ; Beryson, Lilly L., Burr ; Beryson, Lillie L., lian M. , Burley : Friese, C. F., Crane ( high) ; Fuller, Eliza- Franklin; Birmingham, Katherine A., Jones ; Bishop, Mary beth, Medill (elementary) ; Fuller, Mary E., Medill (ele- B. , Franklin ; Black, William J., Englewood (high ) ; Bloch, mentary ) : Gage, Albert E., Medill (elementary) ; Gage, Ottilie M., Burley ; Bloomenthal, Rose W., N. W. Division William H., Burr : Galligher, Susie D., Washington ; Gas- (elementary) ; Boarini, Louis L., Waller ( high ) ; Boehm, ton, George H., Froebel ; Gateley, Teresa, Garfield: Gay- Nuritz W., Franklin ; Bolger, Ella B., McAllister ; Bonfield, lord, Marion, Haniline ; Gee, Etta Q., Burley; Gerlach, Ma- Anna R. , McAllister ; Boswell, Fred A. , Harrison ; Bour- bel, Jirka ; Gerlich, Frank J., Waller (high ) ; Gerty. Frank que, Ida M. , Jirka ; Bowen, W. J. K., Medill (high) ; Bow- K., Englewood ( elementary ) ; Gibbons, Elizabeth A., Froebel ; ers, Alice M. , Burr ; Bowling, Julia A., Pullman (elemen- Gillespie, John C. , Washington ; Gilmore, Celia M., Wells ; tary) ; Boyle, William A. , Crane ( high ) ; Boynton, Charles E., Waller (high ) ; Braddock, Helen A., Jirka; Brady, Gilmore, Emma C.. Medill ( elementary) ; Glasheen, Gretta, Murray J., Englewood (high ) ; Breen, Jennie J., Froebel ; Franklin; Golden, Mary E., Pullman ( elementary) ; Gold- Brennan, Mary A., Froebel ; Broderick, Norinne, Ham- stein, Theresa , Washington ; Gorrie, David. Crane ( high ) ; line ; Brown, Edgar T., N. W. Division ( high ) ; Brown, Gould, Ella S., Pullman ( elementary) ; Gould, Mary E., Ida M., Burr ; Brown, Jennie P., Garfield ; Burnap, Charles Phillips (elementary ) ; Green, Herbert J., Englewood E., N. W. Division ( high ) ; Burns , Elizabeth L., Medill ( high ) ; Groves , John E., Crane ( high ) ; Gunn, Katherine (elementary ) ; Butterfield, Belle A., Englewood ( elemen- E. , Pullman ( elementary ) ; Hackett, Mary A., Froebel ; tary) ; Butterworth, Laura E., Pullman ( high) ; Cah Cahill, Hadley, William A., Burley, transferred to Waller (high ) ; Anna E., Garfield ; Cameron, Edith, Waller ( high ) ; Hall, Avon S. , Englewood ( elementary) ; Hall, Myra. Mc- Campbell, Anna B., Garfield ; Campbell, Belle L., Allister: Halhiren, Flora E., Hamline : Hamilton, Elliott Garfield; Carpenter, D. Agnes, Franklin : Casey, Anna A.. Phillips ( elementary ) ; Hanafin, Katharine H. , Burley ; R. , Hammond ; Casey, Margaret B. , Garfield ; Cav- Hand, Edwin E., Phillips ( high) ; Haney, Ida B., Burr ; erley, Joanna H., Franklin ; Cermak, Joseph, Medill Hanlon, Harna T., Washington ; Hannon, Elizabeth M. , (high) ; Chase, Arthur, Crane (high) ; Chott, Bessie A., Washington ; Harley Theo. L., McAllister : Hart, Lillian, Smyth Garfield ; Clark, Anna M., Jirka ; Clark, Nora A. , Englewood ( elementary ) ; Hassett, Mary E., McAllister ; Crane (elementary ) ; Clarke, Alma C. , Hammond; Coch- Hauch, Jacob H., Wells ; Hayward, Susan M., Jirka : Hazle, rane, Martha, Garfield ; Cohan, Charles A. , Burr ; Collins, Maria F., Garfield : Hennen, Sarah M., Scammon ; Herrick, Frederica H., Wells ; Comstock, Walter H., Englewood Horace N. , Waller (high ) ; Henermann, Dora, Burley ; (high) ; Conners, Mame L., Jirka ; Conners, Theresa G., Hevenor, Matt J., Harrison ; Hill, Annie E., Waller (ele- Hendricks; Costello, Bessie F., Franklin ; Craig, William mentary ) : Hill, Jessie, Scammon ; Hoffacker, Howard, H. , Phillips ( high ) ; Crowe, Eva B., Harrison ; Crowley, Crane (high ) ; Hogge, Morgan G., Hendricks ; Holmes, Louise C., Jirka ; Cullen, Katherine M., Englewood (cle- Laura E., Harrison ; Howard, Blanche L., Hamline ; Hud- mentary) ; Cummings, Charles E. , Hamline; Cummings, son, Mary G. , Jones ; Huggard , Mary C., Waller ( element- Mary ary J. ( Mrs. ) , Franklin ; Cushing, Eleanor F., Ham- ary) ; Hughes, Carrie A. , Phillips (elementary) ; Hurley, mond; Dalton, Kate, Waller ( elementary ) ; Daly, Ella F., Mary L. , Franklin ; Hurt , Libbie E.. Hammond ; Hutchin- Hamline; Daly, Minnie E., Franklin ; Darneby, Mary М. , son, Alice J. , Burr ; Hutchinson, Josephine, Phillips (ele- Wells; Davey, Charles B., Crane (high ) ; Davey, Elizabeth, mentary ; Irons, Charles S., Washington ; Jacobson, John, Washington; Davis, Loretta P., Phillips ( elementary ) ; Hammond ; James, Emma M., Englewood ( high ) ; Jeffrey, Decker, Catherine A. , Franklin; Dedmond, Elizabeth, Hen- Robert G. , Hamline ; Johnson, Thomas C., Washington ; dricks; Del Banco, Miriam, Wells ; De Cilbiss, Jeannette, Jones, Abbie I., Garfield ; Jones, Lillian F., Garfield ; Joslin. Burley; Dibelka, Englewood (high) ; Dietz, Minnie A., Hettie J. , Crane (elementary ) ; Kambli , Minna, Waller Burr; Dignum, Jennie M., Franklin ; Dixon, Joseph A. , (elementary) ; Keegan, Statia P. , Hamline ; Keeler. Harry, Phillips (high) ; Dodge, Solon S., Burley ; Dolan, Agnes Englewood ( high) ; Kelly, Dennis W., Jr. , Wells ; Kendall, E., Garfield; Dalton, Mary B., Washington ; Donders, Char- Marian A. , Hammond : Kennedy, Helen E. , Garfield ; Ker- lotte (Mrs.) , Waller (high) ; Donecker, Franklin C., rigan, Anna J., Hamline ; Kilroy. Marguerite B., Garfield; Franklin; Donovan, Margaret V., Englewood (elemen- Kimball, Margaret H., Burley ; Kimmons, John H., Scam- mon; Kincaid, Frances Ellen, Hammond; Kingsley, Frank 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. W., Burr; Kinney, Arthur R., Froebel ; Knox, Emma Da- west Division ( high ) ; Shehan, Sanna C., Crane (element- viess, Hammond ; Kolloch, Maud M., Washington ; Kopp, ary) ; Sheehan, Mary E., Garfield ; Sheehy, Nellie T., Gar- William, Northwest Division ( high ) ; Kordt, Clara N., field; Sheehy, Rose M., Garfield; Sheffer, Mildred M., Franklin; Lacy, Anna, Englewood ( elementary ) ; Lamar, South Chicago (elementary ) ; Shirer, Seward S., Phillips Clyde P. , Jirka ; Lambe, Annie B., Jones ; Lane, Frederick ( high) ; Shoemaker, William H., Englewood (high) ; J. , Washington ; Larsen, Lena T., Northwest Division ( ele- Skelly, Mary E., Franklin ; Slingluff, O. May, Waller (ele- mentary ) ; Lawrence, Elizabeth R., Franklin ; Learned, mentary ) ; Smedley, Eva A., Franklin; Smiddy, Ellen M., Mary Ada, Waller ( elementary ) ; Lennon, Mary E., Engle- Jones; Smith, Belle, Garfield ; Smith, Edmund B., Hend- wood (elementary) ; Letzkuss, Elizabeth B., Phillips tele- ( ricks ; Sneed, M. Elizabeth, Jirka; Snively, Alice, ice, Phillips mentary ) ; Levy, Alexander, South Chicago (high) ; Lewis, (elementary) ; Soelke, Ida H., Burr ; Spoor, Agnes J., En- John L., South Chicago (high) ; Linane, Emma, Crane glewood ( elementary) ; Spray, Mabel R., Washington ; (elementary) ; Lockwood , Stephanie G., Phillips (high ) ; Stanton, Mary E., Garfield ; Stephens , Emma M., Scam- Loewenau, Ida B., Medill ( elementary ) ; Loftus, Agnes A., mon ; Stevens , - Harrison; Stodder, Ida Maria, En- Franklin; Loftus, Anna Margaret, Franklin ; Lordon, Mar- glewood ( elementary) ; Stone, Louise, Hamline ; Stritesky, garet H., Garfield ; Lynch, Jennie J. , Jirka ; Lynne, Frances John, Washington ; Stutisman, Ida E. , Washington ; Styles, E., Franklin ; Maher, Johanna A., Hamline ; Maher, Julia Agnes, Phillips ( elementary ) ; Sullivan, Anna G., Burr ; G., Garfield ; Maher, Kathryn V. , Washington ; Maloney, Sullivan, Elizabeth G., Garfield ; Sullivan, Francis P., Me- Katherine, Jirka ; Maloney, Rose A., Jirka ; Mann, Tahle- dill (elementary) ; Sullivan, Helen C., Garfield ; Sullivan, tha, Burley; Markey, Margaret J., Hamline ; Marks, Mary T., Washington ; Sulzer, Harriet, Burr ; Sumner, Charles Edward, Garfield ; Marmane, Mary J., Scammon ; Henry W. , Pullman ( elementary) ; Sumney, Effa Grace, Marshall, Mary E. , Jones ; Marshall, Mattie A., Waller Englewood ( elementary) ; Swanson, Jennie S., Waller (elementary) ; Martin, Gertrude E., Hamline ; Martin, ( elementary) ; Talbot, Mae V., Jirka ; Tanner, George W., Harriet A. , Hamline ; Mason, Ida L., Washington ; Mass- Northwest Division ( high ) ; Taylor, George T., Northwest lich , George B., Burr ; Mayo, Frank, South Chicago ( ele- Division ( elementary) ; Theiss , Mary, Jirka ; Toole, Sellie mentary) ; McCarthy, Florence A., Franklin ; McCartney, H., Medill ( clementary) ;; Toomey, Toomey, Rose A., McAllister; Margaret , Pullman (elementary ) ; McClelland, George B., Tower, Willis E., Englewood (high) ; Tuohy, Hannah L., Pullman ( elementary ) ; McClements, Annie, Burr ; Mc- Hammond ; Tuohy, Saide B., Jirka ; Twohig, Anna A. , Cracken, Frank J. , Harrison ; McCutcheon, Jane, Garfield ; Scammon ; Twohig, Mary E., Scammon ; Vognild, Enoch McDermut, Wilson E., Pullman ; McDonough, Josephine M. , Northwest Division ( high ) ; Vorsheim, Henry G. , E. , Burr ; McDowell, Jennie N., Jones ; McGrath , Mollie C., Englewood ( high) ; Wadleigh, Grace, Northwest Division Crane (elementary ) ; McGuire, Stella, Harrison ; McIlhon, (elementary) ; Walker, Ethel H., Northwest Division ( ele- Agnes V. , Waller ( elementary) ; McKinney, Winfield S., mentary) ; Wallenberg, Emily L., Jirka ; Ward, Della F., Englewood (high ) ; McLaughlin, Anna, Wells ; Maclean, Garfield : Ward, Anna A., Garfield ; Ward, Mae T., Gar- Ida M. , Franklin ; MacMahon, Mary E., Phillips ( element- field; Warnshuis, Minnie F. , Washington ; Waterman, ary) ; McMahon, Mary F. , Jirka ; McNicholas, Mary A., Richard, Burr ; Watson, Edith B., Burr ; Weber, Bertha M., Washington ; Meade, Marion J. , Waller ( elementary) ; Northwest Division ( elementary) ; Weigselbaum, Viola R., Merrick, Harry A., Northwest Division (high) ; Meyer, Burr; Weil, Julius, Pullman (elementary) ; Weisman, Mary William H., Crane ( high ) ; Miller, Erin C., Waller ( ele- A. , Medill (high ) ; Welch, Minian H., Burley ; Weldon, mentary) ; Miner, Imogene S., Wells ; Mohan, Mary A., Mary E. , Garfield ; Wells, Cherrill H., Hammond ; West, Northwest Division ( elementary ) ; Moore, Ada M., Froe- Cora M. , Harrison ; Westbrook, June, Jones ; Whelan, bel ; Moore, Charles R., Medill ( high ) ; Morris, Mary El- Helen M., Phillips (elementary ) ; White, John E., Crane len, Franklin; anklin; Mortimer, Anna A. , Washington; Moynihan, (high; White, White, Nan L., Hendricks; endricks White, Whi William Humphrey, J., Garfield; Mueller, Albert C., Burley; Muller, H., Phillips ( high ) ; Whitfield, Charles J., News- Julia C. , Northwest Division ( elementary) ; Murphy, Ag- boys' Home ; Whitney, Mary L., Washington ; Wig- nes,, Garfield; Murphy, Ella Margaret, Franklin ; Murphy, gins, Mary S., Phillips (high) ; Wildeman, Ed- Julia T. , Waller ( elementary ) ; Murray, David L. , Harri- ward, Pullman ( elementary ) ; Williams, Agatha, Garfield; son; Nichols, Josephine, Froebel ; Niestadt, Mary C., Williams, David B. , Pullman (high) ; Wilson, Cleopatra, Northwest Division (elementary ) ; Noonan, Mary, Garfield ; Garfield ; Wilson, Elizabeth K. C., Froebel ; Wilson, Ida Northcott, Frances M. , Washington ; Norton, Catherine, McC., Burley ; Wirick, Cassius M., Crane ( high ) ; Wol- Scammon ; O'Brien, Elizabeth A., Phillips (elementary) ; cott, Myra, Jirka ; Wood, Ella B., Wells ; Wood, William O'Brien , Margaret L. , Hammond ; O'Brien, Rose M., Mc- W. , Jirka ; Woods, Mary A., Hammond ; Wright. Mary E., Allister ; O'Connor, Catherine, McAllister ; O'Grady, Julia, Franklin ; Young, Mary A., Jirka ; Zapp, August E., Frank- Garfield ; O'Hayer, Rose, Froebel ; O'Neill, Teresa, Burr ; lin; Zeller, Pauline S., Northwest Division ( elementary ) ; Osborne, Alice M. , Froebel ; O'Toole, Winifred, Phillips Zmrhal, Jaroslav J., Wells. (elementary ) ; Papot, Benedict, Crane ( high ) ; Padden, That Harriet Smither has successfully completed the pre- Katherine A., McAllister ; Perry, Serepta A., Jirka ; Peters , scribed course at the Chicago Normal School for teachers Charles S. , Medill (high) ; Peters , Tyndal A., Northwest of manual training, and that she be awarded a partial cer- Division ( high) ; Peterson, Emma, Hammond; Peterson, tificate to teach manual training in the elementary schools Hans C., Crane (high ) ; Peterson, Peter Mary J., Froebel ; and a certificate showing completion of the Normal School Pfuderer, Virginia L., Waller (elementary ) ; Phelan, Anna course in manual training. E. , Franklin ; Phelps, Olive T., Phillips (elementary) ; That Jane J. McKeon, a former teacher, be placed on the Pilkington, Richard S. , Crane ( high ) ; Post, Harriet L., list for assignment, to be assigned to a position in the pub- Wells ; Powers, Nellie M., Hammond ; Pratt, Sarah F. , lic schools of Chicago. Crane ( elementary ) ; Prendergast, Amelia M. , Wells ; Pur- That the name of Marion Wingard Wold, a former cell, Minnie V., Medill (elementary ) ; Pyne, Catherine M., teacher, who holds a valid certificate, be placed on the list Washington ; Quealy, Margaret A., Wells ; Quinlivan, Mar- for appointment to a position in the elementary schools in garet, Froebel ; Quinn, Katherine, Franklin ; Raber, Edwin accordance with the rules. J. , Burr ; Rada, Rudolph C., Hammond ; Raefsnyder, Flor- That the teachers named on the attached list be placed on ence E., Scammon ; Raven, Albertine, Englewood ( ele- the unassigned list in accordance with the rules : mentary) ; Reed, Jane C., Burr ; Reilly, Margaret F., Gar- Unassigned List. field ; Reynolds, Azile B., Franklin ; Rice, Helen A., Phil- lips (high) ; Riddel, Charles L., Northwest Division Grace Pennoyer Bixel, Van Vlissingen; to date from (high) ; Riddell, William W., Franklin ; Riley, Mary A. , Sept. 5, 1904. Jirka: Riordan, Katherine A., Washington ; Ritchey, Sam- Florence Burns Blair, Hendricks ; to date from Sept. 6, 1904. uel E. , Crane ( elementary) ; Roberts, Walter W., South Valentine Bonfield, Dante ; to date from Sept. 3, 1904. Chicago (high ) ; Robin, Anna, Medill (elementary ) ; Rob- son, Mary, Hendricks ; Rogers , Mary E., Washington ; Ellen R. Carroll, Kinzie ; to date from March 1 , 1904. Ropp, Mina H. , Franklin ; Rose, Emily F., Burr ; Rowan, Anna F. Carter, Nash ; to date from Sept. 6, 1904. Mary A. , Garfield ; Ruarc, Carrie H., McAllister ; Ruff , Grace Chamberlin, Andersen; to date from Sept. 5, 1904. Herman C. , Medill ( clementary ) ; Ryar. Eleanor J. , Jirka ; Laura C. Cope, Harvard ; to date from Sept. 5, 1904. Sampson, Mabel M., Froebel ; Sauer, Emily F., Washing- Mabelle A. Costello, Ericsson ; to date from Sept. 3, ton; Schaefer. Harriet S., Hammond ; Scherbarth, Louise 1904. M. , Burr ; Schladweiler, Mary F., Washington ; Schneider, Regina M. Eger, McClellan ; to date from Sept. 6, 1904. Joseph. Medill (high ) ; Schoch, William, Crane (high ) ; Augustus R. Fischer, Spry; to date from Oct. 1, 1904. Schoenstedt, Carrie H., Jirka ; Scully, Florence E., Burr ; Eda D. Flagg, to date from Aug. 31, 1904. Seaman, Georgia A., Hendricks ; Shadbolt, Jessie, Franklin ; Kate M. Flanagan, Willard ; to date from Sept. 1, 1904. Shanley, Margaret, Scammon: Shannon, John A. , North- Alice Forkin, Wentworth; to date from Sept. 5, 1904. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 3 Minerva O. France, Jackson; to date from Sept. 6, 1904. ANNOUNCEMENTS . Sarah Fuller, Chicago Lawn ; to date from Sept. 6, 1904. Juliette Pribyl Geringer, Bismarck; to date from Aug. 23, 1904. Agnes J. Go Goodwillie, to date from Sept. 6, 1904. CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION . Flora M. Jewell, Howe ; to date from Sept. 2, 1904. Emma L. Kiebo, Wicker Park; to date from Sept. I , The regular meeting of the Chicago Teachers' Federa- 1904. tion will be held at 412 Masonic Temple, October 15, 1904. Clara A. Kruse, Wentworth; to date from Sept. 5, 1904. The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teachers' Feder- Minerva G. Linehan, Lawson ; to date from Sept. 6, 1904. ation will meet Monday, October 17, at 4 p. m., in Room Ottilie Louis, Prescott ; to date from Aug. 25, 1904. Katherine G. McIsaac, Stanley; to date from Sept. 6, 437, Unity Bldg. 1904. FLORENCE E. TENNERRY, Corinne Marcellus, Motley ; to date from July 2, 1904. Cor. Secretary. Elizabeth A. Marum, Healy ; to date from Sept. 5, 1904 . Lillie A. Mathie, Cummings ; to date from Sept. 3, 1904. Agnes M. D. O'Brien, Jenner ; to date from Sept. 7, 1904. INCREASE OF MEMBERSHIP DUES . Mary G. Quilty, Calhoun ; to date from Sept. 5, 1904. Elizabeth Daubach Remien, Sexton ; to date from Sept. 5, There is a very general desire on the part of 1904. members of the Federation to increase the dues. Harriet R. Smither, to date from Sept. 8,1904. The matter will come up for action at the next Bertha A. Stoffregen, Agassiz ; to date from Sept. 7, 1904. Laura C. Thompson, Curtis ; to date from Sept. 5, 1904. regular meeting, Oct. 15, 1904. Alicia Treanor, Curtis ; to date from Sept. 6, 1904. Margot Von Kamptz, to date from July 7, 1904. R. Mabel White, to date from Sept. 5, 1904. Anna Chambers Wilson, Revere ; to date from Sept. 5, Only the deaf and dumb 1904. That the Superintendent of Schools has received and ac- fail to appreciate the cepted the resignations of the teachers named on the at- tached list since the date of his last report, and recommends concurrence in his action : Anderson, Eva E., South Chicago High ; Bell, Charlotte TELEPHONE L., Dore ; Cox, Lena May, Yates ; Farley, Rose A., Hedges now-a-days. (head assistant) ; Goldstein, Florence, Jungman ; Grenell, Elsie P. , Brown ; Holder, Emily, Howe ; Huber, M. Susan, Nash; Nash M., ; Jones, Emma McCune, Sullivan ; Lutiger, Eleanor Burns ns;; Lehmann, Frieda A. Marlow, Peabody; Mal- Business Residence& 5 Cents and per day up . colmson, Grace C., Earle ; McDermott, Isabel I., Holden ; Miller, Nellie T., Pullman ; Smallwood, Mabel E., Medill CHICAGO TELEPHONE CO . High; Smith, L. C., Englewood High ; Taylor, Nellie F., 203 Washington Street. Columbus ; Trumbull, Laura, Hammond ; Warren, Polly Bishop, Cornell ; Fischer, Augustus R., Spry. Recommendations concurred in. Nov. 4 was named as " Charter Amendment day" and each teacher of seventh and eighth grades and all high school teachers were instructed to place information before the pupils relative to the proposed new charter for Chicago, the information to be received from the charter amendment committee, and literature on the subject to be furnished to pupils of all grades . Democracy CURZON'S CAUSTIC COMMENT . Lord Curzon, the usually genial viceroy of India and Social Ethics sometimes, when occasion seems to warrant, makes very cutting remarks. Some years ago, says the English railway official who tells the story, Lord Curzon came down from London by what was then the London, Chatham By JANE ADDAMS and Dover Railway, to address a political meeting at one of the Kent Coast resorts. Lord Curzon was in a hurry. The train made its 20 miles an hour Head of "Hull House," Chi- all right, but the future viceroy thought it the slow- cago; joint author of "Philan- est train on earth. He said so to the guard. That dignitary, as thropy and Social Progress." usual, took the remark as a personal insult. "If you don't like the speed of this train, mister," he said, "you can get out and walk ! " Lord Curzon was not crushed. Tart as vinegar Miss Addams' Settlement Work is known to all came his reply : who are interested in social amelioration and "I would, only they don't expect me till this train municipal conditions. As the title of her book gets in!" shows, it will be occupied with the reciprocal relations of ethical progress and the growth of IF I CAN SUCCEED democratic thought, sentiment and institutions. inmaking clear to you what is meant by LOANS BY CORRESPONDENCE you will never borrow onany otherplan. Address E. B., Federation Bulletin,437 Unity Bldg. $ 1.25 NET. Bypermission Igive this paperas reference. 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION It is an unpleasant awakening that comes to some of us in these simple facts . Public opinion is too strong to BULLETIN venture to oppose a policy of popular education, but not to silence complaint against attempts actually to educate . Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, "Let the masses learn to read and write, but not to think, " Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, is the educational creed of a growing class in our communi- December 23, 1901. ties. " They should not be educated above their station." Nothing so terrorizes the successful man as the unrest THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the among the children of the unsuccessful man. Yet ifdis- year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of April and December, by the Chicago Teachers ' Federation. content in his case spurred him to endeavor, it is hard THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single to see why it should not be praised as it spurs on an entire copies, Five Cents. ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received class. If a desire for larger opportunity, for the abolition byTuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. of such restraint as prevents the expression of a larger ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to life, and for a larger equalization of opportunity be dan- the order of the Federation Bulletin. gerous , then every public school in the land should be sup- THE EDITOR , pressed. The school teacher is then the most dangerous 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO . member of the community. As long as we educate people Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. we must be ready to see them dissatisfied with what they have. That, with the fear of the Lord, is the beginning of wisdom. It is also the beginning of a good many other DO WE DARE EDUCATE EVERYBODY? things. ** * You can educate the individual away from the masses, (From the World To-Day for October.) or you can educate the masses themselves . The former is With the coming of autumn the United States betakes it- the easier and, to most men's minds, the safer program. But it is not the best. A schoolhouse should be the place self to education. There is no town so poor that it will not where social equality and fraternity, and not mere fighting see its schoolhouse open and its boys and girls taking up power, are bred. It must create a democracy and not an again the routine of study. In the grade school, in the high oligarchy. Do we really want a democracy ? If not, let us close the schools ! school, in the college and in the university thousands of young people from all rånks of society will begin anew THE PERSONAL LIBERTY OF THE TEACHER. their preparation for the conduct of life. Nothing yields itself more readily to rhetoric, and noth- Wisconsin Journal of Education for October. ing is fraught with larger consequence to the republic. Why Whether or not the report is true, which declares that the should we educate everybody ? Why do we pour out school board of a Wisconsin city has issued an edict pro- money to educate our own and other people's children ? hibiting the public school teachers from attending card Is it that we may insure a race of cultured people ? That parties, theaters or other public amusements on any even- is what education at least the higher education-meant a ings of the week except Friday and Saturday, we are un- few years since. Beyond the rudiments of reading, writing able to say ; but no denial having been made to the same and arithmetic, boys and girls studied almost nothing that as it appeared in last month's Journal we feel safe in could be used after school. We taught them Latin which concluding that it at least bears the semblance of truth. they would never read ; algebra with which they would A few years ago a city in the northern part of the state made a similar regulation which ultimately resulted in the never calculate; physiology whose rules they would not ob- superintendent's dethronement. Some eastern cities have serve ; literature which they refused to read. Results were also had the audacity to thus encroach upon the personal unavoidable. The cultured classes were the well-to-do liberties of the teacher and it seems about time to "speak out in meetin ." classes. The poor had no share in what passed as edu- Through what process of reasoning or according to cation. * * * what law, human or Divine, does the school board of any community arrogate to itself the power of dictating what the teacher shall do or shall not do outside of the duties We are changing all this. We believe in the education pertaining to his work in the school ? Has that time come of the hands as well as of the mind. We believe that a to pass in the teaching profession when its members must boy should be taught to be useful as well as accomplished ; be hounded by sleuths both while on duty and off? Are that a girl should learn in school that which she does not they to have added to their present burdens of slaveship to need to forget in the home. Education is looking toward a fault-finding public, the proscription of those in authority regarding their private life also ? Woe be to the profession specialized efficiency. of teaching if this state of affairs must come to pass! * * * Every day sees self-respecting people leaving the work be- cause of their lack of freedom in the discharge of their Perhaps this is wise ; perhaps it is not wise. This is not public duties and now comes the school board and says : the question we would raise. That question is : Is America "Thus shalt thou do in thy private life." If going out after dark is immoral, there is redress in ready to face the consequences of this universal education the statutes which provide for the revoking of the for actual life ? Culture is essentially purposeless ; educa- license of the teacher guilty of immoral conduct ; if staying tion is purposeful. But to have a purpose means that a out late nights puts the teacher in bad condition for his generation is dissatisfied with its present. To arouse an work the next morning, there are plenty of people in au- ambition in a generation and to attempt to give that gen- thority to discover the fact and see that he is discharged for incompetency ; possibly, it sets a bad example to the eration larger self-control is also to arouse in it discontent. children-then , fond parents, stay home with your chil- An educated people can never be content to be contented. dren nights, and your own and the teachers' bad examples will not affect them. Individuals may be indifferent, but a society will be in- It will take only a few more such unreasonable regula- tent. And with this discontent comes a desire to change, tions when the people of this land will face a worse condi- to improve, to equalize one's lot with that of another ; to tion of affairs than the capitalist ever had to contend with. We are not advocating "unionism" in the ranks of the increase one's own privileges, and to deprive another of teachers, but merely throwing out the hint that by and by, those which seem unjustly his. No wonder some countries as it happened in the ranks of labor, the last straw will be have been so much in terror of popular education. The placed which will break the humbleness of the teacher and privileged class preferred an ignorant under class that cause him to rise in righteous indignation against that body of unreasonable people who would deprive him of his was content, to an educated proletariat that was ambitious . personal liberty-that dearest of all rights guaranteed by If education is an enemy of superstition, it is also the our constitution, upheld by our courts, and fought for upon leaven of equality. the bloody fields of battle. ! CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 5 MEETING OF THE ILLINOIS EQUAL say that we have no person registered with us who is at SUF- the present time receiving less than $50 a month. A Nor- FRAGE ASSOCIATION. mal or University trained teacher who has had successful The meeting of the Illinois Equal Suffrage Association experience can command all the way from $50 to $75 a on Saturday, October I, was especially interesting because month in the smaller high schools." of the presence of Miss Anthony. The women rose as she Some of the most ridiculous propositions are received entered, greeting her with grace as well as with enthusiasm . at our office of which the above is only a mild example. Miss Anthony's years deal gently with her. Her step is The pomposity with which some people write us "to send firm, her kindly face still sensitive and alert, her voice soft- a list of available candidates at $40 per month " would ened perhaps to gentler tones, but retaining the wholesome lead the ordinary mortal to believe that teachers are ring that brings out strong truths with directness, convic- crawling on their hands and knees to school boards. Not tion and common sense. Miss Anthony spoke briefly of a bit of it ! There is a scarcity of teachers to-day-that is, the growth of the movement, and once took part in the good ones and no man or woman in the work, who is discussion. fitted for it, need accept a position at such starvation wages Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt, also a guest of the associa- as indicated in the letter quoted. tion for the day, spoke chiefly of the woman suffrage As a matter of fact the teacher is every day assuming movement abroad. She and Miss Anthony having recent- his manhood and standing upon his rights as a freeborn ly returned from the congress at Berlin. citizen. The shoe is being shifted to the other foot. The speakers of the day were Mrs. Hefferon, of the Usually the school officer looks carefully into the character, Mothers' Congress ; Miss Brehm, of the W. C. T. U.; Dr. ability, personal appearance and temperament of the appli- Julia Holmes Smith, who spoke for women in the profes- cant and finally says, "Well, you may do, come on." We sion; Miss Ellen Lindstrom, of the Federation of Labor ; are glad to note that this procedure has been reversed in Miss Kate F. O'Connor, of Rockford, and the Rev. Anna many instances during the last summer. Teachers have Shaw. been offered positions and on looking up the character, etc., Miss Lindstrom urged a united effort of the suffrage as- of the " officer," have withdrawn on the grounds that he sociations and the labor organizations. She argued that was not competent. Why not ? This one sided business of the women who need the ballot most are those who have having all the investigation done by "the party of the first not the leisure to organize for it. Her remarks were re- part" is wrong. There must be at least two parties to ceived with applause, and followed by some discussion, and every contract, and each has a right to use his own best a motion that steps be taken to bring the two movements judgment as to whether or not he wishes to deal with the into closer relation. other. Miss O'Connor, representing the business woman, spoke Arrogance and uppishness are not to be encouraged ; also for those who are too busy to agitate. She said the "swell-heads" are not necessary ; but a straight business woman who does a good day's work makes the best argu- deal, carefully thought over by both parties, is the only ment that has ever been made for her right to vote. She equitable way in which a contract can be entered into with- acknowledged the debt to Miss Anthony of every woman out injustice to either party. Wisconsin Journal of Educa- who has to earn her living. She then drew from her own tion for October. experience in business and probate law a number of pointed instances of the absurdity of leaving woman a minor be- ALTON'S APPOINTIVE SCHOOL BOARD AND fore the law. She herself, she said, had had the pleasure TEACHERS' SALARIES . of breaking in three new county clerks, but being ineligible for any office higher than that of deputy she finally re- Alton is now one of the three cities of Illinois in which nounced this privilege and went into business for herself. the school board is not elected. Here we have the old Of the woman in business Miss O'Connor said she can suc- system of appointment by the mayor, thus giving one man ceed if she goes into it expecting no concessions. She complete control of our school board, although Belleville, is hampered by prejudice and she herself sometimes caters East St. Louis, Edwardsville, Jerseyville and all the towns to prejudice by expecting in business what is ordinarily about us have long since abandoned this method and permit known as chivalry from men. "There is something higher the people to select their own members of the school board than this," says Miss O'Connor. "The respect upon which at the polls . When this is done the welfare of the teachers chivalry is based. And when a woman gives a man a will be the first consideration ; their salaries will receive square deal she gets it ." immediate attention and the schedule will be arranged upon The Rev. Anna Shaw called the attention of the meeting a basis somewhat different from that it occupies to- day. It to the wording of the bill before congress admitting the ter- is about time that Alton was paying the teachers a salary ritories of New Mexico, Oklahoma and Arizona to state- more in keeping with their worth ; our people are taxed hood, which debars from the suffrage only for " crime, sufficiently for the purpose and perhaps if these educators pauperism and sex." had an organization to speak for them or if the members At the request of the body Miss Margaret A. Haley ad- of the board were directly accountable to the people for dressed the morning session on the subject of the initiative their acts, there would be a different story to tell here. But and the referendum. Many teachers attended the sessions. a change will come ; there has been an increase in salary and wages in all branches of industry and it is about time that a corresponding increase was being made in the THE SALARY QUESTION . compensation awarded our educators. Those who take This is from the clerk of a school board. advantage of the free school system to educate their chil- "We are in need of an Assistant Princ. in the dren at public expense should at least see that those who are intrusted with the welfare of their little ones receive High School Salary Thirty Five Dollars begin work about Sept. 5 Length of school nine mo. We want a Normal some such recompense as their merit demands. And this or University Graduate that has had some experience." is not done in Alton; the objection to the increase comes And this is our answer : mainly from those who have enjoyed every advantage "Replying to your valued inquiry of June 28th for an which the free school affords. Alton Daily Sentinel, Oct. assistant in your high school, $35 a month, permit me to 4, 1904. 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. EDUCATIONAL IDEAS OF THE NINETEENTH Practically the same thing is true in the professions. Except as a counselor the old lawyer is not in demand. CENTURY . The churches are calling for young ministers, and the schools give preference to young teachers. When a man By Rt. Rev. John Spalding, Bishop of Peoria. reaches the age of fifty he is supposed to have crossed the dead line. Abstract of address before the education section of the It is a strange commentary on our modern civilization International Congress of Arts and Science held in St. that while medical science is bending every energy to pro- Louis, Scpt. 19 to 25. long the span of human life to people the world with old men-the tendency of our economic system is to drive them The history of the development of a people or age is the ont of business to make them a charge upon the world, history of its education. During the last century mankind which is said to owe every man a living. grew more than in the whole past. In our hands a key Here is a question for political economists to digest, has been placed that from the beginning shut man out from if possible, for the benefit of the coming generation : What shall the world do with its old men ?-Chicago Jour- the treasure house. Sense of the need of education came nal, Oct. 8. with the knowledge that the world would be governed more and more by the popular will. The pagan ideal was aristocratic. It considered but a class and not hu- WHERE IS A WOMAN'S HOME? manity. Christ was the first humanitarian. All men should have access, he taught, to the rights of liberty. The In declining to publish suffrage articles a Kentucky edi- past still keeps us company. We do not owe to the nine- tor says : teenth century the alphabet, printing, gunpowder, the dis- "We believe that the dear women can do a greater covery of America, or the steam engine. It could not good for our land in the home than at the ballot box. have flourished at all if its roots were not stuck deep in Therefore we cannot consistently use your articles." the past. It was an era in which mankind came to fuller If casting a ballot interfered with a woman's duty to her self-consciousness. Men became aware of the applicability home, this gentleman would be quite right in his refusal of the forces which they had discovered. It was an epoch to help suffrage cause by publishing suffrage matter. But in which the human mind was stirred to greater act- if he will answer the question, " Where or what is a ivity. What had been achieved was but the victory of woman's home ?" he will see that the care of her home is a mind over matter. duty no woman can wholly perform unless she has the right to go to the ballot box as a citizen and cast a They are mockers who talk of a brotherhood of men and leave some of them ignorant. Work is a blessing, ballot. but to be condemned to work ignorantly and stupidly is Home is something more than the house in which a degradation. All genuine popular movements are inspired woman lives, the one- story frame cottage or the two-story by sympathy. Where the masses are allowed to remain brick mansion, where she sweeps, dusts, sews, cooks and ignorant tyranny is inevitable. Public opinion turned to- rocks the cradle. The town or city in which a woman ward the establishment of free schools . The teacher's lives is her home. The municipal government of the profession had evolved into a learned profession. He is town concerns her and her children as deeply as it concerns no longer a pedagog. Men have come to know that the any man. The state in which she lives is also her home, teacher is the school. He who for ages had been a slave and every affair of state is as much her affair as the darn- came to be the honored among men. The first requisite ing of the children's stockings or the sewing on the family is to be a fair, brave man or woman. Since the end of buttons. education is the acquirement of wisdom, much depends on The country in which a woman lives is also her home. the teacher. Education is a universal right. The great- To every American woman " America" means "Home," and est minds of the nineteenth century gave their best thought national affairs ought to interest her quite as much as the to education. Obedience is a virtue only when it is en- latest fashions in shirtwaists or hats. lightened and free. Faith in education gave the same There are three hundred and sixty-five days in a year, rights to women and men . In nothing is the present age and with this time at her disposal a woman who under- more superior to all others than in the education of its stands her duty can attend to the affairs of the house in women. Germans were leaders in developing educational which she lives and at the same time play a citizen's part ideas, but the Americans were first to perceive that there in the management of her larger home, her city, her state, can not be a free and fair-minded people when the women her country. LIDA CALVERT OBENCHAIN. are not free and fair-minded. In the family the father is the head, the mother the heart. Right education is a sovereign thing. Its greatest power shall be shown in giving women a better outlook.-School Journal, New WOMEN MOURN SENATOR HOAR. York. The following resolution was adopted by the General Of- cers of the National American Woman Suffrage Associa- WHEN OLD AGE COMES CREEPING ON. tion, at their recent business meeting in Warren, O.: What the country shall do with its ex-presidents is not "That in the death of United States Senator George F. nearly so vital a problem as what it shall do with its old Hoar the woman suffrage cause has lost one of its noblest, men. most scholarly and most eloquent champions; and that his According to the new gospel of business economics a fearless advocacy of this reform, throughout his long and man is "old" at fifty. That is to say, he can no longer illustrious public life, entitles him to the undying gratitude remain an integral part of the industrial machine. of women.- Woman's Journal, Oct. 8. Young men are in demand everywhere. Old men are in demand nowhere. The commercialism of the age feeds " Ye Merry Tunes for Ye Modern Lads and Lasses," is upon young blood and rejects everything else. a little book which will be very useful to teachers. It has Most of the railroads have placed an age limit upon been arranged by Harry Carleton Eldridge and many of their pay roll account. It is a tacit rule that no man the songs are his compositions. The new songs are bright over forty-five years of age shall be employed, even at and pleasing and in addition to them the book contains clerical work. the old songs which one is always wishing to find. The One of the great steel companies of the country, em- collection includes a variety of songs ranging in difficulty ploying thousands of men, recently adopted a rule that from the simple songs for small people to quartette arrange- in certain departments requiring expert knowledge and ments of the good old songs. skill no man over thirty-five years of age should be given "Ye Merry Tunes for Ye Modern Lads and Lasses," by employment. Other large industries are following a simi- Harry Carleton Eldridge. Published by March Brothers, larpolicy. Lebanon, Ohio. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 7 PIANO BUYERS Find Strong Temptation -IN- October Sale -OF- The Manufacturers Annual Clearing at the Kimball Warerooms Means Much for Enrichment of the Home Life . Extraordinary piano buying continues at the Manufacturers' Warerooms, 243 Wabash Ave. , S. W. Corner Jackson Blvd. Besides being a powerful ap- peal to the money-saving motive, this sale includes many instruments of the highest type of the piano maker's art. Kimball Pianos are the product of a home factory. For years their praises have been sung by the world's masters in music. They are within reach of the purchaser of limited means, for they go directly from the great Kimball factories to the home. Unlimited resources of the producers enable them to give the purchaser possession of the instrument while making payment; hence the wisdom of many purchasers anticipating their wants by several months, for rarely do conditions bring such mighty inducements. FOR OCTOBER ONLY New Eastern Piano and Kimball Piano Player, regular price ............ $445 20 Rolls of Music, for operating the Player ..... ............ 20 Total ......... ..... $465 Special Offer, complete . .... ... $275 Easy Payments if Desired. W. W. KIMBALL CO . ( ESTABLISHED 1857) Southwest Corner Wabash Ave. and Jackson Blvd. 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CARSON PIRIE SCOTT & Co. STATE AND MADISON STREETS-Building formerly occupied by H. G. Selfridge & Co., andby Schlesinger & Mayer. Telephone, Private Exchange, 2. " We Find Everything Here Far Beyond Expectation" That was the unvarying comment of visitors during our Autumn Opening. Such emphatic approval of what we have accomplished, after only two weeks in the new location, is our war- rant for repeating: We have the Facilities, the Merchandise and the Prices to make this the most satisfactory shopping place in Chicago. Every day, as the house organization settles into the new surroundings, brings improvement. THE BASEMENT STORE offers remarkable values every day. New goods at very low prices. Broken lines from the old store at sharp reductions from closing out sale price there. Interesting New Silks and Velvets. THE Burlingham and Burlingham sacking rough silk suitings, the dainty Warp Print pompadour effects and the broad tail velours, the warm rich colored mousseline and chiffon dress velvets, with the hundred or more other weaves, make an attractive collection that will repay a visit. Second Floor Imported Satin Messaline sheer beautiful quality-a happy purchase of an importer's delayed shipment, enables us to offer 50 piece in a splendid assortment of colors, including white and ivory, at a sale price; a yard..... $1.00 Shirt Waist Suiting Silks-Special new designs Mousseline Bengalines- An imported silk and Plali Taffetas- Clan colorings as well as the wool dress fabric ada fashion- in the small faconne on checks; weoffer unusual values at $1 and.. 75c able one; desirable; all colors, yard 85c modet French tones; lea ling val- analingval- 85c ucs-yard, $1.2), $1.00 and ..... Plain Louisines , Peau de Cygnes, Crepe de Chines, Taffetas-unequaled at 85c, 75c and 58c. BLACK SILKS VELVETS We are generously proud of our new possession, the celebrated Moleskin, velour and bread tail velvets for cloaks at low- st "Moneybak." long wearing black dress silks. With the pur- prices. Mousseline chiffon silk velvet-, new browns, chase of each dress you carry genuine silk insurance. A y rd, $2.00, $1.50 and.. $1.25 terra cotta, leather, $2.50, $2.00 and .. $1.50 Black paon and chiffon velvets from $1.00 85c black silk crepe de chines and taffetas, genuine bar- gains 68c $5.00 Odd lot of all silk Lvons velvets, $500 quality, good color assort- 75c imported black taffetas-special ment, many of the season's new shades, reduced 58c to ....... $2.50 Box Hoisery Sale : Prices Lower Than Ever. Importations for H. G. Selfridge & Co. to Be Disposed Of. THAT tells the reason why we are in a position to make this a record-breaking box hosiery sale. Thousands of dozens of pairs ordered abroad for , and stamped with name of H. G. Selfridge & Co. came to us when we parchased this business. It is all new, desirable merchandise. But we desire to have on our shelves only the Eiffel brand hosiery. Hence these prices. First floor. WOMEN'S HOSE . MEN'S HOSE . Per box, Reg. price, Perbox, Reg. price, Per box, Reg. price, Six pairs . perpair. Six pairs. perpair. Six pairs. per pair. 2c Black cotton double sole or 5Cc Black cotton, with linen 25c Black cotton, double sole, heel and toes ... $1.00 spliced double sole, heels and split sole. $ 1.00 35c Black lisle, fine gauge ; black toes $2.15 350Blackcotton white double or split $ 1.25 75c Black cotton, brilliant mer- cotton, split sole or white foot... $1.35 cerized black gauze lisle or $2.50 4Cc Black cotton fine gauze.. $ 1.50 b.ack cotton, extra heavy ...... 50c Back cotton, double sole, 40c Black lisle or cotton, split sole and ribbed top.... $1.65 $1.00 Black brilliant lisle or $ 1.75 hand seamed. black cotton . $4.00 split sole or white feet......... $2.00 60c Fine Egyptian, black cotton, 50c Black lisle thread; very fine or split sole, black cotton, very fine, $1.85 25 Black $1thread ingrain lisle; four fine cotton or outsize or ribbed tops............ or split sole... $5.00 75c plain black $2.50 mercerized.. Children's 35c linen knee hose, outwear all other kinds, 3 pairs for 75c. In the Basement Sto e; Women's plain black cotton, box of six pairs, 65c, 75c, $1, $1.15. Men's, 45c, 60c, 75c. Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin 100 Vol. 3. CHICAGO , OCTOBER 21 , 1904. Vol. 36. THE RIGHT TO LABOR. indicates that some, at least, are beginning to feel the incongruity, the disproportion of power, between essen- By John Bascom , Williams College. tial parts of society. Our own time has brought out this (From the August Number of the Quarterly Journal of conflict of rights which lurks in the freedom of manage- Education, Published for Harvard University,) ment and bondage of labor. It begins to be seen that sagacity and leadership can, advantageously, have no Contracts express the terms of reciprocal power on which absolute authority conceded to them, any more than men stand with each other. Mutual claims and concessions supreme rule can be granted to chiefs, kings, and emperors. are expressed in them. The frequency with which con- The democratic idea comes to the surface once more ; and tracts are formed, their explicitness and binding power, in- we feel again, as we have felt before, that men must be dicate diffusion of rights and equality of privileges . A allowed claims in connection with what they have to do. class that makes no contracts is either a ruling or a subject The slavery of an industrial world, ordered by a few in class. A contract stands for mutual power. The civil law their own interest, becomes as real, and at times as severe, accepts the enforcement of contracts as a primary duty. as enforced labor. The industrial world is making a Permanent and important relations between men are stand against tyranny, talks about duties and rights, and struggles to define and defend mutual obligations. assumed by written contracts, and some of them by con- In this phase of development we encounter, as elsewhere, tracts which require public record. Verbal contracts indi- profound difficulties. The power which falls to leadership, cate slighter and more transient connections, connections when leadership first arises, is always excessive, whether we are dealing with the political or the economic or the with few reciprocal obligations. A verbal understanding intellectual or the spiritual world. In all these direc- indicates that the parties to it are acting under some tions it is a primary consideration to secure leadership. general custom which needs no explanation, confers but Till this is attained, nothing effectual can be done. The few rights, and can readily be dissolved. Those whose moment, however, it appears, the second difficulty arises, -of putting upon it suitable limitations. The most entire lives rest on implied or verbal agreements lie, like controlling relation in the economic world is that between empty bubbles, on the surface of industrial activity,- those who lead in industry and those who are led, be- rise, disappear, and are replaced by a tide whose move- tween the employer and the employe. These two to- gether are the active producing agents, and neither has ments they in no way control. They do not enter into power independently of the other. Management is im- governing forces. Their services simply fall to them, and potent without labor, and labor is futile without manage- fall away from them, as occasion offers. Their rights are ment. An agreement between them by which concord- ant and concurrent action is secured lies at the foundation of the simplest character, and are incapable of enforcement of universal and permanent prosperity. If a contract beyond narrow limits. is in order, it is very much in order. The great mass of laborers have hitherto fallen below The reason why this field has been left so destitute of the region of contract. Their opportunities for labor terms of agreement has been because the immediate ad- have come with as little definite sequence, as little mas- vantages of management have been so superior to those tery over the conditions of life, as the foam that springs of labor as to enable it easily to claim the foreground. There has not been sufficient reserved power in labor to out of the sea and is gathered or scattered by the winds. force a contract. The employer is content to proceed If inventive power goes with labor, the workman may without an agreement, as control is already in his hands ; begin to make terms with his employer, or, if the service and the workman is pressed by so many necessities, so rendered is of a professional character, a tendency to driven by competition, that he cannot stop to bargain about the future. Sufficient unto the day are the evils establish periods of employment appears, and dismissal thereof. The obvious reason of this predominance of becomes less arbitrary. The great mass of workmen power resting with the employer is the scarcity of employ- ers and the abundance of laborers . The numerical rela- are left under verbal agreement of the simplest kind, tion between the two parties is unfavorable to a discus- and are constantly open to the vicissitudes of change. sion of terms , and tends to become more and more so. When we consider how large a portion of any industrial The employer must have labor, and the laborer must community laborers constitute, how slight a control they have employment; but the equality of the need is at exercise over the forms and degrees of industry, how weak once overshadowed by the fewness of those who appear on the one side and the number of those who offer them- a social element they are under existing methods, we selves on the other side. The intrinsic equality of claims cannot fail to see that a primary and essential constituent is lost sight of in the self-contained attitude of the one in the economic world is treated as if it were a negligible party and the urgent necessities of the other. Commer- factor. Society cannot be broadly or deeply organized cial development rapidly increases this inequality. Man- agement is constantly concentrated. Employers become under such a system, nor can productive power approach fewer and fewer in reference to employes. Even with- its maximum. The prizes of life and the toils of life, fall out formal agreement, they adopt one policy in reference apart, and there is no free circulation of motives . to labor, the policy of repression. In earlier periods, when the employers were more numerous, less separate When a community clings to this state of things, it is from laborers, more distinct in methods and less frequent accepting, under the blinding force of conventional senti- in consultation, the employe could more readily alter ment, an unfortunate and transient relation as a perma- his engagements, and find refuge from the hard temper nent framework of order. An assertion of a right to labor of one man in the easy ways of another. His individuality 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. went for more, and personal ties retained some strength. Islands or the Philippines, is anxious to avail itself of Even then he was a dependent, but dependence counted some form of coolie labor. The gold region in South for something. Now we have scarcely more than a sum Africa is disturbed by the reluctance of labor to perform in remainders, and a sum that is often thrust aside by the tasks assigned it, and is anxious to secure some form an imperious temper and the feeling that no loss is so great of coercion. The condition of the laborer and his wishes as the loss of power. The workman thus has found him- hardly enter into the calculation. self more and more adrift, more and more subject to the It is plain that the results of undivided and irresponsi- accidents of production and the caprice of employers , ble power in business have not been fortunate, whether because individually he could not command a contract, we look at the restless, speculative, and unsympathetic and he has not been accustomed to collective action. temper of management, or at the disasters which it scatters He has been as needful to the community as the manager, in the community, or at the overtopping claims and op- but he has had no way of making that need felt. We have pressive wealth to which it gives rise in the form of trusts. had extreme combination on the one side and but little With workmen kept in a dependent position the transi- combination on the other, till we have lost all sense of the tion is not far nor difficult to a neglect of all interests save real balance of claims between the two parties. those which the manager has under immediate considera- The laborer, acting alone, can offer no effectual resist- tion. Special protection, special franchises, a special ance to the employer when he undertakes to force down control of the instruments of commerce, enhanced by wages. If he refuses to accept lower pay, he is dismissed extended combination, at length give a monopoly of ad- and another laborer is called out of the crowded market vantages which threatens the overthrow of all equality to take his place. The new man may be inferior, and of rights in the economic world. It has been justly said probably is inferior, to the one he displaces. That is not that the combination of workmen is the first line of defence material. He subserves the present purpose. Wages against the march of a tyrannical few towards a commercial are reduced, and after a little the better workman will conquest of the world. We may well recognize the social value of this movement of the workmen to establish for find his way back at the lower rates. The diligent, enter- prising man does not settle wages, not even his own wages, themselves an economic footing, and to secure a real part- but the class next inferior. This process is renewed as nership in the wealth-creating processes. often as the employer thinks it worth while ; and the Here lies the bottom principle in the entire discussion. laborer is kept in a dependent, timid attitude which in- Shall society be organized under the le leadersh of a few, capacitates him to use even the power of resistance which primarily for their own benefit, or shall it be deeply, still remains to him. increasingly, organized through its entire membership The social and economic movement is thus, as far as for the profiting of all ? Is there any kingdom of heaven the workman is concerned, the exact reverse of what it possible, or is there not? Does every movement in civil- should be. Inferior skill, inferior thrift, inferior produc- ization issue in wider and wider spaces between those tive temper, rule the market. The moment the laborer who rise to the top and those who sink to the bottom, attempts to force an advance, the man below is called in, while morality and religion are only spasmodic efforts and the effort is made futile. To this retreat there is to shake together oil and water that begin at once to sep- no limit but that of bare subsistence. Thus the workman, arate again ? Is democracy a mere cobweb that glitters no matter what his personal quality, is without any secure in the morning light, but stays no man's step ? We have footing. His prudence avails him nothing ; and the price one answer for all these questions. The spiritual heavens of his labor is determined by the class to which he be- have the same breadth of service as the physical heavens, longs, not in anxious and thoughtful action, but in stolid that dissipate noxious vapors, that absorb moisture contentment on the part of its most indifferent members. and return it as showers, that yield the elements of In England, where the system has been partially cor- every form of life, that receive light and scatter it to the rected, the industrious workman who lives beyond sixty- world's end, that are translucent with the revelation of five is liable to go to the poor house. This state of things the entire cosmos . is most distressing in its effect on the laborer. What is An essential step in the organic growth of the commu- its effect on the manager? nity is the combination of labor. Singly, the employe The manager has the most unrestrained control of busi- can make no terms with the employer. He is easily ness, with the least possible responsibility to the employe pushed from the shore, like a spent swimmer. When and to the community at large. If profits are abundant, workmen stand together, in recognition of the fact that he has no scruples about appropriating them, and is re- labor is a primary constituent in all production, they have luctant to raise wages . a position from which they can make a contract with Any pressure in profits, on the other hand, makes itself capital in defence of mutual rights. The great advan- felt at once in wages. If competition is severe, if the tage of capital at the present time gets expression in wishes of the employer, eager for wealth, are not being the ease with which it combines. A like facility of col- met, he looks about for some reduction of expenses. The lective movement on the part of labor will restore the economy with which he is most familiar and which prom- equilibrium between the formally opposed but funda- ises most immediate relief is a diminution of wages. This mentally united parties in production. Claims, reason- is the line of least resistance. In any other direction he able and capable of enforcement, will appear on the encounters capitalists who are prepared for vigorous con- side of labor. The right to labor will become formulated, tention over the price of their products. The work- and recognized directions and limits of activity will take man alone has no measure of price and no power to sus- the place of the caprice of a few. Organic dependencies tain the current price. Some one is always waiting to will be established, profitable to both parties and to the underbid him. Hence the employer proceeds to throw entire community. the disaster of failure on the workmen, regarding it as an Barbarians are easily defeated because they are not expression of good will that he does not dismiss him alto- trained to act together. Let workmen take thoughtful and gether. Under the system of uncombined labor each deliberate counsel, and the labor-market will take on a man drops helplessly into the position which falls to him. new appearance. It is not the mere fact of numbers which Resistance is reduced to its lowest terms. Both em- occasions the difficulty, any more than it is the swarm ployer and employe look upon these fatalities as some- of savages that occasions the slaughter. thing unavoidable. Not only can the workman plead The heedless scramble of a few for a first position, by no rights, his mind comes to be destitute of the very notion which many are thrown down and trampled under foot, of rights. This movement being regarded as inevitable, is seen in the manner in which machinery has frequently it ceases to be studied for the means of correction . been introduced. Machinery ultimately becomes a gain It is not strange that the employer, familiar with this to all, but it also imposes immediate losses. These have method and this method only, should come to think of been allowed to fall heavily upon the laborer, and have been the business of the world as exclusively his own, and ordered at times with the express intention of reducing should avail himself at once of all its immunities and all wages. So also the accidents which inevitably accom- its advantages . When wealth has been in the most pany the use of machinery have been left as the inheri- rapid process of accumulation, management has been most tance of labor. They are properly the burden of the cruel. The extreme toil of children and the degrading community. Those wounded in the industrial ranks labor of women, in the early development of productive are entitled to as much consideration as those who have power, are proofs of this temper. Individual rights, borne the brunt of battle. Why should the fatalities and the rights of the race to strength and perpetuity, which attend on railroad labor rest so exclusively on the were trampled under foot. The same tendency, under employe? similar conditions, is reasserting itself at the South. There is sound philosophy in the workman's assertion : Management entering new territory, like the Sandwich "We are bound to have families. We are bound to make CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 3 suitable provision for them. Malthus be damned." The laws and courts have been built up about it. Wealth The old economic doctrine proceeded on the ground that governs our daily affairs. Most persons have at least a laborers would act without foresight, and thus sink to the little to do with labor, and it is not inconvenient to find bottom. We have ordered the relations of classes in such it pliable. Many near and remote advantages depend a way as to make foresight ineffective, and so in a measure on the present relations of employer and employe. Any have fulfilled the prediction. There are not two distinct serious modification of them seems ready to topple down sorts of men in the world, one sort that responds to the economic structure and put confusion and anarchy in motives and one that does not. All men respond to in- its place. Justice, urged by a single class in an unusual ducements. The chief difference between classes is found direction, encounters great obstacles in making its plea. in their opportunities. When workmen are in the very Existing courts are schooled in the rights of property, act of combination for the express purpose of enhanc- and hold in light esteem the personal rights of the laborer. ing motives, it does not behoove us to bring against them They are slow, difficult of access, and costly in the reme- that old accusation of an irredeemable carelessness . dies they offer, and place the two parties in a labor dis- Employersfind no difficulty in securing conditions which pute on very unequal terms . They annul by injunctions depress labor. Why should they find more difficulty in ac- the remedies of the workman, and put no other remedies cepting conditions which help labor? They have had no in their place. When just and fitting tribunals are ès- doubt as to the effect on wages, and on the independence of tablished, the attitude of the workman will be altered. workmen, of flooding factories and shops and mines with On the whole, the patience, forbearance, and persever- foreign workmen, who have endured all the disaster of a ance which trade unions have shown in England consti- bad system and can be made the instrument of its propaga- tute a most encouraging chapter in human history. In tion. If wages can be pushed downward by one set of in- America the arrogant claims of capital, its sense of being fluences, they can as certainly be pushed upward by an- the all- sufficient and only sufficient agent of production, the other. degree in which we stand dazed by the parade of commer- In pursuing his purposes by the legitimate means of cial power, the contempt we entertain for a principle devel- combination, a method which is the secret of civilization, oped in far-off Australia, have made us dislike the labor the workman has made some mistakes. This was una- movement, and think lightly of the new rights which it voidable, and has been due partly to his own lack of ex- implies. perience and partly to the unreasonable opposition he has We are ready to assume that the right to labor gets encountered. It is said that he has lost interest in labor, expression in the " scab," and the denial of that right in and in many ways retards its speedy accomplishment. the trade union. The exact reverse would seem to be There was a time when personal fidelity was relied on as a the truth . The entire contention of the union is to secure spur to exertion; but that time has passed by, chiefly a social status, the power to form and enforce suitable through the force of circumstances . Little intercourse or contracts as safeguards of labor, thereby putting the rights good will lies between the large employer and his help. Fair of labor beyond the caprice of the employer. loyer. This safety and mutual gains must take the place of attachment. of labor depends exclusively on the trade union. If it When the manager complains that the workman, in times succeeds, the fitting terms of such contracts will be slowly of great activity, is apathetic and refuses to hustle, that he determined. If it fails, all the claims of labor will fail assigns tasks, rejects overwork, and dislikes piece- work, with it. All the rights of labor lie for discussion and de- that he keeps down the number of apprentices, he should termination between the employer and the employe. remember that unusual activity has been urged as a means It is the unsatisfactory character of this relation that is of increasing profits, with no direct or certain bearing on the ground of controversy. The employer so well under- wages. If wages and profits were bound to each other stands this that bis bitterest hostility is directed against by suitable contract, the case would be greatly altered. the union and any extension of the union that serves to The laborer wishes to unite his labor to his own welfare, give it more power. He frequently anticipates all dis- and he holds back as a means of securing this object. The cussion of claims by a flat refusal to recognize the organ- fundamental idea of a trade union is that workmen shall ization through which they come. He will deal with act together, making common cause in the pursuit of their workmen separately, or, if not that, with his own work- mutual welfare. The employer, on the other hand, de- men separately. He undertakes to determine the ways sires in every way to break up this combined action. The in which workmen shall consolidate their power. The agents of it are very distasteful to him. If he can stam- " scab" is the resource of the employer in breaking down pede workmen, break their ranks, and lead the more enter- workmen, and in this connection he begins to talk of the prising to desert their fellows, the old relations will right to labor. Yet the scab has no right to labor con- reappear, and he will shortly command the situation. ceded him by the manager. The scab is taken on and dis- The phalanx is broken, and slaughter commences. The missed as suits his own convenience, and this solely that workman must espouse the cause of every workman, or his own power in dealing with the laborer may be unre- the weaker ones drop from the ranks and are ready, when strained. The scab makes and enforces no contract. He any struggle arises, to consult their own advantage. The is present that no contracts may be made and enforced. very movement in which he is engaged compels the work- The scab lends himself to the tyranny of the employer, man to make all the interests of labor his own. The equal- and secures in return only a brief period of employment. izing tendency must be allowed to prevail, till some just When a new equilibrium and a lower equilibrium shall and admissible discriminations as to skill become possi- have been established, he, having done what mischief ble. These cannot be established in the presence of the enemy, when deliberation is taken for weakness and leads he was able to do, falls back to his old position of waiting for further trouble. Between the scab and the union- to division. If the two parties could be brought to a ist no rights are to be gained. The unionist held his own peaceable parley, claims and classes might be established, job, and had not yielded it. The scab steps in to oust and each person be protected according to the volume of him under conditions inimical to the entire class of labor- his power, the sluggish not driven by the active, nor the ers . The cry of the right to labor made in behalf of the active restrained by the sluggish. This complete adjust- scab is a misleading cry, designed to divert attention ment is impossible till both employer and employe are from the true issue. His own chances of labor are in no willing to come The labor to termshas movement by been meansthe of occasion it. of able, way interfered with. If the scab succeeds, he throws sustained, and fair-minded leadership. If conference is some one else out of labor, and cripples labor in its entire welcome, and real grievances are pointed out, the work- extent. It is this fact that is the ground of detestation man will not be the last to correct them. The superiority inThe he is held.non-union whichintelligent laborer, directly involved of leadership and of reasonableness in advancing claims in a strike, frequently recognizes this dependence of inter- was very manifest in the coal strike. The workmen, ests in employes, and makes common cause with the pressed by immediate and urgent wants, are bound over union. It is the soundness of the underlying principle to a patient and moderate temper. This is illustrated in which has sustained trade unions, and carried them for- 1 regrettable violence. Notwithstanding the brute force ward in face of the opposition of employers, of the indif- and violent passion which are sure to be present in the ference of the community, and of the majority of their ranks of workmen, notwithstanding the degree to which own class. they are hampered in the use of legal and peaceable means, In a discussion of this question with a judge of a United trade unions are arraying themselves more and more on States court he remarked, "If a man was willing to work the side of law, and making a quiet appeal to their fellow- and an employer was willing to have him work, he did citizens. We are to remember that the community at not see why those facts did not settle the question." They large is not an impartial tribunal in labor disputes. The do settle the question so far as existing law is concerned, average citizen is unduly inclined to the existing order. (Continued on page 6.) 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BOARD OF EDUCATION ASKED TO AID “ LITTLE BALLOT . " BULLETIN Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, Resolutions Adopted by Chicago Federation of Labor , Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, October 16 . December 23, 1901. WHEREAS, The Charter Amendment Committee of the THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the Civic Federation has secured through the Board of Edu- year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of cation the privilege of circulating through the schools, April andDecember, by the Chicago Teachers ' Federation. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single the children and the teachers, literature and information copies, Five Cents. concerning the proposed constitutional amendment to be ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received by Tuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. voted on the "Little Ballot" November 8th, and, ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to WHEREAS, On the same "Little Ballot" three other ques- the order of the Federation Bulletin. tions of public policy of vital importance to the people of THE EDITOR , Chicago and of the state will be presented to the voters 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO. on November 8th-namely, direct primaries, people's veto, Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. and home rule in taxation; therefore, be it Resolved, That the Legislative Committee of the C. F. of L. be directed to take the necessary steps to secure from the Board of Education the privilege of furnishing The article on "The Right to Labor," portions of which to the voters of Chicago on the same conditions as those we print in this issue is one of the strongest arguments for to be submitted to and complied with by the Charter the organization of wage earners that has come to our Amendment Committee of the Civic Federation, informa- notice. tion concerning the three questions of public policy to be voted on the " Little Ballot" November 8th, and to this Appearing in a Harvard University publication and writ- end that the Legislative Committee be directed to take ten by a college professor, adds to its interest. We regret such steps as in its judgment it may deem necessary to that we could not publish it in full, for every line is well secure this privilege. worth careful reading. Teachers have a special interest in THE GOOD OLD WAY. Mr. Bascom's treatment of the matter of contract. The status of teachers generally is so vague and uncertain that they are for all practical purposes without contract and Child Training; Better Methods Needed. unable to make or enforce one. Obedience is conformity with law. It is an obligation upon the adult as well as upon the child. The reason for a child's more detailed obedience is his temporary de- OVERWORK AND RESPONSIBILITY FOR RAIL- pendence and limited knowledge. In The Daily News re- ROAD WRECKS . cently Mary E. Fitzgerald gave her views as to the neces- city for compelling Johnny to obey his parents and his In view of the number and the gravity of American teacher. The weak point in Johnny's mother and father and teacher is that they were raised under the ancient sys- railway accidents, the question of legal or moral respon- tem and without being quite sure of themselves they are sibility for them assumes a serious, practical character. A entirely sure that it could be improved upon. point of law raised the other day in a Philadelphia court According to all testimony it used to be Johnny's secret bears directly on this question. joy to steal away and go swimming, for which he was' whipped, and which he did again on the next opportunity, An engineer in the employ of the Pennsylvania railroad the boy's delight in the natural right to swim overcom- was on trial for manslaughter. The case involved the ing his fear of punishment. Johnny does not need to lie usual mixture of issues of fact and of law, but it finally and run away in these days if he wants to swim. There resolved itself into the question of the criminal or excusable are natatoriums in the city parks where he can have com- panionship and a measure of protection. On the whole negligence of the engineer and conductor in charge of a Johnny probably lies less through fear in word and deed freight train which collided with a passenger train. than he did in the old days and there are those who see in The testimony disclosed that the freight train had been this a balancing advantage. As to the boy who is a bully and a coward, the most ordered to wait on a siding until four trains should pass . elementary knowledge of human nature would warn The crew had been on duty for twenty- two hours, and any teacher not to meet brutality with brutality. The law while waiting for the other trains to pass had fallen asleep does that in inflicting punishment, but the law is society from weariness and physical exhaustion. Before the fourth acting in self-defense and dealing with criminals. No child is a criminal. A child is an undeveloped organism. The train had passed the men awoke and, thinking that the teacher, one might say the adult, who takes toward any road was clear, took their own train from the siding. A child the attitude of self-defense stands upon false ground. wreck resulted from this fatal mistake and several passen- In the fact that the child is undeveloped lies his hope. Growth is sacred. No matter how much a coward or a gers were killed. On this evidence counsel for the engineer asked the bully or worse the lad may be, so long as the divine light court to rule that when a railroad employe falls asleep of youth is in him there is hope for him. Not great hope, froin weakness or weariness due directly to unreasonably perhaps. He may be handicapped with an ancestry of long hours of steady employment the long hours being crime, which has dulled his mind and strengthened all his exacted by the company-and an accident occurs, the em- lower instincts. But the germ is there, while it is yet unformed. This is not sentimentalism; it is the truth on ploye is not liable for the unfortunate consequences of the which all education rests. The application of it some- unavoidable negligence. The court refused to make this ruling. No man, said the judge, had the right to work times issues in sentimentalism and that is an injury, but on a railroad when not in good physical condition, and not so great an injury as to bump his head against the when too weary or exhausted to do his full duty he should wall. "He is to mind as he walks, without thinking of it." discontinue work, even at the risk of losing his position Surely the ideal of obedience. But he will think of it and through disobedience of orders. much else when you bump his head against the wall, as- But what about the moral aspect of the question ? Tak- suming that his brain is left uninjured to think with. The man or woman who in any dealing with a child, ing men and conditions as they are, how many will vio- makes use of sarcasm, of retaliation or any other grown late orders and discontinue work, at the risk of losing man's weapon, is as brutal as the teacher who bumps the their livelihood, in the interest of public safety ? The child's head against the wall. The conditions which pre- moral responsibility in cases like that tried before the vail, the crowded rooms, the lack of individual treatment, Philadelphia court is on the railway companies, and it the natural incapacity or undeveloped capacity of some behooves them to ponder the question with earnest and teachers for teaching, the helpless ignorance of some prin- anxious solicitude.-Record Herald, Oct. 10. cipals, who are the local court of appeal, make it seem CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 5 necessary at times that the school should take the attitude Mr. Grout a few years ago was a struggling boy in sad of self-defense toward the child. But it is an attitude need of an education. At this moment he is a man in growing out of false conditions. And it is the conditions sad need of an American education. Had he been taught which should be arraigned. more when he was young, he would probably not oppose the There is nothing that Johnny's mother or teacher desires thorough teaching of the masses now. more than to secure a rational obedience. So long as they Very distinctly Mr. Grout and the experts whom he cherish that ancient fetish that "his will must be broken" hires at public expense announce that you must not overdo they will not attain it, for he cannot obey rationally with the education of the public school child. a broken will any more than he can work effectively with Is the best education in the world too good for any a broken arm. American child ? But the tendency of the time, whatever be its short- Mr. Grout has children, and they are not in the public comings, is to give Johnny the best there is, and Johnny school. needs it. He is growing up to take his place in a complex It is not pleasant to investigate Mr. Grout's teaching of order of society. He has the fruits of the old system and of the new to reckon with. His only hope and society's his own children. But since he takes so deep an interest only hope is that his father and his mother and the school in cutting down appropriations for the education of public school children, he will surely not resent it if the public may "find a way. " Sometimes he is a boy who needs ask a few questions about how he educates his own chil- to be isolated. There are institutions for that. Sometimes dren. he suffers because he is one of sixty and not one of forty Mr. Grout wants to cut certain branches out of the pub- in his schoolroom. There is surely some remedy for that lic school course. inAmerican wealth and resourcefulness. It is unfortunate Has he cut those branches out of the education of his that there should be any looking backward in educational own children ? ideals at the present moment. It is not the obvious and He is well off, able to send his children to private practical way out of the difficulties which do certainly schools , able to give them all the " fads" that he thinks too exist. As a rule the influence of the school upon a child good for the public school child. is for good. As a rule the home into which he has been born is a real home. There is love in it, whether it be But the money that he spends on his children's private a severe love or a weak love or a love built on unchanging education is given to him as a salary by the public. truth. What the parents and the educators need to under- Does he think it fair, or just, or wise, or American, to stand is how to deal with the child. say that the child of the man who pays his salary shall After all, there is an element in the situation which not be educated as well as his own child ? is stronger than the old method or the new. As the im- The English gentleman would say that his butler or mortal Dooley says : "The prisint race of hayroes who are bailiff would be foolish to place his " under bred" child on now startlin' the wurruld in finance, polytics, th' arts an' a par with the child of an English "gentleman." But Mr. science, burglary and lithrachoor" were brought up in the Grout will hardly take that attitude. good old way. The fruits are various.-A. M. M. in Daily Unless he can say that all of his own children are re- News , Oct. 18. stricted and cut down in their education as he wants to restrict and cut down the public school child, he cuts a THE CHILDREN OF THE OFFICE HOLDER AND sorry figure. It is perhaps too much to say that the man who does OF THE PEOPLE . not send his own children to public school is unfit to con- trol public school moneys. But it is not too much to de- mand that Grout shall allow the people who hire him to Is There an Education "Too Good" for the Masses? educate their children at their own expense as well as (Editorial Chicago American, October 17. ) Mr. Grout educates his children with the help of a public salary. Mr. Grout, Comptroller of the City of New York, has If you said to Mr. Grout : "All your children need is a for a long time been taking a deep interest in public school little reading, writing and arithmetic, with a superficial education. knowledge of geography thrown in," he would reply in- He fears that there may be too much spent on the pub- dignantly : lic school child, that the son or daughter of the ordinary " How dare you limit the requiremnets of my children? citizen will get an education as complicated-let us say- How dare you suggest that they should know only as as that which a well paid public official citizen gives his much as would make them good office boys or obedient own children. grocery clerks ? I want my children to be thoroughly edu- This attitude of New York's Comptroller is unfortun- cated, that they may be equal to any man's children, and ately of interest to all the cities and citizens of the country . ready for any opportunity." The idea is growing among us that it will not do to The taxpayer who hires Grout and pays his wages tells spend too much in educating ordinary children. him that the humblest American citizen wants his child as well educated as Mr. Grout's child. He wants his child The people who pay Mr. Grout his salary, the people "fitted for any opportunity." who pay for the public schools, are told quite solemnly by Mr. Grout and the Grouts of other cities that the ordinary The people of the United States and the public schools American child does not need "too fancy" an education. of the United States are to supply the great men. No Mr. Grout says there are too many fads in the public little families of little office holders are going to do that. schools, and he employs people, at the expense of the There is no education too good for the public school child. ordinary mothers and fathers, to prove that the ordinary children ought not to be educated so expensively. There should be no teacher's salary higher than that of the competent public school teacher. We feel bound to say that we think Mr. Grout is sincere. Mr. Grout, we believe, is a sincere, well meaning man, We are not sure, of course. No one can read the human heart. although narrow -minded, conceited and ignorant in public school affairs. Mr. Grout may be pandering to those that want to save It ought not to be possible for such a man, with his own taxes. Or he may be toadying-in the hope of political children in a private school, their tuition paid by the pub- preferment to those that hate and constantly oppose the lic, to cut down the needs of the public school child. public schools-the ignorant and the selfish. The child of the big city requires a complicated educa- Our belief, however, is that Mr. Grout ischild honest and tion. He must have appeals made to his imagination. He earnest in his belief that the public school must be must in the public schools find an offset for the dull routine trimmed and kept down, in his belief that a public school life of the streets . child ought to have such an education as an English gen- There are ten thousand sound arguments against the tleman There would want his butler's son to have. stupid effort of self satisfied ignoramuses to treat our pub- are too many, like Grout, who think that the lic school children as though they were an inferior servant public school child in America ranks with the butler's son in England. class. For to -day we'll content ourselves with asking the pub- Mr. Grout thinks that all a public school boy is entitled lic what they think of a man who gives to his own chil- to is some knowledge of the English language, "together dren, in private schools, that education which he considers with such knowledge of mathematics, geography and his- too good for the children of those that hire him and pay tory as may reasonably be expected." his wages. 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . MY LADY ELM TREE . ANNOUNCEMENTS . We heard a spring breeze coming And the trees all bent to hear. Said my lady Elm-tree, sweetly, We are glad to see you, dear. CLAIMS FOR BACK SALARY. Oh! My lady Elm-tree always knows The list of new claims for back salary due for year of The proper word to say. The spring breeze was delighted 1900 is now closed and no additional slips can be received. With her dainty, graceful way. FEDERATION DUES . She stood, so tall and slender, She bowed, with such an air, Membership dues are now due and may be paid to the He sighed and hovered near her correspondent of your school or mailed direct to the And told her she was fair. Financial Secretary, Miss Catharine Goggin, 437 Unity My lady wore a shawl of lace, Building. Dues two dollars, membership in Mortuary The blue sky showed between Fund Department fifty cents, which includes the first as- The threads so fine ; beneath the lace, sessment. She wore a robe of green. My lady's taste is delicate, Chicago, Oct. 17, 1904. None found a green so rare. A reception will be given at the Art Institute of Chicago The spring breeze whispered tenderly, on October 27, at 8 o'clock p. m. by the Board of Educa- My lady did not care. tion, Superintendents and Principals of the Chicago Pub- She laughed and, Oh ! her laughter lic Schools to the members of the Northern Illinois Teach- Was music to my ear ; ers ' Association and the Teachers of Chicago. For I love Lady Elm-tree, Perhaps my song she'll hear. M. O'R. TRIP TO ST . LOUIS . Many requests have been received asking that a Thanks- giving trip be arranged to the St. Louis fair. Such a trip, THE RIGHT TO LABOR. if decided upon would probably be upon the following lines . (Continued from page 1.) Leaving Chicago Wednesday evening, November 23, and and open the question so far as a fitting relation of reaching St Louis Thursday morning ; spending Thursday, productive classes is concerned. The settlement assumes Friday and Saturday at the fair either remaining in St. that workmen can make and enforce no contract, that Louis for Sunday and returning Sunday evening to Chi- they are subject to the will of the employer and beyond cago, or, leaving St. Louis Saturday evening and arriving the protection of the law. If a contractor, under an in Chicago Sunday morning. agreement to put up a building, should, in the progress of the work, find himself at disagreement with his employer The Wabash, Alton and Illinois Central railroads run as to the interpretation of certain specifications in the night trains at convenient hours and teachers who wish contract, it would not be in order for the latter to say, to take the trip are requested to indicate their choice of " There is a man ready to take up and complete the work as I wish it to be done ; all you have to do is to stand out roads in order that sufficient reservations may be made. of the way." "Not in the least," would be the response. Send this information to the St. Louis Trip Committee "I have put myself to expense, I have declined other at Federation Office, 437 Unity Building. work, and, moreover, I expect to make something out Estimated cost of trip : Fare, $6.00 ; board, three days, of the job. The difference in the rendering of the contract must be adjusted, and I must proceed." at $2.00 per day, $6.00 ; entrance to fair, three days, $1.50 ; In the case of the laborer he is first robbed of the power incidentals , $ 1,50. Total , $ 15.00. If Sunday is spent in St. to make a contract, and then robbed of his opportunities Louis, $2.00 must be added to this sum. because he has no contract. The thing under contention is the power of contract and the rights which go with it. The law and the administration of the law and the action CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION . of the " scab" under the law, when they oppose themselves to a fundamental right in a great class, are one and all The regular meeting of the Chicago Teachers' Federa- hostile to democratic society. We can secure no organic tion will be held at 412 Masonic Temple, November 12, 1904. completeness in society till every part ministers to every The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teachers' Feder- other part in reciprocal advantages . It is on this claim that the rights of labor rest. ation will meet Monday, October 31, at 4 p. m., in Room 437, Unity Bldg. FLORENCE E. TENNERRY, TO TEACHERS Cor. Secretary. LOANS BY A TEACHER At Live and Let Live Low Rates Only the deaf and dumb "First aid to the injured" in pocket promptly rendered. fail to appreciate the L. A., Care of Federation Bulletin, 437 Unity Building. TELEPHONE now-a-days . MONEY LOANED TO TEACHERS . Business Residenc&e 5 Cents and per day up. I loan money to teachers on their plain notes at a lower rate than is given by any one else. CHICAGO TELEPHONE CO . Address, X. Y., CHICAGO TEACHERS ' BULLETIN 203 Washington Street. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 7 PIANO BUYERS Find Strong Temptation -IN- October Sale -OF- The Manufacturers Annual Clearing at the Kimball Warerooms Means Much for Enrichment of the Home Life. Extraordinary piano buying continues at the Manufacturers' Warerooms, 243 Wabash Ave. , S. W. Corner Jackson Blvd. Besides being a powerful ap- peal to the money-saving motive, this sale includes many instruments of the highest type of the piano maker's art. Kimball Pianos are the product of a home factory. For years their praises have been sung by the world's masters in music. They are within reach of the purchaser of limited means, for they go directly from the great Kimball factories to the home. Unlimited resources of the producers enable them to give the purchaser possession of the instrument while making payment; hence the wisdom of many purchasers anticipating their wants by several months, for rarely do conditions bring such mighty inducements. FOR OCTOBER ONLY New Eastern Piano and Kimball Piano Player, regular price ........... $445 20 Rolls of Music, for operating the Player ..... ........... 20 Total ........ ... $465 Special Offer, complete . .... ... $275 Easy Payments if Desired. W. W. KIMBALL CO. ( ESTABLISHED 1857) Southwest Corner Wabash Ave. and Jackson Blvd. 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . CARSON PIRIE SCOTT & CO. STATE AND MADISON STREETS-Building formerly occupied by H. G. Selfridge & Co.,andby Schlesinger & Mayer. Telephone, Private Exchange, 2. " We Find Everything Here Far Beyond Expectation" That was the unvarying comment of visitors during our Autumn Opening. Such emphatic approval of what we have accomplished, after only two weeks in the new location, is our war- rant for repeating: We have the Facilities, the Merchandise and the Prices to make this the most satisfactory shopping place in Chicago. Every day, as the house organization settles into the new surroundings, brings improvement. THE BASEMENT STORE offers remarkable values every day. New goods at very low prices. Broken lines from the old store at sharp reductions from closing out sale price there. Interesting New Silks and Velvets. THE Burlinghamsand Burlingham sacking rough silk suitings, the daintyWarpPrint pompadour effects and the broad tail velours, the warm rich colored mousseline and chiffon dress velvets, with the hundred or more other weaves, make an attractive collection that will repay a visit. Second Floor Imported Satin Messaline-sheer beautiful quality-a happy purchase of an importer's delayed shipment, enables us to offer 50 piece in a splendid assortment of colors, including white and ivory, at a sale price; a yard .. $1.00 Shirt Waist Suiting Silks-Special new designs Mousseline Bengalines-An imported silk and Plaid Taffetas-Clan colorings as well as the in the small faconne on checks; wool dress fabric and a fashion- modest French tones; leading val- we offer unusual values at $1 and .. 75c ues-yard, $1.25, $1.00 and.. leadingval...85c Plain Louisines, Peau de Cygnes, Crepe de Chines, Taffetas unequaled at 85c, 75c and 58c. BLACK SILKS VELVETS We are generously proud of our new possession, the celebrated Moleskin, velour and broad tail velvets for cloaks at lowest "Moneybak, " long wearing black dress silks. With the pur- prices. Mousseline chiffon silk velvets, new browns, chase of each dress you carry genuine silk insurance. $1.25 terra cotta, leather, $2.50, $2.00 and .. $1.50 Ayard, $2.00, $1.50 and. Black paon and chiffon velvets from #1.00 85c black silk crepe de chines and taffetas, genuine bar- gains 68c $5.00 Odd lot of all silk Lyons velvets, 85 00 quality, good color assort- 75c imported black taffetas-special ment, many of the season's new shades, reduced 58c to ..... $2.50 Box Hoisery Sale: Prices Lower Than Ever. Importations for H. G. Selfridge & Co. to Be Disposed Of. THAT tells the reasonwhyweare ina position to make this a record-breaking box hosiery sale. Thousands of dozens of pairs ordered abroad for, and stamped with name of H. G. Selfridge & Co. came to us when we parchased this business. It is all new, desirable merchandise. But we desire to have on our shelves only the Eiffel brand hosiery. Hence these prices. First floor. WOMEN'S HOSE . MEN'S HOSE . Reg.price, Perbox, Reg. price, Perbox, Reg. price, Per box, per pair. Sixpairs. perpair. Six pairs. perpair. Six pairs . 25c Black cotton double sole or 50c Black cotton, with linen 250 Black cotton, double sole, heel and toes.... $1.00 spliced double sole, heels and split sole . $1.00 35c Black lisle, fine gauge; black toes $2.15 350Blackcotton double or split $ 1.25 cotton, split sole or white foot... $1.35 75c Black cotton, brilliant mer- $2.50 40cBlack cotton fine gauze.... $ 1.50 cerized black gauze lisle or black cotton, extra heavy ...... 50c Black cotton, double sole, 40c Black lisle or cotton, split sole and ribbed top...... $1.65 $1.00 Black brilliant lisle or hand seamed..$ 1.75 50cBlack lisle thread; very fine or black cotton .... $4.00 60c Fine Egyptian, black cotton, split sole or white feet....... $2.00 splitsole, blackcotton,very fine, $1.85 $1.25 Black ingrain lisle; four outsize or ribbed tops....... thread or split sole.... $5.00 75c plain black fine cotton or $2.50 mercerized. Children's 35c linen knee hose, outwear all other kinds, 3 pairs for 75c. In the Basement Store: Women'splainblack cotton, box of six pairs, 65c, 75c, $1, $1.15. Men's, 45c, 60с, 75c. Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin 100 Vol. 3. CHICAGO , OCTOBER 28, 1904. No. 37 HOW TO SAVE THE TEACHER to take the rest and change that may partially re- store her. An Address to the Minnesota Educational Association at And so on, and on, and on, in each and every St. Paul, Minn., given Jan. 1st, 1903 , by J. K. letter, without one dissenting vote in the entire cor- McBroom , Elgin, Minn. (now of Excel- respondence. And the rosiest, most optimistic sior, Minn) . view expressed by any of the writers puts the age limit of the average teacher's efficiency at thirty- I undertook this topic with fear and trembling, five; many place it far below that. Think of it! for I was not sure that the teacher needed salva- At an age when in every other calling the worker tion. It was my private opinion that the teacher, is just coming into the most robust vigor, the great- especially the woman teacher in the grades, wears est efficiency, and highest salary, just beginning out quicker than any other class of workers ; I to feel and to apply the power that has been de- had seen a good deal to confirm that opinion ; espe- veloping in him, at that age the average teacher's cially had it been "ground in" by several recent work is done, and she's cast aside, unfitted in large and pitiful cases of broken health and broken life measure for the enjoyment of life, and for the among the best of them. But I knew that my duties, cares, responsibilities that may come to her. experience was insignificant and my horizon was Do you tell me, as one writer suggests, that only narrow ; and I did not care to parade my opinions maudlin sympathy takes note of that? Is it time in this august presence unless others of far more this matter is up for consideration, or is it only a experience had reached the same conclusion. So I great big joke? And what are we going to do first groped around for confirmation, and got it. about it ? First, let us hunt for causes. Again I I wrote a great many letters to superintendents, refer to the masters in the profession, real school principals, grade teachers, normal school presi- masters I think we may call them. dents, doctors and officers of hospitals for insane. Frequent mention is made in the letters already I wrote to no one who had not had long and suc- referred to of natural unfitness and insufficient cessful experience, no one whose views I knew preparation ; very important factors, beyond ques- beforehand : nor did I tell anyone what sort of tion ; but they are found equally in every other call- views I wished him or her to express on the sub- ing. To mention them is to point out the remedy, ject. I made it an honest, independent concensus so I pass on. of opinion of the highest authorities I could reach ; The doctors lay a great deal of blame on the way and this is what they say : teachers take their meals. They eat breakfast by From superintendents of the larger cities of this shorthand, take along some of the fragments to state : Says one,-"The work tends to make both season with chalk dust for dinner, and then at the men and women prematurely old." Another, "A third meal try to make up for the other two. Of larger number of women teachers in a hundred course that program persisted in, would damage the break down before thirty-five, than in any other digestion, and the nervous system, of an ostrich. occupation." Another,-"If all the women who But I hardly see how teachers can do otherwise enter the teaching profession had to remain in it under the present regime. for ten consecutive years, there would be more Some stress is laid on the teacher's neglect of the physical wrecks among them than among an equal laws of health. She should balance work with rest, number of workers in other professions." Aprin- exercise-especially out-doors-sleep and recrea- cipal writes. "I have known many who have tion. This point cannot be emphasized too hard. stopped teaching as nervous wrecks, and two who Without question many, very many teachers wear were made insane." Another principal,-"I have out long before their time because they neglect these seen many cases of nervous prostration, broken at least partially preventable causes. But I must health, and in some instances death, before thirty." add that nearly every one in every occupation is Another, "A grade teacher of average health who equally negligent. Teachers are by no means the does all the work required of her will be able to do chief of sinners in this particular; they understand so about four years." The Fergus Falls Hospital and obey the laws of health at least as well as any for Insane reports a record of twenty-three insane other class of workers ,-except as the conditions of teachers-though not all there now and with this their employment prevent,-yet these others workers footnote, "The direct cause in each and every far outlast the teacher;; and if we could enforce case has been nervous worry and overwork." No upon other callings the "health hints" that are so doubt the reason the percentage of insanity is not freely offered to the teacher as her only salvation, greater is that at the first symptom of mental aber- cemeteries would become obsolete, except so far as the teachers could make use of them. ration the teacher loses her position and is forced 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. Teachers are urged to take time off and away colors than on language, and three-fourths as much to " freshen up," to " renew their youth," to " broad- time on basket weaving as on language." And en their horizon," etc. Certainly they should. And then she quotes from another teacher, who tells her : yet, and yet, no other class of workers spend half "The quicker you put away all ideas of your own, so much time and money now for exactly that sort and follow just those of your principal, if she has of thing. I rambled through Europe one summer. any, or if she hasn't any, follow those she gets On the steamer going over I got acquainted with from someone else, the easier and better you will all the passengers in second cabin and some in get along. " And these very points are emphasized first cabin. It seems to me as I recall now, fully again and again and again in these letters. Of half of them were teachers. I suppose the percent- course a teacher of spirit and earnestness and age was not so large in first cabin, for teachers power would wear out quickly under such condi- can't afford to travel that way. Perhaps the per- tions. I quote again. This time from a very suc- centage was larger in the steerage. And wherever cessful principal of one of the largest buildings in in Europe I paused long enough to note what other the Northwest : "Put a teacher, no matter how Americans were in the vicinity, it seemed to be good or strong she may be, with a principal who teachers that were swarming everywhere. Another keeps a cat-like watch of her, constantly nagging summer I spent among the still greater marvels an'l urging her to do better, and even threatening of our own great West: The giant pines of Wash- her, and what is the result ? The teacher often is ington, the gigantic redwoods of California, China- equal to the task, but she succeeds at the cost of town, Yosemite Valley, Salt Lake City, Yellowstone nervous energy that should not have been drawn Park, and everywhere the teachers were flocking upon. The insistence upon certain methods, often to get back some of the vitality they had sacrified the notional fad of the supervisor, grinds the in the schoolroom . teacher and proves very irritating. If she has no- To find, then, the causes that make the teaching tions and ideas of her own and attempts to carry profession short-lived we must look for faults or them out there is bound to be trouble Super- misfortunes that we do not find in an equal or vision which does not take into account the person- even greater degree in other lines of work ; nor ality of the teacher, giving that best part of the need we look very far. teacher a chance to be a factor in her work, is vicious, vicious in its effect upon the teacher, and For example : The teacher who carries her vicious in that children are deprived of the best school about with her so constantly that she makes thing the teacher has to give them." And he herself obnoxious by talking "shop" wherever she points the remedy so clearly that I quote further : goes, she is foredoomed to early decadence ; and, "Of course, I believe most strongly in hard work, oh, what a relief it will be to her friends when at and I always get it from teachers as well as pupils. last she must quit teaching, if only at the same The best of it is, teachers are happy to work hard ; time she will quit talking about it. but my plan is to show definitely and clearly what Over and over and over in these letters the point results must be accomplished, and say to them to is urged that teachers have too many pupils. One go to work and obtain those results as best they can. Suggestions are offered always with the un- writer, who has reached the top of his profession in this state,-Pres. Weld, Moorhead Normal. - derstanding that these are not to be adopted unless says it is almost a crime to compel a teacher to care the teacher believes the work will be improved for and teach fifty children, and many others say thereby." The remedy is "not less supervision, almost the same thing ; and well they may. Also, for the teacher may find the supervision a source unsanitary buildings are held accountable. as they of help and inspiration, but a different kind of su- certainly ought to be, for a vast amount of evil. pervision, by a supervisor who has not only brains Both these causes are chargeable chiefly to ignor- but a bit of humanity and a heart beating sympa- ance, indifference and economy ( ?) of the taxpayer, thetically." "A bit of humanity and a heart beat- and can be reached only by the pitifully slow and ing sympathetically. " Those points cannot be un- painful process of educating public sentiment ; but derscored too heavily. school authorities everywhere are hard upon the trail of those problems now, and their discussion Some principals insist that the teacher should not here would be a waste of time. sit. She may have been very heroic in coming to Now I wish to get at causes that are almost en- school when she was indisposed and should have tirely in the hands of principals and superinten- remained at home, yet she must not sit, though dents; and for this purpose many letters from many things can be done better sitting than stand- grade teachers are most illuminating. Let me ing. I can name one large city, with scores of quote: From a faithful, efficient teacher with teachers , not in this state, however, where the su- years of successful experience behind her. “ It is perintendent requires his principals to report not so much the work that wears, as the worry try- promptly to him as a black mark the fact of any ing to follow other people's ideas instead of your teacher found sitting when the principal enters the own." And this next I wish I could drive home room. Think of that ! And in a country that only with a hammer of Thor : "The heads of educa- recently has been trying to civilize the uttermost tional work, many of them, have not taught for parts of the earth. A man.-so-called, so densely years; they have forgotten how much drill is needed ignorant or so viciously indifferent to the needs of to nail certain truths, how little a child can really human anatomy isn't fit to be foreman of a slaught- take in and retain. Each is ambitious to make a er house. He's better qualified to be supervisor showing, and, alas, too often at the expense of pupil of civilization by water cure in the Philippines. and teacher. I want my children to gain power, Many times here the point is urged that teachers but I see very little show for them. At present on should leave their school work and all thoughts of my program more time is spent on dabbling in water it behind them when they leave the school house. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 3 It is true, pitifully true; but the teacher does not These same papers should be corrected in the pres- burn the midnight oil in the most abominable of ence of the pupils." all school drudgery just for fun. She must do it And then the reports that are often required. in many, I think in most cases, or places. I have The absurd lists and statistics and averages and here some sample daily programs. The essential percentages that are rarely made any use of, per- features are alike in them all. Here, for example, haps never referred to again. They are such a a seventh grade teacher with fifty-eight pupils has hopeless waste of time and vitality. seventeen recitations a day, most of them requiring Principals and superintendents : Cut off the special preparation by the teacher, some of them written work; cut off most of the reports; cut off a great deal of it, and many of them yielding great the frills and furbelows and fads and folderol, and bundles of written work which the teacher must then the advice to the teacher to leave school work read, correct, grade, record, and return. Yet she at the schoolhouse would cease to be such a ghast- has not one moment during school hours for prep- ly sarcasm. aration or to correct written work, and shortly Please do not misunderstand me . I do not make after the pupils get away the janitor comes in to sweep and she must go. Tell that teacher that all any appeal for the lazy or indifferent or incom- petent teacher ; nor for the teacher who wears her- she has to do to keep young is to leave her school self out by dancing till two or three o'clock in the work and all thoughts of it behind her when she morning, or something like that ; nor yet for the leaves the building. Very simple plan, isn't it ? It's unfortunate ones to whom nature or fate has denied more than simple, it's idiotic ! the full equipment of physical or mental vigor ; nor I quote from another grade teacher, who has for weaklings from any cause or in any particular. proven her efficiency in two of the largest cities of I must confess a feeling of almost contempt for the state : "One teacher who has taught here for the man or woman of any occupation who must years told me that the day before, her principal in- take Hood's Sarsaparilla. formed her that their baskets were not right and As I come to the next point I know I am tread- would all have to be started over. I had called ing on dangerous ground, but I am not there en- on this teacher an evening a little while before, and tirely alone. I refer to teachers' meetings and the while visiting with me she kept on working with incidental professional study. I shrink from op- her raffia and rattan. Teachers have tugged home posing my puny judgment to the "wisdom of the large boxes of raffia and rattan night after night ages, " of the Dark Ages, and so I was glad to and spent most of their evenings working on these have Supt. Uline of Mankato say in his letter : mats and baskets." Keep their evenings for rest "Some superintendents overdo the teachers' meet- and recreation ! They would be glad to if they ing and reading circle business, too." I should could. think they do. And a doctor of long experience But the one feature of school work that is the and high eminence in the profession writes : "Do most appalling drudgery of it all is written work ; not insist on a teacher ' improving her mind' ; over- practically all of it useless, and much of it a positive training is as bad in education as in athletics." Do harm to the pupil. Written work at the board, or you want to know what the teachers think about even at the desk, that is corrected then and there, is it ? I have questioned scores of them, and with- of great value ; but written work that is corrected out one dissenting voice I get replies like these : by the teacher alone, after it gets cold, and returned From a long successful eighth grade teacher, her- to the pupil after he is already overwhe'med with self a principal,-"There is very little benefit ob new work, that is worse than folly. That suggestion tained from the ordinary teachers' meeting. They is so radical that I would hesitate to give it if it were are usually held when teachers are physically weary only my own; but, fortunately, it is volunteered in and when a complete rest would be of more benefit. most emphatic terms, without my suggestion, by In some parts of the state professional reading has several of the very highest authorities in this and been sadly overdone." Another, who has had suc- other states. For example, a lady who has been cessfui experience under three superintendents : a very successful principal for many years, serv- "Teachers' meetings have been simply time wasted." ing in the larger cities of two states, writes : " One One of the best teachers I ever saw at work, a afternoon a week for written work, review, correc- born teacher and master of everything she touched tion and re- written work in class would be worth in the schoolroom, did magnificent work in two more to the pupil than red ink marks for a month, cities and then, of course,-got married. She says,-- for he would help find his mistakes." Pres. Coop- "I always detested teachers' meetings. A whole er of Mankato Normal writes : "The wear and hour, frequently more, was spent in studying Mc- tear which brings about this lamentable condition,- Murry's Methods. Nearly all of us had had a the early decadence of the teacher, can be greatly year or so of methods at some normal school, col- lessened by requiring far less of written work, much lege or university, and to say that we were heartily of which is useless, much more harmful. " Pres. sick and tired of it is putting it mildly." Of course Millspaugh, Winona Normal: " I am still more this does not refer to the occasional teachers' meet- strongly convinced that the amount of written ing to consider for a few minutes or longer some- work required in many schools is a positive injury thing or several things that may really need the to the pupils, hygienically and educationally, and a attention of all the teachers. One of the best, cruel burden to the teacher." Supt. Denfield, Du- most effective, most inspiring teachers I have ever luth: "There is much that the teacher and the known says he makes it almost a religious duty school authorities can do to make the work less not to read anything on the method or art of teach- burdensome, especially in the matter of correcting ing, and he objects to any teacher doing it, because papers. Carrying papers to one's room for the pur- its tendency, so far as it has any tendency at all, pose of correcting the errors is a waste of time. (Continued on page 5.) 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION identical lines and at an identical cost-may vary from a remarkable degree of excellence down to the BULLETIN verge of positive neglect. Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, Under the circumstances described, it is evident Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, that the existence of a certain number of excellent December 23, 1901. schools cannot be attributed to the influence of su- THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the pervision at all, but is due simply to the fact that year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of a certain number of those who for one reason or AprilandDecember, by the Chicago Teachers' Federation. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single another-accident, pull, examination, or what not- copies, Five Cents. ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received have received appointments as principals happen to byTuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to have been born with that happy combination of fac- the order of the Federation Bulletin. ulties essential to success in a supervising principal, THE EDITOR , and not to the fact that they have been put in their 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO. places by reason of their possessing those faculties, Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. or by reason of having developed them as a matter of necessity while in the service of the schools. In WHY OUR IMPROVED EDUCATIONAL MA- truth, the fact that these principals are exceptionally gifted may not even be suspected by their supervis- CHINERY FAILS . ing officers, who are as likely as not to pick out as By J. M. Rice Editor The Forum, in July- September their strongest principals some who may know a Forum . great deal more, but whose practical efficiency is far inferior. What I have said is, of course, not While the fundamental purpose of supervision intended to indicate that a scholar is necessarily a lies in seeing that the education of the pupil is not poor schoolmaster or that one who is lacking in neglected, the latest style of supervision has prac- scholarship is necessarily a good one. But it does tically lost sight of the pupil, and has concentrated mean that one can get the knowledge without the its efforts upon seeing that the education of the knack, as well as the knack without the knowledge; teacher is not neglected. And the most advanced and it is the knack and not the knowledge which form of supervision manifests itself by demanding it is the purpose of supervision to develop. greater theoretical qualifications on the part of In consideration of all this, it is evident that if those who seek appointment, and by laboring to supervision has been added to the educational ma- ward the improvement of their minds after their chinery for the purpose of advancing the education appointment, through conferences, lectures, visits of the teachers, it has done its duty to the full, as to class-rooms, and, in many instances, promises we cannot justly complain that the education of of promotion upon their ability to pass certain spe- those appointed in recent years in communities cified examinations in general and professional maintaining a well-regulated school system has subjects ; while efforts looking to the discovery of been below the plane of reasonable expectations, or what the pupils get out of all this hubbub are that not enough has been done for the education of looked upon as signs of mental depravity. the teachers in the service. However, if supervi- It must not be supposed that I am so foolish as sion has been established for the purpose of seeing to believe that, all other things being equal, the that all the children in the system are receiving education of the teacher does not in any way ac- such an education as they are entitled to receive, crue to the benefit of the child. But I do main- then the amazing number of very weak schools tain, as a result of my study of the actual product proves that its capacity for good has been as yet of the schools, that there is no definite relation but little utilized, and that a change in its course between the amount of general or professional of procedure is required. And the change indicated knowledge possessed by the teacher, on the one is this, that once a teacher has received her appoint- hand, and her success as a teacher, on the other. ment by reason of her theoretical qualifications, In fact, so loose is the connection between these which should naturally be pushed as far as condi- two things that one who is exceptionally well up tions will permit, she shall be made to feel that her in theory may be very much of a failure as a class tenure of office, her standing as a teacher, and any teacher, and a signal failure as a supervising princi- further rewards to which she may be eligible shall pal , whose efficiency depends upon executive abil- be dependent not upon upon her methods of teaching, ity, common sense, and the power to see things not not upon her conscientious attendance at meetings, with the eye of a theorist, but just exactly as they or any other evidence of a desire for self-improve- are. Consequently, a supervisory system so con- ment, but solely upon her professional success as ducted as to distribute its rewards to teachers in manifested by the intelligence and efficiency of her proportion to their standing as scholars, and failing pupils. to give them any credit for their ability to develop Therefore, setting aside a certain degree of ami- their pupils, could not fail in due course of time to ability in disposition, such as will assure the main- turn things topsy-turvy, and to render efficient tenance of a wholesome atmosphere in the class- workmanship-the end and aim of it all-an inci- room, supervision should no longer be guided by dent or an accident rather than a matter of design. the principle that by keeping an eye upon the And that things are now as topsy-turvy as they can teacher the education of the child will take care very well be, and demonstrate a condition par excel- of itself, but should instead act upon the principle lence which it has been the purpose of supervision that by concentrating its attention upon the pupil to avoid, has been amply proved by the fact brought the education of the teacher will take care of itself. to light through my tests, namely, that the condi- This means, of course, that the teacher shall be tion of different schools-schools conducted on looked upon as an independent worker, responsible CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 5 for the accomplishment of certain definitely pre- HOW TO SAVE THE TEACHER. scribed minimum results, to be obtained in a way (Continued from page 3.) best suited to her individuality, and that her rating and right to advancement shall be determined by is to transform a living personality into a dead ma- the product of her efforts, i. e., by the intelligence chine. I would hardly go that length, but there's and efficiency of her pupils. This does not in any a good deal more than a "grain of truth" in the sense mean that the teacher shall cease to develop ; suggestion. but it means that the degree of her development A superintendent of the state who has had long- shall be measured by the degree of the develop- er and more successful experience at one post than ment of her pupils. Nor does it mean that she shall any other superintendent I know, says this, I rec- be deprived of the opportunities now afforded to orimend it to the rest of you : " I do not wish my her through the supervisory department for sug- teachers to take up any line of study except such gestion, assistance, and instruction, if she cares to as they choose for their own recreation. No avail herself of them; but it does mean that the psychology or sociology or technology or any other nature of the self-improvement that she will seek ology for me." Another superintendent, who did under those circumstances will have a more direct splendid work in this state for several years till bearing on the needs of her work than it has here- promoted to a high college position in another tofore had; and it means also an end to that harass- state, used to tell his teachers : "It is none of my ing and positively nonsensical form of supervision business what studies you pursue, or whether any. which compels the experienced teacher to be guided We were engaged here under the same circum- in her methods by those who have been so fre- stance, each to attend to his own work, and I was quently made her superiors not by virtue of superior not engaged to further or complete your educa- ability, but simply by virtue of superior pull. tion." City superintendent or county superintendent : BOARD OF EDUCATION. Suppose you should accept a new position where, Wednesday, October 26, 1904. besides superintending, you were to teach physics and chemistry, and botany and astronomy, and al- The following reports were concurred in: gebra and geometry, and civics and ancient history, That Harriet Smither, a former teacher who and bookkeeping and classics, etc., etc.,-the grade holds a valid certificate as teacher of manual train- teacher carries more than that. Suppose you ing in the elementary schools, be assigned to duty signed a contract and came on to do the work. Sup- as teacher of manual training for a probationary pose the school board should call you into their first period of four months, beginning October 17, 1904, meeting and say : "We know you are qualified for and that her salary during her probationary period the position here. Your recommendations and ref- be fixed in accordance with the rule of the board erences convinced us of that or we would not have for adjusting salaries of teachers in the elementary hired you. But we think it would improve your schools who are transferred to other departments. intellect and increase your power if you would That the name of Flora Seator Hampton, be study ' The Philosophical Basis of Theism.' The placed on the list for appointment in accordance book will cost you only six dollars, and you ought with the rules. to have it in your library anyway, so we will ex- That Mabel A. Vincent be awarded a certificate pect you to master four chapters a week and come as teacher of manual training in the elementary into our board meeting every Friday evening and schools. tell us all about it." What would you say to that That Marie A. Dunne, who holds an elementary school board ? I don't know what you would say, principal's certificate, be elected head of the Kelvyn but I know what I would say. I'll not tell you Grove Branch of the Nixon School at an additional though, for it wouldn't sound well in a church. salary of $75.00 per year over the regualr schedule Just a word about summer schools. Of course of clementary teachers, according to the rules. a girl just out of High School, and wishing to Laura Ashleman, who was elected teacher in the teach, ought to review the common branches, and Austin High School for part time, be paid for five- the teachers' examination ought to be severe enough sixths' time, beginning October 3, 1904. to require it of her; but the best and cheapest place That the teachers named below, have been to do it is at the business college of her nearest transferred from positions in the elementary schools city. But what is the sense or the justice in re- to the department of manual training and household quiring an experienced teacher, just when she arts for probationary service of four months, in should rest and revitalize for the next term, to accordance with the rules, to date from September spend half her savings from last term and most 5, 1904: all the vitality she has left over, attending sum- Teachers of Cooking-Cora Winchell, Mary mer school, studying what probably she has taught, Hartwell, Helen M. Holmes, Nellie Wolcott, Kath- and taught well, for years ? If she could earn, say, ryn Barry, Florence Winchell, Jennie D. Moore. $100 a month there, it might be justifiable ; other- Teachers of Sewing-Mary G. Merritt, Clara E. wise it's almost or entirely an outrage ; and I have Law, Estello M. Hubbell. never yet found a single teacher who thought oth- Teachers of Manual Training-Margaret Ten- erwise, except a few of those who teach in sum- nent, Florence E. Rice, John M. Forsyth, Laura E. mer school. Holmes, William O. Helbing, Joseph Barnebee. This point is so important I must clinch it by A communication from the president recommend- higher authority. Superintendent Uline, Man- ing that the action of the board in setting aside kato, was to discuss this paper and I sent him a Nov. 4 as " Charter Day" in the schools be re- copy. At the last moment he found it impossible scinded, was concurred in by unanimous vote. to be here this afternoon, but he wrote me this : 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. " I heartily agree with every sentiment expressed- ANNOUNCEMENTS . particularly what you say of the summer school." There is no higher medical authority in the North- west than Dr. Eugene Riggs of St. Paul. I did not mention summer schools to him, but in his letter CLAIMS FOR BACK SALARY . he says : "A word about the summer school. Its only possible justification is the bringing of teach- The list of new claims for back salary due for year of ers together with the inspiration and helpfulness 1900 is now closed and no additional slips can be received. arising from such association. It should broaden their horizon, intensify their enthusiasm, deepen FEDERATION DUES . their purpose. This is easily accomplished in a few days' time ; but the essential purpose of the Membership dues are now due and may be paid to the correspondent of your school or mailed direct to the summer school for work and study during vacation, is more than a fault, it is a crime. Unfortunately, Financial Secretary, Miss Catharine Goggin, 437 Unity so long as the vacation school exists there will be Building. Dues two dollars, membership in Mortuary found teachers who will feel compelled, he might Fund Department fifty cents, which includes the first as- sessment. have said will be compelled,-to avail themselves of it. " County superintendent : Please don't brush that aside as the maundering of a callow TRIP TO ST . LOUIS . youth from a little cross-roads high school. It has Many requests have been received asking that a Thanks- better backing, and, besides, it is true. giving trip be arranged to the St. Louis fair. Such a trip, Let us take a hint from Old Soldier's Day, and if decided upon would probably be upon the following lines. Old Settler's Day ; and let us establish a Teacher's Leaving Chicago Wednesday evening, November 23, and Day, some day in June, the same for the whole reaching St Louis Thursday morning ; spending Thursday, state, with a teachers' reunion for each county at Friday and Saturday at the fair either remaining in St. some lake or grove. Give the day up to picnic Louis for Sunday and returning Sunday evening to Chi- and festivity and acquaintance and fun, and a little cago, or, leaving St. Louis Saturday evening and arriving spread-eagle oratory. That one day would benefit in Chicago Sunday morning. the teachers more than summer school till the crack The Wabash, Alton, Eastern Illinois and Illinois Central of doom. railroads run night trains at convenient hours and teachers City superintendent, principal, county superin- who wish to take the trip are requested to indicate their tendent : The health and welfare, and the fate of choice of roads in order that sufficient reservations may be the teacher, are very largely in your own hands. made. Send this information to the St. Louis Trip Com- What are you going to do about it? mittee at Federation Office, 437 Unity Building . Estimated cost of trip : Fare, $6.00 ; board, three days, SCHOOL CHIEF REFUSES INCREASE . at $ 2.00 per day, $6.00 ; entrance to fair, three days, $ 1.50 ; Suggests That Poorly Paid Teachers Should Get incidentals , $ 1.50. Total, $ 15.00. If Sunday is spent in St. Louis, $2.00 must be added to this sum. More Money. Rahway, N. J., Oct. 15.-The Board of Educa- CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION . tion at its last meeting wanted to raise the salary of Superintendent Broom, now receiving $ 1,800, The regular meeting of the Chicago Teachers' Federa- as a recognition of his good work. Previous to tion will be held at 412 Masonic Temple, November 12, 1904. the vote being taken Superintendent Broom arose The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teachers' Feder- and gave the board to understand that as superin- ation will meet Monday, October 31, at 4 p. m., in Room tendent he was working hard for the schools and 437, Unity Bldg. FLORENCE E. TENNERRY, that if the board had money to increase his salary it would be better to divide it among the poorer Cor. Secretary. paid teachers. No increase was voted. NOTICE . CLIMATIC EFFECT . During the last few weeks a number of teachers An amusing story of a very black customs in- have verbally expressed an intention of going to spector was sent to us by Hedge Mustain, Rocky St. Louis . If such teachers will send in their Comfort, Mo. names it will oblige the committee. The inspector boarded a German steamship the other day. The immigrants did not take to him, protesting that he could not speak the language. Only the deaf and dumb "Oh, yes, he speaks German, all right," was the fail to appreciate the reply of an old-timer. "Try him. " "How long you been in dais contree ?" said a prospective citizen from the low country. TELEPHONE "Drei months," said the colored inspector, gut- turally. now-a-days . "Drei month !" exclaimed the German. "Ant so much color change ? I go me back to Zhairmany Business Residenc& per day e 5 Cents and up . py ter next steamer !" CHICAGO TELEPHONE CO . Write it in your heart that every day is the best 203 Washington Street. day in the year.-Emerson. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 7 PIANO BUYERS Find Strong Temptation -IN- October Sale -OF- The Manufacturers Annual Clearing at the Kimball Warerooms Means Much for Enrichment of the Home Life. Extraordinary piano buying continues at the Manufacturers' Warerooms, 243 Wabash Ave. , S. W. Corner Jackson Blvd. Besides being a powerful ap- peal to the money-saving motive, this sale includes many instruments of the highest type of the piano maker's art. Kimball Pianos are the product of a home factory. For years their praises have been sung by the world's masters in music. They are within reach of the purchaser of limited means, for they go directly from the great Kimball factories to the home. Unlimited resources of the producers enable them to give the purchaser possession of the instrument while making payment; hence the wisdom of many purchasers anticipating their wants by several months, for rarely do conditions bring such mighty inducements. FOR OCTOBER ONLY New Eastern Piano and Kimball Piano Player, regular price ...... $445 20 Rolls of Music, for operating the Player . ..... ..... 20 Total ............. .. $465 Special Offer, complete . .. ... $275 Easy Payments if Desired. W. W. KIMBALL CO. (ESTABLISHED 1857) Southwest Corner Wabash Ave. and Jackson Blvd. 8- CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CARSON PIRIE SCOTT & CO . STATE AND MADISON STREETS—Building formerly occupied by H. G. Selfridge & Co., andby Schlesinger & Mayer. Telephone, Private Exchange, 2. " We Find Everything Here Far Beyond Expectation" That was the unvarying comment of visitors during our Autumn Opening. Such emphatic approval of what we have accomplished, after only two weeks in the new location, is our war- rant for repeating: We have the Facilities, the Merchandise and the Prices to make this the most satisfactory shopping place in Chicago. Every day, as the house organization settles into the new surroundings, brings improvement. THE BASEMENT STORE offers remarkable values every day. New goods at very low prices. Broken lines from the old store at sharp reductions from closing out sale price there. Interesting New Silks and Velvets. THE Burlinghamsand Burlingham sacking rough silk suitings, the daintyWarp Print pompadoureffects and the broad tail velours, the warm rich colored mousseline and chiffon dress velvets, with the hundred or more other weaves, make an attractive collection that will repay a visit. Second Floor Imported Satin Messaline-sheer beautiful quality-ahappy purchase of an importer's delayed shipment, enables us to offer 50 piece in a splendid assortment of colors, including white and ivory, at a sale price; a yard.... $1.00 Shirt Waist Sulting Silks-Special new designs Mousseline Bengalines-An imported silk and Plaid Taffetas-Clan colorings as well as the in the small faconne on checks; we offer unusual values at $1 and .. 75c dress and able one; desirable; all colors, yard modest French tones; leading val- ues-yard, $1.25. $1.00 and...... 85c Plain Louisines, Peau de Cygnes, Crepe de Chines, Taffetas unequaled at 85c, 75c and 58c. BLACK SILKS VELVETS We are generously proud of our new possession, the celebrated Moleskin, velour and broad tail velvets for cloaks at lowest "Moneybak." long wearing black dress silks. With the pur- prices. Mousseline chiffon silk velvets, new browns, chase ofeach dress you carry genuine silk insurance. $1.25 Ayrd, $2.00, $1.50 and.. terra cotta, leather, $2.50, 82.00 and ...... $1.50 Black paon and chiffon velvets from $1.00 85c black silk crepe de chines and taffetas, genuine bar- gains 68c $5.00 Odd lot of all silk Lyons velvets, 85 00 quality, good color assort- 75c imported black taffetas-special ment, many of the season's new shades, reduced 58c to ........ $2.50 Box Hoisery Sale: Prices Lower Than Ever. Importations for H. G. Selfridge & Co. to Be Disposed Of. THAT tells the reasonwhyweare ina position to make this arecord-breaking box hosiery sale. Thousands of dozens of pairs ordered abroad for, and stamped with name of H. G. Selfridge & Co. came to us when we parchased this business. It is all new, desirable merchandise. But we desire to have on our shelves only the Eiffel brand hosiery. Hence these prices. First floor. WOMEN'S HOSE. MEN'S HOSE . Reg. price, • Perbox, Reg. price, • Perbox, Reg.price, Perbox, perpair. Sixpairs. perpair. Six pairs. perpair. Six pairs, 250heelBlack cotton, and toes ......double , sole, $ 1.00 50c Black cotton, with linen spliced double sole, heels and 250Blackcottondouble sole of $ 1.00 toes . $2.15 350Blackcotton white double or split $ 1.25 350 Black lisle, fine gauge; black cotton, split sole or white foot... $1.35 75c Black cotton, brilliant mer- cerized black gauze lisle or $2.50 400 Black cotton fine gauze... $ 1.50 black cotton, extra heavy...... 50c Black cotton, double sole, 40c Black lisle or cotton, split sole and ribbed top........ $1.65 $1.00 Black brilliant lisle or $4.00 hand seamed. $ 1.75 black cotton.... 60c Fine Egyptian, black cotton, 50cBlack lisle thread; very fine or split sole or white feet .. $2.00 splitsole, blackcotton,very fine, $1.85 ingrainlisle; 81.25 Blacksplit four $5.00 75c plain black fine cotton or outsize or ribbed tops........... sole... mercerized. $2.50 Children's 35c linen knee hose, outwear all other kinds, 3 pairs for 75c. In the Basement Store: Women's plain black cotton, box of six pairs, 65c, 75c, $1, $1.15. Men's, 45c, 60с, 75c. Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin 100 Vol. 3. CHICAGO , NOVEMBER 4, 1904 . No. 38 . HOW CAN THE COMBINED INFLUENCE OF while every other phase of life and action in the⚫ HOME AND SCHOOL ELEVATE THE social, industrial and political world has changed. By this I mean that to the minds of four- fifths SOCIAL STANDARD OF THE of the people and many of the teachers, the schoon SCHOOL? is still a place for intellectual culture only, where books are to be studied for the facts in them and Address Delivered Before Chicago Woman's Club , the omission of thorough drill in the historical three Nov. 2, 1904, By Kate Starr Kellogg, Principal R's is a high crime . Lewis-Champlin School, Chicago. Any attempt to break down a hard and fast course of study and to render more flexible the un- It may be well-for the first few minutes of the yielding boundaries in which the expanding lives time allotted me to look at some of the most sig- of our children are imprisoned, is met with con- nificant phases of the educational movement which tempt by the large majority of business men who is to-day recognized as the most potent force in still emphasize the utilitarian motive as the right shaping our multiplex and many-sided civilization. one upon which to build all educational reform. For the last fifteen or twenty years awakened It may not be amiss also to consider some of the intelligence has been pouring the new wine of high conditions that now exist in these public schools, ideals into the old educational bottles with the result whose social life we are striving to lift higher. that they are like to burst. Education in its largest sense that of the school Old educational methods have been superseded. to be sure-but education through the printed book, Subject matter to be administered like Mr. Squeer's sulphur and molasses, in stated amounts through the newspaper, through travel, observa- at regular intervals-has, since the marvelous rev- tion, through the mingling of men with men, and elation of child study become an unknown world, through the contact of man with nature-all this waiting to be rediscovered. has made mankind increasingly conscious of self, The individual child now comes with the request that he be considered not only with his fifty-three and has provided a vastly increased content for his fellows en masse, but as himself most particularly. consciousness . He demands manual training, music, art, science When we try to sum up or to estimate this edu- and literature rightly correlated and administered. cational movement in all its forms we are dazzled He calls for physical, mental and moral exam- and perplexed, and yet, through these chaotic seem- ination, and his teacher must be able to sum him up ings, through economic struggles, and religious in all his various categories from his " fears " inher- upheavals , behind radical outbursts, and conserva- ited from some maternal great grand-parent, to his tive repressions, the truth dawns slowly but steadily freedom from possible contagion as evidenced in a upon us, that mankind is working toward unity, typical vaccination scar of the year 1901 . toward that far-off goal long since perceived by The modifications of the course of study, as seer and poet,-the solidarity of the human race. shown in the introduction of the so-called "fads " Of late the various classes and ranks of schools- meet with but little sympathy from the majority of universities, colleges, high schools, and common parents, while the child, who stands to-day the con- schools, have followed with clear-sighted purpose necting link between home and school, listening to the idea of mutual adjustment to each other. criticisms from the one and himself failing to com- The fact that education in all its phases should be prehend the purport of the other, becomes bewil- a unit, marks a most important step in the history of dered and frequently loses faith in methods that are education, and denotes the ascendency of the idea intended for his best development. that all kinds and classes of educational institutions Incredible as it seems , yet is it not true that we serve one grand aim. have been educating our children in two almost un- While the energies of school supervisors have related groups of school and home, not conscious, been employed in perfecting the organization of seemingly-that the long divorce between them teaching and in bringing it into true pedagogic could be ended and that in their mutual under- form, they have failed to recognize that human soci- standing and harmony, lay the only possibility of ety-to whose demands education is to adjust the real growth for the child. youth is not a fixed fact, nor a steady condition, Years ago Froebel and Pestalozzi made of the but is, itself, in a process of change. school a home. In our own time Col. Parker and The result is, that the school in its formal state, John Dewey with voice and pen have preached the has remained chiefly as its parents instituted it, gospel of this natural union, That some have lis- 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . tened is shown in the growth of Parents' Club that stand these things in my child; he never behaves have suddenly appeared in our midst. in this way at home," the teacher can only respond, Slowly but surely the great tide of civic con- " Conditions are very different in school. I do not sciousness is rising until it is penetrating the closely myself think they are right. But what can we do ?" guarded citadel of the individual home-that too That question insistently repeated as the child long has been the unconscious barrier in the path of journeys from elementary to secondary school is human development. demanding an answer of us to-day. It has assumed The mother is beginning to learn that, guard as the potency that always gathers about that magical she may, her individual child in her particular home word, " we." spot, it will avail little unless she reaches beyond its Parents and teachers draw close together in sym- narrow boundaries and make fitting the larger pathetic apprehension as the various manifestations homes of school, city and state, in which her child of the adolescent period, frequently beyond their must dwell. untried skill to direct , waken them at last to the con- I think this truth has been forced upon her templation of the child himself, not his rank in ⚫ through the realization that, somewhere along the examination. road, she lost her child. The child himself as the product, the child as Her own at home, where she lived in every phase the legitimate reaction of the work he has done, or of the developing life-at school, it entered upon not done, as the result of his home and school en- strange and devious pathways with whose wind- vironment modified by the stern fact of heredity. ings she was unfamiliar. Then it is that the mother realizes that it is not It seemed never to occur to her that she should enough to house, and feed, to dress and to attend walk there, too, at its side. She has seemed to feel to the religious instructions of her child. that within those sacred boundaries she was an There is a long period of time in which it is being intruder. That those were the teacher's rightful, taught in school ; she must know "how" and " why." inherited preserves, upon which her foot might not There are years, precious, plastic years, in which she venture . completely surrenders control of it for 200 days of If I am using the female gender alone, in talk- the year. ing of this supervision of the child's school life, it How is it being shaped in mind and soul ? Is it is because long years of experience have taught me more or less a responsible, interested actor in life? that the fathers, as a rule, leave all "that sort of Is it developing that power of initiative so essen- thing" to their wives, feeling that they have amply tial in a citizen of the republic? Is it learning to discharged their parental duty to their children live humanly and helpfully with its fellow beings ? when they have placed before them some tangible Does it go to school with joy, as the bird flies, lure, in shape of glittering watch or bicycle to be blithely, into its natural element, and is it bringing bestowed when class honors are proudly won. back, as the outcome of its freed energies a growing True, they occasionally assume sudden and per- life more beautiful than song ? emptory dictatorship and help the weaker vessel out Remember, it is the child as the product that we by " thrashing the boys." are thinking of. In the degree that marks, and Is it not they, alas, who most loudly protest spelling, and examinations make the child, we want against the so-called "fads" and long for the good them, too. After all, of what use are our Latin, old honest days of the McGuffy's Speller and the our Greek, our mathematics, of all our culture, if it New England Primer ? does not make easier and more beautiful, simpler The mother it is who guides the tender feet into and more sincerely helpful the lives of the human the friendly warmth of the kindergarten, and who, group about us ? later, initiates the little six-year-older into the mys- Toward this living, and to what degree, does the teries of the first grade. public school as now constituted contribute ? Here, alas, too soon she unfastens the clinging Because of the conditions that environ it, I be- clasp of the small reluctant fingers and, immersed lieve the social relations are those least developed in the heavy cares and responsibilities of home and within its walls . social life visits the school less and less frequently. From the child's first entrance into school, the Exhibition days and special exercises bring her to idea of promotion, of getting ahead of his fellows, the school. With many compunctions of conscience is, consciously or unconsciously, instilled into his she tries to sandwich an occasional call in between mind. her necessary trips to dentist and dressmaker. Later on, the competitive marking system, rein- Matters of discipline demand her presence, and forced by pressure at home, develops in the child from the fact that these are the usual explanations his egoistic and nonsocial tendencies. for the parent's appearance in the school, there has The spirit of mutual helpfulness that animates grown up a very singular attitude on the part of the games and work of the kindergarten soon dis- the child, who now objects to her visits. appears under the influence of the competitive "Don't come to the school, please; all of the boys system . will think I've been naughty." How many, think you, when the monthly report These visits of discipline, too, are not always is brought home hear the question, "You have stood productive of the most harmonious feeling between well in mathematics. It is easy for you. How parent and teacher. much time have you spent this month in helping Meeting only at long intervals and then to dis- Solon Slow ? " cuss the unpleasant topic of "Tom's very rude con- The spirit of social helpfulness develops best in duct in his class" it is not to be wondered at if the group work, where children together are construct- teacher and parent fail fairly to estimate each other's ing one thing, it may be building a house or a small point of view and that Tom, forsooth, is the loser. village, or, contributing each a separate part of one To the mother's expostulation, "I cannot under- picce of furniture, CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 3 Again, the group work means a limited number school higher, is going to demand some readjust- of pupils to each teacher, a course of study whose ments in the home before it is possible of accom- demands are most liberal, time, in which to work plishment. out ideas, patiently, slowly, and, lastly facilities and There is nothing so calming, so refreshing to our material with which to work. overheated energies as a little glimpse of the long It is alike inspiring and discouraging to the perspective that stretches on before us into the public school teacher to visit any of our great pro- great time we call eternity. Our pride must not be gressive private schools. She contrasts the groups so arrogant. Others coming after us have some- of from fifteen to twenty with her own fifty and thing also to do. What is the next step on this road some times sixty children. we are so hopefully and with good faith, traveling She notices the apparatus on every hand ready together? for use, the manual training and domestic science First of all, we cannot, armed with new and stren- rooms, the laboratory, the clay room for modeling , nous convictions, rush too hastily into those condi- the gymnasium and the music room, each with its tions of school life from which we have so long splendid equipment and specially fitted teacher. been aliens. She reflects that in the public schools manual We shouldbe but a disturbing element, where we training is given in the seventh and eighth grades would fain produce a better and higher order. only, that each class has but one and one- fourth We must study the schools and their life where hours a week, and that material is hard to get. they now are. We must discover the things that Below the seventh and eighth grades the only hamper them and we must do this, not only for provision possible for material is the fifty cents a those schools in which our own children are placed, year each pupil may be asked to contribute in the but for all schools existing as they do under widely grammar grades and twenty-five cents each in the differing conditions . primary. Anything above that amount that is A member of this Woman's Club, the other day, needed, the teacher must herself furnish. gave me a most illuminating interrogation. It has been shining in my soul ever since, and in its radi- In drawing she must derive her inspiration and ance I read a large part of the answer to the prob- help from the two brief visits, of twenty minutes lem now before us. each, the special teacher can make during the year It was, "Don't you want some member of our with, possibly, one or two institutes besides . art class to come and talk to your children about I had before me this morning the program sent the pictures in your school ?" me by the drawing teacher for her semi-annual vis- I don't know that I answered it fully. The sud- it, twenty minutes for each room and she says , " I den vista of possibilities I saw before me quite took cannot possibly see any one lesson finished, my time my breath away and I am afraid I forgot to answer is so limited." The teacher of to-day who must prepare herself properly. If I did, I present my apologies here and now. to teach intelligently to fifty- four children, ten or I saw the culture, the wisdom, the ripe knowledge twelve different subjects, including literature, music of literature , of music and of art that have for years and art, works under a terrible pressure that is in been garnered up in the store houses of our Wom- itself the greatest obstacle toward cultivating a so- en's Clubs poured forth through the social channels cial spirit in the school. of helpfúl human hearts, into the eager opening I am not portraying all this to discourage. I anı lives of the children of this city. simply trying to show you that the new educational How may we lift the social life of the school to a ideas are, at present, pouring too rapidly for the size higher level ? I answer, not in entertainment and and strength of the bottles. social function alone, but in loving service, from I am also strong in the belief that an intelligent which must grow the truest of social feeling. community, once awake to the necessities of the To translate book, art and musical knowledge case, and to the needs of their children will fur- into terms of actual service will be to enter into nish the new bottles. vital living relations that will of themselves solve We have to-day the broadest outline of study the problem of how to unify home and school. that has ever been presented to the public schools . Take for instance the construction work in a The sentiment in favor of manual training, do- school. In most public schools it is a bugbear, be- mestic science and construction work was never so cause of the lack of time, lack of material, and lack strong as now . of knowledge on the part of the teacher who must The time is ripe for intelligent action upon the give it. part of both parents and teachers and I believe Only yesterday a teacher said to me, "Oh, if I every indication points to their growing interest and only understood wood carving, if I had the time, willingness to do. money and intelligence, I could save four of my Is it not true that in the home as in the school, bovs from the street." the element of "time" is the one thing needful ? "Well," I said, the illuminating interrogation in Does not the agonized mother cry with the over- my mind, "perhaps we can find a mother who can burdened teacher, " Time ! Where is the time in teach it." And I think we have. which to socialize the school ?" I can imagine a period of construction work in a Have we not arrived at the place in our develop- big public school where teachers, parents and chil- ment where we must earnestly differentiate the real dren meet in happy work together. One group and essential things from the unreal and non-essen- 1 gathered from several rooms may be working in tial, and, unitediy, declare in favor of a mode of raffia, another in embroidery, others may learn the life so simple that time at least to live in, not out- necessary darning and mending, while another, spe- side the life of our children will be found ? cially selected, might be drawing from studies This great ideal of lifting the social life of the (Continued on page 5.) 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION desire for discussion of these questions was ex- pressed at this time, but the program gave no op- BULLETIN portunity. Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, An excursion to the Danville branch of the Na- Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, tional Soldiers' Home closed an afternoon given December 23, 1901. over to a consideration of our duty to deaf chil- THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the dren and a program furnished by the Forestry Com- year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of mittee. Such a visit is pathetic ! One inmate ex- AprilandDecember, by the Chicago Teachers ' Federation. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single copies, Five Cents. pressed the facts in few words : "Every thing is ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received done that can be done for us here, but you don't by Tuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to have your own folks to talk to." the order of the Federation Bulletin. The Legislative Committee will have several bills THE EDITOR , which will probably be presented at some future 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO . Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. time and therefore we refrain from mentioning them here. Abill providing for full suffrage for women, so ILLINOIS STATE FEDERATION MEETING . far as it is in the power of the legislature to grant The tenth annual meeting of Illinois Federation suffrage to women, was endorsed and will be taken of Women's clubs was held in Danville, III., October to the legislature at its coming session. 17th to 21st, inclusive. L. L. K. Your correspondent being unable to be present Monday missed a very interesting portion of the TEACHERS' PENSIONS . program, if the testimony of those present be ad- mitted. "What is going to be done about the teacher's The convention was formally opened Tuesday pension ?" is a question I have heard many times morning. in the last few months. The only reply I can give Mrs. Kimbrough of the Danville Clover club is the answering query, "What are you going to do presented the president, Mrs. Eugenie M. Bacon, about it ? What do you want done ?" The legis- with a gavel, which possessed peculiar historical lature meets this year. The present condition of value, having been made from a Lincoln tree. the so-called " Teacher's Pension Fund" is such that Mrs. Fithian, president of the Danville Woman's something must be done in regard to it and no club, followed with a cordial address of welcome. doubt something will be done. Shall the work be done by those all of those who see the necessity Mrs. Bacon responded in a happy vein, giving a for and believe in the justice of a fund established short history of the organization. Mrs. Bacon and maintained by the state or shall we leave it to closes two years of effective and progressive admin- those who are opposed to pensions for teachers ? istration of the organization. Or shall we ask that, when we have become so old Tuesday afternoon ushered in educational sub- and helpless that we can do nothing but sit in a jects dear to the heart of a school teacher. We are corner and long for death, the state shall step in not permitted to recount all the good which was and grant us a pittance that shall serve to keep body seen and heard, but domestic science took a new de- and soul together till a beneficent power intervenes parture and avoided all unpleasantnesses by explain- and severs the cord that binds them ? Has the ing the standard loaf of bread, what its virtues teacher earned nothing better than this ? The po- should be but gave no royal recipe for attaining licemen and firemen are pensioned while they are them, thereby, avoiding all discussion. still in the prime of life and can then take up any Prof. David Felmley gave a paper on " The new occupation they choose. The officers of our Needs of Our Normal Schools ." He argued the army and navy are retired on half pay while in the necessity of higher regard by the public of profes- full vigor of manhood and the families of all these sional training for teachers, higher standards in the men are provided for when the original pensioner schools themselves and more ideal conditions for dies . This is right. The services they have given the teacher with these professional attainments. deserve recognition. But does not the teacher who The Library Committee, through Mr. Nelson , stands always in the forefront of the battle with state librarian of Minnesota, urged the benefits of ignorance and lawlessness, who has no paid fur- a Library Commission. The committee has travel- loughs, and who must be a miracle of strength or ing libraries valued at $ 10,000, which it is ready determination if she can live through twenty years to turn over to the commission. Twenty-two states of intense nerve and heart strain in a vitiated atmos- have found this an effective way of carrying on phere, deserve something also from the nation she library work and Illinois should adopt every good has served ? F. E. T. thing. An effort will be made in the legislature next winter to have the necessary law passed to PERMANENT TENURE FOR NEW YORK create such a commission . TEACHERS . Tuesday evening a reception was given to the visiting delegates in the commodious Woman's The State Teachers' Association, at its meeting clubrooms. in Ithaca in July, appointed a special committee on Wednesday morning was given over to the sub- legislation and instructed the committee to work to ject of civies. Judge Tuthill and Raymond Rob- secure legislation looking toward the making of bins, both of Chicago, through their interesting pa- teachers' positions more secure. pers, gave much food for thought. A manifest This committee will prepare a bill and secure its CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . introduction in both houses of the legislature at the HOW CAN THE COMBINED INFLUENCE OF HOME opening of the session. This bill will not ask for AND SCHOOL ELEVATE THE SOCIAL an appropriation, it will not deprive boards of edu- STANDARD OF THE SCHOOL? cation of their undisputed right of hiring such (Continued from page 3.) teachers as they may deem wise or of discharging skillfully arranged by a mother competent to do it. any teacher at any time for cause. The single point I have even hoped that the manual training room, for consideration is that after a probationary period now used but one day in the week, might open its of from three to five years in the same community doors to some friendly father or big brother who hasbeen passed to the satisfaction of the board of would introduce the longing fourth or fifth grader education of that community, a re-engagement into the fairyland of tools. means that the teacher thus re-engaged has a con- This would mean but one hour a week in time tinuous contract, not an annual one, which can be given. It would mean an incalculable amount in terminated only for cause, in short, that this branch increasing the value of that invaluable product, the of the public service be made as secure as the fire child. and police departments, etc. It would develop between parents and teachers Let the teachers of the state unite upon this one that sturdy " elbow to elbow" feeling that gives us issue. Do not permit any other to come up. Кеер courage on the long march, a sense of strong back- posted On the progress of the work and respond ing that takes away the weariness of fear . promptly to all calls of the committee.-New York Good times, purely social times, would spring out State Teacher. of the friendly relationship thus quietly established. Have we not mothers versed in the philanthropies THE CART BEFORE THE HORSE . of this great city, its parks, its playgrounds, its va- The Western Teacher. cation schools, and great charitable institutions who will come and awaken in the hearts of the boys and A prominent public school inspector says that girls a great longing for the City Beautiful which he has observed one almost infallible sign pointing they are to build ? to the excellent teacher. This is the quality and What a joy it would be in geography or history quantity of tone used in addressing pupils. So sure to have scenes described by the lips of someone who isthis a test that he says, the right sort of voice has actually seen them or illustrated with pictures means certain promotion. and lantern slides not obtainable in the ordinary Reasons for this are evident. An even, well school? controlled voice of pleasing quality shows that the In some favored sections of this city there are user of the voice has acquired self-control ; and the bands of mothers who have for years been studying self-controlled person is the one who can easily the problems of education under the most skillful control others . guidance. Might not they bring into the Parents' Clubs of Here, then, is a hint worth many dollars to hun- our schools that very nucleus of knowledge and in- dreds of teachers : Cultivate your speaking voice, spiration about which enlightened systems might and try to have it indicate a corresponding control grow ? of your entire physical, mental and spiritual organ- In those schools that have no Parents' Clubs are ism. The effect of the cultivated voice is not mere- many teachers eager for the truth that comes with ly to soothe, but also to charm ; and no small part of its influence lies in the imitation which, unconscious- authority from a new and sympathetic voice. I believe that such an infiltration of love and wis- ly, it inspires..-Popular Educator. dom would come as the sunlight does to the hidden We have no fault to find with the doctrine that seed, quietly, but with the quickening force of life the voice is (usually) something of an index to the itself. character. There are of course many exceptions. It would be, not an accretion of knowledge, but Some of the sleekest rascals we have known would a process of growth that would melt away all inter- pass for saints if judged by the voice alone. While vening barriers and reveal the fact that the school "a soft, low voice in woman" is a valuable asset to and the home life are really one. its possessor, yet there are many good women and Relations thus fundamentally and simply estab- excellent teachers who have squeaky voices-most lished in the elementary schools would lead naturally of them have such a tendency when excited or into a better social condition in the high school. strenuously in earnest. The inspector who would Perhaps some of the social aberrations we meet make "the right sort of voice mean certain promo- with there, are the natural and aggressive reactions tion" is either a fool, a fraud or a frivolous fellow. from a too formal, non-social condition in the grades. But granting all that is claimed for the voice as But whatever may have been the condition in the an indicator of character, how superficial to say therefore, " cultivate your speaking voice" ! A rosy past, I feel the new and happier day has dawned. Yesterday I lunched at the Cafe established by complexion usually indicates good health. Shall the Engiewood Woman's Club (in connection with we therefore use rouge , or booze ? the High School) . I looked at the long table of If the theory advanced regarding the relation of quiet, happy young men and maidens partaking of voice and equipoise is correct, then the advice should the most carefully prepared food in the most social be to cultivate self-control, a calm repose of soul. manner possible. I looked at the twelve interested Work from the inside, and the outward evidences mothers who, that day presided at the lunch, and of the inner life will come of themselves . Acquire my mind reverted to the time when the streets were the genuine essentials and all these things ( outward filled with these same youths and maidens who were accessories ) will be added unto you. rushing to and from the bakeries eating their scanty 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . luncheon as they ran. I went back to my own ANNOUNCEMENTS . school and in my office found the executive commit- tee of our Parent's Club busily planning for our yearly school entertainment. Two of the teachers, FEDERATION DUES . members of the committee, were in consultation Membership dues are now due and may be paid to the with them. One mother said to me delightedly, correspondent of your school or mailed direct to the "We have almost money enough for our stereopti- Financial Secretary, Miss Catharine Goggin, 437 Unity Building. Dues two dollars, membership in Mortuary con. " " Our" stereopticon ! What a comfortable Fund Department fifty cents, which includes the first as- sounding word that “ our” is. Three boys came into sessment. the office to report to the mother who is on the Building and Grounds Committee concerning some TRIP TO ST . LOUIS . seed they had been collecting, under her instruc- Many requests have been received asking that a Thanks- tions, to be planted on the school ground next year. giving trip be arranged to the St. Louis fair. Such a trip, I passed out into the hall. In one of the rooms if decided upon would probably be upon the following lines. the children were singing. The old familiar words Leaving Chicago Wednesday evening, November 23, and reaching St Louis Thursday morning ; spending Thursday, chimed in with my mood. Friday and Saturday at the fair either remaining in St. "Be swift my soul to answer him, be jubilant my Louis for Sunday and returning Sunday evening to Chi- cago, or, leaving St. Louis Saturday evening and arriving feet, in Chicago Sunday morning. For God is marching on ." The Wabash, Alton, Eastern Illinois and Illinois Central railroads run night trains at convenient hours and teachers who wish to take the trip are requested to indicate their Beware of little expenses. A small leak will sink choice of roads in order that sufficient reservations may be a great ship. made. Send this information to the St. Louis Trip Com- An approving conscience is better than an ap- mittee at Federation Office, 437 Unity Building. plauding world. Estimated cost of trip : Fare, $5.00; board, three days , at $2.00 per day, $6.00 ; entrance to fair, three days, $ 1.50 ; People who do the best they can to-day have the incidentals, $1.50. Total, $ 15.00. If Sunday is spent in St. way open before them to do better to-morrow. Louis, $2.00 must be added to this sum. TO TEACHERS CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION . LOANS BY A TEACHER The regular meeting of the Chicago Teachers' Federa- tion will be held at 412 Masonic Temple, November 12. 1904. At Live and Let Live Low Rates The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teachers' Feder- ation will meet Monday, Nov. 14. at 4 p. m. , in Room "First aid to the injured" in pocket promptly rendered. 437, Unity Bldg. L. A., Care of Federation Bulletin, 437 Unity Building. FLORENCE E. TENNERRY, Cor. Secretary. UNIVERSITY LECTURE ASSOCIATION In Co-operation with THE UNIVERsity of chHICAGO SECOND SERIES NORTH SIDE CENTER SOUTH SIDE CENTER Monday evenings , Lincoln Park Congregational Church, Tuesday evenings , All Souls Church , Oakwood Blvd. 707 Fullerton Boulevard. and Langley Avenue . History and Civilization of Egypt, by Prof. James Henry Our Natural Resources; their Economic Significance, Breasted, Ph. D. , Associate Professor of Egyptology. by J. Paul Goode, Ph. D. , Assistant Professor of Geo- (Illustrated with many stereopticon views. ) graphy. (Illustrated with many stereopticon views. ) Nov. 14-The Dawn of Civilization. Nov. 15-Geographic Location as a Factor in Commer. Nov. 21 -The Pyramids; the Oldest Human Buildings. cial Supremacy. Nov. 28- The Middle Empire; Social life in the time of Nov. 22-The Evolution of a Continent as Shaping its Economic Exploitation. Abraham. Nov. 29-Climate as a Natural Resource. Dec. 5-The New Empire; the Rise of Thebes. Dec. 6-The Age of Coal. -Egyptian Art. Dec. 12 Dec. 13-The Iron Industry. Dec. 19-Egyptian Literature. Dec. 20-When the Coal is Gone, what then? WEST SIDE CENTER Thursday evenings, Lewis Institute, Robey and Madison Streets . ADMISSION TICKETS The Modern Novel, by Richard Burton, Ph. D. , Profes- Course Tickets (six lectures) $1.50 sorial Lecturer in English Literature. Single Admission Ticket, 35c Nov. 17-The Beginning; Richardson & Fielding. Family, package, and membership tickets at reduced Nov. 24- The Development of Personality in Fiction. rates. Dec. 1-The Novel of Character. Dec. 8-The Novel of Action. Tickets may be secured at the lecture halls or of A. C. McClurg & Co. , 215 Wabash Ave. Dec. 15-The Triumph of Realism. Dec. 22-The Return of Romance. Information as to other lectures to be announced, and as to conditions upon which University Credit may be secured, will be sent upon application to WALTER A. PAYNE, Director, 58th St. and Ellis Ave. CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 7 PIANO BUYERS Find Strong Temptation -IN- November Sale -OF- The Manufacturers Annual Clearing at the Kimball Warerooms Means Much for Enrichment of the Home Life. Extraordinary piano buying continues at the Manufacturers' Warerooms, 243 Wabash Ave., S. W. Corner Jackson Blvd. Besides being a powerful ap- peal to the money-saving motive, this sale includes many instruments of the highest type of the piano maker's art. Kimball Pianos are the product of a home factory. For years their praises have been sung by the world's masters in music. They are within reach of the purchaser of limited means, for they go directly from the great Kimball factories to the home. Unlimited resources of the producers enable them to give the purchaser possession of the instrument while making payment; hence the wisdom of many purchasers anticipating their wants by several months, for rarely do conditions bring such mighty inducements. FOR NOVEMBER ONLY New Eastern Piano and Kimball Piano Player, regular price .............. .. $445 20 Rolls of Music, for operating the Player ...... ...... ... 20 Total ....... ... $465 Special Offer, complete . ....... $275 Easy Payments if Desired. W. W. KIMBALL CO. (ESTABLISHED 1857) Southwest Corner Wabash Ave. and Jackson Blvd. 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . CARSON PIRIE SCOTT & Co. STATE AND MADISON STREETS-Building formerly occupied by H. G. Selfridge & Co., andby Schlesinger & Mayer. Telephone, Private Exchange, 2. " We Find Everything Here Far Beyond Expectation" That was the unvarying comment of visitors during our Autumn Opening. Such emphatic approval of what we have accomplished, after only two weeks in the new location, is our war- rant for repeating: We have the Facilities, the Merchandise and the Prices to make this the most satisfactory shopping place in Chicago. Every day, as the house organization settles into the new surroundings, brings improvement. THE BASEMENT STORE offers remarkable values every day. New goods at very low prices, Broken lines from the old store at sharp reductions from closing out sale price there. Interesting New Silks and Velvets. THE Burlinghamsand Burlingham sacking rough silk suitings, thedaintyWarp Print pompadour effects and the broad tail velours, the warm rich colored mousseline and chiffon dress velvets, with the hundred or more other weaves, make an attractive collection that will repay a visit. Second Floor Imported Satin Messaline-sheer beautiful quality-a happy purchase of an importer's delayed shipment, enables us to offer 50 piece in a splendid assortment of colors, including white and ivory, at a sale price; a yard... $1.00 Shirt Waist Sulting Silks-Special new designs Mousseline Bengalines-An imported silk and Plaid Taffetas-Clan colorings as well as the in the small faconne on checks; we offer unusual values at $1 and.. 75c dressdesirable;and able one; all colors, yard modest French tones; leading val- ues-yard, $1.25, $1.00 and.... 85c Plain Louisines, Peau de Cygnes, Crepe de Chines, Taffetas unequaled at 85c, 75c and 58c. BLACK SILKS VELVETS We are generously proud of our new possession, the celebrated Moleskin, velour and broad tail velvets for cloaks at low- st "Moneybak. " long wearing black dress silks. With the pur- prices. Mousseline chiffon silk velvets, new browns, chaseofeach dress you carrygenuine silk insurance. SI.25 A yard, $2.00, $1.50 and... terra cotta, leather, $2.50, $2.00 and ...... $1.50 Black paon and chiffon velvets from $1.00 85c black silk crepe de chines and taffetas, genuine bar- gains 68c $5.00 Odd lot of all silk Lyons velvets, 85 00 quality, good color assort 75c imported black taffetas-special ment, many of the season's new shades, reduced 58c to ....... $2.50 Box Hoisery Sale: Prices Lower Than Ever. Importations for H. G. Selfridge & Co. to Be Disposed Of. THAT tells the reasonwhyweare in a position to makethis a record-breaking box hosiery sale. Thousands of dozens of pairs ordered abroad for, and stamped with name of H. G. Selfridge & Co. came to us when we parchased this business. It is all new, desirable merchandise. But we desire to have on our shelves only the Eiffel brand hosiery. Hence these prices. First floor. WOMEN'S HOSE. MEN'S HOSE . Reg. price, Perbox, Reg. price, Perbox, Reg. price, Per box, perpair. Sixpairs. perpair. Six pairs. perpair. Six pairs. 25c Black cotton double sole oг 250 Black cotton, double sole, heel and toes............... $1.00 50c Black cotton, with linen spliced double sole, heels and split sole . $ 1.00 toes.. $2.15 35c Black cotton double or split $ 1.25 sole or white foot..... 350 Black lisle, fine gauge; black cotton, split sole or white foot... $1.35 75c Black cotton, brilliant mer- cerized black gauze lisle or $2.50 cotton black cotton, extra heavy ...... 400Black fine gauze. $ 1.50 40c Black lisle or cotton, split sole 50c Black cotton, double sole, and ribbed top..... $1.65 $1.00 Black brilliant lisle or $4.00 60c Fine Egyptian, black cotton, $ 1.75 hand seamed. black cotton.... 50cBlack lisle thread; very fine or split sole or white feet .. $2.00 split sole, black cotton,very fine, $1.85 $1.25 Black ingrain lisle; four 75c plain black fine cotton or outsize or ribbed tops........ thread or split sole....... $5.00 mercerized. $2.50 Children's 35c linen knee hose, outwear all other kinds, 3 pairs for 75c. In the Basement Store: Women's plainblack cotton, box of six pairs, 65c,75c, $1, $1.15. Men's, 45c, 60c, 75с. Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin 100 Vol. 3. CHICAGO , NOVEMBER 11 , 1904. No. 39. THE NEEDS OF OUR NORMAL SCHOOL . there was little that could be called a science of ed- ucation . Later during the sixties and seventies Paper Read Before Illinois Federation of Women's the emphasis was laid upon method. It was be- Clubs, Oct. 18 , 1904, by David Felmley , President lieved that there is a right mode of procedure in Illinois State Normal University . the teaching of each branch and subject. Normal schools endeavored to discover and teach it. Nor- Mrs. President and Ladies of the Federation : mal method was often caricatured as if the phrase I esteem it a rare privilege to speak before so meant not merely right or natural method, but large and representative a body of the womanhood some new discovery, some patent prescription like "delsarte" with its secret formula that one could of our state upon the needs of our Normal Schools . It is natural and proper that this topic should find learn only at a normal school. The older college a place upon your program. Plato has said, " Man would reproach the normal school for its narrow cannot propose a higher or holier object for his scholarship and for its reliance upon "methods" so called. study than education and all that pertains to edu- cation. " While other schools educate, the normal But during the last twenty-five years the normal school alone chooses. for its subject matter the school has come to know its problem better. It process of education itself, and investigates its aim, recognizes that for success in the high calling of its scope, its means, and its methods . the teacher are needed at least three qualifications : Normal schools supported by public taxation as ( 1 ) A personality adapted to teaching ; (2) broad an intergral part of the public school system exist and accurate knowledge of the branches to be in all the states, territories and insular dependencies taught; (3) knowledge of and skill in the art of of the United States with the single exception of teaching. It recognizes, too, that the art of teach- Arkansas. They exist in all foreign lands where ing must take its law from the child, his instincts a public school system is maintained at state ex- and tastes, his capacities, his physical being, the pense. laws of his unfolding life. Systematic child-study The normal school owes its origin and more re- has laid the foundation of rational method. The cent expansion to the same demand that is creating normal school, however, has by no means solved its technical schools for every profession or vocation problem. Teaching is like its sister art, medicine ; that requires trained intelligence. It is the de- its rules of practice are still based more largely mand of civilization with its division of labor which upon experience than upon the rational insight finds further advance impossible without greater into the physiology or psychology of the child. individual efficiency in every field of activity. Un- The work of the normal school is constantly en- til comparatively recent times the apprentice system larging. It must grow with the development of has prevailed almost universally in all callings. public education, which in turn must meet the de- All arts and crafts were learned as girls learn to mands of advancing civilization . Progress in bake bread. Partly by watching their mothers, civilization depends upon division of labor. It de- partly under their direction, partly through experi- mands not passable skill in several lines, but high ence with the batches they spoiled, they mastered excellence in one line. Man must do his one thing the various stages of the process . well. No one ever got more than a fraction of his Now all this is changed. It is recognized that education from the school. The home, the play- the highest skill in any art cannot be acquired by ground, the church, political life, the newspaper, mere imitation, nor by the somewhat haphazard industrial life, society all aided the school in de- adjustment of means to ends, the failures and waste termining his habits, his knowledge, his ideas, his that we call "learning by experience." The high- character. But nowadays the school is a larger est skill rests upon a clear perception of the ends factor. School life occupies more years, more to be attained, a thorough knowledge of the laws days in the year, more hours in the day. Lessons that control the materials and conditions with which learned in school determine a larger share of our we deal. The arts of civilization are becoming ra- conduct, especially the conduct of our occupation. tional arts, based upon the underlying science, and For on the one hand we have lost the training of it is to discover and teach this underlying science the old farm home with its busy life, its hand labor, that the technical school, the professional school, and varied occupations ; on the other we meet the the normal school exist. demand from factory and office, from shop and The early normal schools in this country pre- store, for such education as shall give greater in- sented little more than good models for imitation. dustrial efficiency. They were headed by great teachers; their atmos- The last few years have witnessed the advent into phere was full of enthusiasm and consecration, but our schools of manual training, gardening and 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . household arts. Their coming has been due to two older studies, but little has been done with the new causes . First, teachers have recognized that in the studies. While manual training is taught in all, development of human powers occupation has been only one school has fairly good equipment, includ- a vital factor. The primitive industries, the use ing power tools. Two of the schools have school of tools , the cultivation of the soil, and the gardens in charge of trained gardeners educated various household arts fundamentally connected at St. Louis. Two have small greenhouses. Only with food, clothing and shelter, have educated the one maintains a special instructor for the natural race. The child cannot be severed from his past. sciences as related to agriculture. None of the His own development must recapitulate the educa- schools has made any provision for household tion of his ancestors. The other cause, already re- economics. In the case of the oldest and largest ferred to, is the demand from the arts and trades school no such provision can be made without an that the schools shall make for higher efficiency. additional building. For even now the nature study The old apprentice system in the trades is nearly and manual training classes are crowded into base- ment rooms . dead. The trade-school will take its place, and in Another need of our normal schools is better the earlier years is needed daily practice in hand- work to give precision to space conceptions and equipped gymnasia, with qualified instructors de- deftness in manipulation. The intensive agricul- voting their entire time to physical training. Only two have such instructors. One normal school has ture needed to feed and clothe the multiplied mil- lions of the future demands early acquaintance with no gymnasium. In these days of physical culture all that body of sciences upon which agriculture the teacher needs to be acquainted with various rests ; while every consideration of social well-being forms of hygienic exercise, corrective gymnastics requires that modern science shall enter the home and school games. She needs, in her own student to make it more wholesome and beautiful. days, to improve her health, to add to her grace These branches have already come into our best and ease of movement, to make the body the ready servant of the will. schools , and they have come to stay. They will be taught in the lower grades by the regular teachers, Another need in each normal school is a stronger in the upper grades by special teachers. At the musical department. Every mother before me de- State Normal Schools courses in the elements of sires the teacher of her children to be a person of manual training, agricultural science and household culture , sensitive to the finer influences of literature economics should be taken by the students partly and art and music. But a fine appreciation of as a necessary element in their own education as either pictorial art or music is rarely gained unless men and women, partly to understand the function one himself gain some skill as a performer, some of these branches in the general scheme of educa- acquaintance with the technique of the art. All tion. Teachers in the elementary school, more- the normal schools teach vocal music, but there are over, need enough practical acquaintance with the many students with indifferent voices who might material and method of the early work in these sub- acquire skill upon some instrument. Private les- jects to give efficient instruction in the grades . sons upon the piano may be had everywhere ; I have In the high school and grammar grades these in mind here the less expensive instruments, like branches, as well as art, music and physical train- the violin and flute, that become real companions ; ing, are usually taught by special teachers edu- as much a part of the student as his cap. cated in technical schools like Pratt Institute. When Another need in all our normal schools, in my thus educated in separate schools they often fail to opinion, is a well-furnished woman's building, to co-ordinate their work properly with other school contain study and sleeping rooms for, say, eighty studies. Their branch remains a thing apart, an students, a dining hall for twice that number, with excrescence or fad, in the estimation of parents, chil- parlors and reception rooms and quarters for vis- dren and regular teachers, rather than a regular itors, all in charge of a refined, intelligent, level- part of the school program. Such special teachers -headed, womanly woman. The majority of the should be educated in the normal school ; they need young women in the normal school are from farm the broad foundation in mathematics and general homes or from our smaller towns. They are splen- science that the normal school affords; they need did girls, eager to learn, aspiring, of the finest spirit the same knowledge of child-study and general and character. But their opportunities have often method, of the philosophy and history of educa- been narrow. Not a few have much to learn of tion; of school organization and administration . the usages of good society. They need to breathe the same atmosphere and ac- While such a building would accommodate only quire the same professional spirit as other teachers . a fraction of the student body, it would afford a Moreover, it will be found here, as has been found resort for all the women; and would furnish a stan- everywhere in the development of education, private dard of rooms and board which private parties agencies cannot be depended upon for a supply of would need to consider. well-prepared teachers. The greatest need of the State Normal schools In Massachusetts and in Wisconsin, where the of Illinois is more students. In the five. State numerous state normal schools are under the con- Normal schools to-day the total enrollment does trol of a single board, the problem has been solved not exceed thirteen hundred. Without any ma- by providing elementary instruction in all these terial increase in buildings, equipment or instructors lines at all the schools. At separate normal twice this number can be accommodated. Of the schools provision is made for training special teach- 5,000 new teachers that began work this fall not ers in some one of these subjects. A similar plan six per cent are graduates of Illinois Normals, not should be adopted in Illinois. over twenty per cent have had any normal instruc- While the Illinois State Normal schools are fair- tion. ly well equipped with buildings, library, lab- This unsatisfactory state of affairs is due to a oratories, training school, and instructors for the variety of conditions, all of which, I suspect, may CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 3 be referred to a single cause, a want of popular Do the children like the teacher ? Does he keep appreciation of the value of good teaching, a want order ? Both are good tests as far as they go ; yet of belief that teaching is an art that either rests this audience knows that the affection of children upon a foundation of scientific knowledge, or can is easily won; quite as easily by him who entertains be developed by training and study. In other as by him who instructs. The value of order in words, the people of Illinois do not seem to be- the school room depends very much upon whether lieve in the normal school. It is true that in many it is secured by threats and bribes, by appeals to of our larger cities, rules have been adopted by fear or selfishness ; or whether it is secured through the school boards providing that only teachers with the preoccupation of the children in interesting and normal training shall be employed. Yet even in profitable work. these the rule is frequently relaxed. The school I cannot argue this point longer. I submit the boards of our larger cities are likely to contain a proposition to your serious judgment that in no majority of intelligent and public-spirited men, but other form of service is the difference between true in our smaller towns, our villages and rural dis- excellence and mediocrity harder to detect. This tricts this is not always the case. The common be- fact puts trained and intelligent teachers at a serious lief seems to be that anybody can teach school- disadvantage. provided he can get a certificate from the county As a consequence of this state of popular opinion, superintendent. a young person looking to teaching as a profession Do you ask, Does not this state of public opinion may well pause before going to a normal school. prove that normal schools have failed to demon- What's the use? In the opinion of many, if not strate the value of professional training ? most school boards, the three years spent in pro- My reply is that teaching is harder to judge than fessional training at the normal school is of no any other kind of expert service. In most service more value than three years spent in any other requiring special knowledge or skill, if we cannot school, and of less value than three years of actual judge of the work while in progress, we can judge experience in teaching even of the poorest sort. of its results. If the blacksmith is unskillful the The normal school, therefore, needs a better in- horse goes lame; if the builder is a botcher, his formed public opinion, and rightfully demands of roofs leak, his doors sag, his paint scales, or his the agencies in our state charged with the shaping plaster falls ; the poor lawyer loses his case, the and administration of our school system such ac- physician his patient ; but for poor teaching there tion as will give to professional training due recog- is no prompt or ready test. In fact, most other- nition. I shall state three of these demands : wise well- informed people have very hazy notions In the first place the state legislature should of what the school ought to bring to pass. Our enact a law conferring upon normal graduates a people believe in education without knowing exact- state certificate good for at least three years, em- ly what the word means. Suffice it to say that from powering him to teach in any county in the state. a good school the youth should come forth with a The state has established the normal schools, has body sound, healthy and graceful, with a mind erected and equipped costly buildings for their use, furnished with a goodly stock of knowledge of the has provided liberally for their support. The stu- sciences that underlie our civilization, and of the dents pledge themselves to teach in the state for best literature in which its ideals and spirit are ex- as many years as they attend. Upon graduation, pressed ; it will have trained his powers of percep- bhaving completed the course of professional train- tion and reasoning ; it will have established that ing provided by Illinois for its future teachers, scientific spirit which does not believe and take for they may go to Minnesota, California and several granted, but weighs and considers ; it will have se- other states noted for the excellence of their schools , cured reasonable proficiency in reading, writing, and at once receive certificates good for life, but in drawing, singing, speaking and the art of good Illinois they must present themselves for examina- behavior. tion by the county superintendent before they can The daily administration of the good school will be employed by any school board. It is self-stulti- have established habits of punctuality, order, in- fication for the state thus to repudiate her own work dustry, courtesy and self-control, of fidelity to obli- and is a serious bar to the recognition of teaching gations, and a due sense of responsibility. It will as a profession . have implanted high ideals of life, the love of ex- 2. School boards should raise the scale of wages cellence, a passion for justice, a chivalrous sense and insist upon better preparation. In some cases of honor ; in brief, the school should turn out, to it is difficult to raise wages because of insufficient adapt the words of Milton, honest, honorable, high- revenue ; our bad tax laws are at fault. But dur- minded men and women, able to discharge justly, ing the past six years while all other wages and skillfully and magnanimously all the duties of pub- salaries have risen, teachers' wages have shown lic and private life. little advance. A farm hand can usually save more Now the best teaching will not always bring this than the rural school teacher. Other occupations to pass . It may be nullified by the influence of pay better and are less exacting. The number of home and street, of press and stage. The point is men teaching in Illinois falls off at the rate of 500 that few employers know what to expect from the per year. Teachers are growing scarce. County schools, fewer still can separate the mingled cur- superintendents must lower the standard of require- rents in adult knowledge and character and trace ments for certificates or leave the schoolhouse each to its source. In any case, to judge of to- empty. Young girls, fresh from the village schools , day's schools by results we must wait a genera- find ready employment. Why should they attend tion. Evidently, then, those charged with the em- the normal schools if professional training does not ployment and supervision of teachers need to know secure an advance in salary commensurate with the good teaching when they see it. cost of securing it ? Now, the average man asks only two questions, (Continued on page 5.) 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION St. Louis climate at the Thanksgiving season is like early October. BULLETIN Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, A smailer party will go by way of the Alton rail- road, leaving Chicago at 9 or 11:40 p. m. and reach- Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, ing St. Louis, Union Station, at 7:15 or 8:10 a. m. December 23, 1901. the following morning. The Board of Education THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the having decided to allow teachers to remain away year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of April andDecember, by the Chicago Teachers' Federation. from school Wednesday, with loss of substitutes' THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single pay, an additional day may be spent at the Exposi- copies, Five Cents. ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, Including advertisements, must be received tion. byTuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to the order of the Federation Bulletin. THE EDITOR , Low Salaries and Low Standards of Efficiency . 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO. Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. President Felmley in his address, published in full in this issue, makes it clear that low salaries operate to keep down or even to lower the standard ST . LOUIS TRIP. of requirements for teachers' certificates. The following telegram has been received from When Mr. Felmley blames low salaries to lack the president of the St. Louis Exposition : of revenue and lack of revenue in turn to bad tax St. Louis, Mo., Nov. 9, 1904. laws, he strikes at the foundation of the difficulty. Louie L. Kilbourn, If the teachers and patrons of the public schools Pres't Chicago Teachers' Federation, had President Felmley's clear understanding of the 437 Unity Bldg., Chicago. question of taxation and the relation of the subject Glad to hear teachers coming to Exposition to the efficiency of the schools, an early and rational Thanksgiving Day. Expecting large attendance settlement of the question of school revenue would from colleges and schools that week. Are preparing inevitably follow. special features of interest for Thanksgiving Day. DAVID R. FRANCIS, Pres . He says : " School boards should raise the scale of wages and insist upon better preparation. In some cases it is difficult to raise wages because BOARD GIVES TEACHERS WEDNESDAY, of insufficient revenue ; our bad tax laws are at fault . The Board of Education at its meeting Wednes- But during the past six years while all other wages day, Nov. 9, adopted the following recommendation and salaries have risen, teachers' wages have shown little advance. A farm hand can usually save more of the school management committee : than the rural school teacher. Other occupations That any teacher desiring to absent herself from pay better and are less exacting. The number of school on the Wednesday preceding Thanksgiving men teaching in Illinois falls off at the rate of 500 Day for the purpose of attending the St. Louis Ex- per year. Teachers are growing scarce. County position be permitted to do so with loss of substi- superintendents must lower the standard of re- tute's pay, one dollar and a half, provided she notify quirements for certificates or leave the schoolhouse the Superintendent of Schools prior to Nov. 21 of empty. Young girls, fresh from the village schools, her intention to do so. find ready employment. Why should they attend Arrangements have been completed for a Thanks- the normal schools if professional training does not giving trip to the St. Louis Exposition, leaving secure an advance in salary commensurate with the Chicago Wednesday, Nov. 23, and arriving in St. cost of securing it ? Louis Thursday morning. The larger party will leave by the Wabash rail- road at 9:17 or 11:30 p. m., occupying tourist sleep- CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION . ers. The World's Fair Station, directly opposite the main entrance, will be reached at 7:30 or 8 Chicago, Nov. 9, 1904. a. m. and breakfast may be obtained at the Harvey The regular meeting of the Chicago Teachers' restaurant in the station. The Exposition Assist- Federation is Saturday, Nov. 12, at 412 Masonic ant to the Secretary informs us that the World's Temple. With the possibility and probability of a Fair management is trying to arrange for a Thanks- new charter for Chicago, the interests of the schools giving football game between the students of Wash- of Chicago should be seriously considered. ington University and those of Haskell Institute. The Legislative Committee of the Federation will If these arrangements are perfected the day will report at the next regular meeting. Those having not lack its usual diversion. Estimated cost of trip : any interest in this matter should be present. A Fare, $6 ; lodging, 3 nights, at 75 cents , $2.25 ; full report will be made on the Mortuary Fund De- meals, breakfast, 25 cents ; luncheon, 35 cents ; din- partment ; also on the St. Louis trip. ner, 40 cents ; toal, $1.00 ; three days , $3 ; sleeper, Special order of business : Election of Vice- tourist, double berth, $ 1 ; admission, three days, President of District Two. $1.50 ; total, $13.75. If chair car is taken $ 1.00 less , or $ 12.75. As much more may be spent on inci- The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teachers' Feder- dentals and souvenirs as the purse will permit, but ation will meet Monday, Nov. 14, at 4 p. m., in Room $ 15.00 ought to cover it for those who go for the 437, Unity Bldg. educational value of the Exposition. Being nearly FLORENCE E. TENNERRY, Cor. Sec. three hundred miles farther south than Chicago, LOVIE L. KILBOURN, Pres. CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 5 THE NEEDS OF OUR NORMAL SCHOOL . not make a school any more than a kitchen range (Continued from page 3.) and dishes, chairs and tables, rugs and bric-a-brac make a home. There must be a presiding genius Our neighboring state of Indiana is wiser than to give life and meaning to all these dead things . Illinois in two ways : First, it has enacted a mini- If this Federation wishes to confer the utmost bene- mum salary law based upon the grade of the certif- fits upon the schools of Illinois, it should address icate by which the poorest teacher in the state shall itself to this problem, How to place in each school receive at least $34.65 per month, a salary larger an intelligent, cultured, competent and devoted than the average paid women teachers in thirty- teacher. Whatever tends to honor the teacher's nine counties of Illinois . profession aids the normal school ; its greatest need Second, it charges one man in each township is such honor and recognition. with the employment of all the teachers, elects him for four years, and in practice selects men of char- acter, intelligence and public spirit. The magni- CHICAGO TEACHERS' CLUB . tude and responsibility of his task secures careful work. Regular meeting of the Chicago Teachers' Club The third demand is that the state universities Saturday, Nov. 12, at Randolph Club, 82 Randolph and other institutions of like rank shall not dis- street. Luncheon, 35 cts. , I p . m. Speaker, Mrs. criminate against professional training. Such dis- G. A. Baker, chairman House Committee of the crimination is doubtless not intended ; our own Model Lodging House. state university in many ways distinctly recognizes EMILY A. HAYWARD, Cor. Soc., the work of the normal schools, as in accepting two 1280 W. Irving Park Boul. years' work in Normal as the equivalent of two MARY E. REYNOLDS , Pres . years in the university ; yet this distinction exists, and no small share of the growth of our state uni- 1 versities in the last eight years has been at the FEDERATION DUES . expense of the normal schools. Membership dues are now due and may be paid to the During these years the universities have devel- correspondent of your school or mailed direct to the oped their system of accredited high schools ; a Financial Secretary, Miss Catharine Goggin, 437 Unity condition of such accredited relation often is that Building. Dues two dollars, membership in Mortuary the high school instructors shall be not teachers Fund Department fifty cents, which includes the first as- of professional preparation at the normal school- sessment. but graduates of college or university. This re- quirement ignores a co-ordinate branch of the state BOARD OF EDUCATION . system of public education, and discounts the value of professional training. Ambitious girls desire Wednesday , Nov. 9 , 1904. to become high school teachers ; there is more sal- ary, prestige and social standing attached to such The following reports were concurred in : positions. Hence they go to the university to pre- The Superintendent of Schools respectfully re- pare for such positions in greater numbers than ports that he has received and has accepted the res- the high schools of the state can absorb . ignations of the following named teachers : Furthermore, high school teachers have the larg- M. Etta Adams, King ; Anna M. Evans, Cum- est voice in determining what higher institutions mings ; Bertha S. Forbes, Ericsson ; Carolyn Hunt, their graduates shall attend. The college graduate, Tennyson ; M. Mabel Megan, Lowell ; Celia V. Mur- having herself received no training in teaching, phy, Jirka; Fannie Ottenheimer, Harrison ; Char- ignorant of its value, often, indeed, holding the lotte H. Sievers, Englewood High ; Lida F. Wall, normal school in contempt, will send to college or Burroughs ; Eugene C. Woodruff, Lake View High. university young women who, in the end, are des- The following named teachers have been placed tined to become instructors in the grades. on the unassigned list in accordance with the rules, The high schools are right in desiring the de- since the date of last report from the Superintend- gree of scholarship attested by the university de- ent of Schools : Esther A. Berquist, Jessie E. Black, gree, but with it is needed a professional training Cecelia M. Brennan, Starry Carol, W. C. Hobson, far more thorough than any state university yet af- Margaret C. Kemmet, Dora McDonald, Katherine fords. In our own state the normal schools have B. Miller, Eva H. Reed, Mina H. Ropp, Charlotte urged their graduates to move on to the university Wightman. to secure the broader scholarship needed for the best high school positions. In Michigan, Iowa That the following named former teachers, who and Kansas, where the strongest normal schools hold valid certificates, be placed on the list for as- in the country are to be found, the normal course signment : Mary Temple Acton, Lena May Cox, of study has been lengthened to collegiate grade ; Leona E. Kochne, Leah Goldstein Wolf. degrees are given to the graduates. This is the That Elizabeth S. Morrison, a teacher in the only logical and consistent course ; for the state's Longwood Branch of the Alice L. Barnard School, professional schools should be prepared to train be elected head of that branch, and that her salary every kind of teacher needed in her public schools . be fixed at $75.00 per month in advance of the reg- In conclusion, I may say that the schools of Illi- ular schedule of salaries for elementary teachers, in nois will never be better than the teachers . In accordance with the rule. Illinois of late we have been erecting beautiful and The Superintendent recommends the election of sanitary buildings, we hang upon the walls copies Charles C. Krauskopf, who holds an elementary of the masterpieces of art, we furnish their lab- principal's certificate, to the position of principal of oratories and libraries, but these material things do the Patrick Henry School, at the salary fixed on the 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . schedule for the first year of the second group of continue until the hour for closing arrives. Pupils principals, $ 1,700, to date from November 14, 1904. of the first and second grades, who attend school The Superintendent further recommends the elec- both forenoon and afternoon, may be dismissed not tion of Frank Peregrine, a teacher in the Patrick more than three-quarters of an hour before the close Henry School, to the position of head assistant in of the morning session and not more than one- that school. half hour before the close of the afternoon session ; That Sections 152 and 153 of the Rules and Reg- provided, that at least one class shall remain in the ulations relating to hours of schools be repealed and room until the close of the session, so that no teacher the following be substituted in their place, in order shall be without pupils during any part of the school that the opening and closing of school may be def- day. initely fixed and in order that the giving of recesses Section 153-Recesses in Elementary Schools- to pupils shall be mandatory : All pupils of elementary schools shall be allowed a Section 152-Hours of Elementary Schools- recess each forenoon of fifteen minutes and each The morning session of the elementary schools shall afternoon of ten minutes, from the time they leave commence at nine o'clock with appropriate singing, their seats until again seated. Pupils shall not un- and shall close at twelve o'clock. The afternoon der any circumstances be deprived of recess . Ifthe session shall commence at one thirty o'clock and absence of a suitable playground makes an out-of- shall close at three thirty o'clock, or shall commence *doors recess impracticable, pupils shall have a recre- at one fifteen o'clock and close at three fifteen ation period of the usual length in their rooms or o'clock, as the special conditions at each school may in the corridors of the building. In such case, all seem to require ; provided, that principals may, not pupils desiring it shall be given an opportunity of oftener than once a month, close their schools one- leaving the room, either during the recess period or half hour before the usual time, for the purpose of soon thereafter. holding teachers' meetings. That the following named schools and branch The hours of opening and closing sessions in schools be permitted to begin and close sessions of schools in outlying districts may vary from the above school as at present authorized: Henry Clay provision for the purpose of accommodating teach- School, Riverdale Branch of the Pullman School, ers wholly dependent for transportation on steani Edgebrook Branch of the Jefferson Park School, railroads, when on application of the principal, per- Branch No. I of the Norwood Park School. mission for such variation is granted by the Board of Education. It is not enough to be industrious; so are the ants. In no case shall preparation for dismissal of What are you industrious about?-Thoreau. school be begun previous to the hour fixed for clos- The one eternal lesson for us all is how better we ing the session, but the regular school work shall can love. Henry Drummond. Your Last Chance The greatest fair in the world's history is drawing to a close. Even a few days' time there has great educational value. No teacher should fail at least to see the buildings. The trip may be made at small cost. The WABASH is the World's Fair line. It has its own station directly opposite the main entrance, where all trains stop to discharge passengers and baggage. Save time and avoid the crowded Union Station by purchasing tickets via the WABASH . Four daily trains. For further details, call on N. C. KEERAN , City Ticket Agt., or write to F. A. PALMER, A. G. P. A. , 97 Adams Street, 311 Marquette Bldg. CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 7 PIANO BUYERS Find Strong Temptation -IN- November Sale -OF- The Manufacturers Annual Clearing at the Kimball Warerooms Means Much for Enrichment of the Home Life. Extraordinary piano buying continues at the Manufacturers' Warerooms, 243 Wabash Ave., S. W. Corner Jackson Blvd. Besides being a powerful ap- peal to the money-saving motive, this sale includes many instruments of the highest type of the piano maker's art. Kimball Pianos are the product of a home factory. For years their praises have been sung by the world's masters in music. They are within reach of the purchaser of limited means, for they go directly from the great Kimball factories to the home. Unlimited resources of the producers enable them to give the purchaser possession of the instrument while making payment; hence the wisdom of many purchasers anticipating their wants by several months, for rarely do conditions bring such mighty inducements. FOR NOVEMBER ONLY New Eastern Piano and Kimball Piano Player, regular price .............. $445 20 Rolls of Music, for operating the Player . ... ....... .... 20 Total ........ ... $465 Special Offer, complete . ... $275 Easy Payments if Desired. W. W. KIMBALL CO. ( ESTABLISHED 1857) Southwest Corner Wabash Ave. and Jackson Blvd. 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . CARSON PIRIE SCOTT & CO. STATE AND MADISON STREETS-Building formerly occupied by H. G. Selfridge & Co., andby Schlesinger & Mayer. Telephone, Private Exchange, 2. " We Find Everything Here Far Beyond Expectation" That was the unvarying comment of visitors during our Autumn Opening. Such emphatic approval of what we have accomplished, after only two weeks in the new location, is our war- rant for repeating: We have the Facilities, the Merchandise and the Prices to make this the most satisfactory shopping place in Chicago. Every day, as the house organization settles into the new surroundings, brings improvement. THE BASEMENT STORE offers remarkable values every day. New goods at very low prices. Broken lines from the old store at sharp reductions from closing out sale price there. Interesting New Silks and Velvets. THE Burlinghamsand Burlingham sacking rough silk suitings, the daintyWarpPrint pompadour effects and the broad tail velours, the warm rich colored mousseline and chiffon dress velvets, with the hundred or more other weaves, make an attractive collection that will repay a visit. Second Floor Imported Satin Messaline-sheer beautiful quality-a happy purchase of an importer's delayed shipment, enables us to offer 50 piece in a splendid assortment of colors, including white and ivory, at a sale price; a yard ....... $1.00 Shirt Waist Suiting Silks-Special new designs Mousseline Bengalines-An imported silk and Plaid Taffetas-Clan colorings as well as the in the small faconne on checks; wool dress fabric and a fashion- we offer unusual values at $1 and .. 75c modest French tones; leading val- ues-yard, $1.25, $1.00 and..... leadingval- 85c Plain Louisines, Peau de Cygnes , Crepe de Chines, Taffetas-unequaled at 85c, 75c and 58c. BLACK SILKS VELVETS We are generously proud of our new possession, the celebrated Moleskin, velour and broad tail velvets for cloaks at lowest "Moneybak." long wearing black dress silks. With the pur- prices. Mousseline chiffon silk velvets, new browns, chase of each dress you carry genuine silk insurance. $1.25 terra cotta, leather, $2.50, $2.00 and ..... $1.50 Ayard, $2.00, $1.50 and.. Black paon and chiffon velvets from $1.00 85c black silk crepe de chines and taffetas, genuine bar- gains 68c $5.00 Odd lot of all silk Lyons velvets, $5 00 quality, good color assort- 75c imported black taffetas-special ment, many of the season's new shades, reduced 58c to .... $2.50 Box Hoisery Sale : Prices Lower Than Ever. Importations for H. G. Selfridge & Co. to Be Disposed Of. THAT tells the reasonwhyweare ina position to make this a record-breaking box hosiery sale. Thousands of dozens of pairs ordered abroad for, and stamped with name of H. G. Selfridge & Co. came to us when we parchased this business. It is all new, desirable merchandise. But we desire to have on our shelves only the Eiffel brand hosiery. Hence these prices. First floor. WOMEN'S HOSE . MEN'S HOSE . Reg.price, Perbox, Reg. price, Perbox, Reg. price, Per box, per pair. Sixpairs. perpair. Six palrs. perpair. Six pairs. 25c Black cotton double sole er 50c Black cotton, 250 Black cotton, double sole, $1.00 with linen spliced double sole, heels and split sole. $ 1.00 toes $2.15 350Blackcotton white double or split $ 1.25 350 Black lisle, fine gauge; black cotton, split sole or white foot... $1.35 75c Black cotton, brilliant mer- cerized black gauze lisle or $2.50 black cotton, extra heavy ...... 400 Black cotton fine gauze..... $ 1.50 40c Black lisle or cotton, split sole 50c Black cotton, double sole, and ribbed top....... $1.65 $1.00 Black brilliant lisle or hand seamed... $ 1.75 50cBlack lisle thread; very fine or black cotton. $4.00 60c Fine Egyptian, black cotton, split sole or white feet .......... $2.00 splitsole,black cotton,very fine, $1.85 $1.25 Black ingrain lisle; four 75c plain black fine cotton or outsize or ribbed tops...... thread or split sole.... $5.00 mercerized. $2.50 Children's 35c linen knee hose, outwear all other kinds, 3 pairs for 75c. In the Basement Store: Women's plain black cotton, box of six pairs, 65c, 75c, $1, $1.15. Men's, 45c, 60с, 75с. Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin 100 Vol. 3. CHICAGO , NOVEMBER 18, 1904. No. 40. PALACE OF MINES AND METALLURGY . ST . LOUIS TRIP. given you with all your meals at the rate of $3.00 per day, for each person, being fifty cents per meal Arrangements are now complete and the larger for three meals ." party will leave Chicago Tuesday evening at 11:30 The Hotel Epworth offers lodging at seventy- five p. m. in tourist sleepers on the Wabash road, and cents for each person, three in a room, and meals arrive in St. Louis, World's Fair Station, at 7:45 either on the European or American plan. A num- a. m. , on Wednesday. ber of private houses offer lodging for $1.00 and up, or $ 1.25 including breakfast. The necessary expenses of such a trip will be Returning from St. Louis, choice may be made comparatively light. The railroad fare will be $6.00 of tourist sleeper on Saturday night, leaving St. for the round trip. Tourist sleepers will be fur- Louis at 11:30 p. m. , or a day ride on Sunday nished in which the berth rate is $1.00 only in each through Illinois, reaching Chicago early in the direction. The berths will accommodate two per- evening. sons. These cars will be attached to Wabash train Reservations in the sleepers are being rapidly No. 25, leaving Chicago 11:30 p. m., November 22 . taken and all indications point to an enjoyable trip. Those who wish to occupy regular sleepers (in Thanks are due to Miss Mary P. Squier, who in- which the berth rate is $2.00 each way) should pur- itiated the request to the Board of Education for the chase $10.00 excursion tickets . additional day of Wednesday ; also to the Board of All Wabash trains run directly to the World's Education for granting permission to those who Fair grounds before going to the Union Station. wished to visit the fair to remain away from school Baggage may be checked to Wabash World's Fair for that purpose, by sending notice to the super- intendent not later than Nov. 21 . Station, thus saving time, trouble and expense of going to the crowded Union Station . The party leaving by the Alton will start from the. Union Depot at 11:40 p. m., Tuesday evening, Accommodation may be secured at the Inside in chair cars, and reach St. Louis at 8:10 a. m., Inn, Hotel Epworth , or at any one of a Union Station. Returning, the train will leave selected list of private homes and boarding . St. Louis at 11:40 p. m., Saturday evening, arriv- houses. We quote from a letter received from ing in Chicago at 8:10 a. m., Sunday morning, or the Inside Inn. "We can accommodate your party if a day trip is decided upon, leaving St. Louis at at $ 1.50 per day for each, European plan, two peo- 9 a. m., Sunday morning, and arriving in Chicago ple to occupy a room, each paying the amount. This at 5 p. m. , Sunday afternoon. includes admission to the grounds, which is fifty We would advise all who are going to dress cents, and lodging, which is $1.00 for each per- warmly, as even St. Louis is not exempt from sud- son. . The same accommodations can be den changes, especially at this time of the year. 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . LETTER FROM ST. LOUIS. Funds . St. Louis, Nov. 11 , 1904. The initiation fees, annual dues and ten per cent of each assessment shall be used for the necessary Miss Catharine Goggin, Financial Secretary Teachers' Federation, printing, postage, etc., incident to the proper carry- 437 Unity Building, Chicago, Ill. ing out of the spirit of this department. Amendments . Dear Miss Goggin : Upon my arrival in St. Louis this morning I was informed by our Chief These by-laws may be amended at any annual of Domestic Exploitation that reports had been cir- meeting of the department by a two -thirds vote of culated among the teachers of your city stating the members present at the meeting and voting on that it would not be worth their while to visit such amendment, provided that the proposed the exposition this month because the exhibits would amendment has been presented to each member at be all broken up and there would be nothing of least one month previous to such meeting or by interest to see here. unanimous vote of the members 'present and voting I wish to say to you that this rumor is without without such notice, and provided that such foundation, and I can assure you that none of the amendment shall be ratified by a two-thirds vote of exhibits will be molested. On the contrary, every- the members present at the annual meeting of the thing will be in splendid shape and in a more com- Federation . plete form than at any other period of the exposi- Annual Report . tion. A visit to the exposition, therefore, any time The chairman shall, at the annual meeting in the between now and its close, will be of greater inter- month of January make a report of the work of the est than heretofore. In addition I might mention that President department, including the receipts, disbursements Roosevelt has accepted the invitation of the exposi- and balance on hand. This report, in condensed form, shall be mailed to each member, without tion management and will spend a couple of days here, commencing Saturday, Nov. 26. This, of special postage if possible, before May I, of each year. course, will attract a great number of people and Collection and Disbursement of Funds . will prove a fitting climax to this greatest of universal exhibitions . The World's Fair will close All funds of the department shall be collected and its gates on Dec. 1 , as previously announced. disbursed by the financial secretary and treasurer Trusting that you will acquaint the teachers with of the Federation, and no death benefit shall be dis- the real situation, and hoping that they will come bursed by the treasurer to any beneficiary other than to St. Louis in goodly numbers during Thanksgiv- the person or persons named in the certificate of the ing week, I remain, Yours very truly, member. Before any death benefit is paid, satisfac- THEODORE HARDEE. tory evidence must be furnished that membership Assistant to the Secretary . had not lapsed . Annual Meeting . MORTUARY FUND DEPARTMENT . The members of the Mortuary Fund Department shall meet once each year during the month of Provisions Adopted at Meeting of Federation Nov. 12 , January for the election of a chairman and auditors 1904. for the ensuing year and the transaction of such Membership . other business as may properly be brought before Members of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, such meeting . When a teacher or principal severs principals of schools , and teachers who are ineli- his or her connection with the school system, mem- gible to Federation membership may become mem- bership shall cease. bers of this department on payment of the initiation fee. Associate members and principals and teach- ers not eligible to Federation membership may join this department. Fees, Dues and Assessments. Initiation fee shall be fifty cents, which shall in- clude the first assessment. Dues shall be twenty- five cents per year, payable not earlier than Oct. 1 , nor later than Dec. 15 of each year. Assessments shall be twenty-five cents for each death, payable on or before one month from the date of notice of death, and if then unpaid, membership shall lapse. Members who allow their memberships to lapse shall be eligible to renew them on the same basis as new members. Members of the Federa- tion who allow their Federation membership to lapse shall thereby cease to be members of this department. Benefits . The entire sum collected from any assessment, less ten per cent, shall constitute the death benefit, which shall be paid to the beneficiary of the de- ceased member immediately on receiving proper SOUTH FACADE, PALACE OF VARIED notification and proof of the death of a member. INDUSTRIES . CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETΙΝ. 3 For instance, no other city in the state contains more than one township, or thirty-six square miles. Chicago has several entire townships and parts of other townships. Under the constitution each of these towns or townships has a separate govern- ment and the legislature had no authority to abol- ish or consolidate these township governments. When the county clerk of Cook county "spreads the taxes " he applies one rate of taxation to the property in the city of Chicago situated in the North town, another rate to the property in the South town, a different rate to the towns of Lake, Hyde Park, etc. The legislature now abolishes those towns and consolidates these taxing powers within Chicago. Another important power conferred on the legislature by this amendment concerns Chi- cago's power to incur debt. The constitution of Illinois limits the power of all cities in the matter of borrowing money or incurring debt. No city in Illinois is permitted to issue bonds beyond 5 per cent of the assessed valuation of its taxable property. Of course, Chicago has gone in debt up to its consti- tutional limit. The new amendment enables the legislature to pass a law permitting Chicago to in- crease its debt five- fold. This is done in this way. The amendment provides that Chicago's bonded in- debtedness may be 5 per cent of the full value of its taxable property, instead of 5 per cent of the as- sessed valuation as now. According to our state laws the assessed valuation is one-fifth of the full valuation of property. Other cities in the state will still be obliged to keep their debt down to 5 per cent of the assessed valuation, but NEW CHARTER FOR CHICAGO. the legislature may if it sees fit authorize Chicago to base her debt on the full value of Constitutional Amendment Adopted . her property, which is five times the assessed value. Those who advocate an increase of the city's By Margaret A. Haley. debt want it for permanent improvements, bridges, At the election Nov. 8 the voters of Illinois paving, etc. adopted the constitutional amendment passed by the Another change the amendment permits is the legislature in 1903 by which amendment the legis- consolidation in the municipal government of lature is authorized and empowered to pass a law the powers now vested in the city, the board providing a charter or scheme of government for of education, the park boards and other boards. Chicago. The legislature may, if it choose, under this amendment, abolish the board of education and Until this amendment was adopted on Nov. 8 the make the schools, or rather the whole educational constitution of Illinois adopted in 1870 prohibited system, a department of the city government, under the legislature from passing a special charter for a head or chief appointed by the mayor. Some any city. The present charter of Chicago, which of the papers have reported that the committee was adopted by the voters of Chicago in 1875 is framing the new charter contemplates recommend- known as the "Cities' and Villages' Act," and was ing such a provision. passed by the legislature in 1873. It is not a special As to the new charter for Chicago, it must be charter for Chicago as the new charter will be ; it is a general act, and having been adopted by most granted Chicago by the legislature. Anybody may of the cities of the state it is the charter of those draft a charter and take it to Springfield, but only cities. the legislature has the power of enacting it into law, and the legislature is entirely free to accept or The constitution of Illinois forbids special legisla- reject any or all drafts of charters brought to it by tion for cities, corporations or individuals . In order individuals or citizens. to get around this provision of the constitution After the legislature has passed a law providing whenever the legislature wants to pass a special a charter for Chicago it must be submitted to the law for Chicago it enacts it for "cities having more voters of Chicago and approved by a majority of all than 100,000 inhabitants. " All these special laws , the voters voting on it before it becomes the char- some general laws and the original " Cities' and Vil- ter of Chicago. lages' Act," taken together, constitute Chicago's The Civic Federation called together the com- present charter . mittee that framed the constitutional amendment, There are certain powers conferred on the legis- adopted Nov. 8, and the executive committee of this lature by the amendment adopted Nov. 8, which it amendment committee met Monday afternoon and not only did not have before but which permit it took the first steps toward drafting a new charter. to do in regard to Chicago what it has no power Progress in the charter movement will be regu- to do in regard to any other city. larly reported in the BULLETIN. 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION have not yet seen the dayspring in the east, the dawn of democracy in education. BULLETIN When Mr. Gove ended, Miss Haley asked to be Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, allowed five minutes to reply to Mr. Gove's mis- Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, representations ; but under the rules and of course December 23, 1901. the rules for such cases made and provided by the THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the guardians of the N. E. A. are as sacred and un- year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of changeable as the laws of the Medes and Persians April andDecember, by the Chicago Teachers' Federation. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single -the request could not be granted. But President copies, Five Cents. Cook is clear- headed and fair-minded. He could ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received byTuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. not shut his eyes to the fact that Mr. Gove deserved ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to the order of the Federation Bulletin. a spanking, and while he could not allow Miss THE EDITOR , Haley to administer it then and there, he pledged 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO . his word that if she would write her reply it should Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. be printed in the volume of proceedings. Whether Mr. Gove will be good" after the switching that he is to get remains to be seen. A word in his defense, however : Much of the criti- cism which Mr. Gove is receiving because of this attack on the Teachers' Federation is undeserved ; he is naturally an autocrat, a delightfully genial one to be sure, but nevertheless an autocrat, and has trained so long with those in the N. E. A. who be- lieve that the few should direct and the crowd should obey (and pay the bills) that it is hard for him to see anything but sedition and anarchy when the rank and file begin to think and talk and pre- sume to participate in the decision of matters which hitherto have been managed by the masters. His best friends were sorry for Mr. Gove at St. Louis but no one who knows him will attribute any sin- ister or unworthy motive to him, for whatever his faults, he is a gentleman. Knowing that Miss Haley stands for democracy in education as firmly as did Col. Parker and no less unreservedly than does John Dewey, and conscious of the fact that he him- self stands for the opposite, and that the "Old Guard" would expect him to do something to check if possible the uprising of those who, as he no doubt sincerely believes, should take their orders from those above them, it is easy to understand how Mr. Gove may have construed the fact that his paper followed that of Miss Haley as a sort of chal- CORNER OF PALACE OF LIBERAL ARTS . lenge to combat. The fact that the two topics an- nounced on the program had no necessary relation the one to the other is of no consequence. Educators ECHOES OF THE N. E. A. AT ST . LOUIS, are not bound to stick to their subjects as announced on the program, and they sometimes feel as free to The Gove - Haley Incident. make excursions far afield as does a sweet girl grad- (The Western Teacher, October.) uate in writing her commencement essay. The following open letter from a fellow super- The one incident of the St. Louis meeting of the intendent to Mr. Gove is a trifle severe . Whether N. E. A. which was at all dramatic or sensational or not it is too severe all who read the two ad- was the attack made on Miss Haley by ex- Super- dresses and Miss Haley's rejoinder which is prom- intendent Gove, of Denver. Miss Margaret A. ised to accompany them in the forthcoming volume of proceedings will be able to judge : Haley of Chicago read a paper on "Why Should [ It may be of interest to note here that the morn- Teachers Organize ?" Naturally her name on the ing after Miss Haley delivered her paper in St. program attracted a large audience, and her paper Louis, the president and secretary of the N. E. A. was received with remarkable enthusiasm. Mr. notified her that she would not be permitted to an- Gove was the next speaker, and read a paper on swer Mr. Gove in the proceedings, that the com- another topic ; he took occasion to deliver a care- mittee having in charge the preparation of the fully prepared argument in opposition to the organ- volume would not permit it. The president also ization of teachers in which he sought to discredit said Mr. Gove was not willing to allow Miss Haley the work in which Miss Haley is engaged. Con- to have his manuscript for this purpose. No answer sidered in itself as a bit of composition from the to Mr. Gove's attack will, therefore, appear in the pen of a past master in the art of casuistry the paper proceedings of the N. E. A. The letter referred to was highly interesting, and quite peppery with vin- here is the one from the superintendent of schools of dictive and satire, it elicited some applause from the Excelsior, Minn., printed in the BULLETIN of "Old Guard" and from those superintendents who Oct. 7.-EDITOR BULLETIN . ] CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 5 INVESTMENTS IN SCHOOL. The public school has been the corner stone of our civil and social structure. Whatever of strength we have attained, whatever advance we have made, have had their origin and their inspiration there. The suggestion that we are aiming too high and spending too much on our schools sounds ominous and reactionary. We may be spending too much if our system is to be the sport of local politics and the spoil of their maniplators , because that way lies graft and general demoralization, but if the funds are honestly employed to make our educa- tional influences the most enlightening and far- reaching possible we can make no better investment than to keep on spending and annually increasing the amount. From the Chicago Chronicle, Nov. 13 . AN INSULT TO AMERICAN WOMEN. The leading organizations of women throughout the country are sending protests to their congress- men and the territorial committee of the senate against the bill proposing to unite Oklahoma and Indian territories into one state under the name of Oklahoma, and to combine New Mexico and Ari- zona territories into a state under the name of CORNER OF PALACE OF VARIED INDUSTRIES Arizona. The portion of the bill to which the women take exception is found in paragraphs 5 of sections 3 and OUR EDUCATIONAL PROBLEM . 21 , which would allow these states, when organized, to disfranchise minors, criminals, lunatics, non-resi- Chicago Evening Post, Oct. 25 . dents , ignoramuses, and women. It reads as A popular system of education, we read in the follows : comptroller's reports, comments the Nation, aims "That said state shall never enact any law re- "to provide a course of instruction and study best stricting or abridging the right of suffrage on ac- calculated to secure the highest average of intelli- * * * count of race, color, or previous condition of servi- gent citizenship." tude, or on account of any other conditions or quali- Intelligent citizenship ! Is that to be nurtured by fications , save and except on account of illiteracy, an education adapted to the production of tally minority, sex, conviction of felony, mental condi- clerks and cash girls an education which gives no tion, or residence." outlook upon the vast industrial civilization of our This not only authorizes the disfranchisement of time, quickens and aids no aptitudes other than women, but classes them with the degraded, im- those of the pen and the tape measure, awakens and becile and immature of the opposite sex. Such a feeds no interests that are humanizing and civic ? classification is an insult to American womanhood . Genuine education is scarce begun : the tools of edu- The pioneer women of the West, who have labored cation are furnished-little more to be used sel- and suffered by their husbands' sides to advance fishly or socially, criminally or worthily, according civilization, ought not to be so unjustly classed. as the development of the moral faculties, the sen- The Congress of the United States ought not to set timents , the energies, the aspirations of the child is directed. its seal upon the possibility of the perpetual disfran- chisement of these women, an unmerited disgrace It is assumed that education is mainly a matter of and punishment. It is true that in many states the intelligence, whereas it is more fundamentally women have been tacitly ranked with these de- a matter of the emotions and the will. Of a truth, fective, delinquent, and dependent classes, but never it is because education has failed to touch the heart 2 before has the insult been so open and flagrant, nor and imagination, to nourish “ admiration, hope and has it been in an act of Congress . love," and to discipline the will-has concerned it- self so little with the real essentials of citizenship, with character, with honesty, loyalty, reverence, VACATION SCHOOLS . service, self-respect, self-control, idealism-that it The women who are making great displays of has done so little, comparatively, against the forces the work of the students in the vacation schools are of corruption, lawlessness, selfishness and vulgarity claiming altogether too much. In the short term which are rampant among us. The old education allowed the vacation schools the proficiency shown of a simpler social and industrial order achieved could never have been brought about but for the some of these things, though not so much by the work done in the grades during the year. Vacation school as by those other agencies, the home, the schools are all right and are doing a good work, but church, the broader type of vocation, which have they must not claim greater success than comes long been failing us and must now be so often re- from ordinary school work, especially when the placed by the school. Must, we say, because this is chief part of the instruction was given in the public no matter of choice, but of national necessity. schools and for the larger part of the year.-Chi- Democracy cannot prosper with parts of men for cago Chronicle. its pillars ; it must produce whole men or perish. 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . And it must do so despite the tendency of modern the city and so fast disappearing even from the industrial life to develop and use mere fractions of country, the old forms of domestic industry, the old men, mere "hands," the makers of small parts of trades and crafts, the old free life with nature at things, mere cogs in the great commercial wheel. the door, the direct contact with the simpler pro- And it is upon its educational agencies, upon its po- ductive activities of the world, the old folklore and tency as an educational institution and influence, folksong, and all the popular arts. We have dis- that the state and the nation must rely to produce covered that we must find substitutes for these edu- men and the leaders of men upon whom its desti- cational forces. The new education is in part an nies depend. It is because the old education now effort to provide them. promotes a narrow, routine intelligence, with the emphasis on drill, habit and memory, whereas de- GIFT TO TEACHERS . mocracy demands reason, judgment, observation, Donates House Where Born and $ 10,000 for Indigent originality, that it must give way to an education Teachers' Home . which is liberally directed toward these ends . Conventional educational values must be revised Rutland, Vt. , Nov. 11.-Senator Redfield Proc- in the light of new standards. There is too much tor has announced that he will give $10,000 in cash naïve ignoring of the real and well-known causes and the house in this city in which he was born, of our present failure to accomplish the results we valued at $ 10,000, for the establishment of a home have hoped for in the elementary school-namely, for indigent and worthy public school teachers who greatly overcrowded classes, which preclude indi- have passed the age of usefulness . vidual attention ; the poor physical condition of the It is probable this sum will be combined with a children, due to underfeeding and insanitary condi- fund of $30,000 which was left by Lucy Ruggles tions in the tenements ; the foreign nationalities of Bennington in the care of Charles H. Darling, (twenty-seven in one school) and their varying assistant secretary of the navy, for the same pur- standards of living and manners, and, we must pose, and that an additional amount will be appro- add, the still insufficient equipment of our teachers, priated by the state. Chicago Daily News . for which the too low standards of our training schools are partly responsible. TO TEACHERS It will no doubt be said in reply that the old edu- cation at any rate succeeded in producing worthy LOANS BY A TEACHER At Live and Let Live Low Rates and powerful men and women. Undoubtedly ; but mainly because, co-operating with the meager forces "First aid to the injured" in pocket promptly rendered. of the school, were other educational forces might- L. A. , Care of Federation Bulletin, 437 Unity Building. ier than they-the old-fashioned home, gone from Your Last Chance The greatest fair in the world's history is drawing to a. close. Even a few days' time there has great educational value. No teacher should fail at least to see the buildings. The trip may be made at small cost. The WABASH is the World's Fair line. It has its own station directly opposite the main entrance, where all trains stop to discharge passengers and baggage. Save time and avoid the crowded Union Station by purchasing tickets via the WABASH . Four daily trains. For further details, call on N. C. KEERAN , City Ticket Agt. , or write to F. A. PALMER, A. G. P. A., 97 Adams Street, 311 Marquette Bldg. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 7 PIANO BUYERS Find Strong Temptation -IN- November Sale -OF- The Manufacturers Annual Clearing at the Kimball Warerooms Means Much for Enrichment of the Home Life. Extraordinary piano buying continues at the Manufacturers' Warerooms, 243 Wabash Ave. , S. W. Corner Jackson Blvd. Besides being a powerful ap- peal to the money-saving motive, this sale includes many instruments of the highest type of the piano maker's art. Kimball Pianos are the product of a home factory. For years their praises have been sung by the world's masters in music. They are within reach of the purchaser of limited means, for they go directly from the great Kimball factories to the home. Unlimited resources of the producers enable them to give the purchaser possession of the instrument while making payment; hence the wisdom of many purchasers anticipating their wants by several months, for rarely do conditions bring such mighty inducements. FOR NOVEMBER ONLY New Eastern Piano and Kimball Piano Player, regular price ............ $445 20 Rolls of Music, for operating the Player. .... ....... ... 20 Total ....... ... .... ...... $465 Special Offer, complete . ... $275 Easy Payments if Desired. W. W. KIMBALL CO. ( ESTABLISHED 1857) Southwest Corner Wabash Ave. and Jackson Blvd. 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CARSON PIRIE SCOTT & CO. STATE AND MADISON STREETS-Building formerly occupiedby H. A. Selfridge & Co., andby Schlesinger & Mayer. Telephone, PrivateExchange,2. " We Find Everything Here Far Beyond Expectation" That was the unvarying comment of visitors during our Autumn Opening. Such emphatic approval of what we have accomplished, after only two weeks in the new location, is our war- rant for repeating: We have the Facilities, the Merchandise and the Prices to make this the most satisfactory shopping place in Chicago. Every day, as the house organization settles into the new surroundings, brings improvement. THE BASEMENT STORE offers remarkable values every day. New goods at very low prices, Broken lines from the old store at sharp reductions from closing out sale price there. Interesting New Silks and Velvets. THE Burlinghamsand Burlingham sacking rough silk suitings, the daintyWarpPrint pompadour effects and the broad tail velours, the warm rich colored mousseline and chiffon dress velvets, with the hundred or more other weaves, make an attractive collection that will repay a visit. Second Floor- Imported Satin Messaline-sheer beautiful quality-a happy purchase of an importer's delayed shipment, enables us to offer 50 piece in a splendid assortment of colors, including white and ivory, at a sale price; a yard .. $1.00 Shirt Waist Sulting Silks-Special new designs Monsseline Bengalines-An imported silk and Plaid Taffetas-Clan colorings as well as the in the small faconne on checks; 75c wool dress fabric and a fashion- 85c modest French tones; leading val- we offer unusual values at $1 and.. able one; desirable; all colors, yard ues-yard, $1.25, 81.00 and...........85c Plain Louisines, Peau de Cygnes, Crepe de Chines, Taffetas-unequaled at 85c, 75c and 58c. BLACK SILKS VELVETS We are generously proud of our new possession, the celebrated Moleskin, velour and broad tail velvets for cloaks at lowest " Moneybak. " long wearing black dress silks. With the pur- prices. Mousseline chiffon silk velvets, new browns, chase ofeach dress you carry genuine silk insurance. $1.25 terra cotta, leather, 82.50, 82.00 and ...... $1.50 Ayard, $2.00, $1.50 and... Black paon and chiffon velvets from$1.00 85c black silk crepe de chines and taffetas, genuine bar- gains.. 68c $5.00 Odd lot of all silk Lyons velvets, 85.00 quality, good color assort- 75c imported black taffetas-special ment, many of the season's new shades, reduced ... 58c to...... $2.50 Box Hoisery Sale: Prices Lower Than Ever. Importations for H. G. Selfridge & Co. to Be Disposed Of. THAT tells the reasonwhyweare ina position to make this a record-breakingbox hosierysale. Thousands of dozens of pairs ordered abroad for, and stamped with name of H. G. Selfridge & Co. came to us when we parchased this business. It is all new, desirable merchandise. But we desire to have on our shelves only the Eiffel brand hosiery. Hence these prices. Firstfloor. : WOMEN'S HOSE. MEN'S HOSE. Reg.price, Perbox, Reg. price, Perbox, Reg. price, Perbox, per pair. Sixpairs. perpair. Sixpairs. perpair. Six pairs. with linen 25c Black cotton double sole er 50c Black cotton, 250heelBlack cotton, double, sole, $1.00 and toes.. spliced double sole, heels and split sole.. $1.00 toes $2.15 350Blackcotton white double or split $ 1.25 350Black lisle, fine gauge; black $1.35 75c Black cotton, brilliant mer- cotton, split sole or white foot... cerized black gauze lisle or $2.50 black cotton, extra heavy ...... 400Black cotton fine gauze...... $ 1.50 40cBlack lisleorcotton, and ribbed top........ split sole $1.65 $1.00 Black brilliant lisle or 50c Black cotton, double sole, $ 1.75 black cotton. $4.00 60csplit Fine Egyptian, black cotton, sole or white feet..........$2.00 50cBlack lisle thread; very fine or splitsole, black cotton,very fine, $1.85 $1.25 outsize or ribbed tops... Black ingrain lisle; four thread or split sole.... $5.00 750plain black finecotton or $2.50 Children's 35c linen knee hose, outwear all other kinds, 3 pairs for 75c. in the Basement Store: Women's plain black cotton, box of six pairs, 65c, 75c, $1, $1.15. Men's, 45c, 60с, 78c. Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin 100 Vol. IV. CHICAGO , NOVEMBER 25, 1904. No. 1 . "NEW CHARTER" COMMITTEES . commission worked in 1897 under the guidance of Margaret A. Haley. President Harper of the University of Chicago. Would Draft Complete Charter. Several bodies have appointed committees to draft a new charter for Chicago, among them the "I am in favor of inviting the legislators to meet following: with us in joint committee," said Ald. Alling. "We The Civic Federation . must rush this work. The new charter convention The State Legislation Committee of the City ought to meet by Dec. 21 and we ought to have a Council. draft ready to present to the legislature in January The Cook county legislators-elect. soon after it convenes. Chicago legislation should The Chicago Federation of Labor . not be dragged along and presented in March or The Roosevelt-Deneen Club of the 6th and 7th later, as is usually the case. We must get right wards. down to business and the proper men to take up the The Allied Turners' district council . work are the legislators and aldermen with the The Civic Federation Committee. mayor, the corporation counsel, the commissioner of The executive commitee of the charter commit- public works and the comptroller. " tee of the Civic Federation appointed the following Mayor Harrison is a member of the council com- mittee on charter and of the Civic Federation's com- sub-committee of seven to draft a new charter : mittee also. The mayor is reported as saying "Too Mayor Carter Harrison, John P. Wilson, Judge many cooks spoil the broth," when he heard that six Murray F. Tuley, Judge Francis Adams, John S. different movements for framing a new charter for Miller, B. A. Eckhart, B. E. Sunny. Chicago were under way and that a clash was fore- Judge Tuley drafted the present charter of Chi- seen owing to the confusion attending diversified cago in the early 70's . efforts. The mayor outlined a definite plan of pro- Co- operation Invited. cedure. He declared that there should be only one The statement issued by Secretary Brown of the draft submitted to the legislature and that the docu- Civic Federation after the meeting of the executive ment should be framed under the official supervision committee was as follows : of Chicago . When asked on which he would serve, "It is given out by the executive committee that the Civic Federation or the council committee, he said: it is the intention to have the work of drafting the charter so comprehensive that it will be able to co- "My first allegiance is always to the city of Chi- operate with and receive suggestions from any other cago and the plan which is to be formulated by committee which may be at work on similar lines. the council committee must be considered the official It is desired to have it understood that no attempt declaration of Chiago." will be made to attempt the work of charter making Federation of Labor Committee. behind closed doors or to deny any person who wishes to communicate his opinions a proper The Federation of Labor, at its meeting Nov. 20, hearing." appointed a committee of 50 to frame a new charter Of this committee the Chicago Journal says : for Chicago. This is the only committee appointed "On this commission are : John P. Wilson, advis- to date on which the teachers have representation, ory attorney for the traction companies and many the business representative of the Chicago Teachers ' other local corporations ; John S. Miller, general Federation being a member of this committee . corporation attorney and lawyer for the Union Trac- Cook County Legislators' Committee . tion receivers ; B. E. Sunny of the General Electric Company, a corporation which is close to the Chi- Some of the recently elected members of the cago Edison Company; John M. Clark, former legislature from Cook county have formed them- president and large stockholder in the Chicago Tele- selves into a committee for the purpose of drafting phone Company . a charter. One of the Chicago papers makes this explanation "Some of the members of the legis- City Council Committee . lature are making protests against the Civic Federa- The Committee on Legislation of the City Coun- tion committee of seven to draft the new charter. cil, of which Alderman Alling is chairman, is to In the meantime the members-elect from Chicago frame a new charter. Alderman Alling is reported are to hold a convention and organize themselves as proposing that the labor of framing a charter be for the work of drawing and handling the charter dene after the manner in which the educational subject themselves. 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. "The objection to the committee of seven ap- warrant ; but just or unjust I shall execute it," he pointed by the Civic Federation is based on various would express with reference to one grade of public grounds. Representative Samuel E. Erickson, Re- service precisely what Decatur expressed, and publican, points to the Republican members of the doubtless intended to express, with reference to an- committee of seven as corporationists. Without men- other. Decatur could not have meant that as a tioning any names he says : citizen he would vote either to make or to prosecute "" It is to be observed, particularly, that the Re- a war that he knew to be unrighteous. Such a publican members of that committee are the repre- sentiment would have implied that he had the in- sentatives of large corporate interests, if not them- stincts of a buccaneer ; and this is negatived by the selves millionaires. These men are undoubtedly other words of his toast, in which he prayed that men of ability and attainments , honesty and integ- in her intercourse with foreign nations his country rity, but the atmosphere in which they live is not might always be in the right. Clearly he could have such that they can feel and appreciate the trials and meant no more than that as a military servant of his burdens of the great multitude of the people.' country he would obey the lawfully expressed com- "The Republican members of the committee, who mands of her people. constitute a majority of it, are : John P. Wilsen, But the occasion of Decatur's utterance was what John S. Miller, B. A. Eckhart, B. E. Sunny." would now be recognized as a jingo banquet. Wine Senator Parker is active in organizing the charter flowed and glory glistened. Here was one of the work of the Roosevelt-Deneen Club of the 6th toasts : " The Mediterranean ! The sea not more of and 7th wards, and the papers report Senator Greek and Roman than of American glory." This Parker as saying that he intends to find out what was another : " The Crescent ! Our stars have the whole people of his district want in the new dimmed its luster." And here was a third : " Na- charter. tional Glory ! A gem above all price, and worthy It goes without saying that as the people vote on of every hazard to sustain its splendor. " the charter after it is passed by the legislature they It would not be remarkable if in those circum- will at least have an opportunity to vote against the stances and to that glory-intoxicated party of ban- propositions they do not want should the legisla- queters, Decatur's conception of his duty as a naval ture fail to embody the provisions they do want. officer seemed like a revelation of one of the duties This will doubtless be a powerful incentive in bring- of American citizenship. Such at any rate must ing about harmony among the various charter com- have been their understanding of it, for they gave mittees and insure a measure of attention to popular that coloring to his words. And so, for nearly a sentiment. century, Decatur's fair fame has been tarnished by this low notion, attributed to him, of an American WHAT IS PATRIOTISM ? citizen's duty. Ever since his famous toast, no mat- From Ethics of Democracy by Louis F. Post . ter how mean or wicked the stand the agents of * * * * * * * their country have taken, voters have been adjured The sentiment which expresses itself in the max- in the name of patriotism and even of religion, not im, " My country, right or wrong," is spurious pa- only by party politicians but also by so-called preach- triotism. It is nothing but self-love somewhat di- ers of righteousness, to vote for their country's side luted. Note the logical gradations : "My country, of every controversy, be it right or wrong. right or wrong ; my state, right or wrong ; my The voter who follows this advice turns away county, right or wrong ; my town or city, right or from the highest duty that an American citizen can wrong ; my ward, right or wrong ; my voting pre- be called upon to discharge the duty of keeping cinct, right or wrong ; my family, right or wrong ; his country, as far as his influence may go, in the myself, right or wrong . Me!" path of righteousness. For in America, in theory This sentiment has been for nearly a century a at least, the voters are king. Officials are only their favorite with the ambitious who mask their selfish servants . purposes behind pretenses of patriotism. It origin- What should we think of an absolute king, who ated quite innocently with an American naval com- after his ministers had without his authority adopted mander, Commodore Decatur. Upon returning from an unrighteous policy, should confirm that policy, his historic expedition to the Mediterranean, he was knowing it to be unrighteous, and oposing it in his everywhere the recipient of public honors ; and heart because it was unrighteous, but confirming it among the banquets tendered him was one at Nor- upon the plea that he must sustain his country, folk, the home city of his wife, which came off in right or wrong ? What should we think of the April, 1816. When, in accordance with the custom king's chaplain if he advised the king to confirm that of the time, he was called upon for a toast on that policy, arguing that the king must stand by his coun- occasion , Decatur responded with this sentiment : try, right or wrong ? Yet American citizens , Ameri- "Our country ! In her intercourse with foreign na- can voters, are advised to imitate the absolute king tions, may she always be in the right; but our we have imagined, whenever they are urged to use country, right or wrong." their influence and vote in support of their country's Considering the source, the sentiment was a good policy, right or wrong . one. For Decatur spoke as a naval officer pledged It is one thing to advise a constable to execute a to obey ; not as a citizen invested with a right and warrant, just or unjust; he is an agent whose busi- charged with a duty to decide. It was as if he had ness it is to obey agents that are placed above him. exclaimed : " I hope my country in her foreign quar- As constable he has no other responsibility. So it is rels will always be in the right; but be she right or one thing to advise a military or naval officer to be she wrong, I as an officer of her navy have no fight when his superiors order him to, be the cause choice but to execute her commands ." right or wrong; he, like the constable, is an agent If a serious-minded constable were to say : "I whose business it is to obey agents above him. As hope I may never be required to execute an unjust military or naval officer he has no other responsi CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 3 bility. But it is a very different thing to advise ency the same old plea to the voters of the nation citizens to vote for their country's cause, be that to be loyal to the country, right or wrong. And cause right or wrong. The responsibility of the when we have probed the matter-nor has much voter cannot be so lightly evaded. There is no one probing been necessary-we have found that we to shift it to. Voters are charged with the duty were being urged to be loyal not to the country, of seeing to it that their country's cause is never right or wrong, but to some of President Polk's wrong. And for this purpose they, and not their successors, right or wrong. agents or officers, are the court of final appeal. Spurious patriotism is most dangerous, however, Even at its best, loyalty to country, as distin- when the object of its adoration is the country's guished from loyalty to right, is a despicable senti- flag. There are patriotic pagans as there are re- ment. It is often ludicrously so. An instance may ligious pagans. The religious pagan banishes God be found in a letter from Madagascar, once pub- from his religion and substitutes ugly idols. The lished in the London Spectator. The letter-writer patriotic pagan banishes principle from his patri- was all unconscious of any satire upon loyalty. He otism and substitutes brilliant bunting. had nothing in mind but the ignorance of the French This tendency to represent principles by symbols soldier he quoted. This soldier, a corporal to whom began with the race, and will doubtless persist while loyalty was evidently the first law of love, had told the race lasts. It is not only natural, it is also use- the letter-writer quite innocently that he "thought it ful. Realities which might otherwise be to mortal disloyal and altogether wrong in Christ, when he knowledge mere abstractions, are thereby made vis- had been born a Jew, to turn Christian. " ible and tangible. * * * * * But what is called loyalty to country means some- thing even lower than the words imply. Boiled And so it is in the sphere of patriotism, where down to its dregs, this loyalist doctrine, " Our coun- the great symbol is the flag. A mere piece of col- try, right or wrong"-not as Decatur meant it, but ored bunting, a nation's flag is nevertheless the as it is commonly understood is not loyalty to visible and tangible representation of national ideals. country at all ; it is loyalty to office holders. It is national principles, national traditions, national Now it is not to be denied that there is virtue in honor, national aspirations, materialized. What re- a certain loyalty to office holders. But this virtu- ligious rites are to the true worshiper such is the ous loyalty is analogous to that which is due from flag to the true patriot. It is the symbol to his clients to lawyers. When you have decided that eye of political principles that appeal to his under- you have just cause for litigation, you must loyally standing and enchain his affections . trust your lawyer to manage the technical details. Rational uses of symbolism need no defense. So But you cannot escape moral responsibility for long as the symbol retains its proper place as a sym- making unjust claims and bracing them up with bol, its usefulness as an implement of religious, perjured testimony, on any such plea as that a client moral and patriotic thought and instruction will must be loyal to his lawyer right or wrong. The hardly be disputed. While the Free Mason finds legal technicalities of your case are one thing ; as in the level a crude representation of God's law of to them you must trust your lawyer, be he right or equality, which he adopts as his own, he is wor- wrong. The essential justice of your cause is an- shiping God. So with the savage who is reminded other thing; as to that you must instruct your by the rude idol before which he bows, of an In- lawyer, and instruct him right. telligence and Beneficence that he cannot compre- So with the relation of voters to office holders . hend and cannot otherwise even concentrate his As to methods, voters should be loyal to all office thoughts upon. He is a worshiper as truly as if he holders who are not reasonably suspected of infi- were intelligent enough to dispense with symbols. delity to their trust. But as to ultimate objects It is the same with Christian churchmen. Their especially if they involve issues of right and wrong, worship, however formal, however conventional, it is not only the right but the duty of voters to however symbolic in its ceremonies, is true wor- command. The loyalty to an office holder which ship so long as the forms and ceremonies and sym- supports his policy right or wrong, so far from bols are to them but convenient representations of being patriotism is moral treason. spiritual truths that can be realized in the material This is the species of loyalty, however, with world only by means of natural correspondence-- which the world is most familiar. It is from it that of natural symbols. In a similar category, if not the the impious doctrine of " divine right" drew all its same, is the patriot who reveres the flag of his coun- strength. In our own country at the very beginning, try because it symbolizes what to him is sacred in the tories-or "loyalists," as they called themselves the principles for which the government of his -were loyal only to the king. It was their constant country stands . cry that the king must be supported, right or wrong. But, when the symbol takes the place of the prin- Three- fourths of a century later, the same sort of ciple symbolized, when principles are ignored and loyalty manifested itself in connection with the their symbols are revered for themselves alone, then Mexican war, and James Russell Lowell caught it symbols become the detestable objects of mere up and laughed at it in these well- remembered fetish worship. What the savage is who makes his verses : idol his god, precisely that is the Free Mason who The side of our country must ollers be took, prates about the square and the level regardless of An' Presidunt Polk, you know, he is our country. moral obligations and the principle of equal rights ; An' the angel thet writes all our sins in a book precisely that is the churchman who clings to forms Puts the debit to him, an' to us the per-contry ; and ceremonies regardless of the spiritual prin- An' John P. ciples they are designed to symbolize ; precisely that Robinson he is the man who cheers the flag of his country re- Sez this is his view o' the thing to a T. gardless of the cause in which it waves. They are In later times we have heard with the old persist- fetish worshipers all. (Continued on page 6.) CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION stay little time was lost from sight-seeing. Some checked their suit cases in the station, ate their BULLETIN breakfasts in the Harvey restaurant and proceeded Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, at once to the main entrance of the fair, directly Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, across Lindell boulevard. Others started for their December 23, 1901. boarding or lodging places, where, in many cases, THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the warm breakfasts awaited them, and then returned year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week ol on the street cars to the exposition grounds. Oth- AprilandDecember, by the Chicago Teachers' Federation. ers, who had reserved accommodations at the In- THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single copies, Five Cents. side Inn, entered the grounds at once, and as rapid- ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received byTuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. ly as possible received their assignments and sought ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to the order of the Federation Bulletin. the breakfast room on the American plan or the THE EDITOR , cafe on the European plan. 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO . Those who registered at the Inn felt sorry for Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. and a little superior to those who selected the pri- vate boarding places, but the latter felt amply com- pensated by the exciting street car rides and warm rooms which awaited them at their close, besides the greater cosiness of small numbers. Then, too, there was a certain novelty in trying a different restau- rant for each dinner, as all the boarding places fur- nished a substantial breakfast at a fixed price to all who desired to engage it. The weather on Wednesday was all that could be desired, sunny and not too warm. The attend- ance at the fair, comfortable. Thursday, Thanks- giving Day, was sunny and cooler than Wednes- day, and at 8:30 o'clock the cars were crowded to the steps with St. Louisians and others going to Forest Park and the great exposition. The people kept coming until noon when the early comers and pass-holders began to leave the fair grounds for home and the turkeys which awaited them. Two o'clock came, bringing the afternoon and evening crowd ready for the football game in the Stadium and fireworks . A slight frost Thursday evening made the Friday crowd look a little chilly in the early morning hours, but the bright sunshine soon warmed the TRIP TO SAINT LOUIS . air, and while the large buildings seemed a little cold the Art Building was almost too warm, and A large and congenial party of teachers and wraps were loosened and furs thrown aside during friends left Chicago on the evening of Tuesday, a stay in this structure, where one might linger for Nov. 22, in tourist cars, on the Wabash railroad, hours and go away to return again and again . On Saturday the chilliness of early Friday began bound for the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, to reconcile the visiting strangers to a return to the which is now drawing to a close. Windy City, and the last looks were taken of the The sleepers were open at 9:30, so that those who pictures and the last souvenirs were wrapped in wished to retire while in their accustomed Chicago tissue paper to gladden the eyes of those absent and dear. air might do so, but we imagine their sleep was not Saturday's crowd exceeded, apparently, that of very sound until the later comers had settled them- Thursday, and the day was marked by the visit of selves for the night. It had been the original in- President and Mrs. Roosevelt and Miss Alice tention to have the party leave by the regular 11:30 Roosevelt. The precautions thought necessary in p. m. train, but travel was so heavy that it was de- arranging this visit detracted from the enjoyment of cided almost at the last moment to make the run the other sight-seers though, no doubt without the precautions our strenuous ruler could not have as a special, which left about fifteen minutes later, "done" the fair in the record-breaking period of or 11:45 p . m . eight hours. It must have seemed like some huge The journey was uneventful, the stops being moving picture to the members of the presidential made by the regular train and the voice of the car party and one could only wonder whether it was worth while. porter aroused many an unwilling sleeper from Saturday night a portion of the Chicago party slumber, that is, unwilling to awake, fifty miles left for home in tourist sleepers, and the remainder from St. Louis. Toilets were hurriedly made and on Sunday morning, making a daylight trip over the World's Fair Station was reached at 8 a. m. , the Mississippi and through our own state of Illinois . Wednesday morning. Among the persons visiting the fair were men As most of the party had made arrangements at and women from every branch of the service, even either hotels or boarding houses for their few days' the clerical force being represented and all appar CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 5 ently bent on getting out of the Exposition both er lives in this hot bed of disease all day, her clothes pleasure and profit. brushing dust from the seats, desks and probably the floor. When recess and lunch hour arrive and Going as a party, rates were secured at both hotels and boarding houses and to those who had never the children scamper out into the fresh air, how traveled "à la Tourist" was added a new experi- many teachers go outside the walls of their prison ? I think the reader will agree with me when I say ence and a pleasant one. only a very few. The majority cramp themselves in A party of forty went to the Exposition on the a corner, eat a cold luncheon with a hot cup of tea Illinois Central Railroad, all being registered at the and prepare their school work. Thus the teacher Inside Inn. This party left Chicago Wednesday feels she has no time for her own physical self, but night and were to return Sunday afternoon, each must confine herself completely to her work. member of the party paying a lump sum for his traveling expenses and board at the Inn. The unwisdom of this is seen each year in the wrecking of so many teachers' lives. Under such At the same time a number went down on the conditions any determined or protracted efforts in- Alton Railroad, occupying either chair car or regu- evitably end in the loss of the teacher's health. Good lar sleeper, according as one purchased either a health and physique are prime factors in any voca- $6.00 or a $ 10.00 round trip ticket. tion, but more especially in that one in which as Thursday, December Ist, is the closing day of the instructors we try to show others how to live. A Fair, and St. Louis, as Chicago, will begin to thin, delicate, nervous teacher with drooping shoul- assume its normal appearance. This Fair will prob- ders will certainly fail to impress the minds of her ably be the last one for many years, and not to have charges with the necessity or even the importance seen it will become more and more an irreparable of a strong, well-nourished body to sustain a clear, loss. ROSE GLENN . energetic mind. Many of the women teachers espe- ciaily enter the schools totally unfit physically for TUBERCULOSIS AMONG SCHOOL TEACHERS . this kind of work and were better suited to a more active or outside occupation, but having entered In a quasi-professional article as this a word or upon this their chosen profession is no reason for two about the limitations of my paper may be in neglect in making up any prominent defects in their order. The great "white plague," as consumption physique. When one knows one is not in the best is called, carried off over 7,000 human beings in Illi- of health, strong means should be taken at once to nois alone last year. It caused more deaths than bring the system as near the desired condition as typhoid fever, scarlet fever, diphtheria, bronchitis, possible. influenza, whooping cough, measles and smallpox The close confining air of the school room with its combined according to the statistics of the state unnaturally dry heated state, together with the board of health. But for all of this, consumption stooped position incident to desk work and the may be prevented and its earlier stages completely small amount of outdoor exercise that constitutes cured if properly attended to. the daily life of the average teacher is very produc- The school teachers contribute more than their tive of colds and bronchitis. These are the forerun- fair proportion to this army of victims and this fact ners of consumption and considerable damage may demands their attention. In the United States cen- be done to the tissues before the sufferer is aware sus report it is stated that 1,256 male school teachers of any danger. Every winter a cold should be re- died in 1900, and 264, or over 21 per cent, of the garded as a serious matter and a few days' rest deaths were due to tuberculosis ; of the female taken to recuperate or the advice of the family teachers, 532, or over 28 per cent of a total 1890 physician sought. deaths were due to phthisis. Figures are uninterest- Consumption in its early stages, it must be re- ing reading I know, but the awful prevalence of this membered, is always curable and doubly so, if at- dread disease cannot be better shown. tended to promptly while the individual still has The environment of the school teacher of to-day, strength to fight the disease. Every one has particularly in our own state and city, is vastly dif- breathed these germs at different times, but in some ferent from that of fifty years ago and some of the the disease finds little or no foothold as a good improvements are of doubtful service. In the old physical economy easily repels the invader and the wooden house of those days ventilation was free and patient often recovers without ever knowing that unrestricted ; perhaps too much so at times, but the he was threatened with a fatal illness . class was always supplied with plenty of clean, pure Inherited consumption is an old-time bug bear air. To-day, class rooms are considered cold that that has lost its weight with modern thinkers, and are not at summer heat and the air is so thoroughly it is now generally conceded that the disease is dried out by the process of heating that all foreign "caught" by taking the germs into the system from particles carried or blown into the room are con- the outside world. About one-third of all deaths verted into fine dust and thus aid in their own dis- occurring between the ages of 20 and 35 years are semination. due to tuberculosis in some form and in the major- How many teachers know anything about these ity of instances it is consumption of the lungs. The lower forms of animal and vegetable life ? How school teacher is predisposed to the disease both by many realize the hosts of disease spreading organ- her environment and occupation, but since, "to be isms that are carried into the class room by the forewarned is to be forearmed," it is essential that children from homes where a brother or a sister trivial ailments receive immediate attention that lies ill? Yet into school these youngsters come, not only their lives but also their health and strength perhaps they themselves only just convalescent and may be maintained and that the ability to do their brushing off of their skin or spitting out with each best work may be unimpaired. cough, myriads of infectious microbes. The teach- CHAS. J. DRUECK, M. D. 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. (Continued from page 3.) yet be a patriot ; but the citizen who votes to put And the worst of fetish worship is not merely his country in the wrong or keep it there, is a traitor. that it is personally degrading. The worst of it is The highest and purest patriotism was expressed that it enables designing men to marshal fetish-wor- by Lowell when he wrote : shiping people against the very truths their fetish I loved my country so as only they originally symbolized. Thus hypocrites in the Who loved a mother fit to die for may. church have been able to turn temples of God into I loved her old renown, her stainless fame ;- dens of thieves amid the hosannas of the faithful ; What better proof than that I loathed her shame ? and traitors to the commonwealth have won ap- plause while digging up its foundation and pulling CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION. down its ideals. The fetish of a fetish-worshiping people once secured, all the power of its super- The regular meeting of the Chicago Teachers' stitious worshipers is secured also. Federation will be held at 412 Masonic Temple, De- Popular liberties never have been and never will cember 10, 1904. be destroyed by the power of usurpers. They are The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teachers' destroyed by the free consent of the people them- Federation will meet Monday, December 12, at 4 selves. When a free people turn from the prin- p. m. , in Room 437, Unity Bldg . ciples of liberty to worship its lifeless symbols, they FLORENCE E. TENNERRY, are in condition to become easy dupes of the first Cor. Secretary. bold leader who has the shrewdness to conjure them with those symbols. No free people can lose their liberties while they are jealous of liberty. But the Only the deaf and dumb liberties of the freest people are in danger when they set up symbols of liberty as fetishes, worshiping fail to appreciate the the symbol instead of the principle it represents . This, then, is the difference between true patriot- TELEPHONE ism and spurious patriotism. Whereas the spurious now-a-days . patriot worships the flag of his country and is loyal to her officials right or wrong, the true patriot honors his country's flag as the symbol of her ideals, Business Residence& 5 Cents and per day up . and regards her officials as servants who are en- titled to loyalty and respect always when they are CHICAGO TELEPHONE CO . right but never when they are wrong. The soldier 203 Washington Street. may fight for country, though his country be wrong, Your Last Chance The greatest fair in the world's history is drawing to a close. Even a few days' time there has great educational value. No teacher should fail at least to see the buildings. The trip may be made at small cost . The WABASH is the World's Fair line. It has its own station directly opposite the main entrance, where all trains stop to discharge passengers and baggage. Save time and avoid the crowded Union Station by purchasing tickets via the WABASH . Four daily trains. For further details, call on N. C. KEERAN , City Ticket Agt. , or write to F. A. PALMER, A. G. P. A., 97 Adams Street, 311 Marquette Bldg. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 7 PIANO BUYERS Find Strong Temptation -IN- November Sale -OF- The Manufacturers Annual Clearing at the Kimball Warerooms Means Much for Enrichment of the Home Life. Extraordinary piano buying continues at the Manufacturers' Warerooms, 243 Wabash Ave. , S. W. Corner Jackson Blvd. Besides being a powerful ap- peal to the money-saving motive, this sale includes many instruments of the highest type of the piano maker's art. Kimball Pianos are the product of a home factory. For years their praises have been sung by the world's masters in music. They are within reach of the purchaser of limited means, for they go directly from the great Kimball factories to the home. Unlimited resources of the producers enable them to give the purchaser possession of the instrument while making payment; hence the wisdom of many purchasers anticipating their wants by several months, for rarely do conditions bring such mighty inducements. FOR NOVEMBER ONLY New Eastern Piano and Kimball Piano Player, regular price ........... $ 445 20 Rolls of Music, for operating the Player...... .......... 20 Total ...... .. $465 Special Offer, complete . .... ... $275 Easy Payments if Desired. W. W. KIMBALL CO. ( ESTABLISHED 1857) Southwest Corner Wabash Ave. and Jackson Blvd. 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CARSON PIRIE SCOTT & CO. STATE AND MADISON STREETS—Building formerly occupied by H. A. Selfridge & Co., andby Schlesinger & Mayer. Telephone, Private Exchange, 2. " We Find Everything Here Far Beyond Expectation" That was the unvarying comment of visitors during our Autumn Opening. Such emphatic approval of what we have accomplished, after only two weeks in the new location, is our war- rant for repeating: We have the Facilities, the Merchandise and the Prices to make this the most satisfactory shopping place in Chicago. Every day, as the house organization settles into the new surroundings, brings improvement. THE BASEMENT STORE offers remarkable values every day. New goods at very low prices. Broken lines from the old store at sharp reductions from closing out sale price there. Interesting New Silks and Velvets. THE Burlinghamsand Burlingham sacking rough silk suitings, the daintyWarp Print pompadoureffects and the broad tail velours, the warm rich colored mousseline and chiffon dress velvets, with the hundred or more other weaves, make an attractive collection that will repay a visit. Second Floor Imported Satin Messaline-sheer beautiful quality-a happy purchase of an importer's delayed shipment, enables us to offer 50 piece in a splendid assortment of colors, including white and ivory, at a sale price; a yard..... $1.00 Shirt Waist Sulting Silks-Special new designs Mousseline Bengalines-An imported silk and Plaid Taffetas-Clan colorings as well as the in the small faconne on checks; we offer unusual values at $1 and.. 75c wool dress fabric and a fashion- able one; desirable; all colors, yard 85 modest French tones; leading val- ues-yard, 8$1.25, $1.00 and...... 85c Plain Louisines, Peau de Cygnes, Crepe de Chines, Taffetas unequaled at 85c, 75c and 58c. BLACK SILKS VELVETS We are generously proud of our new possession, the celebrated Moleskin, velour and broad tail velvets for cloaks at lowest "Moneybak." long wearing black dress silks. With the pur- prices. Mousseline chiffon silk velvets, new browns, chase ofeach dress you carry genuine silk insurance. $1.25 Ayard, $2.00, $1.50 and.. terra cotta, leather, $2.50, 82.00 and ...... $1.50 Black paon and chiffon velvets from $1.00 850 black silk crepe de chines and taffetas, genuine bar- gains 68c $5.00 Odd lot of all silk Lyons velvets, $5.00 quality, good color assort- 75c imported black taffetas-special ment, many of the season's new shades, reduced .. 58c to..... $2.50 Box Hoisery Sale: Prices Lower Than Ever. Importations for H. G. Selfridge & Co. to Be Disposed Of. THATtells the reasonwhyweare ina position to make this arecord-breaking boxhosiery sale. Thousands ofdozens of pairs ordered abroad for, and stamped with name of H. G. Selfridge & Co. came to us when we parchased this business. It is all new, desirable merchandise. But we desire to have on our shelves only the Eiffel brand hosiery. Hence these prices. First floor. WOMEN'S HOSE . MEN'S HOSE. Reg.price, Perbox, Reg. price, Perbox, Reg.price, Perbox, per pair. Sixpairs. perpair. Six pairs. perpair. Six pairs. 250 Black cotton double sole or 250 Black cotton, double sole, heel and toes .... $1.00 50c Black cotton, with linen spliced double sole, heels and split sole .. $1.00 toes $2.15 350Blackcotton white double or split $ 1.25 350 Black lisle, fine gauge; black cotton, split sole or white foot... $1.35 750 Black cotton, brilliant mer- cerized black gauze lisle or $2.50 black cotton, extra heavy ...... 400 Black cotton fine gauze... $1.50 40c Black lisle or cotton, split sole 500 Black cotton, double sole, and ribbed top... $1.65 $1.00 Black brilliant lisle or $4.00 60c Fine Egyptian, black cotton, $ 1.75 hand seamed. black cotton.... 50c Black lisle thread; very fine or split sole or white feet .... $2.00 splitsole,black cotton,very fine, $1.85 $1.25 Black ingrain lisle; four 75c plain black fine cotton or outsize or ribbed tops......... thread or split sole... $5.00 mercerized. $2.50 Children's 35c linen knee hose, outwear all other kinds, 3 pairs for 75c. In the Basement Store: Women's plain black cotton, box of six pairs, 65c, 75c, $1, $1.15. Men's, 45c, 60c, 78с. Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin 100 Vol . IV. CHICAGO , DECEMBER 2 , 1904. No. 2. CHICAGO'S NEW CHARTER. It must be amusing to a disinterested observer to hear the cries for immediate action from some quar- Conference of Charter Committee Representatives. ters and the equally insistent demand to go slowly The newspapers of Monday, Nov. 28, contained in framing and presenting the charter from others the following announcement : at least equally influential. The charter committee of the Federation of La- "Harmony Meeting on Charter. With the idea of bringing about a united purpose on the part of bor held its first meeting Tuesday, Nov. 29. The various charter-building committees and organiza- teachers' representative on that committee, Miss tions, the council committee on state legislation has Margaret Haley, left for Boston Monday evening sent an invitation to the Chicago Federation of La- to talk to the Twentieth Century Club, the Boston bor, to the Chicago New Charter Convention and Teachers' Association and the Quincy teachers on to the members of the Cook County delegation to the work of the Chicago Teachers' Federation . the Illinois legislature to meet in conference at the Miss Haley expects to return in time to attend City Club at 6 o'clock Thursday evening, Dec. 1 . the meeting of the Federation of Labor, Dec. 5 , when it is expected the charter committee will re- Chairman Alling of the legislative committee says port progress. Before leaving the city Miss Haley this is only a plan whereby harmony can be ob- outlined her views on the charter in a communica- tained at the outset. Mr. Alling and his associates tion to the charter committee of the Federation of on the legislative committee believe that if there is Labor and also to Chairman Alling of the joint division and working at cross purposes now the conference committee. differences later will be substantial stumbling blocks " . Speaking on the new charter in Sinai Temple Mr. Alling is reported as desiring immediate ac- at the union services of the liberal churches, Rev. tion with a view to presenting a charter to the legis- R. A. White, member of the Board of Education, lature not later than February. is reported as saying: "We can expect no sympathy at Springfield un- Gov. -Elect Deneen on New Charter . less we can adjust our differences at home . I des- At a joint meeting of the Commercial and Mer- perately fear our present course will lead to dis- chants' Club held at the Auditorium Saturday eve- aster and disappointment. We have too many bodies ning, Nov. 26, Governor-elect Chas. S. Deneen and working toward the charter and too many diverse Lieutenant-Governor-elect Lawrence Y. Sherman ideas to bring together. Mayor Harrison should spoke on the new charter. Mr. Deneen is reported be directed by the council to appoint a large and as follows : representative committee to compile the new char- "One is almost appalled when he notes the num- ter." ber of new charters that are in process of making Mr. Cooley spoke at this meeting and is reported in the various organizations. Apparently there will as declaring that the new charter should provide be enough of them ready by the time the legislature for a merit system in the schools and efficient ad- meets to enable a person to get one by dropping a ministration of the system. Also that provision nickel in the slot. I cannot refrain from saying that should be made for an ample teachers' retirement we should proceed slowly in framing the new char- fund, permanent tenure of office and enforcement ter, and that we should be just as careful not to of the child labor law. present a new charter inviting extravagance. There Civic Federation Committee Meets. is no mandatory need requiring us to exhaust the full powers of the new charter and run the city The sub-committee of seven of the Civic Federa- into debt." tion charter committee met at the Union League Lieutenant-Governor-elect Sherman made the Club Saturday and outlined its work for the imme- closing speech, and aroused applause by his vigor- diate future. Following is the statement issued by ous advice to the people of Chicago to get together the committee : before they went before the state legislature with a "It is the sense of the committee that for the pres- new charter . ent it should confine its work to the preparation of "Gather all of your influences together and give two bills, one for the consolidation of the powers them a chance to be heard on the new charter be- of the local taxing bodies in the city of Chicago, fore you send an amendment down to Springfield," and the assumption of their debts by the city, and said Mr. Sherman. "Do your fighting up here, for the issuing of additional bonds by the city, and the there will be a lot of legislators down at Springfield other to provide for a municipal court in place of who will want to do some talking on the subject." justices' courts. The committee also accepted the 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . invitation of the committee of the city council to BY- LAWS . a conference." ARTICLE I. Judge Francis Adams was the only member ab- MEMBERSHIP . sent. He sent word that owing to the pressing of Teachers of the public schools are eligible to official work he would not have time to act. Those membership. The term "teacher" shall be construed in attendance were John P. Wilson, John S. Miller, to mean any teacher in charge of a division, and Mayor Harrison, Judge Murray F. Tuley, B. E. none other. Teachers of German, Kindergarten, Sunny and B. A. Eckhart. By unanimous vote Mr. Manual Training and Household Arts shall be eli- Wilson was elected chairman. gible to membership. Teachers (whose certificates Sixth and Seventh Ward Roosevelt and Deneen Clubs are still valid) who are temporarily out of active Meet. service, shall be eligible to membership. Cadets who The Sixth and Seventh Wards Roosevelt-Deneen have completed four months' service in such capac- Club met yesterday at the Union Restaurant and ity shall be eligible to membership. Associate Members.-Federation members who after perfecting the organization of the "sixth and seventh wards charter committee," declared in favor retire from the service may, by unanimous vote of of the multiplication of groups, societies and organi- the Board of Managers, become associate members zations among the people for the purpose of study- of this Federation on payment of the annual dues. ing and discussing charter legislation. The ex- Honorary Members.-Any person may become an ecutive committee, which is to consist of John R. honorary member by unanimous vote of the Board Thompson, John F. Holland and David F. Matchett, of Managers and a three-fourths vote of the Fed- together with the chairmen of the twenty-three sub- eration, at a regular meeting. Proposals for hon- committees, was instructed to take steps to promote orary membership must be presented to the Board organizations for the discussion of the charter and of Managers at least one month before action is taken. also to co-operate with those bodies now engaged RENEWAL OF MEMBERSHIP . in the work. The resolutions introduced by Senator Francis W. Any teacher whose membership has lapsed for Parker declared in favor of these things : any reason may renew the same on payment of last Find out what the people want. and current year's dues. Reduce it to a proper bill or bills for considera- Membership shall be permanent. Any teacher tion by the legislature at its next session. who fails to pay her membership dues for the cur- On Thursday evening, Dec. I, an open meeting rent year on or before December 15, shall be con- of all people of Englewood and vicinity is to be sidered delinquent, and shall be notified that her held at the Englewood Men's Club, Harvard ave- dues for the year are still unpaid. EXPULSION OF MEMBERS. nut, near Sixty-fourth street. The call is signed by 24 Englewood citizens, among them Rev. R. A. Members may be expelled from this organization White. for unprofessional conduct, but no member may be expelled except upon written charges presented at a regular meeting of the Board of Managers and CONSTITUTION signed by the person making the charges and sus- and tained by a two-thirds vote of the Board of Man- BY- LAWS agers, who shall then report to a regular meeting of the Federation. The call for this meeting shall of state that such report will be made and it shall re- CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION . quire a two-thirds vote of such regular meeting to sustain the action of the Board of Managers in CONSTITUTION . expelling a member. Members against whom charges are made shall have the right to appear in ARTICLE I. person or by counsel before both the Board of Man- NAME. agers and the Federation at the meetings where The name of this organization shall be the "Chi- charges are presented. cago Teachers' Federation. " ARTICLE II . NOMINATIONS AND ELECTIONS. ARTICLE II . SECTION I. All nominations for office shall be OBJECT. The object of this organization shall be to obtain made by members in open meeting, from the floor, for teachers all the rights and benefits to which at the regular meeting prior to the Annual Meeting. they are entitled ; the consideration and study of Each member shall have the right to nominate such subjects as the Federation may deem neces- one candidate for each of the general offices and sary; the consideration and support of the Pension one for Vice-President and Secretary of her re- Law; the study of parliamentary law. spective district. Ballots containing a copy of this section of the Constitution and a list of the offices ARTICLE III . to be filled shall be supplied each member by the OFFICERS . Corresponding Secretary not later than the first The officers of this Federation shall be, a Presi- Monday of the first school week of February. dent, a Vice-President and Secretary for each school The correspondents in each school shall report district, a Recording Secretary, a Corresponding to the Vice-Presidents of their respective districts Secretary, a Financial Secretary, a Treasurer, and all names so placed in nomination for each of these a Business Representative. These officers, except offices and the vote for each. The Vice-Presidents District Secretaries, shall constitute a Board of shall report at the regular meeting prior to the Managers. annual meeting all names so placed in nomination CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 3 in their respective districts and the number of votes SEC. 4. Corresponding Secretary.-The Corre- for each. sponding Secretary shall conduct all correspondence The names of all nominees for the general offices of the Federation, send notices of regular meetings and of the Vice-President and Secretary of the at least five days previous to the date of meeting, district shall be placed on the ballot for election in keep a correct list of members, and perform such that district to be voted at the regular election of other duties as are usually performed by such offi- officers . The names of the candidates shall be cers . printed on the tickets in the order of the number Financial Secretary.-The Financial Secretary of votes received in nomination, beginning with the shall receive and make a record of all dues and name of the candidate receiving the highest number other moneys of the Federation. She shall turn of votes. over to the Treasurer all funds in her possession at Each presidential candidate shall be entitled to least once a month, provided she may keep in the select one teller and one clerk to serve at the an- bank the necessary balance to avoid expense. She nual election, and a judge for each alternate district. shall be required to furnish a surety bond in the the presidential candidate first named on the ticket sum of $ 500.00, the expense of the bond to be borne to have first choice in selecting the district for which by the Federation. the judge is chosen. The judges, tellers and clerks SEC. 6. Treasurer.-The Treasurer shall receive, so selected shall have charge of the election, ar- report and care for all moneys belonging to the Fed- range the details, canvass the vote and certify the eration ; keep an accurate account of receipts and returns to the Recording Secretary. Each presi- expenditures ; pay all bills authorized by the Board dential candidate shall also select one member, who, of Managers and signed by the President, and re- in conjunction with the members selected by the port to the Board at each meeting of said Board other presidential candidates, shall sit as a " court the financial state of the society, and to the Federa- of appeal" during the entire time of the election, tion at the Annual Meeting. The Treasurer shall and decide questions in regard to the rights of mem- be required to give a surety bond in the sum of bers to vote which cannot be satisfactorily decided $2,000, the expense of the bond to be borne by the by the judge and clerks of the district. No candi- Federation. The books of the Treasurer shall be date for any office shall be eligible to act as judge, open to the inspection of any member of the Federa- clerk, teller or member of the "court of appeal." tion upon the written request of any five members. In case but one candidate is nominated for president, The Treasurer shall receive for her services one dol- the nominees for all the offices shall arrange a sat- lar per year, and at the expiration of her term of isfactory plan for selecting clerks, tellers and office, or when her successor has been duly elected judges, which plan must provide for a like repre- and qualified, shall turn over to her successor all sentation of clerks, tellers and judges as in the plan sums of money, books, papers and other property of outlined above. The "court of appeal" shall select the Federation. a committee, whose duty it shall be to attend to the Business Representative.-The Business Repre- printing and proper care of the ballots. Any can- sentative shall perform such duties as may be re- didate receiving a plurality of the whole number quired by the Board of Managers, and shall work of votes cast shall be declared elected. under the direction of the same, and report at each Vice-Presidents and District Secretaries shall be of its meetings. nominated and elected by members from their re- SEC. 8. Board of Managers.-The Board of spective districts . Managers shall make all arrangements for meetings, ARTICLE III . audit bills and attend to such other business as is PROXY VOTES . not otherwise herein provided for. The Board of Any proxy vote must be deposited with the Cor- Managers shall meet regularly twice a month. Spe- responding Secretary not less than one week pre- cial meetings may be called by the President or vious to the casting of such vote. any three members. At such special meetings no business shall be considered except that which is stated in the call. ARTICLE IV . DUTIES OF OFFICERS . ARTICLE V. MEETINGS. SECTION 1. President.-The President shall pre- side at all meetings of the Federation and Board SECTION I. Regular Meetings shall be held on of Managers, and sign all bills authorized by the the second Saturday of each school month, in the Board of Managers. The President shall be ex- forenoon. officio, a member of all standing committees. In SEC. 2. Special meetings shall be at the call of the absence of the President, the Vice-Presidents the President. present shall select one of their number to preside. SEC. 3. All calls for regular meetings shall be In case of a tie the Recording Secretary, or in her signed by the President and Corresponding Secre- absence, the Corresponding Secretary or Treasurer, tary. shall cast the deciding vote. SEC. 4. Admission to all meetings shall be by SEC. 2. Vice-Presidents shall preside at the dis- membership card only. trict meetings of their respective districts , and shall SEC. 5. As soon as practicable after the Annual report to the Board at its first meeting, subsequent Meeting and before the May meeting the members to such district meetings, the action taken by their in each school at a meeting called by the corre- respective districts. spondent, shall elect one of their number to act as SEC. 3. Recording Secretary.-The Recording correspondent for the ensuing year, and shall send Secretary shall keep an accurate record of the pro- the name of such correspondent to the Vice-Presi- ceedings of the meetings of the Federation and dent of the district, who shall make a proper record Board of Managers . (Continued on page 5.) 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION JUDGE LINDSEY RE - ELECTED . BULLETIN Judge Lindsey of the Denver Juvenile Court has Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, been re-elected by a plurality of more than 50,000 votes. Mrs. Florence Kelley, secretary of the Na- Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, December 23, 1901. tional Consumers ' League, writes : "This insures to the children of Denver the con- THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week ol tinued care of the man who secured the Colorado April and December, by the Chicago Teachers' Federation. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single law that any adult contributing to the delinquency copies, Five Cents. ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received of a child is himself a delinquent, and may be pun- by Tuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. ished by fine or imprisonment, or both. ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to the order of the Federation Bulletin. "No one has ever brought to light as Judge Lind- THE EDITOR , sey has done the extent to which men and women 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO . profit sordidly by the tempting of children. Junk Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. dealers buy stolen goods of them, cigarette dealers and saloonkeepers sell wares to them, telegraph and messenger companies send them to infamous FREEDOM IS SOUGHT FOR CHILD SLAVES . places, low theaters sell them tickets. And in most Society National in Scope Organized for Big Crusade communities the thoughtless public acquiesces when to Save Youth . the children are punished. Judge Lindsey places such young offenders on probation, and with them (By Walter Wellman. ) the parent whose neglect may have made the chil- Washington, Nov. 27.-Vigorous efforts are to dren easy prey. But for the sordid men and women be made to mitigate the evil of child labor in the who have profited by the temptation of the chil- United States. It is a startling fact that there are dren there are fines or jail sentences . in this country nearly 2,000,000 children working "How is it that a judge who encounters such powerful political forces as the saloonkeepers, the for wages. About one-fifth of all the children in cigarette trust and the telegraph companies can be the land between the ages of 10 and 15 years are elected by such pluralities ? It is because he has at work-driving mules or picking coal in the an- the good fortune to live and work in a city where thracite region of Pennsylvania, dragging out mis- women vote. The defender of tempted children erable existences in the glass factories of New Jer- is kept permanently in office by the votes of the sey, toiling unceasingly in the cotton mills of the mothers, the teachers, and the other intelligent women of Denver . " South, slaving day and night in the sweatshops of New York and other large cities, deprived of play and education and opportunity to develop physically COLONIAL WOMEN . and mentally. To find the way, through legisla- tion or otherwise, to minimize this evil, an organiza- The Rockford "Register-Gazette" quotes Mrs. tion recently has been formed called the national W. H. Taylor as saying in a D. A. R. meeting : child labor committee. Its headquarters are in New "We are apt to think the business woman the York, but the field in which it will endeavor to product of modern times, but early records show work reforms and afford relief extends throughout this to be a mistake. The name of Margaret Dun- the United States for the evils of child labor are not confined to any section nor to any industry. can, Merchant, is found in early Philadelphia di- rectories. Eliza Lucas, of South Carolina, while Many of the most prominent men and women of yet a young girl, introduced the cultivation of in- the United States have shown interest in this work digo ; she also cultivated silk, spinning and weaving and have given the use of their names in the mem- rich silks which were sold in England. bership of the general committee. Among them are former President Grover Cleveland, Cardinal Gib- "Newspaper women are not a growth of mod- bons of Baltimore, Bishop Greer of the Episcopal ern times. Many Southern newspapers were edited diocese of New York, Isaac N. Seligman of New by women on the eve of the revolution-most of York, United States Senator Tillman of South Car- them widows. Sarah Goddard went into the print- olina, President Charles W. Eliot of Harvard, Hoke ing business with her son and daughter ; Margaret Smith, former Secretary of the Interior, and mem- Draper printed the only newspaper in Boston dur- ing the siege ; Katherine Green of Rhode Island bers of the Georgia child labor committee ; Jane was a newspaper woman ; and women of coast Addams of Hull House, Chicago ; Professor Felix towns took a hand in importing and exporting on Adler, leader of the Society of Ethical Culture and their own account . professor of political and social ethics in Columbia University ; William H. Baldwin, Jr., president of "Women were gardeners, florists, confectioners the Long Island Railroad Company ; Mrs. Emmons and farmers ; and one , Margaret Brent, appeared Blaine, member of the Chicago City Homes' Asso- in the Assembly and demanded a vote, protesting ciation ; Edward J. Devine, general secretary of the against proceedings until she had that privilege. Charity Organization Society, editor of Charities "Abigail Adams wrote to her husband, John and director of the New York School of Philan- Quincy Adams, then absent in Congress : 'In the thropy ; Alexander J. Cassatt, president of the Penn- new code of laws I desire you to be more generous sylvania Railroad Company ; Clark Howell, editor to women than your ancestors were; do not con- of the Atlanta Constitution, and many others promi- fer unlimited power on men. All men would be nent in philanthropic and educational endeavors.— tyrants if they could. We will not be bound by Record Herald, Nov. 28, 1904. any law if we have no voice or representation.' " CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 5 (Continued from page 3.) House and Legislation, which shall serve one year of the same, and thereafter during the year, all Fed- or until their successors are appointed. eration notices shall be sent to the properly accredit- Any member of a committee who fails to attend ed correspondent of each school. three consecutive meetings of the committee, with- ARTICLE VI . out a reasonable excuse, shall be considered to have QUORUM. resigned from the committee . SECTION I. For any meeting of the Federation, DUTIES OF COMMITTEES. twenty-five members shall constitute a quorum. Committee on Press. It shall be the duty of the SEC. 2. For any meeting of the Board of Man- Press Committee to furnish reports of the meetings agers , seven members shall constitute a quorum. to such press representatives as request such re- ARTICLE VII . ports. DUES . Committee on Resolutions. It shall be the duty The annual dues shall be two dollars, of which of the Committee on Resolutions to consider all res- fifty cents shall be for subscription to the Chicago olutions referred to it by the Federation, and to Teachers' Federation Bulletin and one dollar and render a report at the same meeting, or as soon as fifty cents for Federation membership, payable on practicable. or before October first of each year . Committee on Education. It shall be the duty of SALARIES. the Committee on Education to present to the Fed- The Financial Secretary and Business Represent- eration such educational matters and information as ative shall receive the maximum salary of a teacher, it may deem advisable . The committee shall have payable monthly. discretionary power as to the form of presentation . ARTICLE VIII . Committee on Pension.-The Committee on Pen- OFFICERS . sion shall take under consideration all matters per- SECTION 1. Officers shall hold office for one year, taining to pensions . or until their successors shall be elected. SEC. 2. Officers shall be elected annually, at the Committee on Finance. It shall be the duty of the Committee on Finance to consider all matters regular meeting in March. involving the financial interests of the members of SEC. 3. In case of vacancy by resignation, death the Federation. or disability, temporary officers may be appointed Committee on Exigencies. The Committee on by the Board of Managers, to serve until the next Exigencies shall consider matters of such urgency regular meeting of the Federation, when the va- as demand immediate attention. This committee, cancy shall be regularly filled by nomination and in cases of necessity, may, with the sanction of the election ; ( provided, that one month shall intervene Board of Managers , take action. The membership between such nomination and election , and that no- of this committee shall be confined to the Board tice of nomination meeting shall be sent out at least of Managers . five days previous to such meeting ; further pro- vided, that in case of vacancy in the office of Vice- Committee on Rules. It shall be the duty of the President, nomination and election shall be by mem- Committee on Rules to formulate and present to bers of the district in which the vacancy exists. ) the Federation such rules as have been approved by the Board of Managers. SEC. 4. New officers shall enter upon their du- Committee on School Councils.-The Committee ties at an adjourned session of the Annual Meeting, which shall be held not later than three weeks after on School Councils shall keep the Federation in- the first annual session of the Annual Meeting. formed on all matters concerning School, District SEC. 5. Retiring officers shall turn over to their and Central Councils, and shall devise and suggest successors all moneys, papers , records, and all other to the Federation some plan whereby these quasi- property of the Federation. representative bodies, may become, in fact, truly SEC. 6. Order of Business at regular meeting : representative of the teaching force of our public I. schools. Reading and Approval of Minutes. 2. Reports of Standing Committees. Committee on Ways and Means.-The Commit- 3. Reports of Special Committees . tee on Ways and Means shall consider all business 4. Unfinished Business . which does not properly belong to other commit- tees. 5. New Business. Committee on House.----The Committee on House SEC. 7. Order of Business at Annual Meeting : I. Reading and Approval of Minutes. shall select and purchase supplies and furnishings 2. Reports of Officers . for the Federation office, and attend to such other 3. Election of Officers . business as is authorized by the Board of Managers . SEC. 8. Order of Business at Board Meetings : New Business.-Except by unanimous consent, I. Reading and Approval of Minutes . all new business shall be referred to the appropriate committee . 2. Report of Financial Secretary. ARTICLE X. 3. Report of Treasurer. 4. Auditing of Bills . " Robert's Rules of Order" shall govern this Fed- 5. Unfinished Business. eration in all points not herein provided for. 6. New Business . ARTICLE IX . ARTICLE XI . COMMITTEES . These By- Laws may be amended at any annual As soon as practicable after election, the Presi- meeting by a two-thirds vote ; provided, written dent shall appoint Standing Committees on Press, notice of such amendment has been given at a pre- Resolutions, Education, Pension, Finance, Exigen- vious regular meeting ; and by unanimous consent, cies, Rules, School Councils, Ways and Means, may be suspended at any meeting. 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . DEPARTMENTS . other business as may properly be brought before EDUCATIONAL . such meeting. ANNUAL REPORT. Membership in this department shall be limited to teachers who are members of the Federation and The chairman shall, at the annual meeting in the such other teachers as are not eligible to member- month of January make a report of the work of the ship in the Federation . department, including the receipts, disbursements Management of details, funds, etc., shall be in the and balance on hand. This report, in condensed hands of the Federation's Standing Committee on form, shall be mailed to each member before May Education. 1 , of each year . All work shall be determined by the choice of AMENDMENTS . the teachers themselves, who shall make recom- These by-laws may be amended at any annual mendations to the Educational Committee. meeting of the department by a two-thirds vote of The plans of the Committee shall be approved the members present at the meeting and voting on by the Federation. such amendment, provided that the proposed Dues in the Educational Department shall be one amendment has been presented to each member at dollar per year . least one month previous to such meeting or by unanimous vote of the members present and voting MORTUARY FUND . without such notice, and provided that such Provisions Adopted at Meeting of Federation Nov. 12 , amendment shall be ratified by a two-thirds vote of 1904. the members present at the annual meeting of the MEMBERSHIP . Federation. Members of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, principals of schools, and teachers who are ineli- CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION. gible to Federation membership may become mem- bers of this department on payment of the initiation The regular meeting of the Chicago Teachers' fee. Associate members and principals and teach- Federation will be held at 412 Masonic Temple, De- ers not eligible to Federation membership may join cember 10, 1904. this department. The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teachers' FEES, DUES AND ASSESSMENTS . Federation will meet Monday, December 12, at 4 Initiation fee shall be fifty cents, which shall in- p. m. , in Room 437, Unity Bldg. clude the first assessment. Dues shall be twenty- FLORENCE E. TENNERRY, five cents per year, payable not earlier than Oct. 1 , Cor. Secretary. nor later than Dec. 15 of each year. Assessments shall be twenty-five cents for each death, payable on or before one month from the date of notice of death, and if then unpaid, membership shall lapse. Members who allow their memberships to lapse shall be eligible to renew them on the same Doubly Secured basis as new members . Members of the Federa- tion who allow their Federation membership to Investment lapse shall thereby cease to be members of this department. FUNDS. The initiation fees, annual dues and ten per cent of each assessment shall be used for the necessary 12% Guaranteed printing, postage, etc., incident to the proper carry- ( 3% Quarterly ) ing out of the spirit of this department. Investment Absolutely Safe BENEFITS. The entire sum collected from any assessment, We manufacture a Specialty and profits are enormous. We earned 194 % last year and can less ten per cent, shall constitute the death benefit, more than double our business by increasing our which shall be paid to the beneficiary of the de- manufacturing facilities, to do this we will sell a ceased member immediately on receiving proper small amount of stock. notification and proof of the death of a member. COLLECTION AND DISBURSEMENT OF FUNDS. Safer than a bank, for your investment is Guar- anteed by the largest and most reliable insurance All funds of the department shall be collected and company in the world. disbursed by the financial secretary and treasurer We prefer a large number of small investors, as of the Federation, and no death benefit shall be dis- every stock holder increases our business which bursed by the treasurer to any beneficiary other than means an increase in profits. the person or persons named in the certificate of the member. Before any death benefit is paid, satisfac- We have been established sixteen years and can tory evidence must be furnished that membership furnish best of commercial, bank and personal references . had not lapsed. ANNUAL MEETING , If you are interested address The members of the Mortuary Fund Department shall meet once each year during the month of C. F. LUND & CO. January for the election of a chairman and auditors 605 Railway Exchange Bldg. for the ensuing year and the transaction of such CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 7 PIANO BUYERS Find Strong Temptation -IN- November Sale -OP- The Manufacturers Annual Clearing at the Kimball Warerooms Means Much for Enrichment of the Home Life. Extraordinary piano buying continues at the Manufacturers' Warerooms, 243 Wabash Ave. , S. W. Corner Jackson Blvd. Besides being a powerful ap- peal to the money-saving motive, this sale includes many instruments of the highest type of the piano maker's art. Kimball Pianos are the product of a home factory. For years their praises have been sung by the world's masters in music. They are within reach of the purchaser of limited means, for they go directly from the great Kimball factories to the home. Unlimited resources of the producers enable them to give the purchaser possession of the instrument while making payment; hencethe wisdom ofmany purchasers anticipating their wants by several months, for rarely do conditions bring such mighty inducements. FOR NOVEMBER ONLY New Eastern Piano and Kimball Piano Player, regular price ........... $ 445 20 Rolls of Music, for operating the Player .... ....... 20 Total ...... ... .... $465 Special Offer, complete . .. ... ...... .. $275 Easy Payments if Desired. W. W. KIMBALL CO . ( ESTABLISHED 1887) Southwest Corner Wabash Ave. and Jackson Blvd. 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CARSON PIRIE SCOTT & CO. STATE AND MADISON STREETS-Building formerly occupied by H. G. Selfridge & Co., andby Schlesinger & Mayer. Telephone, Private Exchange, 2. " We Find Everything Here Far Beyond Expectation" That was the unvarying comment of visitors during our Autumn Opening. Such emphatic approval of what we have accomplished, after only two weeks in the new location, is our war- rant for repeating: We have the Facilities, the Merchandise and the Prices to make this the most satisfactory shopping place in Chicago. Every day, as the house organization settles into the new surroundings, brings improvement. THE BASEMENT STORE offers remarkable values every day. New goods at very low prices. Broken lines from the old store at sharp reductions from closing out sale price there. Interesting New Silks and Velvets. THE Burlinghamsand Burlingham sacking rough silk suitings, thedaintyWarp Print pompadour effects and the broad tail velours, the warm rich colored mousseline and chiffon dress velvets, with the hundred or more other weaves, make an attractive collection that will repay a visit. Second Floor Imported Satin Messaline-sheer beautiful quality-a happy purchase of an importer's delayed shipment, enables us to offer 50 piece in a splendid assortment of colors, including white and ivory, at a sale price; a yard ....... $1.00 Shirt Waist Suiting Silks-Special new designs Mousseline Bengalines-An imported silk and Plaid Taffetas-Clan colorings as well as the wool dress fabric a'da fashion- inthe small faconne on checks; we offer unusual values at 81 and.. 75c able one; desirable; all colors , yard 85c modest French tones; leading val- ues-yard, 81.25. 81.00 and.......... 85c Plain Louisines, Peau de Cygnes, Crepe de Chines, Taffetas-unequaled at 85c, 75c and 58c. BLACK SILKS VELVETS We are generously proud of our new possession, the celebrated Moleskin, velour and broad tail velvets for cloaks at lowest "Moneybak." long wearing black dress silks. With the pur- prices. Mousseline chiffon silk velvets, new browns, chase of each dress you carry genuine silk insurance. $1.25 terra cotta, leather, $2.50, $2.00 and ..... $1.50 Ayard, 82.00, $1.50 and... Black paon and chiffon velvets from $1.00 85c black silk crepe de chines and taffetas, genuine bar- gains 68c $5.00 Oddlot of all silk Lyons velvets, 85.00 quality, good color assort 75c imported black taffetas-special 58c ment, many of the season's new shades, reduced $2.50 to..... Box Hoisery Sale: Prices Lower Than Ever. Importations for H. G. Selfridge & Co. to Be Disposed Of. THAT tellsthe reasonwhyweare ina position to make this arecord-breaking boxhosiery sale. Thousands of dozens of pairs ordered abroad for, and stamped with name of H. G. Selfridge & Co. came to us when we parchased this business. It is all new, desirable merchandise. But we desire to have on our shelves only the Eiffel brand hosiery. Hence these prices. First floor. WOMEN'S HOSE . MEN'S HOSE. Reg.price, Perbox, Reg. price, Perbox, Reg. price. Per box, perpair. Sixpairs. perpair. Six pairs. perpair. Six pairs. 25c Black cotton double sole or 250 Black cotton, double sole, heel and toes ....... $1.00 50c Black cotton, with linen spliced double sole, heels and split sole. $1.00 350Black lisle, fine gauge; black toes $2.15 350Blackcotton double or split $ 1.25 cotton, split sole or white foot... $1.35 75c Black cotton, brilliant mer- $2.50 400Black cotton fine gauze.... $1.50 cerized black gauze lisle or black cotton, extra heavy ....50c Black cotton, double sole, 40cBlack lisle orcotton, split sole and ribbed top...... $1.65 $1.00 Black brilliant lisle or hand seamed. $ 1.75 black cotton... $4.00 60csplit Fine Egyptian, black cotton, sole or white feet ......... $2.00 500Black lisle thread; very fine or splitsole,black cotton,very fine, $1.85 $1.25 Black ingrain lisle; four $5.00 75c plain black fine cotton or outsize or ribbed tops....... thread or split sole..... mercerized.. $2.50 Children's 35c linen knee hose, outwear all other kinds, 3 pairs for 75c. In the Basement Store: Women's plain black cotton, box of six pairs, 65c, 75c, $1, $1.15. Men's, 45c, 60c, 78с. Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin 100 Vol. IV. CHICAGO , DECEMBER 9, 1904. No. 3. BOARD OF EDUCATION. for this position, and that while Miss Mayer is so Wednesday , Dec. 7 , 1904 employed she shall be paid on the regular schedule for teachers of crippled children. The President, Mr. Mark, appointed a committee That Maude Pearce and Elvira W. Booth be of seven to draft provisions concerning the organi- placed on the list for appointment to positions as zation and conduct of the Educational Department teachers of kindergartens, in accordance with the of the Municipality for Incorporation in the new rules. Charter. The following members were named on That Ruth Schurtz be awarded a partial certificate the committee : Mark, White, Stolz, Fetzer, Thorpe to teach in the elementary schools under the rules . and O'Ryan. Supt. Cooley was added to the com- That after the Christmas holidays the public mittee and the suggestions of principals' and teach- schools be opened on Tuesday, January 3, 1905. ers' organizations invited. The lines on which That in consequence of the closing of the day amendment are suggested include the following : schools on Monday, January 2, 1905, the date of the opening of the evening schools be changed from That the Board of Education should be given spe- January 2, 1905, to January 9, 1905, and that the cific authority to conduct a training school for teach- evening schools close on March 17, 1905, instead of ers, it being maintained that the board has no actual on March 10, 1905 . legal authority to run the normal school. That Charles F. Fitzgerald be awarded a certifi- cate to teach manual training in the elementary That the board be given definite authority to con- schools , to date from September 5, 1904. duct manual training schools, trade schools, vaca- That, at its meeting held November 21 , 1904, the tion schools and evening schools . Superintendent of Schools was instructed to inter- That the tenure of office of the superintendent of pret the rule allowing two entertainments per year schools be fixed at five years . in the public schools to mean: "No permission be That teachers be given permanent tenure of of- granted for the holding of bazaars in the public schools." fice. That since the above action the superintendent has That the superintendent of schools be given the received statements from several principals that they power of initiative in the appointment and promo- have incurred some expense in the preparation of tion of teachers . work and the purchase of materials for such bazaars, which will be entirely lost if they are not allowed to That provision be made for the pensioning of proceed with their plans . teachers outside of the present contributions made That, in view of such expense incurred by princi- by deducting part of the salary. pals, the rule above stated be not made retroactive, That adequate educational funds be insured to and that authority be granted for the holding of such meet the constant growth and increased demands, bazaars where expense was incurred and prepara- tions begun for them prior to the passage of the rule, and to provide for kindergartens, manual training on condition, however, that such entertainments be and domestic science teaching in all the schools of confined to the exhibit and sale of work and ma- the city. terials prepared by pupils, and that all features hav- The following reports were concurred in : ing the elements of games of chance be eliminated That Grace B. Marsh be awarded a certificate as from the programs . teacher in the high schools. That Winifred J. Hammond be placed on the list for appointment, in accordance with the rules. That Julia O. Donoghue be awarded a certificate That drawing supplies be purchased for use in to teach in the elementary schools . the Newberry School at an estimated cost of $25.00, That the superintendent be authorized to employ, on requisition from the principal, approved by the temporarily, Mae I. Mayer, a teacher in the Mark Superintendent of Schools, the amount to be charged to the Newberry fund. Sheridan School, to take charge of the room opened That all notices to parents or guardians in the for crippled children in that school, and that she be cases of absences, etc., heretofore sent by employing permitted to carry on this special line of work until pupils to personally deliver the same at the homes such time as the board has fully qualified teachers of the absentees, shall, in the future, be sent to such 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. parents or guardians through the mail, and that the placed on the list for appointment to a position in the Superintendent of Schools be authorized to obtain a elementary schools, in accordance with the rules. supply of prepaid postal cards necessary for the car- rying out of this order . That Esther R. Perry, a teacher in the Goldsmith School, be elected head assistant of the Goodrich That the following named persons, who hold School in place of Marietta Edington, placed on the valid certificates to teach in the schools for the deaf unassigned list. in Chicago have been reported to the State Superin- tendent of Public Instruction and have been ap- That Martha V. Bishop of the Calhoun School be pointed by him as teachers of the deaf in the public elected head assistant of the Holden School in place schools of Chicago, in accordance with the provi- of Caroline W. Colton, resigned. sions of the act of June 11 , 1897 : Cordele Andrews, Mabel Matoon King, Clara Ellen Newlee, Lillian Report on teachers married during the years 1903 Bell Pearse . and 1904, to date : That, in accordance with the authority granted by The Superintendent of Schools respectfully re- the board on November 23, 1904, to employ the ports that the rules of the Board of Education (Sec- teachers in the McCowen Oral School until after tion 207) require that he shall report to the board they take the examination, the Superintendent of the names of teachers who have married while in Schools has assigned Daisy M. Cannon as a substi- the service of the Board of Education. tute teacher for the deaf. The superintendent, therefore, respectfully sub- mits the following list of teachers in the schools who have changed their names by marriage during BOARD OF EDUCATION. the school year 1903-4, and during the present school year to date : Wednesday, Nov. 29, 1904. School-Former Name-Name After Marriage : The following action was taken : Normal-Therese R. Torgatsh ; Therese T. Dillon. The President, Mr. Mark, submitted the follow- Hyde Park High-Margaret Smith; Margaret S. Young. ing revised list of committees for the year 1904- Lake View High-Carolyn Parrish; Carolyn P. Olmsted. 1905: Arnold-May Shriner; May S. Doyle. Avondale-Ida L. Morton; Ida L. M. Fursman. Committee on School Management-Mr. Camer- Beale *Alice M. Conlong; Alice M. Gayman. on, chairman; Messrs. Claussenius, Dudley, Stolz , Blaine- Julia Fountain ; Julia F. Foberg. O'Ryan, Fetzer, Rowland, Mrs. Keough, Messrs . *Anna Kappes ; Anna K. Eickelberg. White and Fitzgerald. Brentano-Stella E. Palmer; Stella P. Halvorsen. Committee on Buildings and Grounds Mr. Bryant-Melane J. Hildebrandt; Melane H. Wolff. Thorp, chairman ; Messrs. Tilden, Thompson, Plam- Burroughs-*Helen E. Padget; Helen E. Hadley. ondon, Chvatal, Kuflewski, Shields, Hayes, Duddle- Carpenter-Anna O. Olsen ; Anna O. Espeseth. ston and Weil . Chalmers-Julia Reddick ; Julia R. Butts. Committee on Finance-Mr. Fetzer, chairman ; Clarke-Serena B. Hogan ; Serena H. Hayes. Mr. Tilden, and the Chairman of the School Man- Cummings-*Lillie A. Edman; Lillie A. Mathie. agement Committee and the Chairman of the Build- Darwin-* Charlotte M. Greyware ; Charlotte M. Smith. ings and Grounds Committee. Annie E. Rees ; Annie E. Jones. Dewey-Katharine A. Byrne ; Katharine B. Seaman. The following reports were concurred in : Dore Nellie Mackey ; Nellie M. Horen. Anna L. McNulty ; Anna L. McInerney. That Sarah C. Hunter was elected to the position Earle-* Louise B. Sinank ; Louise M. Britton. of head assistant in the Henry Clay School on June *Nellie Jillson; Nellie J. Baker. 29, 1898, and on January 1, 1899, her salary was Ericsson- Carrie L. Bisbee ; Carrie L. Varcoe. fixed at $ 1,000.00. She was re-elected annually as *Mabelle A. Peacock ; Mabelle A. Costello. head assistant until June, 1903. The records for Farren- Carrie A. Keefe ; Carrie A. Slusser. June, 1903, and June, 1904, through some error, fail Forestville-*Daisy Springer; Daisy S. Ingalls. to show her re-election as head assistant, although *Sarah I. Proudfit; Sarah P. Roden. she has occupied that position . Foster-Jessica D. Mackway ; Jessica M. Waldron. The superintendent, therefore, recommends that Goodrich-Mae Graham ; Mae G. Chapman. the records be corrected to show the re-election of Ethel A. Holmes ; Ethel H. Walker. Sarah C. Hunter to the position of head assistant in Mary Carlson ; Mary C. Niestadt. the Henry Clay School. Graham-Alice Mitchell ; Alice M. Shortle. That Agatha A. Jennings, who holds a certificate Grant-Lucretia R. Kester ; Lucretia K. Sampson. as principal of an elementary school, dated February Hancock-Nellie G. O'Brien; Nellie G. Torpey. 7, 1900. should have been reported for promotion to Hamilton- Frances C. FitzSimmons ; Frances F. O'Connell. Hamline-Alma C. Anderson ; Alma C. Swane. the first group of salaries, promotion to date from September 5, 1904, but that through accident her Harrison-*Grace Y. Priest; Grace Y. Naphys . name was omitted from the list. Hawthorne-Grace Lauterman ; Grace L. Hawkins. Hedges-Mary C. Smith ; Mary C. Ryan. The superintendent, therefore, respectfully recom- Headley-Olga M. Waller ; Olga M. Boyd. mends that Miss Jennings be promoted to the first Irving-May F. Power ; May P. Avery. group of salaries, to date from September 5, 1904, Jefferson-*Emma Atkinson ; Emma A. Fyfe. in accordance with the rules. Jungman-*Adele R. Weiskopf; Adele R. W. Sabath, That Victoria Lenwein, a former teacher, be Keith-Florence A. Johnson ; Florence A. Brent. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 3 King-Elizabeth P. Wilson; Elizabeth P. Patterson. TEACHERS ' SALARIES. Margaret E. Emerson ; Margaret E. Holway. La Fayette-*Margaret M. White ; Margaret M. Gill . President William R. Harper of the University Langland-*Jennie Clancy ; Jennie C. Sheehy. of Chicago sums up the teachers' salary question as follows : La Salle-*Fannie Goodman ; Fannie Waldbott. *Marjorie MacBurney ; Marjorie M. Lincoln. I. The salaries paid are insufficient in view of Logan-*Lela M. Peet ; Lela P. Poinier. the grade of talent demanded for the work of in- Mann-Carrie Sherman; Carrie S. Christie. struction. It is universally recognized that strong McCosh-Mary L. Lincoln; Mary L. Sayer . qualities are called for in a teacher, and that a suc- Morris-*Lenna G. Atwood ; Lenna G. A. Ladd. cessful teacher is one who can succeed likewise in *Carrie Heyle; Carrie H. MacCrohan. a multitude of ways outside the profession of teach- Nixon-* Kate MacDonald; Kate M. McCormick. ing. Yet we are willing to pay to our children's -Grace C. Bryce; Grace C. Hull. Otis teacher a salary far less than is paid in many cases Parental-Mary W. Warner ; Mary W. North. to the keeper of our horses or to the keeper of our cattle. Peabody-Nellie A. Tarby ; Nellie T. Woulfe. 2. Maude E. Thompson; Maude E. T. Kerr. The salaries paid are insufficient in view of Pullman-Elsie M. Howe ; Elsie H. McKenney. the large amount of technical preparation required Anna M. Mott ; Anna M. Streeter. for the performance of the duties of the office. Ray-Belle McCartney; Belle M. Rose. Years of preparation are required; first, in the high Ryerson-Elsa J. Hildebrandt; Elsa J. Shalek. school and later in the college or professional school . Scammon-Mary B. Bryant ; Mary B. Catelain. Is it justice to those who have pursued this laborious Schiller-Nora Horan ; Nora H. Ilg. course that in the end they should find themselves Schley-Katherine Dempsey; Katherine D. Hyde. limited to a salary so small as to seem pitiful in Grace E. Willard; Grace E. W. Kaiser. view of the hardship undergone and the expense which has been incurred ? Martha M. Matzinger; Martha M. Stevenson. Sexton-* Bertha Thorsson; Bertha T. Jacobson. 3. The salaries paid are insufficient in view of the character of the work required of the teacher. Sherman-*Joanna M. O'Brien ; Joanna M. Riordan. The four or five or six hours in the schoolroom re- Shields-Annie J. Lindsay ; Annie J. L. Smith . Skinner-Nellie Aggen; Nellie A. Hempenius. quire a strength of body and a strength of mind as Spry-Florence J. Millerd ; Florence M. Herrick. great as is required in the practice of any profes- Stanley-*Katherine R. Gavin; Katherine G. McIsaac. sion. In no other work can it be so truly said that the toiler gives forth of his own strength to the one Talcott-Evangeline Gavin; Evangeline G. McCoy. for whom he toils. Tilton-Stella Robertson ; Stella R. Cottrell. 4. The salaries paid are insufficient in view of VanVlissingen-Harriet Chumleigh ; Harriet C. Lapham . the necessary professional expense connected with *Grace Pennoyer ; Grace P. Bixel. a teacher's life. The teacher who is to maintain his West Pullman-Effie De Young; Effie D. Bailey. or her position must read daily. This requires the Whittier-*Eliza M. McNanley ; Eliza M. Newman. purchase of many books. At least 20 per cent of the Yates-Frances C. Tynan ; Frances C. T. Williams. teacher's salary can be spent to advantage in this School Year 1904-5 to Date- kind of effort to renew the mind and the body. Can Adams-Mary E. Whalen ; Mary W. Frawley. it be done on the present basis of salaries ? Brenan-Elizabeth M. Beatty; Elizabeth M. Brown. 5. The salaries paid are insufficient in view of Burr-Victoria Matthews ; Victoria M. Hutter. the provision which should be made beforehand for Coonley-Mary A. Surridge; Mary S. Brander. old age. It is a serious question whether a woman Elizabeth E. Reichert ; Elizabeth R. Horstman. over 50 or 55 years of age can teach in the grades. Farragut-Katherine Scanlan; Katherine S. Kelly. But what is there left for a teacher that is com- Greene-Daisy P. Abbott; Daisy P. Hayes. pelled to give up her work at the age of 50 or 55 ? Hancock- Sarah E. Lamb ; Sarah L. O'Mara. No new occupation can be taken up. The work of Abbie L. Moran; Abbie M. Robertson. life is practically finished and yet the individual Harrison-Eva E. Boyles ; Eva E. Clerc. must go on living possibly many years. Hartigan-Mary A. Hurley ; Mary H. Dunlap. Healy-Florence Sutherland; Florence S. Crabb. PROVERBS OFF THE KEY, Holden-Mary F. Jephoon ; Mary E. Gawley. Two weds are better than one. Howe-Kate Lester; Kate L. Hawley. True love never dyes. Jefferson-Julia A. Sullivan ; Julia A. Keating. Madison-Isabella F. Boraker ; Isabella B. Stevenson . Money makes Chicago. Sins cover a multitude of charities. Mavor-Alice Harberg; Alice H. Bek. Parkman- Emına Vollquardson ; Emma V. Malcolm. Still waters are intoxicating. Peabody-Alice Costello ; Alice C. Bruce. Evil is the route of all money. Prescott-Nellie Kingsley ; Nellie K. Tilton. Poets are born in Indiana, not Maine. Look not on the wine when it is table d'hote. Pulaski-Ida Pohle; Ida P. Herzberg. Pullman-Elva A. Hill ; Elva H. Matlock. Cleanliness is next to impossible in Chicago. The woman who hesitates is one-in a million. Ravenswood-Anna Drumm; Anna D. Fagan. Ryerson-Mary V. Plowright ; Mary V. Atkinson. Never say dye ; do it if you must, but say nothing. Schley-Constance Menzel ; Constance M. Van Ness. Many are called, but few have better than sixes up. Walsh-Mary L. Mackey ; Mary L. Spengler. The diamond is the hardest known substance- Swing-Margaret Hayes ; Margaret H. Dodge. Tilton-Isabella McCallum; Isabella M. Gano. to pay for. Brentano-Dorethea Dowd; Dorethea D. Lammers . People who live in glass houses mustn't-but ad- *Resigned, or not teaching. vice on such impractical people would be wasted, so what's the use.-Franklin P. Adams . 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION minors, to convicted criminals and to the insane, assuming that universal suffrage logically demands BULLETIN that extension, are the veriest pettifogging. Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, There is a period in everyone's life when he is Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, concededly incompetent to participate in govern- December 23, 1901. ment. This is indubitably true of an infant in arms. THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the Later there comes a period when, if of sane mind, year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of he is competent. This is certainly true of the man April andDecember, by the Chicago Teachers' Federation. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single or woman of 30. But as no general rule can be for- copies, Five Cents. mulated for determining as to each person when he ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received byTuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. crosses the line between the incompetency of child- ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to the order of the Federation Bulletin. hood and the competency of manhood, it is custom- THE EDITOR , ary to fix an age period of general application arbi- 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO. trarily. If the period fixed be reasonable, it involves Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. in no rational sense a denial of the suffrage. A similar principle applies to the insane. Men who are adjudged incompetent from insanity to UNIVERSAL SUFFRAGE manage their own affairs, may be denied the suf- frage without the slightest prejudice to the princi- From Ethics of Democracy . ple of suffrage as a natural right. And as to con- victs, the same principle that justifies the denial to Louis F. Post. them of life or liberty consistently with the theory Government by all the governed, commonly des- of natural rights to life and liberty, may deny them ignated self-government, can be administered only the suffrage without raising any question of incon- by universal suffrage. All the people do not govern sistency with reference to the suffrage as a natural unless all have a potential voice in the government. right. Universal suffrage may indeed fail to secure gov- In other words, to withhold the suffrage from ernment by all, but there is no such thing as gov- persons incapable of performing ordinary obliga- ernment by all without it. The question, then, of tions is not inconsistent with the principle that suf- whether or not suffrage is a natural right is deter- frage is a natural right. Liberty is a natural right. mined by the question of whether government by But consistently with that right children are held in all or government by superior force is the natural tutelage. Consistently with that right any one who kind of government. is "non-compos" is restrained. Consistently with It may well be objected that a majority under that right again convicts are imprisoned. To argue universal suffrage is in no wise different from an that the suffrage is not a natural right because it is oligarchy under restricted suffrage, for it is true properly withheld from immature individuals, from that majorities are often autocratic. But this is individuals adjudged "non compotes," and from chargeable to defective methods. In essential prin- criminal convicts, is to argue that liberty itself is ciple, and to a very high degree in actual practice, not a natural right, then the only basis for natural majorities are radically different from oligarchies . right is superior force, which is a moral absurdity. * Majorities proceed upon the principle that rights Self-government has been defined as not a right to life and liberty are natural and equal ; oligarchies at all but a capacity; and the right to exercise a proceed upon the theory that these rights are neither capacity, as depending on the possession of it. That equal nor natural, but are gifts from superiors. In is a queer inversion. Without enjoyment of the actual practice an oligarchy, which is a stable class right, the capacity can never be acquired. It is placed over other classes, is unresponsive to their experience in governing himself that gives strength demands; whereas a majority, a shifting quantity of character to the individual; it is the experience in only one class but that a class which embraces of their members participating in public affairs that the whole community, is affected by all. With these gives strength of character to communities. Even distinctions clear, all rational objections to govern- if that were not so, the anti-suffrage contention ment by majority are removed, if we conceive of falsely assumes that some people can govern other government as confined to its legitimate functions. people and some communities other communities When government is conceived of as possessing better than the others can govern themselves If power to regulate private concerns, government by this were true, it would lead straight to universal majority is as intolerable as any other species of monarchy. For there must, in that case, be at any tyranny. But when it is conceived of merely as the given time some man who can govern all the rest agent for protecting natural rights and administer- better than they can govern themselves ; and in ac- ing common property, government by majority com- cordance with the contention he ought to be en- mends itself as fair and natural. It is the only throned. At any rate, that contention is the essen- method of securing in common concerns common tial principle of monarchism, which derives all its action in accordance with common agreement. force from the theory that the masses cannot gov- The same distinction also makes the naturalness ern themselves, but must be governed, both with of the right of suffrage self-evident. To have a reference to their individual and their communal voice in the management of the organization which rights, by others . is charged with the protection of everyone's life Though we admitted this principle, we should still and liberty and the administration of everyone's in- have to ask how the governing nations or classes are terest in common property, is a natural right if any- to be selected. If they were selected by the gov- thing can be. *Same subject further considered in Part VII, Chapter Objections to universal suffrage as a right, which II, " Patriotic Ideals," and Chapter III, " Trampling Upon rest upon the absurdity of extending the suffrage to Patriotic Ideals ." CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 5 erned, that would be government by consent of the Women are citizens and vote on equal terms with governed. But they never are so selected. They men. All other State constitutions make invidious select themselves. And they do so selfishly. No distinctions . The majority classify women, idiots , nation or class has ever forced its dominion upon criminals and untaxed Indians, in the category of another for the good of the latter, and none ever the disfranchised. This official brand of inferiority will. The desire for mastership is the most evil reflects on the moral tone of the nation. Politics- of all passions ; and however it may mask its de- the religion of our national life is a synonym for signs in philanthropic pretensions, the nation or corruption and vice. The morality and purity class that seeks to govern others does so for its which women could infuse into public affairs is own aggrandizement. "It is not for my breakfast denied on the most illogical of pretexts, while the that you invite me down," said the goat in the fable naturalized foreign felon is admitted to participate to the wolf who had urged him to descend to the in citizenship. foot of the cliff where rich grass would give him So lightly do we hold the claims of men from better breakfast, "but for your own. " the standpoint of fitness to govern, that in fourteen The mob that blows up a factory with dynamite States a foreigner, knowing nothing of our institu- is not to be let alone, it is objected; as if the right tions or principles, can vote "on intention of being of its members to self-government demanded that naturalized," even though he has just landed on it should be let alone. The objection is not per- our shores . The American born woman, with a tinent. In such a case the mob is restrained because line of American ancestors, is superceded by these it is denying the right of self-government to others. alien hordes. If the mob could harm no one but its own members , That one-half of the people of the nation should and not disturb or jeopardize the public peace, there be dominated by the other half, upon no better cre- would be no right of interference on the part of the dentials than those of sex is an injustice that mocks community. Again, the hypothesis of government our republican motto of "equal rights for all." of physicians and keepers in a lunatic asylum by the Ida Porter Boyer. insane inmates, is gravely advanced as an illustra- tion of the unsoundness of government by majori- AN EQUAL SUFFRAGE CONVENTION . ties . This is on a par with the familiar and oft- answered objection to universal suffrage, that in- The day has arrived when the world must take fants in arms would under that doctrine have the into account the fact that women are exerting a right to vote. To make exceptional conditions like decided influence in the political world-an influ- these the basis for an argument against self-gov- ence that is nonpartisan, and, therefore, one upon ernment and universal suffrage is to expose the which none of the existing parties can rely. weakness of the cause in behalf of which it is made. One needs only to talk to an enthusiastic woman suffragist to prove that women will know how to No such plea would be offered by any candid man use the ballot when they obtain it. who had analyzed the principle of self-government One needs only to visit one of the conventions by universal suffrage before attacking it. Let it be of this organization to prove that the women who clearly understood that the principle of self-govern- seek equal suffrage are made of the qualities that ment has a twofold application-in its relation to the endure until victory is won. In these conventions individual, and in its relation to the community; the woman suffragist will be seen in her native ele- that in its relation to the individual, it implies that ment; and the first impression one gets is that of his freedom shall be limited only by the equal free- carnestness . The next impression is one of lost dom of everyone else; that in its relation to the individuality, for the suffragist is a woman who for- community, it implies that each ordinary person of gets herself in concern for cause, and the usually maturity shall have an equal voice with every other inevitable ego seems to have been entirely elimi- in affecting the majority which determines the cur- nated, not only from her convention, but from her- rent management of affairs that are common to all self. -let these simple and self-commendatory proposi- The suffragist curls here hair, wears diamonds tions be apprehended, and all the frivolous talk and tailored gowns ; but, unlike many women, she about voting in lunatic asylums, about voting by seems to forget her clothes the minute they are babies, about majority government not being self- donned. government, will sound as puerile as in fact it is. It is her intelligent purpose that makes her strong. And as to the common assertion that the end of It is her devotion to duty and her conviction of all good government is self-government, that will right and justice that converts you to her cause. sound as empty as the same sentiment applied to an It is her womanhood that inspires you and her individual thus: "The end of all good conduct is truthfulness that captivates you. self- conduct." As the individual's conduct cannot The suffragist says little about what she will do be good unless it is self-controlled, neither can gov- when the ballot is hers. All she seems to be want- ernment be good unless it is self-government. Des- ing now is the equal right to vote upon public ques- potism may preserve the peace, but despotism can- tions , and to participate in the government which not make men peaceable. Self-government by uni- is so largely hers-a government whose laws she versal suffrage, and this alone, can do that. It may must obey, and which her taxes and labor help to not do it at once, for character is not made in a support. day. But this is the only kind of government hat She is tired, she says, of being classed with im- can do it ultimately. beciles, aliens, insane and criminals, and she asks the right of the ballot that she may stand in her WOMAN CONSTITUTIONALLY CLASSED . proper place toward the nation-a place which both her quick intelligence and her relation to the gen- The State Constitution of Wyoming, Colorado, erations yet unborn demands. Idaho and Utah make no discrimination against sex. The universal ballot certainly means a readjust 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . ment all along political lines for all parties. There "It is like a dog with his feet crumpled up under has not been a time in the history of any country him." when one-half of its intelligent citizens were sud- Another bright applicant set forth the fact "the denly given the power to assist in the government ; decleration of Indipendence was written by Ab:a- and this power must of necessity cause much con- ham Lincoln in 1862 and went into effect in 1863 in sternation among those partisans who care more Washington." for party than for principle, more for low politics Some questions and answers in grammar are then than for high purposes. Kate Alexander. given as follows : "What is the origin of our alphabet ?" " The alphabet originated from the English lan- WHY FAVOR THE MEN? guage. Adam was the first man to speak the En- Director Pieplow of the Milwaukee school board glish language. " "What are pronouns ?" wants all teachers who have graduated from both "I, he, she, it. I is the first person, he is the sec- normal school and a college and who are now teach- ond person, she is the third person, it is the fourth ing in that city paid higher wages . We do not person. Pronoun is used instead of noun." exactly understand the purport of this scheme. If "Give plural of alderman." it means that mere graduation is to establish the "Alderman is a man that is older than a younger wage increase, we dissent. It matters little from man." what school or schools the teacher has graduated. Another intelligent applicant put forth the fol- The vital question is, Can he teach school ? An- lowing unique proposition : swer this question in the affirmative and whose "A cort-martial is some kind of a utenciel to use." business is it to dictate the salary scale on a gradua- Another, in referring to text books, said : " The tion basis ? There is many a state-certificate man uniformity text book is a good book to yuse. It who can teach all around a Ph. D. professor. As have large print and pretty pictures; therefore, i a general proposition it is safe to say that, other favor it." things being equal, the normal and college trained teacher has the advantage over one who has not THE ONE THING LACKING . completed both that is, at the start. The theory is good, but actual experience in the schoolroom The Chicago Record-Herald prints this story, re- must tell the story of one's competency, not his de- lated by a club woman : grees or diplomas. We are of the opinion that "My friend's colored cook went to a wedding a when Superintendent Pearse gets a good grip on few evenings ago. My friend had heard so much the Milwaukee school business some of the puerile about this wedding beforehand that she felt decided- antics of that school board will find a last resting ly curious. The morning after, she asked questions. place in the pigeon-hole of oblivion.-Wisconsin Rosalie, all delight and excitement, was only too Journal of Ed. glad to tell. [The real nub of the Pieplow resolution is not " It was de mos' gorgeous weddin' I ever see,' referred to in the above. It applies only to "male" she joyously related. 'De supper was jus' fine, an' teachers . (By the way, what is a "male" teacher ? ) de flowers ! Sure, Missy, I 'spected ter see de ole We shall be pleased to give space in this journal to sarpint crawlin' aroun', dat house was so gay wid blossoms. It sure looked laik de Garden ob Eden . any member of the Milwaukee School Board who will set forth for publication over his own signature De bride was jus' lubly, an' her dress were a picter ! one good reason why a man should receive more An' de cake an' de best man, an' de maid ob honor for teaching than a woman who does the same was all perfectly gran' !' work. ] "And was the groom perfectly grand, too ?" Rosa- lie's mistress inquired. " 'De groom, Missy!' was Rosalie's contemptuous SAMPLES OF IGNORANCE. answer, 'was de only t'ing dat spile dat fine weddin'. Would you believe it, Missy, dat mizable, onery, no- Then followed a number of questions asked ap- account nigger nebber showed up at all !' " plicants for certificates and the answers given. Here are a few samples quoted: CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION. "Name the bones of the lower extremities . " "Hips, furma and flanges." The regular meeting of the Chicago Teachers ' "Name the three vital organs.” Federation will be held at 412 Masonic Temple, De- "The head the trunk and the extremities. " cember 10, 1904, 10:30 a. m. "What juice aids digestion in the stomach ? " The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teachers ' "The spits." Federation will meet Monday, December 12, at 4 "Name a secretory organ and the excretory p. m. , in Room 437, Unity Bldg. FLORENCE E. TENNERRY, organs?" "The brain secreates and the tongue excreates ." Cor. Secretary. Then followed some questions in geography, the questions and answers being given. Here are samples: "What are the political divisions of North LOANS TO TEACHE BY A RS TEACHE R America?" At Live and Let Live Low Rates. "The Arctic Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of "First aid to the injured in pocket promptly rendered. " Mexico and Cambian Sea." "What is the position of Japan ?" L. A. , Care of Federation Bulletin, 437 Unity Building. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 7 PIANO BUYERS Find Strong Temptation -IN- December Sale -OF- The Manufacturers Annual Clearing at the Kimball Warerooms Means Much for Enrichment of the Home Life. Extraordinary piano buying continues at the Manufacturers' Warerooms, 243 Wabash Ave. , S. W. Corner Jackson Blvd. Besides being a powerful ap- peal to the money-saving motive, this sale includes many instruments of the highest type of the piano maker's art. Kimball Pianos are the product of a home factory. For years their praises have been sung by the world's masters in music. They are within reach of the purchaser of limited means, for they go directly from the great Kimball factories to the home. Unlimited resources of the producers enable them to give the purchaser possession of the instrument while making payment; hence the wisdom ofmany purchasers anticipating their wants by several months, for rarely do conditions bring such mighty inducements. FOR DECEMBER ONLY New Eastern Piano and Kimball Piano Player, regular price .......... $ 445 20 Rolls of Music, for operating the Player ..... ...... 20 Total .......... $ 465 Special Offer, complete . ... $275 Easy Payments if Desired. W. W. KIMBALL CO. (ESTABLISHED 1887) Southwest Corner Wabash Ave. and Jackson Blvd. 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CARSON PIRIE SCOTT & CO. STATE AND MADISON STREETS-Building formerly occupied by H. A. Selfridge & Co. , andby Schlesinger & Mayer. Telephone, Private Exchange, 2. " We Find Everything Here Far Beyond Expectation" That was the unvarying comment of visitors during our Autumn Opening. Such emphatic approval of what we have accomplished, after only two weeks in the new location, is our war- rant for repeating: We have the Facilities, the Merchandise and the Prices to make this the most satisfactory shopping place in Chicago. Every day, as the house organization settles into the new surroundings, brings improvement. THE BASEMENT STORE offers remarkable values everyday. New goods at very low prices, Broken lines from the old store at sharp reductions from closing out sale price there. Interesting New Silks and Velvets. THE Burlinghamsand Burlingham sacking rough silk suitings, the daintyWarp Print pompadoureffects and the broad tail velours, the warm rich colored mousseline and chiffon dress velvets, with the hundred or more other weaves, make an attractive collection that will repay a visit. Second Floor Imported Satin Messaline-sheer beautiful quality-a happy purchase of an importer's delayed shipment, enables us to offer 50 piece in a splendid assortment of colors, including white and ivory, at a sale price; a yard ... $1.00 Shirt Waist Suiting Silks-Special new designs MousselineBengalines-An imported silk and Plaid Taffetas-Clan colorings as well as the in the small faconne on checks; wool dress fabric and a fashion- modest French tones; leading val- we offer unusual values at $1 and.. 75c able one ; desirable; all colors, yard 85c ues-yard, 81.25. 81.00 and......... 85c Plain Louisines, Peau de Cygnes, Crepe de Chines, Taffetas-unequaled at 85c, 75c and 58c. BLACK SILKS VELVETS Weare generously proud of our new possession, the celebrated Moleskin, velour and broad tail velvets for cloaks at lowest "Moneybak," long wearing black dress silks. With the pur- prices. Mousseline chiffon silk velvets, new browns, chase ofeach dress you carry genuine silk insurance. $1.25 terra cotta, leather, $2.50, $2.00 and ... $1.50 Ayard, $2.00, $1.50 and.. Black paon and chiffon velvets from$1.00 85c black silk crepe de chines and taffetas, genuine bar- gains 68c $5.00 Odd lot of all silk Lyons velvets, $5.00 quality, good color assort- 75c imported black taffetas-special ment, many of the season's new shades, reduced 58c to.... $2.50 Box Hoisery Sale: Prices Lower Than Ever. Importations for H. G. Selfridge & Co. to Be Disposed Of. THATtellsthereasonwhyweare ina position to make this arecord-breaking boxhosiery sale. Thousands of dozens of pairs ordered abroad for, and stamped with name of H. G. Selfridge & Co, came to us when we parchased this business. It is all new, desirable merchandise. But we desire to have on our shelves only the Eiffel brand hosiery. Hence these prices. First floor. WOMEN'S HOSE. MEN'S HOSE. Reg.price, Perbox, Reg. price, Perbox, Reg.price, Per box, perpair. Sixpairs. perpair. Six pairs. perpair. Six pairs, 250 Black cotton double sole er 250 Black cotton, double sole, heel and toes.... $1.00 50c Black cotton, with linen spliceddouble sole, heels and split sole . $1.00 toes $2.15 350Black cotton double or split sole or white foot..... $ 1.25 350 Black lisle, fine gauge; black cotton, split sole or white foot... $1.35 75c Black cotton, brilliant mer- cerized black gauze lisle or 406 Black cotton fine gauze ...... $ 1.50 black cotton, extra heavy...... $2.50 50c Black cotton, double sole, 40c Black lisle or cotton, split sole and ribbed top...... $1.65 $1.00 Black brilliant lisle or hand seamed. $ 1.75 50cBlacklisle thread; very fine or black cotton.. $4.00 60c Fine Egyptian, black cotton, split sole or white feet ... $2.00 splitsole,blackcotton,very fine, $1.85 $1.25 Black ingrain lisle; four plain black fine cotton or $5.00 75cmercerized. outsize or ribbed tops....... thread or split sole... $2.50 Children's 35c linen knee hose, outwear all other kinds, 3 pairs for 75c. In the Basement Store: Women's plain black cotton, box of six pairs, 65c, 75c, $1, $1.15. Men's, 45c, 60с, 78с. Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin 100 Vol . IV. CHICAGO, DECEMBER 16, 1904. No. 4. TEACHERS' SALARIES . preparation made by his employes, yet it is the value of their work that determines their salaries . Though the members of a community emphasize From the Standpoint of the Teacher. the requirements which applicants for the position ELLA F. YOUNG . of teacher must meet, yet it is the actual work in (Extracts from an address delivered before North- the present that gives the rating. For people to hold in high esteem the equipment of the teachers ern Illinois State Teachers' Association. ) is an evidence of interest in their children and in In entering upon the consideration of this sub- the State. Practically, to define the young teacher ject, one is immediately confronted with two propo- in terms of the cultural and professional prepara- sitions that appear at first to bear upon the atti- tion is a way of indicating the necessary grade of tude of the teacher toward the question of salaries. attainments ; and on the other hand to show diplo- The first, stated badly, is this: The prerequisites mas, certificates and degrees, is all that the young for admission to the teaching corps have been great- teacher can do when seeking entrance into the edu- ly increased in the last few years. That increase cational field. But how different it is for teachers necessitates the expenditure of more time and to argue for better salaries for themselves because money in the preparation for teaching than former- of the time and money spent in acquiring the knowledge of the things that make for the welfare ly. Because of this increased expenditure, teach- of the individual, the home, and the State ! ers should receive larger salaries. The second prop- The teacher functions as a determining part of osition originates in a point of view not far removed the larger organization in which and for which from that which gives rise to the first. It runs in services are rendered in direct association with the future citizens-the future men and women. this way: Because teachers are obliged to spend Much has been said about the extreme delicacy money for books and attendance upon their insti- of the balances with which may be rationally tested tutes and associations, they should be better paid. the ethical and social increment resulting from the Both of these propositions assume the motive of life and work of the teacher. Without depreciating teachers in utilizing the means, which an advancing that attitude toward the manifest futility of attempt- civilization and a developing conception of educa- ing to make mathematical estimates of the influence tion offer, to be a sense of obligation to meet the re- one soul may exert specifically in the development of children between five and ten years of age, we quirements laid down by the state, not an interest in know that the influence of the teaching corps in things cultural and educational. They do not take the primary schools though not subject to measure- cognizance of what may be termed the teaching ment is not an x. The teaching corps functions as type of mind. That type counts as desirable all a conservative and as a constructive body in a ra- means by which it may strengthen itself as an ener- tional society. It aims to develop an intelligent at- titude of appreciation toward the worthy in the so- gizing element in society. It can not eliminate the cial heritage, and so acts as conservator of the good. idea of growth, continuous growth, from its con- It aims to help develop an intellectual and moral in- ception of the character of the teacher. dependence of the unworthy, so that slow but The rejection of the two propositions which have steady reform goes on in the industrial and political been stated does not deprive the teacher of a stand- life from generation to generation. To be directly point from which to discuss the question of salaries. concerned in the development of the attitude of a It merely. clears the subject of statements of ad- people toward its past and its future is to be respon- ventitious importance that befog the teacher's rea- sible in a large measure for the health, strength, and perpetuity of that people. soning in the matter. This work with the next generation of citizens It is in teaching, as in commerce, in manufactur- during the formative, the impressionable years of ing, and in every department of the world's work ; • their lives is the special function of the school. The teacher does not live in the academic world only. wages, salaries, are money equivalents for services with its reading and writing, its observations and rendered. Though the employer enlarges upon the calculations, its literature and science; nor, when 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. the manual training and home economics shall have PLEA FOR BETTER TEACHERS ' SALARIES . entered into their own, will the life of the teacher be circumscribed by the industries only. The BY REV. DR . R. S. HOLMES , teacher lives in a stimulating and at the same time an exhausting atmosphere. The daily effort to help Presbyterian Church, Pittsburg . from twenty to fifty children, to transmute their Good service steadily rendered should be the impulsive restlessness into self-control and power measure of the wage. Intrinsic value enters into that will make for righteousness, is a work that can the question as surely as it does into the question be well done by those only who are among the of the market value of stocks, and there is this strong of the earth. difference : there is no danger of over-capitalization The standpoint of the teacher from which the by a body of public school teachers who put a price question of salary is presented is an ethical one. upon their own worth, issue stock for it, and unload But the ethical standpoint is not that of inertia or it on a trusting and eager public. of maudlin sentimentality; it is the vantage point The public school teacher has a value and what from which we move toward the better in a world may be fairly called an intrinsic value, too. This of action; it is not fatalistic, striking terror to our factor in our educational life is for the most part a hearts by predicting a class struggle; it is invig- woman. For a large number of children between orating, urging the identification of the interests the age of six and thirteen years she is the only of the teacher with those of the home and the State. educational force that means uplift, purity, cleanli- If the ethics of a people have not developed to an ness, manners, morals, sobriety, and a desire for understanding of the vital relation of the teacher social elevation. For the moral rescue of many a to the life of society, then the teaching corps should girl she is absolutely indispensable. She is, when undertake in a serious, systematic way to enlighten the public ideal is met, a woman thoroughly trained, the public mind. We have long been familiar with intellectually keen, broad in outlook, strong in pur- the church militant. There is need of a school mili- pose, noble in character, and above all, physically tant moving upon the narrow prejudice and indif- equal to the strain of five or six hours a day, and ference to the general welfare that restrict the view sometimes more, in crowded, heated rooms , which of the people. It is not strange that men and in spite of scientific attempt at good ventilation are women busy with their special lines of work in the scarcely better than boxes of fetid, befouled air. A woman who is all this has intrinsic value. But industrial and professional spheres and in the intrinsic value is all she can call her own. She home, know little of the enlarged and enriched con- ception of education under which the teacher of has no safe deposit box, with coupon-bearing se- to-day works. The teachers themselves sometimes curities safely stored away. She has no income- fail of a broad and deep comprehension of its mean- bearing or bringing resources of stock, or bond, or ing. The industrial, the social future of this coun- mortgage, or real estate character. She is a woman try is involved in that conception. of intrinsic value, but without money. If she had money she would not teach. The teaching corps should have an intelligent sympathy and understanding of the principles and There are certain things required of her. She aims of all organized efforts for the solution of must dress decently or better. She must eat and problems of man's relation with his fellow man pay for it. She must have a proper, respectable, * in the world of industry. * * Its conception and approachable abiding place. She must not of education must be broad, clear and definitive. wear out her energy by performance of other work This can never include a teaching class the greater outside of school hours in order to increase her part of which is obliged to live from hand to mouth. income. Leaving school at from 3 to 4 o'clock in A good salary schedule for I or 2 per cent of the. the afternoon, she should have the time until 9 the teachers in a system of schools, a medium schedule next morning for resting her body and mind, for for twenty per cent, and for the remaining seventy- thinking out solutions of troublesome questions eight per cent, a schedule based upon the-small- which the day may have brought, and preparing for est-amount-possible, upon which an adult can be the duties of the next day. That is one of the most moderately well-dressed and fed, indicates the valu- arduous demands made upon a teacher in any grade ation of the children made by their parents and the of school. Arnold of Rugby said he could never guardians of the State. In such a community, the teach a lesson until he had gone over it afresh, no teacher must undertake the elevation of the ethics matter how many times he had already previously of the adults. That there are thousands of teachers taught it. But as a matter of fact there are a great means that there are millions of children. Are the many teachers in this city who are compelled to latter less valuable because of the millions ? No, sweep and cook and iron and sew and do other for the country continues its life in its children. parts of general domestic service before school Are the former less valuable because of the thou- hours in the morning, and after school hours at sands ? No, for the future of the children is deter- night, in order to supplement inadequate salaries mined in a large measure by the teachers. The in- and live out of debt. Take a single example of a terests of State and society are bound up with the teacher who receives in a ward school, say, $400 interests of the teacher. per year of forty weeks. On this sum she has to Not as humble petitioners at the door of the gov- live fifty-two weeks. If she pays $5 a week for room ernment, or of the home, should the teacher present and board, and who knows where a fit woman can the subject of salaries ; as an effective body inmain- find room and board for such price in this city? taining equilibrium and furthering progress in the If she pays $75 for suitable clothing, and what political and social whole should the teaching corps woman can dress as the teacher ought to be dressed present and argue its value to the individual and on such a sum in this city? If she pays one nickel the State. for car fare five days in the week for forty weeks, CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 3 and $ 10 for books, and $ 10 for dentistry and phy- the best teachers which pays the largest salaries- sicians' fees for the year; and what woman in the other things being equal. That means that a city teacher's position does or can buy these things for paying low prices must accept either inexperience this price? or mediocrity, unless it has exceptional advantages If she is religious (and if she is not, God pity to offer other than liberal salaries. * * * her work) and pays for pew sittings in church, and for gifts for God's work in the world $ 10 more ; The effects of the low maximum paid lower and allows for that unreckoned, unreckonable item, school teachers are disastrous and cumulatively so. incidentals, $ 10 more, she will have $15 left as the In the first place, it means now, as it long has result of a year's work, and not a penny allowed meant and will mean, that some of our best teach- to help toward a much needed change of air and place during the unemployed weeks of the summer ers are every year drafted away from our schools ; vacation; weeks for which the mortgaged money their places are usually filled with inexperienced has been laid aside to pay out dollar for dollar as teachers, who in turn are attracted elsewhere, if the steady demand for board and lodgings comes. they demonstrate their capacity. So far as the per- The illustration is not exaggerated. Any one can sonal and professional value of the teacher affects verify it any day. the efficiency of the schools, it must be seen that This ward school teacher holds the most im- that efficiency drops a few degrees every time this portant place in the system. She has the most process is repeated. Improvement in methods and pupils, the youngest and most difficult to secure re- industry on the part of principals and superin- sults from. It is from the grammar grades that tendents may accomplish something to compensate the largest numbers of pupils drop out because of the*injury, but it seldom can be fully compensated. * * inability of parents to carry them further. It is the ward schools that furnish the young street In any body, like that of a staff of teachers, the loafers, and impossible caddies of the golf links , efficiency of the whole will not rise above the and the brazen, hoyden girls that hate school, as standard set for it, and the standard is usually, in their parents say, because of the inefficiency of the the long run, set by those teachers who come in board teacher. from outside. In this way, the efficiency of the Here is the rule : Poorly paid teacher working teaching force tends, in the long run, to adjust it- poorly; city suffering from vagabond boys and girls self to the efficiency which we are able to secure turned out to find another sort of schooling among in competition in the open market. No matter the influences which swell the criminal classes. Four how able our own teachers may be, as a body they hundred per year of forty weeks is ten dollars per will not rise above the standard set for them. In week for twelve months, or when spread from other words, if you pay a teacher $60 you can usual- year's end to year's end it is $7.66 a week ; and is ly get a $60 teacher. If you pay her but * $45,* she * less than the average family pa pays weekly for its one will do $45 worth of work and no more. maid for general housework. -Journal of Education. This is a plea for better pay for the teachers of city schools. Six years' experience ought to give ATTACK SCHOOL JANITOR SYSTEM . a teacher in the ward school, if she starts with $400, at least $900 per year from that time on. The present system of janitor and engineer serv- Other cities have set us recently a good example. ice at the public schools was declared a disgrace It is the hour for aggressive, progressive cities to by members of the school management committee recognize the work of the splendid women who are at the meeting last week. Rev. R. A. White spoke serving her in her public schools. Journal of Ed- emphatically in favor of revolutionizing the whole ucation. system and Trustee Dudley denounced conditions RECRUITMENT OF THE TEACHING FORCE. as disgraceful. The matter was brought up by Mrs. Keough, who announced that janitors em- BY STATE SUPERINTENDENT H. C. MORRISON. ployed children under 14 years old and paid them New Hampshire. $1.50 a month to do the cleaning in the schools. This is by far the most important problem con- All the members of the committee agreed that the nected with the administration of the public school matter was one of great importance, but as the system. It is not simply the question of employing subject is properly one for the buildings and a new workman to fill the place vacated by one grounds committee, Mrs. Keough was appointed who has left, but it is necessary to choose with as a delegate to lay the facts before that committee such discrimination of personal qualities, profes- and urge action.-Record-Herald. sional equipment and natural aptitude that the new shall be a little better fitted for the place than the Dr. Franklin S. Edmunds of the Central high old. Otherwise the system will slowly but surely school, Philadelphia, the skillful leader of the great deteriorate. organized effort by which the salaries of all the It is along this line that conditions similar to teachers were raised last winter, has resigned and entered upon the practice of law, in which success those of commercial competition come in. In the is already assured. He has the best of the lawyer's open market of the profession, if that expression tastes and talents, and has prepared himself thor- may be condoned, that city or institution secures oughly for the profession. 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION TEACHER'S MEETINGS . BULLETIN Prin . R. L. Barton, St. Louis, Mo. * * * * * * * Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, Teachers should read educational works from Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, December 23, 1901. choice and not because the superintendent or board THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the of education cracks the whip and says "you must. " * * * * * * * year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of April and December, by the Chicago Teachers' Federation. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single copies, Five Cents. Has anyone received a practical insight and work- ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received ing power from his teachers' meeting work in psy- byTuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. chology or pedagogy ? I fear not. Such work has ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to the order of the Federation Bulletin. been most like the subtle discussions of the school- THE EDITOR , men in which it was sought to find out how many 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO . thousand angels could at one time dance on the Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5p. m . Phone Central 8904. point of a cambric needle. I have no desire to be- little the value of a proper study of these valuable sciences ; but they are a dead weight in most cases This issue of The Bulletin is devoted especially to the proper inspiration of teachers' meet- to the question of teachers' salaries. Other issues ings. will contain more on this subject, and also on pen- * * * * * * * sions and tenure of office and other provisions, Another kind of work, much in vogue in some which are of especial interest to teachers, and dis- places, is the reading of formal papers or essays. cussion of which is timely because of the possibility But these seldom quicken the thought to the point of a new charter for Chicago. of improved activity; on the other hand, whatever the conditions of the teachers with reference to life Those who join an organization with the expecta- and enthusiasm, paper readings will seldom fail to tion of having their wages immediately increased, beget dead formalism; it will fail to add to the zeal, or their wrongs righted at once, or that they will the growth, or any other good educational quality at once receive large dividends on the amount in- which the body of teachers may start in possessed vested, are not the desirable members, nor the ones of. An occasional lecture may be an inspiration ; it must, however, either contain merit or come from upon whom the order can depend for its ultimate one whose educational standing and reputation are success. Railway Clerk. such as to gild his commonplaces. Frequent per- formances of this kind are worse than a waste of THE NEW CHARTER AND THE SCHOOLS . time. Lectures from eminent educators may very justly form the condiment of teachers' meetings ; The Chicago Record-Herald of Dec. 14 contains they can never become the educational food needed this news item : in a system of schools. Legislation for Chicago's public schools is to be Every corps of teachers possesses within itself recommended by a special charter committee of the the elements of success. A body of teachers may be Board of Education, which held its first meeting inert, passive, machine drivers, anything most inap- yesterday afternoon in the office of President Clay- propriate to the proper spirit of teaching, and yet with abundant living force in the leader the case is ton Mark. The members voted to co-operate with not hopeless. There is always a nucleus which pos- the several teachers' organizations that are work- sesses vitality, which can be used to some good pur- ing to the same end. The wish was expressed that pose, which will assist in the uplift. It is possible, these bodies authorize representatives to appear be- by injudicious criticism, to crush and mangle the fore the board committee and make suggestions . victim past revival. A little judicious fanning is needed often to keep alive the sparks of interest and The session was executive, and there were pres- independence. ent President Mark and Trustees R. A. White, P. Shelly O'Ryan, Ole Thorpe and Superintendent Free discussion, talks with or without notes, Cooley. Frank M. Sargent, director of normal should be encouraged. This will lift the meetings school extension work, was appointed secretary and from the plane, of perfunctory performance. The was instructed to obtain data on school laws from discussions may not involve the higher principles of all the principal cities in the country. educational criticism, but they should involve the practical consideration of questions of present and pressing importance, lighted up by the highest edu- NEW HONOR FOR MISS ADDAMS. cational theories of which the participants are masters . Care must be taken that fuel be at hand, First Woman Invited to Deliver Convocation Address in the way of questions for consideration, to feed at University. whatever flame of interest the discussions may ignite. Miss Jane Addams of Hull House will deliver The length of teachers' meetings depends upon the convocation address to the winter graduating the amount of work that is needed to be done. One class of the University of Chicago Dec. 20. Miss hour of interest and activity is better than several Addams is the first woman ever invited by the uni- hours spent without these prime requisites. The versity authorities to act as convocation orator. leader should have courage to dismiss the meeting She will speak on " Modern Immigration, a Field when he finds that no one is being profited.-West- Neglected by the Scholar. " ern Teacher, November. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 5 PRIDE AND SIMPLICITY. cises power is humility. Haughtiness is not author- ity. It is not we who are the law; the law is over BY CHARLES WAGNER. our heads. We only interpret it, but to make it valid in the eyes of others, we must first be sub- [President Roosevelt's remarkable speech in in- ject to it ourselves . To command and to obey in troducing Mr. Wagner to the Washington audience the society of men, are after all but two forms of which he addressed recently, and the president's the same virtue-voluntary servitude. If you are oft-repeated wish that Mr. Wagner's book, "The not obeyed, it is generally because you have not Simple Life," might find not only readers in every yourself obeyed first. home, but imitators of the simple life portrayed in The secret of moral ascendency rests with those its pages, have directed to this book the attention which its intrinsic merit, though deserved, would who rule with simplicity. They soften by the spirit hardly have attained for it so promptly and easily. the hardness of the fact. Their authority is not in -Editor.] shoulder- straps, titles or disciplinary measures. They make use of neither ferule nor threats, yet (From " The Simple Life." ) they achieve everything. Why ? Because we feel More dangerous than pride inspired by wealth is that they are themselves ready for everything. That that inspired by power, and I mean by the word which confers upon a man the right to demand of every prerogative that one man has over another, another the sacrifice of his time, his money, his be it unlimited or restricted. I see no means of passion, even his life, is not only that he is resolved preventing existence in the world of men of unequal upon all these sacrifices himself, but that he has authority. Every organism supposes a hierarchy of made them in advance. In the command of a man powers-we shall never escape from that law. But animated by this spirit of renunciation, there is a I fear that if the love of power is so widespread, mysterious force which communicates itself to him the spirit of power is almost impossible to find. who is to obey, and helps him do his duty. From wrong understanding and misuse of it, those In all the provinces of human activity there are who keep even a fraction of authority almost every- chiefs who inspire, strengthen, magnetize their sol- where succeed in compromising it. diers ; under their direction the troops do prodigies. Power exercises a great influence over him who With them one feels himself capable of any effort, holds it. A head must be very well balanced not ready to go through fire, as the saying has it ; and to be disturbed by it. The sort of dementia which if he goes it is with enthusiasm. took possession of the Roman emperors in the time of their world-wide rule, is a universal malady MILITARISM . whose symptoms belong to all times. In every man there sleeps a tyrant, awaiting only a favorable oc- Five years of penal servitude was the sentence casion for waking. Now the tyrant is the worst imposed last week by a court martial of the German enemy of authority, because he furnishes us its in- army, at Berlin, upon two private soldiers found tolerable caricature, whence comes a multitude of guilty of having disarmed a drunken corporal who social complications, collisions and hatreds. Every in a public place swung his sword violently in a man who says to those dependent on him : "Do crowd and directly assaulted two young women this because it is my will and pleasure," does ill. with whom the soldiers were dancing. The same There is within each one of us something that in- court martial sentenced the corporal to three vites us to resist personal power, and this some- months' imprisonment. In the case of the privates thing is very respectable. For at bottom we are the prosecutor is reported to have said : " The Ger- equal, and there is no one who has the right to man military law does not know of self-defense exact obedience from me because he is he and I am against a superior. A military subordinate must I; if he does so, his command degrades me, and silently allow himself to be killed. The only way I have no right to suffer myself to be degraded. of reparation is subsequent complaint. "-The Pub- lic. One must have lived in schools, in work-shops, in the army, in Government offices, must have closely followed the relations between masters and I find three classes of men who are not willing servants, have observed a little everywhere where that women should have political equality. First, the supremacy of man exercises itself over man, to the fossilized and crystallized class, who cry out form any idea of the injury done by those who against any change in church or state ; the man who use power arrogantly. Of every free soul they is "the same yesterday, to-day and forever." Sec- make a slave soul, which is to say the soul of a ond, the man of colossal conceit, who thinks a wom- rebel. And it appears that this result, which is an's brain was cut on the bias, and his own on the social disaster, is most certain when he who com- straight. Third, the very young man, who is learn- mands is least removed from the station of him ing to smoke his first cigar. -Kate F. O'Connor. who obeys. The most implacable tyrant is the ty- rant himself under authority. Foremen and over- CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION. seers put more violence into their dealings than The regular meeting of the Chicago Teachers ' superintendents and employers. The corporal is Federation will be held at 412 Masonic Temple, generally harsher than the colonel. In certain fam- January 14, 1905, 10:30 a. m. ilies where madam has not much more education than her maid the relations between them are those The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teachers ' of the convict and his warder. And woe every- Federation will meet Monday, January 16, at 4 where to him who falls into the hands of a subal- p. m. , in Room 437, Unity Bldg . tern drunk with his authority ! FLORENCE E. TENNERRY, We forget that the first duty of him who exer- Cor. Secretary. 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . SOCIOLOGY-WOMAN SUFFRAGE , form should find their point of view a distinct con- tribution. The Illinois Federation of Women's Clubs has given its annual endorsement to the woman suffrage The attitude of the club on the question of woman bill. It also proposes admitting clubs whose chief suffrage is more difficult to understand, and more purpose is sociological, and therefore the Rockford discouraging to contemplate. As an individual, it Women's club is in distress. A circular letter has is implied, with no power directly to secure the bal- been issued in which each member is asked to state, lot, a woman may believe in universal franchise. As a club woman she should use her influence over her signature, whether as a club woman, not as an individual, she is willing to support woman against it. The assumption that as an individual suffrage ; whether she is in favor of admitting to she believes in the justice of woman suffrage attests the educative influence which has been the inevitable the state federation societies whose purpose is socio- logical ; and finally whether in her judgment it is fruit of fifty years of intelligent agitation. But the duty of her club to dissent from the action of the slightness of this result as compared with the the State Federation on these points. intellectual labor which produced it is small indeed. As in the attitude of the Rockford club toward the The word sociological was substituted for the word philanthropic at the recent session of the State study of sociology, this divided assent to the claims Federation. Philanthropic gave no offense. Socio- of woman suffrage shows an incompleteness of logical is construed to mean danger. A parenthesis mental grasp which, however little it may affect the in the circular letter explains the danger; the term justice of the question, is indeed the strongest argu- may be made, it is said, to include "trade unions, ment against the expediency of woman suffrage. The purpose of the Rockford Women's club is labor organizations and kindred societies." defined in its constitution to be "social, civic and In view of the fact that labor unions are organ- philanthropic. " Unless social is to be construed in ized for self-protection and mutual aid, not for the sense of the " society column," unless civics and sociological study, and that the admission of any philanthropy be matters merely for afternoon diver- club to the State Federation is subject to the ap- sion, the club in dissenting from the action of the proval of a board of managers elected by the body, State Federation should revise its own constitution. the action of the Rockford club signifies not only -Rockford Register-Gazette, Nov. 19, 1904. mistrust of the chosen officers of a body with which it is affiliated, but a lack of grasp upon the deeper AGREES MILLIONS ARE IN WANT. issues which occupy the minds of thoughtful men Dr. Hirsch Likes a Writer's Suggestion of German and women of the present day and possibly a ten- Pension Plan . dency to accept newspaper headlines as the last word upon a subject of more than superficial im- "Mr. Hunter's statements are not surprising to one who has studied the economic conditions of this portance. There is a certain helplessness shown in the disposition to "hedge" on questions of this char- country," said Dr. Emil G. Hirsch, in commenting acter. Philanthropy is the effort to meet conditions on the statistics given in Robert Hunter's recently of poverty and crime ; sociology is the study of the published book, " Poverty," which shows that 10,- causes which produce and the agencies which rem- 000,000 of the American population are in want. edy such conditions. In substituting one word for "Mr. Hunter's suggestion of the German pension the other, the federated women of Illinois have sig- system as a possible means of remedying the situa- nified their attitude toward the evils of society to be tion is a good one," continued Dr. Hirsch. " I have an intelligent, not a superficial one. Rockford itself been preaching that very thing from my pulpit for has produced at least one woman whose name stands some years. But it probably would be impossible for social service in the highest sense and whose to get a law similar to that enacted in this country. contribution to the sociological science of the day is "The situation is, therefore, very largely in the the fruit of that larger intelligence which does not hands of the labor unions, which already have done fail or hesitate before the profounder and more seri- much to reduce poverty by forcing legislation where ous issues . Do her associates in the Rockford the philanthropy of the rich has failed. With the Women's club imagine that the work of Miss Julia workmen as thoroughly disciplined as they are now Lathrop and the other men and women whose ser- the unions might take steps to have such a pension vice to society will be remembered when the dilet- fund established, to which both employers and em- tantisms of philanthropy, diluted with pink tea, have ployes should contribute. They could accomplish this end without the aid of a law. " been rejected by society itself, that such work is possible of accomplishment without the intelligent FEW UNION MEN ASK AID . support of the best elements in every community ? And when the 25,000 club women of Illinois have Few applications for aid from members of labor reached the point at which they are ready to fur- unions are received at the Chicago Bureau of Char- nish this intelligent support, shall the women of a ities, according to General Superintendent Ernest progressive town stand alone in puny opposition ? P. Bicknell, who recently entered into an arrange- If the question of admitting a trade union as such ment with the Chicago Employers' Association to to the State Federation arises, the Rockford club send men in need of work to the employment will not stand alone in opposition. The admission bureau operated by the association . of a trade union to any but a central body of labor "The unions as a rule take care of their mem- is an event without precedent. The women of bers, " said Superintendent Bicknell, "and we re- labor unions have little leisure for the matters which ceive few applications for assistance from such occupy most of the sessions of the State Federation. men. In addition, members of labor unions are But if they find time to organize independently of generally competent workmen in their various lines, their unions into clubs whose purpose is sociological, and are superior to many of the applicants who ask any body which contemplates social service in any us for aid. "-Chicago Record-Herald, CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 7 PIANO BUYERS Find Strong Temptation -IN- December Sale -OF- The Manufacturers Annual Clearing at the Kimball Warerooms Means Much for Enrichment of the Home Life. Extraordinary piano buying continues at the Manufacturers' Warerooms, 243 Wabash Ave. , S. W. Corner Jackson Blvd. Besides being a powerful ap- peal to the money-saving motive, this sale includes many instruments of the highest type of the piano maker's art. Kimball Pianos are the product of a home factory. For years their praises have been sung by the world's masters in music. They are within reach of the purchaser of limited means, for they go directly from the great Kimball factories to the home. Unlimited resources of the producers enable them to give the purchaser possession of the instrument while making payment; hence the wisdom ofmany purchasers anticipating their wants by several months, for rarely do conditions bring such mighty inducements. FOR DECEMBER ONLY New Eastern Plano and Kimball Piano Player, regular price .............. .. $ 445 20 Rolls of Music, for operating the Player ...... ........... 20 Total ........ ........ .. ...... $ 465 Special Offer, complete . ... $275 Easy Payments if Desired. W. W. KIMBALL CO. (ESTABLISHED 1887) Southwest Corner Wabash Ave. and Jackson Blvd. 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . CARSON PIRIE SCOTT & CO. STATE AND MADISON STREETS—Building formerly occupied by H. Q. Selfridge & Co., andby Schlesinger & Mayer. Telephone, PrivateExchange, 2. " We Find Everything Here Far Beyond Expectation" That was the unvarying comment of visitors during our Autumn Opening. Such emphatic approval of what we have accomplished, after only two weeks in the new location, is our war- rant for repeating: We have the Facilities, the Merchandise and the Prices to make this the most satisfactory shopping place in Chicago. Every day, as the house organization settles into the new surroundings, brings improvement. THE BASEMENT STORE offers remarkable values every day. New goods at very low prices, Broken lines from the old store at sharp reductions from closing out sale price there. Interesting New Silks and Velvets. THE Burlingham and Burlingham sacking rough silk suitings, the dainty Warp Printpompadoureffects and the broad tail velours, the warm rich colored mousseline and chiffon dress velvets, with the hundred or more other weaves, make an attractive collection that will repay a visit. Second Floor Imported Satin Messaline-sheer beautiful quality-ahappy purchase of an importer's delayed shipment, enables us to offer 50 piece in a splendid assortment of colors, including white and ivory, at a sale price; a yard...... $1.00 Shirt Waist Sulting Silks-Special new designs Mousseline Bengalines-An imported silk and Plaid Taffetas-Clan colorings as well as the wool dress fabric and a fashion- modest French tones; leading val- we offer unusual values at $1 and.. able one; desirable; all colors , yard 85c ues-yard, 81.25. 81.00 and.. 85c Plain Louisines, Peau de Cygnes, Crepe de Chines, Taffetas-unequaled at 85c, 75c and 58c. BLACK SILKS VELVETS We are generously proud of our new possession, the celebrated Moleskin, velour and broad tail velvets for cloaks at lowest "Moneybak." long wearing black dress silks. With the pur- prices. Mousseline chiffon silk velvets, new browns, chaseofeach dress you carry genuine silk insurance. $1.25 Ayard, 82.00, $1.50 and.. terra cotta, leather, $2.50, $2.00 and ...... $1.50 Black paon and chiffon velvets from$1.00 85c black silk crepe de chines and taffetas, genuine bar- 68c $5.00 gains Odd lot of all silk Lyons velvets, 85.00 quality, good color assort- 75c imported black taffetas-special ment, many of the season's new shades, reduced .... 58c to ..... $2.50 Box Hoisery Sale: Prices Lower Than Ever. Importations for H. G. Selfridge & Co. to Be Disposed Of. THAT tells the reasonwhyweare ina position to make this arecord-breakingboxhosierysale. Thousands ofdozens of pairs ordered abroad for, and stamped with name of H. G. Selfridge & Co. came to us when we parchased this business. It is all new, desirable merchandise. But we desire to have on our shelves only the Eiffel brand hosiery. Hence these prices. Firstfloor. WOMEN'S HOSE. MEN'S HOSE. Reg.price, Perbox, Reg. price, Perbox, Reg.price, Per box, perpair. Sixpairs. por pair. Six pairs. perpair. Six pairs, 25c Black cotton double sole er 250 Black cotton, double sole, heel and toes .............. $1.00 50c Black cotton, with linen spliced double sole, heels and splitsole. $1.00 toes. $2.15 35c Black cotton double or split $ 1.25 sole or white foot ... 350Black lisle, fine gauge; black cotton, split sole or white foot... $1.35 75c Black cotton, brilliant mer- $2.50 cerized black gauze lisle or 400 Black cotton fine gauze... $ 1.50 black cotton, extra heavy ...... 50c Black cotton, double sole, 40c Black lisle or cotton, split sole and ribbed top...... $1.65 $1.00 Black brilliant lisle or $4.00 hand seamed... $ 1.75 black cotton... 60cFine Egyptian, black cotton, $2.00 split sole or white feet ...... 50cBlack lisle thread; very fine or splitsole, black cotton,very fine,$1.85 $1.25 Black ingrain lisle; four 75c plain black fine cotton or outsize or ribbed tops....... thread or split sole... $5.00 mercerized. $2.50 Children's 35c linen knee hose, outwear all other kinds, 3 pairs for 75c. In the Basement Store: Women's plain black cotton, box of six pairs, 65c, 75c, $1, $1.15. Men's, 45c, 60c, 78c. Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin 100 Vol. IV. CHICAGO , DECEMBER 23, 1904. No. 5. SALARY SCHEDULE, SALARY FUND, TEN- salary for women after sixteen years of service in URE, PROMOTION AND PENSIONS the first six grades is $1,240.00. In the seventh and IN NEW YORK CITY. eighth grades $1,320.00, except in the graduating By Wm. H. Maxwell, Superintendent of Schools, class of latter half of the eighth grade, in which New York. the salary of women is $1,440.00 per annum. For men the minimum salary after ten years of serv- (Extracts from address before Conference on ice is $2,160.00 per annum, and for a teacher of a Teachers' Salaries, Philadelphia, May 7, 1903.) * * graduating class, $2,400.00 per annum. That is * * the minimum fixed by law-by a law passed by the Under the general head of adequate remuneration legislature of the state of New York-and there is I include three chief items : first, permanent ten- an increase of salary each year, except under one ure of office during efficiency; second, a living wage, condition, of which I shall speak presently.. increasing with age and experience; and, third, a Women principals of elementary schools begin at pension when age and infirmity render the teacher $1,750.00 and reach a maximum of $2,500.00 after no longer able to perform active service. four years of service. The men principals begin at All of these conditions, we have attained in New $2,750.00 and after four years of service reach a York. Permanent tenure of office during efficiency maximum of $3,500.00. In the High Schools and after a probationary period of three years is our rule. Training Schools women teachers begin at $ 1,100.00 The argument against this rule is, that, by appoint- per annum and go to $1,900.00 per annum, except ing teachers for a specified time, or one year, and in the case of first-assistants or heads of depart- appointing from year to year, as is the custom in ment, who go to $2,500.00. Men teachers in the most places in the United States, I am sorry to say, High Schools begin at $1,300.00 and go to $2,400.00, it is easy to get rid of inefficient or superannuated except in the case of first-assistants or heads of teachers. Theoretically this is doubtless true, and department, who go to $3,000.00 per annum. In in some places it may be potent practice. I have all cases there is a regular yearly rate of increase. not observed, however, that those communities in It may not be out of place to say that this law which appointments are made for a specified time when originally passed in the year 1900 was op- are more successful in getting rid of inefficient posed by the Mayor of the City of New York, by teachers than we are in New York. I am quite the Common Council, by the Board of Estimate sure that any advantage in this respect possessed by and Apportionment, by the Corporation Counsel, the temporary appointment plan is far more than by the entire Board of Education of Greater New counterbalanced by the unrest-the nervous terror York, and all the borough School Boards and it constantly hanging over teachers whose living is was passed, largely, and this is the important thing never secure beyond a few months. Freedom from for you to remember through the organized efforts anxiety is an essential condition of the teacher's of the class teachers. They made it known that doing her best work. politics had no longer anything to do with appoint- I was much interested in reading, as I traveled ment or promotion. Hence they commanded the to your city, Mr. Carnegie's great address to the support of the common people of the City of New York who are, as far as I could learn, unanimous ironmasters of England, in which one of the points in favoring this measure. It was opposed, as I that he made so forcibly was the absolute necessity, said, by the united efforts of the entire city govern- if workmen engaged in the steel and iron industries ment. The last great struggle took place after the are to do their best work, of having their minds bill had been vetoed by the Mayor, because the free from anxiety regarding the future. Now, if it Mayor of the city has a right to veto any local be true, and Andrew Carnegie knows if it be true, measure after it has been passed by the legislature. that men who are working in iron and steel, to do After the measure had been passed again by the their best work need to have their minds free from legislature by a two-thirds vote in each house over anxiety regarding the material things of this life, the Mayor's veto, the last great struggle was made how much more true is it of you workers in that before the Governor, and there the city government most delicate and complex piece of machinery of put forth all its efforts to defeat the bill and to which we know the mind of a little child. induce the Governor to veto it. The Governor, As to a living wage, the so-called Davis law now however, signed the bill. He is now the President , embodied in the New York City charter, fixes a of the United States. minimum for women teachers of $600.00 per an- num ; and a minimum for men teachers in elemen- It may be objected that this increase at regular tary schools of $900.00 per annum. The minimum. rate per year with security of tenure does not tend: 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . to promote efficiency. That was one of the argu- courses in Columbia University, in the New York ments against the Davis law. In other words, it University, in Harvard University, in the summer was argued that when the teacher knows her posi- time, or who are pursuing courses in classes organ- tion is secure and an increase of salary certain, ized by the teachers themselves. I have been de- she will become careless as to the manner in which lighted to find that the number within two years has she performs her work. This contingency, how- increased fully ten times over what it was before, ever, which I think is not likely to occur very often, showing that the teachers of New York City are has been amply taken care of in the law, which in proving themselves grateful for what has been done the first place provides a probationary period of for them by the state and the city and that, they three years, during which a teacher may be removed are endeavoring, to the best of their abilities, to in case of inefficiency, by the City Superintendent make themselves worthy of the remuneration they receive. alone, and, in the second place, provides that no teacher shall advance beyond the seventh year's But the supreme argument, friends, in favor of salary nor again beyond the twelfth year's salary paying such salaries, is that it is only when teachers unless her work is approved as fit and meritorious lead the lives of cultured ladies and gentlemen that by a formal vote of the Board of Superintendents. they do their best work for this nation. "But, to Now, I am happy to say, ladies and gentlemen- pay such salaries," I hear some objector replying, and I speak here while the matter is fresh in my "will make public education far too expensive." In memory, because yesterday afternoon the Board of the words of Horace Mann, I answer, "Education Superintendents in New York met to pass upon is never expensive; it is worth far more than was the fulness and merit of nearly 400 teachers whose ever paid for it. Every educated citizen is a treas- services had been very carefully investigated, and ure to a nation, far more valuable than a heap of upon whose work reports had been received from. gold or diamonds. Education is strength ; ignor- the Principals and from the District Superinten- ance is weakness ." dents, and I am happy to say, I repeat, that the Now there is another feature of the New York Board of Superintendents was obliged to refuse its law upon which I wish to dwell for a moment and approval in not more than three per cent. of all which I regard as far more important than the leg- those cases. The New York City teacher also may islature fixing teachers' salaries of which I have be removed at any time if the charge of inefficiency, spoken. Here in Philadelphia your Board of Edu- neglect of duty, or gross misconduct is proved cation, I am quite sure from what I have seen and before the Committee of the Board of Education . what I have heard, knows that the teachers of this The teachers in New York have their continuous city are not properly paid. A number of your Board office protected by law; and after the probationary would be delighted to raise salaries all around. Of period, a teacher can be removed only upon such that I am quite sure. They cannot do it. They evidence as would convict in a court of law. It cannot do it because councils will not give them will thus be seen that there is ample provision in the money. Now it used to be so in New York the law against the encouragement of the inefficient. also. We could not get the money to place teach- The salaries I have described, while they are ers' salaries on a proper basis from the local au- higher than those paid to the teachers of any other thorities. If we asked more money, they told us, city of the country, are, in my judgment, very far "O, stop teaching drawing in the schools ; that is from being excessive. The average salary paid to one of those ornamental fringes that we don't need. the class teachers of New York is not yet as high Stop this manual training nonsense that you have ; as the average salary paid to the policemen of New get rid of these Kindergartens-play schools-fool York. Surely, when the work of the Public School things-we had nothing of that sort when we went is taken into account that work of which I have to school. If you do all that you will have plenty already spoken-the preservation of republican insti- of money to run your schools." tutions, the creation of equal opportunities for all, Now, the great problem, friends, here is how to the assimilation of foreigners, the increase of the pay the teachers who are in the ranks, who are in productive capacity of the people through the the schools-proper salaries, and yet to have enough general increase of intelligence-surely, when the money to do all the things we ought to do in public paramount importance of this work is considered, schools and to extend the system in any direction it will not be contended that the teachers of our that it is found necessary to extend it. Well, being children should be paid less than those who hunt in the service for some nearly twenty years, I came our criminals . to the conclusion that if we had to depend upon the I do not argue for luxury and wealth for our whims and caprices of the local authorities we would teachers ; on the contrary I believe that those who never get the money that was required either to pay have devoted themselves to the holy calling of the teachers the salaries they earned or to extend the training the young, should bid farewell to all ambi- system as it needed to be extended. tion for luxury and wealth. Their part in life is To give you an illustration : I remember once plain living and high thinking. What I do argue some years ago when I was Superintendent of for, however, is such a salary as will enable the Schools in the City of Brooklyn, the Board of Esti- teacher with reasonable economy to enter intellec- mate and Apportionment which granted us money tual society ; to buy books ; to travel occasionally ; to or not as it pleased, was to hold a meeting on a dress tastefully; to take advantage of all proper particular day to consider the educational budget. opportunities for self-improvement ; in short, to The President of the Board of Education was, un- lead, but in a perfectly modest way, the life of a fortunately, detained; it was his business to present cultured lady or gentleman. the budget to the Board of Estimate and Apportion- I have been very much interested to notice, since ment and argue in favor of the items set forth. He these salaries have been paid in New York, the was, unfortunately, detained and at the last moment number of New York City teachers who are taking he telegraphed to me that I must go and represent CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 3 him before the Board. I went and I had a very bad depend upon the caprices of the local authorities. I half hour. There were several things that we were want the law behind it that says, "Because the inter- asking which the learned gentlemen in the Board ests of these public schools are paramount to every- of Estimates and Apportionments did not approve. thing else; and because the education of the chil- I remember particularly that up to that time we had dren of this nation is more important than any other never been able to get a laboratory for our Boys' interest in this nation or in this state, therefore there should be so much money raised and held sacred to High School and there was an item in the budget this cause of education." of $2,500.00 for this purpose. To-day we would Now, it is not merely the teachers that are pro- consider it a very small item for the beginning of tected by this provision. The school system as a a laboratory of science. I well remember when we whole is protected, because the Board of Education came to that item the Comptroller of the city-the knows precisely what it can depend upon from year man who holds the purse-strings-rose in his place to year. It knows in New York City that assess- and striking the table with his clinched fist, said : ments are going to be increased by a certain rate "As long as I have a seat in this Board I will never and that there will be such an increase of school vote a dollar to teach such a thing as science to the funds every year. The plan works automatically children of the public schools." and, therefore, the Board of Education is enabled to After many experiences of just that kind, I came lay its plans for the future, knowing full well that to the conclusion that we could not depend upon get- the money will always be provided. Nothing has ting a sufficient amount of money from different done more to take the schools out of politics than administrations. Some administrations are very lib- this very enactment ; because no Mayor, no Common eral; some cut us down to the lowest possible notch Council, no Board of Estimates and Apportionments -we could not get the necessary amount of money can now attempt to make any capital either by cut- every year from the local authorities. Just after I ting down the expenses of the schools or by increas- became Superintendent of Schools for the Greater ing them. New York, I was invited to discuss educational mat- One more item coming under this matter of the ters one evening before a mass meeting held in teacher's material condition must be considered-the that great forum of public opinion in New York, pensions. The pension law started in two ways : in Cooper Union. As well as I could, I tried to set one form in the old City of Brooklyn, now the Bor- forth my theory regarding educational moneys. This ough of Brooklyn, and in another form in the old theory was, and is, that the Legislature of the State City of New York. In the old City of Brooklyn -the State, mind you, as the educational unit of there was passed a law authorizing the Board of which the local authorities are only the agent in Education to take one per cent from the salary of education, because it is to the state as a whole that every teacher in the city to form a pension fund. the education of the children is committed, must step This plan was in force up to about a year and a in and say to the city, "For purely educational pur- half ago, when the closer union of boroughs oc- poses; that is, chiefly for paying teachers' salaries, curred under the revised version of the charter. In but for purely educational purposes, there must be the old City of New York a pension fund was first a certain tax levied." Now, before I made this ad- provided by taking from teachers' salaries so much dress in Cooper Union I carefully made up a state- for each day of absence. This money was turned ment of the amount of money raised for educational into a fund for the pensioning of teachers. It was purposes in the cities of New York and Brooklyn found to be insufficient, as was also the Brooklyn for the preceding ten years. I found the amount method. It therefore was enacted by the Legisla- and the number of mills on the dollar of the assessed ture that five per cent of all the excise money col- valuation of real and personal property for each year lected in the city be turned into the pension fund. it represented and I reached the conclusion that on Up to this year that five per cent of the excise money the existing basis of assessing property in New collected within the bounds of the City of New York York, we needed, in order to pay to teachers proper has amounted to a little more than a quarter of a salaries and to extend the system as the system re- million of dollars a year. This year, under the new quired extension-we needed a school tax-mind excise law, it will amount to nearly $271,000.00. you, this does not include buildings-does not go to Our present pension roll in New York City paid to the material side of the school work at all-we need- old teachers who have retired from active service- ed a tax of 4 mills on the dollar of the assessed and none of them gets less than $600.00 a year, value of all the real and personal property in the amounts to $420,000.00 a year. It is worth a great city of New York. I made the best argument I deal more than that. In the first place, it makes it could for that proposition. There happened to be possible when a teacher has become, through old age, in the audience a Senator of New York state who unable to work any longer or unable to perform ef- was very much impressed by the argument-Senator ficient service, to take that teacher out of the school John Ford. Senator Ford took occasion to talk without turning her out, like an old horse, to grass. with me on the matter, though I had never met him She goes out honorably and with a competence for before ; and he immediately introduced a bill into the old age after having rendered twenty, forty, or, in Legislature to put into effect what I had proposed. some cases, fifty years of good, faithful, efficient That bill was defeated that year; he introduced service to the city. In the second place, the effect upon all the teach- it the next year and it was defeated the next year ; ers is good, because every teacher in New York City but the third year along with these other provisions who is reasonably efficient is relieved from that most about teachers' salaries it was enacted. Now I dreadful of all anxieties of human life, the anxiety would not give you very much for a schedule of sal- regarding provision for old age. Relief from anx- aries that may be made up by the best Board of (Continued on page 6.) Education in this or any other city if it has got to 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION statesmanship, but of the teachers, whose individual BULLETIN work has made the schools what they are, no men- tion is made. And yet so stupendous a problem as Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, that offered to the teachers of to-day and especially Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, December23, 1901. in this dear old overgrown, undeveloped city of Chicago has never before been given to any one to THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the solve. year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of There is probably no one of us with ten years' AprilandDecember, by the Chicago Teachers' Federation. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single copies, Five Cents. experience in the schools who has not had at least ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received one thousand children under her direct care. Chil- byTuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to dren of all nationalities, from every grade of home ; the order of the Federation Bulletin. too many of them from places which are only piti- THE EDITOR, able caricatures of homes, and of all grades of in- 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO. telligence. These children are taken in groups of Business office hours, 9 a. m . to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. fifty, strangely combined, some as pure as the lily and some with such knowledge of the seamy side The address of Dr. Maxwell printed in this issue of life as to make one shrink, heart-sick, from the almost hopeless task of lifting their souls from the contains in its entirety that portion of his paper mire on to a plane of purity and truth. But the which was devoted to the subjects of Salary Sched- teacher does, ninety-nine times out of a hundred, ule, Salary Fund, Tenure of Office, Promotion in succeed in transforming this incongruous mass into Salary Schedule and Teachers' Pensions in New a unified, happy group. She teaches self-control to York City. one, encourages independence and self-respect in another, leads all to see the beauty of mutual help- This is the most complete, authentic, and intel- fulness and little by little they acquire the essential ligent brief presentation of the New York City virtues of citizenship. It is not an easy task. It Charter provisions on these matters that has come to our notice and we advise our readers to read takes all the energies of mind and heart and body. it carefully and preserve for future reference. We As the child passes out to the active life of the consider this an opportune time to print this infor- world he takes with him a part of the very life of each teacher in whose care he has been. He be- mation when the agitation for a New Charter for comes one of the people who are making our coun- Chicago offers an excellent opportunity to work try what it is. Because the teachers are taking for similar provisions in our Charter. The data on Teachers' Pensions is printed by this raw material and giving back to the State a request and will also be valuable material for ref- product of such value, that which is the bone and erence . sinew of her statehood, the State should see to it Discussion on all these subjects will be continued that an ample retirement fund is assured the teach- in succeeding issues of the Bulletin. er, not as an alms, grudgingly, but in payment of an acknowledged debt. FLORENCE E. TENNERRY. PUBLIC FUNDS FOR TEACHERS' PENSION . In all civilized countries it has been held to be a PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS' RETIREMENT plain and imperative duty for the State to reward FUND OF DETROIT, MICH. those who have given it notable service in defending Permanent Fund. Consists of it in times of peril and in preserving its stability. 1. Gifts, legacies, etc., designated for such fund. Yet our own country in this, the most enlightened era of the world's history, has been singularly slow 2. Moneys appropriated by Board of Education in showing appreciation of the men and women to or raised by approval of common council and Board of Estimates . whom it owes the greatest share of its unexampled prosperity. We boast of the great national re- 3. Tuition fee of non-resident pupils and inter- sources of our country, but of what value would est on daily balances of moneys appropriated for they be but for the splendid manhood and woman- teachers' salaries . hood whose intelligent industry have developed 4. Moneys which trustees of retirement fund those resources ? In every line of work we hear may transfer from great fund. Interest on this praises of the trained, resourceful workman who, fund shall be turned over to general fund and used with keen perception and fine discrimination, grasps in payment of annuities. No other portion of per- the whole of whatever situation he may find him- manent fund shall be so used. self in and masters its difficulties. In recent cam- General fund consists of I. paign speeches much stress has been laid upon the Deductions from salaries of teachers, not less intelligence of the American workmen; upon the than I per cent nor more than 3 per cent. No de- fact that they read and discuss intelligently the duction made on basis of more than $1,000. great national and international questions and in 2. Income from interest of said general fund. great crises hold themselves well in hand and with- 3. All moneys deducted from teachers' salaries out hysterical outbursts offer themselves to their for absence or any cause. country's service. All this is told in every possible 4. All moneys intended for retirement fund and way and with all degrees of eloquence, but no men- not left specifically to the permanent fund. tion is made of the great factor in bringing about Board of Trustees consists of this condition. To be sure, we occasionally hear a President of Board of Education . glowing tribute to our public schools as to some President Pro Tem of Board of Education. abstract thing which has been evolved by wise Chairman of Committee on Teachers and Schools, CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 5 of Board of Education; Superintendent of City Board of Trustees. He is compensated for clerical Schools ; three teachers in city schools elected services as determined by the Board of Trustees, from contributors to retirement fund by ballot as compensation not to exceed $1,500 per year, appro- Board of Trustees shall prescribe; term, three priated by the Board of Education of the City of years, one teacher being elected each year. Boston. Funds are in hands of Treasurer of Board of Ed- The sum reserved from teachers' salaries is $3 ucation. each alternate month. The term of service is thirty Amount to be deducted from salaries determined years, ten in the Boston schools. by Board of Education on recommendation of The amount of annuities is determined by the Board of Trustees . Board of Trustees as the fund will allow. The Permanent fund administered and invested by annuity for 1904 is $180 in monthly payments of Board of Education in the name of Board of Trus- $15 each. tees. Teachers temporarily incapacitated having taught Board of Trustees may provide for donors to per- not less than two years in Boston may be paid such manent fund honorary membership on Board with- annuity as the trustees determine and the fund will out power to vote. allow if discharged for such incapacity, provided In case of discontinuance of Retirement fund all that physicians' certificates are furnished, and an- moneys appropriated therefor from funds of Board nuity ceases when incapacity ceases . Such annui- of Education (tuition of non-resident pupils, deduc- ues afe uniform in amount with other annuities. tions for absence, and interest on salary fund) shall No annuity is payable until a teacher shall con- revert to Teachers' Salary Fund. tribute $540 to the fund, being assessments for When Permanent Fund shall have reached $ 100, - thirty years, except in cases of incapacity where ooo no funds shall be added to it from deductions the board may make such payment as necessity shall for absence or interest on salary fund except by require. two-thirds vote of Board of Education. Teachers who have contributed for more than Term of service for pension thirty years, of which two years may on retiring without annuity receive twenty years must be in Detroit, or twenty-five one-half of amount paid by her into the fund. years in schools of Detroit render a teacher eligible The act is mandatory upon all teachers entering on application. the service after it shall take effect and upon such Teachers incapacitated for duty having taught others as may elect to come under its provisions. twenty years, ten in Detroit, may be retired by two- Principals, supervisors, superintendent and all in- thirds vote of the Board of Trustees. structors come under the head of teachers. Teachers who resign or are removed for cause San Francisco . may apply after three months for such portion of Assessments $12 per year deducted from sal- money contributed by them as trustees shall direct aries ; $6 per year from evening school teachers re- to be paid, not to exceed one-half of their contribu- ceiving less than $50 per month. Gifts and lega- tions. cies. Not less than half of sums forfeited by ab- Annuities not to exceed $250. Current expenses sence. of Board of Trustees paid from Maintenance Fund Permanent fund composed of 25 per cent of all of Board of Education. moneys from these sources to amount of $50,000 Boston. and all gifts specifically bequeathed. The Boston Teachers' Retirement Fund Asso- Fund administered by a commission consisting ciation was organized under an act of the General of the Mayor, the Superintendent of Schools and Court of the State of Massachusetts approved in the County Treasurer, who report biennially to the supervisors . April, 1900. There is a permanent and a general fund. The Retirement Committee of five teachers, one at permanent fund is made up of gifts and legacies least from primary, and one from grammar schools , elected for three years. specially given to it and a sum set apart by the Board of Trustees. Term of service thirty years, with thirty years' assessments. The general fund is made up of all gifts and legacies not specifically given to the permanent fund Amount of annuity, $50 per month. Proportion- together with the interests of the permanent fund ate annuity to incapacitated teachers who have been and amounts retained for the purpose from teach- contributors for at least five years . ers' salaries . Annuity suspended on return to public schools , There is no provision for drawing from the per- or when incapacity ceases, if annuitant has received manent fund. a sum which reimbursed for her contributions. The Board of Trustees consists of the Superin- Provision for pro rating. tendent of Schools ex officio, three female and three Necessary expenses paid from the fund. male teachers selected by the teachers of Boston All annuities cease if annuitant returns to pro- and four members of the Board of Education elect- fession of teaching. Chicago. ed by the Board of Education; one male and one female teacher being elected annually for a three Chicago fund made up of gifts, legacies and I years' term, and two members of the School Com- per cent of salaries. Administered by Board of Ed- mittee being elected annually for a two years' term. ucation and two trustees elected by contributors and All these trustees serve without compensation, but superintendent of schools ex officio. Term of ser- necessary expenses are paid from the general fund vice twenty years for women, twenty-five years for on approval of the Board of Trustees. men, three-fifths of which must have been within The City Treasurer is custodian of the funds, the municipality. making payments therefrom under direction of the Teachers may retire voluntarily or be retired by 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . the Board of Education on completing the term of (Continued from page 3.) service required. iety, as I have tried to show you repeatedly to-night, Amount of annuity, half salary, provided it does is one of the conditions that must be established if not exceed $600. The law is optional since the ses- teachers are to do their best work. sion of the Legislature in 1901. When first en- * * * acted it was compulsory on all teachers. If fund is not sufficient to pay full annuity the law provides Discussion by Chairman Edmonds of Dr. Maxwell's for proportionate pro rating of all annuities. Paper: New York. We owe hearty thanks to Dr. Maxwell for his Fund invested by City Comptroller and admin- honest and fearless address. While he was speak- istered by Board of Education. Fund composed ing there were three thoughts that came into my of moneys deducted for absence, gifts, etc., 5 per mind: the first is, that if the Ford bill with its pro- cent of excise moneys, and any other method of visions concerning four mills on the assessed valua- legally increasing fund. Term of service thirty tion should be enacted by the Legislature of Penn- years-twenty in New York City. Teachers are sylvania with special reference to the schools of Phil- retired for physical or mental incapacity on recom- adelphia, it would provide sufficient funds for an in- mendation of Superintendent and two-thirds vote crease in the salary item of between 50 and 60 per cent. of the Board. Any teacher sixty-five years of age, having taught The second thought arose out of a story that I thirty years, twenty in New York City, may be re- heard recently in connection with the struggle for the tired at discretion of the Board. passage of the Davis salary bill. Dr. Maxwell re- Law amended to include normal college and ferred to the difficulties. Upon one side, were all teachers and supervisors in institutions controlled the administrative authorities of the city ; in opposi- by departments of public charities and correction. tion were even the members of the Board of Edu- Term of service necessary for normal teachers, cation. Upon the other side was the organized ten years in New York, thirty years aggregate teachership of which the Superintendent was the service. head. I have been told by an eye-witness that there Amount of annuity, one-half salary at date of was an exceedingly inspiring scene in Governor retirement, not to exceed $1,000 for a teacher, Roosevelt's private office at Albany when he heard $1,500 for a principal, $2,000 for a supervisor. No arguments upon both sides of the question. Upon annuity less than $600. one side there were arguments presented by the ad- Board has power to use both principal and in- ministrative authorities; there were arguments pre- come of fund. sented by the Board of Education; there were argu- Charleston, S. C. ments presented by those high in authority in New Charleston fund is composed of I per cent of sal- York state ; and on the other side was the Superin- tendent of the Schools of Greater New York. aries. Annuity must not exceed $250 per year and is only given to teachers whose circumstances are My informant tells me that in a speech, which last- such as to make it imperative that outside aid be ed an hour and was forcible and strong, as we know given them. Dr. Maxwell can speak, he replied to all of the argu- ments that had been presented upon the other side. There is something in the fearlessness of this picture Program State Teachers' Asso- that appeals to me. Upon the one side is the man- ciation. the head of an administrative system; but upon the - other side were all of his administrative superiors ; Capitol Building Springfield. but taking his educational future into his own hands Tuesday, Dec. 27, 7:30 p. m.-Opening exer- -expecting and possibly anticipating that there cises ; President E. G. Cooley's address ; " Caliban might come trouble to his administration because of and Education," Frederick Manley, Cambridge, his own independence, he nevertheless fought the Mass. Appointment of committees. battle for the teachers of New York City, and by so doing won success. Wednesday, Dec. 28, 9 a. m.-Opening exer- cises ; symposium, "Play" ; "Physiology of Play," It is well that our public school teachers all over the land should understand that one of the essen- Dr. Bayard Holmes ; " Sociology of Play," Jane Addams; " Philosophy of Play," Prof. O. L. Triggs. tials to success is such fearless, aggressive and well- Wednesday, 7:30 p. m.-Music. "The Status of directed leadership ; and I want to say on your be- the High School in Illinois," State Superintendent half to-night that we confidently expect from Dr. Bayliss ; "Universal Method in Teaching," Prin- Brooks, our own Superintendent, that there will be cipal Arnold Tompkins. the same positive, courageous and well-directed lead- Thursday, Dec. 29, 9 a. m.-" Professional Im- ership as was given by Dr. Maxwell to our col- provement of Teachers," R. N. Roark, Lexington, leagues in New York City. Ky.; "Opportunities for Same in Our Larger Cities," Frank Darling ; "In Our Smaller Cities," J. A. Long ; "In an Illinois City," U. J. Hoffman . TO TEACHERS In the afternoons the following sections will hold sessions : Principals' , County Superintendents', LOANS BY A TEACHER At Live and Let Live Low Rates. High School, College, Primary, Child Study, Mu- sic and the State Normal School Council. "First aid to the injured in pocket promptly rendered. " The Fare for the Round Trip Will Be Four Dollars and Seventy-Five Cents. L.A., Care of Federation Bulletin, 437 Unity Building. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 7 PIANO BUYERS Find Strong Temptation -IN- December Sale -OF- The Manufacturers Annual Clearing at the Kimball Warerooms Means Much for Enrichment of the Home Life. Extraordinary piano buying continues at the Manufacturers' Warerooms, 243 Wabash Ave. , S. W. Corner Jackson Blvd. Besides being apowerful ap- peal to the money-saving motive, this sale includes many instruments of the highest type of the piano maker's art. Kimball Pianos are the product of a home factory. For years their praises have been sung by the world's masters inmusic. They are within reach of the purchaser of limited means, for they go directly from the great Kimball factories to the home. Unlimited resources of the producers enable them to give the purchaser possession of the instrument while making payment; hence thewisdom ofmany purchasers anticipating their wants by several months, for rarely do conditions bring such mighty inducements. FOR DECEMBER ONLY - New Eastern Plano and Kimball Piano Player, regular price............. 0 $445 20 Rolls of Music, for operating the Player .... ........ 20 Total ...... $ 465 Special Offer, complete . ... $275 Easy Payments if Desired. W. W. KIMBALL CO. (ESTABLISHED 1887) Southwest Corner Wabash Ave. and Jackson Blvd. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CARSON PIRIE SCOTT & CO. STATE AND MADISON STREETS-Building formerly occupied byH. Q. Selfridge & Co., andby Schlesinger & Mayer. Telephone, PrivateExchange,2. " We Find Everything Here Far Beyond Expectation" That was the unvarying comment of visitors during our Autumn Opening. Such emphatic approval of what we have accomplished, after only two weeks in the new location, is our war- rant for repeating: We have the Facilities, the Merchandise and the Prices to make this the most satisfactory shopping place in Chicago. Every day, as the house organization settles into the new surroundings, brings improvement. THE BASEMENT STORE offers remarkable values everyday. Newgoods at very low prices. Broken lines from the old store at sharp reductions from closing out sale price there. Interesting New Silks and Velvets. THE Burlinghamsand Burlingham sacking rough silk suitings, the daintyWarp Printpompadour effects and the broad tail velours, the warm rich colored mousseline and chiffon dress velvets, with the hundred or more other weaves, make an attractive collection that will repay avisit. Second Floor Imported Satin Messaline-sheer beautiful quality-ahappy purchase of an importer's delayed shipment, enables us to offer 50 piece in a splendid assortment of colors, including white and ivory, at a sale price; a yard ........ $1.00 Shirt Waist Suiting Silks-Special new designs Mousseline Bengalines-An imported silk and Plaid Taffetas-Clan colorings as well as the in the small faconne on checks; wool dress fabric and fashion- modest French tones; leading val- weoffer unusual values at $1 and.. 75c able one; desirable; all colors, yard 85 ues-yard, 81.25, $1.00 and..... andingval. 85c Plain Louisines, Peau de Cygnes, Crepe de Chines, Taffetas-unequaled at 85c, 75c and 58c. BLACK SILKS VELVETS We are generously proud of our new possession, the celebrated Moleskin, velour and broad tail velvets for cloaks at lowest "Moneybak. " long wearing black dress silks. With the pur- prices. Mousseline chiffon silk velvets, new browns, chase genuine silk insurance.bar-$1.25 cho carry and Ayard, 82.00, $1.50 and. terra cotta, leather, 82.50, $2.00 and ... $1.50 Black paon and chiffon velvete from $1.00 taffetas, genuine 85c black silk crepe de chines 68c $5.00 gains Odd lot of all silk Lyons velvets, 85 00 quality, good color assort- 75c imported black taffetas-special ment, many of the season's new shades, reduced 58c to...... $2.50 Box Hoisery Sale: Prices Lower Than Ever. Importations for H. G. Selfridge & Co. to Be Disposed Of. THAT tells the reasonwhy weare in te make this a record-breaking box hosiery sale. Thousands ofdozens of pairs ordered abroad for, and stamped with name ofH. G. Selfridge & Co. came to uswhen we parchasedthis business. It is all new, desirable merchandise. But we desire to have on our shelves only the Eiffel brand hosiery. Hence these prices. First floor. WOMEN'S HOSE. MEN'S HOSE . Reg.price, Perbox, Reg. price, Perbox, Reg.price, Perbox, perpair. Sixpairs. perpair. Six pairs. perpair. Sixpairs. cotton, with linen 25e Black cotton double sole or 25c Black cotton, double sole, heel and toes ...... $1.00 50c Black spliced double sole, heels and splitsole.... $1.00 toes $2.15 350Blackcottondouble white or split $ 1.25 35cBlack lisle, fine gauge; black cotton, split sole or white foot... $1.35 75c Black cotton, brilliant mer- cerized black gauze lisle or $2.50 black cotton, extra heavy ....... 40cBlack cotton fine gauze.. $ 1.50 40cBlack lisleor cotton, split sole$1.65 500 Black cotton, double sole, $ 1.75 and ribbed top. $1.00 Black brilliant lisle or$4.00 60cFine black cotton... Egyptian, black cotton, 50cBlack lisle thread; very fine or splitsoleof whitefeet........ $2.00 Black ingrain lisle; four splitsole,blackcotton,very the, $1.85 $1.25 tops.... threador split sole....... $5.00 75c plain black fine cotton or mercerized.. $2.50 Children's 35c linen knee hose, outwear all other kinds, 3 pairs for 75c. In the Basement Store: Women's plainblack cotton, box of six pairs, 65c, 75c, $1, $1.15. Men's, 45c, 60с, 75c. = 1906 Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin 100 Vol. IV. CHICAGO , JANUARY 6, 1905. No. 6. THE TEACHER'S DIPLOMA AND TENURE OF their usual degrees, to clergymen who are permitted OFFICE FOR TEACHERS. to exercise the ministerial functions, to physicians who are permitted to practice their profession." The Address by Dr. Thomas Hunter, President of the minister, the lawyer, the doctor, produces his diplo- Normal College of the City of New York State Teachers' ma, and, except for crime, can ply his profession as long as he lives-practice under his own vine and Association , Before New Jersey State Teachers' As- fig tree with none to make him afraid. He is not sociation , Thursday, Dec. 29, 1904 . hindered or annoyed by any clerical, legal or medical Even Shakespeare, although a great genius, made superintendent. This is precisely what should be mistakes. Some of his expressions are misleading demanded for the profession of teaching-a life and others untrue, which only prove that with all diploma giving the holder thereof the right to his wonderful power he was only a man subject teach as long as he lives. This right must never be to the errors of human nature. When he wrote questioned. It must be inalienable, for it is his right that "A rose by any other name would smell as to make a living. Shylock says, "You take my life sweet," he was decidedly misleading, if not mis- when you take the means by which I live." taken. On the contrary, there is a great deal in a It will be argued that even with this diploma rep- name. Had the rose received a harsh scientific name resenting so much learning, many teachers will be almost unpronounceable, instead of the beautiful, found inefficient. No doubt this is true. It has harmonious name by which it is now known, it been stated that only to per cent of physicians would not by any means smell as sweet. There is achieve a great success, 20 per cent a fair success, a subtle connection between a name and the odor. 20 more per cent a bare living, and 50 per cent fail Between the name and the taste. Psychologists altogether and enter other business. It is a fact may explain this, if they can, for it is beyond: the that a large proportion of Wall street brokers and power of the ordinary man. bankers are men who failed in other professions. Certificates, Licenses, Diplomas . So the failures in teaching would fall into other callings, doubtless for their own pecuniary benefit. A teacher possesses the right to teach for a given The men might become merchants and the women time at a certain salary, and shows in evidence of milliners. If the physician fails, he loses his pa- his fitness a certificate or license. A certificate, ac- tients ; if the lawyer fails, he loses clients ; if the cording to Webster, is a written testimony : not minister fails, he loses his congregation, and if the sworn to . Thus a domestic servant receives a cer- teacher fails, he loses his position, but never his di- tificate of good character from her mistress. Teach- ploma. It is his passport in every town, city and ers "hired" at $12 a month with board among the county of the state. A certificate or a license would farmers needed perhaps a certificate of good moral have no such weight. Every failure causes more or character. It will be observed that a certificate im- less trouble. How many thousands have suffered plies a low calling. But the word license is still or died from the incompetency of the doctor ! How worse, for it suggests liberty to do something not many have lost their property from the stupidity exactly proper; for example, to carry a pistol, to of the lawyer ! How many ma a congregation has been keep a dog in the dog days, to keep a pawn shop, worried by a clergyman who missed his proper call- to keep a liquor store, and, finally, to keep a school. ing ! Perhaps half the troubles of life come from However, the keeping of a school is a highly hon- round men getting into square holes and square men orable profession and should not be degraded by the getting into round holes. If a square man teacher use of a word which even remotely connects it with was placed in a round hole, that is to say, in a the above-mentioned occupations. There is a great position where he could only injure the children deal that is unpleasant in the words certificate and and himself, it would be very easy to get rid of him. license. What word should be substituted ? The Qualifications for Teaching . answer is very simple-the word that gives the physician the right to practice his profession, the It will be asserted that a teacher's standard of word that gives the lawyer the right to practice at qualification is not sufficiently high to warrant the the bar, the word that gives the minister the right to granting of a life diploma. This is partly true, and preach the gospel. And that word is "Diploma." yet there is a large number of teachers fully equip- This is the definition of this strong and masterful ped to receive the diploma at once, and those not word: "A diploma is a letter or writing conferring qualified could in a short time prepare themselves some power, authority, privilege or honor." Diplo- to obtain it, especially as the inducement to do so mas are given to graduates of colleges on receiving would be very great. There are hundreds of very 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. successful teachers who were never graduated from there were no public schools for the masses, and college, high school or normal institution who have farm laborers and working men received scant edu- educated themselves and given evidence of great cation in church schools whose chief aim was to ability. This class should be granted the diploma, teach the catechism and to spell through portions for the very best of all reasons-they won their of the Bible. New England was the sole exception, spurs on the battlefield against vice and ignorance. for there schools and churches were established in They are like the able generals who rose from the juxtaposition, but even these did not go much ranks. farther than the episcopal schools of England. For It must be borne in mind that the education the instruction of the common people any kind of given in a good high school to-day is quite equal to an old teacher was good enough. In Germany to- that obtained in most of the colleges fifty or sixty ward the close of the eighteenth century schools years ago. At that time, or perhaps a little earlier, were kept by pensioned common soldiers and eld- degrees in the arts and science were conferred on erly spinsters. We read of a Maryland planter boys 17, 18, 19 or 20 years old. Edward Everett who advertised for a runaway slave who was a received his A. B. at 17, Chase, Emerson and Long- schoolmaster. In the early eighties the visitor met fellow at 18, John Jay and Daniel Webster at 19, two middle-aged women at a teachers' convention and John Adams and Franklin Pierce at 20. These, in central New York who told him that they were and many more who were graduated with virtually "hired" respectively at $2 and $2.50 a week, and a high school education of the present day were from their conversation there is little doubt but quite the equals of the recent college graduates who that they were paid too much. In Europe and receive their diplomas at the age of 22. There is America schools for the poor were eleemosynary such a thing as over-education leading to imbecility. and were governed by dispensers of charity. In A man over-educated is like a ship over-loaded. fact, they were called charity schools down to a There is danger of sinking. Over-education might recent date. Out of these sprang the free schools . be defined as crude knowledge not distilled into wis- Then followed the common schools and last and dom. The true education, whether accomplished in best of all the public schools. There has been a a long or a short period of time, gives trained fac- gradual evolution. The bright, quick, able public ulty to do one's work in an efficient manner. school teacher of the present has also been evolved, These are the principal degrees which possess a but he has suffered from the former degradation meaning and a power : A B., A. M., Ph. D., LL. of his calling and from the general ignorance of B. , LL. D. , M. D., and D. D. They are the out- the men and women who were "licensed," like the ward and visible signs of honor, privilege, author- liquor dealers, to keep a school. ity and power. To these degres should be added Deplorable System of Bell and Lancaster. one more degree, the degree of B. T., bachelor of teaching, and supplemented to this the M. T. , and The deplorable system of Dr. Bell and Mr. Lan- D. T. , master and doctor of teaching. The New caster did a great deal to degrade the teacher's York university now grants degrees in pedagogy, vocation, for they made it a trade by which one but the word is very disagreeable for two reasons master with a few of the older and brighter chil- -first, it has been used as a term of contempt and dren could instruct a school of 300 pupils. The ridicule, and, secondly, the pedagogue was a leader apprentice teachers were paid $25 the first year of boys that is, a kind of nursery governor to lead and were promoted from time to time until the the little boys to school. This very harsh word age of twenty-one when they received the muni- should be dropped by all teachers who respect their ficient salary of $300 per annum. Dr. Bell per- profession. Columbia adopted a better word, bach- formed a good work in Madras because he was a elor of education, but this might be applied to a man of great ability. Under him even a bad sys- bachelor of engineering. B. T., bachelor of teach- tem would have succeeded. About the same time ing, is better than either, because it hits the nail Mr. Lancaster, in London, established a similar exactly on the head. school, which his majesty George III visited and Power of Union . to which he gave the royal donation of £ 100 ster- ling. The Public School Society of New York, If the teachers of a state unite there is no earthly than which a more philanthropic body of men power can prevent their obtaining the B. T. , a life never existed, imported Mr. Lancaster for the pur- diploma. If constitutional, an act of the legisla- pose of introducing his monitarial system of teach- ture goes as straight as a musket bullet to redress ing. The teaching as a trade in New York was a grievance, to right a wrong. Follow the exam- continued until 1858, when it was merged into the ple of your so-called superiors, go to the legislature, ward school system, governed by school officers go to headquarters, go to the chief department of elected by the people. Parenthetically, it is amus- government, the lawmaking power. Ask only what ing to read of the respective adherents of Bell and is just; agitate, agitate, agitate, even to the point Lancaster contending for the honor of inventing of importuning. Carlyle says that Danton was the the apprentice system of teaching. Whichever side Titan of the revolution, and what was his advice succeeded in the argument might have been in the to the people : "Dare and dare and dare again. position which Milton assigned to Satan— Do not be afraid. Courage always pays ; cowardice, like satan, is the father of lies ." "By merit raised to that bad eminence" Standard of Profession Should Be Exalted. The school system and the status of the teachers improved from this time onward. Perhaps both Before a remedy is sought, it may be well to reached their best condition just prior to the civil inquire into the causes that have led to the degra- war. New York is mentioned because it has been dation of the teacher's calling. In the first place, a pioneer in education. The west has learned from down to the beginning of the nineteenth century, the east and improved on it. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 3 Shakespeare, Dickens and Thackeray Taken to Task. them becomes very great. The former is awe-in- Another thing that has brought odium on the spiring and powerful; he holds the destiny of the profession of teaching, sad to say, is the ridicule latter in the hollow of his hand. The examinee, heaped on the heads of schoolmasters by the great unless made of brass, becomes afraid and fails to lights in English literature. Shakespeare makes do himself justice. The examiner, on the other Holofernes a pedant, Scott makes Dominie Sam- hand, displays his enormous power. How did the son an imbecile, Thackeray makes Becky Sharpe superintendents obtain this power ? From the self- an unscrupulous adventuress and Dickens makes same source to which I would recommend your as- Squeers a monster of cruelty. Perhaps these sociation to apply for your rights-the legislature of writers had their revenge for cruel treatment in your state. the days when the birch and the lesson were con- Take, for example, the case of a superintendent comitants. Doubtless these caricatures helped Eng- who obtained the power from the legislature to de- lishmen and Americans to look on the teacher's termine the schools he would accept as qualified to calling with contempt. educate teachers for the public schools ; and hav- Mania for Examination. ing received this power he proceeded to issue a cast- A great cause of injury to the schools and the iron course of study which must be pursued so teachers is over-examination and too much supervi- many hours and so many weeks ; and to this he sion. There seems to be a mania for examination, added an examination conducted and rated by him- particularly of teachers. The members of no other self. This man made himself principal of every profession are so worried and tormented. In order normal institution in the state-not only in theory, to show you my opinion about over-examination, but in actual practice. I shall quote an extract from my annual report to Take another case of a superintendent who re- my board of trustees : ceived power from the legislature to exempt candi- "Every experienced teacher knows that exami- dates in whole or in part from examination ; in other nations are necessary evils, but so far nothing bet- words, to grant or refuse favors. To no man ter has been invented to take their place. The should this power be given ; no man should accept element of chance cannot be removed. 'The race this power. It would tend, for obvious reasons, to is not to the swift nor the battle to the strong.' In a many abuses. Just as I have recommended the competition by several candidates for the same of- elimination of the words certificate and license I fice an examination seems indispensable. But for would advise the change of the word superintendent a high school or college, an examination by an out- to the word inspector, which would indicate the side body inevitably leads to 'cramming' and greatly proper function of the office. retards true educational progress. Even within An Un-American System . the institution there should be only simple test ex- The one man power is un-American, undemocratic aminations once a month or once in two months, and unrepublican. It is pure despotism, pure czar- for the purpose of enabling the class instructor to ism. The president of the United States is checked ascertain the strength or weakness of each student by congress and the supreme court; congress is in in the subject taught. turn checked by the president ; the house checks "Over- examination is the bane of most of the the senate and the senate the house. The house, public schools of the United States. What with the senate, the president, the supreme court have state superintendents', city superintendents' super- their clearly defined powers. No one man is supreme. visors' and directors' examinations and what with The glory of the American government is that it is necessary examinations by principals and teachers, a government by majority-a government of checks the pupils are nearly examined to death, and all in- and balances . dividuality in the instructor and instructed is Six Things Wanted by Teachers. dwarfed and both are reduced to educational ma- chines to grind out a given amount of knowledge. There is little use in pointing out evils unless we "When will the directors of education realize the are prepared to propose remedies. It is foolish to fact that the acquisition of knowledge is only a tear down unless we are prepared to reconstruct. means to an end and that a person may be loaded Let us see what we want. We want, first, the di- down with a mass of undigested knowledge and yet ploma; second, the reduction of the power of the be incompetent in the affairs of life ? Unless knowl- local superintendent; third, we want a national edge is distilled into wisdom by the development board of education; fourth, a state board of educa- of memory, reason and judgment, it becomes al- tion ; fifth, a life tenure of office; and, sixth, an most worthless. The end of all education is to adequate pension. Are these things attainable ? make man wiser and better, and hence moral train- Yes; but only by perfect union of all the teachers ing is all-important during the plastic period of and constant, unremitting agitation. adolescence. National Board of Education. "The true teacher looks above and beyond the The life diploma and overexamination have been lessons of the day, the studies of the term and asks fully discussed. I am afraid that in the present himself, How much mental power has been devel- temper of the American people a national board of oped ? Are my pupils morally stronger by my in- education with a cabinet minister at its head is struction ? The true teacher has used studies as hardly possible; yet if it could be established, it intellectual and moral dumbbells, and when the would raise the profession of teaching to the very mental muscle has been strengthened he may lay highest plane. The religious question is in the them aside and use others larger." way ; yet a means might be found to satisfy people I ask why this mania for examination ? The an- of all denominations. Perhaps this is only an iri- swer is not far to seek. When the examiner and descent dream. Yet movement by means of steam, the examined come together, the difference between (Continued on page 5.) 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION of the Normal University, David Felmley, as mem- ber of the nominating committee of the N. E. А. BULLETIN CATHARINE GOGGIN. Member of I. S. T. А. Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Foderation, Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, December 23, 1901. THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the Proposed Provisions for New year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of AprilandDecember, by the Chicago Teachers ' Federation. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single Charter for Chicago. copies, Five Cents. ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must bereceived Submitted to teachers Dec. 19, 1904. by Tuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to the order of the Federation Bulletin. ARE YOU IN FAVOR OF THE EDITOR , 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO. SALARY SCHEDULE. Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m . Phone Central 3904. Yes All elementary teachers to receive not less than $600 for first year, $750 for fourth year, $1,000 for seventh year, and DR . HUNTER'S PAPER. an annual increase of $100 thereafter No until a maximum of $1,500 is reached. Through the kindness of the "True American" of Trenton, N. J., we are enabled to print in full in this issue the paper delivered last week before the New SALARY FUND. Yes Jersey State Teachers' Association by Dr. Thomas Aprovision for setting aside a certain Hunter, president of the Normal College of the City per cent of the tax levy to be used for No of New York. teachers' salaries ONLY. Coming from the pen of such a distinguished educator, Dr. Hunter's words are timely advising TENURE OF OFFICE AND EFFI- teachers to organize and go to the legislature to CIENCY. seek legislation providing for the members of the After a probationary period all appoint- teaching, as for these other professions, a life di- ments to be permanent during efficiency ploma, thereby removing the re-examination of and good behavior. Yes teachers, one of the causes enumerated by Dr. Inefficient teachers to be eliminated from Hunter of the degradation of the teaching profes- the service after having had reasonable sion. opportunity for improvement and a trial before the Board ofEducation on written At a time when, as Dr. Hunter says, "there seems charges. to be a mania for examination, particularly of All efficient teachers to be entitled to and teachers, though the members of no other profes- to receive the regular annual increase of No sion are so worried and tormented," it is well that salary till maximum in salary schedule teachers fortify themselves with the arguments pre- is reached. "Efficient teachers" to be sented by Dr. Hunter and other distinguished edu- held to mean all teachers against whom cators whose utterances on this and kindred sub- no charge of inefficiency or unfitness has been proven. jects we shall continue to publish. We urge the readers of the Bulletin to preserve these copies for future reference or to place them in the hands of PROMOTIONAL EXAMINATIONS. Yes others not teachers whose channels of information or The present system of promotional ex- misinformation on these subjects are limited to the aminations. No newspapers. Extra copies of these numbers have been asked for and will be supplied on request. Yes PENSION FUND. THE ILLINOIS STATE TEACHERS' ASSOCIA TION. Public funds for pensions. No This self-perpetuating organization hled its an- nual meeting in Springfield Dec. 27-29, 1904. BOARD OF EDUCATION. Yes According to custom, the membership was com- Elected by the people; nominations to posed almost entirely of county and city superin- bebypetition; elections at large (instead ofbywards); women to have the right to tendents, principals, supervisors and representatives signnomination petitions and tovotefor No of the various publishing houses, with here and members of the Board. there a class room teacher. The program was for the most part made up of Placean X in space after the word "Yes, " ifyou approve; Chicago talent, seven of the principal papers hav- Ifyou disapprove, place X in space after the word " No." ing been presented by residents of this city. Letter Sent with Ballots. The inclemency of the weather decreased some- what the number of attendants, but each session CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION . was well attended and the musical interludes added 437 Unity Building. to the general enjoyment of the sessions. Chicago, Dec. 17, 1904. Members were urged to promote the N. E. A. at To the Federation Correspondent : Asbury Park next summer and it was recommend- The Board of Education at its last meeting ap- ed that the active members nominate the president pointed a committee to promote the interests of the CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 5 schools in the new charter it was also decided to (Continued from page 3.) invite the co-operation and assistance of the various the telegraph, the telephone and navigation in the principals' and teachers' organizations . air were once iridescent dreams, more un'ikely In order that the Federation may correctly rep- than a national board of education. resent the sentiment of the teachers to the commit- If unable for the present to obtain a national tee of the Board of Education you are requested to board of education with a cabinet officer at its secure the vote of the teachers of your school on head, you could certainly secure a state board of the inclosed ballots and mail in inclosed envelope to education, similar to the New York board of re- the Federation office not later than Tuesday. gents, with a state superintendent as chief execu- Please present a ballot to every teacher, whether tive officer. This board should be non-partisan, a member of the Federation or not. This is of composed of seven members, who should be chosen immediate and urgent importance. for long terms, paid a liberal salary and devote all Sincerely yours, their time to the work of education . The state Florence E. Tennerry, board alone should grant diplomas and it should Corresponding Secretary. hold semi-annual examinations at the state capital. Louis L. Kilbourn, President. This examination should not be so low or so easy Fill out blanks below and return with ballots : that an immature boy or girl should receive the diploma, nor should it be so high or so difficult as Name of school ... .. to be practically prohibitive. Number of teachers in school . I would suggest the following requirements : Number of teachers voting . .. First, that the candidate should be at least 19 years Number of teachers absent . old; secondly, that he should be in good health ; thirdly, that he should pass a good examination in subjects covering the course of study in a first class VOTE OF THE TEACHERS high school ; fourthly, that he should pass a satis- Yes. No. factory examination in logic, psychology and the .3,912 33 history, science and art of education; and, fifthly, Salary Schedule . that there should be a special examination in ad- .3,982 3 Salary Fund ... vanced English and one other language-Latin, Tenure of Office and Efficiency . ..3,948 10 French or German. A course of study to prepare a Promotional Examinations . 316 3,844 candidate to meet these requirements would de- Pension Fund .... .3,728 106 Board of Education . ... .... ..3,543 264 mand six years from the time he entered the high school at the age of 13. But an indispensable qual- ification should be insisted upon, above and beyond scholarship, and that is ability to govern and teach ; Total number of teachers in schools ......... 4,618 for it is not every good scholar who is a good Total number of teachers voting . ........ 4,219 teacher. For this reason the life diploma should Number reported absent on day vote was taken 155 not be given until the state board of education has Number not voting ........ 244 ..... had ample proof that the candidate is a good dis- ciplinarian and possesses the power to impart in- Largest vote cast on any question (promotion- struction. The question naturally arises, how is al examination) ..... 4,160 this proof to be obtained ? The candidate, having Vote against promotional examination ... 3,844 passed in the subjects above mentioned, might teach Vote for promotional examination . .......... 316 for one year under a principal whose recommenda- tion ought to suffice, for he is the best judge of fit- ness. If the candidate were a graduate of a normal institution in which there was a school of practice At the request of the board of managers of the the principal's statement should be sufficient. C. T. F. I personally opened the envelopes contain- A candidate should not be debarred from taking ing the ballots and accompanying letters from each the examination because he was not a graduate of a school and supervised the canvass of the same, and college, high school or normal school. No matter hereby certify that the above is a true and cor- how or where he obained his education, he should rect statement of the result of the vote on the ques- be eligible . Of course, he must prove his ability to govern and teach and produce testimonials as to tions given above. good character. CORNELIA B. DE BEY, Tenure of Office for Teachers. Jan. 4, 1905. The life diploma and the life tenure of position 1 during good behavior would at once raise the pro- CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION. fession to the highest rank and would give it a The regular meeting of the Chicago Teachers ' dignity and respect which it sorely needs, would inure to the benefit of the people by securing for Federation will be held at 412 Masonic Temple, their children good schools and able teachers. If a January 14, 1905, 10:30 a. m. teacher is constantly thinking that she may lose her The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teachers' position at the end of the school year, or that she Federation will meet Monday, January 16, at 4 may be reduced in rank or salary, what kind of p. m., in Room 437, Unity Bldg. heart does she bring to bear on her work ? The FLORENCE E. TENNERRY, diploma is important, but the life tenure is in- Cor. Secretary. valuable. 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. Pensions. three-quarters of them are women, who marry be- One other thing is nearly as important as the two fore they have served a half or a quarter of the I have mentioned and that is an adequate pension, time necessary to make them eligible for the pen- not less than half the salary at the time of retire- sion. Perhaps not more than 10 per cent of women ment. This would bring ease and comfort to the teachers will ever serve until retired. But why talk teacher's mind and enable her to do the best work of the cost ? Solomon says, "There is an economy of which she was capable. There is a small stand- that squanders." And this is especially true in re- ing army of soldiers in the United States as com- gard to teachers. pared with Russia, Germany and France. Accord- It is true economy to raise the American schools ing to population, the American army should num- to a higher plane, and in order to do this the teach- ber two millions, and why are we able to dispense ers must be liberally compensated up to the day of with one million nine hundred thousand of them? their death. After all is said and done the salary Simply because we have a much better army-an and pension are the measures of the dignity and army of half a million of teachers. The safety of respectability of the teacher's calling. the republic, its prosperity and its power are in the For the reforms I have advocated I would urge hands of this splendid army of men and women upon you to think and toil by day and night, to teachers . Do you want the worst form of govern- agitate, to importune, to see the legislators indi- ment in the world-worse than Russian despotism vidually, to appoint committees to interview the -do you want an ignorant democracy ? Then leading men of the state. Be prepared with your cripple the army of teachers that saved the union arguments. Be sure that you are right, for "thrice in the civil war by means of the skilled labor, the is he armed who hath his quarrel just, and he but product of the public schools. naked though locked up in steel whose quarrel The officers of the other army-the regular army with injustice is corrupted." Macauley said of the -are retired at the age of 62 with a pension of Puritans that "they feared God so much that they about 60 per cent of their salaries ; and every one had no fear of man." Be courageous and fear not. admits that it is right and proper, for the profession Nothing rected. succeeds so well as courage wisely di- of arms is difficult and often dangerous. The knowledge that the officer cannot come to want in his old age is a comfort and a consolation that im- part a greater zest in the performance of his duty. The teacher, too, pursues a difficult and wearing Only the deaf and dumb profession ; his nerves are sorely tried; he is ex- fail to appreciate the posed to contagion, and frequently suffers from premature exhaustion. His work is national, con- servative and beneficent. He is a soldier in the TELEPHONE battle against vice and ignorance. He deserves a now- a-days . pension just as much as the other soldier in uni- form does . The teacher deserves it more, because his salary is lower, and he has, therefore, less Business Residence per day & 5 Cents and up. ability to save for old age. Besides this, he is often unemployed, owing to the lack of a life tenure in CHICAGO TELEPHONE CO . his position. The cost of pensioning teachers would 203 Washington Street. be comparatively small, for the reason that at least Business Men prefer the California Limited Why? - the train "wears well " Santa Fe The service is faultlessly good every mile and every minute All the Way Santa Fe standard All the Way--That's the reason Chicago and Kansas City to Los Angeles and San Francisco Ask J. M. Connell, of A. T. & S. F. Ry. , 109Adams Street, Chicago. 1 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 7 PIANO BUYERS Find Strong Temptation -IN- January Sale -OP- The Manufacturers Annual Clearing at the Kimball Warerooms Means Much for Enrichment of the Home Life. Extraordinary piano buying continues at the Manufacturers' Warerooms, 243 Wabash Ave. , S. W. Corner Jackson Blvd. Besides being apowerful ap- peal to the money-saving motive, this sale includes many instruments of the highest type of the piano maker's art. Kimball Pianos are the product of a home factory. For years their praises have been sung by the world's masters in music. They are within reach of the purchaser of limited means, for they go directly from the great Kimball factories to the home. Unlimited resources of the producers enable them to give the purchaser possession of the instrument while making payment; hence the wisdom of many purchasers anticipating their wants by several months, for rarely do conditions bring such mighty inducements. FOR JANUARY ONLY New Eastern Plano and Kimball Piano Player, regular price ... $ 445 20 Rolls of Music, for operating the Player ..... ............... 20 Total ......... ... $465 Special Offer, complete. ... ..... .... ... $275 Easy Payments if Desired. W. W. KIMBALL CO. (ESTABLISHED 1887) Southwest Corner Wabash Ave. and Jackson Blvd. 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CARSON PIRIE SCOTT & CO. STATE AND MADISON STREETS-Building formerly occupied by H. A. Selfridge & Co. , andby Schlesinger & Mayer. Telephone, Private Exchange,2. " We Find Everything Here Far Beyond Expectation" That was the unvarying comment of visitors during our Autumn Opening. Such emphatic approval of what we have accomplished, after only two weeks in the new location, is our war- rant for repeating: We have the Facilities, the Merchandise and the Prices to make this the most satisfactory shopping place in Chicago. Every day, as the house organization settles into the new surroundings, brings improvement. THE BASEMENT STORE offers remarkable values every day. New goods at very low prices, Broken lines from the old store at sharp reductions from closing out sale price there. Interesting New Silks and Velvets. THE Burlinghamsand Burlingham sacking rough silk suitings, the daintyWarpPrint pompadour effects and the broad tail velours, the warm rich colored mousseline and chiffon dress velvets, with the hundred or more other weaves, make an attractive collection that will repay a visit. Second Floor Imported Satin Messaline-sheer beautiful quality-ahappy purchase of an importer's delayed shipment, enables us to offer 50 piece in a splendid assortment of colors, including white and ivory, at a sale price; a yard ....... $1.00 Shirt Waist Suiting Silks -Special new designs Mousseline Bengalines-An imported silk and Plaid Taffetas-Clan colorings as well as the in the small faconne on checks; 75c wool dress fabric and a fashion- 85c modest French tones; leading val- we offer unusual values at $1 and.. able one ; desirable ; all colors, yard modesteadingval...85c Plain Louisines, Peau de Cygnes, Crepe de Chines, Taffetas unequaled at 85c, 75c and 58c. BLACK SILKS VELVETS We are generously proud of our new possession, the celebrated Moleskin, velour and broad tail velvets for cloaks at lowest "Moneybak. " long wearing black dress silks. With the pur- prices. Mousseline chiffon silk velvets, new browns, chase ofeach dress you carry genuine silk insurance. $1.25 terra cotta, leather, $2.50, 82.00 and ........ $1.50 A yard, $2.00, $1.50 and. Black paon and chiffon velvets from $1.00 85c black silk crepe de chines and taffetas, genuine bar- gains 68c $5.00 Odd lot of all silk Lyons velvets, $5.00 quality, good color assort 75c imported black taffetas-special ment, many of the season's new shades, reduced 58c to ...... $2.50 Box Hoisery Sale: Prices Lower Than Ever. Importations for H. G. Selfridge & Co. to Be Disposed Of. THAT tells the reason why we are in a position to make this arecord-breakingboxhosierysale. Thousands of dozens of pairs ordered abroad for, and stamped with name of H. G. Selfridge & Co. came to us when we parchased this business. It is all new, desirable merchandise. But we desire to have on our shelves only the Eiffel brand hosiery. Hence these prices. First floor. WOMEN'S HOSE . MEN'S HOSE. Reg. price, Perbox, Reg. price, Perbox, Reg.price, Per box, per pair. Sixpairs . perpair. Six palrs. perpair. Six pairs, 25c Black cotton double sole or 250 Black cotton, double sole, $ 1.00 50c Black cotton, with linen spliced double sole, heels and split sole .... $ 1.00 35cBlack lisle, fine gauge; black $1.35 toes $2.15 350Blackcottondouble white or split $ 1.25 cotton, split sole or white foot... 75c Black cotton, brilliant mer- cerized black gauze lisle or$2.50 400Black cotton fine gauze.......$ 1.50 black cotton, extra heavy ...... 50c Black cotton, double sole, 4CeBlacklisleorcotton, top.... split sole $ 1.65 hand seamed. $ 1.75 50cBlack lisle thread; very fine or $1.00 Black brilliant lisle or $4.00 60c Fine Egyptian, black cotton, split sole or white feet ... $2.00 split sole, black cotton,veryfine, $1.85 $1.25 outsize or ribbed tops........ Black ingrain lisle; four $5.00 thread or split sole........ plain black fine cotton or $2.50 750mercerized. Children's 35c linen knee hose, outwear all other kinds, 3 pairs for 75c. In the Basement Store: Women's plain black cotton, box of six pairs, 65c, 75c, $1, $1.15. Men's, 45c, 60с, 75c. Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin 100 Vol. IV. CHICAGO, JANUARY 13, 1905. No. 7. General scholarship and a theoretical knowledge of psychology and pedagogy is one thing; the ability to train a class of children, or to handle a corps of teachers, is quite another. The measure of the one is in no sense a measure of the other. In a word, merit in one line does not indicate merit in another line ; and the difficulty with our *** merit lists has been that they have not been heretofore based on skill in teaching. Once teachers have received their provisional appointments and are in position to develop their pedagogical skill, then the order of merit must be ascertained by their actual efficiency as teachers, *** Ido not see how we can avoid the conclusion that if efficiency in teaching can be *** determined at all it must be determined by the results achieved. DR. J. M. RICE. WHAT DETERMINES MERIT IN TEACHING? abundant evidence to prove that this ceases to be true when those limits have been reached. There Extracts from Speech of Dr. J. M. Rice , is a point beyond which the stronger classes begin Editor The Forum . to stand out in bold relief over and against the The Schoolmasters' Association of New York weaker ones. In one case we find knowledge, and vicinity has started the new year with unusual which can be acquired mechanically by the exercise treats. Most important from the point of view of of the lower faculties, while in the other case, we practical teaching was the recent address by Dr. discover genuine power, or the capacity to utilize J. M. Rice. The subject involved the questions the higher faculties, which in the average child most directly concerning the teacher : What con- can only result from genuine teaching. An exam- stitutes efficiency in teaching, and, How can com- ination that fails to test this difference is deficient. parative merit of teachers be most accurately de- The utilization of knowledge in unaccustomed chan- termined ? The following summary is made up of nels and novel situations is a sign of strength. Ex- quotations from the address. They are solid meat. aminations must be tests of power in this sense. There is and can be but one standard capable of permanently holding its own in estimating the If, in a lifting contest among men, the weight merits of teachers, and that is judgment by re- to be lifted should not exceed five pounds, we would have no real test of strength. In view of sults. Aside from satisfactory results, we have a the fact that every normal man can lift five pounds right to expect of the teacher a certain amount of the contest would lead us to suppose that feeble culture and refinement, together with such worthy men could lift as much as strong men, which on habits as conscientiousness, punctuality, truthful- its face would be absurd. The conclusion that the ness, neatness, diligence, etc., etc. Nevertheless comparative strength of different men could not be the ability to teach is fundamental, and all other determined by a lifting test would be equally ab- considerations must be subordinate to this. surd. The solution in this case would be furnished If in looking for a bookkeeper I were asked if it should occur to some one to use instead of a whether I should prefer to have an unrefined, single weight of five pounds a series of weights slovenly, lazy person who could keep books, or a ranging from five to five hundred pounds. Then refined, neat, diligent person who couldn't keep the differences would be bound to tell. On the books, I should reply that I was looking for neither, other hand, the mystery would remain as dark as but for a conscientious, alert, refined person who ever, if in place of using the series of weights, re- can keep books. A teacher has no more right than sort would be had to artificial means, such as com- one in any other walk of life to offer conscientious- parative ability to pass an examination on the his- ness, refinement, and other personal virtues as sub- tory and principles of pugilism . stitutes for efficiency. Proficiency stands first as the sine qua non; other desirable traits are expected General scholarship and a theoretical knowledge to be thrown in as a bonus . of psychology and pedagogy is one thing; the The claim is made that when different sets of ability to train a class of children, or to handle a pupils are tested for results, those in charge of corps of teachers, is quite another. The measure weak teachers are as likely to make a good show- of the one is in no sense a measure of the other. ing as those in charge of strong ones. I grant In a word, merit in one line does not indicate merit that this is true-within certain limits. But I have in another line; and the difficulty with our merit 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . lists has been that they have not been heretofore is devoted to them; so that the remedy does not lie based on skill in teaching. in an increase of time, but in some other direction. The only thing for which merit lists based on Now, while I do not feel as free as this, to make theoretical qualifications should be utilized, is that positive assertions, in regard to what results we of the provisional appointment of teachers, before have a right to expect, as a minimum, in the various they have had an opportunity to develop, or to subjects, from grade to grade, I am ready to de- manifest, their pedagogical skill. In the provisional fend, upon a basis of facts, the statement that tests appointment theoretical qualifications should be which call for the exercise of the higher faculties pushed to the farthest extent that may be feasible, will tell every time in favor of the pupils who have in order that none but scholarly and well trained enjoyed the benefit of the better teaching, and that teachers may be placed in charge of schools. But tests of this nature, through the enormous differ- once teachers have received their provisional ap- ences in the results they call forth, will afford ample pointments and are in position to develop their scope for determining the point at which the line of pedagogical skill, then the order of merit must be minimum requirement may be reasonably drawn. determined by their actual efficiency as teachers, It seems to me that no educational question can and theoretical qualifications must become of sec- compare in importance to-day with that of the ondary consideration. forming of reasonable minimum demands, and the The personal opinion of the superintendent can development of absolute standards. That is the no more be looked upon as the final arbiter than problem, not only for elementary but for higher can a test of a teacher's theoretical knowledge, in schools as well. The question resolves itself prac- determining the degree of pedagogical efficiency. tically to this : What should a class of pupils be I do not see how we can avoid the conclusion that able to do in a subject after having devoted a speci- if efficiency in teaching can be determined at all it fied amount of time to it, and, how much time is it must be determined by the results achieved. necessary to devote to a subject in order to produce a specified result. The development of educational norms is, of course, destined to be a slow and tedious process, It is to accomplish something worth while in the not by reason of any extraordinary difficulties to be lines here indicated that the Society of Educational overcome, but because of the enormous amount of Research has been organized. -The School Journal, New York. detailed work involved. The norms for each indi- vidual subject, as well as for each individual grade, will have to be developed by special research. PERSONALITY AND CHARACTER. However, in the department of standards I feel Chas. R. Barrett, speaking before the Cook Coun- that at least in one respect something of perma- ty Teachers' Association, recently said: nent value has already been accomplished through "We as a people are losing educationally, politi- my own researches in spelling, arithmetic, and lan- cally, morally and religiously, through the failure guage. of the public school teachers to build character. While I cannot say definitely just what percent- Character is the aim and end of all education. The age of a given list of words a sixth year class teachers must possess personality and character. ought to be able to spell, I feel confident that the These qualities cannot be developed in any technical percentage of correctly spelled words in that list examination . No test ever devised can show the will average as high in the school where the time real qualities of a teacher. Our boys and girls lack devoted to spelling does not exceed fifteen minutes character. The great social and economic evil is daily, as it will in the schools where the time de- that we have no respect for law and government, voted to the subject will be as much as forty min- We must get back to the simpler life." utes a day. In other words, I am perfectly ready to assert that for ordinary purposes ten or fifteen THE MILLER'S HOOS . minutes a day devoted to spelling, for a series of years, will accomplish probably as much as forty While the late Major Pond was taking Winston minutes, and that, therefore, the maximum time Churchill through the United States on a lecture to be devoted to spelling should not exceed fifteen tour there was some sort of misadventure in Phila- minutes a day. delphia regarding the luggage, and, according to the Again, in arithmetic my tests have shown that Boston Post, in the Hotel Bellevue, Major Pond there is no particular object in devoting more than talked bitterly of fools to a group of reporters for forty-five minutes a day to the subject, and that if a while, finally telling them a fool story. favorable results will not be obtained within that "The fool I speak of now," he said, "doesn't re- limit they will not be obtained at all. semble the fool who has mislaid our baggage. How- Next I have found that in language favorable ever, to begin : results if obtained at all will be obtained within "There was a fool who went to the miller's to the limits of fifty minutes' daily instruction. have some grain ground for his father. The miller In a word, from the standpoint of maximum said to him : time limits, my data prove quite conclusively, that " ' So you are a fool, eh?" excellent results, in the so-called essential subjects, " I guess I am,' replied the youth. spelling, penmanship, language and arithmetic, may ""A fool, ch ? A natural,' mused the miller. 'We be obtained, if the time devoted to instruction in ain't got many natural fools hereabouts. I'll have 4 them does not exceed half the school day. Conse- to examine you a bit. Do you mind ?' quently, if there is any justice in the claim of the " On, no, of course not, the fool answered, po- citizens, that the results, in these branches, are un- litely. " satisfactory, the deficiency is due simply to weak 'Well, my lad, since you're a fool,' began the teaching, and not to the fact that not enough time miller, 'I want you first to tell me what you know, CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 3 and afterward what you don't know. Now, to be- the Twelfth district school of Milwaukee, and chair- gin. What do you know ?" man of the committee on pensions. Mrs. Mary D. " I know," said the fool, with a leer, 'that the Bradford, Stevens Point normal school, read a pa- miller's hogs are fat.' per on "Teachers' Pensions and Insurance," John "'Good, very good,' said the miller. 'That is what F. Lamont of Wausau on " Compensation in Rural you know. Now tell us what you don't know.' Schools," and H. L. Terry of Waukesha on " Serv- "The fool leered again. ice and Wages in City Schools." "'I don't know whose grain fattens 'em,' he said." The session opened at 9 o'clock in the morning with about 800 teachers present. By 10 o'clock the WISCONSIN TEACHERS APPEAL TO LEGIS- number present had increased to about 1,000. The LATURE . closest attention was given to all papers bearing up- : on the various phases of the subject of wages, and Ask Paid Commission to Investigate Wages of Teachers . judging by the way all the speakers were inter- rupted by applause, the work of the leaders in the Work of State Teachers' Association. movement for better pay is deeply appreciated.- Milwaukee Free Press . Wisconsin teachers will appeal to the legislature for help in solving the problem of securing better wages. WISCONSIN TEACHERS TO TAKE UP PROP- The first step was taken at the initial general ses- ERTY NOT TAXED . sion of the fifty-second annual meeting of the Wis- consin Teachers' association, which opened at the Davidson theater yesterday morning, when a reso- Legislative Committee Brings Question Before Con- lution was introduced by A. H. Sage, Oshkosh, ask- vention . ing that the legislature be asked to create a paid commission of not less than three nor more than School income and the exemption of millions in five members to investigate the entire subject of property from school taxation was broached at compensation for teachers in the rural schools. this session for the first time in the history of the Wisconsin Teachers' association . Compensation-wages, pensions and insurance- While the matter has been discussed at some was the only subject discussed at this session. While the association adopted a report favoring pensions length in Milwaukee, and while New York and Chi- for teachers, there is little doubt that if the legis- cago have taken steps in the matter, it was not until lature creates such a commission, the whole subject this session that the question was placed before the of compensation for teachers, in all its phases, in- legislative committee of the association. cluding pensions and insurance, will be referred to The legislative committee deal with an unknown the commission. For this reason, those who have subject when it took up the matter of corporations been striving for years to get better wages for the owning millions of property but paying practically teachers feel that the most important step in the nothing toward the support of the schools. For history of the movement was taken yesterday. this reason, it believes that facts and figures rela- Demand for Better Wages. tive to the question should be obtained before the In all the papers and addresses from the first association takes steps in the matter. to the last there was a demand for better wages. Whenever the subject was discussed yesterday, it All who took part in the program urged that the elicited surprise from educators from all parts of first step was for teachers so to equip themselves the state. The fact that Milwaukee has more prop- that they give service worthy of better pay. All erty exempt from taxation for school purposes than urged that the next step was to cultivate public property so taxed was a revelation. The question opinion along this line. It remained for Mrs. E. F. undoubtedly will be discussed at length this Pettingill of Brooklyn, N. Y., to summarize the dis- morning. cussion in this manner : "No sordid motives prompted a discussion of this "The only way to get and retain the best teacli- subject in the committee," said President E. W. ers, and thus bring our schools to a high standard Walker last night. "The first aim of the associa- and keep them there, is to pay fair commercial sal- tion and of the legislative committee is better oppor- aries for services rendered." tunities and conditions for the boy and girl. It was Karl Mathie, of Wausau, a former presi- While the taxation of more property for school dent of the association, who brought out the point purposes would permit higher wages for teachers, that the average rural teacher in Wisconsin is paid officers of the association feel that Wisconsin's pub- $30 a month for eight months' work, or $240 a year. lic schools have many other pressing needs which Papers which were Features. can be met only with more funds in school treas- uries." The two features of the meeting were the address of A. E. Winship, editor of the New England Jour- "It is merely a question of equity," said President nal of Education, published at Boston, on "A Just Walker. " These large corporations, paying a li- Appreciation of the Teacher," and the paper by cense fee to the state, ought, in justice to other tax- Mrs. Pettingill of Brooklyn on "Cost and Com- payers, contribute their share to the public school pensation." Mr. Winship's address is given in full system. This they do not. Under the present law on another page. The rest of the morning's pro- only $200,000 of the licenses paid the state by cor- gram was devoted to reports by members of the porations is turned over to the school fund for di- committee on teachers' work and wages, and to a vision according to the school population. " Mil- report on pensions by Henry Krueger, principal of waukee Free Press, Dec. 29, 1904. 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION the length of his service or the brand of his con- duct while in the service. BULLETIN Our public schools are in reality schools in which Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, the law of the land is inoculated into the minds of Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, the young, and the discipline which is exercised December 23, 1901. over him there will certainly reflect in his future THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the opinion of the discipline which the civic govern- year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of AprilandDecember, by the Chicago Teachers' Federation. ment will expect of him as a man of the community. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single coples, Five Cents. We hear a great deal nowadays in our local press, ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received of Chicago's new charter, and many opinions have byTuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. been given from the pens of men high in authority ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to the orderof the Federation Bulletin. upon the city's future needs. In effectuating the THE EDITOR , new charter, let it not be lost sight of that the Board 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO. of Education be a board representative of the fa- Dusiness office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m . Phone Central 8904. thers, mothers and guardians of our children, who can certainly be trusted at the polls to select proper TAX THE CORPORATIONS . officers for the guardianship of our cosmopolitan youth. An Aftermath . DOOLEY ON THE LABOR SITUATION. The mayor of Milwaukee thinks that great city "It was diff'rent whin I was a young man, Hin- has not sufficient funds with which to increase the wages of its teachers a few dollars per month. The nisy. In thim days, capital an' labor was friendly, school board, however, thought otherwise and or labor was. Capital was like a father to labor, promptly vetoed His Honor's veto and the increase givin' it its boord an' lodgin's. Nayther inther- goes into effect Jan. 3, 1905. All right, Milwaukee, fered with th' other. Capital wint on capitalizin' you have done nobly. Now just go after some of an' labor wint on laborin'. In thim golden days your corporations that get out of paying three- a wurkin' man was an honest artisan. That's what fourths of their taxes by putting up an insignificant license fee. Then your mayor will have little ex- he was proud to be called. Th' week before illic- cuse for crying "lack of funds" when the teachers tion he had his pitcher in th' funny papers. He ask for living wages ; and, perhaps, you will then wore a square pa-paper cap an' a leather apron, an' be able to tear down some of those barracks and he had his ar-rm ar-round capital-a rosy binivolint substitute therefor school houses with systems of ol' guy with a plug hat and eye-glasses. They was ventilation, modern heating appliances, and other goin' to th' polls together to vote for simple ol' cap- hygienic necessities which civilized communities de- ital. Capital an' labor walked ar-rm in ar-rm in- mand and secure for the housing of their little ones stead iv havin' both hands free as at prisint. Cap- two hundred days in the year. Wisconsin Journal ital was contint to be capital, an' labor was used to of Education. bein' labor. Capital come ar-round an' felt the ar- rm iv labor wonst in awhile an' ivry year Mrs. Cap- . GIVE THE PEOPLE A CHANCE . ital called on Mrs. Labor an' congratylated her on her score. Th' pride iv ivry artisan was to wurruk Elect the Board of Education . as long at his task as th' boss cud afford to pay th' Chicago Law Journal, Oct. 28, 1904. gas bill. In return f-r his fidelity he got a turkey ivry year. At Chris'mas time, capital gathered his The greatest Board of Education in the world in happy fam'ly around him, an' in th' prisince iv th' any community and one whose power is higher ladies iv th' neighborhood give thim a short ora- than any board, constituted under the law, is that tion. 'Me brave la-ads,' says he, 'we've had a good board which consists of the fathers, mothers and year. (Cheers.) I have made a millyon dollars. guardians of minor children of scholastic age, and (Sinsation.) I attribute this to me supeeryor skill, if the power of this board, the results of which must aided be ye'er arnest efforts at th' bench an' at th' leave its impress upon our civic life, is delegated forge. ( Sobs. ) Ye have done so well that we don't to a commission or board under the law, it cer- need so many iv us as we did. (Long and contin- tainly appears to us that such a board should be so yous cheerin' . ) Those iv us who can do two men's constituted that it shall at all times be obliged to keep its ear to the ground for the direction of its wurruk will remain, an' if possible, do four. Our other faithful sarvints,' he says, 'can come back in conduct by public opinion, and the members thereof th' spring,' he says, 'if alive,' he says. And the be responsible to the electorate for the tenure of bold artysans tossed their pa-aper caps in th' air an' their public positions, instead of being answerable give three cheers f'r capital. They wurruked till as they are now, to one man, and that man being ol' age crept on thim, an' thin retired to live on th' whomsoever holds the office of mayor of the city wish bones and kind wurruds they had accumy- of Chicago. lated.- Post Dispatch. To remove this office from a position of appoint- ment to one of election, would be to bring a most wholesome spirit of personal independence in the We have given considerable space this week to office-holder, subject only to the power that created the work of the Wisconsin State Teachers' Associa- him and guided by the mighty force of public opin- tion at its late meeting-Milwaukee. ion, and not subject to the caprice of local politics The teachers of Wisconsin are not only awake or the subterfuges of local political expediency as to to the paramount need of the schools to-day, CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 5 namely, better conditions for teachers and an intelli- United States . Where it touches state interests it is gent public appreciation of existing conditions and subject to the constitution and laws of the state. their effects on the education of the children, but But in local business and affairs distinctly munici- also realize that it is the function of the State pal the city is sovereign. In this field it shall act Teachers' Association to keep abreast with the best without interference or control by the legislature. educational thought and to give it forceful ex- And beyond this field it shall be free to act within pression. the limitations of state and national law. The teachers of Wisconsin and New Jersey are Under this power the city may issue bonds; hold, to be congratulated on their success in making use, mortgage, lease or sell property, real or per- their state organizations truly representative edu- sonal, for any lawful purpose ; own and operate any cational bodies. public utility ; annex territory with assent of the THE NEW CHARTER. people of such territory and of the city, upon referendum vote of each ; levy, assess and collect taxes, and do any other act not inconsistent with Mass Meeting to Discuss President Mark's Charter paramount law as above stated." Recommendations . 1 In response to the communication sent by the MEETING OF ENGLEWOOD WOMAN'S CLUB . Charter Committee of the Board of Education to the President of the Chicago Federation of Labor, ask- The meeting of the Englewood Woman's club ing that body to discuss President Mark's letter and Monday afternoon, Jan. 9, offered some unusual present its findings on same and other suggestions features in a presentation of a decidedly one-sided on needed school legislation, the Federation decided "discussion" of the letter of President Mark. The to call a mass meeting and invite the President of readers of the Bulletin will remember that the Civic the Board of Education and the Superintendent of Federation through its committee, Rev. R. A. Schools to represent the Board of Education and White, Orville T. Bright and James E. Armstrong, : representatives chosen by the Teachers' Federation presented to the last session of the legislature a bill : to speak for the teachers. similar to the Harper Bill of 1899. The Teachers' i This action was taken by the Federation of La- Federation sought representation on this commit- bor at its special meeting held Jan. 8 for the pur- tee which was denied. pose of hearing the report of its charter committee. The Englewood Woman's club assuming that The committee recommended a bill to be enacted by there was but one opinion on President Mark's let- the legislature providing for a Charter Convention ter and that it covered entirely all that was desirable 1 for Chicago which was also adopted. The reason or feasible in the educational chapter of the new for this action is given in the following preamble charter had invited Messrs. White and Bright and to the bill: Supt. Cooley to open the discussion and sixteen "Recognizing the inherent right of cities to home principals and teachers-presumably-to say 1 rule in the matter of framing their respective char- Amen, as no differing view could be properly ters, but also realizing that under existing laws Chi- presented in the five minutes allowed to each of the cago has not the power to exercise this right, we aforesaid principals and teachers in which to ex- ! recommend the following bill to be enacted by the press their views. Mr. White made the opening legislature of the State of llinois providing for a talk, Supt. Cooley being absent, for which he charter convention for Chicago, to enable the citi- was given unlimited time and latitude, and later in zens of Chicago to draft a charter for the govern- the meeting was twice a speaker-under similar ment of Chicago." conditions. Mr. Bright was also accorded the priv- The bill provides for the nomination by petition ilege of unrestricted time and it was only when the and election at large of delegates to a Chicago gavel fell once or twice during the remarks of suc- Charter Convention with power to frame a charter ceeding speakers that the evidently anomalous atti- for Chicago, the same to be afterward submitted tude of the club in granting so much to some and for approval to the legislature and to the voters of so little to others impelled its members to adopt a Chicago as required by law. motion made by Dr. Cornelia De Bey that Miss All civic organizations were invited to co-operate Haley be given twenty minutes in which to present with the Federation of Labor in securing the enact- the points which the teachers desired embodied in ment of this bill by the legislature. The following the Educational Chapter and their program for se- provision covering the general powers to be con- curing them. Miss Haley earlier in the meeting had ferred on Chicago by the new charter was also declined to attempt to voice the teachers' sentiments adopted. It is a complete Home Rule measure, in- in five minutes and while as a matter of justice the cluding local self government for Chicago in the same privileges as to time and latitude of views matter of the schools : should have been accorded all who came in a repre- "The city shall have entire control of its streets, sentative capacity, the lateness of the hour and the local franchises and public utilities, roads, parks, evident and honest misunderstanding of the pro- fire, water, gas and electric light services, street gram arrangements which had been made induced railways, local telephone exchange and other dis- her to accept the "half loaf" offered and on being tinctly municipal affairs. invited to the platform she at once placed before In respect to safety, order, health, education, gen- the audience the six questions published last week, eral commerce and communication, and other state and the vote. These questions covered many of interests, the city shall be free to act in any way President Mark's suggestions and took up also the it deems best, provided it does not run counter to question of the elimination of inefficient teachers state law. Where it touches national interest the and the creation of a stable salary fund. The gavel city is subject to the constitution and laws of the cut off any further elucidation of the subjects on 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. her part although abundant time was again accorded Mr. White whose remarks consumed nearly all the FOR RENT -West Side. time remaining. An unusual chance for persons looking for Miss Haley, who understood that she was to comfortable home, with real home cooking. One present the views of the teachers, was present on back parlor large enough for two; one small bed- the invitation of Mrs. Edwin F. Rowland, presi- room. Convenient transportation. dent of the club. 971 MONROE ST. Mr. Armstrong, Dr. Tompkins, Mr. Hunt, Miss Kellogg and Mr. Hall each spoke very briefly and the president, Mrs. Rowland, was instructed to ap- point a committee of three to draft resolutions ex- The University Lecture Association pressing the sentiment of the club, these resolutions IN CO-OPERATION WITH to be first presented to the club for discussion, The Art Institute amendment or revision of any kind. CATHARINE GOGGIN . ANNOUNCES TWO SERIES OF FIVE LECTURES EACH BY CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION. WILLIAM NORMAN The regular meeting of the Chicago Teachers' Federation will be held at 412 Masonic Temple, GUTHRIE . A. M. January 14, 1905, 10:30 a. m. Author of "Modern Poet Prophets, " : The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teachers' "Songs of American Destiny," eto . Federation will meet Monday, January 16, at 4 Fullerton Memorial Hall, Art Institute p. m., in Room 437, Unity Bldg . FLORENCE E. TENNERRY, The Contemporary Poetic Drama Saturdays, eleven o'clock Cor. Secretary. January 14-Ibsen January 21 -Hauptmann, Wilbrandt and Suder- Teachers are invited to attend the first of a series mann of lessons in the study of sacred songs, conducted by January 28-Maeterlinck February 11-Rostand and d'Annunzio Mr. W. L. Tomlins beginning Tuesday evening, February 18-Hovey, Phillips, and Yeats Jan. 17. It is thought that many of the teachers who were privileged to attend Mr. Tomlins' classes " Mystic Art " last winter will be glad to avail themselves of the Wednesdays, four o'clock opportunity again to study under this loved and well January 18-Art Criticismand EvolutionaryTheory known master . January 25-The Didactic Element in Art ATRANA February 1-The Spiritual Uses ofArt There are to be ten lessons in the course, tuition February 8-William Blake and Mystic Art, Part $2.50. I. (Illustrated) *February 15-William Blake and Mystic Art, Part TO TEACHERS II. (Illustrated) *Delivered at 2:30 P. М. LOANS BY A TEACHER Double Course Ticket $5.50 At Live and Let Live Low Rates Course Ticket 2.00 Single Admission .30 "First aid to the injured" in pocket promptly rendered. On saleat University Extension Office, Cobb Hall,University of L. A., Care of Federation Bulletin, 437 Unity Building. Chicago, and A. C. McClurg & Co.,815 Wabash Ave. , Chicago You Dine Well on the California Limited Harvey dining-car meals Unequalled in the world Santa Fe All transcontinental travelers say so All the Way Sunny Jim would soon lose his lean look on Harvey fare Chicago and Kansas City to Los Angeles and San Francisco Ask J. M. Connell, of A. T. & S. F. Ry., 109 Adams Street, Chicago. 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 7 PIANO BUYERS Find Strong Temptation -IN- January Sale -OF- L The Manufacturers Annual Clearing at the Kimball Warerooms Means Much for Enrichment of the Home Life. Extraordinary piano buying continues at the Manufacturers' Warerooms, 248Wabash Ave., S. W. Corner Jackson Blvd. Besides being apowerful ap- pealto the money-saving motive, this sale includes many instruments of the highest type of the piano maker's art. Kimball Pianos are the product of a home factory. For years their praiseshave been sung by the world's masters in music. They are within reach of the purchaser of limited means, for they go directly from the great Kimball factories to the home. Unlimited resources of the producers enable them to give the purchaser possession of the instrument while making payment; hencethewisdom of many purchasers anticipating their wants by several months, for rarely do conditions bring such mighty inducements. i FOR JANUARY ONLY New Eastern Plano and Kimball Plano Player, regular price............ $ 445 20 Rolls of Music, for operating the Player ... 20 Total ...... .... $ 465 Special Offer, complete . ... $275 Easy Payments if Desired. W. W. KIMBALL CO. (BSTABLISHED 1887) : Southwest Corner Wabash Ave. and Jackson Blvd. 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CARSON PIRIE SCOTT & CO. STATE AND MADISON STREETS—Building formerly occupied by H. G. Selfridge&Co., andby Schlesinger & Mayer. Telephone, Private Exchange,2. " We Find Everything Here Far Beyond Expectation" That was the unvarying comment of visitors during our Autumn Opening. Such emphatic approval of what we have accomplished, after only two weeks in the new location, is our war- rant for repeating: We have the Facilities, the Merchandise and the Prices to make this the most satisfactory shopping place in Chicago. Every day, as the house organization settles into the new surroundings, brings improvement. THE BASEMENT STORE offers remarkable values every day. New goods at very low prices. Broken lines from the old store at sharp reductions from closing out sale price there. Interesting New Silks and Velvets. THEtheBurlinghamsand Burlingham sacking rough silk suitings, thedaintyWarpPrintpompadour effectsand broad tail velours, the warm rich colored mousseline and chiffon dress velvets, with the hundred or more other weaves, make an attractive collection that will repay a visit. Second Floor Imported SatinMessaline-sheer beautiful quality-ahappy purchase of an importer's delayed shipment, enables us to offer 50 piece in a splendid assortment of colors, including white and ivory, at a sale price; a yard ....... $1.00 Shirt Waist Sulting Silks-Special new designs Mousseline Bengalines-An imported silk and PlaidTaffetas-Clan colorings as well as the in the small faconne on checks; 75c we offer unusual values at $1 and .. wool dress fabric and a fashion- able one; desirable; all colors, yard 85c modest French tones; leading val- ues-yard, 81.25, $1.00 and...........85c Plain Louisines, Peau de Cygnes, Crepe de Chines, Taffetas-unequaled at 85c, 75c and 58c. BLACK SILKS VELVETS We are generously proud of our new possession, the celebrated Moleskin, velour and broad tail velvets for cloaks at lowest "Moneybak." long wearing black dress silks. With the pur- chase ofeach dress you carry genuine silk insurance. $1.25 prices. Mousseline chiffon silk velvets, newbrowns, $1.50 terra cotta, leather, $2.50, $2.00 and ...... Ayard, 82.00, $1.50 and. Black paon and chiffon velvets from $1.00 85c black silk crepe de chines and taffetas, genuine bar- gains... 68c $5.00 Odd lot of all silk Lyons velvets, 85.00 quality, good color assort 75c imported black taffetas-special ment, many of the season's new shades, reduced ...58c to ....... $2.50 Box Hoisery Sale: Prices Lower Than Ever. Importations for H. G. Selfridge & Co. to Be Disposed Of. THAT tells the reasonwhyweare ina position to make this arecord-breaking boxhosierysale. Thousands of dozens of pairs ordered abroad for, and stamped with name of H. G. Selfridge & Co. came to us when we parchased this business. It is all new, desirable merchandise. But we desire to have on our shelves only the Eiffel brand hosiery. Hence these prices. Firstfloor. WOMEN'S HOSE . MEN'S HOSE . Reg. price, Perbox, Reg. price, Perbox, Reg.price, Perbox, perpair. Sixpairs. per pair. Sixpairs. perpair. Sixpairs, 50c Black cotton, with linen 250 Black cotton double sole or 250 Black cotton, double sole, $1.00 heel and toes .... $1.00 spliced double sole, heels and split sole.... toes $2.15 350Blackcotton white double or split $ 1.25 35cBlack lisle, fine gauge; black cotton, split sole or white ... foot $1.35 75c Black cotton, brilliant mer- cerized black gauze lisle or $2.50 400 Black cotton fine gauze.......$ 1.50 black cotton, extra heavy ...... 400Black lisleorcotton, and ribbed top........ split sole $1.65 $1.00 Black brilliant lisle or $4.00 500Black cotton, double sole, $ 1.75 black cotton .. 60cFine Egyptian, black cotton, 50cBlack lisle thread; very fine or split sole or white feet....... $2.00 750 plain black fine cotton or splitsole, blackcotton,veryfine, $1.85 thread or split sole........ four $5.00 mercerized... $2.50 Children's 35c linen knee hose, outwear all other kinds, 3 pairs for 75c. In the Basement Store: Women's plainblack cotton, box of six pairs, 65c, 75c, $1, $1.15. Men's, 45c, 60с, 75c. Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin Vol. IV. CHICAGO , JANUARY 20, 1905. No. 8. IS IT FAIR? senting over 25,000 members, recently endorsed the Fourteen years ago Wyoming women had been bill which has been approved by important organ- voting for twenty-two years on every matter and for izations like Chicago Women's Club, Catholic every officer. The women of Kansas and of almost Woman's League, Morrison Every Monday Club, all Great Britain's possessions had municipal suf- Illinois Equal Suffrage Association, Englewood frage, and women in many states had school suf- Woman's Club, Lake View Woman's Club, Illinois frage. The Illinois Legislature then, in 1891 , Woman's Christian Temperance Union, Neighbor- moved by the prevailing spirit of progress, began hood House Woman's Club, Chicago Teachers' Fed- to enfranchise Illinois women by extending to them eration, Maywood Woman's Club, Evanston Wo- the school suffrage. But this proved to be not full man's Club, Ella F. Young Club, Hull House Wo- school suffrage, but a pitifully small portion of man's Club and Chicago Commons Woman's Club. school suffrage, for Illinois women cannot vote for The bill which is to be presented is as follows : County Superintendent of Schools, nor for State A BILL Superintendent of Public Instruction, nor for mem- bers of the Board of Education, in Chicago and in For an Act granting women the right to vote for certain other cities, nor are they allowed to vote on Presidential electors and certain other officers, and any matter or proposition relating to schools. to participate and vote in certain matters and elec- Since 1891 every Illinois Legislature has been tions. asked to extend this suffrage, but never have suf- Section 1. Be it enacted by the people of the frage measures passed more than one house. Dur- State of Illinois, represented in the General Assem- ing many sessions the petitions for the woman suf- bly, that all women, citizens of the United States, frage measure outnumbered those presented for above the age of 21 years, having resided in the any other bill. state one year, in the county ninety days, and in the While Illinois legislators have been refusing to election district thirty days next preceding any elec- enfranchise further its own women, other countries tion therein, shall be allowed to vote at such election and other states have been more progressive, and for Presidential electors , member of the State Board as a result the advance of woman suffrage else- of Equalization, Clerk of the Appellate Court, Coun- where, during the last fourteen years has never been ty Collector, County Surveyor, members of Board equaled in any other fourteen years. of Assessors, members of Board of Review, Sani- The following mentioned places have extended tary District Trustees and for all officers of cities, suffrage to women recently : villages and towns ( except police magistrates) and 1893- New Zealand, full suffrage ; Colorado, full upon all questions or propositions submitted to a suffrage ; Connecticut, school suffrage. vote of the electors of such municipalities or other 1894-Ohio, school suffrage ; Iowa, school suf- political divisions of this state. frage; England, parish and district suffrage. Sec. 2. All such women may also vote for the 1895-South Australia, full suffrage. following township officers : Supervisor, Town 1896-Utah, full suffrage; Idaho, full suffrage. Clerk, Assessor, Collector and Highway Commis- 1898-Ireland, municipal and county suffrage to sioner, and may also participate and vote in all an- single women and widows ; Minnesota, library trus- nual and special town meetings in the township in tee suffrage ; Louisiana, tax matter suffrage ; Dela- which such election district shall be . ware, school suffrage ; France, tribunals of com- Sec. 3. Separate ballot boxes and ballots shall merce suffrage. be provided for women which ballots shall contain 1900-W. Australia, parliamentary suffrage. the names of the candidates for such offices which 1901-New York, tax suffrage to tax-paying are to be voted for and the special questions sub- women in towns and villages. mitted as aforesaid, and the ballots cast by women 1901-Norway, municipal suffrage. shall be canvassed with the other ballots cast for 1902-Australia, full national suffrage. such officers and on such questions. At any such 1903-Kansas, bond suffrage ; Tasmania, full election where registration is required, women shall suffrage. register in the same manner as male voters . The women of many Illinois organizations are The extension of such rights is within the power united in asking the present legislature to vote for of the Legislature, for with the exception of Presi- a bill which would extend to them all the suffrage dential electors the Legislature has created the it can without the expense and delay of a constitu- various positions which are filled by these officials . tional amendment. So their election need not be by voters having the The Illinois Federation of Women's Clubs, repre- qualifications specified in the constitution, but may 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . be by such persons and in such manner as the Leg- inals . These are not allowed the honor of the elec- islature may prescribe. tive franchise. Is it fair to class Illinois women The supreme courts of various states have decid- with imbeciles, lunatics, paupers, minors and crim- ed that the Legislature has unlimited power in pre- inals ? scribing restrictions on the right of franchise and in making extensions of this right in elections of STOP RUIN OF GIRLS . statutory officers not named in the constitution. Belles vs. Burr, 76 Mich. 1 ; Wheeler vs. Brady, Mrs. Catharine Waugh M'Culloch Calls on People of 15 Kan. 26 ; State vs. Cones, 15 Neb. 444; Destine Illinois to Act-Demands New Legislation- Points Out That Children Are Left Un- vs. Dubuque, 7 Iowa, 286 ; State vs. Board of Elec- protected After the Age of 14. tions, 9 Ohio Cir. Ct. 134 ; Wood vs. Quimby ( R. I.) , 40 Atl. 163 ; Hanna vs. Young (Md. ) , 35 (Record-Herald, Jan. 8.) Atl. 675; State vs. Dillon, 32 Fla. 566; Mor- To the Editor :-The age fixed by the Illinois rison vs. Springer, 15 Iowa, 342 ; Woodley vs. law for protecting a girl's person from licentious Town Council of Clio, 44 S. C. 374; Wilson vs. assault is 14 years. This is called "the age of con- Florence, 39 S. C. 397 ; Wilson vs. Florence, 40 S. sent, " because after that age a girl is held suffi- C. 290 ; Town of Valverde vs. Shattuck, 19 Col. ciently wise and mature to consent to her own ruin, 110 ; Kimball vs. Hendee, 57 N. J. 307 ; Landis vs. and should she consent her seducer cannot be pun- Ashworth, 57 N. J. 509 ; Chamberlain vs. Cran- ished. Even should she merely fail to struggle to bury, 57 N. J. 605 ; Harris vs. Burr ( Ore.) , 52 Pac . the limit of endurance, she would be held under Rep. R. 20. the law to have consented, and no punishment The Illinois courts have also upheld such power would follow upon the perpetrator of the wrong. of the legislature. People vs. English, 139 Ill. 631 ; This is inconsistent with Illinois legislation con- Plummer vs. Yost, 144 Ill. 68 ; Ackerman VS. cerning a girl's ability to give her consent on other Henck, 147 Ill. 514 ; Dorsey vs. Brigham, 177 Ill. important matters. Not until she is 18 can she give 256; Davenport vs. Drainage Com., 25 Ill. App. a legal consent to marriage. Before that time the 92; People vs. Welsh, 70 Ill. App. 641 ; People vs. law holds her too incapable and untrained to decide Nelson, 133 Ill. 565 . wisely for her whole future life, too immature These Illinois cases sustain the power of the Leg- physically to risk the perils of maternity. Even islature to extend the suffrage to women in the her future offspring's vitality will be injured by election of officers not named in the Constitution. too early maternity. Not only have our courts upheld such power of Asks Protection for Girls. the Legislature, but the Legislature continues to A girl's property is protected from the conse- exercise such power, and the persons named by the quences of her foolish bargains until she is 18 years Legislature continue to vote, without question, for old. Is not a girl's chastity greater in value than such officials. The drainage act of 1885 provides her property ? Only in your eyes, gentle reader; that adult owners of land shall petition for the not in the eyes of the law. The law says her prop- drainage district, and that every adult owner of erty is more valuable and must be protected four land shall be a voter. Under this law women peti- years longer. tion and vote ; and bonds issued by these districts , Much might be told of the injury to society- organized by the help of women's votes, are held when the wronged, scorned girl, unable to support good in commercial circles and by our courts. herself and child, leaves the baby on some one's Davenport vs. Drainage Commissioners, 25 Ill. doorstep, and, hardened and discouraged, goes App. 92. The Legislature, by the sanitary district down to the depths of willful vice and becomes her- act of 1889, provided a modified system of cumu- self a tempter of others. Most of the inmates of lative voting, whereby the elector must vote for houses of ill-fame are those who as girls were thus five-ninths of the candidates for positions as sani- wronged in their early teens. Four-fifths of the tary district trustees. This method was not known many girls at present in the Erring Woman's to the Constitution. The validity of this act was es- Refuge are under 18 years of age. tablished by our Supreme Court in Wilson vs. These wrongs to girlhood are done to the daugh- Board of Trustees, 133 Ill. 443. The legality of ters of the very poor, the helpless. The fiends who such measures is therefore well settled in Illinois . seek such victims do not select them from the well- The constitutional right of the Legislature to to-do, the resourceful, the intelligent. pass this bill is proved by the above citations. The Raise Age of Consent to 18. desire of the organized women of the state for suf- If the age of the protection of girls' chastity were frage is proved by their numerous resolutions. The raised from 14 to 18-the age of consent for mar- approval of woman suffrage by the leading men of riage, the age of the protection of property-the lit- Illinois is shown by their published opinions and by tle daughter of the poor would know more of the the fact that the political parties of Illinois in great- world, more of the laws of life, and could better er numbers than ever before endorsed woman suf- protect herself from assault. frage. For the protection of its own weakest citizens Illi- Is it fair for the Illinois Legislature to continue to nois ought to take this step, but if she has no high- ignore the requests of its leading women and men ? er motive than state pride she should recount the Is it fair for this Legislature to evade its constitu- names of more progressive commonwealths in our tional privilege of more fully enfranchising women ? own country where a girl's chastity is protected un- Is it fair for Illinois women to be branded as til the girl is 18 years of age. * * * inferior to the women of other states and coun- Illinois Is Far Behind. tries ? In Illinois the other disfranchised classes The following table shows the states in which the are imbeciles, lunatics and paupers when outside age of consent is higher than in Illinois : their legal residence, minors and unpardoned crim- (Continued on page 6. ) CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 3 OFFICIAL LIST OF STATE OFFICERS. FORTY- FOURTH GENERAL ASSEMBLY. Representatives. As Published by James A. Rose, Secretary. Governor-Charles S. Deneen, Chicago. (Elected Nov. 8, 1904.) Lieutenant Governor-Lawrence Y. Sherman, Macomb. 1-Francis P. Brady, 1311 Michigan ave., Chicago Secretary of State-James A. Rose, Golconda. (Rep. ) ; Edward D. Green, 2637 LaSalle st. , Chicago Auditor of Public Accounts-James S. McCullough, Ur- (Rep.) ; Samuel W. Arrand, 1355 Wabash ave., Chicago bana. (Dem.) . Treasurer-Len Small, Kankakee. 2-Paul I. Zaabel, 867 W. Taylor st. , Chicago (Rep. ) ; Superintendent of Public Instruction-Alfred Bayliss, Frank J. McNichols, 520 S. Winchester av., Chicago Streator. (Rep.) ; Frank D. Comerford, 904 W. 12th st. boul., Chi- Attorney General-William H. Stead, Ottawa. cago (Dem. ) . The Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of State, 3-Daniel Buettner, 2469 Archer ave., Chicago (Rep. ) ; Auditor, Treasurer and Attorney General were elected Nov. Walter E. Beebe, 169 Oakwood boul., Chicago ( Rep. ) ; 8, 1904, for a term of four years. The Superintendent of John P. Walsh, 728 E. 31st st., Chicago (Dem. ) . Public Instruction was elected Nov. 4, 1902, for a term of 4-Emil O. Kowalski, 150 W. 44th st., Chicago (Rep. ) ; four years. John C. Russell, 4347 Wentworth ave. , Chicago (Dem ) ; Trustees of the University of Illinois (Elected Nov. 8, Joseph A. Ambroz, 5131 S. Winchester ave., Chicago 1904) : Mary E. Busey, Chicago; Charles Davison, Chi- (Soc.). cago; William L. Abbott, Chicago. 5-Aaron Norden, 4807 Forestville ave. , Chicago FORTY - FOURTH GENERAL ASSEMBLY. (Rep. ) ; William H. McSurely, 5037 Washington ave., Chi- Senators. cago ( Rep. ) ; John P. McGoorty, 6204 Kimbark ave., Chi- (Senators in odd numbered districts were elected Nov. 4, cago (Dem.) . 1902; those in even numbered districts were elected Nov. 8, 6-John W. Hill, 57 Surrey court, Chicago ( Rep. ) ; 1904.) John C. Williams, 1307 Chicago ave. , Evanston (Rep. ) ; 1-George William Dixon, 299 Fifth ave., Chicago. M. L. McKinley, 345 Eastwood ave., Chicago (Dem.) . ( Rep.) 7-George Struckman, Bartlett ( Rep. ) ; Louis J. Pier- 2 -Homer K. Galpin, 729 W. Monroe st., Chicago. son, Wilmette ( Rep.) ; John W. Farley, 111 7th ave., La- Grange (Dem. ) . (Rep.) 3-Michael E. Maher, 583 27th st., Chicago. ( Dem.) 8-Frank R. Covey, 288 W. Hurlbut ave., Belvidere 4-Patrick J. McShane, 5230 Dearborn st., Chicago. (Rep. ) ; Edward D. Shurtleff, Marengo ( Rep.) ; Dennis ( Rep.) E. Gibbons, Waukegan (Dem. ) . 5-Francis W. Parker, 1410 Marquette bldg., Chicago. 9-David E. Shanahan, 185 Dearborn ave., Chicago (Rep.) (Rep. ) ; Anton J. Cermak, 444 W. 25th st. , Chicago 6 -William M. Brown, 223 Eastwood ave., Chicago. (Dem. ) ; Andrew Olson, 305 W. 24th st., Chicago ( Soc .) . (Rep.) 10-Wilbur B. McHenry, 409 Holland st., Rochelle 7-John Humphrey, 1311 Ashland blk., Chicago. ( Rep.) (Rep.) ; Frederick Haines, 1621 National ave., Rockford 8-Albert N. Tiffany, Antioch . ( Rep.) (Rep. ) ; Charles E. Martin, Seward (Dem. ) . 9-Edward J. Rainey, 3622 S. Union ave., Chicago. 11-Chester W. Church, 9226 Longwood ave., Chicago (Dem.) (Rep.) ; Nicholas J. Nagel, 5552 Princeton ave., Chicago 10-Andrew J. Anderson, 942 Kishwaukee st., Rockford. (Rep. ) ; John R. Reilly, 6308 S. Ashland ave., Chicago ( Rep.) (Dem. ) . 11-Carl Lundberg, 5951 Sangamon st., Chicago. (Rep.) 12-William W. Gillespie, Savanna (Rep. ) ; James E. Taggart, Ridott ( Rep. ) ; Douglas Pattison, Freeport 12-John C. McKenzie, Elizabeth. ( Rep. ) (Dem.) . 13-Albert C. Clark, 7137 Euclid ave. , Chicago. ( Rep. ) 13-Benton F. Kleeman, 11417 Michigan ave., Chicago 14-Henry H. Evans, Aurora. (Rep. ) (Rep. ) ; William T. Monroe, 6639 Kimbark ave., Chicago 15-Cyril R. Jandus, 233 W. 20th st., Chicago. (Dem. ) 16- Ira M. Lish, Saunemin. (Rep.) (Rep. ) ; John J. Poulton, 9131 Exchange ave., Chicago (Dem.). 17-John Powers, 79 Macalister pl., Chicago. (Dem. ) 14-Charles T. Cherry, Oswego ( Rep. ) ; Charles H. -George B. Sucher, 611 Pennsylvania ave., Peoria. 18 Backus, Hampshire (Rep. ) ; John W. Linden, 220 Grove (Dem.) st. , Aurora ( Dem. ) . 19-Frank C. Farnum, 1064 Wilcox ave. , Chicago. (Rep.) 15-James P. Cavanagh, 162 W. 18th st., Chicago ( Rep. ) ; 20-Edward C. Curtis, Grant Park. (Rep. ) William J. Laskowski, 786 S. Ashland ave., Chicago 21-Daniel A. Campbell, 1301 Chamber of Commerce, (Dem. ) ; Dennis J. Egan, 154 W. 18th st., Chicago (Dem.) . Chicago. ( Rep. ) 16-Josiah Kerrick, Minonk ( Rep. ) ; Harrison T. Ire- 22-William M. Acton, 501 Franklin st., Danville. (Rep.) land, Washburn ( Rep. ) ; John P. Moran, Fairbury (Dem. ) . 23-Niels Juul, 433 Potomac ave., Chicago. (Rep.) 17-Edward J. Smejkal, 77 Bunker st. , Chicago (Rep. ) ; 24-Henry M. Dunlap, Savoy. (Rep. ) Edward J. Glackin, 265 S. Morgan st., Chicago (Dem. ) ; 25-Joseph F. Haas, 90 E. Madison st. , Chicago. ( Rep.) Edward W. Gillispie, 440 W. Harrison st., Chicago 26-George W. Stubblefield, 1405 N. Main st., Bloom- (Dem.) . ington. (Rep.) 18-John Dailey, 1217 Knoxville ave., Peoria ( Rep. ) ; 27-Stanley H. Kunz, 685 Noble st., Chicago. ( Dem. ) Otis S. Mills, Chillicothe (Rep.) ; Daniel R. Sheen, 123 28 -James A. Henson, 1012 S. Polk st. , Decatur. (Rep. ) Crescent ave., Peoria ( Pro. ) . 29-Harry G. Hall, 181 Superior st. , Chicago. (Rep. ) 19-Charles A. Schumacher, 2092 W. 26th st., Chicago 30-Geo . W. Cunningham, 414 S. 6th st., Pekin. (Dem. ) (Rep.) ; James M. Kittleman, Berwyn (Rep. ) ; Richard E. 31-Carl Mueller, 84 LaSalle st., Chicago. ( Rep. ) Burke, 1523 W. Van Buren st., Chicago (Dem. ) . 32-Orville F. Berry, Carthage. (Rep.) 20-Horace Russell, Milford (Rep.) ; Israel Dudgeon, 33-Levi S. McCabe, Rock Island. (Rep. ) Morris ( Rep.) ; Frank M. Crangle, Watseka (Dem.) . 34-Stanton C. Pemberton, Oakland. ( Rep.) 21-William H. Troyer, 220 N. Central Park ave., Chi- 35-Charles H. Hughes, Dixon. ( Rep. ) cago ( Rep . ) ; Frederick E. Erickson, 256 N. Carpenter st., 36-Thomas D. Bare, Hardin. (Rep.) Chicago ( Rep. ) ; Benjamin M. Mitchell, 36 N. Sacramento 37-James W. Templeton, Princeton. (Rep. ) ave. , Chicago ( Dem. ) . 38- Frank W. Burton, Carlinville. ( Dem. ) 22-Charles A. Allen, Hoopeston (Rep.) ; J. Russ Grace, 39-Corbus P. Gardner, Mendota. ( Rep. ) Chrisman ( Rep. ) ; Clay F. Gaumer, Alvin ( Pro. ) . 40-George D. Chafee, Shelbyville. ( Rep. ) 23-Henry W. Austin, 217 Lake st., Oak Park (Rep. ) ; 41-Richard J. Barr, Joliet. ( Rep. ) Christopher Beck, 793 N. Kedzie ave., Chicago (Rep.) ; 42-Charles E. Hull, Salem. (Dem .) Joseph Grein, 670 W. Chicago ave., Chicago (Dem. ) . 43-Leon A. Townsend, Galesburg. (Rep.) 24-Julius N. Rodman, Deland (Rep.) ; John R. Pogue, 44-Robert J. McElvain, Murphysboro. ( Rep. ) Sullivan (Rep. ) ; Peter P. Schaefer, Champaign (Dem.) . 45-Thomas Rees, Springfield. (Dem.) 25-Herman H. Breidt, 2710 Milwaukee ave., Chicago 46-John L. Houser, Calhoun. (Rep. ) (Rep.); Robert E. Pendarvis, 1537 N. 71st ct., Chicago 47-Louis E. Walter, Alton, ( Rep . ) (Rep.) ; Frank J. Wilson, 2533 N. 45th ave., Chicago 48 -Jesse Bartley, Shawneetown. ( Rep. ) (Dem.) . 49-R. Sherman Hamilton, Marissa. (Rep. ) 26-Cassius M. Coyle, Gridley (Rep.) ; A. L. Phillips, 50-O. H. Burnett, Marion. (Rep.) - (Continued on page 4.) 51-Douglas W. Helm, Metropolis. (Rep. ) 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION (Continued from page 3.) Gibson City ( Rep. ) ; Paul Finnan, 802 S. Main st., Bloom- BULLETIN ington (Dem. ) . 27-Albert Glade, 9 N. Curtis st., Chicago (Rep.) ; Dan- Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, iel V. McDonough, 84 S. Center ave., Chicago (Dem.) Dem.) ; Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, Joseph S. Geshkewich, 674 Milwaukee ave, Chicago December23, 1901. (Dem.) . 28 -John G. Oglesby, Elkhart (Rep. ) ; J. R. Robinson, THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the Farmer City ( Rep.) ; James M. Gray, 452 Prairie ave year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of Decatur (Dem. ) . AprilandDecember, by the Chicago Teachers' Federation. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single 29-Samuel E. Erickson, 57 Locust st., Chicago (Rep. ) ; copies, Five Cents. Bernard F. Clettenberg, 126 Larrabee st., Chicago ( Rep.) ; ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received byTuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. Patrick J. Sullivan, 118 Chestnut st., Chicago (Dem. ) . ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to 30 - Louis Zinger, 29 Fourth st., Pekin (Rep.) ; Walter theorder of the Federation Bulletin. I. Manny, 235 W. Main st., Mt. Sterling (Dem.) ; J. : THE EDITOR, Joseph Cooke, 810 Jefferson st. , Beardstown (Dem.) . 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO. 31- Charles E. Erby, 254 Lincoln ave., Chicago ( Rep. ) ; Business office hours, 9 a m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. Lewis Rinaker, 1224 Sheffield ave., Chicago (Rep. ) ; John C. Werdell, 82 Mohawk st., Chicago (Dem. ) . 32 -Everitt C. Hardın, Monmouth ( Rep.) ; J. Edward Harris, Bushnell (Rep.) ; William McKinley, Monmouth ILLINOIS FEDERATION OF WOMEN'S CLUBS . (Dem.) . 33- Lawrence M. Magill, Moline ( Rep. ) ; Monroe G. LEGISLATIVE COMMITTEE . Reynolds, Aledo (Rep. ) ; George W. McCaskrin, 17152 2d ave. , Rock Island (Ind.) . TEACHERS BULL -2 .... CHIT Resolutions Indorsing Elected Board of Education for 34-D. B. Miller, Casey (Rep. ) ; Carl S. Burgett, New- Chicago . man ( Rep.) ; Isaac B. Craig, Mattoon ( Dem. ) . 35-John B. Castle, Sandwich (Rep.) ; Harvey L. Shel- Whereas, The State Federation of Women's don, Rock Falls ( Rep. ) ; James Branen, 320 Somonauk st., Sycamore (Dem. ) . Clubs has endorsed a bill to extend to Illinois 36 -Randall B. Echols, Loraine (Rep.) ; Campbell S. women such rights of suffrage as the Legislature is Hearn, Quincy (Dem.) ; Irvin D. Webster, Pleasant Hill (Dem.) . powered to grant, and 37-Nathaniel W. Tibbetts, Kewanee ( Rep. ) ; James Whereas, The voters of Chicago have voted in Noyes, Bradford (Rep. ) ; James E. Dabler, Princeton favor of an elective Board of Education, (Dem.) . 38-William J. Donahue, Plainview (Rep. ) ; George W. Therefore, We, the Legislative Committee of the Witt, Kane ( Dem. ) ; Stephen D. Canaday, Hillsboro Illinois Federation of Women's Clubs, endorse the (Dem.) . 39-William D. Isermann, Streator ( Rep.) ; Enoch H. effort to secure for Chicago women the right to vote Pederson, Sheridan (Rep.) ; John J. McCluskey, Peru for members of the Chicago Board of Education (Dem.) . 40-Walter Provine, Taylorville (Rep.) ; C. F. Coleman, and advise our clubs to aid in this effort. Vandalia (Dem. ) ; Henry O. Minnis, Edinburg (Dem.) . 41-Guy L. Bush, Downers Grove ( Rep.) ; Samuel J. : Drew, 1221 Benton st., Joliet ( Rep. ) ; *William A. Bowles, 107 Richard st. , Joliet (Dem.) ; *Alonzo E. Wilson, 616 Miss Mary S. Anthony, sister of Susan B. An- N. First st. , Wheaton (Pro. ) . thony, made her annual protest last week when she 42-Harvey W. Shriner, Flora ( Rep. ) ; James H. Loy, paid her taxes. This time she scored a particularly R. F. D. No. 1, Effingham (Rep.) ; Charles L. Farris, Louisville ( Dem. ) . sharp point in her letter to the County Treasurer. 43-Wilfred Arnold, 110 Main st., Galesburg (Rep.); After enumerating the classes excluded from suf- William H. Emerson, Astoria ( Rep. ) ; Michael J. Daugh- frage under the Statehood Bill as first drawn, she erty, 110 Main st., Galesburg (Dem.) . wrote : "A minor may live to become of age, the 44-Sample G. Parks, DuQuoin (Rep.) ; Sylvester W. McGuire, 124 Broadway, Sparta ( Rep. ) ; Charles S. Luke, illiterate to be educated, the criminal to be pardoned, Nashville ( Dem. ) . the lunatic to regain his reason, the idiot to become 45-Frank J. Heinl, Jacksonville (Rep.) ; Charles Fetzer, intelligent-when each and all can help to decide 714 N. 6th st., Springfield (Rep. ) ; William S. Lurton, 904 what shall be the laws, and who shall enforce them ; E. College ave. , Jacksonville (Dem.) . but the women-never. * * * I protest against 46-Robert E. Mabry, Fairfield ( Rep.) ; Thomas Tippit, Olney (Dem.) ; John M. Rapp, Fairfield ( Dem. ) . paying taxes to a government which allows its 47-Cicero J. Lindly, Greenville ( Rep.) ; William Mont- women to be thus treated. Please so record it ."- gomery, Moro ( Rep. ) ; Amos E. Benbow, Upper Alton The Woman's Journal, Jan. 14, 1905. (Dem.) . 48-Daniel E. Rose, Maunie (Rep.) ; Mahlon H. Mundy, Mt. Carmel (Dem. ) ; Bruce A. Campbell, Albion (Dem.). 49-William E. Trautmann, 17 N. Main st., E. St. Louis BOARD OF EDUCATION . (Rep.) ; Fred Keck, Belleville (Rep.) ; Charles A. Karch, Wed. Jan. 18, 1905 . 20 W. First st., Belleville (Dem.) . 50-C. M. Gaunt, Mound City ( Rep. ) ; R. D. Kirkpat- Candidates who waive appointment do not there- rick, Benton ( Rep.) ; Walter W. Williams, Herrin (Dem. ) . by forfeit their position on the eligible list. 51 -John S. Organ, Walpole (Rep. ) ; Kenneth C. Ron- A committee was appointed to look into the alds, Eldorado ( Rep. ) ; John W. Shaw, Harrisburg (Dem. ) . method of marking teachers for efficiency. Architect Llewellyn of La Grange was tem- * Contest- Canvass not completed Dec. 5. porarily appointed supervising architect pending application to the Civil Service Commission for a CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION. properly certified applicant for the position. Mortuary Fund Department . The annual budget for 1905 was adopted. The Mortuary Fund Department will hold its Resolutions of sympathy to Mr. Thorp on the first annual meeting, Saturday, Jan. 21, at 2:30 death of his daughter were adopted by a rising p. m. , in Hall 412, Masonic Temple . vote. LEONORA BECK, Chairman Pro Tem. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 5 ILLINOIS FEDERATION OF WOMEN'S CLUBS LEGISLATIVE COMMITTEE COMPLETE Chairnian, Dr. Marion K. Bowles, Joliet. Mrs. W. F. Heath, Danville. Mrs. Elvira H. Adams, 225 Wesley Ave., Oak Park. Miss Kate Kennard , Champaign . Mrs. J. H. Barton, Carbondale. Mrs. Catharine Waugh McCullough , 1104 Merchants Loan & Trust Bldg. Mrs. Chas. F. Cherry, Oswego. Mrs. Herman Falkenstein, 783 Armitage Ave., Chicago. Mrs. Albert R. Martin, 732 N. Hoyne Ave., Chicago. Mrs. Martha P. Falconer, 115 N. Oak Park Ave. , Oak Park. Miss Kate F. O'Connor, Rockford . Mrs. RalphD. Hollembeak, 403 SpringSt. , Elgin. Mrs. Chas. Salmon, 6826 Perry Ave., Chicago. Miss Margaret A. Haley, 3402 Wabash Ave. , Chicago. Mrs. Leslie P. Vorhees, 524 Maple Ave. , Blue Island. LETTER TO WOMEN'S CLUBS FROM THE LEGISLATIVE COMMITTEE OF THE ILLINOIS FEDERATION OF WOMEN'S CLUBS. The Illinois Legislature of 1905 has begun its sessions. This is the year we must work and our legislative work must be crowded into the early months of the year. Little work will be done on bills until February. Then bills will be presented by the members selected as sponsors, read once and referred to an appropriate committee. This is the time when hearings are granted to friends and enemies of the measures. If bills are not killed in committee, they come out with the committee's recommendation that they do pass and are then placed in the list ofbills, on the order of second reading. At second reading friends must watch to see that bills are not killed by obnoxious amendments and when this crisis is past, the bills stand on the order of third reading. On a day when a bill is read the third time the greatest care is needed to secure the presence of all the Legislators who have promised to vote for the bill, for each bill must at third reading receive a constitutional majority (that is a majority of all the members elected)-in the Senate 26 votes out of 51 and in the House 77 out of 153. Perhaps the members of the Legislature of 1905 will not need watching at this critical time, but in the past some Legislator, just before his name was called, wou'd slip into a committee-room for some document, go across into the other Chamber to see a friend, go to the Cloak-room to comb his hair, be consumed with thirst, or, worst of all, be kept at his hotel with a sore throat until an hour after the bill's fate was settled. Then, alas! the bill would receive perhaps just 25 votes in the Senate or only 76 or less in the House. On such occasions it is desirable to have several watchful women to head off a retreating legislator and remind him of his promise. But if on third reading the bill receives the necessary majority, it has then passed that House and goes over to the other House for similar procedure. Bills may originate in either House aud when they have passed both houses, they only await the Governor's signature to become laws. At any stage of the proceedings outlined above, arguments in favor of the bill are needed. In the Year Book clubs have been asked:- 1-To select a Legislative Committee and secure among the club meetings a special legislative day On such a day speakers should present the bills, giving facts, figures and arguments, so that each club member would have a clear understanding of the status of each measure. 2-To endorse bills and have such endorsement written to the Senator and three Representatives from the district in which each club is located . In this issue find lists of the Members of the Legislature. 3-To send letters from many individuals. Letters from men as well as women should be sent to the Legislators, for men's letters have more influence than the letters of voteless women. Per- haps woman's influence was great in the mythical days of chivalry, but to-day man's voting power is greater than woman's voteless influence. Therefore, get letters from men. At various stages of progress the Federation Legislative Committee will on several occasions need large committees of women to go to Springfield to personally argue with individual legislators the merits of their favorite bills. Will not each club which can afford the expense send a member one or more times to Springfield to help the Federation Legislative Committee? Select for such work your wisest, sweetest, most tactful, most persistent woman. Send a representative woman, one who in all ways will well represent your club and do well the work. When it comes to the hearing, the Legislative Committee of the Federation will use its best judgment to select speakers, representing the various parts of the State, the various nationalities and the variety of club interests, and it can do this best if it has the choicest women of your clubs from which to choose. Write freely to members of this Committee to give or receive advice or information. Our State President says she wants this year specially marked by the excellence and harmony of our legislative work. Now a long pull, a strong pull and a pull altogether. MARION K, BOWLES, Chairman, Jan. 14, 1905. LILLIE B. HOLLEMBEAK, Secretary . 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . (Continued from page 2.) petrator of the offense. Men jurors and men judges Age of Consent. can generally be relied on to sympathize sufficient- 18 Years-Arizona, Colorado, Delaware, Florida, ly with an erring brother man to give the wrong- * * Idaho, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, New York, doer the benefit of all possible doubts. * North Dakota, Oklahoma, Utah, Washington, Wy- This is the truth. Now let the people make oming. known their will. 16 Years-Alaska, Arkansas, California, Connec- CATHARINE WAUGH M'CULLOCH. ticut, District of Columbia, Massachusetts, Michi- gan, Minnesota, Montana, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Tennessee. 15 Years- Iowa, Texas . This makes thirty-three of our commonwealths, ANNOUNCEMENT ! about three-fourths of our country, with the age The Henry George Lecture Association presents higher than in Illinois. Why are we so far behind ? the following lectures at Handel Hall, 40 East The vicious classes of our great cities ought not to Randolph Street, Chicago: have greater influence at Springfield with our legis- lators than had the vicious classes of New York Thursday, Jan. 19, 8 p. m. Prof. W. L. Tom- City at Albany. Yet New York State has raised lins, Director Tomlins School of Music- the age of consent to eighteen years and Illinois "Music. Its Relation to a Larger Life." has not. Thursday, Jan. 26, 8 p. m . Clarence S. Dar- row-" The Vain Pursuit." A comparison with the statutes of other states shows that the punishment in Illinois, which may Thursday, Feb. 2, 8 p. m. Prof. W. D. Mac- be as low as one year, is pitifully small and should Clintock of the Chicago University-" Poe- try and the Common Life ." be increased when the wronged girl is very young- under 14 or 15. In the few states which, like Illi- Thursday, Feb. 9, 8 p . m . Louis F. Post, Editor The Public-"Altgeld's Last Book: nois, fix the age at 14, the minimum punishment, "The Cost of Something forNothing." in Wisconsin, New Mexico, Nevada and Virginia, Thursday, Feb. 16, 8 p. m. Prof. W. M. R. is five years and in some cases it may be death or French , Director the Art Institute-"An life imprisonment. In all the few remaining states Hour with the Caricaturists." where the age of consent is lower than in Illinois Thursday, Feb. 23 , Ernest Howard Crosby the death penalty may be inflicted, and as a result -" Walt Whitman, A Study in Dem- cases of ruin are almost unknown. ocracy." Calls on People to Act. While it may not be desirable to attempt any Course Tickets, $I Single Admission, 25c other change in the Illinois statute than the change of age, it is well to remember that our Illinois Tickets may be procured from the following: statute has another element of weakness in exempt- Miss Leonora Beck, 36 South Wood St., phone 625 ing from punishment under certain circumstances Seeley; Dr. Anna M. Lund, 1014 Masonic Temple, phone 3691 Central; Nellie Carlin, 1202 Ashland young men 16 years of age. This is an unusual pro- Building; Frances L. Dusenberry, care of Purdy vision, as a study of other state's statutes shows. Publishing Co. , McVicker's Theater Building. "Whoever," " every male person," "every person," are the words generally used to designate the per- California Limited employes are courteous Your three days' trip Santa Fe is made thoroughly enjoyable Ladies and children traveling alone are assured every All theWay attention Chicago and Kansas City to Los Angeles and San Francisco Ask J. M. Connell , of A. T. & S. F. Ry. , 109 Adams Street, Chicago. 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 7 PIANO BUYERS Find Strong Temptation -IN- January Sale -OP- The Manufacturers Annual Clearing at the Kimball Warerooms Means Much for Enrichment of the Home Life. Extraordinary piano buying continues at the Manufacturers' Warerooms, 243 Wabash Ave., S. W. Corner Jackson Blvd. Besides being apowerful ap- peal to the money-saving motive, this sale includes many instruments of the highest type of the piano maker's art. Kimball Pianos are the product of a home factory. For years their praiseshave been sung by the world's masters in music. They are within reach of the purchaser of limited means, for they go directly from the great Kimball factories to the home. Unlimited resources of the producers enable them to give the purchaser possession of the instrument while making payment; hencethewisdom of many purchasers anticipating their wants by several months, for rarely do conditions bring such mighty inducements. FOR JANUARY ONLY New Eastern Plano and Kimball Piano Player, regular price ............. $ 445 20 Rolls of Music, for operating the Player .. 20 Total ...... $ 465 Special Offer, complete. .. ... $275 Easy Payments if Desired. W. W. KIMBALL CO. (BSTABLISHED 1887) Southwest Corner Wabash Ave. and Jackson Blvd. 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . CARSON PIRIE SCOTT & Co. STATE AND MADISON STREETS-Building formerly occupied by H. G. Selfridge & Co., andby Schlesinger& Mayer. Telephone, Private Exchange, 2. " We Find Everything Here Far Beyond Expectation" That was the unvarying comment of visitors during our Autumn Opening. Such emphatic approval of what we have accomplished, after only two weeks in the new location, is our war- rant for repeating: We have the Facilities, the Merchandise and the Prices to make this the most satisfactory shopping place in Chicago. Every day, as the house organization settles into the new surroundings, brings improvement. THE BASEMENT STORE offers remarkable values every day. New goods at very low prices. Broken lines from the old store at sharp reductions from closing out sale price there. Interesting New Silks and Velvets. THEtheBurlinghamsand Burlingham sacking rough silk suitings, the daintyWarpPrintpompadoureffects and broad tail velours, the warm rich colored mousseline and chiffon dress velvets, with the hundred or more other weaves, make an attractive collection that will repay a visit. Second Floor Imported Satin Messaline-sheer beautiful quality-ahappy purchase of an importer's delayed shipment, enables us to offer 50 piece ina splendid assortment of colors, including white and ivory, at a sale price; a yard.... $1.00 Shirt Waist Suiting Silks-Special new designs | Mousseline Bengalines-An imported silk and Plaid Taffetas-Clan colorings as well as the inthe small faconne on checks; wool dress fabric and a fashion- modest French tones; leading val- we offer unusual values at $1 and .. 75c able one; desirable; all colors, yard 85c ues-yard, 81.25. 81.00 and...........85c Plain Louisines, Peau de Cygnes, Crepe de Chines, Taffetas unequaled at 85c, 75c and 58c. BLACK SILKS VELVETS We are generously proud of our new possession, the celebrated Moleskin, velour and broad tail velvets for cloaks at lowest "Moneybak. " long wearing black dress silks. With the pur- prices. Mousseline chiffon silk velvets, new browns, chaseofeachdress you carry genuine silk insurance. $1.25 terra cotta, leather, $2.50, 82.00 and ..... $1.50 Ayard, 82.00, $1.50 and... Black paon and chiffon velvets from $1.00 85c black silk crepe de chines and taffetas, genuine bar- gains 68c $5.00 Odd lot of all silk Lyons velvets, 85.00 quality, good color assort- 75c imported black taffetas-special ment, many of the season's new shades, reduced 58c to ....... $2.50 Box Hoisery Sale: Prices Lower Than Ever. Importations for H. G. Selfridge & Co. to Be Disposed Of. THAT tells the reasonwhyweare in a position to make thisarecord-breaking boxhosierysale. Thousands of dozens of pairs ordered abroad for, and stamped with name of H. G. Selfridge & Co. came to us when we parchased this business. It is all new, desirable merchandise. But we desire to have on our shelves only the Eiffel brand hosiery. Hence these prices. Firstfloor. WOMEN'S HOSE . MEN'S HOSE . Reg.price, Perbox, Reg.price, Perbox, Reg. price, Perbox, per pair. Sixpairs. perpair. Six pairs. perpair. Sixpairs, 25c Black cotton double sole or 25c Black cotton, double sole, heel and toes...... $1.00 50c Black cotton, with linen spliced double sole, heels and split sole... $1.00 toes $2.15 350Black cotton double or split sole or white foot....... $ 1.25 35c Black lisle, fine gauge; black cotton, split sole or white foot... $1.35 75c Black cotton, brilliant mer- cerized black gauze lisle or 400 Black cotton fine gauze .......$ 1.50 black cotton, extra heavy ...... $2.50 50c Black cotton, double sole, 40cBlack lisle or cotton, split sole and ribbed top........ $1.65 $1.00 Black brilliant lisle or $4.00 60cFine hand seamed. $1.75 black cotton..... Egyptian, black cotton, 50cBlack lisle thread; very fine or split sole or white feet ......... $2.00 splitsole,black cotton,very fine, $1.85 $1.25 Black ingrain lisle; four $5.00 750plainblack fine cotton 2.50 outsize or ribbed tops..... thread or split sole.... or $ Children's 35c linen knee hose, outwear all other kinds, 3 pairs for 75c. In the Basement Store: Women's plain black cotton, box of six pairs, 65c, 75c, $1, $1.15. Men's, 45c, 60c, 75c. Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin 100 Vol. IV. CHICAGO , JANUARY 27, 1904. No. 9. WORK OF THE CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDER- the streets of Chicago are worth $200,000,000 to ATION . five public utility-corporations, two street railways, one gas, one electric light and one telephone com- BY MARGARET A. HALEY. pany and that the income on this street value is ten million dollars a year. This enormous sum of ten (Extracts from address delivered before New million dollars, the people's free gift to these com- Jersey State Teachers' Association, Dec. 28, 1904. ) panies, represents the amount which these com- It is a pleasure to speak to the teachers of New panies are permitted by law annually to overcharge Jersey on the efforts of the Chicago teachers to the Chicago people for street car fares, gas and raise the standard of the profession of teaching and electric lighting bills, and telephone charges. This sum is more than the entire annual cost of main- thereby to increase the efficiency of the public taining the Chicago public schools, and the public schools. library together. The public school is the organized means pro- The teachers lose no opportunity to press home vided by the deliberate effort of the whole people to the people of Chicago the injustice to themselves for freeing intelligence at its source and through and to their children, as well as to the teachers, of freed intelligence to secure freedom of action. In making a free gift of ten millions a year to five public service corporations (without one dollar of the performance of this function the public school value received in return) and at the same time pay- is generally recognized as a factor in the moral and ing their children's teachers wholly inadequate and intellectual uplift of the nation ; but that this freed decreased salaries while increasing the number of intelligence is a factor in the production of the pupils in school rooms already so overcrowded as material wealth and in the increase of the wealth- to deny both teachers and children opportunity for satisfactory work or even hygienic conditions . To producing power of the nation has not been so gen- this injustice is added that of holding teachers re- erally recognized, nor that further increase of sponsible for teaching these fifty or sixty children wealth and of wealth-producing power will be in in accordance with modern, scientific methods though educators are agreed that a teacher direct proportion to the increased efficiency of the public schools. A growing consciousness of these may keep school with that number of pupils but that she cannot teach more than half this number. facts with the inevitable deductions has been the cause and effect of the organized effort of the Chi- Taxpayers' and Citizens Interested. cago teachers to demand for themselves the inher- The personal interest of the individual citizen is ent right to conditions which make it possible for enlisted when it is made clear to him that every time them to give to the public their best service and he pays five cents for riding in a street car he pays to receive in return a share in the city's moral, in- two cents to the company for the use of the com- tellectual and material wealth in the proportion to pany's property and three cents to the company for which these schools, through the teachers, have the use of his own property-the streets ; that this means an actual tax of from $20 to $30 a year been a factor in producing this wealth. That teachers generally are so conditioned as to which every daily patron of the street cars in Chi- give to the public their best service no well cago is forced to pay for the privilege of using his informed person will for a moment maintain, and own streets ; that every dollar of that $20 or $30 should be returned to the users of the street cars our city is no exception to the rule. The teachers either in reduced fares or should be turned in as of Chicago know that they do not get a share of the city's wealth in proportion to their share in the taxes to the support of the public schools and to production of that wealth because certain other fac- other public uses. tors, notably the public service corporations, are What is true of street car fares is equally true permitted to take of this wealth out of all propor- of gas bills. The Chicago gas company schedules tion to their share in its production. with the tax assessors fifteen million dollars of Why School Funds Are Short. actual property but it pays bond interest and divi- dends on seventy-five millions of paper. The dif- It is a matter of record established in the courts ference, sixty million dollars, the amount of water of Illinois in the Chicago Teachers' Tax Case that in the gas stock, represents the value of the people's 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. streets to the gas company and the income on this further investigation they learned that the short- sixty million dollars, or three million dollars a year, age of revenue was in part due to the failure of the represents the yearly overcharges for gas bills paid officials to enforce the tax laws. by the Chicago people to the gas company and Corporations Escaping Taxes . which, if collected at all from the people should In our state it is the duty of the State Board of go to support the public schools or some other Equalization to assess the railroads and other cor- branch of the public service. ( I desire to say here, porations, but in 1899 the railroads in Cook County I do not approve of this method of collecting taxes, paid $640,000 less in taxes than they did in 1898, but that is, constituting gas and traction companies the property owners, that is the owners of 25 foot tax gatherers ) . But if the people see fit to permit these companies to continue to collect taxes from lots and cottages in Chicago, had the taxable value the people on the value of the people's property, the of their property doubled in the year 1899, over the year 1898. Yet the railroads of Illinois increased public streets, then the people should compel these their capital stock by $140,000,000 in that same companies to turn the taxes so collected into the pub- year and their dividends by $ 10,000,000 . lic treasury instead of as at present turning it over In 1899 the five public utility corporations in Chi- to the holders of watered stock in the form of divi- cago, mentioned before, escaped taxation entirely on dends. Through the work of the teachers' organiza- their franchise values. When the teachers learned tion, the Chicago Teachers' Federation, both teach- this two of their numbers, at the request of the ers and people are beginning to understand more Federation, in January, 1900, secured leaves of ab- clearly why the public schools are deprived of the sence and continued the investigation at the expense revenue necessary to maintain them at a standard of the Federation. Action in the courts was begun commensurate with the existing ideals of education later against the public officers charged with the and how to apply the remedy. duty of assessing these corporations and a writ of The teachers realize that these great public util- ity corporations are absorbing the wealth of the mandamus obtained from the Supreme Court of the community out of all proportion to their share in State commanding the State Board of Equalization the creation of that wealth; they know that it is to return and assess according to law these five estimating conservatively to say that for every dol- public utility corporations for the year 1900. Teachers Force Payment of Taxes. lar of value which the public utility corporations in Chicago contribute to the wealth of Chicago they As a result of this litigation six hundred thousand receive $5 in return; they know that it is estimat- dollars of back taxes for the year 1900 was paid ing conservatively to say that for every five dollars to the treasurer of Cook County in July, 1902 . of value, of material value, mind you, which they, Not one dollar of this franchise tax was assessed the teachers, contribute to Chicago's material against these companies when the teachers began wealth, they, the teachers, receive less than one dol- this suit. Since the teachers' suit in 1900 these cor- lar in return. It is to correct this gross injustice porations have paid a franchise tax of something and inequity that the teachers of Chicago have set more than half a million dollars a year to the treas- out to help the people to secure to the public schools urer of Cook County . and to themselves as teachers a just share in the I have stated that the teachers in January, 1900, wealth they produce and to do it in such a way as had been cut $75. When in 1902 this six hundred to secure at the same time justice to the taxpayers thousand dollars of back taxes for 1900 was turned -to the people. into the treasury it was fully expected that the Schedule Adopted, Suspended , and Finally Abolished. Board would acknowledge the debt to the teachers In 1898 the class room teachers of Chicago, of as a result of the salary cut made in the middle of whom there were about 5,000, feeling the pressure the school year 1900, and from the back tax thus coming from greatly increased cost of living with collected by the teachers restore this cut. On the no corresponding increase in salary, organized and day that the County Treasurer received the six secured the adoption by the Board of Education of hundred thousand dollars, back taxes, the City a new salary schedule. The maximum salary had Council of Chicago voted to restore from this back been $800 for the primary and $825 for the gram- tax money turned in by the teachers the cut which mar grade teachers. According to the new schedule the firemen and policemen had received in the year the maximum for class room teachers of ten years 1000, but the Board of Education on the recom- or more experience was to be $ 1,000 ; that is to say, mendation of its finance committee proceeded im- the Board of Education estimated the value to the mediately on receipt of the money to appropriate community of a class room teacher of ten years' ex- it for the purpose of paying coal bills, cleaning perience to be equivalent to that of policemen, fire- school houses and for other expenses of the year men and mail carriers after one year's experience. 1902, ignoring the unpaid claims of the teach- This increase of $175 was to be paid in three in- ers. The teachers, through the Federation , stallments ; the first installment of $75 was paid in proceeded in the courts and secured an in- January, 1898 ; the second of $50 due in 1899 was junction restraining the Board from expending withheld in that year. In 1900 not only was the this money and on a full hearing of the merits of third installment of $50 not paid nor the increase of the case the courts have decided in favor of the $50 which had been withheld the previous year, but teachers. The Board has appealed the case. the advance of $75 given in 1898 was, in January, In this suit the Board produced as evidence por- 1900, taken away. In other words the teachers tions of its rules urging its right to cut teachers' were put back on the salary which had been in salaries in the middle of the school year, disclaim- effect practically for twenty years. It was at this ing any responsibility for paying teachers' salaries, point they began to inquire into the reason of this according to its fixed schedule, and also claiming action and learned that the revenue of the Board the right to dismiss any teacher at any time with or of Education was declared to be inadequate. On without cause. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 3 Gas Company's Contracts Sacred. until she had received from the principal an effi- In 1900 when the city's shortage of revenue was ciency mark of at least 80 and had besides taken a urged as a reason for cutting the salaries of teach- promotional examination on certain subjects , acade- ers, policemen and firemen the exorbitant. price of mic and professional, on which she had been exam- gas was not reduced although the funds appropri- ined before entrance into the service. ated for paying the city's gas bills gave out in the The fourth question submitted to the teachers was : middle of the year. On the other hand the gas company collected every dollar of its bills from the "The present system of promotional examina- tions." city and no attempt was made by the city officials either to repudiate the existing debt to the gas com- The vote on this question was, for promotional pany or to cut the contract price for the remainder examinations, 316 ; against them, 3844. of the year. But the gas company had taken the On the question of public funds for teachers' precaution to secure its contract rights by general pensions the vote was 3728 in favor ; 106 against. and special legislation, and the sacredness of con- The Chicago Board of Education is appointed by tract where gas companies are concerned is well the Mayor. The question of the election of the established. Board of Education by the people was the last one An amendment to the State Constitution author- submitted to the teachers and the vote on the propo- izes the legislature of Illinois to enact a new char- sittion was 3543 for ; 264 against. ter for Chicago. In this instrument the teachers of As submitted the question provided for Chicago hope to secure provisions which will place Board of Education. the teachers of Chicago on the same basis that the Elected by the people ; nominations to be by peti- charter of New York placed the New York teach- tion; elections at large (instead of by wards) ; ers in the matter of permanent salary fund, salary women to have the right to sign nomination peti- schedule, tenure of office and public funds for teach- tions and to vote for members of the Board. ers' pension. This is the work the teachers are at Briefly stated this is the work of the Chicago present engaged in. Teachers' Federation . Just before the close of school in the last week In the accomplishment of this work a practical of December certain provisions for the new charter knowledge has come to the teachers of civic condi- were submitted to a vote of the teachers. Following tions and civic needs which has brought them into are the provisions and the vote thereon : direct and vital relation with all the forces in the Salary Schedule. community working for the betterment of civic con- All elementary teachers to receive not less than ditions. It is making the public school, through the $600 for first year, $750 for fourth year, $ 1,000 for work of the teachers, such a factor in the civic life seventh year, and an annual increase of $100 there- of the community as it never was before. It has after until a maximum of $1,500 is reached. given the teachers not only a larger and more com- The vote on this proposition was 3912 for, 33 prehensive view of the civic life, but a new civic against. Fiften hundred dollars may seem a large spirit. maximum but a teacher must have had eleven years' The teachers of Chicago do not beg for a raise experience before being eligible to receive this max- in salary now because they need more books, better imum, and the teachers of Chicago know that any clothes or opportunity for recreation, they ask it teacher who after eleven years' experience is not because they know they earn it and that they have adding $1,500 a year to the material wealth of our an inherent right to what they earn ; not only that, city, State and Nation, is taking more than that but that sooner or later the people will acknowledge from it and should be retired from the service if that right and find a way to recognize it. I con- the fault is hers. If the fault is in the educational sider a clear understanding on the part of teachers system, the system should be changed. of this inherent right to a fair share in the wealth Salary Fund. they create, to be the first prerequisite for any A provision for setting aside a certain per cent effective movement to better the conditions of teach- of the tax levy to be used for teachers' salaries ers and teaching. Armed with the conviction that ONLY. they are seeking justice to the children and to the The vote on this was 3982 for and 3 against. people no less than to themselves, no denial, no The third question was as follows : rebuff will deter, and they will persevere until the Tenure of Office and Efficiency. entire community recognizes the essential justice of After a probationary period all appointments to their claims and sets itself the task of finding a be permanent during efficiency and good behavior. way to grant them . Inefficient teachers to be eliminated from the ser- vice after having had reasonable opportunity for improvement and a trial before the Board of Educa- Only the deaf and dumb tion on written charges. fail to appreciate the All efficient teachers to be entitled to and to re- ceive the regular annual increase of salary till max- imum in salary schedule is reached. "Efficient teach- TELEPHONE ers" to be held to mean all teachers against whom no charge of inefficiency or unfitness has been now-a-days . proven. The vote on this was 3948 for, 10 against. Business Residence& 5 Cents and per day up. When the Board of Education in 1902 abolished the salary schedule adopted in 1898 a new one pro- CHICAGO TELEPHONE CO . viding that no teacher should be eligible to an in- 203 Washington Street. crease beyond the seventh year ($875) unless and 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION they are able to resist, be the harm what it may to BULLETIN themselves and their pupils. There ought to be Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, ways and means of knowing a teacher's ability oth- erwise than by the questionable method of what is Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, December 23, 1901. called promotional examination. The ablest edu- THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the cators denounce it and good teachers almost to a year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of April andDecember, by the Chicago Teachers' Federation. unit are opposed to it as inadequate and injurious. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single -Chicago Chronicle, Dec. 29, 1904. copies, Five Cents. ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received byTuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payableto the orderof the Federation Bulletin. NEW YORK TEACHERS SUE BOARD OF EDU- THE EDITOR , 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO . CATION . Dusiness office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m . Phone Central 3904. Teachers' Complaint Longest on Record . PROMOTIONAL EXAMINATIONS . New York, Dec. 31.-Ira Leo Bamberger, coun- The Teachers' Federation may be wide of the sel for the school teachers of Manhattan, has served mark in many of its propositions and requests, but the summons and complaint in an action to recover it is right in opposing the present system of promo- $301,315 for an unpaid balance of salary due for the tional examinations . These examinations are an first six months of 1899. injury to the teachers' and an injury to the schools. The action is brought by the Brooklyn Teachers' On the surface it seems plausible that the teach- Association and the Class Teachers' Organization er who is willing to study and take an examina- of Brooklyn against the Board of Education. tion and who is then able to pass the examination The complaint is the longest on record and covers is superior to the one who has not made special 3414 pages and measures 4267 feet in length. The preparation for the disagreeable ordeal. By the length of an average complaint in civil litigation is school officials she is called a progressive teacher four or five pages. The complaint in the action just and worthy of promotion over those who have not begun is contained in two volumes, each the size bent their efforts toward the higher salary. of a standard dictionary, and weighing 21 pounds. Not a few of the teachers who have taken and There are 3413 causes of action specified in the com- passed the promotional examination have been plainant, each one of which represents a teacher's frank enough to say that selfishness rather than the claim. It took four accountants two months to pre- good of the schools prompted them by arduous pare the schedules showing the balance of salary study to fit themselves for the higher position. They due to each teacher.- Buffalo Courier, Jan. 1, 1905 . have admitted that their time and energy might have been spent to far more advantage to them- selves and their classes if they had looked more ANNOUNCEMENTS . carefully after their health, their general culture and the immediate work of the schoolroom . The temptation of a higher position and a higher SPECIAL ANNOUNCEMENT . salary, to say nothing of a praised name, was too A public meeting will be held under the auspices much for some teachers to resist. They neglected of the friends of Russian freedom in the Auditori- preparing for the day's work and gave the time to um, Sunday afternoon, Jan. 29, 3:30 o'clock. preparing for the examination. They should have Speakers : Madame Katherine Breschkovsky, taken healthful recreation in order to give more for 22 years an exile in Siberia ; Dr. Emil G. tone and vitality to their teaching. They risked Hirsch, Miss Janes Addams, Rev. Jenkins Lloyd appearing nervous and overwrought before their Jones , and others. Organists : Mr. Wilhelm Mid- pupils and were willing to advance themselves at dleschulte and Miss Gertrude Smith . the cost of the children. Their conscience was eased somewhat by the CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION . thought that this was the only way to gain a good name and to appear wise in the eyes of their su- The regular meeting of the Chicago Teachers ' periors. They despised the cramming method and Federation will be held at 412 Masonic Temple, admitted its injurious effects on mind and body, February 11 , 1905 . but better, they said, risk that than risk being The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teachers' dubbed "nonprogressive" and dropped from the Federation will meet Monday, February 13, 1905, service. at 4 p. m. , in Room 437, Unity Bldg. So long as this unenlightened policy prevails so FLORENCE E. TENNERRY, long will some teachers be tempted beyond what Cor. Secretary. CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 5 One of the gigantic evils of the school life of to- day is the fact that the women who must use the text book 200 days in the year must accept books selected by men who will not use them. Sometime teachers will have the initiative in selecting text books, will determine the conditions upon which teachers shall be selected and have other reasonable professional appreciation. Lastly and chiefly she must be relieved of all fear of spending her days in an old ladies' home. She must read her title clear to a satisfactory after - school life or the children will suffer. A. E. WINSHIP. APPRECIATION OF THE TEACHER- DR. A. E. kind. Every one of these conditions is indispens- WINSHIP OF BOSTON . able. (Extracts from address before Wisconsin State Teachers ' Material comfort must be provided for her health Association at Milwaukee, Dec. 28, 1904.) and disposition. How many persons do you know, What Teachers Sacrifice . for whom you have no sentimental regard, with whom you would like to spend five hours a day for There are one-third of a million of exceptional 200 days in the year with her mind dominating women in the United States who are teaching. They yours without your being paid for it ? Wouldn't have the instinct of culture, refinement and moral- you wish for perfect health on her part ? Wouldn't ity; an aversion for the false, the deceitful, the you wish her to be an optimist at peace with all the world? spectacular; they subordinate social craving. The There are 400,000 children in different school- woman who teaches is doing it at the sacrifice of rooms of the United States who cannot choose the social admiration; at the sacrifice of a home of her woman who dominates their thought and action. own. Any woman educated and attractive enough That woman's health, disposition, point of view of to teach has had a chance to preside over a home of life are infective or contagious, definitely affecting her own. She is always selected from a group of the health, disposition and point of view of life of 15,000,000 children. applicants and her personality is always a feature Health of the Teacher. in determining her selection. That is why the women teachers of to-day are unlike those that are The government is spending millions upon mil- caricatured as skinny, toothless, Puritanic spinsters. lions annually to offset the ravages of infection and The women teachers of to-day would be at a pre- contagion among animals. Thousands of skilled ex- mium in the matrimonial market anywhere if they perts are employed to search for traces of infec- tion. Not a steer, sheep or hog can pass through were willing to marry below their scale of morals, any slaughter house in the United States without refinement and culture. They refuse to sacrifice being rigidly inspected. The faintest trace of hoof their ideals and accept the life of the teacher until disease will lead to the ruthless slaughter of cattle such time as the man and their ideals meet. For regardless of the protest of their owners . her ideals she sacrifices the joys of home and ac- Many cities are expending thousands, and some cepts the mission of the school. Sacrifice always tens of thousands of dollars a year in the employ- places someone in debt to the one who sacrifices. ment of physicians to see to it that no child is per- Responsibility of the Official . mitted to stay in school who has the mumps, meas- les or other infectious disease, and yet we do not The teacher places the public in her debt. The public is responsible for making her life in school seem to care when a woman, because of inadequate and cut of school as agreeable as the life of a salary, with inappropriate food and ill-adapted home woman can be outside of her own home. The first relations, is infecting the disposition and view of life of her class. duty of the public is to make the conditions of work for a teacher in the school comfortable and joyful- A naturally buoyant disposition on the part of a that is the first and chief duty of a superintendent. bright and attractive woman will overcome many Any school official is a failure to a degree border- limitations of means, but such women are rare, and ing on criminality if he wittingly or unwittingly the draft upon them is greater than they can bear. robs his teachers of comfort and joy by professional The public is often at fault when a woman teacher or personal nagging. To assume that he alone is is physically, mentally or morally dyspeptic. She "it" and that virtues will die with him is a sin suffers from lack of just appreciation. against heaven and earth. Out of the schoolroom The value of the output of the schools could be she must be made comfortable at least in material, raised indefinitely by an adequate financial appre- social and professional conditions ; comfortable in ciation of the teachers . ! her thought of the years when she cannot earn Value of Professional Appreciation . her living. This requires adequate salaries, entrance to social life with appropriate recognition, profes- Professional appreciation is worth vastly more to sional privileges and a pension provision of some a woman than social recognition. One of the gi- 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. gantic evils of the school life of to-day is the fact that the woman who must use the text books 200 TO TEACHERS days in the year must accept books selected by men LOANS BY A TEACHER who will not use them. This is merely suggestive At Live and Let Live Low Rates of another great theme. Sometime teachers will "First aid to the injured" in pocket promptly rendered. have the initiative in selecting text books, will de- termine the conditions upon which teachers shall be L. A., Care of Federation Bulletin, 437 Unity Building. selected and have other reasonable professional ap- preciation. Lastly and chiefly she must be relieved of all fear of spending her days in on old ladies' home. She must read her title clear to a satisfactory after- school life or the children will suffer. ANNOUNCEMENT ! A salaried man went into business, and knowing The Henry George Lecture Association presents its uncertainties took out an insurance policy for the following lectures at Handel Hall , 40 East $23,000 for his family and his advanced years. It Randolph Street, Chicago: is said that before Tom Lawson jumped into the whirlpool of frenzied finance he paid for ample an- Thursday, Jan. 19, 8 p. m. Prof. W. L. Tom- lins, Director Tomlins School of Music- nuity for himself and family for life. "Music. Its Relation to a Larger Life." The Investment of Schools . Thursday, Jan. 26, 8 p. m . Clarence S. Dar- row-" The Vain Pursuit." Nothing is more important than that by some Thursday, Feb. 2, 8 p. m. Prof. W. D. Mac- form of pension or mutual aid a teacher have no Clintock of the Chicago University-" Poe- try and the Common Life . " cause for anxiety as to her future comfort. More than two hundred years ago William Cow- Thursday, Feb. 9, 8 p . m . Louis F. Post, Editor The Public- “Altgeld's Last Book : per in "The Task" treated with almost savage ' The Cost of Something for Nothing. ” frankness the man who would entrust his children to Thursday, Feb. 16, 8 p. m. Prof. W. M. R. a teacher who is not good enough to sit at his table. French , Director the Art Institute-"An After showing that the greatest interest any man Hour with the Caricaturists ." can have is in the right teaching of his children, Thursday, Feb. 23 , Ernest Howard Crosby and that having found the person who can rightly -"Walt Whitman, A Study in Dem- teach them and rescue them from the herd of ocracy." tempters to evil, Cowper says : "But having found him, be thou duke or earl , Course Tickets, Si Single Admission, 250 Show thou hast sense enough to prize the pearl." Tickets may be procured from the following: Then and now, it is more important to make the Miss Leonora Beck, 36 South Wood St., phone 625 best possible investment in the schools than in the Seeley; Dr. Anna M. Lund, 1014 Masonic Temple, mines, quarries, railroads or government bonds. It phone 3691 Central; Nellie Carlin, 1202 Ashland is the only investment that can be made in flesh and Building; Frances L. Dusenberry, care of Purdy blood, in brain and heart.-Milwaukee Free Press, Publishing Co. , McVicker's Theater Building. Dec. 29, 1904. To sunny California for the fewest dollars Take a Tourist Pullman Santa Fe You save on railroad and sleeper tickets Many features of comfort All theWay Personally escorted tri- weekly Chicago and Kansas City to Los Angeles and San Francisco Ask J. M. Connell, of A, T. & S. F. Ry. , 109 Adams Street, Chicago. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 7 PIANO BUYERS Find Strong Temptation -IN- January Sale -OF- The Manufacturers Annual Clearing at the Kimball Warerooms Means Much for Enrichment of the Home Life. Extraordinary piano buying continues at the Manufacturers' Warerooms, 243 Wabash Ave., S. W. Corner Jackson Blvd. Besides being apowerful ap- peal to the money-saving motive, this sale includes many instruments of the highest type of the piano maker's art. Kimball Pianos are the product of a home factory. For years their praises have been sung by the world's masters in music. They are within reach of the purchaser of limited means, for they go directly from the great Kimball factories to the home. Unlimited resources of the producers enable them to give the purchaser possession of the instrument while making payment; hencethewisdom ofmany purchasers anticipating their wants by several months, for rarelydo conditions : bring such mighty inducements. CONTARY ONI V New Eastern Plano and Kimball Piano Player, regular price............ $ 445 20 Rolls of Music, for operating the Player ... 20 Total ...... $ 465 Special Offer, complete. ......... ... $275 Easy Payments if Desired. W. W. KIMBALL CO. (BSTABLISHED 1887) Southwest Corner Wabash Ave. and Jackson Blvd. 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CARSON PIRIE SCOTT & Co. STATE AND MADISON STREETS-Building formerly occupled by H. G. Selfridge & Co. , andby Schlesinger & Mayer. Telephone, Private Exchange, 2. " We Find Everything Here Far Beyond Expectation" That was the unvarying comment of visitors during our Autumn Opening. Such emphatic approval of what we have accomplished, after only two weeks in the new location, is our war- rant for repeating: We have the Facilities, the Merchandise and the Prices to make this the most satisfactory shopping place in Chicago. Every day, as the house organization settles into the new surroundings, brings improvement. THE BASEMENT STORE offers remarkable values every day. New goods at very low prices. Broken lines from the old store at sharp reductions from closing out sale price there. Interesting New Silks and Velvets. THE Burlinghamsand Burlingham sacking rough silk suitings, the daintyWarp Print pompadoureffects and the broad tail velours, the warm rich colored mousseline and chiffon dress velvets, with the hundred or more other weaves, make an attractive collection that will repay a visit. Second Floor Imported Satin Messaline-sheer beautiful quality-a happy purchase of an importer's delayed shipment, enables us to offer 50 piece in a splendid assortment of colors, including white and ivory, at a sale price; a yard ..... $1.00 Shirt Waist Sulting Silks-Special new designs Mousseline Bengalines-An imported silk and Plaid Taffetas-Clan colorings as well as the in the small faconne on checks; 75c wool dress fabric and a fashion- 85c modest French tones; leading val- 85c we offer unusual values at $1 and .. able one; desirable; all colors, yard ues-yard, $1.25, $1.00 and ........ Plain Louisines, Peau de Cygnes, Crepe de Chines, Taffetas-unequaled at 85c, 75c and 58c. BLACK SILKS VELVETS We are generously proud of our new possession, the celebrated Moleskin, velour and broad tail velvets for cloaks at lowest "Moneybak. " long wearing black dress silks. With the pur- prices. Mousseline chiffon silk velvets, new browns, chaseofeach dress you carry genuine silk insurance. $1.25 terra cotta, leather, $2.50, $2.00 and ... $1.50 Ayard, $2.00, $1.50 and.. Black paon and chiffon velvets from $1.00 85c black silk crepe de chines and taffetas, genuine bar- gains.. 68c $5.00 Oddlot of all silk Lyons velvets, 85 00 quality, good color assort 75c imported black taffetas-special ... 58c ment, many of the season's new shades, reduced $2.50 to ...... Box Hoisery Sale: Prices Lower Than Ever. Importations for H. G. Selfridge & Co. to Be Disposed Of. THAT tells the reasonwhywe are in a position to make this arecord-breaking box hosiery sale. Thousands of dozens of pairs ordered abroad for, and stamped with name of H. G. Selfridge & Co. came to us when we parchased this business. It is all new, desirable merchandise. But we desire to have on our shelves only the Eiffel brand hosiery. Hence these prices. First floor. WOMEN'S HOSE . MEN'S HOSE . Reg. price, Perbox, Reg. price, Perbox, Reg. price, Per box, per pair. Sixpairs. perpair. Six pairs. perpair. Sixpairs. 25c Black cotton double sole or 250 Black cotton, double sole, $ 1.00 50c Black cotton, with linen spliced double sole, heels and split sole ... $ 1.00 toes $2.15 350 Black cotton double or split $ 1.25 sole or white fcot......... 35c Black lisle, fine gauge; black cotton, split sole or white foot... $1.35 75c Black cotton, brilliant mer- $2.50 400Black cotton fine gauze.... $ 1.50 cerized black gauze lisle or black cotton, extra heavy...... 50c Black cotton, double sole, 40c Black lisle or cotton, split sole and ribbed top. $1.65 $1.00 Black brilliant lisle or $4.00 60chand seamed. $ 1.75 black cotton.. Fine Egyptian, black cotton, 50c Black lisle thread; very fine or split sole or white feet .... $2.00 split sole, black cotton, very fine, $1.85 $1.25 Black ingrain lisle; four plain black fine cotton or outsize or ribbed tops......... thread or split sole....... $5.00 75cmercerized. $2.50 Children's 35c linen knee hose, outwear all other kinds, 3 pairs for 75c. In the Basement Store: Women's plain black cotton, box of six pairs, 65c, 75c, $1, $1.15. Men's, 45c, 60с, 75c. Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin Vol. IV. CHICAGO , FEBRUARY 3, 1904. No. 10. ROBERT MORRIS ANTI -CRUELTY SOCIETY. These are the questions asked by the examining board: I. Do you like animals ? By Flora Helm, Head Assistant Robert Morris School , 2. Do you dislike to see them abused ? (Read at a meeting of District Council No. 1 , Jan. 3. Do you approve of the use of birds in mil- 6, 1905. ) linery? Let us consider briefly the three well recognized 4. Do you believe in hunting for sport or rec- reation? methods of correcting an existing evil-force, char- ity, and education. 5. Do you promise, if admitted as a member of Force attacks the generator or creator of that the society, to do all in your power to cultivate a evil to the extent, variously, of eradication, repres- love for dumb animals and to use your influence with others to the same end ? sion, or minimizing. Charity directs its attention to the victim of the 6. Are you answering these questions for to- evil either by protection or alleviation. day or for all time ? Education deals with the future, and regards 7. Do you promise not to desert any animal both the evil and the victim. Education attempts that has been of use or pleasure to you because it is too old or too disabled to be of further use or • to produce a situation in which the evil cannot flourish, or, under the possibility of its retaining a pleasure to you ? small foot-hold, a condition in which the would- 8. Do you promise never to desert an animal be victim is rendered defensive and immune. that is dependent upon you ? Reforms are the most comprehensive and the 9. Do you promise to do all in your power to most decisive when the three methods are com- diminish the cruelty to, and suffering of animals ? bined. 10. Do you promise if it is necessary to kill an Take for an example, the sociological science animal to do it as painlessly as possible ? pertaining to criminality. II . Do you promise not to kill unless for the Legal force is directed to the suppression of necessity or safety of yourself or others ? crime; charity establishes reformatories, and asy- The officers are a president, vice president, secre- lums for the dependents of the criminals, and, if tary, treasurer and examing board of three mem- necessary the victims of the crime; schools attempt bers. These are elected from their own body by the members . to educe those forces in the young which will make them normal instead of abnormal and hence strong The regular sessions consist of the pupils of the morally to overcome the temptation to crime from eighth and seventh grades ( who are members ) and within and strong mentally to resist the outward two delegates from each of the other grades elected activities of the criminal class. by those grades. It meets once a month at 3:30 The evil which is at present the most prevalent, under the supervision of its director-the head as- sistant. the least recognized, and the least agitated against is cruelty to animals. This evil occupies the same It has a regular constitution and by-laws. It was position in the course of sociological evolution that organized March 15, 1903 , as a chapter of the Chi- slavery did prior to the Civil War. That is, its cago Anti-Cruelty Society. existence is recognized by a few progressive mor- It uses the three methods of operation necessary alists and thinkers, but it is not universally enough to reform an evil-force, charity, education. recognized to cause it to be the subject of radical In the way of force-legal force in this case, it reform. co -operates with and receives the assistance of As soon as it does become universally recognized the Illinois Humane Society. It holds communica- it will be reformed . tion, through its directors, with President Shortall The majority of people want a thing that is and Attorney Scott who advise and help them in wrong rectified. Ignorance of the existence of cases requiring legal authority and direction. the evil on the part of the people is the first obsta- Officers Krause, Nolan and Coad investigate and cle to reform. manage cases of cruelty reported to them by the The Robert Morris Anti-Cruelty Society was or- members . ganized for the purpose of overcoming the evil of With the work of these officers, the Society has cruelty to animals. It consists of all the pupils of been the means of breaking up four gangs of boys the school who sign a pledge and pass an oral ex- and young men in the vicinity of the school but amination satisfactorily by the examining board. whose members do not belong to the school, 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. One of these gangs was reported for shooting to interfere with the cruelty and to take the sling- and roasting birds to the disgust and horror of the shot away. neighborhood ; another for torturing a cat and af- In the spring of 1904 the Society had printed terwards tying it to the railroad tracks ; another 528 circulars of the city ordinance against shooting for torturing a bird, after wounding it ; and still birds. These were sent to eleven neighboring another for breaking the leg of a chicken. In all schools besides the Robert Morris for distribution these cases, the parents were visited, the members among the pupils, were posted in the neighborhood of the gang required to absent themselves from and permission obtained by the Union Traction Co. their loafing headquarters, one member was sent to put ten in the Evanston cars . to the Reform School, another to the Parental School, and in all cases, embryo criminals were Along the line of charity, the members of this or- doubtless checked in their first steps downward. ganization have found homes for lost dogs and cats, have carried to the Anti-Cruelty Refuge (Di- Cruel drivers of horses have been reported to vision and Clark streets) a great many maimed the Humane Society. Cases of lame, galled and and suffering animals, have fed birds, have restored over-driven horses that have been neglected as to young birds to their nests, rescued cats and dogs care and food, have been reported. These reports from perilous positions, fed hungry animals, picked are handled in the following manner : The pupils up broken glass and nails from the streets, and re- of each room are instructed what items to note in proved and pleaded with cruel people. There has the case as address of driver, the cruelty inflicted, never been in the course of this work a single in- the date and location of the act of cruelty. These stance heard of where any child was bitten, kicked, items are reported to the delegate of the room. He mistreated or injured by an animal. But, of course, reports them to the director or president of the they are instructed in prudence and care along these Society, who sends them on postal card or by tele- lines. Education is, of course, the most powerful phone to the Humane Society. factor in this organization for over-coming evil. In many cases employers have been directly com- The children who have pets as pigeons, cats, nunicated with about the neglect and cruelty of dogs, rabbits, squirrels and song birds, give talks their employes. The Society has also received help to the others on the traits and habits of these and to interfere with the shooting and torturing of birds the best methods of caring for them. from Lieutenant Damann and Officer Hughes of The rights of animals are discussed. The laws, the Sheffield avenue police station. The most in- as well as the absence of laws, for their benefit dis- teresting case the children have agitated is the fol- cussed at the meetings. lowing: Such literature as Matka and Kotik by David Having received a letter, addressed to Mr. Shortall Star Jordan, Seton's Stories, Black Beauty, Beau- and Printed in the Chicago Tribune, of terrible and tiful Joe, A-Hunting the Deer in the Adirondacks, unusual cruelty practised towards the horses and and A Call From the Wild are brought within sledgedogs in the camps of a certain lumber district their reach . in the state of Michigan, the Society opened a cor- Humane literature has been furnished the So- respondence with Senator Mueller of the Illinois ciety free by C. A. Hamlin of Syracuse, N. Y. legislature with regard to the matter. Dr. Dearborn , assistant curator of the Field Colum- Through the kindness of Senator Mueller the bian Museum, gave them a talk on birds and their matter was brought to the attention of the Govern- habits with lantern views . or of Illinois. The Society received a letter from the Outsiders are invited to address them occasional- Governor's secretary stating that the Governor of ly. And they are especially educated to consider Illinois had had his attention called to the matter and that he had forwarded the correspondence to the rights of others, especially those that are help- less. the Governor of Michigan for his investigation. Do you not believe, teachers, parents, citizens, The Society also sent $5 to the writer of the that this kind of reform work is going to lessen Tribune letter to help toward opening a Humane crime in the future, lead to better legislation in Society in this lumber camp. It received a reply humane matters, make strong and active men and from the lady stating she had started the society women, deepen moral consciousness, widen inter- and would print the letter of the Robert Morris So- ests, evolve genuine citizenship and develop uni- ciety in the city paper. versal love and feeling ? With regard to sling-shots and the shooting of birds, the following items are of interest : Different members have taken away by force or WOMAN SUFFRAGE BILL IN LEGISLATURE . otherwise from men and boys thirty-two sling- shots which they keep hanging up in a row as trophies of On February 9 a hearing will be given in the a righteous war. house committee of the Illinois Legislature on the Sling-shot cases are handled in three different pending suffrage bill. Many advocates of woman ways. If the offender is a member of the school, suffrage will speak on this measure, which we pub- he is brought before the examining board and dealt lished in the Bulletin of January 20. At the last with according to the case. If a member of some session of the Legislature a hearing on another other school, his name is immediately reported by suffrage measure, limited to tax-paying women, was the secretary or other official to the principal of had in the hall of representatives and it was ad- that school. If not a member of any school one or dressed by many able women and well attended by more members are appointed a committee to visit the members of the legislature. Following are the boy's parents or employers to get their promise some significant utterances on this question: CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 3 Our Civilization Demands the Enfranchisement of the South, the relation of master and slave contin- Women. uing in all other respects. Rev. Dr. Rainsford of St. George's Church, New "To-day you are asked to confer the ballot upon York, calls attention to the many reasons why wom- woman, the owner of herself and property. She en should receive the ballot. He says : who can vote in the bank meeting on her own stock "Whether we greet it with dismay or hopeful- simply asks her vote may be counted when the ques- ness, one of the results of our civilization is that tion of continuing the banking system is to be set- legislation is entering on spheres which are pe- tled. She who can vote in the railroad where she culiarly woman's. Once upon a time legislation is owner simply asks to have her opinion weighed chiefly had to do with protection of property. Now when the policy of dealing with railroads is deter- we legislate about homes, sanitary questions, edu- mined . She who can serve on the school committee cation, relations to labor and capital, licensing asks to have her voice counted when the school questions, the drink trade, etc., all moral questions laws are considered. She who can earn money in that in the most intimate way affect the home as an honest business to pay her taxes, thinks she well as the outside interests of life, and questions ought to have something to say when those taxes on which woman is not only a judge, but decidedly are to be expended. She who can discuss every the best judge. It is most unreasonable and unfair public question in the press or on the platform, and that in these questions where experience is vital, shock no man, demands that when she steps down and all her tenderest interests are immediately af- from the platform her reason may be reinforced fected, her influence should be confined to an in- by her vote." direct influence, and her vote, if recorded at all, only Woman's Rights to the Ballot the Same as Man's, recorded through pressure on her husband or her sons . The press dispatches say : " Several women in Denver have been arrested "Life has a way of outgrowing law in this world ; and when it does, law must fit itself to life. We charged with selling their votes. Is this the way legislate on a hundred things our fathers never woman suffrage is purifying politics ?" dreamed of legislating on. From this elaborate arguments are drawn show- "To-day the life of our women has grown wider, ing that women should not be given the right to vote. has led them up to this point where they come ask- ing the suffrage, and neither common sense nor the If the question of woman's voting was entirely a interests of the nation will permit its being refused question of expediency, the fraud of a few women to them. might constitute a very weak little argument "Politics and political science must soon be seen against it. as they are a living and ennobling effort to carry But woman's right to the ballot and man's right into the life of mankind principles of highest moral- to the ballot rest on precisely the same ground.. ity, and so to raise and keep aloft men's lives, as This government is called a democracy. A de- well as to defend men's pockets. mocracy is a government under which the people "In bringing about this better view and day, I make their own laws and choose their own rulers. am very sure the morality and idealism of American Men and women are people, therefore men and womanhood must find its place. And so, for my women have the right to vote. part, I have done and will do what in me lies to " Several women" in Colorado sold their votes win for the womanhood of our nation a voice in its at the recent election. Several hundred thousand fateful councils." men all over the country sold their votes. If the Senator Hoar on Women's Progress. " several women" in Colorado furnish an argument against woman suffrage, do not the several hundred Among the many reforms advocated by the late thousand men furnish an infinitely stronger argu- United States Senator Hoar was equal suffrage for ment against man suffrage ? women. He repeatedly presided at the annual fes- We do not disfranchise all men because some tivals of the New England Woman Suffrage Asso- men are corrupt. We ought not to disfranchise all ciation, and scored with his wit and logic the op- women because some women are corrupt. And the ponents of equal rights. On one occasion he said : purification of politicts can be accomplished in no "We are apt to be impatient of the slow advance speedier way than by carrying out the principles of this cause. I think we may rather wonder that of democratic government. it has advanced so much. CAROLINE HALL. "Thirty years ago, the question was of giving : the suffrage in this country to a class of persons The Ballot of Great Benefit to Women. inferior in every legal relation ; not entitled to the Lillian Whiting, the well-known journalist and legal custody of their own persons ; not permitted literary writer, has spent considerable time in Colo- to control their own property ; shut out by a public rado where she has observed the general effect upon opinion more tyrannous and inflexible than any con- women of the responsibilities of full citizenship. stitutional restraint from almost every form of prof- In a recent letter to the Washington, D. C. , Post itable employment, from learned professions and she says: from the public platform; whose legal relation to "No one, I think, could pass any length of time the other sex was half that of a servant to a mas- in Colorado without being convinced of the ines- ter, half that of a ward to a guardian. To-day, it timable value of political enfranchisement to women is the question of giving to citizens equal in every in its enlargement and stimulating of the intellect- other respect, equality in the one final matter of the ual life, and its tendency to constantly and increas- ballot. To talk of suffrage for women thirty years ingly efface the trivial and the inconsequential with ago was almost like talking of negro suffrage at (Continued on page 5.) 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION only recently made public. There is much more to the same purpose, but this will serve as a sum- BULLETIN ming up : Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, " The first thing which now lies before the govern- Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, ment is the abolition of that oppression which pre- December 23, 1901. vents the people from expressing their desires and THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the needs. One cannot do good to a man whose mouth year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of has been gagged in order not to hear what he de- AprilandDecember, by the Chicago Teachers' Federation. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single sires for his welfare. Only after having ascer- copies, Five Cents. ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received tained the desires and needs of your people, or of byTuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to the majority of them, is it possible to rule the peo- the order of the Federation Bulletin. ple and to do them good. THE EDITOR , "Dear brother, you have but one life in this 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO . Dusiness office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m . Phone Central 3904. world, and you can spend it painfully in futile ef- forts to arrest the God-ordained progress of man- kind from evil to good, from darkness to light, or LETTER OF TOLSTOY TO CZAR. you may, entering into the needs and desires of the Written Three Years Ago. people and devoting your life to their satisfaction, peacefully and joyously pass it in the service of God "Autocracy is an outgrown form of government and man." which may answer to the demands of a people somewhere in Central Africa, apart from the whole SPECIAL NOTICE . world, but not the demands of the Russian people, which is growing ever more enlightened by the en- Meeting to Discuss Educational Chapter of New Charter lightenment common to the whole world ; and there- On February 11, 1905, at 8 p. m., in Music Hall, fore it is possible to maintain this form of govern- Fine Arts building, 203 Michigan avenue (near ment and the orthodoxy connected with it-as, in- Congress street) , the meeting arranged by the Chi- deed, is now being done-only by every kind of vio- cago Federation of Labor for the purpose of hear- lence, special control, arbitrary exilements, execu- ing all parties interested in the educational chapter tions, religious persecutions, prohibitions of books of the new charter will take place. and papers, distortion of education, and, in general, The president of the Board of Education and every kind of bad and cruel deeds. "Such have hitherto been the actions of your the superintendent of schools have been invited. reign, beginning with the answer to the Tver dep- Miss Jane Addams, Miss Margaret A. Haley, Dr. utation, which called forth the general indignation Emil G. Hirsch and Superintendent Cooley will of all the Russian public, when you called the most speak, and President Dold of the Chicago Federa- legitimate desires of the people ' senseless dream- tion of Labor will preside. ings,' and continuing in all your measures, concern- The public interested is invited to be present. ing Finland, Chinese appropriations, your project of The Hague Conference accompanied by the in- HULL HOUSE MEETING . crease of the army, your weakening of self-govern- To Discuss New Charter Provisions, Feb. 10. ment and strengthening of administrative despot- ism, your support of persecution for faith, your con- On February 10, at 8 p. m., a meeting will be sent to the institution of the spirit monopoly-i. e., held at Hull House, under the auspices of the Hull governmental trading in that poison which is ruin- House Woman's Club, to discuss the letter of ing the people-and, lastly, your insistence in main- President Mark. Mr. E. G. Cooley and Miss Mar- taining corporal punishment notwithstanding all the garet A. Haley will speak. All are invited. petitions which are being addressed to you for the abolition of this senseless and utterly useless meas- ure which disgraces the Russian people. All these MEETING AT DR. RONDTHALER'S CHURCH, are deeds which you could not have committed had FEB. 13 . you not, according to the advice of your light- On February 13, at 8 p. m., a public meeting will minded helpers, put before yourself the impossible be held at Dr. Rondthaler's church, Sixty-ninth and aim not only of arresting the life of the people, but Yale avenue, to discuss all phases of the educational of reverting it to its former and outlived condition. question. Miss Margaret Haley has been invited "By measures of coercion one can oppress a to present needs of the schools from the stand- people, but not rule them. The only means in our point of the teachers. time to rule the people indeed is placing oneself at the head of the movement of the people from evil to good, from darkness to light, to lead them CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION. to the attainment of the objects nearest to this end. The regular meeting of the Chicago Teachers ' In order to be able to do this it is first of all neces- Federation will be held at 412 Masonic Temple, sary to give the people the possibility of expressing February 11 , 1905. Special order of business, nom- their desires and wants, then lending ear to these de- ination of officers . sires and wants, to fulfil those of them which will The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teachers ' answer the demands not of one class or category, Federation will meet Monday, February 13, 1905, but of the majority, the mass of the working at 4 p. m., in Room 437, Unity Bldg. people." FLORENCE E. TENNERRY, This was written many months ago, although Cor. Secretary. CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 5 (Continued from page 3.) An Unintended Tribute . the significant, the interesting, the more important It is going the rounds of the newspapers that one themes of thought and consideration. It was my Mrs. Rosa Snyder of Denver has been arrested for privilege to pass several weeks of 1901, and again buying votes. This will doubtless cause great re- of 1903-1904, in the resplendent and beautiful Cen- joicing among the anti-suffragists, and be quoted tennial State. as proof of the corruption that the possession of the "No woman of ordinary intelligence could pass ballot will work in the nature of woman. much time in Colorado without realizing the mar- Before subscribing to such a rash conclusion, let velous effect of the ballot on the women themselves us recall a few facts. It has been estimated that in its enlargement of their intellectual life and the there are 500,000 foreigners in this country who redeeming of conversational interests to a far more possess fraudulent naturalization papers. The of- significant quality. ficers of the Immigration Bureau intimate that 100,- "The tone of conversation at women's lunches, at ooo were issued last year. An attorney for the fed- receptions, at clubs, or in mere incidental meetings, eral government declares that there are 30,000 in is so infinitely redeemed to a higher significance New York city alone. While this vast swindle by the introduction of larger interests, without in means an immense number of corrupt men who are the least sacrificing the interests of those literary, responsible for it, it is only one part of the enor- educational , artistic and social concerns which, in mous amount of fraud attending our elections. The non-suffrage states, are the chief themes of thought whole field of vote-buying remains untouched. and discussion among cultivated women. The newspapers would not think it worthy of "The charge of fraudulent voting is said, by com- special mention that one man was arrested for buy- petent judges, like Hon. Alva Adams, ex-governor ing votes, because everybody knows that thousands and now governor-elect of Colorado, to be infinitely of men bought votes ; and it cannot be considered less true of the woman's than of the man's vote. as anything short of a tribute to her sex, that, It is not to be claimed that women are all ideal crea- while women in four states had an equal chance tions; but it is justly to be claimed that higher and with men, only one woman fell by the wayside. larger responsibilities are educative-to both men Surely the ballot in the hands of women has and women ." proved a blessing far beyond expectation, and the A Vexed Question Settled. newspapers in calling attention to the shortcomings of Mrs. Rosa Snyder are paying women a great The statements as to what class of women voted compliment in bringing to public notice, how high in the equal-suffrage states have been so notori- must be the standard when one delinquent receives ously conflicting, that in the interest of settling a so much publicity. vexed question, the New York Tribune had a rep- ANNA CADOGAN ETZ . sentative in Denver observe the true state of af- fairs at the recent presidential election. Three Legislative Circuses . This report, appearing as it does in the pages of a great metropolitan journal, that has not been Within the last few days three European parlia- particularly friendly to woman suffrage, ought to ments have resolved themselves into a circus. In quiet the enemies and cheer the friends of equal the Spanish chamber, according to the dispatches : suffrage. The reporter declares, that Denver fam- "The president, being threatened with personal ilies go in groups to vote in polling places that violence, had to be protected by the clerks and at- are everywhere clean, sanitary, and respectable ; tendants. The crucifix behind the president's that the wealthiest precinct wore the air of a fash- chair was overturned by blows of sticks ; all the ionable reception; that in the poorer districts la- writing material on adjacent desks was swept to boring women went with their husbands and cast the floor, and ink-stands were flung at the vice- their votes with serious dignity and that the women president." voted in greater numbers than ever before. In the French chamber, soon after, there was As to that omni-present bugbear of the conserv- " terrific uproar. " The dispatches say : ative, the vote of the bad women, this reporter "The chamber quickly became a bear garden, sends no uncertain message. As a usual thing the and several blows were exchanged. M. Syveton disreputable women neither care to vote nor will struck Gen. Andre in the face, causing blood to vote if they can get out of it. Sometimes when flow. There was fighting almost everywhere on an election is close, they are obliged to vote to ob- the floor." tain police protection, but the reporter was in- And now at Budapest the Hungarian mem- formed by an old political worker, that he had bers of parliament have likewise been acting in a known whole colonies of disreputable women to violent and tumultuous manner, with the original leave the city on election day. Ward workers uni- feature that one of them "threatened the president versally acknowledge that it is almost impossible with a pair of scissors." to get them to go to the polls. Suppose any such scene had taken place at a Considering that it takes thirty bad men to sup- meeting of the General Federation of Women's port one immoral woman, friends of good govern- Clubs. Would not all the papers opposed to equal ment cannot but wish that some means might be rights have pointed to it as clear proof that Amer- devised whereby the disreputable women when they ican women are too excitable to vote ? And would leave the city on election day might be enabled to not the incident of the scissors, in particular, have take the bad men with them. been characterized as peculiarly feminine ? ANNA CADOGAN ETZ . ALICE STONE BLACKWELL. 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. BOARD OF EDUCATION . An ordinary echo is a curious thing; but, accord- Wed. Feb. 1 , 1905 . ing to a Frenchman at a watering-place in the Pyrenees, one echo on the Franco-Prussian frontier The following report was adopted : is far from ordinary. "As soon as you have spok- "The Superintendent recommends that Section en," said the Frenchman, who had secured an au- 236 of the rules of the Board of Education be dience of wide-eyed tourists, "you hear distinctly amended by the addition of the following clause the voice leap from rock to rock, from precipice to after line 10 : precipice, and as soon as it has passed the frontier " 'Provided, that on the death of a teacher a dele- it assumes the Spanish tongue ! "-Argonaut. gation of three teachers of the same school, includ- ing the principal, may be permitted to attend the funeral during school hours, without loss of sal- ary.'" Principals of the Goethe and Von Humboldt ANNOUNCEMENT ! schools were censured for not complying with the The Henry George Lecture Association presents rules regarding requisitions for supplies . the following lectures at Handel Hall , 40 East Randolph Street, Chicago: Thursday, Jan. 19, 8 p. m. Prof. W. L. Tom- One day in a crowded street car, Rabbi Hirsch , lins, Director Tomlins School of Music- of Chicago, got up to give his seat to a woman. "Music. Its Relation to a Larger Life." Much to the Jewish divine's disgust, a young man Thursday, Jan. 26, 8 p. m . Clarence S. Dar- scrambled into it before the lady could take it. For row-"The Vain Pursuit." some moments the rabbi glared at the offender in Thursday, Feb. 2 , 8 p. m. Prof. W. D. Mac- silence. Finally the rude young man, growing Clintock of the Chicago University-“Poe- try and the Common Life ." restless, said : " Wot are you staring at me for ? You look as if you would like to eat me!" "I'm Thursday, Feb. 9, 8 p. m . Louis F. Post, forbidden to do that," answered Rabbi Hirsch ; Editor The Public- "Altgeld's Last Book : ' The Cost of Something for Nothing. ” " I'm a Jew." Thursday , Feb. 16, 8 p. m. Prof. W. M. R. French , Director the Art Institute-"An Hour with the Caricaturists ." Only the deaf and dumb Thursday, Feb. 23, Ernest Howard Crosby fail to appreciate the --"Walt Whitman, A Study in Dem- ocracy." TELEPHONE Course Tickets, Si Single Admission, 250 now-a-days . Tickets may be procured from the following: Miss Leonora Beck, 36 South Wood St. , phone 625 Business Residence& 5 Cents and per day up. Seeley; Dr. Anna M. Lund, 1014 Masonic Temple, phone 3691 Central; Nellie Carlin, 1202 Ashland CHICAGO TELEPHONE CO . Building; Frances L. Dusenberry, care of Purdy Publishing Co. , McVicker's Theater Building. 203 Washington Street. Would you see how the world was made ? Visit Grand Canyon of Arizona Santa Fe Deep down in the earth you go for more than a mile All the Way President Roosevelt says, every American should see it New $250,000 Grand Canyon hotel, "El Tovar," open January 1, 1905 Ask J. M. Connell, of A. T. & S. F. Ry. , 109 Adams Street, Chicago. 5 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 7 PIANO BUYERS Find Strong Temptation -IN- February Sale -OP- The Manufacturers Annual Clearing at the Kimball Warerooms Means Much for Enrichment of the Home Life. Extraordinary piano buying continues at the Manufacturers' Warerooms, 243Wabash Ave. , S. W. Corner Jackson Blvd. Besides being apowerful ap- peal to the money-saving motive, this sale includes many instruments of the highest type of the piano maker's art. Kimball Pianos are the product of a home factory. For years their praiseshave been sung by the world's masters in music. They are within reach of the purchaser of limited means, for they go directly from the great Kimball factories to the home. Unlimited resources of the producers enable them to give the purchaser possession of the instrument while making payment; hencethe wisdom of many purchasers anticipating their wants by several months, for rarely do conditions bring such mighty inducements. FEBRURAY ONLY New Eastern Plano and Kimball Piano Player, regular price ............ $ 445 20 Rolls of Music, for operating the Player ... .............. 20 Total ...... $ 465 Special Offer, complete . .. ..$275 Easy Payments if Desired. W. W. KIMBALL CO. (ESTABLISMED 1887) Southwest Corner Wabash Ave. and Jackson Blvd. 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . CARSON PIRIE SCOTT & CO. STATE AND MADISON STREETS-Building formerly occupied by H. G. Selfridge & Co., andby Schlesinger & Mayer. Telephone, Private Exchange, 2. " We Find Everything Here Far Beyond Expectation" That was the unvarying comment of visitors during our Autumn Opening. Such emphatic approval of what we have accomplished, after only two weeks in the new location, is our war- rant for repeating: We have the Facilities, the Merchandise and the Prices to make this the most satisfactory shopping place in Chicago. Every day, as the house organization settles into the new surroundings, brings improvement. THE BASEMENT STORE offers remarkable values every day. New goods at very low prices. Broken lines from the old store at sharp reductions from closing out sale price there. Interesting New Silks and Velvets. THE Burlinghamsand Burlingham sacking rough silk suitings, the dainty Warp Printpompadour effects and the broad tail velours, the warm rich colored mousseline and chiffon dress velvets, with the hundred or more other weaves, make an attractive collection that will repay a visit. Second Floor Imported Satin Messaline sheer beautiful quality-a happy purchase of an importer's delayed shipment, enables us to offer 50 piece ina splendid assortment of colors, including white and ivory, at a sale price; a yard ... $1.00 Shirt Waist Sulting Silks-Special new designs Mousseline Bengalines-An imported silk and Plaid Taffetas-Clan colorings as well as the in the small faconne on checks; wool dress fabric and a fashion- modest French tones; leading val- weoffer unusual values at $1 and.. 75c able one; desirable; all colors, yard 85c ues-yard, $1.25, $1.00 and....... 85c Plain Louisines, Peau de Cygnes, Crepe de Chines, Taffetas-unequaled at 85c, 75c and 58c. BLACK SILKS VELVETS We are generously proud of our new possession, the celebrated Moleskin, velour and broad tail velvets for cloaks at lowest "Moneybak." long wearing black dress silks. With the pur- prices. Mousseline chiffon silk velvets, new browns, chase ofeach dress you carry genuine silk insurance. Ayard, $2.00, $1.50 and... $1.25 terra cotta, leather, $2.50, $2.00 and ...... $1.50 Black paon and chiffon velvets from #1.00 85c black silk crepe de chines and taffetas, genuine bar- gains 68c $5.00 Odd lot of all silk Lyons velvets, 85.00 quality, good color assort- 75c imported black taffetas-special ment, many of the season's new shades, reduced 58c to...... $2.50 Box Hoisery Sale: Prices Lower Than Ever. Importations for H. G. Selfridge & Co. to Be Disposed Of. THAT tells the reasonwhywe are in a position to make this a record-breaking box hosierysale. Thousands of dozens of pairs ordered abroad for, and stamped with name of H. G. Selfridge & Co. came to us when we parchased this business. It is all new, desirable merchandise. But we desire to have on our shelves only the Eiffel brand hosiery. Hence these prices. First floor. WOMEN'S HOSE . MEN'S HOSE. Reg. price, Perbox, Reg. price, Perbox, Reg. price, Per box, perpair. Six pairs. per pair. Six pairs. perpair. Six pairs, 25c Black cotton double sole or 25c Black cotton, double heel and toes ... sole, $1.00 50c Black cotton, with linen spliced double sole, heels and split sole . $ 1.00 35cBlack lisle, fine gauge; black toes $2.15 350 Black cotton double or split sole or white fcot .......... $ 1.25 cotton, split sole or white foot... $1.35 750 Black cotton, brilliant mer- cerized black gauze lisle or $2.50 400 Black cotton fine gauze ....... $ 1.50 black cotton, extra heavy ...... 40c Black lisle or cotton, split sole and ribbed top.... $1.65 $1.00 Black brilliant lisle or $4.00 500 Black cotton, double sole, $ 1.75 black cotton..... 60c Fine Egyptian, black cotton, 50cBlack lisle thread; very fine or split sole or white feet .. $2.00 split sole, black cotton,very fine, $ 1.85 $1.25 Black ingrain lisle; four $5.00 75c plain black fine cotton or outsize or ribbed tops........ thread or split sole....... mercerized. $2.50 Children's 35c linen knee hose, outwear all other kinds, 3 pairs for 75c. In the Basement Store: Women's plain black cotton, box of six pairs, 65c, 75c, $1, $1.15. Men's, 45c, 60с, 75c. Chicago Teachers' Federation Vol. IV . Bulletin 100 CHICAGO , FEBRUARY 10, 1905. No. 11 . PRELIMINARY REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON course, be studied in comparison with actual sal- SALARIES, TENURE, AND PENSIONS aries-the salary roll. OF TEACHERS . 3. Salaries in typical towns of under 8,000 in- habitants. Special Committee of the N. E. A. July, 1904 . 4. Salaries in typical ungraded rural schools . 5. The nature of the fund or appropriation from which teachers' salaries are paid (i. e., whether a BY CARROLL D. WRIGHT, CHAIRMAN . special salary fund, not subject to diminution from the fluctuation of other expenditures, or drawn The committee appointed "to inquire and report from a general educational fund ) . upon the salaries, tenure, of office, and pension pro- 6. Important incidental facts relating to teachers ' visions of teachers in the public schools of the salaries. United States" was not able to get together and organize the work of investigation until late in the 7. The purchasing power of teachers' salaries in different localities. fall. With an entire accord as to the lines to be 8. Tenure of office of teachers . followed in the investigation, plans were quickly agreed upon, and the active work of collection of 9. Pensions of teachers. data was begun at once. The investigation of salaries being the basis of The members of the committee were of the opin- the whole inquiry and the most complicated portion of it, the efforts of the committee were first directed ion that the investigation to be undertaken should be comprehensive and thorough, so far as salaries toward securing as complete salary data as possi- are concerned, as to all classes of teachers and as to ble. Along with the salary data, however, material all localities. It was believed that the salary ques- has been gathered bearing upon all the subjects under study. tion could not be thoroughly understood or intel- ligently discussed except upon the basis of com- The inquiries relating to cities and towns of 8,- prehensive salary data from the cities, both large ooo or more inhabitants called upon the city super- and small, from the small towns, and from the un- intendents or other officials for the complete salary graded rural schools as well. list for teachers and supervising officers covering It was further apparent that the actual salaries the last year, the fixed salary schedule governing paid could not be fully understood until studied in salary rates ( if such schedule had been adopted) , and the other facts in regard to teachers' salary the light of the schedules determining the salary funds, tenure of office, and pensions. The super- rates and the rules governing the increase of sal- intendents have for the most part co-operated heart- aries according to service, or grade, or merit, as the ily in the work, and the thanks of the committee are case might be. The promise of the salary schedule due them for valuable aid. must be judged by comparison with the results in the salary pay-roll. In answer to the inquiries, up to June 10, out The nature of the fund or appropriation from of 546 cities and towns of 8,000 or more inhabit- which teachers' salaries are paid also seemed im- ants, 85 per cent, representing 89,000 teachers, had portant, for in certain cases the salaries have been responded with a portion of the desired data in some form. Two-thirds of the whole number had subject to diminution from the fluctuations of other expenditures or from other causes, and special reported the complete details in regard to salaries legislation has been deemed necessary to safeguard paid. Only 15 per cent (eighty cities) had failed to the interests of the teachers and to maintain the reply to the request for information, and it is be- standard of instruction in the schools . lieved that reports will ultimately be obtained from at least one-half of this number. These cities, it With these points in view to be studied, the in- may be remarked, had in 1900 a poulation of over vestigations of the committee have been carried on 25,000,000-one-third of the population of the to cover the following lines of inquiry : whole country. 1. Actua! salaries paid in cities and towns of The data sought from typical towns of less than 8,000 or more inhabitants. These are 546 in num- 8,000 inhabitants are similar to those sought from ber. the cities and towns of 8,000 or over. Each state 2. Fixed salary schedules in cities and towns of superintendent was asked to secure the data from 8,000 or more inhabitants, wherever such schedules three typical towns or cities of less than 8,000 in- have been adopted. These schedules should, of habitants, one of which requires the maximum ex 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . penditure for cost of living, one a medium expendi- of elementary schools in Washington is much larger ture, and one a minimum expenditure. Each state than in any of the other cities. But if salaries of superintendent was also asked to secure for the prir.cipals and teachers in elementary schools are committee data from twenty-four ungraded rural averaged together, the relative position of Wash- schools in his jurisdiction, eight to represent the ington is improved little, if at all, as this average, so lowest, eight the medium, and eight the highest calculated, of 986 Washington principals and teach- yearly salaries paid to teachers of rural schools . ers is $658, while for the next lowest, Detroit, the As this information relating to the typical towns average of 802 principals and teachers is $690. and rural schools had to be gathered by the state It may be desired to study these salaries some- superintendents by corresondence, the reports have what more in detail. For this purpose tables have naturally been slower in coming in. Up to the been prepared for the six large cities, classifying present time, however, reports are in hand from the salaries of high school teachers and elementary twenty-four states. school principals and teachers. Thus far nearly all the work done has been in The second table shows, in quite as striking a the direction of collecting data as complete as pos- way as the averages, the differences between the sible and in making them ready for tabulation. salaries paid in the several cities. In Washington Naturally little has been done upon a final tabula- over 40 per cent of the high school teachers re- tion, and nothing in the way of summarization and ceive salaries ranging from $500 to $800, while analysis of results, as this cannot properly be taken nearly 87 per cent receive $1,000 or less ; in Mil- up until a large number of the reports have been waukee 52.5 per cent are below the $1,000 line ; in studied and carefully compared. Detroit, 23.8 per cent; in St. Louis, 17.1 per cent ; Some brief tables will here be given as indicating but in Newark only 6.5 per cent, and in Boston only 4.1 per cent. On the other hand, Boston has the character of some of the tables in regard to 32.4 per cent, receiving over $2,000, Newark has yearly salaries which the report of the committee 19.6 per cent, and St. Louis 5.7 per cent. Other will present, covering all cities and towns of 8,000 interesting comparisons may be made. or more inhabitants from which complete salary reports are secured. This number will certainly be A similar table (table III) shows the salaries over 400, and it is hoped that absolutely complete of principals of elementary schools classified. reports can be secured from as many as 500. It will be seen from this table that in Washing- The first table gives for St. Louis, Boston, Mil- ton 83.8 per cent of the principals of elementary schools receive $ 1,000 or less per year, in Detroit waukee, Detroit, Washington and Newark, and also 34.3 per cent, in St. Louis 7.1 per cent, while in for five cities of about 25,000 inhabitants, the popu- Milwaukee and Newark only one person out of lation, the total number of teachers (including su- the whole number receives so low a salary, and in pervising officers) , the salary of superintendents, Boston the lowest salary paid any principal was and the number, minimum, maximum and average $2,700. yearly salary paid to principals and to teachers in The fact that the two cities employing a greater high schools, elementary schools and kindergartens, number of women than men in the position of in each case subdivided to show men and women principals pay very much lower average salaries separately and combined. It should be added that cannot fail to attract attention in this connection. the salaries of supervisors or special teachers of There are without doubt differences in organization music, drawing, manual training, etc., although affecting salaries which the reports furnished to here omitted, will be included in the final report of the committee have not always made clear. the committee. The minimum and maximum sal- The salaries of the elementary teachers (not in- aries here shown are the lowest and highest actual- cluding principals) , which are the largest and ly upon the pay-roll at the time of the report of therefore most important of all the classes of teach- the committee, and have no reference to schedule ers, have also been classified in a table, and the re- rates of minimum or maximum, which may not at sult is shown above (table IV) . the time in question have been the salary of any in- From this table it appears that Washington has dividual teacher. In this table only those reported 306 teachers, or 35 per cent of the elementary as principals have been tabulated under that name, school teachers, receiving $500 or less, Detroit 23.2 and all others have been put down as teachers. per cent, Milwaukee 13.1 per cent, St. Louis 12.5 For example, in Newark sixty-two (one male and per cent, and Newark 10.6 per cent. Of the Bos- sixty-one females ) designated as vice-principals ton teachers the lowest paid are seventy-one in the have been included with the "teachers" in the table. group receiving $551 to $600. The number of These sixty-two receive salaries varying from $850 men teachers in the elementary schools is shown to to $1,200, and averaging $984. In Boston the Me- be very small, Boston, Milwaukee and Washington chanic Arts High School, and in Washington the leading in the order named. Manual Training High School, have been classed Enough has been given to indicate the complete- with the other high schools. Their salaries are ness which the committee desires and confidently slightly lower than those paid in the other high hopes to give to the part of its report which relates schools in the same cities. to salaries . Effort will be made to study the re- This table renders easy a general comparison of ports which have been received, and, so far as an salaries paid in the classes of positions employing understanding of conditions is possible, only those the greatest number of teachers. Considering the facts will be brought into comparison which can six large cities only, it will be seen at a glance properly be compared because of similarity of con- that Boston stands at the top in all classes, and ditions. The data will be summarized to bring out Newark second (except as to superintendent's sal- most clearly the significance of the facts and all ary) . while Washington salaries are lowest. The the facts. fact will be noticed that the number of principals (Continued on page 6.) I. NUMBER IN HIGH ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS KINDERGARTENS TEACHERS PRINCIPALS OF SALARIES YEARLY ,AVERAGE MINIMUM AND AXIMUM of (T Population Here Given is the Estimate Census Bureau ) he Schools High Elementary Schools Kindergartens POPULATION CITY AND Principals Teachers Principals Teachers Directors Teachers IN 1903 . Min .Aver Max M ax ver .A in . Aver Min . .Aver Max Yearly No. A ver ax .Min No. Yearly Yearly No. Yearly Yr'ly Salary Salary Salary Salary Sal'ry Salary Salary Salary Superintendent. ers and Super- vising Officers . Yearly Salary of St. Μ Louis 6...... ,M12,279 o. Number of Teach- 5$,500 ,600 ,304 3$2,135 54 $ 1,096 $ 2 1 53 8,064 ,405 ,970 ,304 96 .. 2,048 $ 1 .... F. 51 600 1,158 1,856 32 728 1,622 2,304 420 $ 1,262 9 $ 48 654 72 228 $ 7 $49 480 : - 1,831 . т 2,304 3,600 3 105 3,135 600 2,064 85 1,285 728 2,304 1,262 1,839 420 948 654 1 2,048 228 272 780 449 Μ Boston .5..... ,M94,618 ass 6,000 3,780 11 4,200 102 3,818 672 3,060 2,700 2,406 58 3,180 3,137 69 1,500 2,460 2,182 F. 120 500 1,620 1,369 1,484 1,212 552 883 1 166 2.880 432 792 657 2,222 .т 11 3,780 4,200 3,818 222 500 1,846 58 3,060 2,700 3,180 1,553 3,137 552 2,460 941 1 2,880 166 432 792 657 ,W .312,736..Μ is Milwaukee 6,000 4 2,000 2,500 37 2,200 850 1,300 1,120 41 1,100 1,700 1,574 52 400 900 718 F. 99 544 : 24 700 1,000 1,040 10 1,700 1,400 673 1,225 400 900 625 450 600 - . т 966 4 2,000 2,500 2,200 61 700 1,700 1,000 1,700 1,089 51 1,506 725 400 900 632 99 600 450 544 : .3..... Μ,M Detroit 09,653 ich 4,000 2,000 3,000 2,33334 1,755 700 1,171 20 1,800 850 1,511 1 800 800 800 75 515 : F. 71 1,400 700 1,040 50 900 1,700 731 1,150 350 1,000 636 350 .. - . т 1,042 3 2,333 105 3,000 2,000 700 1,755 1,082 70 850 1,800 1,253 732 350 1,000 636 75 350 515 8 8: : 2.Μ C. ,D93,217 Washington 4,000 5 1,600 79 1.600 500 1,500 897 20 750 1,500 1,005 31 450 825 544 F. 2 1,600 112 1,600 500 1,500 91 841 1,500 675 978 844 450 1,000 611 76 1,000 250 398 1 - 1,428 т . 7 1,600 191 1,600 500 1,500 864 111 675 1,500 983 875 450 1,000 609 1,000 76 1 398 8 8 2.... Μ,J. 65,394 . Newark 4,500 1 3,500 3,500 3,500 17 1,300 2.200 36 1,988 2,200 1,500 2,017 4 650 1,200 875 F. 29 900 1,203 1,600 6 850 1,400 750 1,175 450 1,200 710 900 450 90 656 8 : - 1- . т 959 3,500 3,500 1 3.500 46 900 2,200 1,493 42 850 2,200 754 1,896 450 1,200 711 1 900 90 450 750 656 Decatur ,122,736 ...... 11. M. 1,600 2,000 1 4 1,600 1,600 5 600 1,250 790 3 550 900 742 F. 13 525 775 648 8 600 775 691 59 315 575 466 - | :: ४४ . т 93 1,600 1 1,600 18 1,600 1,250 525 688 11 550 900 705 59 315 575 466 Anderson Μ,I .2..... 3,010 : 2,880 1,600 : । :: 1 1,600 9 720 1.000 821 2 675 720 698 2 585 630 608 F. 4 675 810 720 8 450 720 630 60 360 720 496 . CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . т . 92 1,600 1,600 13 675 1,000 790 10 450 720 644 62 360 720 499 : | :: :: 1 : Μ Orange ,N J. 2..3,972 . East 3,900 2,900 1 2,900 6 1,100 1,800 1,450 6 2,267 1,900 2,500 2 600 725 663 F. 11 1,250 800 977 73 575 800 660 17 543 675 150 . т 122 1 2,900 17 800 2,500 1,900 1,144 1,800 6 2,267 75 575 800 660 450 543 675 17 :: 1 : Sheboygan ,W Μ is .2... 4,060 1 1,400 5 1,400 650 1,000 800 6 1,200 850 1,067 F. 5 600 800 670 63 400 600 458 21 250 381 溫 :: . т 111 1 1,400 10 600 1,000 735 6 850 1,200 1,067 63 400 60G 458 250 381 500 21 : Waltham ,M4,912 ass 2.... Μ 2,200 2,000 31 900 1,500 1,200 2 1,800 1,800 1,800 F. 11 700 900 818 9 620 680 649 500 700 594 : : :: 8 . т 100 1 2,000 14 700 1,500 900 11 1,800 620 858 500 700 594 23 page 4. ) ontinued Con ( 3 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . Washington, Milwaukee Newark (Continued From Page 3.) Detroit, CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION Boston PRINCIPALS CLASSIFIED Louis, INCLUDING Mass., Mich. TEACHERS SALARIES Mo. Wis., BULLETIN SCHOOLS. St. YEARLY N. J., D. C. HIGH Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, NOT OF IN Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter. II. ) ( December 23, 1901. THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the CITY year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of April andDecember, by the Chicago Teachers' Federation. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year Single copies, Five Cents. ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received byTuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to the orderof the Federation Bulletin THE EDITOR . 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO. Business office hours, 9 am to 5 p. m Phone Central 3904 MRT MRT MET MET MET MET SPECIAL NOTICE . 527 ::: ::: ::: 11 ::: $500 or under Meeting to Discuss Educational Chapter of New Charter ::: 145 ::: ::: ::: ::: $501 to $550 On February 11 , 1905, at 8 p. m., in Music Hall, ::: ::: 59144 ::: ::: 11 $551 to $600 4100114 ::: Fine Arts building, 203 Michigan avenue (near ::: ::: ::: ::: $601 to $650 Congress street), the meeting arranged by the Chi- ::: 549 224 11 1 1 $651 to $700 cago Federation of Labor for the purpose of hear- 3922 Receiving ::: 112 Teachers ::: στοι $701 to $750 Yearly Salary ing all parties interested in the educational chapter ::: 189 11 : 11 ::: 22: $751 to $800 of-- 101424 of the new charter will take place. ::: 11 22 :: 22 : $801 to $850 a 5127 The president of the Board of Education and 224 2 3 : ::: $851 to $900 the superintendent of schools have been invited. . :: Π99 66: ::: ::: $901 to $950 381 77 Miss Jane Addams, Miss Margaret A. Haley, Dr. 22. 224 $951 to $1,000 Emil G. Hirsch and Superintendent Cooley will 22 : 라이 18:27 : 279 $1.001 to $1,100 speak, and President Dold of the Chicago Federa- 22: 017 988 199 亿 忆 $1,101 to $1,200 tion of Labor will preside. ‫عر‬ μ ‫عر‬ ::: 426 22: 이 $1,201 to $1,300 The public interested is invited to be present. 112 ::: ::: 224 2.2 $1,301 to $1,400 ::: 314 7 828 358 $1,401 to $1,500 123 ::: 1 22 HULL HOUSE MEETING . 2381 160 $1,501 to $1,600 482 1 :1 ::: ::: ::: 22 $1.601 to $1.700 To Discuss New Charter Provisions , Feb. 10. 1 :1 6 :6 ::: 1 1 ::: ::: $1.701 to $1,800 On February 10, at 8 p. m., a meeting will be ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: 527 $1.801 to $1,900 held at Hull House, under the auspices of the Hull ::: ::: ::: 5 5 : ::: $1,901 to $2,000 House Woman's Club, to discuss the letter of 6 : ::: ::: ::: $2.001 or over 6 N: 2 6 : ರಾ President Mark. Mr. E. G. Cooley and Miss Mar- 112 102 11 1044 105 120 222 71 Total number of 79 37 34 61 24 garet A. Haley will speak. All are invited. teachers 1,203 1,285 1,846 1,089 1,988 1,171 1,040 2.406 1.158 1,082 1,040 1,405 1,493 1,120 1,369 964 841 897 Average yearly salary $ MEETING AT DR. RONDTHALER'S CHURCH, FEB . 13 . On February 13, at 8 p. m., a public meeting will REPORT OF A MILWAUKEE BOARD MEMBER. be held at Dr. Rondthaler's church, Sixty-ninth and The Following Explains Itself. Yale avenue, to discuss all phases of the educational Director Aarons presented the following minor- question. Miss Margaret Haley has been invited ity report : to present needs of the schools from the stand- To the Board of School Directors- point of the teachers . Gentlemen : I cannot agree with the decision and report of the majority of the committee for CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION . the following reasons : 1. I do not believe there is adequate cause for The regular meeting of the Chicago Teachers ' offering inducements to men to enter the service Federation will be held at 412 Masonic Temple, of our schools . No proof has been produced, February 11 , 1905. Special order of business, nom- showing that our school sysetm is in any way suf- ination of officers . fering by reason of the small number of men in the service, nor have any facts been adduced to The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teachers ' show that women are not as well fitted as men Federation will meet Monday, February 13, 1905, to take charge of any position in the schools. In at 4 p. m., in Room 437, Unity Bldg. fact, the duty imposed upon the teacher of the FLORENCE E. TENNERRY, young is closely related to the mother's respon- Cor . Secretary . sibility in bringing up the child, and is one to CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. Washington Washington 5 Milwaukee Milwaukee Newark Newark Detroit, Detroit, Bestor Boston, Louis, Louis Mass., Mich. Mass. Mich. Mo. Mo. ...... Wis,, Wis,. St. St., N. N. J., J., D. C. M., D. C., ELEMENTARY PRINCIPALS CLASSIFIED ELEMENTARY CITY SALARIES CITY CLASSIFIED SCHOOLS. TEACHERS YEARLY SALARIES SCHOOLS YEARLY OF III. OF IN IV. MET MATT MAT MAT MET MAT F. MAT MET MET MAT MET MET : : ::: $700 or under ::: : : : 184 11 ::: ::: ::: ::: $701 to $750 ::: むむ: ::: ::: $350 or under ::: ::: 213 ::: 11 $751 to $800 ::: ::: 师计: 123 ::: $351 to $400 ::: ::: ::: ::: 127 179 145 119 11 279 88: ::: ::: ::: $801 to $850 22: 08 $401 to $450 3030 240 ::: 169 138 11810 21416 ::: 10 ::: ::: 112 $851 to $900 ‫حرحر‬: 开计: 48 ::: 88: $451 to $500 Principals Receiving Receiving Teachers ::: ::: 1 1 $901 to $950 55 : 8888: ::: 66: $501 to $550 7 Yearly Salary ::: ::: ::: 206 201 246 of- 104555 ::: 64 11 a ::: 1 $951 to $1,000 FH: WZ LL : 88 : $551 to $600 3 124 3 a ::: 236 130 123 1 :1 ::: 10 88 61 ::: 123 ::: $1,001 to $1,100 妈妈: $601 to $650 1 ::: 128 63 305 305 63 44 00: 213 213 ::: 112 $1,101 to $1,200 38: $651 to $700 2 352 352 3202 752 ::: % 83 212 ::: 235 09 $1,201 to $1,300 ::: $701 to $750 Yearly Salary ::: 11 92 12 11 of- 11 68 11 40 $1,301 to $1,400 39 213 134 ::: ::: OKI HOI 2019 666 8888: $751 to $800 ::: 516 112 347 11 33 $801 to $850 ‫حيد‬ ::: $1,401 to $1,500 2660 ::: ::: 1 : ::: ::: ::: $851 to $900 123 ::: 3 $1,501 to $1,600 ::: 3030 ‫ ܙܝܙܝ‬: ‫حح‬: ::: : 玕ท์ : $901 to $950 22 112 156 $1,601 to $1,700 ::: 21 15 ::: ::: 99. $951 to $1,000 4 :::: 33 ::: 22 22 ::: ::: 22 $1,701 to $1,800 ::: ::: 1616: $1,001 to $1,100 888 ::: ::: 11415 ::: ::: งง $1,101 to $1,200 22 ::: ::: ::: ::: 5 $1,801 to $1,900 ::: ::: ::: ::: ' ::: ৯৯ $1,201 to $1,400 ::: ::: ::: 2: 2 ::: ::: ::: ::: 448 $1,901 to $2,000 ::: ::: ::: 11 $1,401 to $1,600 ::: ::: ::: 88:88 ::: $1,601 or over 19 36 0 : ::: 888 $ 2,001 or over ::: ::: ::: * 11 11 ::: ::: Total number of 673 5325 588 1105 282 281 Total number of prin- teachers 42 1,896 4 cipals 6 1,175 1,150 2,017 1,511 1,574 1,225 1,005 1,253 1,506 1,622 1,970 1,839 2,182 111 11 ‫مه‬ Average yearly 941 883 978 selary 983 Average yearly salary $ 33 which, in my opinion, woman is peculiarly adapted. public body is justified in so legislating as to place The history of our school system will, upon exam- the woman teacher upon a lower plane than the ination, disclose a bright record of woman's ef- man, even to accomplish a supposedly worthy ob- ficiency, not only in subordinate, but also in ad- ject. If it is wise or expedient to bring more men ministrative positions. into our school system, that end should be brought 2. A provision in the rules offering a higher about only through fair and legitimate means, such salary to university men than to university wom- as the general raising of all teachers' salaries to a en is an unjust discrimination, contrary to the point high enough to attract men as well as women. spirit of our institutions, and a severe blow to Any other method, such as the one recommended womanhood. It lessens the opportunity of woman by the majority of the committee, is not only, in to advance in the one particular profession for my opinion, ineffective, but unwise, and demoraliz- which she is most fitted. It is a retrograde move- ing in its effect upon our school system. If the ment, entirely out of accord with the best modern funds at our command will not permit the general thought with reference to the equality of the sexes. raising of the salaries, we have no right to make Such a rule as recommended by the majority of an unfair discrimination. It is never justifiable to the committee discourages the woman ambitious accomplish a worthy end in an unworthy way. to advance in her chosen profession of teaching, 3. It is seriously doubted whether there is any and will have a tendency to drive her into trades good reason to believe that the inducement offer- and professions less suited to her. I believe no ed will bring about the desired result, but if it is 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . deemed advisable that credit for experience ( or (Continued from page 2.) higher salaries) should be given to university The large amount of material relating to the graduates possessing merit and proper qualifica- other subjects referred to the committee, which has been collected at the same time with the salary tions for teaching, the rule should be so formulated data, will be studied, and the results will be fully as to be equally applicable to men and women presented. But, being based so largely upon the without distinction. salary question, they naturally give precedence to it. However, I can not share the opinion that uni- It is confidently hoped that the completed report versity graduates should be offered higher salaries will be submitted during the coming fall. because of the mere holding of a college diploma. Respectfully submitted on behalf of the com- mittee, CARROLL D. WRIGHT, Chairman. In every other walk of life, men and women are, and should be, compelled to rise by their own Committee on Salaries, Tenure and Pensions of Teachers. merits. Power and ability should be recognized, Carroll D. Wright, U. S. Commissioner of La- whether accompanied by a college degree or not. bor, Washington, D. C., Chairman. It is claimed by the advocates of the plan proposed Edwin G. Cooley, superintendent of schools, Chi- cago, Ill . that its purpose is to furnish material for principal- Franklin H. Giddings, professor of sociology, ships, and by these advocates the concession is Columbia University, New York, N. Y. made that there is no special need for men teachers Miss Catharine Goggin, teacher in city schools , in the grades. But experience has demonstrated Chicago, Ill . that executive ability, in particular, such as is re- R. H. Halsey, principal of State Normal School , Oshkosh , Wis . quired in the office of a school principal, is not William McAndrew, principal of Girls' Technical necessarily the result of a college training. We High School, New York, Ν. Υ. have ample proof that such ability depends upon Miss Anna Tolman Smith, U. S. Bureau of Edu- characteristics that are not the growth of a course cation, Washington, D. C. of study. The college graduate, if he has profited by his superior advantages, does not need and should not ask a subsidy from a public already pay- ing its due share of taxes. He should not be Only the deaf and dumb made to believe that the mere presentation of a fail to appreciate the sheepskin entitles him to preference over others. Let him compete with others less fortunate than he, and if he possesses real merit, he will win with- TELEPHONE out being favored by a discriminating rule. now -a-days . For these reasons I am obliged to respectfully dissent from the view of my brethren on the com- mittee. Respectfully submitted, Business Residence per day & 5 Cents and up. CHARLES L. AARONS. CHICAGO TELEPHONE CO . Both reports were ordered to lay over four 203 Washington Street. weeks. Economical Trips to the Great Southwest Low homeseekers' rates Santa Fe For a visit to the land of progress and prosperity Investigate conditions there for yourself-see with your All the Way own eyes To own a small irrigated Southwest farm is to be independent J. M. Connell, of A. T. & S. F. Ry., 100 Adams Street, Chicago. 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . PIANO BUYERS Find Strong Temptation -IN- February Sale -OP- The Manufacturers Annual Clearing at the Kimball Warerooms Means Much for Enrichment of the Home Life. Extraordinary piano buying continues at the Manufacturers' Warerooms, 248 Wabash Ave., S. W. Corner Jackson Blvd. Besides being apowerful ap- peal to the money-saving motive, this sale includes many instruments of the highest type of the piano maker's art. Kimball Pianos are the product of a home factory. For years their praises have been sung by the world's masters in music. They are within reach of the purchaser of limited means, for they go directly from the great Kimball factories to the home. Unlimited resources of the producers enable them to give the purchaser possession of the instrument while making payment; hence the wisdom ofmany purchasers anticipating their wants by several months, for rarely do conditions bring such mighty inducements. FEBRURAY ONLY New Eastern Plano and Kimball Plano Player, regular price .............. $ 445 20 Rolls of Music, for operating the Player ..... ............ 20 Total ........ $ 465 Special Offer, complete. ... $275 Easy Payments if Desired. W. W. KIMBALL CO . (ESTABLISHED 1887) Southwest Corner Wabash Ave. and Jackson Blvd. 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . CARSON PIRIE SCOTT & CO . STATE AND MADISON STREETS-Building formerly occupied by H. A. Selfridge & Co., andby Schlesinger & Mayer. Telephone, Private Exchange, 2. " We Find Everything Here Far Beyond Expectation" That was the unvarying comment of visitors during our Autumn Opening. Such emphatic approval of what we have accomplished, after only two weeks in the new location, is our war- rant for repeating: We have the Facilities, the Merchandise and the Prices to make this the most satisfactory shopping place in Chicago. Every day, as the house organization settles into the new surroundings, brings improvement. THE BASEMENT STORE offers remarkable values every day. New goods at very low prices, Broken lines from the old store at sharp reductions from closing out sale price there. Interesting New Silks and Velvets. THE Burlinghamsand Burlingham sacking rough silk suitings, the dainty Warp Print pompadoureffectsand the broad tail velours, the warm rich colored mousseline and chiffon dress velvets, with the hundred or more other weaves, make an attractive collection that will repay a visit. Second Floor Imported Satin Messaline-sheer beautiful quality-a happy purchase of an importer's delayed shipment, enables us to offer 50 piece in a splendid assortment of colors, including white and ivory, at a sale price; a yard ... $1.00 hirt Waist Sulting Silks-Special new designs Mousseline Bengalines-An imported silk and Plaid Taffetas-Clan colorings as well as the in the small faconne on checks; wool dress fabric ada fashion- modest French tones; leading val- Weofferunusual values at ši and.. 75c able one; desirable; all colors, yard d85c ues-yard, $1.25. 81.00 and......... 85c Plain Louisines, Peau de Cygnes, Crepe de Chines, Taffetas-unequaled at 85c, 75c and 58c. BLACK SILKS VELVETS We are generously proud of our new possession, the celebrated Moleskin, velour and broad tail velvets for cloaks at lowest "Moneybak," long wearing black dress silks. With the pur- prices. Mousseline chiffon silk velvets, new browns, chaseofeach dress you carry genuine silk insurance. $1.25 Ayard, $2.00, $1.50 and. terra cotta, leather, $2.50, $2.00 and ....... $1.50 Black paon and chiffon velvets from$1.00 85c black silk crepe de chines and taffetas, genuine bar- gains. 68c $5.00 Oddlot of all silk Lyons velvets, $5.00 quality, good color assort 75c imported black taffetas-special ...58c ment, many to ....... of the season's new shades, reduced $2.50 Box Hoisery Sale: Prices Lower Than Ever. Importations for H. G. Selfridge & Co. to Be Disposed Of. THAT tells the reasonwhyweare ina position to make this a record-breaking box hosierysale. Thousands of dozens of pairs ordered abroad for, and stamped with name of H. G. Selfridge & Co. came to us when we parchased this business. It is all new, desirable merchandise. But we desire to have on our shelves only the Eiffel brand hosiery. Hence these prices. First floor. WOMEN'S HOSE . MEN'S HOSE. Reg.price, Perbox, Reg. price, Perbox, Reg.price, Per box, perpair. Sixpairs. perpair. Six pairs. perpair. Six pairs. 250 Black cotton double sole er 250 Black cotton, double sole, heel and toes .... $1.00 50c Black cotton, with spliced double sole, heels and linen split sole ... $1.00 toes $2.15 350Blackcotton white double or split $ 1.25 35c Black lisle, fine gauge; black cotton, split sole or white foot... $1.35 75c Black cotton, brilliant mer- cerized black gauze lisle or $2.50 black cotton, extra heavy ...... 400Black cotton fine gauze..... $ 1.50 40cBlacklisteorcotton, and ribbed top..... 500 split sole $1.65 $1.00 Black brilliant lisle or$4.00 60c Fine Black cotton, double sole, $ 1.75 black cotton .... Egyptian, black cotton, 50cBlack lisle thread; very fine or split sole or white feet ... $2.00 splitsole,black cotton,very fine, $1.85 outsize or ribbed tops....... $1.25 Black ingrain lisle; four thread or split sole....... $5.00 75c plain black fine cotton or $2.50 mercerized.... Children's 35c linen knee hose, outwear all other kinds, 3 pairs for 75c. in the Basement Store: Women's plain black cotton, box of six pairs, 65c, 75c, $1, $1.15. Men's, 45c, 60c, 78c. Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin 100 Vol. IV. CHICAGO , FEBRUARY 17, 1905 . No. 12. ADDRESS OF SUPT. E. G. COOLEY . of the schools to-day. Some of these kinds have been authorized by special statute, some of them At Music Hall, Fine Arts Building, Feb. 11 , 1905. have been assumed by the Board of Education as included under the definition of a common school Mr. Cooley was received with much applause, system or a common school. For instance, we have and spoke as follows : secured special legislation authorizing kinder- Ladies and gentlemen: I wish in the beginning gartens ; we have secured special legislation author- to express the regrets of President Mark that he izing work in manual training. We have taken it for granted that we had the right to run high cannot be here. He has been thinking over the schools of various sorts ; we have taken it for matter of appearing here and has delayed replying granted that we had the right to establish and main- to your invitation; he is somewhat diffident about tain a normal school for the training of teachers . making speeches. Finally he was called out of Both of these schools have been called in question town, and is not in the city now. He is anxious during the history of the state, and lawsuits, all of which have so far terminated in favor of the Board that his absence should not be regarded as an evi- of Education, have been carried on at great ex- dence of any lack of interest or of any lack of pense and a good deal of uneasiness . willingness to be here and contribute anything he The president of the Board and the members could toward an understanding of the subject be- of the committee desire to ask the legislature to fore us. authorize specially, in the proposed charter, kin- dergartens for children between the ages of four My purpose is simply to speak as the represen- and six, and in the work of the elementary schools tative of the Charter Committee of the Board of to include the teaching of manual training and Education. Every one now-a-days in Chicago has household arts, the teaching of the cripples, the some idea about the charter, the proposed additions blind, the deaf and other defectives. Provision has to the Chicago charter. Many of us even have some already been made for the teaching of the deaf and the cripples. We are carrying on the training of very well-defined notions as to what should be in- the blind in our schools without any specific author- cluded in it. We people connected with the schools ity as far as I know. We have also a great many have felt for some time that the legislation pre- defectives which are not included in any class of sented in our statutes was inadequate, that it fitted this list, who ought to be cared for in our system of schools in some way, and authority might well be a condition of things that we had outgrown. When given by the state for this purpose. We wish to the present school law was established for Chicago have the state grant specifically to the Board of Ed- the provision was made that the Board of Educa- ucation of the City of Chicago the right to main- tion should look after the schools completely, con- tain high schools, including not only the academic schools at first, but commercial high schools and duct the examinations, visit the schools once a technical high schools. There has been talk of month and do a whole lot of other things that we even going farther than that and establishing trade all know to-day cannot be done by the Board of schools, but the subject is a vague one at present. Education . These are conditions that would fit , There is not a well-defined notion as to just what should be lone in such schools . The older cities perhaps, a country town, but that are not at all fit of the East that have such schools vary greatly in for a city like Chicago. The Board has felt that their ideals and notions. As I understand the pur- this opportunity should be taken advantage of, and pose of the Board of Education at the present time. some additional legislation secured that would en- no attempt will be made to ask for authority to able the schools to carry out their purpose better. establish anything beyond the technical high schools, such schools as we now maintain on the West Side , One of the things which the board has provided known as the R. T. Crane Manual Training High for, and Mr. Mark has submitted it in his letter as School. The Board would like to have the question one of the things that he regards as first in order, set at rest finally, whether the Board has a right to but not in importance, is the defining of the maintain these schools and the training school for teachers. work of the public school systems. We have a good many kinds of work that the public demands The second point, and Mr. Mark has insisted in 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . his letter that that is the fundamental point, is rooms must be greatly increased. I am only in- the securing of adequate revenue for maintaining dicating what the public must expect if we under- these various sorts of schools and various sorts of take to run kindergarten rooms. instruction. I plan to call attention to the growth Take the next item, manual training. We have of the demand upon the schools in the past and the 120 rooms or shops in Chicago in schools where we growth that seems to me will come in the near fu- do manual training. We have 125 other schools ture, and to thus call attention to the decrease in which are just as much entitled to those shops and the revenues that are afforded under the present privileges. It would cost us to fit each one of those law. Those of you that have seen the little pamph- shops about $300 ; $400 is the estimate of Supervis- let got out by the Chicago Principals remember the or R. M. Smith. This provides, I wish to say, list. Some of you have not seen it, so I will read for the manual training work only, in two grades, it. This shows the growth in tweive years. the seventh and eighth. No work below that is Growth of the public demands upon the schools authorized, although it ought to be done. If we since 1892 : should extend this work down through the 1892. 1904. fifth and sixth grades it would more than Manual training in the grammar double the cost of maintaining these schools , grades .... ...... $ 1,658 $ 52,099 because the fifth and sixth grades would include Manual training in House of a large number of boys. It would more than dou- Correction 0 27,031 ble the teachers . An estimate that was made to- Kindergartens 0 155,138 day shows that we should have fifty teachers of Household arts 2.394 23.484 manual training, in addition to the thirty-four we Evening schools . 101,164 112,578 now have, to care for the work in these grades, and Music 21,708 10 314 this would mean an expenditure of about $325,000 Drawing .... 24.746 14.498 a year as compared with an expenditure last year Physical culture 22.431 15.854 of a little over $50,000. This would mean an addi- School for deaf mutes . 2,076 17,773 tional expenditure for 125 new rooms, because the Schools for blind children ..... 0 4.135 manual training room would usually be in base- Schools for crippled children .. 8,000 ments, in rooms that are already built and that Child study 0 3.558 would not involve this additional expenditure, but Compulsory education 16,751 20.773 you would have to equip them with benches and Medical inspection Ο 5,883 with heating apparatus in order to run them at all. Examining board Ο 3.077 Take the case of the cooking and sewing schools. Normal school Ο 74.376 We have 28 cooking rooms in the City of Chicago Parental school Ο 70.422 out of 238-odd schools. We employ 16 cooking Vacation schools Ο 5.000 and 14 sewing teachers, and about 7.500 girls take This shows a very large increase, quite a number this work. There are a great many more, several of hundred thousand dollars' increase, in the de- times that number, who ought to have it. If we mands upon the schools by the public, and I wish should undertake to put in these cooking rooms it to remind you that these things have been put in would cost us $ 125,000, making no allowance what- almost entirely as the result of demands made ever for additional rooms required, and assuming that there are available rooms in the basements of upon the schools by the public, and they are. I the old schools . This is true of the newer schools , thing , legitimate demands. At least, they would be but in many of the older ones the rooms in the legitimate demands if they were accompanied by basement are not suitable . This feature I am sufficient revenue to maintain them. Now, to take the future growth that I think is anxious to see developed, because I believe it is upon us, something that I believe must come worth as much to the children of Chicago as is within the next few years. We have established writing or reading. In many schools of the city 125 kindergarten rooms, enrolling in them about this training is of exceedingly great value. 10,000 children, and employing about 200 teachers, Another matter that I regard as a great deal costing about $ 175,000. Now, if we are fair more important than any of these to the children is have about 400 rooms and to employ about 800 ad- the reduction of the number of children in a room . ditional teachers, at a cost of about $700,000 for (Applause. ) I have gone over the figures two running expenses. If we should open these kinder- or three times in an effort to see how it has been garten rooms we would require 400 new rooms. It running for a number of years, and I do not get costs the Board of Education to-day about $8,000 exactly the figures furnished by the principals in per room, with a school room fireproofed as they their outline. But this is true, the number has build them to-day. That would mean an expendi- been increasing for the past three years, and at ture in the buildings of $3,200,000, I have read the present time it is about 47 children to a room, these figures once in the presence of a member of as nearly as we can estimate. About 47 children the real estate board, and it was regarded as ex- to a room. Now, this means that in very many aggeration, as putting the thing in an extravagant schools you will have perhaps 54 to 56 children in way. But I see many faces here of those who have many of the rooms, and in some whole schools the studied the school problem of Chicago themselves. average will be about 50. Forty-seven to a room and I think they know that what I am saying is means taking into consideration the small, old- true, that we are not beginning to care for the chil- fashioned, German class rooms, the branches that dren of the kindergarten age in Chicago. If have been rented in many parts of the city, and we attempted to do it, our expenditures must be the smaller buildings and smaller rooms, that we very greatly increased, and the expenditures for took in when we annexed the outlying districts. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 3 So, when I say 47 to a room, it doesn't quite rep- after serving probationary period at present it is resent the situation in the crowded portions of Chi- figured as three years, that is the length of time cago. Now, if we should undertake to reduce this that must now elapse before a teacher secures a membership per room to 40, it would be a very permanent certificate, after securing a permanent moderate reduction, I think. I don't believe any certificate and being elected, their tenure will be se- teacher can teach more than 40 pupils and do it cured, they will not be subject to the ordeal of an well. (Applause. ) I am inclined to go further annual examination, and they will be removed only than that and agree with the Englishman who said on charges made and proved. that 25 was as many as one could teach; he said It is believed that those who are in the work will that one could lecture to as many as one could get do their work better, and that they will be better within the sound of his voice ; but in teaching you contented and better satisfied under the conditions must get to those under your direct influence. Lim- where the uneasiness that attends this annual elec- iting the room membership to 40, let us see what tion is absolutely removed. It is also proposed to that would mean. It would require 800 additional provide for the election of a superintendent of teachers. The average salary of the Chicago teach- schools, to give him a term of office of probably er who is row working it out very carefully at five years, to give him certain specified powers of Washington is $800. That would mean an addi- initiative, with reference to certain items such tion the pay roll of $640,000 this year. That as the selection of text-books, and certain would mean the building of 800 additional subjects of a technical nature ; to make him rooms at $8,000 per room. That would the executive officer of the board in things educa- mean $6,400,000 for buildings on account of this tional. It is proposed that in every case he shall reduction in the membership of a room. If you carry on his work in accordance with rules made by take into account the additional engineers, the coal the Board of Education, and that his power shall and repairs and furniture, etc., it would require an simply be the power to initiate, and whatever he addition of $ 1,000,000 a year to the running ex- does must be approved by the Board of penses of the school, besides the very large outlay Education in order to become a law or become a for rooms . rule. It means to place it so that he shall have Undertaking to sum up this, let us see what it a hearing on all matters of that sort. He shall means. I know it sounds extravagant to a good have the right to make a recommendation. The many people. Board will reserve to itself the right to approve Costof Cost of maintenance or disapprove, as it sees fit. It will also provide for the rules under which the superintendent shall Equipment. per year. carry on his work of supervising the work of the Kindergartens .. $3,200,000 $ 720,000 Manual training, branch schools, conducting examinations, and doing the rooms ordinary educational work. It is proposed that, as 50,000 325,000 far as the superintendent is concerned, he Household arts, branch rooms shall be subject exactly to the same conditions 125,000 225,000 within his term as to removal. He shall be re- Reduction in number of pu- moved upon written charges and trial by the Board pils per room 6,400,000 ........... 1,000,000 of Education. It is not proposed to make his term longer than five years, for this reason, a su- $9.775,000 $2,270,000 perintendent may become inefficient and unsatisfac- Now, I say that we need that addition to the tory without there being definite things that you budget. We need that much more money. (Ap- could urge against him, the mere lapse of time to plause.) I think we must have it, if we undertake enable a Board of Education to get rid of the to do the work that is expected of us. When you superintendent at periodic intervals. In many parts stop to think that we are pretending to teach man- of the country the superintendent's term is four years ; in some it is six ; in some it is seven. The ual training, household arts, and afford the priv- Board of Education here has followed the rule that ileges of the kindergarten, and then are only giving this instruction to a fraction of the city, you see that they made some two years ago and they planned to we must do something with this problem ; and then recommend this term of five years. Of course, this the other problem of reducing the membership in subject may seem to interest me especially, but I the rooms we must meet, and we must meet it soon. felt that you wanted me to be frank, to say what- We cannot continue to crowd the children into ever there was to be said about it, and, as I under- the school rooms ; it will be a physical impossibil- stand it, this recommendation, or something along ity. We have reached about the limit. This I re- this line, must be included, and I felt that I must gard as about the most important provision to work say whatever should be said about it. for, the additional money to run the rooms . But The Board of Education intends to provide for there are a number of things that the committee the appointment of teachers, just as they do to- has undertaken to discuss, and will undoubtedly day, by what they call a merit list. The names of present. There will be a recommendation in teachers who have come in through graduation from regard to the tenure of office of the teachers and the normal school, or through the regular teachers ' principals of schools. It is the intention of the examinations, after the interval of four months, that committee to provide that after they have the pro- all teachers go through , shall be placed on a list bationary period teachers and principals shall be and shall shift on that list in order of merit, or in elected permanently, and shall not be dismissed ex- order of efficiency, under rules made by the Board. cept on presentation of written charges and trial It is not intended, as I understand it, to fix before the Board of Education. It is provided that (Continued on page 5.) 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION act approved April 21, 1899, be amended to read, as follows : BULLETIN For the purpose of establishing and supporting Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, free schools for not less than six nor more than ten Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, December 23, 1901. months in each year, and defraying all the expenses of the same of every description, for the purpose THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the of repairing and improving school houses, of pro- year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of April and December, by the Chicago Teachers' Federation. caring furniture, fuel, libraries and apparatus, and THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single for all other necessary incidental expenses in each copies, Five Cents. ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received byTuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. district, village or city, anything in any special char- ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to ter to the contrary notwithstanding, the directors of the order of the Federation Bulletin. such district and the authorities of such village or THE EDITOR , city shallbe authorized to levy a tax annually upon 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO. Phone Central 3904. all the taxable property of the district, village or Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. city, not to exceed (except to pay indebtedness con- tracted previous to the passage of this act) , two and EDUCATIONAL MEETING . one-half per cent, for educational and two and one- half per cent for building purposes, said building Under Auspices of Chicago Federation of Labor. purposes to consist of the erection, equipment and The public meeting called by the Chicago Fed- maintenance of buildings, the purchase, rental and eration of Labor to discuss the schools and the new the acquiring of school houses, sites and play- charter was held at Music Hall in the Fine Arts grounds, including all repairs and improvements, Building, Saturday evening, Feb. 11 , and was well fuel, furniture, and all equipments for gymnasiums, attended, notwithstanding the severe storm. Supt . laboratories, cooking rooms and manual training E. G. Cooley, Miss Jane Addams and Miss Mar- rooms , the payment of special assessments, and the garet A. Haley addressed the meeting, Dr. E. G. payment of the compensation of all persons employ- Hirsch being absent on account of illness. Mr. ed in the school system of such district, village or J. J. Larkin , the representative of the Street Car city, excepting only teachers, principals, supervisors men and chairman of the Charter Committee of and superintendents; the valuation to be ascertained the Chicago Federation of Labor, presided. by the last assessment for state and county taxes; Mr. Larkin, in opening, said : provided, that in cities having a population ex- ceeding one hundred thousand inhabitants, the Ladies and gentlemen : The purpose of the Chi- Board of Education may establish and maintain cago Federation of Labor in calling this meeting vacation schools and playgrounds under such rules this evening was to hear the different subjects on as it shall prescribe . education discussed and to enlighten the members of the Chicago Federation of Labor and others who And, provided further, that nothing herein con are interested in placing in the new charter for tained shall be held to repeal or modify the limita- Chicago provisions that will benefit the schools tions contained in section forty-nine (49) of an act of this city. There are some subjects, of course, entitled "An act for the assessment of property and that we would like to hear discussed to-night . providing the means therefor, and to repeal a certair Some of the subjects that the Federation of Labor act therein named," approved February 25, 1898. has already given considerable thought and discus- (This refers to the Juul law. ) sion to are the salary schedule for the teachers of the City of Chicago, a salary fund, a tenure of of- SENATE BILL 98 . fice for teachers , the promotional examinations and the pension fund, and also the manner of selecting Wehave been asked to explain through the Bul- the members of the Board of Education . We have letin the force of the word ten in the above bill, taken that subject up. It is not the purpose of the which has been circulating in the various schools chairman to confine the speakers to any particular during the past week. The facts in the case are as scope on these questions, and I just mention that follows : At the meeting of the Illinois State Teach- ers' Association in Springfield, a resolution was these are subjects which the Chicago Federation of Labor has given considerable discussion to. I be- adopted looking to transfering to the Building Fund lieve that they are vital questions at this time for various items which are now charged to the Educa- the Board of Education to consider also. tional Fund. This resolution contained no reference to changing the time during which Boards of Edu- We have here to-night, whom I wish to introduce cation may hold school. Inquiry on this point from to you as a representative of the Board of Educa- a member of the committee which is urging the tion, the superintendent of the Chicago schools, Mr. passage of the bill brings little information other Cooley. than "that it was inserted on advice." Mr. Cooley's address is printed in full in this The present law permits the holding of schools issue and in a later issue we will print Miss not less than six nor more than nine months of the Addams ' and Miss Haley's . year, under which reading the Chicago schools are kept open ten months of 20 school days each, STATE TEACHERS ' ASSOCIATION BILL. which are equal to nine calendar months . (Senate Bill No. 98. ) Should the wording of the present law be chang- An Act to amend Section One of Article Eight ed to read ten instead of nine months the question of an act entitled "An Act to establish and maintain at once arises whether or not under it the Board of a system of free schools, " approved and enforced Education might not hold schools open eleven school May 21 , 1889, as the same stands amended by an months instead of ten. This would mean dividing CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 5 the yearly salary into 11 instead of 10 payments as interests, of the children they will be compelled to at present. think of some humane way of looking at that prob- We do not find in this bill the amendment voted lem from the standpoint of that teacher. It is all by an overwhelming majority of the teachers pro- well enough to say that we should forget everyz viding for a separate fund for salaries only. thing but the children, but that is pretty hard to do. Catharine Goggin. Now to enable us to do our duty by the children, the principal, the superintendent and the Board of (Continued From Page 3. ) Education, to do their full duty to the children, I permanently the specific rules under which say that a suitable retirement fund or pension we shall operate, because the Board will fund should be established, and that this fund probably change its mind as time goes on as to the should not be derived wholly from the salaries of the efficiency of this or that way of determining ef- teachers of Chicago ; a large part of it, if not the ficiency. The important thing, as they look at it, whole of it, ought to come from some other source . is this, that the work should be done according to a Various schemes have been proposed for it. It has definite rule, and that assignments should be made been proposed that we get hold of inheritance taxes, from such a list as determined according to this the fines of parents failing to send their children to rule. If the Board feels disposed to change the school , and some people say a certain per cent taken rule to fix the place of these people on the list, all from the educational fund. I think that taking it well and good. They must reserve to themselves from the educational fund would be quite apt to some right to change rules, but the recommendation make it another way of making the teachers pay it of the Charter Committee will be that such a merit all, and I do not think that is fair, for I do not list be recognized by law, and that assignments of think that this thing should be regarded as charity teachers be made from that list in order. to the teachers at all. It is a business proposition, The Charter Committee has had under consid- that something ought to be done in the inter- eration a teachers' pension law and has made some ests of better schools, and if that is so the public progress in trying to devise a more satisfactory ought to put its hand in its pockets and contribute pension or teachers' retirement scheme than the one very largely to the establishment and maintenance now in force. They have been working at it of this fund. for some time and there seems to be quite a wide Now, I haven't said a word about salaries. I difference of opinion among the teachers and prin- don't intend to take up that subject at all, the sched- cipals about it. Some want it obligatory and some ule of salaries. We, of course, believe that the want it optional. Some object to calling it a pen- teachers of Chicago and of all other cities are not sion fund and say that it ought to be called a teach- paid what they ought to be paid. There is a gen- ers' retirement fund. Some want the term of twen- eral consensus of opinion among those who have ty years, some twenty-five years, some want it thir- studied the problem that a good teacher never can ty. Some want proof of absolute disability, mental get what she is worth. I have felt that in making or physical, and others do not. At the present this little talk today, I would take the stand- time there has been nothing put down in writing. point of what we think shall be for the best We have simply discussed it, and a special com- interests of the children, and I am sure that if the mittee is working on it, and it was expected that children are well cared for, the teachers are sure they would have a draft of their plan this week. The to get some of it. If you take into consideration intention of the Board was that we would have the interests of the children, and reduce the num- something to present, call it what you will, a retire- ber in the rooms, the children are going to have ment fund or pension fund, and to regard this as the benefit of that. If you provide for better equip- entirely from the standpoint of the good of the ment and for tenure of office, for a pension schools and the school children. We regard it as scheme, and provide for a system of appoint- necessary, both on account of our desire to show ment that will get rid of the accursed appeal, I be- proper regard to our public servants who have lieve that will be for the interests of the children spent their best years in teaching the children , not and the best interests of the teachers. (Applause.) only because we think it is worth while to show this I feel that we can afford as teachers to rest our deference in respect to the teachers, but also be- cause on that one proposition, that what will be cause we believe it is impossible to properly admin- the very best thing for the children, for whom these ister the schools without something of the sort at schools are established and maintained, is bound hand. to be in the end the best thing for the people who I will explain what I mean. A superintendent, employ the teachers, and I believe that the teachers or a member of the Board of Education, or a of Chicago will stand on that platform, and are in- principal who has a teacher in his school, who, terested in seeing the thing, the campaign for better on account of years or ill health, is failing to do her things in Chicago carried on from that point of view. work or his work, and who knows the years of good work that that teacher has done in the schools of I wish to thank you very kindly for the attention Chicago, and also knows her financial circum- which you have given me. (Applause.) stances, and how impossible it would be for her Mr. Larkin : I am sure that Mr. Cooley has to live decently if she is dropped from the list of given us some very valuable information with re- teachers, a principal, a superintendent or a mem- gard to the needs of the schools of Chicago, and I ber of the board, cannot do his duty to the chil- hope that a good many of the things that he has dren under such conditions. Their sympathies will pointed out, that will be necessary to have put in be appealed to, ought to be appealed to in behalf of a new charter for the City of Chicago, will be such teachers, and, in place of thinking solely of the put in that new charter. 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. BOARD OF EDUCATION . Unassigned List. Aiken, Lettie, Bass ; Baynes, Annie L., Jenner ; Wednesday , Feb. 15, 1905 . Baginski, Emilie, McAllister ; Bigelow, Frances B. , The following reports were adopted : John Worthy ; Conerty, Margaret J., Hamline ; Dix- That Hattie W. Whitcomb, head assistant of the on , Eugenia B., Corkery ; Farrar, Margaret, Chal- Scanlan School, has resigned ; and recommends the mers ; Furlong, Carrie B., Medill; Gawley, Mary J., election of Margaret Rio Mather to the position of Holden ; Gimbel, Ida K., Howland ; Hellgren, Adla, head assistant of the Scanlan School, to date from Libby; Holmes, Helen K., Garfield; Kaufman, Min- nie D., Carter ; Kennedy, Esther S., Bass ; Klenze, February 20, 1905 . Louise J., Field; Kuhn, Julia M., Montefiore ; That Mary L. Sayer be elected to the position of Meissner, Ella J. , Shields ; Miller, Jeannie F., Beale ; head assistant of the Colman School, left vacant Mohl, Clara, Schneider ; Philbrick, Margaret E. , by the transfer of Annie K. Sullivan, to date from Hawthorne ; Lindholm, Edna T., Wentworth ; February 20, 1905 . Sayre, Virginia, Komensky ; Sullivan, Anna P., That Annette M. Chapin be elected head assistant Bcale ; Warder, Amy, Marquette . of the Bowmanville School, to date from January Resignations . 30, 1905. That Annie G. Ahearn be elected head assistant Avery, May Power, Irving ; Barry, Katherine, of the Rose Hill School, to date from January 30, Teacher of Household Arts; Burns, Frieda A. 1905. Schroll, Manierre ; Cass , Florence, Bancroft; Chris- That Katharine M. Cullen be elected teacher in tian, Elizabeth, Montefiore ; Harold, Anna, Park charge of Branch I of the John L. Marsh School, Manor ; Hayes, Daisy P., Greene ; Kassell, Lena which is one mile distant from the main building Thompson, Monroe ; Levy, Carrie, Knickerbocker; and has six rooms, and that she be paid for such McManus, Sadie G. M. , Burke; Pilstrom, Nina A., extra service as head of the branch the sum of $75.00 Agassiz ; White, Cecelia L. , Froebel. per year in addition to her regular salary, in ac- The Superintendent of Schools reports that when cordance with the rules of the Board governing such persons whose names are on the eligible list are appointments . assigned to positions in the elementary schools, as their names are reached, some of the candidates That Frank A. Houghton be transferred from the Waller High School to the High School Depart- request permission to waive assignment on account ment of the Curtis School. ef extreme distance from their homes, or on ac- count of illness, or because their experience has not Assignments of Elementary Teachers . fitted them for the particular grade to which they Antisdel, Mary B., Monroe ; Argo, Sarah J., have been assigned. It has been our practice to Washburne ; Bailey, Emma V., Emerson ; Bourk, permit two such waivers on the part of any candi- May V., Logan ; Carroll, Bridgie A., Walsh ; Cop- date but to require them to accept the third position persmith , Ella, Von Humboldt ; Cowley, Abigail W., offered. In the absence of any rule of the Board West Pullman ; Cronin, Agnes M., Brentano ; Dan- on the subject, the rule of the Civil Service Com- mission relating to waivers has been followed. ielson, Ellen T., Froebel ; Davey, Katherine, Mon- roe ; Deeley , Catherine, Jones ; Drake, Elsie B., The Superintendent therefore recommends that a Schools for the Blind (Clarke ) ; Forrest, Lillian, teacher assigned by the Superintendent to a posi- Peabody ; Garrison, Herman, School for Appren- tion in the elementary schools shall be permitted to tices; Goodrich, Jennie R. , Jenner ; Grainger, Mar- waive assignment when her name is reached, on ac- garet L. , Peabody ; Graves, Elma, Walsh ; Hagan , count of extreme distance from her home, on ac- Louise K. , Taylor ; Harkins, Lorette G., Bancroft ; count of illness, or by reason of her unsuitability Hedberg, Hilma, Lowell ; Heffernan, Nora L. , for the grade to be filled, or for other reasons be- Mark Sheridan ; Heldman, Louise F. , Froebel ; lieved by the Superintendent of Schools to affect Herrmann, Frances, Scanlan ; Hopkins, Avalie S. , the interest of the schools; provided that no candi- Healy ; Horan, M. Blanche, Froebel ; Hoyt, Louise date shall be permitted to waive an assignment K., Knickerbocker ; Keegan, Stasia P., Greene; more than three times ; and that after a candidate Keeney, Florence M., Bismarck; Kelly, May B., shall have waived assignment three times and when such candidate is called for the fourth time Medill ; Kenney, Ethel, Komensky ; Kilroy, Alice, Drummond ; Launer, Stella M., Marquette ; Leahy, and voluntarily waives the fourth assignment, the Mabelle P., Jenner ; Le Febvre, Georgiana, Ander- Superintendent shall then place her name at the foot sen; Linehan, Minerva G., Garfield; Lovell, Lena of the list of eligibles . R., Bass ; Madden, Mary, Hammond ; McGowan, Nellie, Brown ; McKeon, Jane J., Rogers ; McKeon, Mary A. , Longfellow; McLaughlin, Gertrude, Only the deaf and dumb Smyth ; Newbury, Grace, Walsh ; O'Malley, Eliza- beth G. , Foster ; O'Neill, Margaret S., Stowe ; Ow- fail to appreciate the en, Kathryn, Libby ; Parks, Anna, Schley ; Patter- son , Perry S., School for Apprentices; Philpot, TELEPHONE Anna, Linne ; Quilty, Catherine F., Goethe ; Rueff , Katherine, Bancroft ; Sample, Bertha, Libby ; Shaw , now-a-days . Mabel, Chicago Lawn ; Siebermann, Bertha, Burley ; Smith, Carrie R., Bass ; Smith, Lillie H., Spry ; Business Residence per day & 5 Cents and up . Smith , Mary E., Froebel ; Stetzler, Emma, Agassiz ; Turek, Caroline, Montefiore ; West, Emily, Gold- CHICAGO TELEPHONE CO . smith ; Willard, Corinne S., Coonley ; Williamson , 203 Washington Street. Margaret I., Komensky. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 7 PIANO BUYERS Find Strong Temptation -IN- February Sale -OP- The Manufacturers Annual Clearing at the Kimball Warerooms Means Much for Enrichment of the Home Life. Extraordinary piano buying continues at the Manufacturers' Warerooms, 243 Wabash Ave., S. W. Corner Jackson Blvd. Besides being a powerful ap- peal to the money-saving motive, this sale includes many instruments of the highest type of the piano maker's art. Kimball Pianos are the product of a home factory. For years their praises have been sung by the world's masters in music. They are within reach of the purchaser of limited means, for they go directly from the great Kimball factories to the home. Unlimited resources of the producers enable them to give the purchaser possession of the instrument while making payment; hence the wisdom of many purchasers anticipating their wants by several months, for rarely do conditions bring such mighty inducements. FEBRURAY ONLY New Eastern Plano and Kimball Plano Player, regular price .............. $ 445 20 Rolls of Music, for operating the Player .... 20 Total ........ ... .... $ 465 Special Offer, complete . ...... ... $275 Easy Payments if Desired. W. W. KIMBALL CO. (ESTABLISMED 1887) Southwest Corner Wabash Ave. and Jackson Blvd. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . CARSON PIRIE SCOTT & CO . STATEAND MADISON STREETS-Buildingformerly occupled by H. A. Selfridge & Co., andby Schlesinger & Mayer. Telephone, Private Exchange, 2. " We Find Everything Here Far Beyond Expectation" That was the unvarying comment of visitors during our Autumn Opening. Such emphatic approval of what we have accomplished, after only two weeks in the new location, is our war- rant for repeating: We have the Facilities, the Merchandise and the Prices to make this the most satisfactory shopping place in Chicago. Every day, as the house organization settles into the new surroundings, brings improvement. THE BASEMENT STORE offers remarkable values every day. New goods at very low prices, Broken lines from the old store at sharp reductions from closing out sale price there. Interesting New Silks and Velvets. THEtheBurlingham and Burlingham sacking rough silk sultings, thedaintyWarpPrintpompadoureffectsand broad tail velours, the warm rich colored mousseline and chiffon dress velvets, with the hundred or more other weaves, make an attractive collection that will repay a visit. Second Floor Imported Satin Messaline-sheer beautiful quality-a happy purchase of an importer's delayed shipment, enables us to offer 50 piece in a splendid assortment of colors, including white and ivory, at a sale price; a yard.... $1.00 Shirt Waist Sulting Silks-Special new designs Mousseline Bengalines-An imported silk and Plaid Taffetas-Clan colorings as well as the wool dress fabric and a fashion- we offer unusual values at 81 and.. 75c | modest French tones; leading val- ues-yard, $1.25, 81.00 and....... 85c Plain Louisines, Peau de Cygnes, Crepe de Chines, Taffetas-unequaled at 85c, 75c and 58c. BLACK SILKS VELVETS We are generously proud of our new possession, the celebrated Moleskin, velour and broad tall velvets for cloaks at lowest "Moneybak," long wearing black dress silks. With the pur- prices. Mousseline chiffon silk velvets, new browns, chase ofeach dress you carry genuine silk insurance. $1.25 terra cotta, leather, 82.50, 82.00 and ...... $1.50 Ayard, $2.00, $1.50 and... Black paon and chiffon velvets from $1.00 850 black silk crepe de chines and taffetas, genuine bar- gains 68c $5.00 Oddlot of all silk Lyons velvets, 85.00 quality, good color assort- 75c imported black taffetas-special ment, many of the season's new shades, reduced 58c to ....... $2.50 Box Hoisery Sale: Prices Lower Than Ever. Importations for H. G. Selfridge & Co. to Be Disposed Of. THATtellsthe reasonwhyweare ina position to make this a record-breaking boxhosierysale. Thousands ofdozens of pairs ordered abroad for, and stamped with name of H. G. Selfridge & Co. came to us when we parchased this business. It is all new, desirable merchandise. But we desire to have on our shelves only the Eiffel brand hosiery. Hence these prices. Firstfloor. WOMEN'S HOSE . MEN'S HOSE . Reg.price, Perbox, Reg.price, Perbox, Reg. price, Perbox, perpair. Sixpairs. perpair. Sixpairs. perpair. Six pairs. 25c Black cotton double sole or 250 Black cotton, double sole, heel and toes .. $1.00 50c Black cotton, with linen spliced double sole, heels and split sole ..... $1.00 toes $2.15 350Blackcotton white double or split $ 1.25 350 Black lisle, fine gauge; black cotton, split sole or white foot... $1.35 750Black cotton, brilliant mer- cerized black gauze lisle or $2.50 black cotton, extra heavy ...... 400Black cotton fine gauze.... $ 1.50 400 Black lisle or cotton, split sole and ribbed top. $1.65 $1.00 Black brilliant lisle or$4.00 500Black cotton, double sole, $ 1.75 black cotton .. 600 Fine Egyptian, black cotton, 50cBlack lisle thread; very fine or split sole orwhite feet..... $2.00 splitsole,blackcotton,very outsize or ribbed tops.... fine,$1.85 $125 Black ingrain lisle; four $5.00 thread or split sole........ 750 plain mercerized black .. fine cotton or $2.50 Children's 35c linen knee hose, outwear all other kinds, 3 pairs for 75c. In the Basement Store: Women's plainblack cotton, box of six pairs, 65c, 75c, $1, $1.15. Men's, 45c, 60c, 75c. Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin 100 Vol. IV. CHICAGO, FEBRUARY 24, 1905. No. 13. ADDRESS OF MARGARET A. HALEY. cities. I believe that the people of Chicago ought to frame their own charter. But our state constitu- At Music Hall, Fine Arts Building, Feb. 11 , 1905 . tions do not allow cities this measure of home rule . Until the amendment to the constitution, adopted This is the fourth session of the legislature to last November, no city was permitted to have a which bills of the kind, contemplated in the letter of charter different from any other city in Illinois ; the President Mark, will have been taken. When the Legislature was not empowered to enact a charter first of the kind, the one known as the Harper bill, especially for any one city. was brought to the Legislature in 1899, there had Under this new amendment the Legislature may been no public discussion on it, and it was practi- grant Chicago, and Chicago only, a new charter. cally unknown to the people of Chicago. The Ed- It may proceed to draft this charter for Chicago ucational Commission, appointed by the Mayor in itself, or it may permit the city to enact its own 1898, after working for several months investigating charter and then ratify it. What I say may apply the educational situation in Chicago, drafted that either to the act of the Legislature or it may apply bill. On Wednesday one copy was sent to each to the act of the citizens of Chicago, if they are school, and on the following Tuesday, Feb. 2, the permitted to act in this matter. The Federation bill was introduced into both houses of the Legisla- of Labor will take no legislation to Springfield for ture. Very little opportunity was given for even a new charter, if it is possible to secure the charter those most interested, the educators-the teachers- convention ; if they do so, it will be under protest. to know this bill. Probably not twenty-five teachers This subject of a charter convention ought to in Chicago had read it at the time of its introduction have a whole evening. All these matters that we into the Legislature. It was defeated. are discussing to-night, and many others, should At the following session of the Legislature a sim- be discussed and acted on by the people of Chicago, ilar bill was introduced which did not pass. At the through elected delegates, if for no other reason next session it was again introduced. It did not than for the education it would be for the people pass. themselves . The discussions during all this time have been a In all the educational bills that have been taken great education, especially among the teachers. The to Springfield since 1899, and in the letter of Pres- public has become more or less interested, not so ident Mark, the Legislature is asked to fix the term much as it should be considering the vital import- of office and duties of the superintendent. The ance of the question, but more interested and bet- state law of Illinois now gives to the Boards of Edu- ter informed than it was at the beginning, if we can cation in all cities, including Chicago, the right to judge by the amount of attention that has been classify the teachers into superintendents, dis- given the subject. trict superintendents, supervisors, principals, teach- A great many meetings have been held in the ers , cadets, etc. They are allrecognized under the city since Mr. Mark's letter first went out for the one title, teachers, under the present law, and not purpose of discussing this subject, and the Feder- only the power of classifying those teachers, but ation of Labor, before proceeding to draft its pro- of fixing their duties and responsibilities and defin- visions for the new Charter, has taken the trouble ing their rights and relations to one another and to to look into the matter fully and to hear all sides the system as a whole rests with the local Boards of the question, for which it is to be congratulated. of Education. Personally, I am in favor of continu- I shall confine myself generally to the question ing that power with the local board, because it is of revenue and finance, and to the various classifi- right in principle. In my opinion, only such acts cations of the teaching force and their relations as are general in their scope, and apply to all cities, to one another and to the system as a whole. are properly within the scope of the Legislature. I A word on the new Charter itself. The Chi- am very much opposed to special legislation, for I cago Federation of Labor has a bill pending in the believe it is wrong in principle. If there is a special Legislature asking the Legislature to empower charter for Chicago, it will not come under the the people of Chicago to hold a convention for the head of special legislation, provided the people of purpose of drafting a charter for Chicago, the same Chicago are permitted to frame it themselves . to be presented to the Legislature and by it rati- There is another reason why I do not believe in fied, as is necessary under our constitution. the Legislature, especially at this time, attempting I am in entire accord with that method of draft- to define the powers and duties of the superintend- ing a charter, and am opposed to the custom of ent, or of any of the other members in the teach- having the Legislatures frame the charters for the ing force. First, because those relations are not 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. at the present time harmoniously adjusted. I say property of a higher value or a lesser value is taxed this advisedly. Ever since the Harper bill was de- in accordance, then our question of revenue is set- feated in the Legislature, in 1899, the Board of tled and we'll get no more from a plan based on Education of Chicago has been steadily putting its raising the rate of taxation. If, on the other hand, provisions into effect piecemeal by rules adopted other property more valuable is assessed at a lesser from time to time. In doing so the board has con- rate, then another question is raised and this be- ferred on the superintendent the powers recom- comes a subject for inquiry. I do not know, nor mended in this bill, but it has not, at the same time, do you know, because our tax officials charged with given to the teachers a status which recognizes them the duty have positively refused to comply with the as educators. The result is friction and unrest law requiring them to print the real estate assess- among the teaching force. There is, to my mind, ments. The Chicago Teachers' Federation and of course, an unbalanced condition. The body of the Federation of Labor have demanded it. teachers, of whom there are 4,618, is not recognized I was on the committee that went to the county by any official act of the board, nor does this letter board and that body positively refused to obey the of President Mark seek to recognize them as a law and print the real estate lists, so that we might body of educators by act of the Legislature, though know whether the real estate of Chicago is assessed recognizing the superintendent as an educator and equitably or inequitably, or whether it is assessed legislating for that officer as such. His rights and in accordance with law, or not; excepting in iso- prerogatives are defined by law; those of the 4,618 lated instances of this kind we have no exact infor- are held or withheld at the whim or caprice of the mation. superintendent thus created. I consider it not the Our first trouble, then, is the failure of the offi- part of the Legislature to define these relations cials to enforce the tax laws. Speaking for the for any city except by general law. If we had teachers, I am free to say that so long as the teach- discovered the principles underlying the harmonious ers of this city realize that because we have public relations of these different members in our school officials who fail to do their sworn duty, and so system, and these principles were generally accepted, long as the result of that failure means fifty or then, and not till then, would we be ready for legis- more children to each teacher, means reduced sal- lation which should apply to all schools and fix the ary, means every extension in the school system duties and powers of the teachers throughout the made at the expense of the teachers' pocketbooks, state. On that matter I will speak again later. just so long will there be irritation among the teach- Now, I will take up the matter of revenue. To- ers ; just so long will the teachers of this city day I looked at some tax receipts that were handed stand out and demand that this wrong shall be me, and I must confess I was astonished. I saw righted. That is what the teachers are doing three tax receipts that were sent out by the county through their organization and the people of Chi- treasurer this week. One of them was on a piece cago ought to be very glad that they are doing it. of property that the owner paid $2,100 for less than (Applause) . three years ago. The tax on that property was So much for the real estate. Had we the real $31.97. The other property cost the present own- estate lists, I would be prepared to give you some er $1,850 less than two years ago, and it was not exact information as to the whole of this class sold under the hammer. That is a fair price for it. of property. It has been stated officially that the The tax on that was $30.71. Another piece of real estate of Chicago is assessed at about 60 per property costing $1,075 was taxed $17.16. In the cent of its full value, and Judge Grosscup cut down first case, the $2,100 piece of property, the tax was the assessment on the five corporations-our five 1/2 per cent on the actual cash value. In the sec- that we got after-because he said the state board ond case it was 134 per cent of the actual cash had assessed these corporations' franchises at full value, and in the other, the cheaper house and lot. value and other property was assessed at only 60 it was 1.6 per cent. We all know that I per cent per cent. But these twenty-five-foot lots I have of full cash value is regarded as a fair rate of told you about were not assessed at 60 per cent ; taxation, and anything over that is considered they were assessed on a full 100 per cent, what- confiscation. Now, if all property in this city is ever other property was assessed. taxed in the same proportion to its value as are We have another kind of taxation. We have in- these three, then I see very little hope of relief direct taxation. I am prepared to state to you from additional taxes, depending on a higher rate. something about that, because I have the facts and The people of Chicago will not stand for a higher the figures. I am prepared to tell you something rate than 134 per cent of full cash value, or 1/2 about what these people who live in this $2,100 per cent, or 1.6 per cent. I would like to ask if house pay. In that house there are two people I am not right in that, Mr. Cooley ? who use the street cars every day. Do you know Mr. Cooley : I think you are. what those people pay every year to that street car Miss Haley : Do you think that the people company for the use of their own streets ? They would stand for any higher rate, Mr. Cooley ? pay about $30, not counting the Sundays that they Mr. Cooley : No, I guess not. ( Prolonged use the street cars. I am counting only the days laughter and applause) . when it is necessary for them to go out to their Miss Haley : If this property is not assessed work. They pay $31.97 to the city. That is for in proportion to other property, if it is inequitable, state, county, city, school, library, drainage, park if it has been discriminated against, and it repre- and all other taxes. They pay over $30 to the sents a class of property-these places were not street railway companies for the privilege of using picked out from any one particular part of the city, their own streets. Mind you, that is not the in- they are located in different parts of the city-if come on the property of the city railways. That that class of property, property ranging from $1, - is a tax which the people of this city are obliged 075 to $2,100, is taxed as this is, and all other to pay over and above the cost of service, because CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 3 the officials have made the street car companies this problem until we solve it and solve it right. tax collectors. The people who use the streets are (Laughter and applause.) compelled to pay that tax whether they will or not. In that house where the owners pay $31.97 a year Don't for a moment think that that is your car fare. taxes to the county treasurer for all purposes, state, (Laughter and applause) . That $30 that the peo- county, schools, library and the rest of them, those ple in that house pay (laughter) is $30 over and same people pay a tax of $30 a year to the gas com- above not only a fair car fare, the cost of the ride, pany over and above the cost of the gas used, plus a but over and above the cost of the ride plus the fair income on the investment. The gas company income on the property which the company has- also is allowed to go out in this city and hold the its own property, its tracks and rails and cars and people up and tax them. That is what it means. the rest of it. It is $30 of tribute which you each We have constituted our public utility corporations contribute to the income of the holders of watered taxing bodies, with this stupid provision, that after stock; it is the value of the streets your streets. they have collected the taxes, we don't force them Why should the teachers of this city sit back and to turn the taxes so collected over to the public swallow any such dose as this, I would like to treasury. Is that just and right because it is legal ? know ? (Laughter and applause.) Why should the (Applause.) two teachers in that house uncomplainingly pay There are about 2,000 teachers in Chicago to-day $31 a year taxes to the Chicago City Railway com- getting $25 a year less than they got in 1898 and pany ? Why should the people in the house that 1899. These teachers are forced to maintain them- own the house uncomplainingly pay $31.97 a year selves at a very greatly increased cost of living and in taxes to the city and then turn around and pay to meet more stringent requirements as to prepara- $30 a year more to the street railway companies ? tion on reduced wages. Why should they be satis- Should they do that and not complain ? No ; they fied? Did you hear a word here to-night about in- have a right to complain, and they are learning how creasing those teachers' salaries or restoring them to complain intelligently. to the schedule abandoned for lack of funds ? (Ap- The teachers complained intelligently in 1900 plause.) Did you hear that the Board of Education when they found out that the street railways, tele- is going down to Springfield with a bill that will phone, gas and electric light companies refused to provide a fixed salary schedule for the teachers ? I return to the public the very small share of this didn't. I haven't heard it yet, and I have listened value that our state law demands of these com- for it a long time. I haven't had the pleasure of panies in the form of taxes. Two million dollars is reading the educational bill that was presented by what they should be paying in taxes according to Representative Erickson day before yesterday, but our law ; $ 10,000,000 is what the streets are worth I venture to say that bill has nothing in it that will to these corporations, and the whole $ 10,000,000 secure to the teachers of Chicago either a fixed sal- should go into the public treasury if collected from ary schedule or a permanent salary fund. You the people at all. The teachers would have been may go on extending your schools as you have done, satisfied with the $2,000,000 in 1900. But the cor- but you cannot extend them except at the expense porations were not willing to pay this small sum. of the teachers as things now are. Do you know They went into the Federal courts and stopped the that every extension that has been made in the pub- entire tax machinery of the state, even annulling lic schools-and you heard a long list of them to- the order of the Supreme Court of the state, order- night-has been made at the expense of the teach- ing the State Board of Equalization to assess these ers ? (Laughter and applause.) companies according to law. Now the teachers are You have heard Mr. Cooley say to-night that it after the $10,000,000. To secure this they circulated would take $640,000 to pay the salaries of the extra the petitions, and got the children to help them get teachers needed to put the schools back where they the signatures which permitted the people of Chi- were in 1899 as to membership. Every dollar of cago to vote for municipal ownership of the street that $640,000 now saved comes out of the teachers' railways. pocket-books. To-day there are 4,618 teachers in If we cannot get this $10,000,000 in reduced car the service in Chicago. There were 4,675 in 1899. fares, gas and telephone rates, through municipal With 25,000 or 27,000 more children, there are ownership, then we want it in the form of taxes. fewer teachers. Don't forget, people of Chicago, That is one reason why we want a charter conven- that you have put in your schools for the blind, and tion, so that the people of Chicago may say to the your manual training and household arts and do- State Legislature, "We want the right to tax our mestic science and normal extensions and all the rest public utility corporations for every dollar of street of them at the expense of the teachers. (Laughter value they collect from us. " and applause.) Do you know how much of it came That $ 10,000,000 should go to the education of out of the teachers by the cutting of salaries in the children. Mr. Cooley has told us that it would 1900, and making that cut permanent in 1902 ? take about eight or nine million dollars to do the Four hundred and sixty thousand dollars a year. right thing by the children; that is, to allow forty There is $1,000,000 which has come out of the to a room and provide the necessary extensions. teachers' pockets and which has been put down in Mr. Cooley did not say how much more it would the " saved" column of the Board of Education. take to do the right thing by the teachers and pay Wouldn't the teachers of Chicago be unworthy of them according to the value of their services, but American citizenship if they sat down under that ? there would be $2,000,000 left for them. Why (Continued laughter and applause.) should we teachers be satisfied with legislation that I am in favor of extending the schools as is Mr. ignores these facts and continues these conditions ? Cooley, and I am glad to hear Mr. Cooley say that We should not. We will not. As good citizens the people of Chicago ought to wake up, and if we have no right to be satisfied. We will keep at (Continued on page 6.) 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION happily down to the cataract" of municipal bank- ruptcy. BULLETIN The thinking of our Teachers' Federation has Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, been valuable because it has been effective ; it has been effective because the teachers have refused to Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, December 23, 1901. hold themselves aristocratically aloof from the peo- THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the ple who do things. year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of More power to the Teachers' Federation. It has AprilandDecember, by the Chicago Teachers' Federation. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single been, it still is, one of the greatest factors in the copies, Five Cents. movement to redeem the city. ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received byTuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to the orderof the Federation Bulletin. LITTLE EDITORIALS BY OUR READERS . THE EDITOR , Rights of Teachers . 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO. Business office hours, 9 a . m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. (Chicago American, Feb. 9, 1905. ) Editor Chicago American : THE VALUE OF THE CHICAGO TEACHERS ' With due regard for Rev. R. A. White, I beg to offer certain deductions in reply to his recent inter- FEDERATION . views on the rights of teachers . Editorial in Chicago American, Feb. 9, 1905 . It is with much concern many view the line Dr. "Words are good when backed by deeds and White would draw as boundaries of the common only so." Theodore Roosevelt says this is one of school teacher's liberty in thought and action. the secrets of his success . It is also the secret of Great cogs in our educational machinery have the great success so far achieved by the Teachers' been squeaking their selfish importance so long that Federation in arousing the public spirit of the citi- the smaller wheels have come to cry out in united zens of Chicago toward bringing about a change tones, "Only by the polish of union, the lubricant in the government of the city by servants elected of justice, may the mechanical approach the human, and appointed by the people to serve them, but or the human aspire to the divine. " bribed and influenced in every manner to serve only It is the privilege, the duty, of freemen to align the public franchise corporations. themselves with every cause that makes for the bet- In 1900 the teachers of Chicago were told that terment of communities, and no greater calamity their salaries were reduced because the city was could overtake a state than either the truculent or bankrupt. the polished mentality of its leaders . They investigated and found that five public utility The position of teacher should be the serene, corporations were escaping taxation on their fran- active arena in which the noblest within us finds chise values. inspiration and growth. But, be it said to our The teachers brought suit in 1900 and since then shame, the realization of higher ideals is fraught those corporations have paid a franchise tax of over with serious hindrances, with grave dangers, when half a million dollars a year toward the support of the strenuous hand of commercialism and the cun- our city, ning ambition for despotic power combine to pinch In dealing with taxes and corporations the teach- the demands of enlightenment and anæsthetize the ers discovered something far more valuable than conscience of human justice. half a million a year. They found that the city The teacher is not a chattel nor an automaton, officials had been "induced" to give to certain cor- but a free, responsible, moral being. And it is to porations the right to our streets which made the their credit that along intelligent lines with other railway securities worth $ 100,000,000 more than the organizations the teachers are striving to solve the physical properties. problems of human rights and equality. They saw that the possession of special privi- Teachers are not caring who pays taxes, so long lege begets a greed for more privileges ; that just as each bears a just share. But they are justly so long as the private service corporation exists, anxious about necessities, and strive constantly that just so long will its interests be antagonistic to the cause of education, the quality of citizenship those of the public. Municipal ownership is the may be improved. only way out. In order to secure municipal own- The work of the Teachers' Federation in bring- ership it was necessary for the people to show their ing to public notice many aggregations of wealth desire for it. Hence the little ballot. that would, but for the Federation's wise efforts, "In all the petitions which the referendum peo- have continued to escape taxation stands in whole- ple and the municipal ownership people have got up some contrast to the chicanery of power in high the leaders of the Teachers' Union have borne a places that would defeat the teachers in realizing prominent and an earnest part," says the Tribune. any substantial yet very deserved benefits. We congratulate the teachers upon the part that There are gentlemen who are looking for a they have borne and upon the success achieved. " snap, " who clothe themselves with assumed pow- In ten, perhaps twenty years, the Tribune will join ers, who fancy themselves as a part of some favored in our congratulations. class, that the public has reasons to be wary of. The Teachers' Federation is indeed in politics, The struggling, brainy teachers who do the work, and they are welcome. whose salaries have been reduced-maybe to aug- The Board of Education and the busy man of af- ment the wages and importance of an army of con- fairs, blinded by special interests and palsied by fusing critics will find, as other toilers have fear, have allowed the private corporations to rob found, the necessity of joining hands with union the city, while the teachers have shown us why it labor. is that our city has been "floating amiably and The plain people who know how to make a loaf CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 5 of bread, construct an engine, design a temple opportunity. The Judge fully appreciates, how- and be honest, appeal to the worthy teacher as a ever, that the selfishness of man is inherent and helpful champion; while the tax-dodger, boodler, in order to secure justice men must have knowledge trust schemer and other despoilers of noble pur- of their rights. The place to acquire that knowl- poses are open to most active opposition, not only by teachers, but by every other patriotic, good citi- edge is in the public school. "Every child, from zen. the fifth grade up, should be taught politics and DR. FRANK A. FRY . be given a knowledge of the rights of the people to the streets," says Judge Lindsey. JUDGE LINDSEY'S REMARKABLE SPEECH . The future will be secure just as soon as our children are given this knowledge. The teachers By Warren M. Persons , University of Wisconsin . will not be able to give this knowledge unless they (Written for the Bulletin.) have it themselves . The teachers will not have it themselves unless they take an active part in "Every child, from the fifth grade up , the movement for civic betterment. should be taught politics and be given a knowledge of the rights of the people to the We may congratulate ourselves that the teachers streets. " of Chicago have been the first to see their rela- JUDGE BEN. B. LINDSEY, tion to the questions of the day and their duty In speech before City Club, as educators of future voters. The Teachers' Fed- Chicago, Feb. 18, 1905. eration of Chicago is the beginning of a national organization that will stand for the instruction of From Montana come reports of how the Amal- the youth in civic righteousness. gamated Copper Company, controlled by Rocke- feller, has purchased the political power of the From all sides comes the story of corruption, state; from St. Louis we have heard how private but be not afraid for the future. The people are corporations have debauched the city government ; learning, and out of knoweldge comes justice. Rhode Island, New Jersey, Minneapolis, New York City, Philadelphia have all added to the story MORTUARY FUND DEPARTMENT. of the control of our democratic government by a Members who have not yet sent in their certif- moneyed, special privileged minority. icates for registration and signatures of officers are From Colorado Judge Ben B. Lindsey comes to requested to do so at once in order that work of teli us of the political situation in that state. In registration may be completed before the end of the a talk before the City Club, in Chicago, Saturday, month. Feb. 18, Judge Lindsey told of the labor difficul- LEONORA BECK, Feb. 23 , 1905 . Chairman. ties of the miners and how both employer and em- ploye were entirely inconsiderate of the rights of the other. He told how the control of both Re- CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION. publican and Democratic parties of Denver has The regular meeting of the Chicago Teachers' been obtained by the street railway interests. Al- Federation will be held at 412 Masonic Temple, though the city charter of Denver contains a pro- March 11 , 1905. Special order of business, elec- vision limiting the life of any franchise to a private tion of officers . corporation to twenty years, yet the council grant- The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teachers' ed the street railway company a right to use the Federation will meet Monday, February 27, 1905 , people's streets in perpetuity. The council of Den- at 4 p. m. , in Room 437, Unity Bldg. ver has sold the birthright of its children. But FLORENCE E. TENNERRY, Cor. Secretary. the corporations have not stopped there. They wanted to maintain control of the council. The saloonkeepers and keepers of dives controlled votes. A BOY'S DEFINITIONS. The city officials secured the influence of these Duty is any old thing you've got to do when men by allowing them to debauch the youth of the you want to play baseball. city. The city officials were handed the money Faith is believin' what you've got every reason necessary to ease their consciences. The chain is to suppose ain't so. complete from the highly respectable magnate to the misguided youths of the city. But over this darkness the light is breaking. The town council of Douglas, Isle of Man, which Judge Lindsey, through his juvenile court, is teach- owns its own street cars, carries school children ing the youth of the city that they have a right between 8 and 9 a. m., noon and 2 p. m., and 4 and to decent surroundings. He is offering them an 5 p. m. for half a cent each. 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. (Continued from page 3.) want a charter convention. If we get a charter con- they want those extensions pay for them. Why vention which is really representative of the senti- should the teachers pay for them? I will go further ment of Chicago we will find some way by which we than that. The teachers of Chicago are not only in can secure the financial aid for the schools and the favor of extending the schools, but they are in favor other departments too. of taking hold of this matter with the people and helping them to find a solution for this tax prob- A VOICE FROM NORWAY. lem. I believe that our present system of taxation has fallen down. I believe that it has run itself out. In my native country, Norway, every woman who It is irrational. It is unscientific. It may have in the country districts pays an income tax on a been been adequate at one time. It is wholly in- yearly income of $77, and in the towns on $ 108, or adequate now. The principles underlying this tax- who is married to a man paying such tax, can vote ing system are wrong, and until we build on right in municipal affairs, which makes the suffrage prac- principles we cannot expect to have any other re- tically universal. In the first local elections under sult but this failure. (Applause. ) What is the the law in the fall of 1901, it was found that nearly use, then, of going down to Springfield with a little one-half of the voters in the towns, who exercised patch on a very old, worn-out garment ? (Ap- their suffrage were women. plause. ) I don't believe in it. ( Continued ap- It might be said that the economic conditions of plause.) And the worst of it all is that you will the people of Norway are not such as to cause them give the impression to the people of Chicago that to be held up for approval and emulation by Amer- they have really done something. You will give icans, but when it is taken into consideration that them the impression that they are really relieving the only 3 per cent of the area of the country is tillable, schools , and the relief will be so small that, as Mr. 27 per cent covered with forests and the balance Cooley says, it will not last one year or two at the practically a tract of waste, more extensive than the most. whole of Illinois and Indiana, the advance made in A word on the personal property taxes in Chi- intelligence, morality and public spirit is surprising cago-Do you know how they are collected ? I took in such high latitude, and is largely due to the uni- a printed list from the assessors' office for one part versal participation by its people in public affairs of the city. I found in one block that three men since the adoption of their democratic constitution only were taxed on their personal property. There in 1814. were nearly 200 families living in that block because Their system of raising revenues for public pur- there were a great many large apartment houses, poses which lays its principal tax on inheritances, and three families, not the richest either, out of that personal incomes of all its citizens and on the prop- whole block were taxed on their personal property. erty of each individual as well as on corporations, is If this is because the people of Chicago do not be- one that might be emulated with profit here and lieve in personal property taxes, then why in the could be more practically enforced when the elec- world don't they rouse themselves and abolish it, tive franchise is granted to all who would then be- and put some kind of taxation in its place that is ra- come taxpayers, which would mean every person not tional ? If the taxing of personal property is right, dependent on charity.-Thor. J. Benson, formerly then why don't the tax officials tax all the personal Asst. Pros. Atty. of Chicago. property ? Why do they tax about 3-200 of it and let the rest go ? If it is right I should pay personal Better be a big peg in a little hole than a little property tax, how in the world can you figure it out peg in a big hole. that my neighbor should not do it ? What is the matter with such a taxing system ? A very popular couple-two dollars. The great need in education to-day is not more psychology and pedagogy. ( Laughter. ) Mr. Coley will tell you the greatest need of the schools TO TEACHERS is more money, and the education that is needed LOANS BY A TEACHER most is how to find a way to meet that financial need At Live and Let Live Low Rates. by a rational system of taxation. I wish they would take a dozen educational bills down to Springfield "First aid to the injured in pocket promptly rendered." and keep these questions before the public until the L. A., Care of Federation Bulletin, 437 Unity Building. public in sheer self-protection would be forced to settle them. (Applause.) A word on the taxation of the railroads. Do you know that in 1899 the railroads in Chicago paid Only the deaf and dumb $640,000 less than they did in 1898 ? And that was fail to appreciate the in the year when the assessors doubled the value of real estate in this county. It was the first year we had the Juul law and the assessors doubled the value TELEPHONE of real estate to meet the reduced rate of taxation fixed by the Juul law. They raised the real estate now-a-days . from $ 157,000,000 to $302,000,000, and the rail- roads in Cook county had their taxes lowered. Business Residence per day & 5 Cents and up . That is what is the matter with Chicago. Our problem is how to make those great, wealthy corpo- CHICAGO TELEPHONE CO . rations that have never done their duty by the 203 Washington Street. schools and the public pay up, and that is why we CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. PIANO BUYERS Find Strong Temptation -IN- February Sale -OP- The Manufacturers Annual Clearing at the Kimball Warerooms Means Much for Enrichment of the Home Life. Extraordinary piano buying continues at the Manufacturers' Warerooms, 243Wabash Ave. , S. W. Corner Jackson Blvd. Besides being apowerful ap- peal to the money-saving motive, this sale includes many instruments of the highest type of the piano maker's art. Kimball Pianos are the product of a home factory. For years their praises have been sung by the world's masters in music. Theyare within reach of the purchaser of limited means, for they go directly from the great Kimball factories to the home. Unlimited resources of the producers enable them to give the purchaser possession of the instrument while making payment; hence the wisdom ofmany purchasers anticipating their wants by several months, for rarelydo conditions bring such mighty inducements. FEBRURAY ONLY New Eastern Plano and Kimball Plano Player, regular price................ 8445 20 Rolls of Music, for operating the Player ..………… 20 Total .......... ... $ 465 Special Offer, complete . ... $275 Easy Payments if Desired. W. W. KIMBALL CO. (BSTABLISMED 1887) Southwest Corner Wabash Ave. and Jackson Blvd. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . CARSON PIRIE SCOTT & CO. STATE AND MADISON STREETS-Building formerly occupied by H. A. Selfridge & Co.,andby Schlesinger& Mayer. Telephone, PrivateExchange,2. " We Find Everything Here Far Beyond Expectation" That was the unvarying comment of visitors during our Autumn Opening. Such emphatic approval of what we have accomplished, after only two weeks in the new location, is our war- rant for repeating: We have the Facilities, the Merchandise and the Prices to make this the most satisfactory shopping place in Chicago. Every day, as the house organization settles into the new surroundings, brings improvement. THE BASEMENT STORE offers remarkable values every day. New goods at very low prices, Broken lines from the old store at sharp reductions from closing out sale price there. Interesting New Silks and Velvets. THE Burlinghamsand Burlingham sacking rough silk suitings, thedaintyWarpPrintpompadoureffectsand the broad tail velours, the warm rich colored mousseline and chiffon dress velvets, with the hundred or more other weaves, make an attractive collection that will repay a visit. Second Floor Imported Satin Messaline-sheer beautiful quality-ahappy purchase of an importer's delayed shipment, enables us to offer 50 piece in a splendid assortment of colors, including white and ivory, at a sale price; a yard.... $1.00 Shirt Waist Sulting Silks-Special new designs Mousseline Bengalines-An imported silk and Plaid Taffetas-Clan colorings as well as the wool dress fabric ad a fashion- in the small faconne on checks; we offer unusual values at 81 and .. 75c ues-yard, 81.25, 81.00 and ........... 85c Plain Louisines, Peau de Cygnes, Crepe de Chines, Taffetas-unequaled at 85c, 75c and 58c. BLACK SILKS VELVETS We are generously proud of our new possession, the celebrated Moleskin, velour and broad tail velvets for cloaks at lowest "Moneybak." long wearing black dress silks. With the pur- prices. Mousseline chiffon silk velvets, new browns, chase ofeach dress you carrygenuine silk insurance. $1.25 terra cotta, leather, $2.50, $2.00 and ....... $1.50 Ayard, 82.00, $1.50 and.. Black paon and chiffon velvets from $1.00 85c black silk crepe de chines and taffetas, genuine bar- gains 68c $5.00 Oddlot of all silk Lyons velvets, 85.00 quality, good color assort- 75c imported black taffetas-special ...58c ment, many of the season's new shades, reduced $2.50 to ...... Box Hoisery Sale: Prices Lower Than Ever. Importations for H. G. Selfridge & Co. to Be Disposed Of. THAT tells the reasonwhyweare ina position to make thisa record-breaking box hosierysale. Thousands of dozens of pairs ordered abroad for, and stamped with name of H. G. Selfridge & Co. came to us when we parchased this business. It is all new, desirable merchandise. But we desire tohave onour shelves only the Eiffel brand hosiery. Hence these prices. Firstfloor. WOMEN'S HOSE . MEN'S HOSE. Reg.price, Perbox, Reg. price, Perbox, Reg. price, Perbox, per pair. Sixpairs. perpair. Sixpairs. perpair. Sixpairs, 250 Black cotton double sole er 25c Black cotton, double sole, heel and toes ..... $1.00 50c Black cotton, with linen spliced double sole, heels and split cole........ $1.00 35c Black lisle, fine gauge; black toes $2.15 350Blackcottondouble white or split $ 1.25 cotton, split sole or white foot... ... $1.35 750 Black cotton, brilliant mer- cerized black gauze lisle or $2.50 400Black cotton fine gauze ....... $ 1.50 black cotton, extra heavy ...... 40cBlack lisle or cotton, split sole and ribbed top........ $1.65 500Black cotton, double sole, $ 1.75 50cBlacklisle thread; very fine or 81.00Black brilliant lisle or $4.00 600 Fine Egyptian, black cotton, split sole or white feet ......... $2.00 splitsole, black cotton,veryfine, $1.85 81 25 Black ingrain lisle; four plain black $5.00 750mercerized fine cotton or outsize or ribbed tops..... thread or split sole.... .... $2.50 Children's 35c linen knee hose, outwear all other kinds, 3 pairs for 75c. In the Basement Store: Women's plain black cotton, box of six pairs, 65c, 75c, $1, $1.15. Men's, 45c, 60с, 78с. Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin 100 Vol. IV. CHICAO , MARCH 3, 1905 . No. 14. ADDRESS OF MISS JANE ADDAMS . in educational matters, an enormous belief in the utility and in the value of the public schools, in or- At Music Hall, Fine Arts Building, Feb. 11 , 1905 . der to get these taxes paid, in order to get the peo- ple willing to submit to taxation, or even to arouse I only mean to speak for a very few minutes, be- themselves sufficiently to sharpen a stick and get cause I think you will agree with me that the two after the corporations, as Miss Haley recommends . people who have already spoken are the two people (Applause. ) who know most about the situation, that they have You can't secure a large increase in public revenue spoken very well, and have covered nearly all like this unless you have an enormous amount of the points involved. As I understand it, however, the public feeling and public enthusiasm. Federation of Labor, while it has not yet had a The public school system of America is ordinarily report from its Charter Committee, has already com- supposed to have started about 1837, it was the be- mitted itself to an elective school board versus an ginning of that which we now call the public school appointive board, and I shall ask to say a few words system. That date is the date of the greatest activ- on that subject. ity of Horace Mann, the great educator who went There is no doubt that some cities in the United up and down the country and convinced the people States which have elective school boards are regret- into the belief that nothing was too good for the ting it, and are ready to go back to the appointive education of their children, no matter how much it system, and also that some of the cities that have cost; that a man would better put less money in a appointive boards are clamoring for an elective house and lot and put more money into the educa- system. tion of his child ; that a man would better not have Many years ago I once traveled in Spain, and I a piano in his house, if he could not afford the per- was told when I entered the country that if you sonal ownership of that piano and at the same time went by water you always wished you had gone by support a fine school for the education of his sons rail ; but if you ventured to go by rail you regretted and daughters . throughout the journey you hadn't gone by water. Men will not be taxed for the money to run the But, after all, that was a mere choice of method, sort of school that we ought to have unless they are while here we have a choice of method involving enthusiastic about the schools . A mere handful of something else. We have here one method which men may think that we ought to have manual train- may or may not work well, but one which is, never- ing in the schools or that we ought not to have theless, more essentially in line with democratic in- manual training ; the board and the superintendents stitutions, more representative of the thing which may discuss this matter and present their carefully we in America are all striving to get, than the other expressed opinions to a committee, but the people method is. It seems to me there can be little doubt themselves will not thereby have investigated it and that the elective board is the method which gives to will have no enthusiasm for it. The whole question the people of the city the largest chance to discuss of manual training in the schools should be talked educational measures and to feel themselves more in up and down the city, talked about as men talk sympathy with their own popular school system than when running for office, as they present a politic the appointive board ever can. After all, the mass of platform, pro and con, for and against manual tuan- the people in any quarter of the city, or any part of ing. I think Mr. Cooley and the members of the the country, would always rather vote for principles Board of Education on this platform will agree with than for men. Clever politicians recognize this de- me that the kindergartens we have in the public sire on the part of the voter and they can only fool schools , 125, in contradistinction to the 800 we ought them by making them believe they are standing for to have, were retained not because the Board of principles. You never can get pure principles ; they Education thought they could afford them-quite must always be illustrated and attached to daily life. the reverse ; but because the popular clamor of the The thing which interests people most, and is always people demanded their retention and signified their willingness to pay for them. In the long run people most naturally attached to their daily experience and do care for the education of their children more than to the lives of their children is the unending problem they care for anything else. Over half of the for- of education. We have been told that our schools, eigners which I know are people who have come to when properly extended, are going to cost $7,750,- America' because they wanted to give their children 000 in order to provide for the mere apparatus for a better chance. They want "the young ones to have the extension, and $2,500,000 increase in the an- what they could not get over there." One hears nual budget is required in order to run them as Mr. that every day, and I think the teacher who knows Cooley has stated. We will need to have a revival 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. the foreign citizen will agree with me. They them- system may very easily be brought to disrepute in selves haven't had a chance for the education which its first trial, and it is at the present moment largely is given to their children in the public schools. (Ap- on trial in America everywhere. It may very easily plause. ) And, therefore, it seems to me not alto- be applied in such a way as to make it not a reason- gether a question as to whether the elective board able test of merit, but as to make it a very bungling has worked well in this city or that city. We can- contrivance and deservedly suspected of stupidity. not consider that alone. We must also consider the It seems to me that to test people as students when principle upon which it is based, although I am they are engaged as teachers, to test their knowledge sure that I cannot be disputed in this statement, by examinations and not as it appears in their work, that in those cities in which the election of the mem- is a misapplication of the merit system. Their pro- bers of the Board of Education has been made a fessional efficiency comes out in the children whom special election separate from all the other candi- they teach; it is revealed in their daily occupation dates on the "blanket ballot" it has never failed to be and in their mental alertness. Of course, they must satisfactory. In those cities the parents of the chil- feed their minds because they will go all to pieces dren are allowed to have an intelligent presentation if they do not feed their minds and their work will of the issue at stake and a reasonable use of the soon show it. But to insist upon set studies and a school houses in which such a nationality centers. set apparatus of examinations is to test them in one The method of an elective board has not worked thing and to employ them for another thing. (Ap- very well in those cities where the election has been plause.) turned over as merely a part of the political ma- There used to be an old system of political econ- chinery, to be manipulated and taken care of by the omy which some of us had to study in college that ward heelers, as they take care of the election of a said that every man was lazy; that no man, espe- garbage inspector. Of course it has gone badly cially a man who worked with his hands, would ever then, but never where it has been regarded as a great exert himself unless he were faced with starvation ; education campaign with candidates who represent it was only when the gray wolf was at the door, so educational principles. to speak, that he would go out and do a stroke or My next topic, that of promotional examinations , two of feeble work. Now, of course, we know that is not exactly germane to this discussion because the sort of political economy has been more or less put Board of Education as I understand them, do not upon the back shelf. Perhaps some of you remem- mean to embody promotional examinations in any ber those old diagrams which represent a man's ac- definite bill and, therefore, it has nothing to do with tivity by a curved line gradually sinking until he the revision of the charter, but I have been asked struck the starvation level, when it went sharply up- to say something about promotional examinations ward under the stimulus of hunger. The diagrams, and I am glad to comply in a word or two. From so nearly as I know, do not now appear on any one point of view I have no right to speak. I am blackboard in any school. But are we not doing neither a teacher nor in any way officially connected something of the same sort in pedagogy ? We are with the schools, but speak merely as a citizen, as a acting upon the notion that a teacher will not study looker-on who sometimes have the reputation of unless she has a sharp prod from the outside ; un- seeing the most of the game. I will not claim that, less she is told "if you don't take these studies you but they at least see something of the game, which can't secure promotion." I believe it will not be may be of interest to the players themselves. very long before that, too, is relegated to the back The promotion of the teachers, as I understand the shelves . ( Applause. ) system in Chicago, is dependent to the extent of 50 The newest political economy talks very little of per cent upon examinations. That is, half of the the starvation stimulus but a great deal of the in- marks upon which the promotions are based are the stinct of workmanship. It points to the stimulus reports from the principals and supervisors, and the which is to be found in work itself and of the many other half of their marks depend upon the examina- forces which society itself constantly applies to its tions which they take in studies largely furnished by workmen. It tells of the inventors who have served the Normal extension classes. Now, it seems to this country ; men who have worked without any some of us that a professional person must be judged hope or pay, and worked in the face of almost cer- in the long run by his professional work; that a law- tain failure, because they were possessed of this yer is judged not by set examinations in this state or desire to work out an idea they had in their minds that state, but by his success in practice. We find out because they were driven by an inner impulse. how much Blackstone he knows when he is at the bar Something of that sort, I believe, is coming more with a fellow lawyer pouncing upon any mistake he and more into our estimate of those people who do may make in his quotations from Blackstone. It any sort of stimulating mental work, and certainly may be argued, of course, that lawyers or other pro- no work is more inherently stimulating than that fessional men who have a training as a basis, are which has to do with little children. Dr. Dewey subject to open competition ; that they are not pro- again designates work with the little child as the tected, that they are not paid from the public funds most appealing and the most rewarding of possible and that therefore they are not in that sense public occupations. It is stupid not to take advantage of servants as teachers are. that appeal and of the reward which daily contact No one can stand more firmly, I think, than I do with the little child gives, and to substitute for that for a merit system. No one can have seen more great and enormous advantage, the stimulus which clearly, unless he had to live in the 19th ward for lies in examinations. A teacher responding to this fifteen years, as I have happened to live, the evils of natural, professional interest in her pupils must find a non-merit system, and no one believes more each day that if she wants to keep herself at all in strongly than I do that before we can get our publię line with the growing requirements of the school affairs in order that we must have some such ma- room that she must read, she has to continue her chinery as the merit system affords. But the merit education, she must study, she will seek mental CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 3 - pabulum wherever she can get it. In short, put her of the American Revolution" is dead, and what is in constant contact with the growing child, make true of Kentucky is true of all her sister states. her success depend upon his development and she LIDA CALVERT OBENCHAIN . will feel that no effort is too great to meet the pro- fessional demands upon her. HOW LIBERTY IS LOST . When I came to Chicago fifteen years ago, I had never lived in a city before and I was enormously (An editorial in the New York Independent of interested in the public schools. I had gone to a November 24, 1904.) little village school house, and I never dreamed that The American people cares supremely for effici- public schools could be so remarkable as I found ency. More than any other people in the world we them here. There was all the charm of divinity ; are occupied with "business. " The habits and the down in Englewood under Col. Parker one line of virtues that conduce to business success, we have experiment was being tried, another line under Mr. come to think of as above all other habits and Speer, still another under Mrs. Young. I mention virtues important. The assertion that a man is un- these almost at random as I recall different educa- businesslike is a condemnation that often carries tional centers in the city. The teachers were not ex- with it the severe penalty of exclusion from econ- amined in making geography or industry the basis omic opportunity and social consideration. Ma- of their teaching, they were not examined in their chines that are antiquated or below the highest ability to make a child observe quickly, but they standard of effectiveness we consign to the scrap were enormously interested in the children under their charge and responsive to pedagogical teaching. heap, with a disregard for capital invested that makes Europeans gasp. Officials and employes I think Chicago had some claim then, as perhaps that fail to produce looked-for results are dismissed it has now, to be in the advance of the public school system of America. from service, with as little regard for their future It seems to me over and over again, we have to well-being as if they also, like our creations of steel believe that stimulus for the best work lies in the and brass, were unconscious mechanisms. New work itself. The efficiency of a body of teachers methods are substituted for old without regard for does not altogether depend upon the individual any possible reaction of method upon character. ability of each teacher. It must depend much upon The only question ever raised is, Which method is it, but also upon her relation to her scholars ; per- best for the purpose of achieving the maximum haps even more it depends upon the power of work- efficiency of all the forces, physical and human, en- ing together as a professional body with a common gaged in a given work ? cause. This supreme regard for efficiency has been trans- forming our political thought and practice. Within It seems to me that we ought to do away with the past 25 years we have rapidly been centralizing extraneous tests. Let us by all means have a merit the functions of local government. Public school system in our schools, but let us study to find the education is no longer left wholly to the care of best merit system. Let us see to it to-day that if we towns, townships, boroughs and cities. State boards are going to have civil service in the schools that of education, with State and county superintendents we have a good, respectable, well tested civil service of schools, administer general laws enacted by State built from within and not clapped on from the out- Legislatures, and some of these go so far as to pre- side. One of the first steps in a well established civil scribe how much time shall be given to certain sub- service is the pension system which is being dis- jects of instruction, and what textbooks shall be cussed so largely. Let us not set up a travesty of used. To a great extent the care of defectives and civil service even through it may be a very respect- delinquents has been taken from counties and minor able one. After all, it is the minds of the children civil divisions and given to State institutions and that we are studying to improve, and the improve- other State administrative organs. State boards of ment of the teacher must depend upon that. health are more and more extending their control over local boards. To a diminishing extent State The Daughters of the American Revolution . revenues are obtained by the direct tax, assessed Kentucky papers bers have recently chronicled the upon towns or townships, and to an increasing ex- death of Mrs. Susan Stringer Bennett, "Kentucky's tent they are derived from particular taxes assessed last and only Daughter of the American Revolu- by the State itself. In all this evolution we have tion. " Mrs. Bennett was the daughter of a Revo- proceeded in a single and straightforward purpose lutionary soldier and perhaps the only one in Ken- to secure efficiency. We have not troubled ourselves tucky. But there are yet hundreds of Daughters about the possible reaction of these changes upon of the American Revolution in Kentucky and in the vitality of local self-government. We have not every other state of the Union and their number in- asked how far they have transformed the older creases daily. scheme of American political life into something The real Daughters of the American Revolution that the founders of our Republic would have re- are those women who have the spirit of '76, who garded with abhorrence. hate tyranny, and who love justice. Step by step with centralization we have been You do not need to search any genealogical rec- adopting a new theory of the executive function. ords to find out who these Daughters are. Their The elaborate scheme of checks and balances, names are written on the rolls of the Kentucky whereby the executive and the legislative preroga- Equal Rights Association, an organization of wom- tives were sharply distinguished, and public activi- en which stands for the principle for which the men ties could be carried on only through a process of of '76 fought-" Taxation without representation is concurrence, has become discredited. We say that it was a cumbrous and unbusinesslike plan. What tyranny." The day will never come when it can be said of Kentucky that her "last and only Daughter (Continued on page 5.) 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION least danger of the teacher suffering from that de- plorable malady. But the dominant note from BULLETIN both speakers blames the teacher herself. She Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Foderation, shouldn't worry ; shouldn't work till midnight ; if Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, she were fit to teach she wouldn't wear out, etc. December 23, 1901. All that is common and old and easy to say ; but THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the that the exact opposite is true is so conclusively year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week ol stated by a man who has been for many years one April andDecember, by the Chicago Teachers' Federation. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single of the foremost educators of Minnesota, that I will copies, Five Cents. ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received read from his letter, then tell you who he is ; and byTuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. you will recognize a name that has long stood for ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to the order of the Federation Bulletin. success and effectiveness and inspiration in the THE EDITOR , profession throughout the Northwest and in this 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO. association, of which he has been president. He Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m . Phone Central 3904. says : " The cause for this early decadence, I be- lieve to be the nervous strain caused by worry. A REJOINER. The managing of a community of mammas who avowedly ' never take the part of their children,' the managing of the school board, frequently the By J. K. McBroom, Excelsior, Minn. managing of the superintendent, besides the man- (Some time ago we printed the address of Mr. aging of forty or fifty young Americans who have McBroom on " How to Save the Teacher." The not been trained at home to obey, is sufficient to following excerpts from a rejoinder made by Mr. kill off most any person who has nerves and suf- McBroom to some criticisms on this address, ficient delicacy of feeling to make her fit to teach though belated, is timely.-Editor. ) school. The constant dread of being cut off has killed many a good teacher which a word Rejoinder After The Discussion. of commendation would have saved. A superin- The speaker paints a wonderful picture of a tendent who will sit up nights worrying over his position should have common Christianity enough summer school in the hands of, oh, such perfect to try to relieve as much as he can, in honor, those paragons of pedagogy that the fortunate teacher who are working under him." That letter is from coming under their spell must fairly soak her soul Pres. Shoemaker, St. Cloud Normal. It is now in inspiration, and absorb power like a storage bat- in order for the first of my worthy opponents to tery to 'urn it loose a little later on her own classes. What an ideal summer school ! But that is well, inform you that the author of that letter "has no conception of the teaching profession. " it is ideal; but that is by no means the real thing. He next informs you that Minnesota superinten- dents and supervisors are a lot of weak incom- COOK COUNTY LEAGUE OF WOMEN'S CLUBS . petents because not professionally trained. This At the meeting Saturday, Feb. 25, 1905, the bill same job lot of incompetents furnishes most of the providing for an elected Board of Education was instructors and conductors,-those wonderfully "in- indorsed. spiring educators",-for the summer schools. Per- Miss Jane Addams spoke for an elective board, haps you can explain the paradox. I give it up. Miss Margaret A. Haley on "How to Meet the Nearly all the superintendents of the state, nearly Financial Needs of the Schools," and Mr. Lowry all high school principals of the larger cities, scores on the letter of President Mark. of high school instructors and grade principals, many grade teachers and even college students are WOMEN TEACHERS' MONTHLY PAY. at this moment pulling wires for summer school po- sitions . Most of them are good teachers, but The average monthly pay of women teachers in it is rank nonsense to rave about them as the United States is $39.77 . "inspiring educators," who would impart such The highest is in Arizona, $71.75, but unfortu- wonderful "professional training," in four weeks, nately there are few of them. California, $67.19. to their pupils. Many of these instructors earn, or rather receive, twice the salary in The lowest is in South Carolina, $23.20. Colorado, Illinois, Massachusetts, Montana, Ne- summer school that they could earn anywhere vada, New Jersey, New Mexico, Rhode Island each else at the time ; and though the business college pay more than $50. is brushed aside with contempt, many of the in- Alabama, Maine, Mississippi, New Hampshire, structors couldn't get a position in a good business North Carolina, South Carolina, Oklahoma, Ver- college. mont and Virginia pay less than $30 a month. The books the speaker mentioned as good reading New Mexico alone pays men and women the for teachers are all right, of course. I'm reading same average wages. Journal of Education . one of them now. But it is the coercion in regard to them that I express my contempt for. Most of the teachers hold Normal diplomas or I expect to see the day when overwrought nerves their equivalent ; so do I; and I resent, as in teacher or pupil will be unknown, for joy will they do, the assumption of anyone to dictate to take the place of anxiety, and all the bugaboo of me what professional reading I shall take up next, "exams " will be consigned to limbo. Examination or whether any. The reading would save the is just what the word signifies-pulling up the plant teacher from idleness, you are told. In all the let- -From " Little Sermons " to get a look at the roots. ters here, not one author seems to recognize the by Elbert Hubbard in Chicago American. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 1 5 (Continued from page 3.) ment the reality of Republicanism has ceased, and we want, we tell ourselves, is a method that will the reality of personal rule, under whatever name or enable us to "get things done." The business man, disguise, has begun . from his experience, asserts that the only way to And it makes no difference, so far as the result get things done is to find the man that knows how is concerned, whether a people ceases to decide these to do them, commit the work into his hands, give matters for itself because of indifference, indolence, him full power and authority, and hold him respon- or absorption in other concerns, or ceases to make sible for results. Acting on this theory we have its decisions unmistakably known, because in its been developing in our cities the "businesslike" and elections various questions are so confusingly com- "efficient" plan of government by the Mayor. Give bined that it is impossible for anyone to know what the Mayor a free hand, we say, and let him under- the mandate of the people upon any one question is. stand that he is expected to conduct the city govern- There is one, and so far as we can see, but one pos- ment as a people's representative, and to show the sible way of steering a Republic past the point at results that they demand. In short, we declare, which all Republics in the past have laid their Let us simplify our Democracy. Let the people by course toward despotism, and that is by maintain- all means retain the power; but let them not try ing and developing a practice of popular voting in any clumsy fashion to do the expert work of the upon specific questions of public policy, as well as government themselves, or be so afraid of the bug- upon the candidates nominated for public office. In aboo of dictatorship as to deprive themselves of a large Commonwealth or Federal nation this can efficient service. be accomplished by means of the Referendum. A people rejoicing in the vitality of youth, full of BOARD OF EDUCATION . energy and hope, is always impatient of the "lessons of history." Nevertheless, the fact remains that every people, since recorded history began, that has Wednesday, March 1 , 1905 . tried thus to simplify the practical working of The following reports were adopted: Democratic or Republican government, and to se- Resignations . cure efficiency by delegating extraordinary powers The Superintendent of Schools respectfully re- to the one man of supreme capability, has sooner or ports that he has received and accepted the resigna- later lost its liberties. The Athenian Democracy tions of the following named teachers : Liggett, was swallowed up in the Macedonian Empire. The Delia A. , Arnold ; McCoy, Evangeline G., Talcott ; Roman Republic became the Empire of the Cæsars . Meissner, Ella J. , Shields ; Moody, Margaret Z. , The Republics of Venice and Florence became the despotism of the Doges and the Medicis. The first Schiller ; Seyer, Virginia L. A., Monroe ; Whit- comb, Hattie W. , Scanlan. French Republic, proclaiming "The Rights of That the salary of Mr. Angus Roy Shannon, As- Man," gave itself over to the imperious rule of the first Napoleon, and the second Republic to the ador- sistant Attorney of the Board of Education, be in- ation of Napoleon III. creased from $2,750.00 per annum to $3,500.00 per annum . Historians and publicists have analyzed these That the salary of Mrs. Annie M. McKeough, lessons of history, and thousands of average citizens Stenographer in the Attorney's office, be increased have reflected upon them, only to conclude that his- from $ 1,000.00 to 1,200.00 per annum. tory must forever repeat itself to the bitter end, or That the salary of Miss Ella M. Cullen, Stenog- that some mysterious combination of forces, in some rapher in the Compulsory Education Department, way that cannot be predicted, will save the great be increased from $900.00 to $1,080.00 per annum. American experiment of self-government from the That the salary of John J. Nuesse, Truant Offi- fate of all Republics in the past. cer, be increased from $900.00 to $1,080.00 per We are not prepared to accept either of these annum. conclusions, and we hold to another view because President Mark recommended that the Board we are convinced that it is possible to secure all the oppose two revenue bills now before the legislature advantages of efficiency, without surrendering pop- and advocate the amending of the present law as ular control to the strong and capable man. There follows : "And all moneys raised by such taxation is one part of the lesson of history that has been for school building purposes shall be expended for strangely overlooked, and it discloses the precise the purchase of school sites, play- grounds and school point at which the pursuit of efficiency becomes a houses, or the rental of the same for the erection, surrender to the personal ruler. It will be by equipment and repair of buildings, including furni- clearly perceiving what that point of departure is, ture and apparatus ; for improvements and special and by choosing then the right course instead of the assessments upon school property ; and for the es- wrong, that the American people will, we believe, tablishment of a sinking fund to provide for the maintain for all time the reality of popular self- retirement of bonds and the payment of interest on government. such bonds. " The amendment further provides that The point of departure is reached when the elec- schools may be kept open ten months instead of torate begins to realize consciously and clearly, or nine as the law now is. The recommendation was begins by insensible degrees to forget, what specific adopted. things it proposes to hold its governing executives The president also presented another bill, which responsible for achieving. The moment that a peo- provides, among other things, for the fixing by the ple ceases to decide for itself in detail what things legislature of the office of superintendent and de- it wants and proposes to have, and leaves all such fining his powers. The proposed changes are on the decisions to its government, with a merely general same lines as those contemplated in the several edi- demand that the government shall promote the gen- tions of the " Harper Bill," which have been defeat- eral welfare and the common happiness, that mo- ed at the last three sessions of the legislature. This 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. report was deferred until the next meeting of the All police trial board fines. Board. Three per cent of all other licenses. Elizabeth Monroe was retained as head assistant All rewards not excepted by the general super- of Beidler school and Mary C. Hyland and Anna intendent of police. Lippert were re-transferred to their old position in the same school . Congressman Denby of Michigan, speaking at the Marquette Club banquet Saturday night, told ENGINEERS AND JANITORS. the story of a Detroit preacher who received a call Assignments . from a Chicago church several years ago and who Rose McDermott, Janitress, Corkery School ; came here with his family after considerable delib- Charles McCurry, Engineer, Trumbull School; eration and trepidation regarding the great city William E. Compher, Engineer, Pestalozzi School ; and its wickedness, which he had heard so much De Witt E. West, Engineer, Kinzie School. about. Temporary Assignments . "The preacher and his wife thought for a long Charles S. McHugh, Engineer, Pullman School ; time before they decided to move to Chicago," said Edward H. Bade, Engineer, Louis Nettelhorst the congressman. "Finally they were all ready to School ; Edward Kalinski, Engineer, Logan take the train. They were spending their last night School ; Albert W. Mahone, Stenographer for in Detroit. The preacher's little daughter had heard Board's Charter Committee. her father and mother discussing Chicago, their Reinstatements . future home, and that night, when she said her James R. Crandall, Engineer, Phil Sheridan prayers on her mother's knee, the little girl closed School ; Tim O'Leary, Engineer, Pullman School ; the prayer by saying : " Good-by, God, we are going to Chicago.” John S. McHugh, Engineer, Goodrich School ; Jo- seph V. Porette, Engineer, Brainard School. Separations . A laugh is worth a hundred groans in any market. -Charles Lamb . George M. Merker, Engineer, Phil Sheridan School ; Edward Martin, Engineer, Lyman Trum- MORTUARY FUND DEPARTMENT. bull School ; Charles S. McHugh, Engineer, Pull- man School ; Edward Durkin, Engineer, Brainard Members who have not yet sent in their certif- School ; De Witt E. West, Pestalozzi School ; icates for registration and signatures of officers are William E. Compher, Engineer, R. T. requested to do so at once in order that work of Crane Manual Training High School ; Edward H. Bade, Engineer, Logan School ; Frank Dunlap, registration may be completed before the end of the Engineer, Kinzie School ; Harry A. Schlick, Engi- month. LEONORA BECK, neer, Goodrich School ; Lawrence J. Bransfield, Feb. 23 , 1905 . Chairman. Temporary Stenographer, Board's Charter Com- mittee. Resignations. CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION. Edward Josenhans, Clerk and Stenographer, The regular meeting of the Chicago Teachers ' Supply Department; Mary Canavan, "Janitress, Beale School. Federation will be held at 412 Masonic Temple, Leave of Absence . March 11 , 1905. Special order of business, elec- tion of officers . Tim O'Leary, Engineer, Pullman School, for a FLORENCE E. TENNERRY, period of ninety days or less from February 15, Cor. Secretary. 1905, owing to illness ; George S. Phillips, Engi- neer, Louis Nettelhorst School, for a period of ninety days or less from March 1, 1905, owing to TO TEACHERS illness. LOANS BY A TEACHER POLICE PENSION FUND . At Live and Let Live Low Rates. The various sources from which the revenue "First aid to the injured in pocketpromptlyrendered." comes for the maintenance of the Chicago Police L. A., Care of Federation Bulletin, 437 Unity Building. Pension Fund are as follows : Seventy-five per cent of all dog taxes. Three per cent of all saloon and wholesale liquor licenses. Only the deaf and dumb Twenty-five per cent of all pawnbrokers' licenses. fail to appreciate the All revenue from special details of police officers. One per cent per month of salary received, not to exceed $2. TELEPHONE Twenty-five per cent of all second-hand dealers' now-a-days . licenses. All revenue from unclaimed, lost and stolen property. Business Residence per day & 5 Cents andup. Twenty-five per cent of all junk dealers' licenses. All fines for carrying concealed weapons. CHICAGO TELEPHONE CO . Fifty per cent of all court costs for violations of 203 Washington Street. city ordinances. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. PIANO BUYERS Find Strong Temptation -IN- March Sale -OF- The Manufacturers Annual Clearing at the Kimball Warerooms Means Much for Enrichment of the Home Life. Extraordinary piano buying continues at the Manufacturers ' Warerooms 243 Wabash Ave. , S. W. Cor. Jackson Blvd. Besides being a powerful appeal to the money-saving motive, this sale includes many instruments of the highest type of the piano maker's art. Kimball pianos are the product of a home factory. For years their praises have been sung by the world's masters in music. They are within reach of the purchaser of limited means, for they go directly from the great Kimball factories to the home. Unlimited resources of the producers enable them to give the purchaser possession of the instrument while making payment; hence the wisdom of many purchasers anticipating their wants by several months, for rarely do conditions bring such mighty inducements . MARCH ONLY New Eastern Piano and Kimball Piano Player, regular price .......... $445 20 Rolls of Music, for operating the player ..... ............ 20 Total ....... ... $465 Special Offer, complete.... ............. $275 Easy Payments if Desired W. W. KIMBALL CO . ( ESTABLISHED 1857) Southwest Corner of Wabash Ave. and Jackson Blvd. 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CARSON PIRIE SCOTT & CO . STATE AND MADISON STREETS-Building formerly occupied by H. G. Selfridge & Co. , andby Schlesinger & Mayer. Telephone, Private Exchange, 2. " We Find Everything Here Far Beyond Expectation" That was the unvarying comment of visitors during our Autumn Opening. Such emphatic approval of what we have accomplished, after only two weeks in the new location, is our war- rant for repeating: We have the Facilities, the Merchandise and the Prices to make this the most satisfactory shopping place in Chicago. Every day, as the house organization settles into the new surroundings, brings improvement. THE BASEMENT STORE offers remarkable values every day. New goods at very low prices. Broken lines from the old store at sharp reductions from closing out sale price there. Interesting New Silks and Velvets. THE Burlinghamsand Burlingham sacking rough silk suitings, the daintyWarp Print pompadour effects and the broad tail velours, the warm rich colored mousseline and chiffon dress velvets, with the hundred or more other weaves, make an attractive collection that will repay a visit. Second Floor Imported Satin Messaline-sheer beautiful quality-a happy purchase of an importer's delayed shipment, enables us to offer 50 piece in a splendid assortment of colors, including white and ivory, at a sale price; a yard...... $1.00 Shirt Waist Sulting Silks -Special new designs Mousseline Bengalines-An imported silk and Plaid Taffetas-Clan colorings as well as the in the small faconne on checks; wool dress fabric and a fashion- modest French tones; leading val- weoffer unusual values at $1 and .. 75c able one; desirable; all colors, yard ues-yard, $1.25, $1.00 and....... 85c Plain Louisines, Peau de Cygnes, Crepe de Chines, Taffetas unequaled at 85c, 75c and 58c. BLACK SILKS VELVETS We are generously proud of our new possession, the celebrated Moleskin, velour and broad tail velvets for cloaks at lowest "Moneybak." long wearing black dress silks. With the pur- prices. Mousseline chiffon silk velvets, new browns, chase ofeach dress you carry genuine silk insurance. $1.25 terra cotta, leather, $2.50, $2.00 and ..... $1.50 Ayard, $2.00, $1.50 and... Black paon and chiffon velvets from$1.00 85c black silk crepe de chines and taffetas, genuine bar- gains.. 68c $5.00 Odd lot of all silk Lyons velvets, $5.00 quality, good color assort- 75c imported black taffetas-special ment, many of the season's new shades, reduced 58c to ...... $2.50 Box Hoisery Sale: Prices Lower Than Ever. Importations for H. G. Selfridge & Co. to Be Disposed Of. THAT tells the reasonwhy we are in a position to make this a record-breakingboxhosierysale. Thousands hen we of dozens of pairs ordered abroad for, and stamped with name of H. G. Selfridge & Co. came to v parchased this business. It is all new, desirable merchandise. But we desire to have on our shelves only the Eiffel brand hosiery. Hence these prices. First floor. WOMEN'S HOSE . MEN'S HOSE. Reg. price, Perbox, Reg. price, Per box, Reg. price, Per box, perpair. Sixpairs. perpair. Six pairs. perpair. Six pairs. 25c Black cotton double sole or 25c Black cotton, double sole, heel and toes ..... $1.00 50c Black cotton, with linen spliced double sole, heels and split sole . $1.00 35c Black lisle, fine gauge; black toes . $2.15 35c Black cotton double or split sole or white foot ......... $ 1.25 cotton, split sole or white foot... $1.35 75c Black cotton, brilliant mer- $2.50 cerized black gauze lisle or 40c Black cotton fine gauze.... $ 1.50 black cotton, extra heavy ...... 50c Black cotton, double sole, 40c Black lisle or cotton, split sole and ribbed top. $ 1.65 $1.00 Black brilliant lisle or $4.00 hand seamed. $ 1.75 black cotton... 60cFine Egyptian, black cotton, $2.00 split sole or white feet ........ 50cBlack lisle thread ; very fine or $1 25 Black ingrain lisle; four 75c plain black fine cotton or split sole,blackcotton,very fine, $ 1.85 thread or split sole..... $5.00 mercerized.... $2.50 Children's 35c linen knee hose, outwear all other kinds, 3 pairs for 75c. In the Basement Store: Women's plain black cotton, box of six pairs, 65c, 75c, $1, $1.15. Men's, 45c, 60с, 75c. Chicago Teachers' Federation Vol. IV. Bulletin 100 CHICAGO , MARCH 10, 1905. No. 15. MORAL AND CIVIC TRAINING . of schooling they were getting the most splendid To Save Popular Government. education that people can have, a good all-around education, and their characters were developing BY WILSON L. GILL , LL.D. splendidly. (Excerpts from address delivered before the Then came the war of the Revolution, to gain for Massachusetts State Federation of Women's Clubs our people the right to govern themselves ; and that at Woburn, February 3, 1905.) is the way they were prepared for it. They were farmers who won the battles of the Revolution. ** * School government in general is a mon- They were farmers who determined that we would archy. Have you ever thought what a monarchy no longer be subjects of the crown. That was the is ? A little child is born, and that child does not condition at the time and for some time following the Revolution. know how to manage his own affairs. Somebody stronger in every respect has to govern that child. Now, forty-five per cent of the people are on The mother governs the little one, and that is pa- farms, and fifty-five per cent are in cities and towns, and villages under urban influences. These are rental government; and that is monarchy. The very important figures, and they have the support little child has no part in the government, except of the census department. I submitted the matter to do what every one requires. Then, when we get to the Director of the Census within the past few along a little farther, the child goes to school, and weeks. There is no way in which this matter can that is more monarchy. We get still farther along, be determined accurately, but so near as they could into college, and the thing has not been corrected determine, those who are specialists in the Census yet. It is monarchy again. From the time the child Bureau sustained my guess that fifty-five per cent is born, to the time he leaves the high school and of our people are under urban influences and only university, the only government he comes in contact forty-five per cent under rural influences. Thus, you with, is a government by monarchy, the government see, that for the great mass of our people, those in- fluences that made the character of the colonists to which he must be subjected. He has no power whatever in making the rules and regulations, no have been wiped out. * * * part in it whatever. In the course of the development of the cities, the When the colonists were greatly troubled over steam engine was developed, and the factories grew, their condition-their subserviency to the English and the men were separated from their families, and crown-three per cent of the people lived in towns all that moral, civic, industrial and religious influ- and citiies at that time, and ninety-seven per cent ence of the former day was a thing of the past ; the lived on the farms. The children went to school children were in schools instead of being in con- two, or at most three, months during the year. The tact with their parents. The schools of ten months rest of the time, the children were with their par- were developed from the schools of three months, ents. From the time the child was born to the time and instead of learning simply the "three R's" we he was grown up, he was undertaking things that are now getting a great deal of arithmetic and alge- he could do. He was helping his father, and the bra and trigonometry and geometry; and in place of girls were helping their mother ; they were learning a little reading we are getting a great many things to spin and to weave, and all that sort of thing. such as geography, and a number of th bre And they were coming in contact with grand people have added to that feature. Then, in place of writ- -with their parents, who had by just that same ing, are a whole lot of other things, simply supple- process gathered the experience and the training menting the writing part. And we have nothing, of centuries. Thus they were working along in excepting intellectual work, to take the place of this contact with their parents, getting a splendid moral moral, civic, industrial and religious training that education, a splendid civic education, a splendid re- the people of the colonies received. ligious education. They were learning to work. They were being trained, day by day, into the life In the olden time the government of a school that they were to live when they came to be adults. was, as you see, a monarchy, just the same as the government in the home. But it did not make very They went to school two or three months to learn much difference; it was only for a little while. If the "three R's" and to get brushed up in one or two things which they could not take care of con- that monarchy was a very hard tyranny, still it made veniently on the farm. In those two or three months very little difference. If it made any difference, it simply made children hate that sort of tyranny. 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. But that same sort of government has been contin- putting that method into operation which is actually ued in these schools of the republic, and now we have making citizens, instead of subjects, out of thousands the child being trained by the schools for connec- and thousands of children in that same city of Phil- tion with a monarchy. The only government that adelphia. The Board of Education of Philadelphia an educated American comes in contact with while is carrying the matter forward, and presently we his character is being formed, while he is forming the shall have all of the schools, we trust ; every school habits of his life, is that of monarchy. He is being a little republic, where every child is an apprentice made intelligent, perhaps; he is being made to under- in American citizenship. stand a good many questions in relation to govern- ment and citizenship. But while he is being made You ladies who are making public opinion in intelligent in regard to these things, he is being com- Massachusetts and public opinion in Massachusetts pelled to form the habit of being a subject and of ac- goes very far toward making public opinion in other cepting a government in which he has no part what- states-you are the people who can help, above all ever, except to obey. others, to restore popular government in America, by helping to make the schools training places for In the city of Philadelphia we have just those citizenship, rather than training places for subjects same two percentages I have spoken of, forty-five of the boss . and fifty-five per cent. At the last municipal elec- tion, February of last year, forty-five per cent of PENSIONING RAILROAD MEN . the people who had the right to vote, did vote. Fifty-five per cent of those who had the right did The extension of the Pennsylvania railroad sys- not vote. This forty-five per cent who did vote, tem's pension rules to the Vandalia lines is evidence and who go the primaries, is made up almost ex- -if such evidence were needed that the method clusively of certain classes of people-largely of the adopted years ago by this great corporation for men who work in factories and shops and on the streets, under the orders of foremen. Their whole taking care of its aged employes is as much a part business life is spent in taking orders and in carrying of the company's business as is carrying passengers them into execution. They belong to political clubs, and freight. The pension rules of the Pennsylvania system ap- and there they are governed as in the shop. They ply to every employe from the president down. are told what they shall do at the primary meetings, When the employe of this company reaches a stated and they do it. They are told what they shall do age-70 years, if memory be not at fault-he must at the polls, and they do that. They do not go to the retire, and the pension fund provides for his remain- primaries and the polls as independent American ing years. The pension arrangements of the North- citizens, but simply as parts of a machine, under the western and of the Illinois Central are much the orders of the officers or the bosses . same as are those of the Pennsylvania, while what When we come to see who those fifty-five per cent may be called the relief methods of the Burlington and of the Baltimore & Ohio are modifications of the are who do not vote in the primaries, and do not go to the polls, we find they are practically the entire more pronounced pension regulations of the three other systems . body of gentlemen, practically all of those who have graduated from the colleges and the universities ; not As the railroads are managed by the most practi- absolutely, but practically the whole body of men cal business men in the land it may be concluded that who are at the heads of business, including profes- it has been found to be a good business proposition sional men, and those who take the initiative in their to set an age limit for active employment and to see daily business. All of these have been eliminated that, after that limit has been reached, the employe from municipal citizenship, in the city of Philadel- does not need to suffer through being deprived of a phia; so that the bosses are left simply to use the means of livelihood he may have followed most of his life. Some of the Vandalia employes just re- other machine, which they may handle exactly as they see fit. Thus we have in Philadelphia-we do tired on pensions had been with the company for not call him King Durham, we call him "the easy forty-five or fifty years . boss"-but he is King Durham, just as much as any The younger employes of railroads that have adopted the pension system are encouraged to con- man in any country in the world was ever king. tinue in the business and to put the best of them- And that same condition exists, to a less extent selves into it when they see that, at an age when perhaps, in almost every city of the Union. The ed- they are practically unfit for anything else, faithful ucated people have been eliminated from American service is rewarded and old age is provided for. citizenship. They have been eliminated by the And young men seeking a vocation will be attracted schools and the colleges which have been built and to railroading because it offers them an opening for are supported by the bulwarks of our liberties. They their best activities and ambitions and provides for have wiped out our liberties. They have destroyed their necessities, if not for their comforts also, after popular government in the cities of the United they have grown too old in the service to keep up States. the pace this service demands. What the leading railroad systems of the coun- Now, I am not saying this as a harangue against try have adopted as good business policy soon or our educational institutions. We need our educa- late is almost certain to be the practice of all rail- tional institutions, to be the bulwark of our liberties. roads. Pensioning employes is no longer an experi- But they must change. They must stop subjecting ment. It has been demonstrated that it is good for our children to monarchy. They must liberate their the companies as well as for the employes. The minds. They must construct a republic, and they roads first to adopt the system have set an excellent must give the people the habit and character of cit- example which all other roads should not be slow in izenship. We have found out the way, and we are following. Chicago Evening Post, Feb. 4, 1905. CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 3 LETTER FROM PHOENIX, ARIZONA . grease wood and mesquite, and close to the moun- tains the giant cacti, growing to several times the February 8, 1905. height of a man . The charm of the scenery is in I came into Phoenix on the first day of the new the mountains, visible in all their splendor from the year. Very early, too, on the first of January, for unbroken desert. From faintest blue to deep violet whether you travel by the Santa Fe or seek a route are shaded the garments of light that clothe their through lower altitudes by way of the Southern Pa- ruggedness ; and many times in the day they wear cific, you can only reach Phoenix or leave it in the changing aspects of beauty. The desert is the home small hours of the morning. Like all climates of re- of those health seekers who have become dwellers in nown, this of the arid zone is subject to " excep- tents. There are little colonies of tents, here and tional" seasons . The programme for Arizona is there a single tent, breaking the loneliness of the perpetual sunshine, but the interesting literature scene with homely, human sights and sounds, and issued by the railroads fails to mention, as the man the laughter of children. did who got up an amateur show, that "this pro- The permanent population of Phoenix is said to gramme is liable to be changed." Between Pres- be between ten and twelve thousand. A native is one cott and Phoenix on December 31 , we met light who has lived here a year. The cowboy is in evi- showers, which laid the dust agreeably and washed dence on the streets, the Indian, Pima or Maricopa, the face of the semi-tropical winter vegetation. On is everywhere to be seen, and there is a large Mex- Sunday night, the 8th, the floodgates were opened, ican element in the population. Phoenix is a re- and rain fell steadily for forty hours. On the first markably law abiding town. Not only is the stranger of February began another deluge, steadier but less absolutely safe from annoyance, but the daily papers violent, which still continues intermittently. No one chronicle fewer crimes in proportion to the popula- here is ever prepared for rain, and all the mails are tion than those of the east. Two policemen are suf- delayed. Still, as Miss Goggin would say, there is ficient to safeguard the public peace. no dust, which in a desert country is an advantage not to be despised. The cost of everything not produced here is con- siderably higher than in the east. The restaurants The streets of Phoenix are all unpaved, and the are chiefly under Chinese management and control. sidewalks are few and brief. The soil is adobe clay, The prosperity of Phoenix depends mainly on firm and level underfoot in the dry weather, which the health seeker, though ranching and ostrich farm- generally prevails, but unspeakable after a rain. The ing are the typical industries . mud is not only deep but adhesive in a remarkable It is a city of churches. All the denominations degree. The surrounding country is desert, re- are represented, and some count among their com- deemed by irrigation; here the thirsty sand drinks municants a number of the Indians from the gov- ernment school . the rain as fast as it falls, so that walking and driv- ing are always possible. The winter climate of this part of Arizona is very like Indian summer in Illinois. The highest tem- Phoenix lies in the Salt River valley, and is al- perature is about 80 in the shade at noon. There is most completely encircled by mountains. The alti- a remarkable change at sunset, when the air becomes tude of the town is something over a thousand feet ; very chilly. Not the least of the beauties of Arizona of the surrounding country near the mountain about is the splendor of the sky at night. The air is so 1,200. It is the mecca of countless health seekers , clear that there seems much less of it between us from every state in the Union, with a scattering few and the stars, and the moonlight floods it with a from Europe. By the more widely traveled of these searching brilliancy. the climate and general appearance of Arizona are There is tonic and rest in this same air, but no compared sometimes to Egypt, sometimes to South stimulus to any undue activity. This is probably Africa. A drive of eight or nine miles, from the the reason why doctors are sending Chicago people city to the Camel's Back, the largest of the nearer to Arizona. Yet even here one does not lose the mem- mountains, shows a fertile land, producing under ory of Chicago, with its ceaseless activity, its opaque irrigation crops of alfalfa, of wheat, and grass. atmosphere, and all its varied charms. Be it ever so windy, There are many fruit ranches, yielding abundantly There's no place like home. oranges, grape fruit, tamarinds, lemons, olives, Μ. Μ. pomegranates and figs. There are great numbers of horses and cattle grazing in the fields. The cattle ODD TALES OF THE TOWN. have a familiar and domestic look, but the horses of Arizona are a strange race. They have an unfriend- Professor Coe of Northwestern University in his ly eye, and they are apt to be an indefinite shade of lecture on the religious education of children fre- woolly cream color. quently tells the following story to illustrate the strange ideas which children acquire of religious The little burro grazes beside them, he of the truths : reposeful manner and impenetrable gaze, and the un- A little girl who had been put to bed in a dark expected voice. The Arizona farm house is one room began to cry, and when her mother asked story high, sometimes of brick, sometimes of adobe what she was crying about said that she was afraid clay, not often of wood, for wood is rare and costly, of the dark. except the knotty mesquite gathered on the desert, "Don't be afraid," said the mother, "God is here which is the staple fuel. The ranches have a spa- and nothing can hurt you." cious look, with little of the homely domestic clutter The child quieted down, but about fifteen minutes of an eastern farmyard. Beyond them and be- later went downstairs to the room where her mother yond the canal which brings the saving water, lies was reading and said: the desert, covered with sage brush, with various "Mamma, let me stay here, and you go upstairs gnarled and low growing trees and bushes, chiefly and stay with God awhile." 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION OCCUPATIONS OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY BULLETIN OF ILLINOIS 1905 . Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, Batered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, December 23, 1901. Druggist I Engineer ... ..... I Express Agent . I Total workingmen ... 7 THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the Bailiff I Salesmen .. 2 year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of April andDecember, by the Chicago Teachers' Federation. Grocer I Ministers 2 THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single copies, Five Cents. Inspector ... I Editors 2 ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received Publisher Undertakers I 2 byTuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to Brokers the order of the Federation Bulletin. Journalist I .. 2 Abstractor 1 Corporation Officers.. 2 THE EDITOR , Sign Advertiser.. I Contractors .... 3 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO. Phone Central 3904. Dentist I Insurance Men .... 4 Dusiness office hours, 9 a . m. to 5 p. m. Brewer I Bankers .... 4 Constable I Manufacturers ...... 4 WOMAN SUFFRAGE . Glass Blower I Physicians .. ... 4 Miner I Real Estate . 9 Machinist I Clerks 13 By Sarah Platt Decker, President General Federation Laborer I Merchants .20 Women's Clubs . Brick Mason.. I Farmers .27 I do not hesitate to say that the best women of Miller .... I Lawyers ... 70 Colorado have far more conscience in fulfilling their responsibilities as voters than the men of the same The occupation of the various members of the class. It is also true that women of standing in the present legislature is a very interesting subject. community have great influence with men who are One thing that interests teachers is the fact that not particularly interested in public affairs. every profession but theirs is represented. Lawyers, ministers, editors, journalists, dentists and physi- We are constantly asked by visitors to Colorado, cians are represented by members of their profes- "But how do prominent women, with their many sion, but not one teacher. Even the unskilled la- duties and obligations, have time for politics." To borers have their brother laborer to represent them speak to one's grocer, butcher, stationer, to a con- and when legislation affecting the interests of the ductor on a car or to a cabman, takes only an instant unskilled laborer is introduced it becomes his duty and it takes just about one hour in a year to cast not only to acquaint his fellow laborers and to take all the ballots necessary or allowable. the necessary steps to protect their rights, but from The women of the half-world generally do not the floor with his voice and ballot he may defend vote. They are constantly changing their residences these rights on the floor of the legislative hall. and names . They do not wish to give any data con- I had the pleasure of meeting Mr. Wignall, the cerning themselves, their age, name, or number celebrated labor leader from Great Britain, when he and street; they prefer to remain unidentified. Oc- casionally some disreputable master compels these was here a short time ago. He informed me that slaves to vote for his own purposes, but it is a rare the teachers of Great Britain have three representa- occurrence. tives in the British parliament, whose salaries are paidby the Teachers' Union, which has a member- Has the woman voter wholly purified politics, and ship of more than 25,000. The members of parlia- have we banished saloons ? No, to both questions. ment serve without pay. It would be beyond reason to expect such a result. Is there any reason why the teachers of law- Women have been in churches and in society since makers should be excluded from representation and the beginning of time, but there are still vicious minds and sinful deeds in both religious and social participation in the work of constructing the laws circles. The most we assert is that if we pour a whose observance they must teach ? Yes, there is a clear stream into a muddy one, we shall have a good reason. "moving of the waters" for betterment. It will cease to exist when House Bill No. has been enacted into law. That will be when the There is a splendid womanly independence in be- ing a voting citizen, and an absorbing interest in ful- women of Illinois wake up. filling the duty of citizenship ; and there is a much more chivalrous devotion and respect on the part of men, who look upon their sisters not as play- LARGE THOUGHTS IN SMALL PACKAGES. things, nor as property, but as equals and fellow- citizens. No legacy is so rich as honesty. Revenge is sweet only to the very small indivdual. ADMINISTRATION BILL. A secret can be let out, but it cannot be drawn back. On the opposite page we print the text of the bill prepared by a committee of the Board of Educa- tion for introduction in the legislature. It was re- Dr. Edward Everett Hale . ferred to the Committee on School Management and will probably come before the meeting on next Aboard is something made of wood. It is very Wednesday night. long. It is hard-and thick-and narrow. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 5 ADMINISTRATION BILL . Fifth. To employ teachers, principals and super- intendents and fix the amount of their compensation. Presented March 1, 1905 and Referred to Committee Sixth. To prescribe the school books to be used, and the studies in the different schools . on School Management. Seventh. To lay off and divide the city into school districts, and from time to time alter the same A BILL and create new ones, as circumstances may require , For an Act to amend Section 21 , of Article VI. , of and generally to have and possess all the rights, an act entitled "An act to maintain and estab- powers and authority required for the proper man- lish a system of free schools," approved and in agement of schools, with power to enact such ordi- force May 21 , 1889, as amended by an act ap- nances as may be deemed necessary and expedient proved April 22, 1899 ; and Section 22 of Article for such purposes. VI of said act, as amended by an act approved May 13, 1903 ; and Section 23 of Article VI . Eighth. To expel any pupil who may be guilty ofsaid act. of gross disobedience or misconduct. Ninth. To dismiss and remove any teacher, prin- Be it Enacted by the People of the State of Illi- cipal or superintendent, whenever, in their opinion, nois, Represented in the General Assembly : he or she is not qualified to teach, or whenever, from SECTION I. That Section 21 of Article VI, of an any cause, the interests of the schools may, in their act entitled "An act to maintain and establish a sys- opinion, require such removal or dismissal ; pro- tem of free schools," approved and in force May 21 , vided, that after having satisfactorily passed the 1889, as amended by an act approved April 22, 1899, probationary period hereinafter provided for, no be amended so as to read as follows, to-wit : teacher or principal shall be dismissed or removed Section 21. The said Board of Education shall except for cause after due and timely notice and have charge and control of the public schools in upon written chargess investigated by said Board ; such cities, and for these purposes shall be a body provided, however, that said Board shall at no time corporate with full power to sue and be sued, and be obliged to retain in the service more teachers or shall have power with the concurrence of the City principals than the needs of the schools require. Council- First. To erect or purchase buildings suitable for Tenth. To apportion the scholars to the several schools. school houses, including buildings for the use of the Board, and keep the same in repair. Eleventh. To lease school property, and to loan Second. To buy or lease sites for school houses, moneys belonging to the school fund. playgrounds and buildings. If said Board of Edu- Twelfth . To grant the use of assembly halls and cation shall be unable to agree with the owner or class rooms when not otherwise needed, including owners for the purchase of such sites, then, with light, heat and attendants, for public lectures , con- the concurrence of the City Council, it may acquire certs and other educational and social interests free the title to said sites in the manner that may be now of cost, but under such provision and control as they or hereafter provided for by any law of eminent do- may see fit to impose. (As amended by an Act ap- main. Such proceedings to condemn shall be in the proved May 13, 1903. ) name of said city in trust for the use of the schools. SECTION 3. That Section 23 of Article VI of an (As amended by an act approved April 22, 1899) . act entitled "An act to maintain and establish a sys- Third. To issue bonds for the purpose of build- tem of free schools ," approved and in force May 21 , ing, furnishing and repairing school houses, for pur- 1899, be amended so as to read as follows, to-wit : chasing sites for the same, and to provide for the Section 23. It shall be the duty of such Board of payment of said bonds ; to borrow money for school Education— purposes upon the credit of the city. First. To take the entire superintendence and con- SECTION 2. That Section 22 of Article VI of an trol of the schools in such cities, and to elect a su- act entitled "An act to maintain and establish a sys- perintendent of schools who shall have general su- tem of free schools," approved and in force May 21 , pervision, subject to the approval of the Board, of 1889, as amended by an act approved May 13, 1903, the courses of study, text books, discipline and con- be amended so as to read as follows, to-wit : duct of the schools, and of all examinations con- Section 22. The said Board of Education shall ducted by the Board, and who shall perform such have power- other duties as the Board may prescribe; and all ap- First. To furnish schools with the necessary fix- pointments, promotions and transfers of teachers, tures, furniture and apparatus. principals and superintendents, and the introduction Second. To maintain, support and establish, for of text books and educational apparatus, shall be persons six years of age and over, elementary made only upon recommendation of said superin- schools; high schools; normal schools; evening tendent of schools approved by the Board. The schools, including classes for adults; manual train- term of office of said superintendent of schools, after ing, domestic science and commercial schools ; vaca- having satisfactorily served for a probationary pe- tion schools; playgrounds; lectures; delinquent, riod of one year, shall be five years, during which truant, and parental schools; schools for deaf, blind time his salary shall not be changed, and he shall and crippled children; and kindergartens for chil- not be dismissed or removed except for cause after dren four years of age and over; and supply the in- due and timely notice upon written charges and trial adequacy of the school funds for the salaries of by said Board. The superintendent of schools shall school teachers from school taxes . have a seat in the Board of Education and the right Third. To hire buildings or rooms for the use of to speak, but not to vote. the board. Second. To examine all persons offering them- Fourth. To hire buildings or rooms for the use selves as candidates for teachers, and when found of schools. well qualified to give them certificates. 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. Third. ( Omitted. ) CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION . Fourth. To establish all such by-laws, rules and The regular meeting of the Chicago Teachers' regulations for the government and for the estab- Federation will be held at 412 Masonic Temple, lishment and maintenance of a proper and uniform system of discipline and course of study in the sev- March 11 , 1905. Special order of business, elec- eral schools as may, in their opinion, be necessary. tion of officers. Polls open from 10:30 a. m. to Fifth. To determine from time to time how 1:00 p . m. many and what class of teachers may be employed in The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teachers' each of the public schools, and employ such teach- Federation will meet Monday, March 13th, 1905, ers and fix their compensation ; to make all appoint- at 4 p. m. , in Room 437, Unity Bldg. ments, promotions and transfers of teachers for FLORENCE E. TENNERRY , merit only from cligible lists in the order of the Cor. Secretary. standings thereon, such standings to be determined by scholarship and by length and character of ser- CHICAGO TEACHERS' CLUB . vice and by such further means as the Board may determine ; provided, that after having satisfactorily The Chicago Teachers' Club will meet Saturday, served for a probationary period of three years, all I p. m. , March 11 , in Carson & Pirie's restaurant. MARY E. REYNOLDS , Pres. teachers and principals shall be appointed to perma- EMILY A. HAYWARD, Cor. Sec. nent positions, subject to the regulations of the Board regarding conduct, efficiency and compensa- tion ; provided, however, that the Board shall at no time be obliged to retain in the service more teach- Only the deaf and dumb ers or principals than the needs of the schools re- quire. fail to appreciate the Sixth . To take charge of the school houses, fur- niture, grounds and other property belonging to the TELEPHONE school districts, and see that the same are kept in now-a-days . good condition and not suffered to be unnecessarily injured or deteriorated. Seventh . To provide fuel and such other neces- Business Residence per day & 5 Cents and up. saries for the schools as, in their opinion, may be re- quired in the school houses, or other property be- CHICAGO TELEPHONE CO . longing to the said districts . 203 Washington Street. Eighth. To inquire into the progress of scholars and the government of the schools. Ninth. To prescribe the method and course of discipline and instruction in the respective schools, First and to see that they are maintained and pursued in Mortgage GOLD the proper manner . Tenth. To prescribe what studies shall be taught,. and what books and apparatus shall be used. $500 Estate BONDS Real Eleventh. To report to the City Council, from 5 Years, 5 % Net. time to time, any suggestions they may deem ex- pedient or requisite in relation to the schools and They are gilt edge and the school fund, or the management thereof, and I recommend them . generally to recommend the establishment of new schools and districts. Property rents for Twelfth. To prepare and publish an annual re- $ 30 , ㅇㅇㅇ port, which shall include the receipts and expendi- tures of each school, specifying the source of such ALLOWED ON receipts and the object of such expenditures . 4% DEPOSITS IN Thirteenth. To communicate to the City Council, SAVINGS DEPARTMENT from time to time, such information within their pos- session as may be required. With $50 You Can Open a Checking Account OPEN UNTIL 4 P. M. SATURDAYS TO PARENTS AND TEACHERS Why not own a Summer Home in high class Family Re- sort in a prohibition county, in the most fertile frut belt in Michigan, one night's ride from Chicago, bordering on Lake Michigan. Lots 100x150, on high ground. Price $100, $10 cash A. C. TISDELLE and $10 per month. or stock in the company controlling the Long Distance Established CENTRAL PLAT on same terms. Very desirable investment. Hotel and cottages are on the grounds. 4479 Main BANKER 12Years At owner's option lots will be set to fruit and cultivated. An ideal place for teachers to study and review. Address BANK FLOOR 94 LA SALLE STREET all inquiries to CHICAGO MRS. LILY PATTERSON , 3006 Michigan Ave. , CHICAGO CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 7 PIANO BUYERS Find Strong Temptation -IN- March Sale -OF- The Manufacturers Annual Clearing at the Kimball Warerooms Means Much for Enrichment of the Home Life . Extraordinary piano buying continues at the Manufacturers ' Warerooms 243 Wabash Ave. , S. W. Cor. Jackson Blvd. Besides being a powerful appeal to the money-saving motive, this sale includes many instruments of the highest type of the piano maker's art. Kimball pianos are the product of a home factory. For years their praises have been sung by the world's masters in music. They are within reach of the purchaser of limited means , for they go directly from the great Kimball factories to the home. Unlimited resources of the producers enable them to give the purchaser possession of the instrument while making payment; hence the wisdom of many purchasers anticipating their wants by several months, for rarely do conditions bring such mighty inducements. MARCH ONLY New Eastern Piano and Kimball Piano Player, regular price .......... .. .. $445 20 Rolls of Music, for operating the player ..... ........ 20 Total ......... .. $465 ...... Special Offer, complete ..... $275 Easy Payments if Desired W. W. KIMBALL CO . (ESTABLISHED 1857) Southwest Corner of Wabash Ave. and Jackson Blvd. 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CARSON PIRIE SCOTT & CO . STATE AND MADISON STREETS—Building formerly occupied by H. G. Selfridge & Co. , andby Schlesinger & Mayer. Telephone, Private Exchange, 2. " We Find Everything Here Far Beyond Expectation" That was the unvarying comment of visitors during our Autumn Opening. Such emphatic approval of what we have accomplished, after only two weeks in the new location, is our war- rant for repeating: We have the Facilities, the Merchandise and the Prices to make this the most satisfactory shopping place in Chicago. Every day, as the house organization settles into the new surroundings, brings improvement. THE BASEMENT STORE offers remarkable values every day. New goods at very low prices. Broken lines from the old store at sharp reductions from closing out sale price there. Interesting New Silks and Velvets. THE Burlinghamsand Burlingham sacking rough silk suitings, the daintyWarpPrint pompadour effects and the broad tail velours, the warm rich colored mousseline and chiffon dress velvets, with the hundred or more other weaves, make an attractive collection that will repay a visit. Second Floor Imported Satia Messaline-sheer beautiful quality-a happy purchase of an importer's delayed shipment, enables us to offer 50 piece in a splendid assortment of colors, including white and ivory, at a sale price; a yard.... $1.00 Shirt Waist Suiting Silks-Special new designs Mousseline Bengalines-An imported silk and Plaid Taffetas-Clan colorings as well as the inthe small faconne on checks; 75c wool dress fabric and a fashion- modest French tones; leading val- we offer unusual values at $1 and.. able one; desirable; all colors , yard 85c ues-yard,81.25, $1.00 and........ 85c Plain Louisines, Peau de Cygnes, Crepe de Chines, Taffetas-unequaled at 85c, 75c and 58c. BLACK SILKS VELVETS We are generously proud of our new possession, the celebrated Moleskin, velour and broad tail velvets for cloaks at lowest "Moneybak." long wearing black dress silks. With the pur- prices. Mousseline chiffon silk velvets, new browns, chase of each dress you carry genuine silk insurance. $1.25 Ayard, $2.00, $1.50 and. terra cotta, leather, $2.50, $2.00 and ....... $1.50 Black paon and chiffon velvets from $1.00 85c black silk crepe de chines and taffetas, genuine bar- gains 68c $5.00 Oddlot of all silk Lyons velvets, 85.00 quality, good color assort- 75c imported black taffetas-special ment, many of the season's new shades, reduced ... 58c to ...... $2.50 Box Hoisery Sale: Prices Lower Than Ever. Importations for H. G. Selfridge & Co. to Be Disposed Of. THAT tellsthe reasonwhy weare in a position to make this arecord-breakingboxhosierysale. Thousands of dozens of pairs ordered abroad for, and stamped with name of H. G. Selfridge & Co. came to us when we parchased this business. It is all new, desirable merchandise. But we desire to have on our shelves only the Eiffel brand hosiery. Hence these prices. Firstfloor. t WOMEN'S HOSE. MEN'S HOSL . ha Reg.price, Perbox, Reg. price, Perbox, Reg. price. Perbox, perpair. Sixpairs. per pair. Six pairs. perpair. Sixpairs. 250 Black cotton double sole er 250 Black cotton, double sole, $1.00 50c Black cotton, with linen spliced double sole, heels and split sole ..... $ 1.00 350 Black lisle, fine gauge; black toes $2.15 350Blackcotton white doubleor split $ 1.25 cotton, split sole or white foot... $1.35 75c Black cotton, brilliant mer- .$ 2.50 400Black cotton fine gauze.......$ 1.50 cerized black gauze lisle or black cotton, extra heavy ...... 400 Black lisle or cotton, split sole and ribbed top........ $1.65 500 Black cotton, double sole, $ 1.75 50cBlack lisle thread; very fine or 81.00Black brilliant lisle or $4.00 60c Fine Egyptian, black cotton, split sole or white feet ..........$2.00 splitsole, black cotton,very fine, $1.85 plain black fine cotton or four $5.00 750mercerized..... outsize or ribbed tops....... thread or split sole....... $2.50 Children's 35c linen knee hose, outwear all other kinds, 3 pairs for 75c. In the Basement Store: Women's plain black cotton, box of six pairs, 65c, 75c, $1, $1.15. Men's, 45c, 60c, 78c. Chicago Teachers' Federation Vol. IV. Bulletin CHICAGO , MARCH 17, 1905 . No. 16. ELECTIVE BOARD OF EDUCATION. Board of Education. Not more than one candidate may be named in any one petition and no person may sign petitions for more than five candidates for the A BILL same election for which the petition is presented. For an act to amend the Charter of the City of Upon the filing of such petitions in the office of the Chicago, and to provide for a school board for said Board of Election Commissioners as aforesaid, the city. board shall place the same in the public files of that Section 1. Be it enacted by the people of the office, and for five days, the last of which shall be State of Illinois, represented in the General As- not less than thirty days before the election, the sembly : board shall cause to have published the names pro- posed in two daily newspapers of the city. Any one That in cities having a population exceeding 100,- thus nominated may withdraw his nomination by a ooo inhabitants, from and after this act shall take written declination filed with the Board of Election effect, the Board of Education shall consist of twen- Commissioners before the certification of the same, ty-one members, to be elected as hereinafter pro- as aforesaid. The Election Commissioners shall vided. Provided, however, that in said city the prepare ballots, the color and quality of whose paper members of said board shall hold office until their shall be the same as that of the regular city ballots. successors are elected and have qualified. The mem- The ballots so prepared shall contain the names of bers of the Board of Education shall be elected on all such candidates, arranged in alphabetical order a general ticket for a term of four years except as in. columns, according to the following method : specified hereinafter by the voters of said city quali- The names of candidates for each term shall be fied to vote for such officers . printed in a separate column; those for the regular The members of said Board of Education shall be term in the first column, and those to fill vacancies elected at a special election on the first Saturday in in the second column, and such names shall be June of the even calendar years beginning with the printed upon the ballots in rotation in such manner year 1906, and shall be taken from the city at large as nearly possible, that the name of each candidate without reference to districts, and said election shall shall appear at the head of the column for his term, be held under the provisions of the general law gov- whether the regular or the vacancy term, as often erning municipal elections so far as they are not in- as that of any other such candidate shall so appear, consistent with the provisions of this act. and in the second place a like number of times, and so on . In printing the ballots, the position of the The expense of said election shall be borne by the several names shall be changed as many times as city and shall be provided for in the same manner there are candidates to be voted for. In changing and at the same time as is the expense for the mu- the positions, the printer shall take the name at the nicipal election in:mediately preceding said special election. head of the column and put it at the foot, raising the remainder of the column so that the name that Not later than forty days before any election for was second before the change shall be first after the members of the Board of Education, provided for change. After the ballots are printed, they shall in this act, voters of said city qualified to vote at be kept in separate piles, one pile for each change said special election for the members of the Board of position, and then gathered by taking one from of Education may present names of candidates for each pile and placing it upon the pile to be blocked in election as members of the Board of Education to such a way that every block of one hundred ballots the election commissioners in the manner following : (and all ballots shall be sent out in blocks of one Each candidate shall be proposed in writing by hundred each) shall have as nearly as possible an not fewer than 4,000 voters of said city qualified to equal number of ballots of each kind, and the name vote at said special election for members of the of each candidate thereon shall appear severally in 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. first, second, third and fourth places, and so on, AMENDMENT TO PENSION LAW. upon the several ballots an equal number of times A bill for an act to amend an act entitled "An with each of the other candidates for the said term. Act to provide for the formation and disbursement There shall be nothing on the face of said ballots of a Public School Teachers' and Public School Em- except as otherwise provided herein and except the ployes' Pension and Retirement Fund in cities having names of the candidates and the respective terms a population exceeding one hundred thousand inhab- for which they are candidates, together with a itants," so as to provide for increasing said fund square in front of each name and a statement at the by the addition of public funds. head of each column of the number of candidates for that term for whom the electors may vote, and Original act approved May 31, 1895. In force, that the elector shall indicate his choice by mark- July 1 , 1895. Amendment approved May 11 , 1901 ; ing a cross in the square opposite the name of each in force July 1 , 1901 . candidate for whom he votes, and not elsewhere. Be it Enacted by the State of Illinois, Represented Each elector may vote for as many candidates as in the General Assembly : there are members to be elected, by marking a cross That in cities of more than 100,000 inhabitants in the square opposite the name of each candidate the City Council may, and the same is hereby au- for whom he votes. No election officer, challenger or poll book holder shall indicate to any elector of- thorized to, appropriate annually from any license fering himself to vote what he believes or under- fees or other available funds under its control for stands to be the political affiliation of any candidate. the purpose of creating and maintaining a Public The candidates in number equal to the number of School Teachers' and Public School Employes' pen- members to be chosen for the respective terms for sion and retirement fund, an amount which shall which they shall have been nominated, who have the highest number of votes of those cast for such not in any year exceed three times the total term shall be declared elected. If at any election a yearly contributions of the said teachers and em- member is chosen to fill a vacancy and to serve out ployes of said city to the increase and maintenance an unexpired term, candidates may be chosen as of said Public School Teachers' and Public School above provided, but they shall in all cases be nom- Employes' pension and retirement fund. Provided inated or proposed for such vacancy and designated that in cities where a Public School Teachers' and in the petition and on the ballot as candidates to fill such vacancy, and the date of the expiration of the Public School Employes' pension and retirement unexpired term shall be stated. The vacancies in fund is now maintained from the contributions said Board of Education shall be filled temporarily withheld from the salaries of the said teachers and by the Board, as soon as practicable after such va- cancy occurs . Such member so chosen shall hold employes that said increase appropriated by the office until his successor shall be elected at the next City Council shall be made a part of said pension regular election for members of the Board of Edu- and retirement fund so maintained by said teachers cation in said city when the vacancy shall be filled and employes and shall be under the control of and for the remainder of the term. Any person violat- administered by the Board of Trustees of said ing any of the provisions of this section shall be Public School Teachers' and Public School Em- fined upon conviction in any sum not exceeding two hundred dollars . ployes' pension and retirement fund. At the special election occurring on the first Sat- urday of June, 1906, twenty-one members of the ANOTHER WOMAN SUFFRAGE GOVERNOR Board of Education shall be elected to serve as Gov. Hoch of Kansas has recommended woman hereinbefore provided. They shall assume office suffrage in his message to the new legislature. He on the first Monday of July, 1906, and shall meet says : at the office of the Board of Education at twelve o'clock, noon, and shall proceed to organize. With- "In 1899 Theodore Roosevelt, then Governor of in three weeks after the organization of said elected New York, said in his message : ' I call the attention board they shall meet to divide themselves by lot, of the legislature to the desirability of gradually ex- in such manner as they shall determine, into two tending the sphere in which the suffrage can be ex- classes, as follows : The first class, consisting of ercised by women,' and I am glad to follow such an ten members, shall hold office for four years. The illustrious example in a similar suggestion to you. second class , consisting of eleven members, shall Municipal suffrage has worked no ill to woman- hold office for two years. In the year 1908, and hood or the state, and seems to be satisfactory to every fourth year thereafter, ten members shall be the people." elected. In the year 1910 and every fourth year Municipal suffrage was granted to the women thereafter, eleven members shall be elected. of Kansas in 1887. In 1901 , a motion made in the legislature to repeal it was voted down almost This act shall be submitted to a vote of the elec- unanimously, and " amid a ripple of amusement." tors of the City of Chicago at the next general, mu- The first governor to recommend woman suffrage nicipal or special election held after its passage, and in his message to a state legislature was ex-Gov. if a majority of the legal voters of said city, voting Claflin of Massachusetts, who has just died. He on the question at such election shall vote in favor did it in 1871 , when it was looked upon as a great of the adoption of this act, the same shall thereupon innovation. Now some governor does it almost immediately take effect and become operative. every year , CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 3 NATIONAL EDUCATIONAL ASSOCIATION. state headquarters are named. Written guarantees of the rates have been filed with the Local Commit- Forty-Fourth Annual Convention Asbury Park and tee. Each hotel has agreed to entertain during the Ocean Grove , N. J. , July 3-7, 1905 . convention the number of guests indicated in the first column of the following table. SPECIAL ANNOUNCEMENT . There are a large number of other excellent hotels NATIONAL EDUCATIONAL ASSOCIATION . and boarding houses at rates varying from $ 1.50 to - $2.50 per day, while many thousand accommoda- Executive Committee for 1904-1905 . tions have already been secured in private homes William H. Maxwell, President .. New York, N. Y. and boarding houses at rates varying from $1.00 John W. Cook, First Vice-President .. De Kalb, Ill . to $2.00 per day, and at still lower rates by the week. James W. Crabtree, Treasurer ........ Peru, Nebr. The Association has not often met where its mem- Albert G. Lane, Chairman of Trustees . Chicago, Ill. W. T. Harris, U. S. Com'r of Education .... bers could be entertained so economically and so pleasantly as in these two beautiful seaside cities, ...Washington, D. C. Asbury Park and Ocean Grove. In anticipation of Irwin Shepard, Secretary ...... Winona, Minn . a very large attendance it is advised that early ORGANIZATION AT ASBURY PARK AND OCEAN GROVE . engagements for entertainment be made through the Local Committee. Local Executive Committee . Owing to the abundant facilities for bathing in President . T. Frank Appleby bath bouses, and in the ocean, but few of the ho- Vice-President . ..R. A. Tusting tels offer private baths in connection with their Secretary Claude V. Guerin rooms ; where this can be done the rate will be Treasurer . Clarence S. Steiner $ 1.00 per day additional for each room whether oc- Chairman of Sub-Committees . cupied by one or two persons . Committee on Entertainment . The Coleman House will be the headquarters of .Mayor Frank L. Ten Broeck the Executive Committee and Department Officers. Committee on Finance............ R. A. Tusting The limited capacity of this house and the favorable Committee on Railroads ...... Dr. Bruce S. Keator location of the other hotels lead the Executive Com- Committee on the Press . Morton Pennypacker mittee to recommend state directors and managers Committee on Hotels and Boarding Houses ... to seek to distribute the state headquarters among ... Harry J. Rockafeller the hotels named ; following the policy that proved Committee on Places of Meeting . so satisfactory at the Boston convention. .Dr. James F. Ackerman The hotels of the following list have agreed to Committee on Reception ...... provide parlors for state headquarters either at a Superintendent Fred S. Shepherd small charge per day, or without charge in consider- Each sub-committee includes a number of promi- ation of a guarantee of a reasonable number of nent citizens of Asbury Park and Ocean Grove. guests from each state. Railroad Rates. LIST OF HOTELS . The railroads of the Passenger Department of the Trunk Line Association have granted a round (Available for state headquarters.) Asbury Park trip rate to Asbury Park and Ocean Grove amount- ing to one fare to New York City plus three dollars No. of Rate Rate Rate Name N. E. A. two in one in and thirty-five cents-$2.00 membership fee, $1.35 per covering round trip rate from New York to place of Hotel. guests . a room. a room . week. of meeting, and the validation of ticket by joint Coleman (h'dq'rt'rs) 200 $4.00 $4.00 ..... agent, with provisions for extension of tickets, on Ocean 2.50 the deposit plan, to September 1 , 1905. Brunswick 250 100 {3.50 {3.00 $15.00 Arrangements will also be made at New York ........ 3.00 3.00 ..... City for deposit, and extension to the same date, of Sunset Hall ....... 150 2.50 3.00 15.00 tickets that have been previously validated at As- Fenimore .... 100 2.00 2.50 12.50 bury Park for the return trip. Lafayette ..... 100 2.50 3.00 17.50 This rate has been tendered to connecting lines Minot ........ 50 2.50 3.00 15.00 2.00 as a basing rate, and will doubtless be concurred in Bristol and adopted by the several passenger associations, ..... 150 { 2.50 3.00 4.00 12.50 and proportionate rates granted from all points in 16.50 their respective territories. Marlborough .. 50 2.50 3.00 21:00 2.00 Already the New England Passenger Association 2.50 12.50 Wellington ... 75 2.50 3.0014.00 has granted the same rate. Action by other asso- 10.00 ciations is expected at an early date. Full announcement of railroad rates from all Yorkshire ........ 50 2.00 2.50 12.00 states, ticket conditions, and excursions to follow The Plaza ......... 200 2.50 3.00 15.00 the convention, will be made in the Program-Bulle- Columbia 50 3.00 3.50 16.50 tin to be issued about April 1, 1905. Grand Avenue .... 75 2.00 2.50 12.00 1 Hotels and Accommodations . Metropolitan ....... 75 2.50 3.00 15.00 It is impossible to publish in this brief announce- 3.00 ment the entire list of hotels that will be open for St. James .... 75 2.50 13.50 16.50 the entertainment of members ; only the leading ho- The New York .... 50 2.00 2.50 10.00 tels which are centrally located and are available for (Continued on page 5.) 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION To-day, and in Chicago, thousands of men and women can see it every time they look behind them. BULLETIN It is seldom, perhaps, that hunger kills, as he for- Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, merly did ; but he has still his power to alarm us . Batered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, The man who has nothing but his daily wages-- December 23, 1901. who has no home, no money in any bank, no prop- THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the erty, no pension and no salary is walking lock- year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week ol step with hunger. AprilandDecember, by the Chicago Teachers' Federation. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single Hunger is so close behind him that he moves his copies, Five Cents. ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received heels with the nervous jerk of the convict. If he byTuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to loses his job he feels the clutch of the bony hand. theorder of the Federation Bulletin. This is not fancy. It is the daily life of thou- THE EDITOR , sands. In the richest city of the world they are 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO. living from hand to mouth-they are living as Business office hours, 9 a. m . to 5 p. m. Phone Central 8904. though there were no city-as though they were the Indians who lived on Manhattan Island before the voyage of Columbus. Elsewhere in the Bulletin we print the Bill for an Elective Board of Education introduced in the legis- How shail we get rid of this ghost of hunger ? lature by the Referendum League, also a Pension This is the greatest of all questions until it is set- Bill sent to the legislature this week. tled. Everything else is out of order until we have accomplished this. It is all well enough to build libraries; it is all DID YOU EVER WALK LOCKSTEP WITH well enough to plant parks ; it is all well enough HUNGER? to endow universities. But the great problem of the United States and of every other country is By Herbert N. Casson . this : How shall all our people be delivered from the fear of this ghost hunger?-Chicago American . Did you ever walk lockstep with hunger ? I know that this is an inexcusably serious ques- tion to put to people who are never serious except ANNUAL MEETING . when they are in trouble, but I will not keep you away from the comic pictures for more than a couple of minutes. Chicago Teachers' Federation , Saturday March 11, 1905 It is not often that we talk about hunger. Hun- The regular meeting of the Chicago Teachers' ger is one of those great facts of life which it is Federation was held Saturday, March 11th, at polite to ignore in good society. Room 412, Masonic Temple. The special business Hunger is the ghost that haunts every living of the day was the election of officers for the en- thing. suing year. The balloting resulted as follows : Hunger chases the lion in the forest, chases the President-Harriette Taylor Treadwell of the savage in the heart of Africa, chases the farmer at Forrestville School . the plow, chases the workman into the factory, Recording Secretary-Mary O'Reilly, Darwin chases the capitalist into his office. School . Why do we spend these beautiful August days Corresponding Secretary-Florence E. Tennerry, plodding along in the dust and noise of a great city ? Raymond School. Why do we turn our backs on the green fields and Treasurer- Sarah A. McDonald, Stanley School. shut out the blue sky with walls and roofs, as Financial Secretary-Catharine Goggin. though we were bewitched by the magic spell of Business Representative-Margaret A. Haley. some merciless Goddess of Labor ?. The District Officials. We do it to get money, and why do we want money ? Because money is the talisman that pro- Result of the election of district vice-presidents tects us from hunger. was as follows : However we may conceal the fact, however we District 1-Maude M. Kolloch, Schneider School. may masquerade in starched shirts and silk hats District 2-Emma Stevens, Newberry School . and kid gloves, it is hunger that makes the wheels District 3-Frances Northcott, Washington go round. School. A few days ago a millionaire, a man who has District 4-Kate C. Curtis, Logan School. nickels enough to buy twenty million loaves of District 5-Margaret L. Finnegan, Jefferson Park bread, said that he never could escape from the School . : horror of dying poor. So, not even money in District 6-Mary C. Hyland, Beidler School. golden heaps could prevent this man from being District 7-Anna G. Baer, Crerar School. haunted. District 8-Serena H. Hayes, Clarke School. However much we may talk of the "noble im- District 9-Rose A. Murphy, Washburne School. pulses of the human soul" and the "creative genius District 10-Mary V. Synon, Webster School. of our race," it was the search for food that built District 11-Mary E. Murray, Seward School. tup civilization. District 12 -Kate Tehan, Oglesby School. The tragedy of human history is that even in District 13-Louise Zweifel, Revere School. the midst of a marvelous civilization the ghost of District 14-Isabel Richman, Oakland School. hunger flits along almost every street. The electric The newly elected officers will be inducted into lights have not frightened it away. The noise of office at an adjourned meeting to be held on March the machinery has not driven it into the forests. 25th . CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 5 (Continued from page 3.) ers of the City of New York will be given to their Ravenwood Inn .... 50 2.00 2.50 10.00 N. E. A. visitors in New York on the evening of Berwin 75 2.00 2.50 12.50 Saturday, July 8. Abundant opportunities will be Asbury Inn ..... 40 2.00 2.50 12.00 afforded for visiting with guides typical elementary Ocean Grove. high and technical school buildings and the inspec- tion of their appliances . 2.00 Seaside 3.00 ..... Other plans for entertainment are under consid- Majestic ... 200 100 { 2.50 eration by the New York teachers who will extend 1.50 3.00 ..... a cordial hospitality before, during, and after the Alaska 125 2.00 2.50 9.00 convention to visiting teachers from all parts of the Sheldon ..... 150 2.00 2.50 ..... United States. These plans will be announced in $ 2.00 2.50 ..... the Program-Bulletin to be issued about April 'rst. Arlington 100 United States {2.50 13.00 { 2.00 The officers of Columbia University, co-operating ...... 175 2.50 ..... with the teachers of the City of New York, author- The Local Committees . ize the announcement of arrangements for visits to that institution and to the City of New York dur- The organization of local committees has been ing the four days following the convention under completed, as shown on another page, and prepara- exceptionally favorable conditions, with special re- tions are well advanced for the entertainment of the duced rates by local transportation companies and members and for the sessions of the convention. hotels, as follows : Correspondence may be addressed to the secretary Saturday, July 8-Inspection of buildings and of the Local Executive Committee at Asbury Park grounds of Columbia University and associated in- or to the chairmen of the respective sub-committees . stitutions ; visits, to Grant's Tomb, St. Luke's Hos- Inquiries as to hotel accommodations should be ad- pital, the unfinished Cathedral of St. John the Di- dressed to Mr. Harry Duffield, secretary of the Sub- vine, and other institutions on Morning. Side Committee on Hotels, Asbury Park, N. J. Heights. The Meetings . Sunday, July 9-A special service for N. Ε. Α. members in the great Gymnasium of Columbia Uni- All of the five general sessions of the convention versity at which Rev. Lyman Abbott will be the will be held in the great Ocean Grove Tabernacle. University preacher. The afternoon may be spent The first session will occur Monday evening, July in the parks and the Botanical and Zoological Gar- 3d. At the session on the afternoon of July 4th, dens . addresses appropriate to the day will be made by Monday, July 10-Visits to the Metropolitan Mu- speakers of national reputation. President Roose- velt will deliver the closing address of the conven- seum, American Museum of Natural History and tion on the afternoon of July 7th. the " Times" building ; trips by automobile or steam- Following and extending the policy of emphasiz- er through or about the city and its surroundings . ing the importance of department meetings six half Tuesday, July 11-A trip up the Hudson by boat days will be given to these meetings under an ar- to West Point and the U. S. Military Academy, re- rangement by which not more than six department turning after Dress Parade in the late afternoon. sessions will occur at the same time. The meeting The Secretary of Columbia University will send places will be divided between Asbury Park and to applicants a special circular giving full details of Ocean Grove. visit, including estimates of cost for the four days. A conference of the Department Presidents with The American Institute of Instruction . the President of the Association was held in Chi- cago, December 30 and 31, to arrange the most The American Institute of Instruction will hold profitable programs for the department meetings ; its annual convention at Portland, Me. , July II to these are now well advanced. 14, 1905 . After the Convention . All officers and members of the N. E. A. will re- member the generous and delightful courtesies of Plans are under way for providing facilities for the officers and members of the A. I. I. at the Bos- visiting points of historical and scenic interest in ton convention in 1903. They not only waived their and about New York City, and along the Hudson, own meeting but kept "open house" for our mem- similar tothose that proved so helpful at the Boston bers during the convention ; they collected no dues convention, in 1903. Excursions are also contem- from their own members that year, but advised all plated to various points in New Jersey and Penn- to join the N. E. A. instead; and the officers of that sylvania and as far south as Washington, D. C.; body secured for us 6,883 advance members for the also to Richmond and Jamestown in Virginia. Boston meeting, paying over to our Treasurer in The City of New York. one check $ 13,766.00 as membership fees. The officers and members of that body now invite The teachers of the city of New York will open the members of the N. E. A. to attend their Port- and maintain headquarters in both New York and land meeting. It is expected that the New England Asbury Park for the purpose of giving informa- Passenger Association will grant a special round tion and securing economical and desirable enter- trip rate from New York to Portland with the privi- tainment in New York City for visiting N. E. A. lege of stopping at Boston on the return trip. It is members. A series of excursions under competent hoped that a large number of our members will join guides to places of interest in and about New York in returning the courtesties of the American Insti- will be arranged. It is anticipated that, if proper ar- tute of Instruction in 1903, by attending the Port- rangements can be made, a reception by the teach- land convention in 1905. 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. The Outlook. Haven School ; name before marriage, Kathryn The general satisfaction expressed by officers and McDermott ; name after marriage, Kathryn M. members in the selection of Asbury Park and Ocean Lynn. Grove as the place of meeting; the courtesies and Komensky School; name before marriage, Lizzie the opportunities that will be extended to members E. Young; name after marriage, Lizzie E. Gowell. by the local committees and the teachers of New Monroe School; name before marriage, Lena A. Jersey, as well as by the teachers and educational institutions of the City of New York ; the plans for Thompson ; name after marriage, Lena A. T. Kas- sell. excursions at low rates to the great number of points along the coast; the favorable opportunities Otis School ; name before marriage, Elizabeth for residence on the seashore at Asbury Park, Ocean K. Cunningham; name after marriage, Elizabeth K. Grove and elsewhere; the opportunities for revisit- Wilson. ing New England points; the exceptionally strong convention programs that are under preparation ; Mark Sheridan School ; name before marriage, and the usual favorable railway rates and ticket con- Maud E. Reiter ; name after marriage, Maud R. ditions from all points to the place of meeting, com- Reed . bine to insure a very large and successful conven- tion. The Program-Bulletin. CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION. The Program-Bulletin which will contain com- The adjourned session of the annual meeting of plete programs and detailed announcements of the the Chicago Teachers' Federation will be held at various arrangements referred to in this advance cir- cular, together with other information of interest, 412 Masonic Temple, March 25, 1905. Special order will be issued about April Ist and may be obtained or business, installation of newly elected officers . on application to the Secretary of the Local Execu- tive Committee at Asbury Park or to the under- The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teachers' signed General Secretary of the Association. Federation will meet Monday, March 27th, 1905, WILLIAM H. MAXWELL, at 4 p. m. , in Room 437, Unity Bldg. President N. E. A., 500 Park Ave., New York City. FLORENCE E. TENNERRY, IRWIN SHEPARD, Cor. Secretary. Secretary N. E. A., Winona, Minn . WISDOM FOR TRADESMEN. COMPOSITIONS Oh, tradesman, in thine hour of e e e, If on this paper you should ccc, Boy and Girl , Aged 10 Years . Take our advice and now be yyy MAN. Go straight ahead and advert i i i. Man is an animal but of the higher grade. Some You'll find the project of some u u u ; animals have more brains than some men . They Neglect can offer no ex q q q, do not run about the streets and chew and spit and Be wise at once, prolong your da a a, A silent business soon dekkk. always have their mouth full of tobacco. The cow goes around chewing its cud but man ought to think himself above the cow and other cud-chewing animals. TO TEACHERS Some of the drunkards are the ruins of the world. LOANS BY A TEACHER At Live and Let Live Low Rates. It seems that men are made out of everything you could think of. They are all kinds of colors inside. "First aid to the injured in pocket promptly rendered." The intestines are the homeliest of all. L. A., Care of Federation Bulletin, 437 Unity Building. Report on, Marriages of Teachers. Wendell Phillips School ; name before marriage, Only the deaf and dumb Mary Weber ; name after marriage, Mary W. Ma- fail to appreciate the lone. Cornell School ; name before marriage, Kathryn TELEPHONE Howison ; name after marriage, Kathryn H. Kol- mos . now-a-days . Doolittle School ; name before marriage, Marie F. Bonfield; name after marriage, Marie F. B. Stuart. Business Residence per day & 5 Cents and up. Forestville School; name before marriage, Car- CHICAGO TELEPHONE CO . lotta Scobey ; name after marriage, Carlotta S. Sig- 203 Washington Street. nor. CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 7 PIANO BUYERS Find Strong Temptation -IN- March Sale -OF- The Manufacturers Annual Clearing at the Kimball Warerooms Means Much for Enrichment of the Home Life. Extraordinary piano buying continues at the Manufacturers' Warerooms 243 Wabash Ave. , S. W. Cor. Jackson Blvd. Besides being a powerful appeal to the money-saving motive, this sale includes many instruments of the highest type of the piano maker's art. Kimball pianos are the product of a home factory. For years their praises have been sung by the world's masters in music. They are within reach of the purchaser of limited means, for they go directly from the great Kimball factories to the home. Unlimited resources of the producers enable them to give the purchaser possession of the instrument while making payment; hence the wisdom of many purchasers anticipating their wants by several months, for rarely do conditions bring such mighty inducements. MARCH ONLY New Eastern Piano and Kimball Piano Player, regular price .......... .. $445 20 Rolls of Music, for operating the player ... ... ... 20 Total ........ ... ... $465 Special Offer, complete... ..... $275 Easy Payments if Desired W. W. KIMBALL CO . (ESTABLISHED 1857) Southwest Corner of Wabash Ave. and Jackson Blvd. 1 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . CARSON PIRIE SCOTT & CO. STATE AND MADISON STREETS—Building formerly occupied by H. G. Selfridge & Co. , andby Schlesinger & Mayer. Telephone, Private Exchange, 2. " We Find Everything Here Far Beyond Expectation" That was the unvarying comment of visitors during our Autumn Opening. Such emphatic approval of what we have accomplished, after only two weeks in the new location, is our war- rant for repeating: We have the Facilities, the Merchandise and the Prices to make this the most satisfactory shopping place in Chicago. Every day, as the house organization settles into the new surroundings, brings improvement. THE BASEMENT STORE offers remarkable values every day. New goods at very low prices. Broken lines from the old store at sharp reductions from closing out sale price there. Interesting New Silks and Velvets. THE Burlinghamsand Burlingham sacking rough silk suitings, the daintyWarpPrint pompadour effects and the broad tail velours, the warm rich colored mousseline and chiffon dress velvets, with the hundred or more other weaves, make an attractive collection that will repay a visit. Second Floor Imported SatinMessaline-sheer beautiful quality-ahappy purchase of an importer's delayed shipment, enables us to offer 50 piece in a splendid assortment of colors, including white and ivory, at a sale price; a yard ........ $1.00 Shirt Waist Sulting Silks -Special new designs Mousseline Bengalines-An imported silk and | Plaid Taffetas-Clan colorings as well as the in the small faconne on checks; wool dress fabric and a fashion- modest French tones; leading val- we offer unusual values at $1 and.. 75c able one; desirable; all colors, yard 185c ues-yard, 81.25, $1.00 and........ 85c Plain Louisines, Peau de Cygnes, Crepe de Chines, Taffetas-unequaled at 85c, 75c and 58c. BLACK SILKS VELVETS We are generously proud of our new possession, the celebrated Moleskin, velour and broad tail velvets for cloaks at lowest "Moneybak." long wearing black dress silks. With the pur- prices. Mousseline chiffon silk velvets, new browns, chase ofeach dress you carry genuine silk insurance. $1.25 terra cotta, leather, $2.50, $2.00 and ........ $1.50 Ayard, $2.00, $1.50 and... Black paon and chiffon velvets from$1.00 85c black silk crepe de chines and taffetas, genuine bar- gains 68c $5.00 Odd lot of all silk Lyons velvets, 85.00 quality, good color assort 75c imported black taffetas-special ment, many of the season's new shades, reduced ...58c to ....... $2.50 Box Hosiery Sale: Prices Lower Than Ever. Importations for H. G. Selfridge & Co. to Be Disposed Of. THAT tells the reasonwhywe are ina position to make this a record-breaking boxhosierysale. Thousands of dozens of pairs ordered abroad for, and stamped with name of H. G. Selfridge & Co. came to us when we parchased this business. It is all new, desirable merchandise. But we desire to have on our shelves only the Eiffel brand hosiery. Hence these prices. First floor. WOMEN'S HOSE . MEN'S HOSE. Reg.price, Perbox, Reg. price, Perbox, Reg.price, Per box, perpair. Sixpairs. perpair. Six pairs. perpair. Sixpairs. 25c Black cotton double sole or 250 Black cotton, double sole, heel and toes .... $1.00 50c Black cotton, with linen spliced double sole, heels and split sole ...... $ 1.00 toes $2.15 35c Black cotton double or split $ 1.25 sole or white foot ......... 350 Black lisle, fine gauge; black cotton, split sole or white foot... $1.35 75c Black cotton, brilliant mer- cerized black gauze lisle or $ 1.50 400 Black cotton fine gauze ....... 40c Black lisle or cotton, split sole $2.50 black cotton, extra heavy ...... 50c Black cotton, double sole, and ribbed top........ $1.65 $1.00 Black brilliant lisle or $4.00 hand seamed. $ 1.75 black cotton... 60c Fine Egyptian, black cotton, 50cBlack lisle thread; very fine or split sole or white feet ......... $2.00 splitsole, black cotton,very fine, $1.85 $1.25 Black ingrain lisle; four 75e plain black fine cotton or outsize or ribbed tops... thread or split sole... $5.00 mercerized.. $2.50 Children's 35c linen knee hose, outwear all other kinds, 3 pairs for 75c. In the Basement Store: Women's plain black cotton, box of six pairs, 65c, 75c, $1, $1.15. Men's, 45c, 60с, 75c. Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin 100 Vol. IV. CHICAGO , MARCH 24, 1905. No. 17. EDITORIAL NOTES . by those who have had the least intimacy with the children, and she has been definitely told how to (Reprinted from the "Elementary School Teacher," Vol. apply, it in her schoolroom, page by page. Every V., No. 7, March, 1905.) move of the ordinary teacher in the past has been Teachers' Federation and Labor Unionism . timed and chalkmarked. Salaries have been fixed, The present controversy in Chicago between the raised or lowered, and teachers have been appointed, Board of Education and a portion of the teaching transferred, or dropped, with precious little regard for the individual. And when there has not been force, represented largely by the Teachers ' Feder- actual injustice, the knowledge that it could be, ation, marks an interesting epoch in the evolution and the fear that it might be done have combined to of the common- school system. While the discus- sion just now is confined to this city, the questions paralyze initiative and to destroy effort. This all involved are of more than local interest. There are rested upon the eternally old theory that there is one part of the race that has a monopoly of all the certain definite principles at stake which must be sense and all the conscience, to which the officials clearly defined everywhere before the schools can of administration belong, and another portion of be safely considered the cradle of a true de- the race that has neither sense nor conscience, to mocracy . Points at Issue . which the teachers belong. And so one class, as though by divine right, assumed to dominate the The immediate cause of the irritation at this time other. is the attempt being made by the board to secure Teachers Should Have a Voice . some charter provisions and certain legislation bear- ing upon finance, the position of the superintend- To be sure, matters have been slowly improving. ent, the election or appointment of members of the Courses of study are changing for the better, it is board, the promotion of teachers, and perhaps other true, but, generally, only so far as the teachers matters of less importance. thmeselves have been permitted to participate in making them. The best things in the schools to-day An Innovation in Education . are those that have come from earnest, thoughtful, Aside from the right or wrong of the proposi- and trained teachers in actual daily contact with the tions themselves , the most interesting aspect of the children. It is unfortunate that so many of the situation is in the singular fact that a large body teachers have been and still are so poorly educated of teachers dares to take a decided stand against and so badly trained: that is why progress is so such legislation proposed by the board as they, the slow. teachers , consider inimical to their best interests. The history of the past decade is interesting. Not The spectacle is unique in our educational history. long ago the rank and file of the profession were The Board of Education, superintendents, princi- utterly unorganized. Not only were their positions pals, and all others clothed with authority have had insecure, their salaries were constantly subjected things their own way so long that it is not sur- to such influences of a political character that it prising that they should be amazed, and at last en- made life a much heavier burden than the Lord raged, at the cool presumption of the teachers. On originally intended it should be. the other hand, the teachers have been for so long Effect of No Organization . a time non-resistant, and inert as a public influ- ence, it is but little wonder that they show some There seemed to be a great shortage of funds in signs of recklessness with their new-found strength. a city that has always been bombastic on the subject 'The fact is being developed with great clearness of prosperity and wealth. The men at the helm- that the much-boasted freedom of the teacher has superintendents and Board of Education con- been but little more than an empty phrase. fessed themselves powerless to find a remedy, and Freedom of the Teacher . the integrity of the school system was endangered in this city as never before. The more one reflects upon it, the less well can The Tide Turns . he understand why it ever should have been ap- plied to a teacher at all, so completely has the whole Then there arose from the ranks an individual educational situation been dominated by officials who, at first almost lone-handed, sought to stem whose real and natural functions are administrative the tide a woman who, in the face of ridicule, only. It is but very recently that the teacher's scorn, and denunciation, set for herself and the tether has reached beyond the space around her common teachers no less a task than that of forc- desk. The course of study has been manufactured ing those "respectable" thieves, the tax-dodgers, to 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . turn into the public treasury the money that was that in the best sense the labor unions themselves justly due. This movement has no precedent and represent the true interests of the whole people. no parallel in our educational history. Attacking The same may be said also of capital, so far as it the skulking tax-dodger along the entire line of his honestly stands for an equitable adjustment be- defense, from the curb-stone to the Supreme Court, tween these two great functions of society. The a decisive victory was won which brought many public at large will finally adopt those measures thousands of dollars into the school fund which which seem to embody the greatest wisdom without the Board of Education otherwise could never have special regard to their origin . secured . The Real Cause of Oppression . Effects of the Victory. It is to be suspected, however, that the trustees The triumph of the common school-teacher on are not less aggravated by the violation of a sup- behalf of himself and the schools possessed for him posed principle than by the fact that the teachers tremendous import. It marked the opening of an have presumed to oppose the board's ideas as to absolutely new era. It was the first time in their what is best for the schools. This is the real inno- history when the teachers had appeared as a posi- vation, and it will take everybody some time to get tive civic force. For the first time they had left the accustomed to such unusual interference. The academic shades and won a combat in the open teachers have been adjured to keep their profession arena of practical life. pure by forswearing politics, and they observed the Moral Effect . injunction until the politicians brought the schools The moral result of this victory was much far- to the verge of financial ruin. Then the teachers ther- reaching than the financial. It did that thing rebelled and gave the evil-doers and the weaklings which is most dangerous to those who try to hold an object-lesson in accordance with correct peda- in leash or who seek to dominate a human being- gogical principles, and there is not an atom of rea- it made the teachers think. Having once thought, son why this lesson should not be followed by oth- and acted too, with so much effectiveness on the ers of like kind. question of tax-dodging, it must not be supposed Scope of the Teacher's Influence. for an instant that they will ever again regard mat- There is no reason why the common teachers ters pertaining to the welfare of the schools with should not be an influential factor in settling all the same indifference that prevailed before the pres- questions that pertain to the schools. The schools ent steps toward organization were taken. A broader intelligence will gradually supplant the old are made for the children, and the thoughtful teach- er in daily touch with their lives ought to be a valu- proverbial narrowness, and courage will take the able witness in their behalf. The course of study, place of cowardice. The Present Discussion . and all that pertains to instruction, should be de- veloped among all of the teachers ; these are not The move which is now the cause of a violent matters for either the superintendents or boards of discussion is the alliance of the Teachers' Federa- education alone. It is also true, therefore, that tion with labor organizations, with a view to affect- their interests are involved in methods of adminis- ing legislation. This step is so new, so startling, so tration. They are entirely within their rights when unprofessional in the light of anything ever done they, as a part of the public, consider questions re- before, so generally unteacher-like in its boldness . lating to the appointment or election of the super- that many people at once conclude it must be intendent and board of education ; when they lay wrong, and the great majority, perhaps, have gen- out plans for self-improvement ; when they seek to uine doubts as to its final wisdom . establish methods by which merit may be recog- Teachers and Labor Unions . nized and rewarded by either financial or profession- Objection to the union of the two organizations is al advancement, or both. It is inevitable, too, that these interests should run over into civic affairs re- made on the ground that the labor unions represent lating to the levying and collection of taxes, the but one part of the people, while the teachers rep- establishment of salaries, tenure of office, and the resent all of them; that when the teachers join granting of pensions. All right-minded people may forces with labor, they break faith with those par- be convinced easily of the fairness, the wisdom, ents who represent capital, and thus the tendency is and even the necessity of the teachers taking an in- to widen the breach which they should try to heal. fluential stand on these questions . There is some truth, as to fact, in these state- ments, but they do not correctly represent the prin- Teachers Under Suspicion . ciple involved. The teachers believe that certain The opposition to the teachers' movement, includ- measures proposed by the Board of Education and ing their alliance with the labor organization , is not the superintendents are out of harmony with the based so much upon the principles involved as it is spirit of democracy in education ; that they repre- upon the fact that they either have misused or sent a tendency toward bureaucracy which is not threaten to misuse their power. The real source the best for a system of schools that includes all of danger to their cause is not in the opposition of the people who stand for democracy. It places the the board or superintendents, but it is within their teachers in a false light, therefore, to say they no own ranks. They enrol among their own number longer represent the whole people; for, by this alli- the ignorant, the self-seeking, and the unscrupulous. ance they merely adopt what seems to them to be the Hitherto these have been held in check by arbitrary most effective method of conserving the interests of rules of the board and by the personal authority of the whole. Even labor-unionism does not ultimately the superintendent. It is inevitable that this class stand as one part of the people against another, but will now seek to gain their personal ends and, shel- for the highest form of adjustment between the two tered within the teachers' organization, bring dis- parts-labor and capital. It can be said, therefore, credit upon the entire cause. Whether the alliance CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 3 with labor unions shall work good or ill depends are those which relate to the better training, the app- upon the methods they both employ to carry their pointment, the promotion, and the tenure of office points. If this step means that it merely gives to the of the teachers themselves. lower elements of both organizations a wished- for Teachers Not to Be Self- Deceived. opportunity to combine in controlling the machinery of the schools in the interests of their own selfish- The teachers, however, must not befool them ness, then the result will be evil. selves into thinking that all of their own number Danger of Cliques. are striving for regulations with an eye single to the good of the schools. They will be wise and more But it is not a foregone conclusion that such will than fortunate if they are able to protect themselves be the case. While the teachers do not possess all against those who are self-seeking ; who would the conscience and all the sense in the community, lower standards of professional training ; who they do have their share of both, and it is not too would make appointments subject to political pull ; optimistic to believe that the wisdom of the better who would promote on age alone, or who would element will prevail. As they emerge gradually allow the incompetent to sleep and rot in places from under the direct domination of the board and made secure by personal favor, without calling for superintendent, they become more and more direct- an effort toward self-improvement. That the su- ly responsible to the people as a whole. To ally perintendent is most earnestly striving to strengthen themselves with any particular clique or faction, the profession at all of these points no one can either civil or religious,** would be an extremely doubt. That the best means have yet been devised shortsighted policy, and one which the people at not even he himself believes . But he has done work large will not tolerate. They do not need to resort of lasting value in taking the initiative and in forc- to the tricks of the low politician to gain their ing- the issues upon the teachers. He proposes to ends. They have the ear of the public, and they base promotion upon examinations in subjects not can get by direct methods whatever they can actu- always closely related to the work of the teacher ally show to be wise. After winning their fight in the schoolroom ! the test proposed by the teach- with the tax-dodgers by a struggle in the open field, ers is infinitely more difficult that it should rest it would immensely prejudice their cause if they upon the character of his professional work. This were at this time to adopt the tactics of the in time will come, and it will bring culture, too. pothouse statesman. Yet it seems to be the im- Nobody can work at one thing and get his culture mediate inference of many people that they have from another, for culture is always an integral part associated themselves with the labor unions that of real life. In devising the best means for pro- they may the more effectively do that most unwise moting every aspect of their profession, the teach- thing. ers now have ways open that were never offered Character the Anchorage . before. It is for them to show that they know how to make the wisest use of these opportunities. The teachers have always been supposed to stand Define the Functions . for character : never before in history have they had so fine an opportunity to prove it. While the The teachers as well as the superintendents and people dearly love to phrase themselves in eulogies Board of Education have a right to propose meas- on the teacher as the censor and guardian of public ures relating to the welfare of the schools ; but it morals, the utter hypocrisy of it all the absolute is the final wisdom of all these that must be crystal- distrust with which they are regarded-is clearly lized by legislation. The professional, the admin- shown by the fact that almost everybody seems to istrative, and the legislative functions must be clear- expect them to become at once the easy prey and ly recognized and defined in the school system . pliant tool of the worst elements of labor-unionism. The professional interests devolve upon the teach- If the public had been really sincere in its eulogies, ers, the principals, and the superintendents ; admin- at this time, it would have some faith, at least, istration rests largely with the Board of Education, in the power of the teachers to work reform in the and the machinery necessary to insure the smooth methods of labor organizations . working of the system, without personal, religious , Teachers as Weaklings... or political bias, should be framed by the legislature of the state. These conditions alone will guarantee The fact is, generally speaking, the teachers have the harmony necessary to the highest efficiency of the schools . W. S. J. not hitherto counted as a vitalizing, formative in- fluence in community life at all. They have been caricatured in every comic print on the same page with the farmer, the ninny, and all the malaprops of CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION. society. No weakling can use suddenly acquired strength without making some false strokes. The The adjourned session of the annual meeting of teachers have made some blunders, doubtless, and they will likely make still others. But the move that the Chicago Teachers' Federation will be held at has been made in the direction of securing political 412 Masonic Temple, March 25, 1905. Special order power is the first step toward a possible dignity or business, installation of newly elected officers . 1 which has heretofore only existed in name. Wheth- er the profession will be really dignified or degraded The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teachers ' will depend upon the character that stamps the Federation will meet Monday, March 27th, 1905, teachers . There are certain propositions under con- at 4 p. m., in Room 437, Unity Bldg. sideration which must always have their disinter- FLORENCE E. TENNERRY, Cor. Secretary. ested and unqualified support. The most important 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETΙΝ. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION munity, we demand that the community as a whole should receive the benefit of such value. And we BULLETIN believe that only through the taking over of our Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, streets can justice be done. With the money now Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, going wrongfully into private pockets, not only December 23, 1901. could we have better street car service, but better THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the and cleaner streets, well lighted highways, where year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of crime could not breed, and all that makes for the April andDecember, by the Chicago Teachers' Federation. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single health and well-being and for the moral uplifting copies, Five Cents. ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must bereceived of the community. Twelve times over in the short byTuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. life of this great city have the people paid the ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to the order of the Federation Bulletin. holders of the street franchises for all the wealth THE EDITOR , invested in the business, which shows that the trans- 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO. portation function of our city is a good money- Business office hours, 9 a . m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904 . making undertaking. Third. The people through the referendum have WHERE REFORM BEGINS . repeatedly demanded the municipalization of our street car system. Calling ourselves a democracy, For he looked for a city which hath foundations, we have no right to fail in this first opportunity ever whose builder and maker is God.-Hebrews xi : 10. given to us in this city to carry into effect this fundamental democratic principal-the privilege of the referendum. Extract from a sermon by Halsey Werlein, Jr. , preached on February 26, 1905, in St. James Epis- Fourth. Let us press this truth upon all who copal Church, Greenville, Mass . have consciousness of citizenship-that the time is ripe for municipal ownership, the hour has struck The true reformer does not look for instantane- when we can own our streets . ous change, nor does he base his message on utili- For these reasons, women of Chicago, we appeal tarian standards of right. The reform begins in the to you. Come out and help in this magnificent up- man's own spiritual consciousness which it com- rising for municipal ownership. That friend of pletely rules. Its foundation is in the moral all right and advanced movements, the venerable law. It dabbles not in expedients, or sub- and much-loved Judge Murray F. Tuley, has called terfuges, or political schemes. It makes its appeal upon all citizens to rise in this matter. We wish to to the heart of a people whom it seeks to awaken aid women to respond to his call. from the sleep of death. It meets reverses bravely, DR. JULIA HOLMES SMITH, President. defiantly, unflinchingly. It sets its trust in God ; it believes in the Divine Humanity of Man. Without A mass meeting under the auspices of the Wom- hate, without rest, it follows the guidance of its en's Municipal Ownership League will be held Sat- Star. Defeat has no power over it, and success urday, March 25, at 8 p. m., in Steinway Hall, 17 cannot lure it from the purity of its original motive. Van Buren street. All women interested in the Faith guards it from the attack, and from the welfare of the city are urged to be present. Speak- embrace of the world. Its sword is the power of ers : Joseph Medill Patterson, Louis F. Post, the spirit ; its shield is the omnipotence of love. George Warvelle, Western Starr, John Z. White. It can lose all, counting the loss gain. It can risk all, deeming the danger joy. It can suffer all, realiz- ing in pain its divine fulfillment. It can yield itself AN APPLICATION OF THE PRIMARY BALLOT. to final death, knowing that from the imprisoning tomb its spirit must burst forth to subdue mankind The Minnesota Educational Association at its in the might of eternal resurrection. The Public, last meeting adopted a reform in the method of March 18, 1905 . electing officers. In introducing the plan, which was unanimously adopted, Superintendent Mc- THE WOMEN'S MUNICIPAL OWNERSHIP Broom, of Excelsior, said in part : "At present the election of officers may be almost LEAGUE entirely in the hands of the retiring president. The world outgrew that sort of thing generations ago, To the Women of Chicago. except in Russia, Turkey, and a few educational as- sociations, including the National; but the National The Women's Municipal Ownership League has become almost disreputable in its management sends greetings. This organization stands for on that account, and there is going to be an ex- municipal ownership for the following reasons : plosion there one of these days, and ought to be." First. That municipal ownership of the street The plan adopted is as follows : A polling place car systems of Chicago is necessary to insure com- is established for nominations, to be open from 9 fortable and sanitary service. o'clock till noon, and an hour in the afternoon of the Second. That municipal ownership of public second day of the convention. Any candidate re- utilities is the only method by which we can ex- ceiving a majority of the votes cast is elected. For clude the evils of corruption that have for years offices not thus filled, 20 per cent of the vote nom- bound our city in their meshes, and which will con- inates. In case of a very scattering vote so that no tinue to do so just so long as these great money- one has 20 per cent, the nominating committee may making franchises are held by private interests . The make nominations . The election is held the next streets belong to the people, who give them their day in a similar manner and a plurality vote elects . value. Since this value is created by the com- ---The Western Teacher, March, 1905. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 5 BOARD OF EDUCATION . an average membership for each year of over 700 except the school year of 1901 and 1902 when the Saturday, March 18 , 1905, 2:15 p. m. average membership was 691.5. Inasmuch as the Longfellow School was in the first group for many The following recommendations were adopted : years preceding 1902 and has been in the first group Elect William C. Payne Principal of Harrison School . since that year, the Superintendent is of the opinion The Superintendent of Schools respectfully re- that such temporary decrease in membership during ports the death of John McCarthy, principal of the one year only should not be counted as placing Miss Carter H. Harrison School, and recommends that Adams in the second group of principals ; and the position made vacant by his death be filled by since she has been transferred to the Scammon the election of William C. Payne, a former district School, which is a first group school, the Superin- superintendent, to the principalship of the Carter H. tendent is of the opinion that she should be consid- Harrison School at the maximum salary of the first ered as being in the first group of principals. The group of principals of elementary schools, $2,500 Superintendent, therefore, recommends that Mar- per annum . garet C. Adams be placed in the first group of Elect Harriet J. Dynan Head Assistant of Morse principals. School. Teachers Placed on Unassigned List. That Harriet J. Dynan, formerly head assistant in Frances G. Alabaster, La Salle School ; Mary N. the Farragut School and transferred to the position Broadway, Corkery School ; Josephine H. Erzinger, of critic teacher i nthe Normal Practice School at Von Humboldt School ; Margaret L. Hogan, Car- the request of the principal of the Normal School, ter School ; Laura E. Hull, Douglas School ; Anna be elected to the position of head assistant in the M. Kelley, Curtis School ; Esther Kennicott, Bur- Morse School. roughs School ; Elizabeth R. Mabney, Chicago Elect Rose James Head Assistant of the Mulligan Lawn School ; Anna M. Murphy, Lawson School ; School. Elesha R. Murphy, Seward School ; Elizabeth V. That Rose James be elected head assistant of the Rafferty, Mitchell School ; Helen F. Roberts , on list Mulligan School, in place of Elizabeth A. Shelley, for appointment ; Abbie M. Robertson, Hancock transferred to the Normal School. School ; Tessie Schottenfels, Hamline School ; Nel- Assignment of Elementary Teachers . lie K. Tilton, Prescott School; Henry H. Wilson, Hedwig Alexander, to Spry School ; Kathryn on eligible list. Barry, to Talcott School ; Emma J. Bielenberg, to Resignations. Henry School ; Helen T. Borucki, to Bismarck Mabel E. Hughes, Thorp School ; Olga A. Jung , School ; Eilen F. Cleaves, to Field School ; Cecelia Mulligan School ; Della A. Liggett, Arnold School ; Clifford, to Arnold School ; Zana E. Crosby, to Evangeline G. McCoy, Talcott School ; Ella J. Libby School ; Emma Foerter, to Lincoln School ; Meissner, Shields School; Margaret Z. Moody, William F. Gingrich, to School for Apprentices ; Schiller School ; Margaret T. Phillips, Cameron Anna R. Jordan, to Shields School : Alice J. Mac- School ; Virginia L. A. Seyer, Monroe School ; Pherson, to Jackson School; Ethel L. McKay, to Jean W. Taylor, Morse School ; Hattie W. Whit- Smyth School ; Gladys E. Moore, to Chicago Lawn comb, Scanlan School ; Nora K. Yorker, Burns School; Mary L. Ryan, to Walsh School ; Olga M. School. Wadman, to Curtis School. Rule Governing Waiving of Assignment. Transfer of Elementary Teachers. That a teacher assigned by the Superintendent to Etta L. Brand, Stowe to Burr ; Nora A. Comerford, a position in the elementary schools shall be per- Beale to Dewey ; Mary M. Cook, Goodrich to Car- mitted to waive assignment when her name is ter ; Anna V. Cronin, Libby to Hancock ; Elizabeth reached, provided that no candidate shall be per- Deadman, Jackson to Corkery ; Alice Eklund, Burr mitted to waive an assignment more than three to Drake ; Margaret C. O'Shaughnessy, Raster to times ; and that after a candidate shall have waived Beale ; Ethel Richardson, Ericsson to Bryant ; Kath- assignment three times and when such candidate is erine B. Seaman, Dewey to Yale Practice ; Rose M. called for the fourth assignment and voluntarily Wanicek, Smyth to Lawson. waives, the Superintendent of Schools shall then Transfer Caroline W. Straughan to the Principalship place her name at the foot of the list of eligibles, of the Newberry School and Edward J. Tobin to unless for special reasons judged sufficient by the the Principalship of the Healy School. Superintendent. The Superintendent of Schools respectfully re- Notice of Disobediance to Rule on Corporal Punish- ment. ports the death of Corydon G. Stowell, principal of the Newberry School; and recommends the trans- That the Superintendent of Schools be instructed fer of Caroline W. Straughan of the Healy School to inform teachers and principals (including the to the principalship of the Newberry School to fill Worthy and Parental Schools) , that corporal pun- the vacancy caused by Mr. Stowell's death. ishment is prohibited under the rules of the Board of The Superintendent further recommends the Education, and that any teacher or principal, who, transfer of Edward J. Tobin from the principalship in future, shall be found guilty of this punishment of the Hayes School to the principalship of the to pupils, shall be dismissed from the service of the Healy School . public schools of Chicago. Place Margaret C. Adams in First Group of Principals. Transfers and Assignments of Engineer's Janitors , Etc. The Superintendent of Schools respectfully re- Joseph Rogers, fireman, from Normal to Pa- ports that Margaret C. Adams, now principal of the rental School . Scammon School, was for some years principal of Assignments. the Longfellow School ; that the Longfellow School Edmond Herzog, engineer, Farren School ; Har- was in the first group of elementary schools, having old Rund, assistant engineer, Normal School ; Wil 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. liam S. Eckdhal, engineer, Peabody School ; Katie J. Kane, janitress, Beale School Branch ; Sarah M. Brady, janitress, George W. Curtis School Branch. Temporary Assignments . Democracy Eliza Anceer, substitute janitress, Beale School Branch ; Charles N. Petesch, substitute assistant en- gineer, Parental School ; Thomas H. Murphy, sub- and Social Ethics stitute night engineer, Lake High School ; John Kenney, substitute day engineer, Lake High School ; Martin J. Maloney, substitute engineer, Brainard School. Separations. By JANE ADDAMS Thomas H. Murphy, substitute engineer, Farren School ; Charles Zimmer, substitute fireman, Pa- rental School ; Martin J. Maloney, substitute en- Head of " Hull House, " Chi- gineer, Peabody School ; Eliza Anceer, substitute cago; joint author of "Philan- janitress, Beale School ; Alex. Gustavson, fireman, thropy and Social Progress." Parental School; Polly Kelly, temporary stenog- rapher, Superintendent's Department . Leave of Absence . Renaldo E. Culbertson, assistant engineer, Nor- Miss Addams' Settlement Work is known to all mal School, for a period of thirty days from March who are interested in social amelioration and 6, 1905. municipal conditions. As the title of her book Suspension . - shows, it will be occupied with the reciprocal Joseph V. Porette, engineer, Brainard School, relations of ethical progress and the growth of pending trial. democratic thought, sentiment and institutions. Lay Off. Frank Lessman, watchman. $ 1.25 NET. SALARY SUIT . The decree in the suit for salary lost in year 1900 The Book You Have Been Looking For through cut in February and closing of schools during first week of September of that year was en- tered this week. The decree followed the lines of the decision rendered last fall, and in brief was as Entertaining Made Easy This new book is just off the press , and contains many suggestions and hints for the decorations ard games to be used follows : The cut of salary for six months, Janu- for afternoon or evening home gatherings. ary to June, 1900, was awarded claimants. The sal- Among the Subjects Treated in This Book are the Following : ary for first week of September, 1900, was not A Valentine Party-A Colonial Evening-St. Patrick's allowed. Day-An All Fools' Day Party-A Military Cinch Party- For the Fourth of July-For Hallowe'en - A Poverty The attorneys for the teachers succeeded in se- Social-A Floral Evening -A Juvenile Party-A Library Party-Suggestions for a Tin Wedding-For a Wooden Wedding-For a Golden Wedding . curing the retention of sufficient money to pay this claim, after a long discussion between the two op- posing sides. Should a higher court decide that the teachers Special Feature were entitled to receive salary for the week in 23 GUESSING GAMES 23 which they were not permitted to teach, each claim- Aspecial feature of this work is the guessing games which are so popular just now, and which have never before been published. These ant will share in the results of the suit. Pending the games are always the means of breaking up that " stiffness" which is the terror of the hostess. They are not especially difficult, just enough so decision of the higher court the injunction is contin- tobe exciting. We furnish ready printed slips of any of these games in lots of 25, for 15c. Among the following are games appropriate to ued for the sum of about $ 125,000, the balance being every occasion: released for use of the Board of Education . A Floral Love Story-A Floral Wedding-Floral Con- undrums- Hidden Flowers-Suburbs of Chicago-Flowers of all Nations-Generals of the Civil War- The Carpenters Tool Chest- Cats You Have Met-Cities-A Cake Walk- Expressed in concrete form, each experienced Scrambled Eggs-Birds- Magazines - Clothes - Wives -A Romance of the Bookshelves-Actors -Poets and Authors- teacher making claim whose salary was cut in 1900 A Letter from Shakespeare- The Wedding of the Operas- A Romance in Song . will receive $45.00 if the entire decision is sus- tained ; between $65.00 and $70.00 if the week in PRICE , POSTPAID , 25 CENTS . SEND FOR CIRCULAR. September is allowed. In the latter case, claimants Money Refunded if You are Not Satisfied. (not experienced) will receive salary for first week HOME ENTERTAINMENT BUREAU of September. Amount varying from $12.50 to 150 N. Trumbull Ave. , Chicago. $25.00. CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 7 PIANO BUYERS Find Strong Temptation -IN- March Sale : -OF- The Manufacturers Annual Clearing at the Kimball Warerooms Means Much for Enrichment of the Home Life. Extraordinary piano buying continues at the Manufacturers ' Warerooms 243 Wabash Ave., S. W. Cor. Jackson Blvd. Besides being a powerful appeal to the money-saving motive, this sale includes many instruments of the highest type of the piano maker's art. Kimball pianos are the product of a home factory. For years their praises have been sung by the world's masters in music. They are within reach of the purchaser of limited means, for they go directly from the great Kimball factories to the home. Unlimited resources of the producers enable them to give the purchaser possession of the instrument while making payment; hence the wisdom of many purchasers anticipating their wants by several months, for rarely do conditions bring such mighty inducements. MARCH ONLY : New Eastern Piano and Kimball Piano Player, regular price ...... ....... $445 20 Rolls of Music, for operating the player . ...... ... 20 Total ....... $465 Special Offer, complete………………………………………………………… $275 Easy Payments if Desired W. W. KIMBALL CO . ( ESTABLISHED 1857) Southwest Corner of Wabash Ave. and Jackson Blvd. 1 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. Everybody's Magazine Out for April MR. LAWSON WRITES : " I start this month on the actual Crimes of Amalgamated. I give names, times, places in detail. "No Wall Street man or investor can afford to miss the UTAH COPPER BUNCO GAME. How Samuel Untermeyer, Esq . , Clark, Ward & Co. and ENGLISH INVESTORS WERE SWINDLED . "The Munroe & Munroe City Bank Flimflamming of two profes- sional gamblers. How one of the Big Three Insurance Companies sold their stocks for $5,839,000.87 and made sworn statements to the Insurance Departments that the same was $3,075,392 . "I describe the Insurance trick of 'New business. ' " I make my first apology to those I have flayed, to ROGER FOS- TER, ESQ. I answer critics from Georgia, New York, Kansas, Tacoma, Boston and Philadelphia straight from the shoulder, calling spades black spades. "If there is any liquid blood left in the nation, it should boil. RECORD me it will. "Garfield reports to ROOSEVELT : 'BEEF TRUST ALL RIGHT . ' " If the AMERICAN people, with this latest insult to their intelli- gence and with RUSSELL'S facts in their hands, don't put another nail in the ' System's' coffin, I miss my guess. " IN MR. RUSSELL'S ARTICLE : In the April number a picture is given of sixteen great railroad pres- idents, terrorized by the Beef Trust, sneaking into a NEW YORK CLUB to rebel in concert against the TRUST'S gorging methods. " THE EXPERIENCES OF A NURSERY GOVERNESS," the many stories and other striking features will interest every woman. FOR SALE ON ALL NEWS STANDS . Chicago Teachers' Federation Vol. IV. Bulletin 10 CHICAGO , MARCH 31 , 1905 . No. 18. ADDRESS fronted, whose veracity had been questioned, whose ; noble motives in public service were proven to be David Harum's maxim, "Do the other feller before Harriette Taylor Treadwell he can do you." President Chicago Teachers' Federation Then came a letter from the East : "If you wom- en can do what you have done for Chicago and what Masonic Temple no man dared attempt, the work seemed so stupen- March 25, 1905. dous and hopeless, then I throw aside my life-long objection to women's enfranchisement, and hence- Ladies and Gentlemen : Washington, our great forth I'll be a champion in its cause." And then first president, said in one of his messages : " That amidst all the approval and disapproval came to us man who seeks office, deliberately to further his own in no uncertain tones the hearty hurrah and cheers from a noble band of warriors a hundred thousand ends, in no wise is worthy of that office. That man who refuses to accept an office, when he has been strong. There was not one dissenting voice, no selected by his fellow-men as able to fill the needs cynicism, no ungenerous thought, no patronage, but of that office, is a coward, and so, unworthy of the strong, earnest approval and encouragement and confidence of his fellows ." hand clasps that can never be severed, for the heart When the nomination for president of this great came with it. I have always wished that I could body of splendid, learned women and men came to have been present at that memorable Sunday meet- ing of the Federation of Labor. I believe the me I was overwhelmed at the thought. I had not huzzas must have shook the rafters of the hall as sought the office, if then, this Federation willed that I should represent its interests, then were I a cow- they shouted, "Hurrah for the teachers of Chicago." ard indeed to refuse the responsibility. I must make Much has been said and much written concerning myself worthy in all things appertaining to its wel- the backward step the Teachers' Federation took when it allied itself with the Federation of Labor. fare. This I pray may be so. I thank you all for the honor you have elected to give me. The unani- It has been contended that while the federation of mous vote makes the responsibility and the honor all teachers in itself is a good thing, and that every the deeper. When I know all the steadfastness, teacher should belong to this organization for the high purpose, and earnest work of our beloved presi- general welfare of the whole, that the teachers rep- dent, Miss Kilbourn, and of her able executive resented the whole people, and hence to ally them- board, 1 feel that we, the new board, have much to selves with a class organization is to imperil their do to attain to the high standard they have set for highest mission. Here there is a grave misunder- us . When troublous times were upon us and the standing. Years ago the workmen found that to step of earthquake shook our foundations they held better their condition as to pay, as to fair hours, as to sanitary conditions in work shops, they must work the ridge-pole up and carried us bravely, faithfully for the betterment of every condition that surrounds and nobly through the crisis. The eyes of all the the common people in every walk of life. So they teaching world were upon us with favor and dis- have worked, until to-day the Federation of Labor favor, with approbation and disapprobation, with in our city stands as a strong body for clean politics. like and dislike, all watching the movements of the better moral conditions, better schools, and nobler largest body of grade teachers in the world. With living in every way. They have found that the this searchlight of public opinion sharply upon us, good of all is necessary to promote any civilization ; under the leadership of those two incomparable * * * that so long as one class of men in any walk of life and wonderful women we wrought a miracle. suffers, just so long must the whole suffer ; that not The graft system in the taxation of Chicago prop- one outcry against injustice and cruelty but affects erties was exposed and thousands of dollars were every soul in the universe though we seem to know thereby turned into the city coffers. This was done itnot. through the untiring, indefatigable efforts of those Some of us possibly felt that by joining the Fed- two women, while the men of Chicago, the voters, eration of Labor we had done what would be an up- looked on in wonder. Then rose a storm of oppo- lift to the downtrodden, when lo, we find ourselves sition. What! Women interfering in politics ! met by a body of thinking, earnest, forceful men Prying into the dirty pool of official affairs. And from whom we can learn so much of the helpful, of indignation filled the breasts of politicians and cor- the public-spirited, of the true, that we sink back into ourselves as mere atoms . poration dignitaries whose integrity had been af- 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. Let no one accuse the teachers of grasping greed. infallibly to the secret cry of goodness than the That were scarcely credible with a possible maxi- secret cry of goodness that is near. While you are mum of $1,000 per year, yet we hear this on al! actively good in the invisible, all those who approach sides. Not for this did we affiliate ourselves with you will unconsciously do things that they could not the Federation of Labor, but rather because the work do by the side of any other man. Therein lies a the teachers did in the tax question made it evident force that has no name; a spiritual rivalry that that the betterment of conditions urged by the Fed- knows no resistance."-Maeterlinck. eration of Labor at large was being tremendously helped by the work of the teachers of Chicago. : Then that great force united with this great force in BOARD OF EDUCATION. the true spirit of democracy, and to-day we are warm friends and tried. It has been said : "Why, Wednesday, March 19, 1905. some day the teachers may go on a strike." " Chat- terers they, who gape for flies-piping like magpies, The following recommendations were adopted : up and down. " That Principal Robbins be transferred from the It is the life work of the teachers to help children Worthy to the Hayes school. to a knowledge of good citizenship and I believe we That Charles E. Marks be elected principal of would make noble citizens out of all our boys and the Worthy school. girls were not the weak ones lead away by the pool- Elect Teacher for the Deaf in the Jacob Beidler room, the saloon, the gambling dens, the dance halls. School . All establishments under civic control. Were we teachers to band ourselves firmly against these evils That Ellen Newlee be elected teacher of the deaf and war upon their soul-destroying machinations in the Jacob Beidler School, to date from March 20, against our children I feel we could crush out these 1905. awful menaces. If the city and the state provided against sin ere the sinning was done, instead of pro- Assignment and Transfer of Elementary Teachers. viding so much punishment and so many detention The Superintendent of Schools respectfully re- homes for sinners, we would have a far better city ports that he has made assignments and transfers to-day and a far greater state. When the state li- of elementary teachers according to the attached censes evils already her downfall has begun. list and in accordance with the rules, since the date Teachers are not iconoclasts, they are builders, of his last report. and they build for the state and the nation with their Assignments . lives and souls in their work. 'Tis after the child passes from our ken that the great evils are done. Berringer, Iola E., to Bismarck School ; Brogan , I look forward to the near future when even our Edith M. , to Worthy School ; Buchele, Edith, to La differences will but add zest to our friendship and Salle School ; Butler, Anna T. , to Chase School ; kindly attitude toward all our colleagues and di- Cadman, Emma Alice, to Hammond School ; Ca- rectors . I believe absolutely that every teacher prez, Agnes E., to Thorp School ; Clinton, Cath- ought to make herself the most cultivated woman erine, to Smyth School ; Cummings, Bertha V. , to possible that she may be the greater leader of her Montefiore School ; Dodge, Helen M., to Monroe flock. I could wish that every teacher sought to School ; Hart, Lucy B., to Byford School ; Henry, reinforce her mental vigor in some subject dear to Marguerite , to Raster School : Higgs, Mabel E. , her. to Farragut School ; Huber, Crescenta, to Jirka There is undoubtedly a tendency to drop back into School ; Hunt, Mabel C., to Bowmanville School; mediocrity -through weariness and this ought not Hurley, Elizabeth, to Corkery School ; Keim, Jo- to be. The teacher after school should work a little, sephine E. , to Jenner School ; Kempe, Mabel M. , to study a little, exercise much and play more, that she Lowell School ; Kennedy, Esther, to Holmes School ; may keep fresh, and happy, and young in her chosen Kinsey, May H., to Thorp School; Mason, Ida L., profession. to Cameron School ; MacKinnon, Georgiana, to Brainard School ; Murphy, Clara Ward, to La- I hail with delight, therefore, this movement to- Fayette School ; Osborne, Lillian, to Curtis School ; ward departmental work in the grades, for it means Pease, Mavolta, to Montefiore School ; Porter, greater freedom for the teacher in that she can con- Mayme, to Byford School ; Reuter, Bertha, to centrate her now distributed powers upon one or Thomas School ; Ryan, Ella, to Healy School ; two subjects and become a master in them, hence Ryan, Mary A., to Libby School; Spinks, Alice M. , adding greater vigor to her work and greater culture to Chase School ; Stapel, Amanda E., to Avondale to herself. School ; Starin, Mabel, to Libby School ; Thompson, And so, with Tiny Tim, I say, "God bless us, Jane, to Auburn Park School ; Thorn, Mary, to every one," superintendent, and principal, and teach- Henry School ; Tierney, Alice M., to Mark Sheri- er. dan School ; Verhoeven, Mary E. , to Washburne "Let him who has a grievance against his fellow, School ; Waring, Mary F., to Jones School ; Whe- descend into himself and seek out whether he never lan, Mae H. , to Mitchell School. has been good in the presence of that fellow. For Transfers . myself, I have never met any one by whose side I have felt my invisible goodness bestir itself, without Beder, Maude E., Shields to Kershaw; Bough- he has become, at that very instant, better than my- ton, Grace H., Langland to Burr ; Brown, Daisy, self. Be good at the depths of you, and you will Thomas to Mulligan; Bruce, Alice C., Beidler to discover that those who surround you will be good Tennyson; DeLemon, Pauline, Hammond to Ev- even to the same depths. Nothing responds more erett ; Doolin, Lizzie V., Smyth to Shields ; Ewen, CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 3 Charles, Walsh to Emmet ; Ewen, Charles, Em- TRANSFERS AND ASSIGNMENTS OF ENGINEERS, met to Bowmanville ; Farrell, Alice M., Agassiz to JANITORS , ETC. Keith; Furey, Mary, Beidler to Marquette ; Fur- Transfer . long, Mary, Bismarck to Morse ; Hach, Lena, Schil- ler to Prescott ; Harrington, Margaret, Everett to John S. McHugh, engineer, from the Goodrich Douglas ; Herrmann, Frances, Scanlan to Forest- to Walsh School. ville; Hyland, Mary C., Chase to Beidler ; Isensee, Amanda, Thorp to Fiske ; Jordan, Esther M., Fiske Assignments . to McCosh ; Jordan, Margaret V., Healy to Bur- roughs ; Lamont, Phenia B., Curtis to Kozminski ; John Dooner, engineer, Logan School. Lippert, Anna C., Tennyson to Beidler ; Mack, Anna Jennie Keegan, janitress, George W. Curtis School Branch . E. , Drummond to Langland ; McIlhon, Frances I., Newberry to Goudy ; McIntyre, Clementine, Far- Arthur McCracken, assistant engineer, R. T. ragut to McClellan ; McLaughlin, Frances C., Ry- Crane Manual Training High School. erson to Burns ; Mueller, Albert C., Goudy to Amelia Williams, janitress, Ambrose E. Burn- side School Branch. Worthy ; Norton, M. Therese, Nash to Greeley ; 1 Richelsen, Laura M., Normal Practice to Stowe ; Temporary Assignments, Rork, Jessie A. , Kershaw to Webster ; Rothschild, Ray, Fuller to Seward; Rusch, Louise, Pickard to Frank Dunlap, substitute engineer, Hartigan Wentworth ; Sanborn, Stella M., Holmes to Fuller ; School. Sandus, Annette J., Burr to Adams ; Stephen, Harry A. Schlick, substitute engineer, Goodrich Welthy, Coonley to Agassiz; Thayer, Helen, Bow- School. manville to Hamline. Separations . Teachers Placed on Unassigned List. Edward Kalinski, substitute engineer, Logan The Superintendent of Schools respectfully re- School. ports that the teachers named on the attached list James Sweeney, fireman, R. T. Crane Manual have been placed on the unassigned list in accord- Training High School. ance with the rules. Leave of Absence, Unassigned List . Peter Pesch, engineer, Walsh School Building, Gottlieb, Florence, Mark Sheridan School ; Lamb, for a period of ninety days, owing to illness. Charlotte A. , La Salle School ; McCarthy, Helen, Nora Fidram, janitress, Ambrose E. Burnside Willard School ; Miers, Hannah, Forestville School ; School Branch No. 2, for a period of ninety days, Mines, Ella M., on list for appointment ; Myall, owing to illness. Charles, Jones School; Sargent, Grace V., Byford Dora Thorson, janitress, Shields School Branch , School. for a period of ninety days, owing to illness. Edward J. Poulson, draughtsman, Architect's Reports of Names of Teachers Who Have Married Department, for a period of one year. While in the Service of the Board . Reinstatement . The Superintendent of Schools respectfully re- Mary Rilley, janitress, Shields School Branch. ports, as required by the rules, that the following named teachers have married while in the service Suspension , of the Board : Manual Training teacher : Name before mar- Thomas Mahoney, engineer, Hartigan School, for riage, Sue Emma Waynick; name after marriage, a period of thirty days from March 18, 1905, on Susan W. Valentine. charges preferred against him by the Principal of Farren School : Name before marriage, Lucy L. said school, which charges were found sustained Kelly ; name after marriage, Lucy L. Kelly. by the Committee. Taylor School ( Principal ) : Name before mar- riage, Belle A. Butterfield ; name after marriage, SUCCESS SUMMED UP . Belle A. Murphy. "What is the secret of success ?" asked the Sphinx. Resignations of Teachers . "Push," said the Button. "Never be led," said the Pencil. The Superintendent of Schools respectfully re- "Take pains," said the Window. ports that he has received and has accepted the res- ignations of teachers according to the attached list : "Always keep cool," said the Ice. "Be up to date," said the Calendar. Resignations . "Never lose your head," said the Barrel. "Make light of everything," said the Fire. Black, Jessie May, Revere School; Everham, Jo- "Do a driving business," said the Hammer. sephine I. , Jirka School ; Ives, Anna L. Brushke, "Aspire to greater things," said the Nutmeg. Chase School; Keating, Julia A., Jefferson School ; "Be sharp in all your dealings," said the Knife. Robinson, Frances W., Bowmanville School ; Sayre, "Find a good thing and stick to it," said the Virginia, Komensky School ; Von Holland, Helene, Glue. Schley School ; Wilcox, Margaret L. , Lake High "Do the work you are suited for," said the School. Chimney.-Baltimore Sun. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION coal, but who are able to get jobs as helpers merely, made an average weekly wage of $5.89 . BULLETIN Now, suppose we take one of these $5.89 a week Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, men. Call up a picture. A miner's hovel. Six Batered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, small children. Why not ? Eight mouths to feed. December 23, 1901. Flour, shoes, clothes, schoolbooks to buy. Rent THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the to pay. Five dollars and eighty-nine cents a week. year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of Just slip into his boots. How would you like to put AprilandDecember, by the Chicago Teachers' Federation. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single coples, Five Cents. your hand on that man's shoulder and say : ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received "My man, I perceive that you do not go about byTuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payableto your work happily. This is a prodigious evil. the order of the Federation Bulletin. Now the cure for this is simple. You should be- THE EDITOR , come a kind of artist. You should have no end of 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO. enthusiasm for this $5.89 job of yours. In a word, Dusiness office hours, 9 a . m. to 5p. m. Phone Central 3004. if you are not happy, the cure is to be happy." But then it would be a waste of words. How PRESIDENT ELIOT'S DISCOVERY IN RE- could a miner who has never been to a university GARD TO LABOR. to study logic and political economy-how could he hope to catch the force of that?-The Public. (From the address of Herbert S. Bigelow at the Vine Street Congregational Church, Cincinnati, CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION . Sunday evening, January 22.) President Eliot, of Harvard university, has re- Saturday March 25, 1905 . cently declared : "I have lately had occasion to think a good deal MASONIC TEMPLE about the conditions of labor in our American so- 1 . ciety, and the saddest thing that I have learned is Hall 309. the lack of the happy spirit of labor in American The adjourned session of the annual meeting was industries. That is a most pathetic and lamentable held in Hall 309, owing to a misunderstanding on * * * thing. What is the cure for this prodi- the part of the management of the Temple. gious evil ? It is the bringing into American indus- The recommendation adopted by the annual meet- tries of the method and spirit of the artist. The ing of the Mortuary Fund Department was ap- artist rejoices in his work, it is his chief satisfaction proved. The recommendation was as follows : No and happiness in his life. " new member shall be admitted to the Mortuary This is not a prodigious remedy for so prodigious Fund Department who at time of application is out an evil. There is a lack of happiness in the work of school on "leave of absence." of the American people ; this is a prodigious evil. The following amendment to the constitution was The cure for it is to introduce happiness into the read by the secretary and ordered published: "Any work of the American people. A truly remarkable officer who fails to attend three consecutive regular suggestion . meetings of the Board of Managers, without a rea- With this kind of reasoning, what problem need sonable excuse, shall be considered as having re- stump us ? Poverty is a prodigious evil ; the cure signed. " Action on this amendment will be taken for it is riches. Intemperance is a prodigious evil ; at the second adjourned session of the annual meet- the cure for it is temperance. Sickness is a pro- ing, which will be held Saturday, April 8, immedi- digious evil ; the cure for it is health. ately before the regular meeting. If the American workman is not happy, why not ? The retiring president, Miss Kilbourn, in a most The last bulletin of the labor bureau furnishes happy way then proceeded to introduce the officers some official statistics which have a bearing on the for the ensuing year, prefacing her introduction by subject. a short and earnest expression of her feeling to- In Indiana the wages of 48,225 employes were in- ward the Federation and her appreciation of the vestigated, and the average was found to be $8.77 cornfidence reposed in her. At the conclusion of her a week; 8,494 carriage workers were found to re- remarks continued applause delayed further business ceive an average of $6.98 a week. The average for several minutes, when Miss O'Reilly of the Dar- for nearly 2,000 paper mill hands was found to be win School made a feeling response expressive of $6.57 a week. Conditions were better in Illinois. the sentiment of the membership. The average weekly wage of 80,881 employes in The new officers were then introduced. this state was found to be $9.70. In Missouri the President-Harriette Taylor Treadwell, Forrest- average for over 10,000 investigated drops to $8.70 ville School . a week. In this state there were three free em- Recording Secretary-Mary O'Reilly, Darwin ployment bureaus that received over 15,000 appli- School. cations for positions. They were compelled to send Corresponding Secretary-Florence E. Tennerry, 5,000 of these applicants away into enforced idle- Raymond School. ness . Financial Secretary-Catharine Goggin. In this same report, the labor commissioner in- Treasurer-Sarah A. McDonald, Stanley School. forms us that the employes of the woolen mills of Business Representative-Margaret A. Haley. New Jersey get $6.43 a week. The factory hands Vice-president, District I-Maude M. Kolloch ; in Pennsylvania were found to get $9.28 a week. secretary, Mary B. Bishop. The anthracite coal miners made $9.53 a week. Vice-president, District 2-Emma Stevens ; sec- And the men who have not the privilege of mining retary, Louise E. Poppelbaum. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 5 Vice-president, District 3-Frances Northcott ; Wednesday secretary, Mary A. Fanning. Morning, 9:00 o'clock. Vice-president, District 4-Kate C. Curtis ; sec- Music. retary, Kate M. Onthank. Address : " Social Value of Handicraft ." Vice-president, District 5-Margaret L. Finne- Jane Addams, Hull House. gan; secretary, Alice L. Joyce. Paper: "Relation of Art Instruction and Manual Vice-president, District 6-Mary C. Hyland ; sec- Traning in Public Schools" (illustrated by an retary, Ella J. Lorden . exhibit of pupil's work) . Vice-president, District 7-Anna G. Baer; secre- Wilhelmina Seegmiller, Supervisor of Draw- tary, Margaret B. Casey. ing, Indianapolis, Ind. -Serena H. Hayes ; sec- Vice-president, District 8 Paper : "Art-Crafts and Drawing in Grammar retary, Sarah J. Mullen. Grades." Vice-president, District 9-Rose A. Murphy ; sec- William E. Roberts, Supervisor of Manual retary, Susan E. Cougle. Training, Cleveland, Ohio. Vice-president, District 10-Mary V. Synon; sec- Discussion . retary, Nellie L. Fallon. Afternoon, 3:00 to 5:00 o'clock. Vice-president, District 11-Mary E. Murray ; Visit Armour Institute of Technology. secretary, Agnes Spellecy. Evening, 8:00 o'clock . Vice-president, District 12-Kate Tehan ; secre- Music. tary, Frances B. Carson. Illustrated Lecture : " The Arts and Crafts of the Vice-president, District 13-Louise C. Zwiefel ; Orient ." secretary , Julius Weil. Charles R. Richards, Professor of Manual Vice-president, District 14-Isabel Richman; sec- Training, Teachers' College, Columbia Uni- retary, Lydia G. Donohue. versity, New York City. The address of the incoming president is printed Thursday on page one of this issue. Morning, 9:00 o'clock. Music. WESTERN DRAWING AND MANUAL TRAIN- Paper : "Handwork in an Elementary School ; a ING ASSOCIATION. School Principal's Experience" (illustrated by an exhibit of pupil's work) . Twelfth Annual Meeting , April 25-28, 1905, Chicago , III . Fred. D. Crawshaw, Principal Franklin School, Peoria, Ill . CHICAGO ART INSTITUTE, Discussion : The Program Committee takes pleasure in calling Katherine E. Dopp, The University of Chicago. attention to the following exceptional advantages Oscar L. McMurray, Director of Manual which the courtesy of those interested has made pos- Training, Chicago Normal School. sible for the Chicago meeting : (a) The many William H. Hatch, Superintendent Public names of national prominence on the program itself. Schools, Oak Park, Ill. (b) An illustrated lecture or address at most of the Afternoon, 2:00 to 4:00 o'clock. sessions. ( c) The ideal character of the place of Exhibitors present at Art Institute to explain their exhibits. meeting, with its spacious galleries and beautiful lecture hall. (d) The number of noted schools and Visiting art galleries and schools near the Art In- stitute. art galleries in Chicago. (e) The arrangement by which exhibitors will be present at the Art Institute Evening, 8:00 o'clock . Music. to explain their own exhibits. Details of this will Illustrated Lecture: "Pictorial and Decorative appear in the final program. PROGRAM Art." Tuesday Mrs. Lucy Fitch Perkins, Evanston, Ill. Afternoon, 1:00 to 5:00 o'clock . Reception given by the Board of Education to Registration: Lobby, near entrance. the visiting Drawing and Manual Training As- Depositing Railroad Certificates, securing Mem- sociation, and the teachers of the Chicago pub- bership Cards and the Complete Program . lic schools . First view of Exhibits of Drawing and Manual Friday i Training Work, Art Institute. Morning, 9:00 o'clock . Visiting Schools : The Art Institute, Academy of Music. Fine Arts, Art Academy, School of Education, Paper : " Landscape Painting." Francis W. Parker School, Lewis Institute and Frank F. Frederick, Professor of Art and De- other important schools will be in session and sign, University of Illinois. open to visitors. Paper: "Mechanical Drawing in Preparatory Evening, 8:00 o'clock, Fullerton Hall, Art Institute. Schools ." Music. Charles B. Tibbetts, Instructor in Mechanical Addresses of Welcome by : Drawing, Armour Institute. William M. R. French, Director Art Institute. Discussion : Dr. Louis C. Monin, Dean of Armour Institute. Evaline S. Edwards, Evanston High School. Edwin G. Cooley, Superintendent of Schools . Paper : " The Essentials of a Normal School Albert G. Lane, District Superintendent of Course in Drawing and Manual Training." Schools. Charles S. Hammock, Director of Manual President's Address : Training, State Normal School, Cedar Falls, Lucy S. Silke. Iowa. 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. Afternoon, 2:00 o'clock . LETTER FROM MISS VON HOLLAND. Illustrated Report: The Second International For the Bulletin of the Teachers' Federation. Congress for the Development of the Teaching In a period of struggle for the best interests of of Drawing, held at Berne, Switzerland, in the teachers and frequent blame for their special August, 1904. Also a brief report on the draw- endeavors it may be pleasant to some of them to ing exhibit at the Louisiana Purchase Exposi- hear a voice of profound admiration of the nobility tion. of character and principles that one of them en- Charles M. Carter, Denver, Colo., member of countered in their splendid sisterhood. International Committee for next Congress, The writer of these words found herself weak and which is to be held in London in 1908. almost disabled by an accident she had suffered, at Business . the beginning of this school year. But she was al- Election of Officers . lowed to touch the spring of human kindness when- ever she met her co-workers. Generous helpful- Evening, 8:00 o'clock . ness; daily services proving loving unselfishness Music. was shown every day by some of the noble workers Illustrated Lecture : " The Value of a Line ." in the schoolrooms of Chicago. William M. R. French, Director of Art Insti- May the time come when their full value will be tute, Chicago. recognized by all right-minded people as it is by one who was helped and supported by them while she was one of their number. March 15, 1905 . HELENE VON HOLLAND. CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION. Only a boy with a wooden horse and an imagin- The adjourned session of the annual meeting of ation knows what genuine rapid transit is like.- the Chicago Teachers' Federation will be held at Puck. 412 Masonic Temple, April 8, 1905. TO TEACHERS The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teachers' LOANS BY A TEACHER Federation will meet Tuesday, April 11 , 1905, at At Live and Let Live Low Rates. 4 p. m., in Room 437, Unity Bldg. "First aid to the injured in pocket promptlyrendered." FLORENCE E. TENNERRY, Cor. Secretary. L. A., Care of Federation Bulletin, 437 Unity Building. Long Distance , Main 4479 INTERNATIONAL TRUST COMPANY (ORGANIZING) CAPITAL $200,000 SURPLUS :: 150,000 BANK FLOOR , 94 LA SALLE STREET CHICAGO The International Trust Co. Bank OF CHICAGO now organizing with $200,000 capital, divided into 2,000 shares, par value $100. Shares are sold at $125.00 each to create $50,000 surplus account. Every teacher is invited to take one share. They will pay 6 per cent, besides they will be worth $200 after 12 months. A similar Bank in New York asks $500 per share. Subscriptions taken by A. C. Tisdelle, Bank Floor, 94 La Salle St. AMONG OUR SUBSCRIBERS ARE THE FOLLOWING : James Conlan, Jr. , of James Conlan, Jr. & Co. , Tailors . C. M. Owens, Manager Fox River Butter Co. D. H. Cunningham, M. D. , of Cunningham & Ryan, Physicians CharlesA. Root. and Surgeons . Royal Scudder. Walter H. Eckert . E. W. Shaw, cf Heckman, Elsdon & Shaw, Attorneys. D. Q. Hart, of John Gourey Lumber Co, Waukegan, III. C. G. Stevens, Pres. Chas. G. Stevens Co., Iron and Finished Steel. Ford Jones , Sec'y and Treas. Jones, Coates & Bailey, Lumber. A. C. Tisdelle, Banker. J. A. Lamen, Sec'y and Treas. Lamon-Gohl Syrup Company. F. F. Tomek, Sec'y Johnson & Tomek Co. , Mfrs. Mouldings . B. F. March, of Ela, Grover & Graves, Attorneys. G. W. Trout, Pres. Trout Hardware Co. , Wholesale Hardware. Alfred Marshall, Pres. Marshall & Huschart Machinery Co. C. H. Wolfe, Sec'y & Treas.Heath, Witbeck Co., Wholesale Lumber CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 7 PIANO BUYERS Find Strong Temptation -NI- March Sale -OF- The Manufacturers Annual Clearing at the Kimball Warerooms Means Much for Enrichment of the Home Life. Extraordinary piano buying continues at the Manufacturers' Warerooms 243 Wabash Ave. , S. W. Cor. Jackson Blvd. Besides being a powerful appeal to the money-saving motive, this sale includes many instruments of the highest type of the piano maker's art. Kimball pianos are the product of a home factory. For years their praises have been sung by the world's masters in music. They are within reach of the purchaser of limited means, for they go directly from the great Kimball factories to the home. Unlimited resources of the producers enable them to give the purchaser possession of the instrument while making payment; hence the wisdom of many purchasers anticipating their wants by several months, for rarely do conditions bring such mighty inducements. MARCH ONLY New Eastern Piano and Kimball Piano Player, regular price ....... ... $445 20 Rolls of Music, for operating the player ....... ........... 20 Total ..... .. $465 Special Offer, complete .. $275 Easy Payments if Desired W. W. KIMBALL CO . (ESTABLISHED 1857) Southwest Corner of Wabash Ave. and Jackson Blvd. 1 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . Everybody's Magazine Out for April MR. LAWSON WRITES : " I start this month on the actual Crimes of Amalgamated. I give names, times, places in detail. "No Wall Street man or investor can afford to miss the UTAH COPPER BUNCO GAME. How Samuel Untermeyer, Esq ., Clark, Ward & Co. and ENGLISH INVESTORS WERE SWINDLED. "The Munroe & Munroe City Bank Flimflamming of two profes- sional gamblers. How one of the Big Three Insurance Companies sold their stocks for $5,839,000.87 and made sworn statements to the Insurance Departments that the same was $3,075,392 . "I describe the Insurance trick of 'New business. ' "I make my first apology to those I have flayed, to ROGER FOS- TER, ESQ. I answer critics from Georgia, New York, Kansas, Tacoma, Boston and Philadelphia straight from the shoulder, calling spades black spades. "If there is any liquid blood left in the nation, it should boil. RECORD me it will. "Garfield reports to ROOSEVELT : 'BEEF TRUST ALL RIGHT . ' : "If the AMERICAN people, with this latest insult to their intelli- gence and with RUSSELL'S facts in their hands, don't put another nail in the ' System's' coffin, I miss my guess. " IN MR. RUSSELL'S ARTICLE: In the April number a picture is given of sixteen great railroad pres- idents, terrorized by the Beef Trust, sneaking into a NEW YORK CLUB to rebel in concert against the TRUST'S gorging methods. " THE EXPERIENCES OF A NURSERY GOVERNESS, " the many stories and other striking features will interest every woman. FOR SALE ON ALL NEWS STANDS. Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin 100 Vol. IV. CHICAGO , APRIL 7, 1905. No. 19. SLAUGHTER OF THE INNOCENTS . These toddlers, I saw, for the most part did but one thing they watched the flying spindles on a By Elbert Hubbard . frame 20 feet long, and tied the broken threads. They could not sit at their tasks ; back and for- Next to Massachusetts, South Carolina manu- ward they paced, watching, with inanimate, dull factures more cotton cloth than any other state in look, the flying spindles. The roar of the machin- the Union. The cotton mills of South Carolina ery drowned every other sound. Back and forth are mostly owned and operated by New England paced the baby toilers in their bare feet, and capital. mended the broken threads. Two, three, or four In many instances the machinery of the cotton threads would break before they could patrol the mills has been moved entire from Massachusetts 20 feet the threads were always breaking ! to South Carolina. The move was made for the The noise and the constant looking at the flying ostensible purpose of being near the raw product ; wheels reduce nervous sensation in a few months but the actual reason is that in South Carolina to the minimum. The child does not think ; he there is no law regulating child labor. Heartless ceases to suffer-memory is as dead as hope. No cupidity has joined hands with brutal ignorance, more does he long for the green fields, the run- and the result is child labor of so terrible a type ning streams, the freedom of the woods, and the that African slavery was a paradise compared companionship of all the wild, free things that run, with it. climb, fly, swim, or burrow. Many of the black slaves lived to a good old He does his work like an automaton ; he is a age, and they got a hearty enjoyment from life. part of the roaring machinery ; memory is seared, The infant factory slaves of South Carolina can physical vitality is at such low ebb that he ceases never develop into men and women . There are to suffer. Nature puts a short limit on torture by no mortality statistics; the mill owners baffle all at- sending insensibility. If you suffer, thank God! tempts of the outside public to get at the facts, -it is a sure sign you are alive. but my opinion is that in many mills death sets the At a certain night school, where several good little prisoner free inside of four years. Beyond women were putting forth efforts to mitigate the that he can not hope to live, and this opinion is condition of these baby slaves, one of the teachers derived from careful observation and interviews told me that they did not try to teach the children with several skilled and experienced physicians who to read they simply put forth an effort to arouse practice in the vicinity of the mills. the spirit through pictures and telling stories. In Boys and girls from the age of six years and this school I saw the sad spectacle of half the class, upwards are employed. They usually work from of a dozen or more, sunk into sleep that more re- six o'clock in the morning until seven at night. sembled a stupor. The teacher was a fine, com- For four months of the year they go to work be- petent woman, but worn-out nature was too much fore daylight and they work until after dark. for her to teach, you must make your appeal to life. At noon I saw them squat on the floor and de- The parents of the children send them there so vour their food, which consisted mostly of corn- they could be taught to read, but I was told by bread and bacon. These weazened pigmies one who knew that no child of, say, seven or eight munched in silence, and then toppled over in sleep years of age who had worked in the mill a year on the floor in all the abandon of babyhood. Very could ever learn to read. He is defective from few wore shoes and stockings ; dozens of little girls that time on. A year in the mills and he loses the of, say, seven years of age, wore only one gar- capacity to play; and the child that cannot play ment, a linsey-woolsey dress. When it came time cannot learn . to go to work the foreman marched through the groups shaking the sleepers, shouting in their ears, We learn in moments of joy; play is education; lifting them to their feet, and in a few instances pleasurable animation is necessary to growth ; and kicking the delinquents into wakefulness . when you have robbed the child of its play-spell , you have robbed it of its life. The long afternoon had begun-from a quarter to one until seven o'clock they worked without The reason that thought flags and stupor takes respite or rest, possession of the child who works at one task for 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . II hours a day, is through the fact that he does on child labor, and the person who lifts his voice not express himself. We grow through expres- in behalf of the children is denounced as a sickly sion, and expression, which is exercise, is neces- sentimentalist endeavoring to discourage the best sary to life . The child in the mill never talks to interests of the state. The cracker does not rea- anyone even if the rules did not forbid it, the son quite thus far with him it is a question of roar of the machinery would make it impossible. " rights, sah, " and he is at the head of his family All orders are carried out in pantomime, empha- and you must not meddle-his honor is at stake. sized by pokes, punches, pinches, shakes and kicks. So at every election he jealously guards his This wee slave loses all relationship with his fel- rights-he has nothing else to do he has lost lows and the world about him . everything else but "honor." If women could vote I thought to lift one of the little toilers to ascer- in South Carolina they would wipe child labor out tain his weight. Straightway through his 35 with a sweep ; but, alas ! a woman in South Caro- * * * pounds of skin and bones there ran a tremor of lina does not even own her own body. fear, and he struggled forward to tie a broken I say these things with no prejudice against the thread. I attracted his attention by a touch, and people of South Carolina as a whole, for some of offered him a silver dime. He looked at me dumbly, the bravest, gentlest, sanest, most loyal and most from a face that might have belonged to a man hospitable friends I have in the world live there. of 60, so furrowed, tightly drawn, and full of pain I make the mention merely as a matter of fact to it was. He did not reach for the money-he did not know what it was. I tried to stroke his head show that the majority of the people in South Car- olina have a long way to travel and are good raw and caress his cheek. My smile of friendship stock for missionary work. meant nothing to him-he shrank from my touch as though he expected punishment. A caress was I learned from a reliable source that a cotton unknown to this child, sympathy had never been mill having a pay roll of $6,000 a week in New his portion, and the love of a mother, who only a England can be run in the south for $4,000 a week. short time before held him in her arms, had all This means a saving of just $ 100,000 a year, and been forgotten in the whirr of wheels and the the mill having a capital of $ 1,000,000 thus gets a awful silence of a din that knows no respite. clear gain of 10 per cent per annum . There were dozens of just such children in this One mill at Columbia, S. C., has a capital of particular mill. A physician who was with me said $2,000,000 . In half a dozen other cities there are that they would all be dead probably in two years , mills with a capital of a million or more. These and their places filled with others-there were mills all have " company department stores," where plenty more. Pneumonia carries off most of the employes trade. A certain credit is given, and them. Their systems are ripe for disease, the employe who has a dollar coming to him in and when it comes there is no rebound-no cold cash is very, very rare. The cashier of one response. Medicine, simply does not act-nature mill told me that 19 families out of 20 never see is whipped, beaten, discouraged, and the child sinks any cash, and probably never will. The account into a stupor and dies. is kept with the head of the house. Against him There are now only five states, I believe, that are charged house rent, insurance, fuel-three have no law restricting the employment of chil- things the man never thought of. Next, the orders dren. Child labor exists in Georgia and Alabama drawn on the company must be met. Then come to an extent nearly as grevious as it does in South groceries , clothing, and gew-gaws that the young Carolina, but in each of these states there are bands women are tempted into buying, providing the ac- count is not too much overdrawn. Sometimes it of brave men and excellent women who are waging war to stop the slaughter of the innocents ; and happens that the account is so much overdrawn by these men and women have so forced the issue the last of the month that the storekeeper will dole that the mill owners are giving way before them out only corn-meal and bacon-just these two and offering compromise. But South Carolina lags things to prevent starvation and keep the family at work. behind and the brave workers for liberty there seem a hopeless minority. The genial cashier who made this explanation to me did it to reveal the pitiable ignorance of the For these things let Massachusetts answer. "poor whites"-the cracker cannot figure his ac- South Carolina weaves cotton that Massachu- count-it is all a matter of faith with him. " Το setts may wear silk. manage a cracker you have to keep him in debt South Carolina cannot abolish child labor because to you," explained my friend, "then you can con- the mill owners, who live in New England, oppose trol his vote and his family." it. They have invested their millions in South The ingenuity displayed in securing the laborers Carolina, with the tacit understanding with legis- reveals the "instincts of Connecticut," to use the lature and governor that there shall be no state phrase of Ralph Waldo Emerson. There are men inspection of mills nor interference in any way called " employing agents," who drive through the with their management of employes. Each suc- country and make the acquaintance of the poor ceeding election the candidates for the legislature whites-the " white trash." This expression, by the secretly make promises that they will not pass a way, was launched by the negroes, and then taken law forbidding child labor. They cannot hope for up by the whites. No white man will acknowledge election otherwise-the capitalists combine with himself as "trash," but he applies the epithet to the "crackers," and any man who favors the re- others who are supposed to be still more trashy striction of child labor is marked. than himself. The cracker, the capitalist, and the preacher live No matter how poor these whites are, they are CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 3 always well stuffed with pride ; they are as proud accumulate enough money to buy a home in the as the rich, and they would conduct themselves country-it will take only a few years ! The over- just like the F. F. V.'s if they had the money. seers do not wish to be brutal, but they have to They are F. F. V.'s slightly run down at the heel. report to the superintendents-there must be so much cloth made every day. The superintendent They apologize for their poverty and lay it all is not a bad man, but he has to make a daily report to the war. All consider themselves very much to the president of the company, and the president above the negroes-they will not work with the has to report to the stockholders . blacks. The employing agent drops in on this poor white The stockholders live in Boston, and all they family and there is much friendly conversation, for want is their dividends. When they go South they time is no object to the cracker. Gradually the go to Pinehurst, Asheville, or St. Augustine. De- scheme is unfolded. There is a nice man who tails of the mills are not pleasant; they simply leave owns a mill-he will not employ negroes-they are matters to the good men who operate the mills- not sufficiently intelligent. The visitor can get it is against their policy to dictate. work for all the women and the children of the Capital is king, not cotton. But capital is blind household with this nice man. There will be no and deaf to all that is not to its interest; it will work for the man of the house, but he can get not act while child labor means 10 per cent divi- odd jobs in the town. This suits the cracker- dends on industrial stocks . he does not want to work. A house will be sup- plied gratis for them to live in. A photograph Instead of abolishing child labor, capital gives a of the house is shown; it is a veritable palace com- lot, near the mill property, to any preacher who pared with the place they now call home. The will build a church, and another lot for a parson- visitor goes away, promising to call again the next age, and then agrees to double the amount any de- week. He comes back and reports that he has seen nomination will raise for a church edifice. his friend, the house is ready, work is waiting, Within a quarter of a mile from one cotton mill, wages in cash will be paid every Saturday night. at Columbia, S. C., I counted seven churches, com- Cash ! pleted or in process of erection. Why, this poor white family never saw any real And that is the way the mill owners capture the cash in all their lives ! clergy. In talking with various preachers on the question of child labor they all, I found, had argu- A printed agreement is produced and signed. ments to excuse it, blissfully unaware that the en- If the cracker hasn't quite energy enough to tire question had been fought out in the world's move, the employing agent packs up his scanty assize, and that civilization 50 years ago had placed effects and advances money for car fare. The her stamp of disapproval on the matter. One family land in the mill town, are quartered in one preacher put it in this way, with a gracious, patron- of the company's cottages, and go to work-the izing smile ( I quote his exact words) : "Oh, of mother and all the children over five. The head course, it is pretty bad-but then, dear brother, you of the house stays at home to do the housework, know the children are better off in the mill than and, being a man, of course does not do it. He running the streets ! " goes to the grocery or some other loafing place It is assumed that there are only two oссира- where there are other men in the same happy tions for children, working in the mill and run- condition as himself. Idle men in the south, as ning the streets. And then this man of God con- elsewhere, do not feel very well-they need a little fessed to me without shame that many of the men stimulant, and take it. The cracker discovers he whose whole families worked in the mills sub- can get whisky and pay for it with an order on the company. scribed one-tenth of their income to the support of " the gospel," and gave him an order on the mill He is very happy, and, needless to say, is quite company for the amount ; and this amount was with- opposed to any fanatic who would like to interfere held from wages and paid to him regularly by the in his family relations. He is not aware of it, but cashier of the company. he has sold his wife and children into a five years ' The majority of the clergy of South Carolina slavery. The company threatens and has the right to discharge them all if one quits. Even the mother have always stood for slavery. The clergy never is not free. move faster than the people, usually lagging a lit- tle behind. To get ahead of the pews is to sep- But the cracker knows his rights-he is the head arate from them, so the average clergyman will not of his family; the labor of his children is his until champion an unpopular cause. the girls are 18 and the boys 21. He knows these * * * things, and he starts them off to their work while If the child workers of South Carolina could be it is yet night. marshaled by bugle call, headed with fife and drum, And at the mill the overseers look after them . and marched through Commonwealth avenue, out These overseers are northern men, sent down by past that statue of William Lloyd Garrison, erected the capitalists. In war time the best slave-drivers by the sons of the men who dragged him through were northerners-they have the true spirit and the streets at a rope's end, the sight would appall get the work done. If necessary they do not hesi- the heart and drive conviction home. Imagine an tate to " reprove" their charges . army of 20,000 pigmy bondsmen, half naked, half starved, yellow, weazened, deformed in body, with But the cracker wants to be kind; he wants to (Continued on page 6.) 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION interests in conflict with the interests of the schools. BULLETIN Its constitution safeguards the rights of the affil- iated bodies with regard to the administration of Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, their separate business. The teachers entered the Katered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, December 23, 1901. Federation of Labor because they could by so do- THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the ing utilize practically the hitherto ineffective sup- year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of port of public opinion, without being obliged to AprilandDecember, by the Chicago Teachers' Federation. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single commit themselves to any policy in conflict with copies, Five Cents. ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received the one they had already adopted. byTuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to the orderof the Federation Bulletin. W. S. J. is not quite consistent when he says THE EDITOR , first that "objection to the union of the two organi- 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO. Dusiness office hours, 9 a. m . to 5 p, m . Phone Central 3904. zations is made on the ground that the labor unions represent but one part of the people, while the teachers represent all of them; that when the teach- THE FEDERATION AND ITS CRITICS . ers join forces with labor, they break faith with It is interesting to read in full, in the Bulletin those parents who represent capital, and thus the of March 24, the comment of W. S. J. in the Ele- tendency is to widen the breach which they should mentary School Teacher on the "present con- try to heal," and later, "the opposition to the teach- troversy in Chicago between the Board of Educa- ers' movement, including their alliance with the la- tion and a portion of the teaching force. " Extracts bor organization, is not based so much upon the from this article, reprinted in the Chicago Tribune, principles involved as it is upon the fact that they either have misused or threaten to misuse their . conveyed the impression that it was a contribution power." But he touches truth when he says: to the controversy, an additional attack upon the "While the people dearly love to phrase themselves spirit and methods of the organized teachers. It in eulogies on the teacher as the censor and guard- proves to be an analysis of the Federation move- ian of public morals, the utter hypocrisy of it all ment as it appears to a critic outside the activities -the absolute distrust with which they are re- garded-is clearly shown by the fact that almost of the organization, but within the circle of pro- everybody seems to expect them to become at once fessional interest ; one who has had an opportunity the easy prey and pliant tool of the worst elemer.ts to watch and to estimate the "spectacle unique in of labor-unionism." Yet " almost everybody" is a our educational history" of teachers appearing “ as misleading phrase. It means, in the last analysis, a positive civic force," and demanding a voice in the press and the interests which control it; and the adjustment of school affairs. The notable fea- the press has put forth a pleasing diversity of views . Editorials before and after the events of ture of this criticism is that the writer is able to the tax campaign would make interesting reading estimate the alliance of the teachers with the labor if printed in parallel columns. The teachers, movement as something deeper in significance, more through personal contact with the people, know that far-reaching in results and worthier in motive than there are many whose faith in their character and a political trick. In this connection, one does not intelligence is more logical than that of critics who endorse unreservedly their attitude upon taxation remember that it has been recognized before, ex- and child labor, and condemn as unreservedly their cept by active partisans of the teachers' movement, views upon school legislation ; who believe them that "labor unionism does not ultimately stand as to be, in other words, experts upon every subject one part of the people against another. " The late they have handled except the only one in which mayor of Toledo told the unions that he "believed they are qualified by experience. in labor unionism, but had gone far beyond it. " W. S. J. warns the Teachers' Federation against He recognized it for what it was, a practical neces- internal weakness, against "the ignorant, the self- sity. The teachers of Chicago so recognized it seeking, the unscrupulous," against alliance with when they allied themselves with labor. They had any "clique or faction, either civil or religious ;" and he strikes the keynote of the situation when he appealed to the people to save the schools, and had says : " The teachers have always been supposed backed the appeal with the tax fight and its vic- to stand for character : never before in history tory. In this they had won the sympathy and en- have they had so fine an opportunity to prove it. " dorsement of the public, voiced by many speak- There is no safeguard so perfect against domina- tion by a clique as perseverance in the characteristic ers, prominent among whom was their recent critic, policy of the Federation, the policy which dictated the Rev. R. A. White. To what purpose ? Were the tax campaign, and also, as W. S. J. recognizes, the public or Mr. White in a position to make their the alliance with labor. To stand consistently for sympathy effective? There was one considerable democracy is to antagonize factions. As for the element in the community ready to work. This ele- effort to discredit the Federation through the ment is the one from whose homes the schools are accusation that it is swayed by a religious influence, this is a time-worn device, not un- largely filled. Whatever its policy with regard to familiar to those teachers who remember the internal affairs, the Federation of Labor has no election of 1899. Charges of this character are CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 5 sometimes made sincerely. They are also among fully suggest that the minimum monthly salary be the most effective of political tools. fixed at fifty dollars ($50.00) for the first year, with an increase of fifty dollars ($50.00) per an- It is profoundly true that the character of the num for each successive year, until a maximum teachers as a body is on trial before the world. - monthly salary of one hundred dollars ($100.00 ) The Federation has been " wise and more than be reached ; with a proportional increase for prin- cipals, and for teachers in secondary schools . fortunate" in its choice of leaders. From the point We would herewith append a statement of the of view of thoughtful members who have watched minimum cost of living, and of the present and the growth of this movement from within, its the proposed salaries. gravest danger is not the domination of the igno- Mary Victoria Hulse, rant and self- seeking. Far greater is the danger President New Orleans Educational Association . that the organization may not become and remain (A) Minimum Cost of Living in New Orleans for Teachers vital to its extremities. The ignorant and self- seeking are neither the strong nor the significant Board and laundry at $25.00 per month elements. The power for good or ill lies with ( 12 mos. ) . .$300.00 Carfare to and from school ( 9 mos.) 18.00 the average member. The political weakness of the American people lies in the lack of personal Clothing 50.00 Educational literature 5.00 responsibility on the part of the average citizen. Association dues- The need of the teachers of Chicago is for energy and for faith in themselves . Their ideals have been N. O. Educational . $ 1.00 State association ......... 1.00 formulated. It is time that the character and men- Pension league 6.00 tality which they have approved in their leaders 8.00 should manifest itself in the ranks. Power is never 10 00 recognized, ideals are not adopted, except by such Church and charity ... as hold within themselves the germ of like power Medical attention, dentist, etc ...... 25.00 Incidentals 25.00 and like ideals. The Federation should welcome all criticism and all encouragement, and when $441.00 tempted to take either too seriously should remem- For Summer schools ... ber that it has been following through stress and Recreation and amusement . ........ storm for nearly seven years a policy which is only Cash account now becoming clear to the wisest of its critics. Α. Μ. Μ. Attendance of meeting of state assn .. Phoenix, Arizona, March 29, 1905. (B) Salaries of Elementary Teachers- Present Schedule. Associates : FOR LARGER SALARIES IN NEW ORLEANS . First year, $35 for 9 mos ............... $315 Second year, $40 for 9 mos ............ 360 Our New Orleans friends are stirring themselves Third and fourth years, $45 for 9 mos .. 405 into action regarding salaries and the cost of liv- Fifth and sixth years, $50 for 9 mos .... 450 ing. A petition, signed by all the principals in the Seventh, 8th and 9th years, $55 for 9 mos 495 . public schools, was presented by a committee from Tenth year and above, $60 for 9 mos .... 540 the New Orleans Educational Association, and was (C) Proposed Schedule. referred to the school board committee on resources . First year, 9 mos at $50 .................... $450 The Educational Association called a conference of Second year, increase of $50 per annum .... 500 citizens to discuss ways and means. The outcome Third year, increase of $50 per annum . 550 ... of their work will be looked forward to with in- terest. Fourth year, increase of $50 per annum .... 600 Fifth year, increase of $50 per annum . 650 New Orleans, La., Feb. 9, 1905 . Sixth year, increase of $50 per annum . .... 700 To the President and Members of the Board of Seventh year, increase of $50 per annum .... 750 Directors of New Orleans Public Schools : Eighth year, increase of $50 per annum . 800 Gentlemen : Believing that the board of directors Ninth year, increase of $50 per annum ...... 850 of the public schools of New Orleans appreciates Tenth year and after, of $50 per annum ...... 900 the work of the teachers in the New Orleans Making an average maximum salary equivalent public schools, and is in sympathy with their needs, to $75.00 per month for twelve ( 12) months. the New Orleans Educational Association would On March 9 the Public School Alliance was or- respectfully present to your consideration the fol- ganized in New Orleans. Their battle cry is "A lowing petition from the undersigned principals Million for Public Schools," surely a commendable of the New Orleans public schools, speaking for declaration . The first measure of the alliance was the entire corps of teachers in the public schools. to endorse high license. This is one of the live We find that, with the present increased cost of questions now before the community. The School living, the salaries now paid our teachers are, in Journal. most cases, not living salaries, as evidenced by the appended schedule of teachers' incomes, and of the minimum cost of living in New Orleans . Loans to Teachers DY Teacher We therefore petition your honorable body to If N. E. A. half-rates to New York, and cut Steam devise some means by which the teachers under Ship rates to Europe attract you, pull the latchstring which is always out. your jurisdiction may be relieved, to some extent, L. A. care FEDERATION BULLETIN, from the pecuniary anxieties which now hamper 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO, ILL. their usefulness. To this end we would respect- 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. (Continued from page 3.) politics. It is the record of observers on both sides that this has not been the case. I have a private drawn faces that show spirits too dead to weep, letter from a man who was on the spot, and he says too hopeless to laugh, too pained to feel ! Would that nothing in the general election so astonished not aristocratic Boston lock her doors, bar the shut- him as their matter-of-fact behavior. ters, and turn in shame from such a sight ? "But if the woman vote has not in itself directly I know the sweatshops of Hester street, New altered the political complexion of things, the fami- York; I am familiar with the vice, depravity and ly vote that has been formed by it has proved an degradation of the Whitechapel district ; I have vis- element of political strength. ited the Ghetto of Venice; I know the lot of the "Even the enemies of equal suffrage admit that, coal miners of Pennsylvania, and I know some- while no great changes have been wrought, wom- what of Siberian atrocities ; but for misery, woe, en's votes have altered certain conditions. For in- and hopeless suffering, I have never seen anything stance, no man is now put up for office without tak- to equal the cotton mill slavery of South Carolina ing into consideration his general character. The -this in my own America, the land of the free and women voters are more particular about this than the home of the brave ! the men, and by being so they have raised the stan- dard of morality in public officials. Again, in decid- For the adult who accepts the life of the mills ing upon questions involving sanitation, public libra- I have not a word to say it is his own business . ries, etc. , women are said to have shown themselves My plea is in defense of the innocent ; I voice the less commercial than men ." cry of the child whose sob is drowned in the In conclusion, Mr. Brooks read from the letter of thunder of whirring wheels . a friend in New Zealand, which would prove food The iniquity of this new slavery in the new for the humor of the audience, he said. It ran some- South has grown up out of conditions for which thing like this : no one man or class of men, it seems, is amenable. "As I write, the fan and gloves of our servant lie The interests of the cracker, the preacher, the over- on the dresser. She is in full dress. She is going seer, the superintendent, the president, and the on the invitation of a young barrister to a ball given stockholders are so involved that they cannot see by the Boating Club. She will dance in the same the truth-their feet are ensnared and they sink set with the daughters of the prime minister." into the quicksands of hypocrisy, deceiving them- As an audible smile went around, he added: selves with specious reasons. They must be edu- "The fops of the eighteenth century would have rid- cated and the people must be educated. iculed any one who invited a banker or a lawver to dine in society." So it remains for that small, yet valiant, band of men and women in the South, who are fighting this iniquity, to hold fast and not leave off in their A WISE STEP . work until the little captives are made free. We The women's clubs of California are consider- reach friendly hands across the miles, and out of ing the question of making men eligible to mem- the silence we send them blessings and bid them bership. A few clubs have tried the experiment be strong and of good cheer. Seemingly they fight and found men of great service in the civic work alone, but they are not alone, for the great, throb- of the clubs . bing, melting, mother-heart of the world has but to If this change is made they will be following the know of their existence to be one with them.- example of the Woman Suffrage Association, the American Federationist, April Issue. mother of all the woman's clubs . Men have al- ways been eligible to membership in these asso- WOMEN'S VOTES IN NEW ZEALAND . ciations, for the first article in the creed of the "There are no such things as sweatshops in New suffragist is that it is not good for either man or Zealand," was one of the many interesting things woman to be alone in the work of making the world John Graham Brooks told a large audience at the better. LIDA CALVERT OBENCHAIN. League for Political Education in New York City lately, in the course of a lecture on " The Boldest Experiment in Democracy." After sketching the CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION. New Zealand system of state ownership of rail- roads, telephones, and express companies, its state The adjourned session of the annual meeting of banks, its state life insurance company, its compul- the Chicago Teachers' Federation will be held at sory arbitration, its old-age pensions, its industrial 412 Masonic Temple, April 8, 1905. ‫ء‬ co-operation-Mr. Brooks says the United States The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teachers' has had 1,100 strikes since New Zealand stopped Federation will meet Tuesday, April 11 , 1905, at having them ten years ago he turned to the sub- 4 p. m., in Room 437, Unity Bldg. ject of woman suffrage. FLORENCE E. TENNERRY, "All the women vote in New Zealand. What has Cor. Secretary. happened? The vote of the women has introduced no great changes. Chicago Teachers' Club will lunch informally at The suffragists were confident, for example, the Noon Day Club, 82 Randolph St., 1:00 p. m. , that the women, once they got the vote, www Saturday, April 8th. Regular meeting in the par- out the rum traffic. They have not done y fors of the club, 2:30 p. m. Special business, nom- are trying to*curb it, but in a spirit of w mation of officers. Dues are payable. * * tunism. EMILY A. HAYWARD, Cor. Sec. "They said they would introduce hyuria ino MARY E. REYNOLDS, President. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 7 PIANO BUYERS Find Strong Temptation -IN- April Sale -OF- The Manufacturers Annual Clearing at the Kimball Warerooms Means Much for Enrichment of the Home Life. Extraordinary piano buying continues at the Manufacturers' Warerooms 243 Wabash Ave., S. W. Cor. Jackson Blvd. Besides being a powerful appeal to the money-saving motive, this sale includes many instruments of the highest type of the piano maker's art. Kimball pianos are the product of a home factory. For years their praises have been sung by the world's masters in music. e They are within reach of the purchaser of limited means, for they go directly from the great Kimball factories to the home. Unlimited resources of the producers enable them to give the purchaser possession of the instrument while making payment; hence the wisdom of many purchasers anticipating their wants by several months, for rarely do conditions bring such mighty inducements. APRIL ONLY New Eastern Piano and Kimball Piano Player, regular price .......... $445 20 Rolls of Music, for operating the player .... ............ 20 Total ....... $465 Special Offer, complete ............. $275 Easy Payments if Desired W. W. KIMBALL CO . (ESTABLISHED 1857) Southwest Corner of Wabash Ave. and Jackson Blvd. 1 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. Everybody's Magazine Out for April MR. LAWSON WRITES : " I start this month on the actual Crimes of Amalgamated. I give names, times, places in detail. "No Wall Street man or investor can afford to miss the UTAH COPPER BUNCO GAME. How Samuel Untermeyer, Esq. , Clark, Ward & Co. and ENGLISH INVESTORS WERE SWINDLED. " The Munroe & Munroe City Bank Flimflamming of two profes- sional gamblers. How one of the Big Three Insurance Companies sold their stocks for $5,839,000.87 and made sworn statements to the Insurance Departments that the same was $3,075,392 . "I describe the Insurance trick of 'New business. ' " I make my first apology to those I have flayed, to ROGER FOS- TER, ESQ. I answer critics from Georgia, New York, Kansas, Tacoma, Boston and Philadelphia straight from the shoulder, calling spades black spades. "If there is any liquid blood left in the nation, it should boil . : RECORD me it will. "Garfield reports to ROOSEVELT : 'BEEF TRUST ALL RIGHT . ' "If the AMERICAN people, with this latest insult to their intelli- gence and with RUSSELL'S facts in their hands, don't put another nail in the 'System's' coffin, I miss my guess. " IN MR. RUSSELL'S ARTICLE : In the April number a picture is given of sixteen great railroad pres- idents, terrorized by the Beef Trust, sneaking into a NEW YORK CLUB to rebel in concert against the TRUST'S gorging methods. " THE EXPERIENCES OF A NURSERY GOVERNESS, " the many stories and other striking features will interest every woman. FOR SALE ON ALL NEWS STANDS. Chicago Teachers ' Federation Bulletin 100 Vol. IV. CHICAGO, APRIL 14, 1905 . No. 20. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION. movement and its growth with many misgivings , but notwithstanding opposition the federation's first effort was successful and the board of educa- A Body of Chicago Schoolteachers That Is Fast tion adopted a new salary schedule, which, if en- Becoming a Great Civic Power. forced, would have given teachers of ten years' ex- perience a yearly salary of $1,000, being an ad- Excerpts From an Article in Record -Herald of April 2 , vance of $200 on the maximum then paid to pri- 1905 . mary teachers and $175 on the maximum paid to By John Rathom . teachers of the grammar grades . We cull the following from a full page article il- The board, however, never put this schedule into lustrating the change in attitude developed during force, pleading lack of revenue. This led the the last few years in a great newspaper which federation, through its finance committee, to make formerly stood strongly for the exploded fallacy of an investigation as to the cause of the shortage of " autocracy" in the schools. We doubt whether funds, and its members rapidly uncovered the fact Mr. Rathom could have secured space for a sim- that the school fund and the entire exchequer of ilar article five years ago.-The Editor. the city and county were suffering each year the "The Chicago Teachers' Federation is an organ- loss of hundreds of thousands of dollars through ization about which the vast majority of people the failure of the large corporate interests, notably outside of its ranks know very little. In its power the public utility companies-gas, electric light, for good or for evil and in the fact that its mem- telephone, etc.-to pay their fair share of the taxes ." * * * bership has complete supervision over the educa- tion of hundreds of thousands of young children, "What followed is already civic history, but the this body becomes a legitimate subject for public great mass of the people have never fully realized discussion . the immense services rendered to the city by the At this moment there exists a condition of af- federation in its great and successful taxation bat- fairs with regard to the technical workings of the tle. The organization , then numbering 3,500 mem- public school system that has lined up the teachers bers , detailed two of its leaders to spend their solidly against the superintendent of education and whole time looking into this subject and to make the members of the board. a report as to the best method of compelling the Born of stress and strife, the federation ever corporations to pay their just taxes. A suit in since its beginning in March, 1897, has been per- court was the direct result of this investigation and petually in the sweep of a bitter fight, first aimed the evidence brought out in the action showed that at one object and again at another, but always vig- in the year 1899 $235,000,000 of value of public orous , always sincere and earnest and always striv- utility corporations paid nothing in taxes to the ing for what it considers to be the best interests of State of Illinois its members* and the * * community at large." * * * * The case, which was prosecuted through the Illi- nois Supreme Court, resulted in an order entered "The object of the federation, as stated in its against the state board of equalization, demanding original constitution, which is still unchanged, reads that it tax the corporations mentioned in the bill to as follows : the amount of nearly $2,000,000 for the year 1900. "The object of this organization shall be to ob- The defendant companies sought federal aid, which tain for teachers all the rights and benefits to restrained the payment of a portion of this tax, which they are entitled; the consideration and which is still in dispute in the United States Su- study of such subjects as the federation may deem preme Court. necessary ; the consideration and support of the A large part of it, however-over $600,000 in pension law and the study of parliamentary law." cash-was paid in, as back taxes for the year 1900, The first efforts of this body were devoted to se- and since that time the board of education has each curing a more adequate salary for elementary year benefited to the extent of $250,000 through teachers, whose yearly stipend had been practically the efforts of the federation ." * * * stationary during the twenty years previous, not- withstanding that the necessary equipment and cost "At the present time there exists between this of living had greatly increased. " * * * great teaching force and the board of education a difference of opinion which , it becomes apparent "A great many educators and a number of mem- from the slightest investigation, must be straight- bers of the board of education looked on this ened out in some manner before the best interests 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . of the schools are conserved. This friction re- salaries must take is divided into two parts-one volves around three or four well-defined subjects." * * academic in character and the other professional- * * * * * that is to say, relating wholly to the actual work "Another is the demand of Superintendent Cooley of teaching. that promotional examinations, such as have been The academic paper, which consists of any one in existence for the last two years, shall be re- of fifteen subjects, to be selected at the will of the tained in all their force, believing as he does that teacher, counts 50 per cent of this examination and they are of the greatest value in the betterment of the professional quiz makes up the other 50 per the teaching body. cent. This professional examination is itself divid- A third is the insistence by the teachers that the ed into two parts, 50 per cent of it being based on present system in force under the rule of Superin- markings on actual results of teaching in the tendent Cooley and practically built up by him is schoolroom and the other 50 per cent on answers too much overloaded with technicalities and that it to written questions exclusively with regard to the will, if persisted in, turn the teachers into mere profession of teaching . inanimate machines, without any initiative of their Mr. Cooley thinks that this examination makes a own, and make them practically students instead of fair division of subjects." * * * * * * * independent men and women with a distinct and lofty vocation." [ The Federation insists (we quote now from the * statement sent out some time ago regarding "ef- "On all these three subjects the teachers, or those ficiency" ) that " after permanent appointment actu- teachers who are part of the federation, and Mr. al work in the school room, under supervision com- Cooley are diametrically opposed. The friction petent to recognize scholarship and professional that is generally believed to exist in a personal way ability in and through such work, be the only test between the teachers and the superintendent has, of a teacher's efficiency."] in fact, no existence at all. " Dr. Cornelia B. De Bey, who speaks through the I have spoken in the past few days to a large Record-Herald on behalf of the Teachers ' Federa- number of representative teachers, all of whom tion, makes the following statement : are members of the federation, and the majority "Under the present conditions our superintend- of them insist that he does not recognize their full ents and principals are not actual educators, but rights and that in his ambition to thoroughly sys- part of a red-tape system. The work of the teach- tematize every particle of the work of the board er in the schoolroom ought to be the great main of education he has gone too far and surrounded test of competency, and the so-called examination the teaching body in a mesh of rules and restric- tests on which the superintendent of education in- tions that takes away half their value and more sists are not tests, but a nonsensical and useless than half their enthusiasm. There is, apparently, waste of time. This sort of educational activity no personal animosity against Mr. Cooley what- is parallel with the proposition that to find the ever." weight of one thing, instead of putting it on the * * * * * * * scales and weighing it, it is better to weigh some- "On the other hand, it is impossible to talk with thing else and then find out what you want to Mr. Cooley for any length of time without being known by comparison." * * * * * * * convinced of his utter lack of personal animus against either the federation or any particular body "For six or seven months before these examina- of teachers, and his single-minded interest in one tions teachers cram with unnecessary knowledge and thing-the constant betterment of our public school very often undermine their health and strength system." * * and unfit themselves for the daily labors in the schoolroom, while they are going through these "With a feeling of this character existing on both academic studies. It is not an exaggeration to say sides, it seems incomprehensible that some arrange- that there is a larger percentage of sick teachers ment cannot be arrived at that will at once and per- in Chicago to-day than has ever before been known manently remove all causes of friction in the de- in the history of the board of education. " * * * partment. While Mr. Cooley does not believe it was wise " There is another side to this question also. The for the Teachers' Federation to have allied itself young men and women engaged in the profession with any organization of the city's life SO of teaching in this city ought to be as free in their distinctly individual as the Federation of Labor, lives as any other citizens in professional work, but he does not lay much stress on this condition, they are treated as part of a hide-bound system and though he deplores it as tending to create the very are compelled to keep up a certain grade of so- sentiment of class affiliation that the teachers de- called ' scholarship' that is utterly useless to them. clare they are trying to obliterate. But the main I believe the only thing the department of educa- point of contention at the present time and the one tion ought to make an issue about, as far as the which, if settled satisfactorily to both interests, will ability of the teacher is concerned, is 'Is she doing mean an entire clearing of the air, is the question good service ?' of promotional examinations . "The real purpose of these people is teaching. It is around this subject that the bitterest con- The promotional examination is nothing more than troversy gathers. " * * * * a mercenary chase, being the only means by which * * * teachers can add to their scanty income. As soon "To put the matter briefly and in a way that it as they pass this examination they get a raise of can be easily understood, it is sufficient to say that $5, and from then on are raised automatically un- the promotional examination which all teachers til they reach the top limit in what is known as the who desire to be put in the path toward increased first group of salaries, ranging from $825 to $1,000. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 3 It is only necessary for people to think for a mo- schools, but merely a citizen and a looker-on, ment, I believe, to be convinced that this promo- though lookers- on, we are told, sometimes see most tional examination is nothing but an outrage, inde- of the game. With regard to the promotion of fensible and unmoral from every standpoint. teachers , it seems to me that a professional person "We will suppose that 500 young women come must be judged in the long run by his professional up for the examination, after having studied night work, that a lawyer is judged not by set examina- and day for several months to pass it. A large tions in this state or that state, but by his success number of these fail, and it is not improbable that in practice. among these unfortunates are very many of the "No one can stand more firmly than I do for a best teachers, who go back to their classes utterly merit system. No one, I think, understands more crushed and dejected, victims of a physical and clearly the evils of the non-merit system, and no mental reaction that is hard for outsiders to con- one believes more strongly than I that before we template. Those who succeed, with the knowledge can get our public affairs in order we must have that they have at last attained a place where they some such machinery as the merit system affords. may stop and rest on their oars, get into a condi- But the merit system may very easily be brought tion of lassitude about their work and really be- to disrepute in its first trial, and it is at the present come worse teachers in consequence. The one in- moment largely on trial in America everywhere. disputable fact that ought to be borne in mind in It may very easily be applied in such a way as to this connection is that those teachers who devote make it not a reasonable test of merit, but a very most of their energies to their pupils during the bungling contrivance and deservedly suspected of preliminaries for this examination are the ones that stupidity. fail in the examination. * "* * " I believe that to test people as students, when they are engaged as teachers, to test their knowl- "Mr. Cooley thinks that the examinations are a edge by examination and not as it appears in their good stimulus. He is right in that respect, for the work, is a misapplication of the merit system. $5 increase and the beginning of a road to easy Their professional proficiency comes out in the street make a tremendous stimulation, but the children whom they teach; it is revealed in their whole system is evil. It creates fear, superficiality daily occupation and in their mental alertness. Of and greed. We never had less real life or more course, they must feed their minds, because they fear in the school system of Chicago than we have will go to pieces if they do not and their work to-day. The putting of superficial tests and super- will soon show it. But to insist upon set study ficial premiums on crammed scholarship and sub- and a set apparatus of examination is to test them ordinating the real growth and power of the teach- in one thing and to employ them for another thing. er's profession is, to my mind, a most ridiculous "It seems to me that we ought to do away with proposition. extraneous tests. Let us, by all means, have a "Our whole school system is a growth. We have merit system in our schools, but let us study to find 6,000 teachers here, the great majority of them the best merit system. Let us see to it to-day that educated and cultivated, and yet they are not trust- if we are going to have civil service in the schools ed to do their own work, but are treated like stu- we have a good, respectable, well-tested civil serv- dents of a college. Our teachers have paid for ice, built from within, and not clapped on from the every experiment that has been made by the board outside. After all, it is the minds of the children of education, for each experiment has been follow- that we are studying to improve, and the improve- ed immediately by reduction of salaries. Six or ment of the teacher must depend upon that."* * * * * * * seven years ago our teachers had an average of forty-two pupils to a room ; now a great many of [ Mr. Cooley, in speaking about promotional ex- them have an average of sixty pupils." * * * aminations, said in part: ] "The teacher's work at the present time de- "The origin of these promotional examinations mands more real ability and industry, more tact was economic entirely. The new method was and devotion to high ideals, more sympathy with brought into force simply because it was the best the struggles of others, than is called for in any way of putting a check on the salary list of teach- other profession or calling. The work of a teacher ers. These promotional examinations * * * drive of to-day requires a long, continuous and critical out all creative possibilities. study of many academic subjects as well as a mas- "The remedy? The teachers should have a coun- tery of the most approved methods of instruction. cil system . Our present system is nothing but a The true teacher never makes the mistake of think- great conglomerate mass, without any natural ing her education is finished and complete. She mechanism whatever, in the various schools of the knows that the moment she ceases to be an earnest city, to enable the teachers, as a body, to give the student along both lines, academic and profession- superintendent of education the benefit of their al, she will begin to lose her power as an efficient vast experience on whatever grave problems arise. teacher. She knows that it is fatal to her success Until these districts are formed and the teachers as a teacher if she loses her sympathy with the through their most trusted members have a legiti- learner, a sympathy she can retain only by continu- mate mode of expression, the errors of the system ing to be a learner herself. It is only by a study will continue to grow." of the processes by which truth enters her mind * * * that she is able to understand the difficulties of oth- Jane Addams has very decided views on all these ers who are receiving knowledge for the first time. questions at issue. She said : It is only by the act of acquiring that she can learn "From one point of view I have no right to to help others acquire . speak on this subject at all. I am neither a teach- "I wish to call attention to the fundamental im- er, nor in any way officially connected with the (Continued on page 5.) 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION throes of a fight against Standard Oil, and Mon- BULLETIN tana is dominated by Amalgamated Copper. Such are the results brought about by capital in the Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, economic conflict. At the same time in Colorado Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, and Pennsylvania, in New York, Chicago and San December 23, 1901 . Francisco, we have seen the tyranny exercised by THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the labor having arbitrary power. In this struggle the year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of motive is the unrestrained and selfish desire of April and December, by the Chicago Teachers' Federation. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single copies , Five Cents. these various interests to control the largest pos- ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received sible amount of wealth. We are able to produce by Tuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to wealth, but we have not secured an equitable dis- the order of the Federation Bulletin. tribution . THE EDITOR , No interest engaged in this conflict has shown 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO . itself to be wise enough and unselfish enough to Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. have unlimited power to decide what the various shares of the total product should be. An equit- THE INDUSTRIAL CONFLICT AND THE able distribution must come ultimately through the people-it must be democratic. No considerable TEACHER! part of the people, however, will act until their "The first problem, to produce wealth; the sec- self-interest forces them to do so. For instance, ond, to distribute it. The first problem contains the welfare of the business man and shipper is so the question of labor, the second the question of involved with that of the large transportation in- wages . In the first, the point is the employment terests that they cannot be expected to take, nor of strength, and in the second the distribution of will they take, an active part in the movement enjoyment. From a good employment of strength against the special privileged class. The profes- results public power, and from a good distribution sional class of society, lawyers, physicians, minis- of enjoyment individual happiness. By a good ters and teachers are not, as a class directly con- distribution, we mean not an equal but an equitable nected with labor or capital in the production and distribution. The first equality is equity. distribution of wealth. Can they safely leave the The two problems must be solved together in order determination of their share of the total product to to be properly solved ; the two solutions must be these factors ? Experience has shown that the combined and form but one."-Victor Hugo . physician, minister and lawyer can command a I. compensation commensurate with his services and The application of machinery and the organiza- proportional to his importance as a class. The tion of industry during the last fifty years has teacher, however, occupies quite a different posi- brought about a marvelous increase in the produc- tion. The state is practically his own employer, tion of wealth. The productive power of the and there is no other demand for his service as a workman has been multiplied and then multiplied teacher. The only competition for his service is again. The per capita production of cereals in the demand for his activities in some other capacity the United States has increased from 38 bushels where his professional training is not a factor in in 1850 to 58 bushels in 1890, notwithstanding that fixing his compensation. School boards, in deal- the percentage of those engaged in agriculture has ing with the teacher, have taken advantage of this decreased greatly during that period. The per economic weakness, and as a consequence we find capita value of manufacturers in 1900 was more that the salary and professional rank of the teacher than four times that of 1850. From 1890 to 1900 are the lowest. Teachers' salaries must be paid population increased 21 per cent, while the value of manufactured products increased 38 per cent. out of the tax receipts, and when powerful com- We no longer fear that production will not keep mercial interests, through political pull, are en- pace with the increase of population, but, on the abled to secure an under-assessment of their prop- contrary, we hear much of the dangers of race erty, or when public service corporations secure suicide. Malthus has given way to Roosevelt. valuable privileges without rendering compensa- tion the tax receipts decrease, and since teachers This great increase in production has resulted have been the least capable of resisting because in a severe struggle of the various interests, to their political power was the least, they have suf- secure for themselves the largest possible share of fered the most. The report of the United States the product. Capital has been organized into the trust, and labor has been organized into the union. Commissioner of Education for 1902 gives the Each combination strives to avoid destructive com- average annual salary of male teachers in the com- petition among its members through identification mon schools of the United States as $356, ofThe fe- of interests and each seeks for special advantages male teachers as $228, and for both $307. * and privileges. The possession of special privilege unskilled workman probably earns 25 per cent more per annum. Under such conditions the de- begot a greed for more privileges and corruption in public life was born. Politicians were bought crease in the proportion of male teachers from by corporations and the corporations received in- 41 per cent in 1870 to 27.8 per cent in 1902 was to valuable monopoly franchises. From Rhode Is- be expected. We can but wonder how any young land, Colorado, Wisconsin, New Jersey and Illinois man with ability to succeed at anything else would we heard of the domination of state legislature by continue as a teacher in our public schools . corporate interests. From Philadelphia, Chicago, *These figures were obtained by multiplying the St. Louis and Denver we heard how corporate in- average monthly salary ($49.05 and $39.77) by the terests purchased city councils and secured special average number of months (7.25) taught. Per- privileges worth millions. Kansas is now in the haps the true average income is somewhat larger. CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 5 Right conditions will not be brought about of (Continued from page 3.) themselves, nor by the effort of an individual. The portance of the teacher's having a full and accurate half-million teachers of the United States, reprc-- knowledge of the subjects she attempts to teach ; sented in every community, are the ones most in- that no one can teach all-or even half-that she terested and they are the ones to act in making knows ; that there is bound to be a large percent- their calling a profession. They have been too age of waste and loss in the act of transmission. It long justly criticised as having an interest in ques- is an exceptionally good engine that can transmit tions directly proportionate to their unimport- 25 per cent of the energy wrapped up in its fuel. ance. Teachers have a very important part in our It is an exceptionally clear-headed teacher who can industrial and political life. That they are be- transmit a larger per cent of what she knows to the ginning to appreciate their position is shown by struggling learner. If the teacher wishes to impart what they, as a class, have done in Chicago. a piece of knowledge, she must not only have ap- W.M PERSONS . propriated it herself, but must have gone beyond it University of Wisconsin. and around it; she must see it in its relations to other facts or truths ; she must know from what it originated and to what it is intended to lead. She IN MEMORIAM. must, then, if she wishes to teach half of a sub- There is another vacancy in the band of faithful ject, know the whole, or nearly the whole, of it. workers who have dedicated their lives to the She must have ample margin in reserve for dealing teaching of our future citizens. One more has with unexpected questions and unexpected difficul- ties. crossed the dim borderland between the here and * * * the hereafter, to receive from the Master the "Well done, good and faithful servant. " "Let the teacher attempt to teach arithmetic Mrs. Martha A. McKenzie of the Sumner school without some knowledge of algebra and geometry, died Wednesday, April 5th, from heart failure suc- and she will surely waste her own and the pupil's ceeding an attack of pneumonia , and was buried efforts, and fail to impart an accurate and sys- Friday, April 7th, at Rose Hill cemetery. tematic knowledge of arithmetic. Let her attempt Mrs. McKenzie was one of those teachers whose to teach United States history without a knowledge pupils become their friends, and many a man and of the history of Europe, and she will fail to give a woman in Chicago are to-day better for the year broad, just and sympathetic view of our own great- they spent with her. ness and limitations. Let her attempt to teach She was one of the earliest members of the even the ordinary selections in our readers with- Teachers' Federation and remained until her death out a broad knowledge of English and American one of its most loyal members and supporters . literature, and she will fail to appreciate as well as Surely " she hath done what she could." to teach the really vital truths found in the selec- tion. She will fail to interest her pupils in authors and books, she will fail to teach them the value of IN MEMORIAM. books and their uses in future self-improvement. "Of course, one effect of raising the standard The death of Miss Louise R. Stowell, teacher will be to reduce the number of competitors within in the Brown school, incompletely reported in the the profession. The laws of supply and demand papers, came as a stupefying shock to her many are operative in the professions, as elsewhere. We personal friends. Those friends who saw her at shall, of course, have fewer doctors, fewer law- the hospital during her last ten days, before all yers, and even fewer teachers, but the work will be were excluded from the sick room, noticed that she better done, the children will be taught more than was irrational in her speech, but attributed it to correspondingly better, and, on the other hand, the her state of nervous prostration. They were to privileges, prerogatives and remuneration of the learn later that complete physical wreck had be- teacher will be correspondingly greater. It follows come mental wreck as well, and that she was from this that, if society is to increase its endeavor mentally irresponsible. It was the sorrowful to protect itself against the incompetent by increas- climax of the unequal struggle of a brave soul. ing the quantity of professional work demanded by Hers was a story not unfamiliar. Faithful work, the teacher, or of the physician, greater induce- physical breakdown, the expenditure of small sav- ments must be held out to men and women to fit ings and mortgaging of small property, debt, the themselves for these professions. If it is necessary determined effort to resume work and meet obliga- to spend five, six, seven or more years in acquiring tions ; the attempt, in the face of unpaid bills, to the special training and knowledge that will fit for secure the largest salary to which her experience the occupations in one of these professions, the entitled her, by preparing for and passing the pro- prospective rewards must be in proportion. If it motional examination in January with final collapse. is expected that men and women will spend some Ever staunch and earnest in support of principle, of the best years of their lives in preparing for she met her ills with a smile and a joke and bright- teaching, we must see to it that the remunerations, ness of manner which gave her a yet more youthful both in money and social standing, shall be suffi- appearance than her thirty-five years and an illusion cient to reward them for it. of health. "It is perfectly legitimate for the teacher, as well Miss Stowell was born at Elgin, Ill. She gradu- as for other professional people, to think of re- ated at the college there and later at Valparaiso muneration both in terms of money and in terms Normal College. She taught her first schools near of social position and advantages. Society must Elgin and in St. Charles. Seven years ago she see to it that in both these respects sufficient in- came to Chicago, since when she has taught in the ducements shall be held out to induce the teacher Brown School. -Leonora Pease. to spend these years in preparation for teaching, 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . and also to continue to study in order to keep claim and judgment be referred to the Committee abreast of the advances made in the profession. As on School Management and it will consider every it is inevitable that if the standard is raised the re- case on its own merits as they are submitted. muneration must increase, the surest way to bring Assignments . about this greater remuneration is by protecting De Young, Richard G., Thorp School ; Drum- us against the competition of the unfit, the incom- mond, Mary Grace, Pulaski School; Lichen, Lil- petent. If this can be brought about we can be lian, Talcott School ; Fletcher, Agnes J., Burnside sure of a reward for our labor and sacrifices . The School ; Henderson, Pauline M., Revere School ; teaching profession is to-day suffering more from Lee, Anna M., Mitchell School ; Miles, Helen, Ry- the competition of the unfit than it is from lack of erson School; Mouffe, Irma C., Jefferson School : revenues, great as is our suffering from that O'Heron, Nellie, Drummond School ; Purcell, Mary cause." W., Pickard School ; Ryan, Alice M., Foster [In this there is no difference of opinion between School ; Weber, Mary E., Schiller School ; White, the superintendent and the teachers, but when in Cora A., Goethe School. the next paragraph he is made to express himself Transfers . as utterly at variance with the judgment of every great leader in education, we can but feel that if Bassett, Lucius M., Worthy to Newberry; Car- at any time in the past he entertained such views it ney, Margaret, Goethe to Ogden ; Eastman, Helen is an injustice to now hold him to a theory which B. , Crerar to Goudy ; Gingrich, William F., School experience has shown is untenable.-The Editor. ] for Apprentices to Spry ; Jewell, Abbie L. , Thomas to Cameron ; Korten, Gustavia, Thorp to Kershaw ; Lodge, Anna L., Foster to Kenwood ; Lovell, Lena BOARD OF EDUCATION . R. ( sup) , Schiller to Bass ; Reynolds, Loretta, Goudy to Henry ; Reynolds, Loretta, Henry to Rav- enswood. Wednesday April 12, 1905 . Assignments and Transfers of Teachers. The following recommendations were adopted : TRANSFERS AND ASSIGNMENTS OF ENGINEERS , That Esther Muir, a teacher in the Walter Scott JANITORS , ETC. School, be placed on the unassigned list. Transfer: That Archibald O. Coddington, principal of the Goudy School, has been granted leave of absence for James Sweeney, fireman, from the Richard T. one year to study abroad, which makes it necessary Crane Manual Training High School to the Par- to fill his position. ental School. The Superintendent therefore recommends the Assignments : election of Harriet A. Eckhardt to the principalship Garnet Fee, engineer, Andrew Jackson School. of the Goudy School, salary first year, third group, James Murray, engineer, Brainard School. of the schedule of salaries for principals of elemen- John K. McKeough, messenger in the Superin- tary schools , $ 1,200.00 per annum, to date from tendent's Department. April 17, 1905 . Separations : That George B. Masslich, a teacher in the John Michael J. Broderick, substitute engineer, An- Marshall High School, be elected principal of the drew Jackson School. John Worthy School at a salary of $ 150.00 per Walter Lowell, temporary fireman, Parental month, to date from April 15, 1905. School. That the resignation of Charles E. Marks, prin- John K. McKeough, office boy in the Superin- cipal-elect of the John Worthy School, be accepted. tendent's Department. Martin J. Maloney, substitute engineer, Brainard CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION. School . Changes in Salaries . The adjourned annual session and the regular (Effective April 1, 1905 Owing to Opening of Class Rooms.) meeting of the Chicago Teachers ' Federation will Fred Brown, engineer, Fulton School, from be held at 412 Masonic Temple, May 13, 1905. $145.93 to $ 155.93 per month . The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teachers' William Fee, engineer, Goudy School, from Federation will meet Tuesday, May 2, 1905, at $138.16 to $148.16 per month. 4 p. m., in Room 437, Unity Bldg. Joseph Tansy, engineer, Komensky (new) FLORENCE E. TENNERRY, School, from $143.22 to $ 153.22 per month. Cor. Secretary. Julius U. Pritchard, engineer, McAllister School, from $160.77 to 162.43 per month. That the following resolution adopted by the Josiah Quincy tells how he was once identified Board at its regular meeting, held June 24, 1903, by a laborer who was enlightening a friend. " That page 645, be rescinded : is Josiah Quincy," said the first laborer. "And who Resolved, That it is the sense of this Board that is Josiah Quincy ?" demanded the other. "Don't all school employes should pay their judgment debts , you know who Josiar Quincy is ?" demanded the and that upon failure to do so the President of the first man. " I never saw such ignorance. Why, he's Board be instructed to suspend all such business em- the grandson of the statue out there in the yard." ployes, and that the Superintendent of Schools be and he is hereby instructed to suspend all teachers who fail to do so and report the same to the Com- Mrs. Waldo- Cecil-He has a barrel of money ! mittee on School Management for immediate dis- Edith Waldo-Cecil-But is he all right socially? missal. Mr. Waldo-Cecil-Oh, yes ; he hasn't the least The committee further recommends that every idea how he got it - ! Puck. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 7 PIANO BUYERS Find Strong Temptation -IN- April Sale -OF- The Manufacturers Annual Clearing at the Kimball Warerooms Means Much for Enrichment of the Home Life. Extraordinary piano buying continues at the Manufacturers' Warerooms 243 Wabash Ave., S. W. Cor. Jackson Blvd. Besides being a powerful appeal to the money-saving motive, this sale includes many instruments of the highest type of the piano maker's art. Kimball pianos are the product of a home factory. For years their praises have been sung by the world's masters in music. They are within reach of the purchaser of limited means , for they go directly from the great Kimball factories to the home. Unlimited resources of the producers enable them to give the purchaser possession of the instrument while making payment; hence the wisdom of many purchasers anticipating their wants by several months, for rarely do conditions bring such mighty inducements. APRIL ONLY New Eastern Piano and Kimball Piano Player, regular price .......... ...... $445 20 Rolls of Music, for operating the player ... ... .... 20 Total ....... .. $465 Special Offer, complete ……………………………… $275 Easy Payments if Desired W. W. KIMBALL CO . (ESTABLISHED 1857) Southwest Corner of Wabash Ave. and Jackson Blvd. 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . Everybody's Magazine Out for April MR. LAWSON WRITES : " I start this month on the actual Crimes of Amalgamated. I give names, times, places in detail. "No Wall Street man or investor can afford to miss the UTAH COPPER BUNCO GAME. How Samuel Untermeyer, Esq. , Clark , Ward & Co. and ENGLISH INVESTORS WERE SWINDLED . "The Munroe & Munroe City Bank Flimflamming of two profes- sional gamblers. How one of the Big Three Insurance Companies sold their stocks for $5,839,000.87 and made sworn statements to the Insurance Departments that the same was $3,075,392 . "I describe the Insurance trick of 'New business. ' " I make my first apology to those I have flayed, to ROGER FOS- TER, ESQ. I answer critics from Georgia, New York, Kansas, Tacoma, Boston and Philadelphia straight from the shoulder, calling spades black spades . "If there is any liquid blood left in the nation, it should boil . RECORD me it will. "Garfield reports to ROOSEVELT : 'BEEF TRUST ALL RIGHT . ' "If the AMERICAN people, with this latest insult to their intelli- gence and with RUSSELL'S facts in their hands, don't put another nail in the ' System's' coffin, I miss my guess. " IN MR. RUSSELL'S ARTICLE : In the April number a picture is given of sixteen great railroad pres- idents, terrorized by the Beef Trust, sneaking into a NEW YOX CLUB to rebel in concert against the TRUST'S gorging methods . " THE EXPERIENCES OF A NURSERY GOVERNESS, " the many stories and other striking features will interest every woman. FOR SALE ON ALL NEWS STANDS. Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin 100 Vol. IV. CHICAGO, APRIL 21 , 1905. No. 21 . ADMINISTRATION AND SUPERVISION. been established. The superintendent and the whole administrative machinery exist only for the purpose 1. The Superintendent as a Man of Affairs . of accomplishing these ends, and the three great William H. Maxwell, City Superintendent of Schools services which the superintendent can render toward New York, N. Y. their accomplishment are, first, to aid in securing [Excerpts from a paper read before the Department education for all children ; second, to provide prop- of Superintendence, Atlanta, Ga., Feb. erly qualified teachers; and third, to create those 25, 1904.] conditions under which each teacher may do his best work. The primary objects of school administration are, first, to take the measures necessary to secure for In order to secure education for all children, to every child his natural and constitutional right to an the end that all may have equal opportunities for education that shall equalize for all, as far as educa- life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, legislation tion may, ay, the opportunities for life, liberty, and th is necessary to require all children to go to school, pursuit of happiness ; second, to provide properly to prevent children from being set to work while qualified teachers for our children; and third, to they ought to be playing and learning, and to curb create those conditions under which each teacher and punish the greed of parents and the greed of may do his best work. The chief instrument in ac- corporations, that would coin money out of the flesh complishing these objects is, or ought to be, the and blood of these little ones . school superintendent. In order to secure properly qualified teachers , Frequently we hear it said that the administrative the first essential condition is to establish a high rules which govern the work of a superintendent standard of scholarship and of professional train- in a large city do not apply, because of changed ing for entrance to the teaching profession. When, conditions, to a superintendent in a small city ; and in 1895, the law was enacted by the legislature of the that the methods of work in a small city or village state of New York that no one should be licensed must necessarily be very different from those used or appointed as a teacher in the public schools of in a large city. Such statements are only partially any city or village of the state who had not as a correct. True, the superintendent in a large city minimum qualification a high-school course of three is compelled to devote his time chiefly to administra- years and a professional course of one year, the tion, and sees comparatively little of the work in the most important step ever made in this country schools ; the superintendent in a small city has much to raise the standard of entrance to the teaching greater opportunities of coming in contact with profession was taken. Already in that state, through teachers and pupils. And yet, the difference is but the co-operation of the city and village superintend- a difference in detail. The superintendent in a large ents with the state superintendent, this minimum city should be both a schoolman and an adminis- has been raised to four years of high school work trator ; so should the superintendent in a small city. and two years of professional training. But we are Each, if he is to be instrumental in carrying out still far from ideal conditions. Our teachers have ideals of school administration, should be a school- not, even with these qualifications, that breadth of man and a man of affairs. The only difference is culture, that familiarity with our intellectual in- that in the small city or village the superintendent heritances, that insight into human affairs, which performs the work himself, by his own personal are necessary to enable them to discharge in the exertions ; in the large city the superintendent acts most stimulating and economical manner their through agents. The objects of public education are duties as teachers. The next step forward should the same in the Rocky Mountain village as they are be to require at least two years of purely college in the city of New York; in a hamlet of Mississippi work above and beyond the ordinary high-school as in the city of Chicago ; and these objects are to course. It may be said that many of our colleges bring the young of America, whether home-born and universities, through their chairs and depart- or foreign-born, into harmony with American civ- ments of education, are already providing such ilization, to put them into possession of their intel- teachers. But, in the first place, it may be observed lectual inheritance, to inculcate high ideals of life that there is no immediate prospect that the col- and of conduct, to develop power and skill, and to cultivate those virtues of reverence, courage, and leges and universities will be able to supply any- devotion to duty, without which the citizen cannot thing like the number of teachers required. In the succeed and the republic cannot endure. These are second place, experience does not pronounce an un- the chief objects for which the public schools have qualifiedly favorable judgment on the elementary- school work of the college graduate. When he 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. enters on actual work, he is a pure theorist. He building comparable to that caused by the erection knows little or nothing about practice. He is like of buildings in unsuitable places. the physician who should commence to practice medicine after listening to courses of lectures and (c) Schoolhouses should be not only properly reading a few text-books, without having attended heated, lighted and ventilated, but properly fur- a clinic or tried his nerve and skill in a hospital. nished and equipped. Much progress has been made What is needed is not college men who have taken in these respects. Good high schools are now bet- pedagogical courses as part of their work for the ter equipped with laboratories than the colleges A. B. degree, but college men and women who have were twenty years ago. The old school benches laid broad and deep their foundations of culture, and have given way to the separate seat and desk; which then devoted all their energies for not less than two in the near future will, I trust, disappear in favor years to learning, through study, observation, and of furniture better adapted to the needs of modern practice, how to teach. education. I venture to say that ten years from now we shall be surprised that we ever allowed fur- The second condition for obtaining properly qual- niture to remain in our elementary schools, which is ified teachers is some method of appointment and simply an obstacle in the way of every school activ- promotion under which the teacher's self- respect ity except reading and writing. The school furni- shall be maintained, and under which no influence- ture of the future will subserve many different pur- not social influence, not religious, not political-ex- poses-scientific experiment and observation, car- cept that of merit, shall prevail. How can we ex- pentry, drawing, modeling, and the other forms of pect to attract to the teaching profession ladies and manual training that have found their place as gentlemen of culture and refinement, if, in order to essentials in the elementary curriculum, alongside of obtain an opportunity for the exercise of their tal- work in the ordinary branches. Here again, in ents, they are compelled to beg the favor of poli- every respect except the making of contracts, the ticians or humble themselves in the dust before superintendent's voice should make itself felt. a little brief authority ? How can we expect II . Adequate Remuneration for Teachers. teachers to inculcate by precept and example the duties of reverence, courage, and devotion to The last report of the Commissioner of Education duty, if they are constrained to despise them- shows that the average salary of men teachers in selves for the methods by which they obtained their the United States is $49.05 a month and of women appointments ? * teachers $39.77 a month, while nearly one-half the * * * * * * teachers in the country change their posi- Suppose an adequate supply of properly qualified tions every year, owing to the widely preva- teachers, what conditions shall the superintendent lent plan of appointing teachers for but a seek to establish to the end that each teacher may be single year. Are these conditions under which a teacher can do her best work ? Can he enabled to do his best work ? They may be classi- fied under four heads : ( 1 ) Proper school accom- always be cheerful and gentle when chill penury modations ; ( 2 ) adequate remuneration for teach- freezes the genial current of his soul and prevents ers ; (3) the assignment of each teacher to that his undertaking any sustained measures of self-im- work which he can do best ; (4) the development provement ? I submit that it is one of the first of a code of professional ethics that shall be binding duties of a superintendent to secure adequate re- on all members of the teaching and supervising muneration for the teachers under his supervision. force. A few words upon each of these topics. Under this term I include a living wage increasing with years of experience, permanent tenure of office I. Proper School Accommodations . after a probationary term and during efficiency, and a pension when old age or infirmities render the (a) Schoolhouses should be sufficiently large teacher no longer fit for active service. I am not and sufficiently numerous to provide accommoda- pleading for luxury or wealth for the teacher. Lux- tions for all of the children of the community, dis- ury and wealth have no place among his ambitions . tributed in classes of moderate size. Our aim The teacher's way of life should always be frugal; should be to reduce the number of pupils to a teach- but it should be the way of life of the cultured lady er until a point is reached at which no teacher or gentleman. If he is to fulfil his mission, he must shall be required to teach more than thirty pupils at travel, he must study, he must mingle in refined one time. Those who know the conditions in New society ; and these things he cannot do on forty York and Boston and Chicago may regard this as a dollars a month. counsel of perfection. It is, however, a perfectly feasible aim, and will be attained in a few years if III. The Assignment of Each Teacher to That Work the superintendents of the country unite in de- Which He Can Do Best. manding it. As there is no source of economic weakness so (b) Schoolhouses should be SO distributed great as setting men to work for which they have throughout the community as to afford convenient no fitness , so there is no more fruitful cause of opportunity to all the children of the neighborhood waste in the schoolroom than setting teachers to to go to school. The importunities of real estate work for which they have no adaptability ; as, for speculators, and the opposition of rich and socially instance, requiring a teacher whose taste runs to exclusive communities, are as much to be dreaded language and literature to teach mathematics ; or a and as much to be opposed in the location of school- teacher who has no ear for music to teach singing. houses as is the interference of politicians in the The assignment to duty should, therefore, always conduct of the schools. While the superintendent be made by an expert an expert not merely in should have no direct voice in purchasing a school school-work, but in human nature. To do this site, his judgment should be potential in its selec- work, or to see that it is done right, is one of the tion. There is no extravagance or waste in school- chief duties of a superintendent. CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 3 IV. The Development of a Code of Ethics That Shall Be The Board of Education has thought it fitting to Binding on All Teachers . honor the memory of Col. Parker by setting apart a Such a code will transcend legal enactments and place for a memorial in the rotunda of the new school-board ordinances. It will be binding upon all building. A Memorial Committee, composed of rep- teachers solely by reason of their own sense of resentatives of various organizations of which Col. honor. Such a code will forbid the teacher's appeal Parker was formerly a member and other organiza- to any social, religious, or political influence to se- tions whose aim is the improvement of educational cure appointment or promotion. Such a code will conditions, has been formed for the purpose of enjoin never-ending preparation for life-work, raising a memorial fund to the end that there be gentleness toward all children as becomes the erected in the place provided a life-size bronze "under-shepherds of the Lord's little ones," and statue of the great leader. that optimism which, through the mist of opposition Since the influence of Francis W. Parker is not and the obscurity of apparent failure, discerns the confined to any one section, nor, indeed, to our uplifting of humanity through the genius of uni- country alone, it is believed that an opportunity to versal education . contribute to the memorial fund should be extended Such are the conditions under which a teacher to teachers, pupils, and friends of education may do his best work-properly located and throughout the land. It is an omen of happy import equipped schoolhouses, adequate remuneration, as- that Dr. J. B. Zubiaur, the Horace Mann of South signment to the work for which he is adapted by America, visited the school a few weeks after Col. natural aptitude and by training, and a code of pro- Parker passed away, and, anticipating this move- fessional ethics that shall regulate all his profes- ment, left a contribution of ten dollars. sional conduct. If this work of the Francis W. Parker Memorial What are the means by which a superintendent Fund Committee meets with your approval, it is may bring about, or aid in bringing about, these hoped that you will assist with a financial contri- conditions ? I answer, all means which an honor- bution. ableman of affairs may employ. The time has gone ORVILLE T. BRIGHT, Chairman , by when a superintendent may confine his efforts to 6515 Harvard av., Chicago, Ill. the class-room, his office, and his study. He must MISS SARAH E. GRISWOLD, Treas., work with his board of education, if that is in any Chicago Normal School. way possible ; against it, should that course unfor- 68th st and Stewart av., Chicago, III, tunately be necessary. Through conferences, public Cook County Normal School. and private, and by taking the leading members Alumni Association . of the teaching force into his confidence, he must Helen M. Hefferan, Sarah E. Griswold, George secure the co-operation of his principals and teach- W. Fitz. ers. By his own written and spoken word, by in- Chicago Normal School. citing others to write and speak, and by encouraging Melva Latham . local school exhibitions, he must strive to enlighten Francis W. Parker School. public sentiment and secure its support for progress in the schools. And, lastly, he must unite with his Flora J. Cooke. Chicago Principals' Association . brother-superintendents to secure necessary legis- Orville T. Bright, James E. Armstrong, William lation for the protection of the schools from the baneful influences of politics; legislation to insure M. Giffin, Florence Holbrook, Kate Starr Kellogg, a steady supply of funds, not dependent upon the Albert G. Lane, Fulton B. Ormsby. School of Education, University of Chicago. will of local authorities, and increasing automatical- ly as population increases, so that the best energies Wilbur S. Jackman . Northern Illinois Teachers' Association. of the teachers may not be diverted nor progress arrested by the whims and caprice of local poli- Alfred Bayliss, John W. Cook, W. H. Hatch. Illinois State Teachers' Association. ticians ; and, lastly, legislation to protect all chil- dren in their God-given right to an education. In David Felmley, Livingston C. Lord, Daniel B. a word, the superintendent should be, not merely a Parkinson . schoolmaster, but a statesman who has a definite Chicago Teachers' Federation. policy to carry out, and who knows how to take Louie L. Kilbourn, Caroline Lynch, Mary V. advantage of time and opportunity to secure results. Synon. Defeat he may often suffer, but he will never be cast down. If his cause is just and his motives are pure, A Frenchman, paying his first visit to London, and if he has the perseverance as well as the far- was walking with an English friend through Hyde sightedness of the true statesman, success will Park on a foggy morning. "Fog ! Ha, ha, mon eventually crown his efforts. fren'," ejaculated the Frenchman, "now I under- FRANCIS W. PARKER ME- stand vot you mean ven you say zat ze sun it nevaire THE COLONEL MORIAL FUND . set on ze English dominion. Ma foi, it does not rise !" The Board of Education of the city of Chicago has erected a splendid building to be devoted to the training of teachers. This structure stands on the "I don't like to say such long prayers," said a spot once occupied by the Cook County Normal little girl the other night. " I want to say nice short School. It was here that Colonel Francis W: ones, like nursey does." Parker labored so earnestly for eighteen years for "What kind does nursey say ?" inquired her mother. the welfare of children throughout the country by seeking to instruct and inspire those who were to "Oh, she just says : 'Oh, Lord, why do I have to become their teachers . get up!' "-Philadelphia Public Ledger. 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION THE ERICKSON BILL. BULLETIN The Erickson bill in one form or another has Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, been before the state legislature every session since Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, December 23, 1901. 1899, when it first appeared as the Harper bill. In 1901 it was known as the Civic Federation bill, in THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of 1903 as the Civic Federation and Board of Edu- April andDecember, by the Chicago Teachers ' Federation. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single cation bill. This year, the member of the legisla- copies , Five Cents. ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received ture who introduced the bill in 1903 at the request by Tuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to of the Board of Education reintroduced the same the order of the Federation Bulletin. bill on nobody's request, simply because there THE EDITOR , 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO . seemed to be no popular demand for such legisla- Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. tion in Chicago . The special committee of the Board of Educa- HAVE TEACHERS ANY INHERENT RIGHTS? tion, which had been industriously at work for sev- eral weeks on a proposed amendment to the school For some time a committee of the New York law, presented its report March 1. This report, city board of superintendents has been worrying after considerable discussion and some amendment, over a number of serious charges brought against was finally laid on the table at the meeting of the principal of one of the high schools. The line March 18. of action to be pursued is plain, and there ought Almost immediately after this action the Erick- to be no doubt as to the outcome. But the ques- son bill suddenly revived and a sub-committee of tion involved in the trial is a larger one than the the Committee on Education of the legislature vis- purely personal and local questions would make it ited Chicago for the purpose of hearing opinions appear. Teachers, firemen, and policemen seem of persons interested. The sub-committee met in to be the only people under a supposedly demo- the office of Representative Alonzo Wilson, and cratic regime who are denied trial by a jury of after a lengthy session adjourned to meet at the their peers. This peculiar condition of affairs rooms of the Board of Education, about ten days ought to engage public thought. At any rate, the later. At the first meeting of the sub-committee teachers should take the matter in hand to secure three members of the Board of Education were pres- for themselves the common rights of a citizen of ent, Mrs. Keough, Mr. Thompson and Rev. Mr. this country. White. At the adjourned session of the meeting Some wholesome lessons may be derived from nine members of the Board of Education were pres- military usage. If discipline is severe anywhere, it is in the army. Yet here the individual subor- ent, Mrs. Keough, Rev. Mr. White, Mr. Thompson, dinate officer is accorded more respect than is the Mr. O'Ryan, Mr. Duddleston, Dr. Weil, Dr. Dud- officer in charge of a school-room. A court mar- ley, President Mark and Rabbi Stolz. Four of these tial's findings are final, as a rule. The superior members were in favor of the bill with some mod- officers are quite content to trust the judgment of such an organization. Trial by a jury of one's ifications ; five were opposed. At the meeting of the peers is a fundamental privilege. Are teachers Board Wednesday, April 12, no action was taken, to be deprived of it ? but judging by its past action in regard to its own In New York City, as in most other cities, pater- bill, as prepared by its own special committee, had nalism has been carried to an extreme in the edu- cational system. Laws are imposed from above. any action been taken it would have been unfavor- able. Reports which cannot be of earthly use to any one are required. Changes in the course of study We have taken the trouble to inquire as to what are made, or refused, as the case may be, by the the sentiment is in Mr. Erickson's own district, rulers. Details of management are prescribed. the Twenty-ninth, and are told frankly that the Original effort is discouraged. Individual judg- people in that district know nothing of it, that Mr. ment is crushed. "The system" rules supreme. Erickson is pushing the bill on his own respon- For this there may have been an excuse-though sibility. we doubt it when teachers were appointed chiefly In view of the "unrest" existing among the mem- because they "needed the job." But with the class bers of the teaching force and the plainly expressed of teachers now at work even this pretense of an doubts evidenced by the Board of Education as excuse looks flimsy. to the wisdom of some of the rules which it is Every school should represent a self-governing sought by this bill to fasten upon the school sys- organism. Where this is not the case, there must tem by legislative enactment, and particularly in necessarily be irritation and conflict and conse- view of the fact that the people of this city have quent waste of energy. In America let us live in an repeatedly expressed themselves in favor of more American atmosphere. The school as the nursery rather than less self-government, this pushing of a of American ideals and aspirations should be the measure which means "autocracy" in its most pro- best type of a self-governing institution.-School nounced form is very ill-advised. Journal. CATHARINE GOGGIN . CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 5 NORWAY AND SWEDEN. one sovereign, but they are not one people. In- voluntary fraternity is a very weak tie and one So much excitement prevails throughout the civ- must expect something less than complete harmony. ilized world over the Russo-Japanese war and the The matter of separation has been often discussed disturbances in Russia itself, that little is heard con- in Norway, but it has always been opposed by Swe- cerning the less sanguinary but very momentous up- den, and even in her own Storthing has had its heaval in Norway. The Union question-Union- strong opponents. The Norwegian people, although sagen-is not a new one, but recent events have eminently peace-loving, are such extreme individ- caused it to assume greater proportions than ever ualists that it is difficult for them to unite on mat- before. ters of great moment. But a new impetus has been In order to understand the situation it is well to given to the question, and Norway has combined at recall that from the Middle Ages until 1814 Norway last against her neighbor. and Denmark were united. At this date ( 1814) , The king has abdicated in favor of his son, osten- Denmark being involved in wars, the national feel- sibly on the plea of age and failing health, but it is ing already existing in Norway augmented and she believed that the prospect of dismemberment was freed herself, formed a constitution and became a one that he did not wish to face, preferring to leave republic. But during the ensuing year Sweden lost it to younger men and minds. It would seem that Finland to Russia and bethought herself of the dan- Norway having entered into this union "voluntarily ger from antagonists on each frontier and of the and spontaneously," could as readily dissolve the benefits likely to accrue from an alliance with Nor- partnership. But this is not the case. The young way. Negotiations followed and treaties were prince is ambitious and would found a great Scan- drawn up between Sweden and Denmark, to the dinavian empire ; he would also have the strength end that Norway should be compelled to unite with of Norwegian arms in case of troubles from the Sweden. But Norway refused to recognize a treaty Russian frontier, of which there is always a pos- that should dispose of an entire country without sibility. the consent of that country herself, and war was But Norway, on the other hand, having so long the consequence. virtually conducted her own affairs, feels herself But in time a conference was held between the quite capable of doing so entirely. In case of war National Assembly in Norway and the Rigsdag in she is thoroughly prepared, and, judging by her Stockholm, at which an agreement was reached as friendly relations with other European countries, is to the new constitution and the conditions upon not likely to suffer for allies. Her people are un- which the king should be recognized in Norway. usually independent and liberty-loving, and they Then, and not till then, did she proclaim Carl Johan wear the galling yoke under protest. The independ- as King Carl XIII of Norway and Sweden. This ent papers, chief among which is Verdens Gang, proclamation was issued "in terms that intimated are full of the controversy from day to day. Nor- that the new king based his rights upon the spon- way is stirred from North Cape to Lindesnaes, and taneous and unanimous choice of the Norwegian her men of thought are keenly alive to the affair. people, and not upon any previous treaties in which She does not possess the American politician type, the Norwegians themselves had had no part." so that the cause is espoused by Storthings men and Under this new agreement Norway became " a authors and business men alike. Such men as free, independent, indivisible and inalienable king- Bjornson and Nansen are in the front rank and dom, united with Sweden under one king." voice the popular opinion. The latest development is an appointment of a "The constitution of the two countries, each of committee to consider and shape the course of ac- which rests upon its own fundamental laws, differ tion, and it is sincerely to be hoped that the matter greatly from one another in a number of important may be concluded peaceably, and that Norway may points." reach the "ultima thule" of national liberty.-Mary "The ordinary legislation of the two countries is Heath Lee, in The Public. wholly distinct, and in principles it is, in many re- spects, fundamentally different." All important state institutions are separate ; min- SOME GOOD REASONS WHY WOMEN SHOULD istry and government offices, courts of justice, cus- VOTE. toms and finances . Mr. Will Crooks, M. P., has introduced a bill This in brief is the relation of the two countries in the English Parliament giving women the right to each other; the king spends a small part of each to vote at all parliamentary elections. year in Christiana, and is the nominal head of the In giving his reasons for the support of this government, although it can readily be seen that bill he says: the Norwegian Storthing is a highly independent "In all my work I aim at making the people self- body and conducts the affairs of the kingdom very reliant, able to think and act for themselves. There- much to its own liking. The bond has never been fore I want the women to have the power and re- very close and its strength has been severely tested sponsibility which the possession of the vote gives. upon several occasions. It is by this rather than by any consideration of The great point at issue has been the matter of how their votes will be used that I am moved to foreign representation--Konsulatsagen. Norway demand the enfranchisement of women . At the has felt the justice of being represented abroad by same time I believe that the cause of progress has her own men, but this has never been granted. It nothing to fear from the reform in question. We is easy to see that it requires a man of exceptional entrust to women, as teachers and as mothers, the nobility and a strong sense of justice to represent all-important work of educating the future citizens . the interests of the two countries, even though those How absurd, then, to hesitate to give to those same countries be ruled by one king. They may have women the rights of a citizen. " 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. PILE BURDENS ON THE MAN WHO WON'T PHILADELPHIA'S OPPORTUNITY . VOTE . Philadelphia is just beginning to supply itself with Financial affairs would be in a pretty tangle if new charter provisions that will do away with the neglected as business men neglect their duty on cumbersome and self-condemned system which has election day. Thirty thousand and more stay-at- dragged the schools into spoils politics and fostered homes on an occasion when municipal officers are corruption. But while the reform measure is in- chosen ! What a record that is and how it makes finitely better than the organization it will supplant the doubters of the efficacy of universal suffrage and while its superiority in important aspects over sniffle with scorn . Doubtless in this number were the New York City system must be acknowledged, directors of banks, railroads and other corporations it is still below what it might be. Leading a more and members of firms engaging in large transac- contemplative existence than either New York or tions. Would they remain absent from the office if St. Louis, Philadelphia should have taken advan- a change were about to take place in the entire per- tage of the experiences of both. A central board of sonnel of the establishment ? Hardly. Yet when education composed of seven members would prove the time comes to choose new governing bodies in far more satisfactory in the long run than the pro- the greatest of all corporations and one in which posed body of twenty-one. Election at large would every man of sound mind is a stockholder, over 20 have been better than appointment by a board of per cent of those who are entitled to a voice in di- judges. To entrust the sectional school boards of recting the metamorphosis fail to take the trouble twelve members elected by wards with the ap- incident to expressing a desire. pointment of janitors in the bill now ready for He is the curse of this republic to-day-the man legislative enactment is excellent. It is to be hoped who fails to vote. He is the opportunity of the that amendments will be made reducing the size of boodler, the graftsman and the political boss . the board and placing the appointment of janitors in And there seems to be but one remedy. Make charge of the superintendent of buildings, where it so troublesome for the man who fails to enjoy it belongs. The method of selecting the central his suffrage that he be compelled to cast a ballot board cannot well be revised without endangering as the lesser of two evils. Enact a law making it the passage of the much needed reform bill. a misdemeanor for those who fail to register and Philadelphia has already made a beginning in accept as an excuse only an affidavit, sworn to be- raising the salaries of teachers to something like fore a notary, and setting forth that sickness or a respectable basis, although there is not yet ade- business affairs prevents appearance in the registra- quate encouragement given to the promotion of tion precinct : then enact a second law, of similar professional efficiency. Not the least of the many nature, pertaining to voters who have registered. good features of the new charter provisions is the The bother of locating a notary and securing the de- establishment of a teachers ' retirement fund. This sired papers will prove greater than the bother ought to help to keep good material in the system. of visiting the polls, and then conditions will have -School Journal . been changed. Wetmore's Weekly. ASBURY PARK AND THE N. Ε. Α. DEATHS AMONG TEACHERS . We had intended to print in this issue a proposed 1904-1905. itinerary of the trip to Asbury Park and Ocean Grove, but owing to the unsettled state of railroad Up to the present time sixteen deaths have been rates this is deferred until our next issue, May 5th. reported at the Board rooms of members of the Next week, being vacation week, there will be no teaching force. Of this number, four were mem- issue of the BULLETIN . bers of the Mortuary Fund Department, namely, Miss Mary J. Doyle, of the McClellan School ; Mr. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION. Dean F. Smith, of the Linné School ; Miss Theresa Falahee, of the Webster School, and Mr. Corydon The adjourned annual session and the regular G. Stowell, principal of the Newberry School. meeting of the Chicago Teachers' Federation will The amount due the several beneficiaries has been be held at 412 Masonic Temple, May 13, 1905. paid and the assessment which is now in process Admission by membership card. of collection will remain in the treasurer's hands until the next death. The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teachers' Federation will meet Tuesday, May 2, 1905, at The unregistered certificates are being slowly 4 p. m., in Room 437, Unity Bldg. sent in and it is hoped that the forty-five which are FLORENCE E. TENNERRY, still out will be returned before the close of the Cor. Secretary. year. Members who wish to pay their assessments or Loans to Teachers DY Teacher A annual dues in advance can now do so, as the If N. E. A. half-rates to New York, and cut Steam necessary arrangements for receiving them have Ship rates to Europe attract you, pull the latchstring been made. which is always out. April 19, 1905. L. A. care FEDERATION BULLETIN, CATHARINE GOGGIN , 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO, ILL . Fin. Sec. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 7 PIANO BUYERS Find Strong Temptation -NI- April Sale -OF- The Manufacturers Annual Clearing at the Kimball Warerooms Means Much for Enrichment of the Home Life. Extraordinary piano buying continues at the Manufacturers' Warerooms 243 Wabash Ave., S. W. Cor. Jackson Blvd. Besides being a powerful appeal to the money-saving motive, this sale includes many instruments of the highest type of the piano maker's art. Kimball pianos are the product of a home factory. For years their praises have been sung by the world's masters in music. They are within reach of the purchaser of limited means, for they go directly from the great Kimball factories to the home. Unlimited resources of the producers enable them to give the purchaser possession of the instrument while making payment; hence the wisdom of many purchasers anticipating their wants by several months, for rarely do conditions bring such mighty inducements. APRIL ONLY New Eastern Piano and Kimball Piano Player, regular price ........ $445 20 Rolls of Music, for operating the player ........ ........... 20 Total ..... $465 Special Offer, complete.. $275 Easy Payments if Desired W. W. KIMBALL CO . (ESTABLISHED 1857) Southwest Corner of Wabash Ave. and Jackson Blvd. 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. Everybody's Magazine Out for April MR. LAWSON WRITES : " I start this month on the actual Crimes of Amalgamated. I give names, times, places in detail. "No Wall Street man or investor can afford to miss the UTAH COPPER BUNCO GAME. How Samuel Untermeyer, Esq. , Clark, Ward & Co. and ENGLISH INVESTORS WERE SWINDLED. "The Munroe & Munroe City Bank Flimflamming of two profes- sional gamblers. How one of the Big Three Insurance Companies sold their stocks for $5,839,000.87 and made sworn statements to the Insurance Departments that the same was $3,075,392 . " I describe the Insurance trick of 'New business. ' "I make my first apology to those I have flayed, to ROGER FOS- TER, ESQ. I answer critics from Georgia, New York, Kansas, Tacoma, Boston and Philadelphia straight from the shoulder, calling spades black spades. "If there is any liquid blood left in the nation, it should boil. RECORD me it will. "Garfield reports to ROOSEVELT : 'BEEF TRUST ALL RIGHT . ' "If the AMERICAN people, with this latest insult to their intelli- gence and with RUSSELL'S facts in their hands, don't put another nail in the ' System's' coffin, I miss my guess." IN MR. RUSSELL'S ARTICLE: In the April number a picture is given of sixteen great railroad pres- idents, terrorized by the Beef Trust, sneaking into a NEW YORK CLUB to rebel in concert against the TRUST'S gorging methods. " THE EXPERIENCES OF A NURSERY GOVERNESS, " the many stories and other striking features will interest every woman. FOR SALE ON ALL NEWS STANDS. Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin Vol. IV. CHICAGO, MAY 5, 1905. No. 22. DEMAND OF LABOR UNIONS FOR THE "CLOSED of many justified such action. It is a matter of SHOP" IS JUSTIFIABLE . history that almost every united effort of workers for the last 150 years has been denounced by some Excerpts from Affirmative Arguments in Debate De- courts as criminal conspiracy or contrary to public livered by Two High School Boys in Chicago. policy-beautifully vague and catch-all phrases . Let us consider why labor unions regard the [The decision of the judges was unanimously in union shop as so vital to their cause : favor of the affirmative.] First. Under modern conditions of labor, unre- To avoid misunderstanding our question it is stricted competition of workmen with each other well at the start to define "closed shop" and note and of capitalists among themselves inevitably tends the circumstances under which it is usually estab- to bring wages down to the least a man can lished. A "closed shop" is one in which by agree- exist on. ment only union men are employed. One writer Second. The chief influence which has counter- suggests that contract shop would be a better name acted this downward tendency of wages has been than "closed shop," since the closing of a shop to organization of labor and legislation which it has other than union men is not asked or granted secured. merely to enlarge the membership of the union, Third. The labor unions from the start have but as a means of safeguarding contracts between aimed to secure complete and effective "collective employers and employes. bargaining." When the laborers in a shop have become so Fourth. Such bargaining would tend to put labor thoroughly organized that the employer can no on a more equal footing with organized capital. longer ignore the union and deal with each man in- Fifth. This goal cannot be reached without the dividually, he finds it to his advantage to meet the union shop contract. representatives of the union in conference and make The tendency of wages to drop to a bare sub- a joint agreement for the benefit of both. Such a sistence under absolutely "free" competition is bargain is mutually advantageous. On the one known to economists as the "iron law of wages." hand the employes secure better wages, hours, and The factory system with its labor saving machinery conditions of labor than they could individually ob- tends to leave a margin of unemployed always tain. On the other hand, the employer protects forced to work for a low wage. Machinery enables himself against strikes, makes sure of skilled work- unskilled laborers to compete with the skilled men, and increases his sales by the use of the "union workmen. label." Evidently a contract of this sort and the mutual On the other hand, one mean, hard-hearted, or good will resulting from it are endangered if non- unscrupulous employer in order to get ahead of his unionists are to be allowed to enter the shop and fellows lowers the wages of his employes. The bargain directly with the employer. competing capitalists, even those more charitably in- clined, must follow suit or become bankrupt. If an employer insists on dealing with newcomers individually and without reference to the contract ; That " free" competition does drive wages down to in other words, if he insists on the "open shop," his a bare subsistence is abundantly proved by the wage sincerity in making the contract is naturally doubt- conditions which prevailed before labor unions or- ed. He is open to the suspicion of secret hostility ganized to protect the worker. It was not so long to the union. It is, therefore, to avoid distrust and ago that most of the coal of England was mined to take from the employer the temptation to destroy by women, some of whom were harnessed to coal the union by gradually displacing union with non- cars, deep down in the earth, and on their hands union men and to prevent non-union men from and knees drew cars of coal up from the darkness reaping where they have not sown, that a "union to the point where they were relieved by mules. shop" clause is frequently inserted in contracts be- Children as young as eight years worked with their tween employers and labor unions. fathers and mothers, and even now young children Our opponents have considerable to say about re- are pent up in the whir and din of cotton mills of cent court decisions declaring union shop contracts the South from 10 to 14 hours a day. illegal. But court decisions do not make actions Before the organization of the union among the morally right or wrong. Child labor and excessive garment workers of New York, a fearful condition interest are morally wrong though legal in many of sweat-shop slavery prevailed. A recent maga- states. Our laws once declared the aiding and har- zine article says : "It was not uncommon for work- boring of fugitive slaves illegal, yet the conscience ers to sit bent over a sewing machine 11 to 15 hours 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. a day, so driven they dared not stop for lunch and ‫دو‬ leads to extreme. When one side of a pair of scales all for a mere pittance of a wage. is depressed and then suddenly released the other This tendency to a minimum wage is counter- will go down just as far as the first one originally acted by the organization of labor . was up. Eventually, however, both ends will bal- Unions resist the downward tendency of wages ance, and neither will be higher than the other. So by substituting collective bargaining for individual labor unions learn to use their power of the union agreement. This is the fairest agreement that can or "closed shop" with justice and moderation. * * * * * * * be drawn between employer and workman , namely, one made by representatives from each side. These Does the non-union man persist in lowering the representatives agree on certain terms which must American standard of wages for the sake of prin- be respected by both parties for a specified time. ciple? I doubt it. After the non-union men were Instead of adjusting the difficulties in this amicable installed in the stock-yards with pay of $3 a day, way, some employers insist on the right of organiz- they struck three times and raised their wage to $5. ing for themselves, and fixing wages and conditions In New York last July the non-union stone-cutters of labor while denying these rights to the working- formed a union among themselves and forced wages men. They wish to deal with each man separately. higher up during the strike than the union strikers Why? had demanded before. How can a man bargain well or to his advantage * * * * * * * when there are scores of men ready to take his position for the same or lower wages than he re- Those who attempt to uphold the strike-breaker ceives ? Under the union shop the workers are able in combating the union shop on the principle of in- to act as a unit in making terms with the employer. dividual liberty, inalienable and unencroachable, * * * * * * * stand upon a very shaky foundation, for if one should be allowed to sell his labor wherever and In the open shop we have these three undesirable whenever and for what he pleases, then the Chinese features, scandalously low wages, "the open-back- exclusion act is wrong ; then the child labor laws door," and the blacklist. are wrong ; then the eight-hour day is wrong ; then It is evident that collective bargaining made effec- the laws against employing women in certain occu- tive and secure by the union shop brings about a pations are wrong. In short, every law which has fairer wage and better conditions . tended to alleviate the laborer's condition would be The open-back-door is used by certain employers thrown out on the doctrine of individual liberty as an exit for union men. The open shop employer construed by open shop advocates . employing both union and non-union men, retains Prof. John Graham Brooks has recently said: the right to discharge whom he wishes ; he de- "If with the 'closed shop' the union wins a wage prives the union men of their positions on slight of $2 a day and eight hours the laborer may well pretexts, but really because they are organized, and forego some aspects of personal freedom. Shall we retains the non-union men. After a time the shop say that the 'open shop' of the ' sweater,' with $1.25 becomes entirely a non-union one. An agreement is for the 12-hour day, is more desirable because the in force in the New York Metal Trades Associa- workers are in some respects more at liberty?" tion of Employers which permits a member to em- Since the non-union man does not belong to the ploy union men if he can get them for less than the union neither because of principle nor for heroism, rate stipulated. A fine bargain . let us find out by his procedure why he is non-union. Open shop employers rid themselves of the union There are many who do not belong to unions be- men in three different ways. Firstly by the open- cause the matter has not been brought before them. back-door, then by cutting down the rate of wages No criticism is made of them. We are now discuss- so that conscientious and skilled union men cannot ing the man who has the opportunity to join the work for them, and finally by blacklisting, which union of his trade and refuses. The dues of the needs no definition. union for sick members and their families take away In this way the union is gradually weakened and beer money. Why pay dues to the union, when by finally destroyed. If prejudiced employers could rid not paying he crawls into the favor of the open shop themselves of the union, we would see a revival of foreman and is promoted and given higher wages the old barbarous conditions of work which were at the expense of his fellows ? Ready to step into nigh unto slavery. the places of his comrades and profit thereby, he * * * * * * fawns and cringes to the hostile employer and be- Abraham Lincoln, whose heart always beat true trays union labor. He and his ilk are used by the to the common people and the general good, said, in employer like cattle and do not seem to have spirit one of his moments of prophetic vision, "The broth- to resent such treatment. * erhood of labor should be the strongest bond be- * * * * * * tween men. " The history of labor unions has To have order and justice in society everyone proved his saying true. must sacrifice some personal liberty. Absolute in- * * * * * * * dividual liberty means anarchy. It is only the short-sighted and bigoted employers The union worker, remembering the conditions of who can not see that the union shop is a benefit not two decades ago-the 15-hour day in a sweat shop, only to all workers, union and non-union, but to the the child and the woman laborer brought in to sup- capitalists as well. In the first place, the union shop plant him, the starvation wage-views with natural permits to employers the use of the union label, in apprehension the efforts of the non-union man to itself a great advantage, for those firms which use wrest from him the few advantages he has gained the union label are much more prosperous than with such difficulty through organization. Extreme those which do not. The union shop agreement re CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 3 strains ruinous and destructive wage competition BOARD OF EDUCATION. between the employers. When the open shop pre- vails the different managers seek to sell goods cheaper at the expense of the laborer, until he has Wednesday, April 25, 1905 . just enough to live on. This causes strikes, lock- The following recommendations were adopted : outs, and other difficulties, not to say anything of RESIGNATION OF TEACHERS ACCEPTED . the inferior quality of work turned out when there is friction between the employer and the worker. Lucy M. Chester, Montefiore School. Under the conditions of the union shop the em- Edith P. Dyer, Ravenswood School. ployer profits by the absence of strikes, by more Charlotte M. Gibbs, Jones School . ELECT TEACHER IN CHARGE OF EDGEWATER work from his employes as a whole and better work BRANCH OF GOUDY SCHOOL. by individual workmen, by less distraction of energy in continually watching the reductions in the wages That Helen B. Eastman be elected to the position of other shops, and by reliability and greater skill of teacher in charge of the Edgewater Branch of in his workmen . the Goudy School, in place of Harriet A. Eckhardt, * * * * * * * elected Principal of the Goudy School, to date from In many factories it is customary to speed up the May 1 , 1905. machines at double or triple speed and make the FORMER TEACHERS PLACED ON LIST FOR AP- workmen work harder and faster in order that the POINTMENT . expense of another machine and another laborer That the following named former teachers, who may be avoided. hold valid certificates, be placed on the list for ap- In cap factories employes are paid by the piece. pointment in accordance with the rules : Johannah An expert at the trade is set up as an example for B. Rollins, Ella J. Meissner, Carrie S. Armstrong, the rest and the wages regulated according to his Amy Warder. work. Under such conditions the strain and labor FIX SALARIES OF ALBERT MUELLER AND EDITH of trying to make as much as possible of a starva- M. BROGAN , TEACHERS IN THE JOHN WORTHY SCHOOL. tion wage materially reduce the lifetime of the workmen. *** New workmen can always be That the salary of Albert Mueller, teacher of the found to replace those who give out under the John Worthy School, be fixed at $100.00 per month, strain. to date from his transfer to that school ; and that The three great money-getting schemes, pace- the salary of Edith M. Brogan, recently assigned setting, speeding up the machinery, and regulating to the John Worthy School, be fixed at $85.00 per piece-work wages by expert ability, are always month, to diate from her assignment. glossed over by employers who croak against the TEACHERS PLACED ON UNASSIGNED LIST natural and proper decrease in production when such criminal tricks are removed by the union shop. Helen W. Boyden, Arnold School . If the employer is so anxious to give additional Elizabeth Gemmell, on list for appointment. incentive to the worker, he should consider the Carrie M. Olson, Montefiore School. union shop wage scale as the minimum not the Clara Rauch, Cameron School. maximum. Then if he finds any employe especially Elizabeth J. Schukraft, Bryant School. worthy of promotion let him raise his wage above Emma A. Stahlberg, Foster School. the union scale. Unfortunately such a thought Eva G. Wanzer, Gladstone School. ASSIGNMENT AND TRANSFER OF TEACHERS . never occurs to him except as a ridiculous fairy tale. TRANSFERS . Instead of raising the wages of the deserving, he is occupied in attempting to lower the general average Georgiana Austin, La Salle School to Thomas and in spouting about lack of incentive for work School. in the union shop. Esther Bergquist, Thorp School to Sullivan The union or "closed shop" is entirely different School. from the closed union, for it does not exclude any Herman Garrison, School for Apprentices to Ar- one from work as long as the union remains open nold School . to receive members. The "closed shop" simply se- Harriet M. Griggs, Goldsmith School to Ravens- cures for the workinen in that shop the American wood School . principle of the majority rule. Rachel Hargrove, Froebel School to Corkery We live in an age where political questions are School. becoming of secondary importance and the indus- Nellie A. Hempenius, Corkery School to Ham- trial question the prominent issue. We have thrown mond School . aside the old system of the political oppression of Hermine Mann, Bancroft School to Goudy the commons by the nobles, and we are now on School . the way to eradicate the oppression of the poor Nellie A. O'Brien, Jefferson School to Sumner by the powerful. But unlike political problems, the School. wage question cannot be settled by law, but must Anna J. Paterson, Montefiore School to Audu- be taken in hand by the laborers themselves . bon School . When the " iron law of wages " and the human in- Perry C. Patterson, School for Apprentices to clination of the employer to take advantage of the Froebel School . individual employes, and the possibility of sweat Florentine A. Philipp, Hammond School to Nash shop, and the pace-setter, and the 15-hour day, and School. the starvation wage shall have disappeared, then Mary C. Sillers, Pickard School to Brown School. and only then may it be possible for anyone to say S. Frances Tyler, Nettelhorst School to Belding that the union shop is unnecessary.-American School. Federationist. (Continued on page 5.) 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION Sect. 4. So much of any act as is inconsistent herewith is hereby repealed. BULLETIN Sect. 5. This act shall take effect upon its pas- Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, sage. Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, December 23, 1901. WARNING . THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of April and December, by the Chicago Teachers ' Federation. Killing Birds! THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single copies, Five Cents. All persons are warned that in carrying or using ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received slung- shots, bow-and-arrows, and firearms to kill by Tuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to the order of the Federation Bulletin. birds or for any other purpose they are breaking the law. THE EDITOR , 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO . Persons caught doing so will be prosecuted. Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. The fine for using or carrying slung-shots or other deadly weapons of a like character is not less than $25 nor more than $200. BOSTON SCHOOL BOARD . [ The Robert Morris Anti-Cruelty Society has had struck off a number of posters containing the above Governor Douglas Signs Bill for Its Reorganization. text. Any principal or teacher can have (free of charge except the expense of delivery) as many of Governor Douglas to-day signed the bill ( House these as there are rooms in his building to distribute No. 1166) to reorganize the School Committee of them among by sending for them. Address Flora the city of Boston. It provides for an elective Helm, Robert Morris School. ] board of five instead of twenty- four members . (Below follows text of Bill.) The twelfth annual meeting of the Western An Act to Reorganize the School Committee of Drawing and Manual Training Association was the City of Boston . held in Chicago, April 25-28, inclusive. The ses- Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Repre- sion was a most successful one, both as to program sentatives in General Court Assembled, and by the and attendance. It was voted to accept the invita- authority of the same, as follows : tion of President Harper to meet at the University Section 1. The School Committee of the city of of Chicago next year. The following officers were Boston shall hereafter consist of five members, to elected : be elected by such persons as shall be qualified to President, Florence E. Ellis Grand Rapids. vote for School Committee in said city ; but no per- Vice-President, Charles A. Bennett, Peoria. son shall be eligible for election to the committee Secretary, Mary E. Chamberlain, Saginaw. who is not an inhabitant of the city and has not Treasurer, Louis A. Bacon, Indianapolis. been a resident thereof for at least three years con- Auditor, J. E. Painter, Minneapolis. tinuously prior to the election. The school commit- Executive Committee : Lillian S. Cushman, Chi- tee shall serve without compensation, and their cago ; Frank A. Selden, Chicago; Charles S. Ham- terms of office shall begin with the beginning of mock, Cedar Falls, Wilhelmina Seegmiller, In- the municipal year following their election. At the dianapolis. ΕΜΜΑ MARCH, annual municipal election in the year 1905 two per- (Special Teacher of Drawing, Chicago Public Schools.) sons shall be elected as aforesaid, to hold office for Chairman Press Committee, W. D. & M. Τ. Α. three years, two for two years and one for one year ; and thereafter at each annual municipal elec- CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION. tion there shall be elected for the term of three years so many persons as may be necessary to fill The adjourned annual session and the regular the places of the member or members of said com- meeting of the Chicago Teachers' Federation will mittee whose term or terms are about to expire. be held at 412 Masonic Temple, May 13, 1905. Vacancies in said committee arising from death, Admission by membership card. resignation or otherwise shall be filled for the un- The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teachers' expired term at the next annual municipal election. Federation will meet Tuesday, May 16, 1905, at Sect. 2. Upon the organization of the school 4 p. m. , in Room 437, Unity Bldg. committee elected under and in accordance with the FLORENCE E. TENNERRY, Cor. Secretary. provisions of this act, the terms of office of the members of the present school committee of the city Note change of address of Federation office in of Boston shall immediately terminate, and said next week's issue. members shall cease to exercise any authority un- der chapter fifty-three of the acts of the year 1877, ASBURY PARK AND OCEAN GROVE . and acts in amendment thereof and in addition thereto. In our next number we intend to print proposed itineraries of the various railroads reaching As- Sect. 3. The school committee elected under and bury Park and the N. E. Α. in accordance with the provisions of this act shall be the lawful successors of the present school com- "What did you discuss at your literary club this mittee, and shall be entitled to all the powers and afternoon, dear ?" asked the husband, in the evening. privileges conferred, and subject to the duties and " Let me see, " murmured his wife. "Oh, yes, I obligations imposed by chapter fifty-three of the remember now. Why, we discussed that woman acts of the year 1877, and acts in amendment there- who recently moved into the house across the street, of and in addition thereto. and Longfellow. "-Exchange. CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 5 (Continued from page 3.) schools shall forfeit one dollar and fifty cents ASSIGNMENTS . ($1.50) for each day's absence. A teacher or prin- Anna Foreman to Bowmanville School . cipal in the high schools shall forfeit two dollars Rose Kearney to Foster School . ($2.00) for each day of such absence. No deduc- Rose B. Leal to Logan School. tions of salaries of teachers shall be made when Margaret E. Maher to Pickard School . such teachers are required to be absent on account Helen A. McGarr to Jefferson School. of exposure to contagious disease or to attend the Katherine B. Millen to Cameron School . Juvenile Court or any other Court in the adminis- Alice C. Mullens to Walsh School. tration of school matters . On the death of a teach- Alice O'Connor to Montefiore School. er a delegation of three teachers, including the Ellen C. O'Malley to Washington School. principal, may be permitted to attend the funeral Lucy R. Smith to Holmes School. during school hours without loss of salary. In Arloine M. Walton to Crerar School. case of the death of a principal, the Superintendent KINDERGARTEN ASSIGNMENTS . of Schools with the approval of the President of Mabel Hallock to Prescott School. the Board of Education, may dismiss the school REPORT MARRIAGE OF TEACHER . during the session when the funeral services are held and may grant permission for other principals Pickard School, name before marriage, Rose to be absent from the school to attend the funeral Kanter ; name after marriage, Goldberg. Date of services. Compensation shall cease after an ab- marriage, July 28, 1904. sence of two weeks ; and where teachers are absent SALARIES ON ACCOUNT OF RELIGIOUS HOLIDAYS . for nearly two weeks, and then return to their That the Jewish teachers in the public schools, be school temporarily and for the apparent purpose allowed their salary, less substitute's pay, for Thurs- of avoiding the effect of two weeks' continuous ab- day, April 20, 1905 ; also that the same action be sence, and thereafter absent themselves again, the taken with reference to the religious holiday of Sep- entire period of such absence shall be treated as tember 19, 1905. continuous. No teacher shall receive pay for ab- RESCIND RESOLUTION THAT EMPLOYES PAY sence occurring at the commencement of a school THEIR DEBTS , AND COMMITTEE CONSIDER year.'" EACH CASE ON ITS OWN MERITS . SUBSTITUTE WOODEN FLOORS IN KINDERGARTEN ROOMS . That the following resolutions adopted by the Board at its regular meeting held June 24, 1903, That it is in receipt of a communication from page 645, be rescinded : Supt. Cooley stating that after some investigation "Resolved, That it is the sense of this Board, that and consultation with his assistants, he has come to all school employes should pay their judgment the conclusion that the material that has been used debts, and that upon failure to do so the President for kindergarten floors is unsuitable for such use ; of the Board be instructed to suspend all such busi- that it is cold, and children who have been obliged ness employes, and that the Superintendent of to sit on it have been seriously inconvenienced, and Schools be, and he is hereby instructed to suspend that numerous cases of cold and grippe have arisen all teachers who fail to do so and report the same growing out of the use of this floor for kindergar- to the Committee on School Management for im- ten purposes and recommending that no more such mediate dismissal." floors be put in but that in place of it a good wood- That every claim and judgment against teachers en floor be substituted. or principals be referred to the Committee on School Management and it will consider every ASSIGNMENTS AND SEPARATIONS OF ENGINEERS , ETC. case on its own merit as submitted. Assignments. AMEND SECTION 227 OF THE RULES AND REGULA- TIONS . Frederick Sykes, Book-keeper and Stenograph- That the schedule of salaries for teachers in the er, Parental School. Salary $80.00 per month. elementary schools be amended as follows to con- Temporary Assignments . form to a practice of long standing : Albert W. Mahone, Clerk and Stenographer in Section 227a-Extra Salary Allowed for Teach- the Business Manager's Department. er in Charge of Half Day Division—“Whenever Separations . teachers or substitutes serve alone in half-day di- visions during an extra hour at noon, they shall be Albert W. Mahone, temporary Stenographer , paid fifty cents per day for such service." Board's Charter Committee. REPEAL SECTION 236 OF RULES AND REGULA- Frank Dunlap, Substitute Engineer, Hartigan TIONS RELATING TO SALARIES OF TEACHERS School. AND ADOPT THE FOLLOWING IN LIEU Reinstatements. THEREOF . "The Superintendent of Schools respectfully Thomas Mahoney, Engineer Hartigan School. recommends that Section 236 of the Rules relating AWARD OF CONTRACT FOR FURNISHING AND IN- to the salaries of teachers during absence, be re- STALLING GAS ARC LAMPS IN CLASS ROOMS AT THE JONES SCHOOL. pealed and the following adopted in lieu thereof : "Salary During Absence-All teachers when ab- That it is in receipt of bids for furnishing and in- sent from school shall forfeit their salary during the stalling gas arc lamps in ten class rooms and corri- continuance of such absence except when the ab- dors at the Jones School in order to properly light sence is occasioned by the sickness of the teacher, said building, and recommends the award of con- or by the death of some near relative. In such tract to the Welsbach Co. for the sum of $ 119.00, cases a teacher or principal in the elementary it being the lowest bidder. 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 2. NATIONAL EDUCATIONAL ASSOCIATION The Nation's Educational Purpose-Andrew S. Draper, state commsisioner of education for New At Asbury Park and Ocean Grove, New Jersey , York, Albany, N. Y. July 3-7 , 1905 . 3. American Idealism-Edwin A. Alderman, GENERAL HEADQUARTERS . president of the University of Virginia, Charlottes- The headquarters of the National Executive Com- ville, Va. mittee, the Board of Trustees, and the officers of Discussion led by Livingston C. Lord, president departments will be at the Coleman House. of the Eastern Illinois State Normal School, Because of the limited accommodations at the Charleston, Ill.; James A. Foshay, superintendent general headquarters most of the state headquar- of schools, Los Angeles, Cal . ters, so far as located, are distributed among the Wednesday Evening, July 5 . surrounding hotels, as follows : STATE HEADQUARTERS . 1. Topic: Child Labor and Compulsory Edu- cation. California .Sunset Hall Florida West End Hotel (a) The School Aspect-George H. Martin, Illinois Coleman House secretary of State Board of Education for Massa- Indiana The Brunswick chusetts, Boston, Mass. Iowa The Bristol (b) The Social and Legal Aspect-Franklin H. Kansas The Brunswick Giddings, professor of sociology, Columbia Univer- Michigan The Brunswick sity, New York City. Minnesota Coleman House 2. The Immigrant Child-Miss Julia Richman, Missouri Plaza Hotel district superintendent of schools, New York City. Nebraska Coleman House Discussion led by George H. Conley, superin- New Jersey West End Hotel tendent of schools, Boston, Mass.; William M. Sla- New England States. Plaza Hotel ton, principal of Boys' High School, Atlanta, Ga. New York Coleman House Thursday Evening, July 6 . New York City Ocean Hotel Minot House I. Manual Training in the Grades-Lorenzo D. Ohio Oklahoma The Lafayette Harvey, superintendent of schools, Menominee, Wis. Pennsylvania The Victoria South Dakota Ocean Hotel 2. The Practical Utility of Manual and Tech- Wisconsin Metropolitan nical Training-William Barclay Parsons, former Wyoming Coleman House chief engineer, New York City Rapid Transit Com- OFFICIAL PROGRAM. mission, New York. 3. The Economic Importance of Trade Schools The annual meeting of the Board of Directors -Frank A. Vanderlip, vice-president of National will occur on Monday, July 3, at 3:30 p. m. City Bank, New York City. The meetings of active members of the several Discussion led by Andrew B. Blodgett, superin- states to nominate candidates for appointment on tendent of schools, Syracuse, N. Y.; J. M. H. Fred- the Committee on Nominations, in accordance with erick, superintendent of schools, Lakewood, O. By-Law No. 1, will occur at 5:30 p. m., July 3, at Friday Afternoon, July 7 . their respective state headquarters or at places named in the official program. 1. Address-By the President of the United The annual meeting of active members for the States. election of officers, and for other business, will oc- 2. Response-John R. Kirk, president of the cur at 12 m. , Thursday, July 6. State Normal School, Kirksville, Mo.; Katherine D. Blake, principal of Public School No. 6, New York GENERAL SESSION . City. All General Sessions will be held in the Ocean 3. Report of the Committee on Resolutions by Grove Auditorium . the Chairman-Eliphalet Oram Lyte, principal of Monday Evening, July 3 . First Pennsylvania State Normal School, Millers- Address of Welcome-Hon. Edward C. Stokes ville, Pa. Governor of New Jersey. Music. Response-Albert G. Lane, former President of The music at the General Sessions will be under the National Educational Association at Asbury Park Convention, July, 1894. the direction of Mr. Tali Esen Morgan, director of I. President's Address-William H. Maxwell, music, Ocean Grove, N. J. It will be furnished by city superintendent of schools New York City. the Ocean Grove Festival Chorus and by the 2. The Future of Teachers ' Salaries- W . T. Ocean Grove Festival Orchestra, under the Harris, United States Commissioner of Education. leadership of Mr. Morgan, and by eminent soloists. 3. The Uses of Educational Museums-Freder- Mr. J. H. Von Nardroff will preside at the audi- ick J. V. Skiff, director of Field Columbian Mu- torium organ. seum, Chicago, Ill. Discussion led by Henry Snyder, superintendent of schools, Jersey City, N. J.; J. W. Carr, superin- Loans to Teachers A Teacher tendent of schools, Anderson, Ind. If N. E. A. half-rates to New York, and cut Steam Tuesday Afternoon, July 4. Ship rates to Europe attract you, pull the latchstring which is always out. I. The Standards of Local Administration- L. A. care FEDERATION BULLETIN, Hon. George B. McClellan, Mayor of the City of 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO, ILL. New York. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 7 PIANO BUYERS Find Strong Temptation -IN- May Sale -OP- The Manufacturers Annual Clearing at the Kimball Warerooms Means Much for Enrichment of the Home Life. Extraordinary piano buying continues at the Manufacturers' Warerooms 243 Wabash Ave., S. W. Cor. Jackson Blvd. Besides being a powerful appeal to the money-saving motive, this sale includes many instruments of the highest type of the piano maker's art. Kimball pianos are the product of a home factory. For years their praises have been sung by the world's masters in music. They are within reach of the purchaser of limited means, for they go directly from the great Kimball factories to the home. Unlimited resources of the producers enable them to give the purchaser possession of the instrument while making payment; hence the wisdom of many purchasers anticipating their wants by several months, for rarely do conditions bring such mighty inducements. MAY ONLY New Eastern Piano and Kimball Piano Player, regular price ........ $445 20 Rolls of Music, for operating the player ...... ............. 20 Total ...... $465 Special Offer, complete. .. $275 Easy Payments if Desired W. W. KIMBALL CO . (ESTABLISHED 1857) Southwest Corner of Wabash Ave. and Jackson Blvd. 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. Everybody's Magazine Out for May MR . LAWSON WRITES : " I start this month on the actual Crimes of Amalgamated. I give names, times, places in detail. "No Wall Street man or investor can afford to miss the UTAH COPPER BUNCO GAME. How Samuel Untermeyer, Esq., Clark, Ward & Co. and ENGLISH INVESTORS WERE SWINDLED. "The Munroe & Munroe City Bank Flimflamming oftwo profes- sional gamblers. How one of the Big Three Insurance Companies sold their stocks for $5,839,000.87 and made sworn statements to the Insurance Departments that the same was $3,075,392 . "I describe the Insurance trick of 'New business.' " I make my first apology to those I have flayed, to ROGER FOS- TER, ESQ. I answer critics from Georgia, New York, Kansas, Tacoma, Boston and Philadelphia straight from the shoulder, calling spades black spades . "If there is any liquid blood left in the nation, it should boil. RECORD me it will. "Garfield reports to ROOSEVELT : 'BEEF TRUST ALL RIGHT . ' " If the AMERICAN people, with this latest insult to their intelli- gence and with RUSSELL'S facts in their hands, don't put another nail in the ' System's' coffin, I miss my guess. " IN MR. RUSSELL'S ARTICLE : In the April number a picture is given of sixteen great railroad pres- idents, terrorized by the Beef Trust, sneaking into a NEW YORK CLUB to rebel in concert against the TRUST'S gorging methods. " THE EXPERIENCES OF A NURSERY GOVERNESS, " the many stories and other striking features will interest every woman. FOR SALE ON ALL NEWS STANDS. Chicago Teachers' Federation Vol. IV. Bulletin CHICAGO , MAY 12, 1905 . No. 23 . REVIEW OF THE CHICAGO STRIKE . external power and reckless slaughter-the peace of good citizenship, not the peace that reigned in The dangers which at this moment directly Warsaw-this is the primary consideration. Who- threaten Chicago, and indirectly menace the whole ever has conspired against peace of that kind, or country, are extremely serious. Disorder has oc- obstructs its restoration, be he employer or hired curred, and rioting, already imminent, may pos- man, rich or poor, black or white, striker or strike- sibly be precipitated before these words reach the breaker, resident or non-resident, timid preacher or reader's eye . To be sure, there is nothing especial- subservient newspaper, complacent merchant or ly serious in the possibilities of a riot, nor in an subsidized lawyer, is a public enemy. Then let the actual riot, for riots usually come and go in cities undisputed facts speak for themselves. with no other effect than a temporary disturbance. But if this riot comes, it will be no outburst of local and ephemeral passion. It will come as a battle In the course of the development of labor organ- carefully planned and deliberately provoked, in an ization which has spread and strengthened in this irrepressible war of hostile classes . country since the Civil War, slowly and with some fluctuations but steadily on the whole, the question of " open shop" or "closed shop" has come to be a And more serious in its sinister possibilities than burning issue. This is now the nub of the contro- the rioting, something else will come. The regular versy between labor unions and employers' unions. army will come. With its recruits drawn from the The latter have recently got to be a highly im- frayed edges of society and drilled to the mechan- portant factor. The labor struggle, no longer be- ical perfection of unfeeling automata; with its tween unorganized employers and organized labor officers selected from the body of the people, but with its federated unions, is become a strife be- carefully trained like Janissaries to hold in con- tween laborers organized and federated and em- tempt the order of life out of which they are ployers organized and federated. These hostile chosen; with the button that controls this deadly systems of economic organization are each an em- mechanism far removed, both geographically and pire within the republic, and whether one or the politically, from the community whose humilia- other wins, or the two confederate, the Republic tion itmay decree-every instance of the use of the will suffer. - standing army in local disturbances, paves the way for the coming of "the man on horseback." Yet the country is full of fools, who, for the sake of a The weapon of organized labor is the strike. temporary advantage to their own interests or to Nominally, this is a peaceable refusal to work; actually, of course, it is industrial war. In that interests with which they sympathize, are echoing war the weapon of organized employers is the the demands and encouraging the efforts of a few floating mass of the unemployed or partly em- imperial minded or sordid knaves to turn the regu- ployed, who, living on the ragged edge of things lar army into a local police force upon the slightest economic, are almost always available to supply the provocation or at the least excuse. If the Chicago needs of employers well enough and long enough riot comes, their insane wishes in this respect, to defeat a strike. To make striking successful fraught with the gravest dangers, as all history therefore, these workmen must either be got into shows, to themselves and their children, will assur- unions or be otherwise prevented from competing edly be realized in one more instance. against unionists. The former method is preferred In the face of such dangers to the principle of by labor leaders. Consequently the "closed shop" home rule, which has always been the touchstone contract has become a prime object of trades union- of American liberty, the utmost intelligence and ism. Under this contract, the employer who can candor is demanded in considering the situation. be induced by argument, or coerced by strikes or Class feeling, personal prejudice, pride of organiza- threats of strikes, into signing it, is obligated to tion, love of power, and over- solicitude for business employ only union men. It has been urged that interests, must all be suppressed ; and in the fullest labor leaders use their powers under such contracts and widest sense the spirit of fair play must take to deprive men of work by keeping them out of their place. No other attitude of mind is tolerable unions. But it is only fair to say that the few in circumstances like these. Solicitude for the pub- instances of such conduct are instances of personal lic peace, to be maintained by local self- restraint graft, from which no large organization is wholly free. The general tendency and the evident inter and fair-minded adjustment and not imposed by 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. est of unionism is to enroll every workman ; for its program are quite freely accused of ulterior de- aim is to monopolize the loyalty and thereby to signs. They are suspected of intending to involve regulate the employment of all hired labor. On the Mayor Dunne in such embarrassments, political other hand, yet for identical reasons, employers ' or- and official, as to balk his municipal ownership pol- ganizations think it to their interest to oppose the icy. They are thought even to have intended en- "closed shop. " Consequently they insist upon the tangling President Roosevelt in the alternative of "open shop. " The nominal meaning of this is that angering organized labor by calling out Federal employers will not discriminate between union and troops or of giving the railroad interests a lever- non-union men in their hirings ; its obvious effect age against him for refusing to call troops out. would be to arm the employers' union with a ready Whatever may have been their motive, if they supply of unorganized labor, and to disarm organ- really did maliciously bring on the teamsters' strike ized labor of its only defensive weapon. in behalf of the garment workers, some significant facts are certain, and to these we call attention. With the merits of this controversy we have nothing at present to do. We have given the facts The employers' union had prepared elaborately and indicated their bearings for another purpose. for the strike, although it seemed to come like a They are necessary for an understanding of the bolt out of a clear sky. It refused to consider any origin and probable scope of the present dangerous adjustment while the strike lasted. It provoked the second strike in cold blood when the first had been conflict in Chicago between labor unions and em- ployers' unions ; for this conflict originated in the abandoned. And it refuses to consider any terms breach of a "closed shop" contract by an employ- of settlement whatever, even to secure the public ers' union. Somewhat more than a year ago, as the peace, declaring that its purpose is to destroy the teamsters' union. All the indications are that this result of a labor arbitration between the garment workers of Chicago and their employers, the whole- purpose is no afterthought, but was the purpose sale tailors, that "closed shop" agreement was before any strike began. To throw the matter into made. It provided on the part of the employers the Federal courts, this employers' union has or- for the employment of members of the garment ganized a local teaming company under the laws makers' union exclusively, for a definite period, the of West Virginia. This gives these Chicago men union agreeing to supply workers for the same pe- the legal right to go into the Federal courts in riod. Long before its expiration the employers' Illinois as citizens of West Virginia. However union began to violate its terms by locking out the law may regard that proceeding, fair men must union workers and employing non-union workers, regard it as a subterfuge for the fraudulent pur- pursuant to a formal decision of their national pose of giving an appearance of national character federation, to adopt an "open shop" policy. Against to local questions, and thereby making color of this breach of contract by their employers, the legal authority for calling upon the Federal army. garment workers ' union struck. That was in No- This device was supplemented by an ex parte in- vember last. They sought the sympathetic aid of junction of the Federal court, an injunction so the teamsters' union, but this aid was denied for broad as to make it dangerous for a striker to speak months and until their strike had been evidently to a non- striker lest he might be charged upon affi- lost, when it was suddenly resolved upon and the davit with asking him to quit work against his ex- teamsters struck in sympathy (pp. 17, 23 ). But press desire. Then came overture after overture they confined their strike to one house in the con- for reasonable arbitration, which the employers re- gested district; and as this did not serve the gar- jected. Here again they resorted to a subterfuge. ment workers, but did tend to produce disorder, They said they would arbitrate the contract which the garment workers asked the teamsters to call employers had with the teamsters and which the off their sympathetic strike, which was done teamsters had broken, but would not arbitrate the (p. 59) . For a reason by no means clear except contract which employers had with the garment inferentially, the employers then locked out some workers and which the employers had broken. The of the teamsters , and a new strike, for the team- latter they waived aside as a "closed question. " sters now as well as by them, was declared. This Yet it was that employers' breach of contract which is the strike in progress at present and in connec- afforded the excuse if not the occasion for the tion with which rioting and the use of troops are teamsters' breach; and any fair-minded man would imminent. expect to bring both questions into the arbitration if he arbitrated at all the provocation as well as It has been rumored, and the rumor has plausi- the act it provoked. But the employers did not bility, although the fact might not be proved, that intend to arbitrate at all. They contended, when re- the inexplicable strike which the teamsters made in fusing to arbitrate, that the only issue was the free sympathy with the garment workers, was not made use of the streets and the right to sell goods freely. in good faith, but had been brought about by col- If that was the only issue, there is no doubt that lusion between grafters in the teamsters' union such arbitrators as Judge Tuley, whom they reject- and grafters in the employers' union. What the ed, or any other arbitrators who could possibly motive of the employers may have been it is not have been appointed, would have decided in their easy to say. Their animosity toward the teamsters' favor. No arbitrators would have reported against union and that of the team owners (which worked their free use of the streets and their freedom to together very exasperatingly to mercantile inter- sell goods . The very fact that the employers re- ests) might sufficiently explain their readiness to fused to arbitrate suggests to any candid mind that facilitate a plan for crushing those co-operating or- they did not really believe that the free use of the ganizations. But the manipulators of this crushing streets and freedom to sell their goods was the only issue. They must have been conscious of CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 3 other issues, and fearful that arbitration would ex- ly made to evade the criminality of the law. It pose them. Since then they have shown that they would not be considerate perhaps to blame too se- had that consciousness. In a letter of the 3d to J. verely for such acts the irritated merchants, who M. Taft, of the Taft Teaming Company, they have doubtless had much to irritate them, as any- specify five other issues : ( 1 ) Inviolability of team- one acquainted with the annoyances of trade union- sters' contracts ; (2) intolerability of sympathetic ism will readily appreciate ; but they cannot escape strikes ; ( 3 ) assertion that they do not discrimin- serious blame for acts so manifestly designed to ate against organized teamsters ; (4) assertion that provoke crime without incurring its penalties. they are not resisting labor unions ; and (5 ) that members of the teamsters' union are guilty of vio- The sad thing about all this menacing turmoil is lence, intimidation and coercion. If these issues the blindness or indifference to its real nature, of do exist, they are arbitrable ; and if the employers those who engage in it or encourage it or weakly believed themselves in the right as to these issues, deplore it. The employer thinks it a violent out- they would not hesitate to accept the overtures break of the lower classes, which can be put down for arbitration-especially if, as they themselves by superior violence. He ignores the obtrusive fact make clear, bloody battling in the public streets is that there may be an exciting cause of increasing the alternative. The unavoidable inference from intensity. In that case the superiority of violence all the circumstances is that the employers want no will almost certainly shift, in the not distant future, settlement. They want a street fight-as bloody and make of him and his, hapless victims to their as possible. Some of them have said as much in own selfish pride. Let him remember the arro- interviews, and the fact became clear enough when gance that preceded the French Revolution. On they appeared before the mayor's commission last the other side of the picture, the idealistic labor Sunday. Forced there by direct questions to ex- unionist, acting in response to an economic pres- plain their platitudes about the the "sacred right sure which he feels but does not understand, thinks to work," they acknowledged that their set purpose to relieve it by coercively organizing the working was to destroy the teamsters' union, and that there- classes into a body that shall treat an injury to one fore they would make no settlement and enter upon as the concern of all. He ignores the fact that the no arbitration . - ; i pressure he feels may be one of increasing inten- sity, and that in such case organization may not be The organization which takes that ground con- able to keep pace with it without a degree of coer- fesses itself in the wrong; and if the public peace cion which means riot, troops, slaughter and the is endangered thereby, it puts itself morally in a gallows. Labor unionists of the business type criminal attitude. Every life lost in consequence of view the matter in still another way. They expect to lift their own class of labor above the level of refusal to make peace on terms which fair-minded arbitrators would propose, is chargeable to this lower labor classes-Ten-penny Jameses above recklessly domineering organization. While assert- Nine-penny Jims-by safe and sane business meth- ing its own right to organize for the purpose of in- ods. They overlook the fact that a lower class of fluencing the wages of labor downward, it insists, labor is all the time a competitive menace to the even at the risk of disturbances to the public peace, class above, and that no isolated unionism can long upon destroying organizations of workingmen seek- withstand it. Another type is the ideal non-union- ing to influence wages upward. All the heavier is ist. He is a sturdy believer in the right of free con- its responsibility when, as the fact is, this defiant tract between employer and employe-almost as organization is itself provoking the very breaches much so as is the employer who finds him a con- of the public peace the possibility of which it re- venient catapult for battering down the walls of fuses by arbitration to avoid. It has brought unionism. Then there is the "business " non-un- negroes by wholesale from the South to arouse ionist, who makes a precarious living by hiring out race antagonisms which Chicago may be long in as a " strike-breaker." Like any other tramp, he is recovering from. It has provided these strange one of the phenomena produced by the general men of another race with firearms, and has reck- cause of the whole vexed labor problem. Mere lessly sought disturbances by sending them out as flotsam and jetsam, his blindness or indifference to teamsters among street crowds in sympathy with the nature of labor troubles is probably not very the teamsters' strike. It has brought farmers' boys significant. As for people who deplore these to Chicago from distant places to destroy the team- troubles, but neither think with vigor nor speak sters' union by temporarily taking organized team- out like men, lesť they may check an income, or sters' places, knowing full well that most of these anger a parishioner, or lose a client, or get disliked imported white men, as well as the imported ne- in a club, or be marked as a crank, or otherwise groes, will soon become vagrants on the hands of suffer some petty annoyance-as for them, can they the city authorities, in a city already crowded with not realize what will happen if there is an intensi- workmen. It has hired professional "strike-break- fying cause for labor troubles ? The time must ers, " a species of thug which private detective soon come when that cause will bring on irre- agencies herd and supply to order for employers ' trievable disaster, in which even they, their own unions, importing them from distant cities and dainty selfish selves, may be engulfed along with thrusting them into the public streets, armed with the rest of us . rifles, with the purpose, so slightly veiled as to be That there is a general exciting cause for these unconcealed, of having them provoke or create labor troubles we all instinctively feel. And we all breaches of the peace sufficient to afford a pretext really know what it is. We know that it is inade- for policing the city with Federal troops. These quate opportunities for employment on the lower acts are not consistent with good citizenship. They levels of labor, relatively to the supply of such are criminal in morals, even if they may be shrewd- (Continued on page 4.) 4 i CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION (Continued from page 3.) BULLETIN labor. This is the cause, and it is an intensifying cause. It cannot be dealt with by Federal in- Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, junctions or Federal troops, by labor unions, or Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, December 23, 1901. employers' unions, by weak wishing or strong curs- ing. Let the cause continue to intensify, and we THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the shall be overrun with hordes of laborless men. year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of April and December, by the Chicago Teachers' Federation. They willbe of the type of the strike-breaker, and THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single their brutality will not always be vented on strik- copies, Five Cents. ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received ers. But if this cause were removed, if conditions by Tuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to the order of the Federation Bulletin. were sought and established in which jobs were hunting for men instead of men hunting for jobs, MARGARET HALEY, Editor, we should have neither employers' unions nor la- 814-816 Unity Building, CHICAGO borers' unions. Every man would be his own Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. union, and general prosperity and industrial peace would follow. How to effect this change, from a superabundance of workers to a superabundance of UNDERFED CHILDREN. opportunities for work, is the crux of the labor problem. How can it be done ? There are but The problem of the unbreakfasted and underfed two ways. We must either kill off surplus work- children attending the public schools in New York ers, or we must release cornered opportunities for work.* Which shall it be ? City has lately received special attention on account * * * * * * of some startling reports as to their number that Apropos of the organization in West Virginia of obtained currency. From an officer of one of the a company of Chicago merchants for doing busi- organizations for charitable ends came an estimate ness in Chicago, with the purpose of enabling them that some 50,000 children took their seats in school to go into the Federal courts with their litigations, which they could not have done but for their in- every morning without having had any food that corporation out of their own state, why is it not in day. Later, Mr. Robert Hunter, a specialist in slum order to ask whether the state of Illinois intends to work, declared that as many as 70,000 children go allow such trifling with its sovereignty, or the Fed- to school hungry each day. Superintendent of eral courts such frauds upon their jurisdictional authority. The Public . Schools Maxwell published a statement that Mr. Hunter had "unusual opportunities for forming a BOARD OF EDUCATION. judgment in the matter," and that, in his opinion, : he "would be more likely to underestimate than to Wednesday May 10, 1905. overestimate the matter." The following recommendations were adopted : ELECT MARIE A. DUNNE HEAD ASSISTANT OF The situation in London, England, is probably HENRY D. LLOYD SCHOOL AND FIX SALARY. worse. For years it has been known there that That Marie A. Dunne be elected head assistant starvation haunts the schools as it haunts the homes, of the Henry D. Lloyd school, to date from May and doctors, editors, teachers, social reformers, civic 1 , 1905, at the salary of $ 1,125 per annum. ELECT ALEXANDER MOLL HEAD TEACHER OF RIV. boards and members of parliament have given more ERDALE BRANCH OF PULLMAN SCHOOL or less attention to the subject, until popular agita- AND FIX SALARY. tion has been aroused to the point of demanding That Alexander Moll be elected head teacher of that something shall be done. the Riverdale branch of the Pullman school, to date from May 1 , 1905, at the salary of $75.00 in A London weekly newspaper, the New Age, puts advance of the schedule, in accordance with the rules. the case strongly saying : "That in this land, where ELECT AND TRANSFER PRINCIPALS. riches and luxury unsurpassed in the world's his- That Charles C. Krauskopf be transferred from tory abound ; in this age of scientific and mechan- the principalship of the Patrick Henry school to ical invention; in this time when vast sums of that of the Robert Emmet school in the place of money are subscribed for 'religious' missions at the Mr. Waterman, who is on "leave of absence." Albert Hall and elsewhere, these thousands of hun- That Mary E. C. Lyons be transferred from the principalship of the Jenner school to that of the gry, underfed, ill-clad children should be trudging Patrick Henry school. wearily every day to school to sit in misery un- That Frederick J. Lane, head assistant of the speakable for several hours, too starved in body for Belding school, who holds a principal's certificate, the brain to do its work-there is the shameful be elected to the principalship of the Jenner school, thing, the most shameful thing amongst all the evils in place of Mrs. Lyons . ELECT HEAD ASSISTANTS . of our day and generation."-Boston Herald. That Minnie M. Arnold, head assistant of the Hedges school, be elected to the same position in The derrick isn't handsome, but it has an uplift- the Belding school, in place of Frederick J. Lane, ing influence.-Philadelphia Record. elected principal of the Jenner school. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 5 Isabel Conklin, to Montefiore school. Margaret Parrington, from Jirka to Dewey Dorothy Dixon, to Linne school. school. Alice Forkin, to Brown school. Ida M. Peary, from Froebel to Corkery school. M. Louise Grant, to Austin Grammar school. Florentine Philipp, from Nash to Bryant school . Frances M. Grogan, to Jenner school. Mary K. Plumb, from Audubon to Nettelhorst Mabel E. Hepburn, to Von Humboldt school. school. Katherine B. Jackson, to Tennyson school. Laura F. Sinclair, from Lawson to Burns school. Esther Kennedy, to Bass school. Kindergarten Transfers . Emma Kubat, to Goldsmith school. Adelaide Favor, from Normal Practice to Au- Eleanor T. Libby, to Otis. burn Park school. Edna T. Lindholm, to Wentworth school. UNASSIGNED LIST . Addie E. Long, to Goudy school. Alma J. Berlizheimer, Sheldon school. Elizabeth R. McCarthy, to Keith school. Madge M. Corcoran, Goldsmith school. That Rose A. Farley, former head assistant of Hulda Friedenthal , Holden school. the Hedges school, who has been out for the last Edith M. Hueston, Healy school. eight months on account of illness, be elected to Nora A. Jones, Otis school . her old position of head assistant in the Hedges Agnes Thompson, Stowe school . school, at her former salary. Erna Vogeler, Headley school. ASSIGNMENTS AND TRANSFERS . RESIGNATIONS . Assignments. Ella W. Cearfoss, Dewey school. Annie E. Allbright, to Jirka school. Margaret Fitzgerald, Harrison school. Theresa B. Behring, to Bancroft school. Grace L. Hawkins , Hawthorne school. Cornelius F. Bek, to Harrison school. Lulu C. Lee, Medill school. Etta M. Benham , to Hammond school . Charles E. Marks, Pullman school. Ella Bowen, to Spry school. Eleanor Marson, Dewey school. Margaret T. Carey, to Foster school. Edith Matousek, Spry school . Mary C. Casey, to Stowe school. Grace R. Peck, Beidler school . Irene B. McKnight, to Burley school. Carrie R. Smith, Bass school. Ella J. Meissner, to Holden school. Nellie M. Stringer, Komensky school. Eleanor M. Murphy, to Audubon school. That Joseph R. Moore, engineer of the Seward Alice M. O'Donnell, to Fuller school. school, under date of May 1, 1905, was suspended Margaret E. Philbrick, to Hawthorne school. from duty, on charges preferred against him, pend- Lillian B. Raftis, to Komensky school. ing investigation by the committee, that under date Elizabeth Randall, to Goldsmith school. of May 5, 1905, the committee gave a full and Tillie M. Rees , to Smyth school. complete hearing, found the charges not sustained, Joannah B. Rollins, to Lowell school. and ordered the reinstatement of said Joseph R. Ruth Schurtz, to Thomas school. Moore, without loss of salary. Euphemia Stothart, to Headley school. That under date of May 1, 1905, Thomas Mal- Alpha Stuart, to Hayes school. loy, engineer of the James Madison school build- Kindergartin Assignments. ing, was suspended from duty on charges preferred Mary H. Bohn, to Cooper school. against him, pending investigation by the commit- Florence Haynes, to Bismarck school . tee, that under date of May 5, 1905, the committee Dora McDonald, to Auburn Park school. gave a full and complete hearing, found the charges Carrie E. Smith, to Dante school. not sustained and ordered the reinstatement of said Transfers. Thomas Malloy without loss of salary. Augusta Bachman, from Peabody to Newberry Transfers, assignments, separations, etc., of school. various employes, made in accordance with Civil Alice C. Bruce, from Tennyson to Beidler school. Service requirements : Gertrude M. Connery, from West Pullman to Transfer-Owen Durigan, Normal to the Par- Parkside school. ental school. TEMPORARY ASSIGNMENTS . Sarah Dryfuss, from Yates to Schley school. Martha Dwyer, from Hayes to Healy school. Edward Durkin, substitute engineer, Manierre school . Jennie F. Hawthorne, from Jenner to Franklin school. Michael J. Broderick, substitute engineer, James Madison school. Flora E. Johnson, from Linné to Avondale school. Thomas Connors, substitute engineer, Seward Mary F. Keane, from Franklin to Yates school. school. SEPARATIONS . Ida M. Kinder, from Fuller to Seward school. Charles J. Lunak, from Smyth to Lawson school. Owen Durigan, Normal school. Margaret J. Mahoney, from Seward to Earle Lydia Kelley, temporary stenographer, chief en- school. gineer's department. Alexander Moll, from Earle to Pullman school. Joseph Rodgers, fireman, Parental school. M. Irene Moore, from Wentworth to Dewey Michael J. Broderick, substitute engineer, James school. Madison school. Ethel B. Nay, from Brown to Scott school. Thomas Connors, substitute engineer, Seward Anna M. Nilsson, from Keith to Normal Prac. school. SUSPENSIONS . school. Edward J. Padden, from Von Humboldt to Nor- (Pending trial by this committee.) mal Prac. school. Nils. W. Frohman, engineer, Manierre school. 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION. allow stop-overs, in like manner, at Chautauqua The adjourned annual session and the regular Lake and Niagara Falls and on the return trip meeting of the Chicago Teachers' Federation will will include New York City. Baltimore and Ohio road grants stop-overs on return trip be held at 412 Masonic Temple, May 13, 1905. Admission by membership card only. at New York City, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington, Mountain Lake Park, Md., Deer The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teachers' Park, Md. , and Oakland, Md. Grand Trunk Federation will meet Tuesday, May 16, 1905, at -Lehigh Valley Route-stop-overs at Glen Sum- 4 p. m., in Room 814, Unity Bldg. mit, Pa., Detroit, Niagara Falls and New York FLORENCE E. TENNERRY, City. On return trip, passengers who so desire Cor. Seoretary. may go by water from Buffalo to Detroit. Wa- Note change of address of Federation office in bash-West Shore Route-stop-overs at Detroit, this week's issue. Niagara Falls and New York City. Those desir- ing to may travel by boat between Detroit and CHICAGO TEACHERS' CLUB. Buffalo and between Albany and New York City. The Lake Shore and Michigan Southern offers stop-overs at Put-in-Bay, Cedar Point or Niagara The Chicago Teachers' Club holds its annual Falls . meeting Saturday, May 13, 2:30 p. m., 45 East Fare by differential lines $21.35 for round trip ; Randolph street. Noonday Club. Election of of- by other lines $23.35 . ficers . Amendments to constitution. EMILY A. HAYWARD, Cor. Sec. Reservations may be made from now on. Transportation Committee : ASBURY PARK AND THE N. E. A. CATHARINE GOGGIN, EMMA STEVENS, Arrangements are now completed for the N. E. FLORENCE E. TENNERRY . HARRIETTE T. TREADWELL. A. trip, and the following details of travel have been furnished by the various railroads. Erie railroad will grant stop-overs, going or returning, Farmer Medders-So ye stopped over one train within going or returning limit of ticket, at Sager- in N' York on Thanksgiving ? Is there much ter town and Cambridge Springs, Pa.; Lakewood or see there ? Jamestown on Chautauqua Lake, N. Y.; Niagara Farmer Plum-Is there much ter see ? Well, Falls and New York City. Pennsylvania road will say, Silas ! I tramped around there fer a hull hour give stop-overs, in same way, at Baltimore, Wash- an' I didn't see mor'n half they wuz ter see-not ington and Philadelphia. Nickel Plate road will mor'n half.-Leslie's Weekly. National Educational Association GRAND TRUNK Asbury Park, N. J., July 3-7, 1905 LEHIGH VALLEY See that your tickets read via the DOUBLE TRACK ROUTE TO THE Lake Shore and Forty - Fourth Annual Meeting Michigan Southern AND NATIONAL EDUCATION New York Central Lines ASSOCIATION The ever popular and most direct route to New York and New England points. Stop overs at Put-in-Bay, ASBURY PARK , N. J. Cedar Point or Niagara Falls. The superior facili- ties and service of the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern and New York Central Lines are so well JULY 3rd to 7th, 1905 known, generally, as to require no special mention. A train every two hours including the "Twentieth Century Limited, " (20 hours, Chicago to New York) $21.35 FOR THE ROUND TRIP. the train of the age, and of world wide fame. The Lake Shore and Michigan Southern and the For further particulars as to dates of sale, return limit, New York Central Lines form the route selected by time of regular and special trains, sleeping car rates and the United States Government for transporting its reservations, stop-over privileges and descriptive matter, mails, which fact speaks volumes in itself. call at For further information, advertising matter, CHICAGO TEACHER'S FEDERATION] sleeping car berths, etc. , address, or send to L. F. VOSBURGH , Genl . Western Passenger Agt., LaSalle Street Station. J. H. BURGIS, C. P. & T. A., Grand Trunk Railway System, or G. K. THOMPSON, Genl . Agent Passenger Dept. , 180 South Clark Street 249 South Clark St., cor. Jackson Blvd., Chicago, III. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 7 . CULTURE LEISURE ECONOMY TEACHERS, ATTENTION! University Travel Vacation will soon be here. want to earn from $250 to $1,000 Do you It would be difficult to combine during that time? We have a special pleasure and profit to better proposition to make to you to sell the best secured guaranteed semi-annual advantage than by joining one dividend five per cent of the Art, History, or Archaeo- logy Tours organized by the Bureau of University Travel. Over ninety itineraries offered. GOLD BONDS obtainable. Lectures by Specialists . PRICES , $400.00 UP. Distribution of surplus earnings in ad- dition to guaranteed dividends . Monthly installment and other plans of payment. Cruise on our private yacht from The most profitable and perfectly se- Italy, August 8, covering all the cured means of saving. principal places of the Ancient More than $2,000,000.00 paid to bond- Greek World, from Sicily to holders . Constantinople,including a week Nearly $1,000,000.00 in assets . in Athens. Scholarly leader- ship. Apply now. CALL ON OR ADDKESS Bureau of University Travel N. H. CARTINHOUR, 635 Fine Arts Building No. 411 New York Life Bldg., CHICAGO Telephone Central 3419 "FOLLOW THE FLAG " WABASH WABASH TO THE N. E. A. Meeting at Asbury Park, N. J. TRAVEL VIA THE WABASH IN CONNECTION WITH THE WEST SHORE RY. STOP-OVERS allowed at Detroit, Niagara Falls and New York City, with the option of a delightful lake trip between Detroit and Buffalo, and a ride from Albany to New York via the Hudson River Day Line Steamers. Write for a free copy of Wabash N. E. A. Folder (illustrated), giving full details. F. A. PALMER, A. G. P. A. 97 Adams Street, CHICAGO 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. PIANO BUYERS Find Strong Temptation -IN- May Sale -OP- The Manufacturers Annual Clearing at the Kimball Warerooms Means Much for • Enrichment of the Home Life. Extraordinary piano buying continues at the Manufacturers ' Warerooms 243 Wabash Ave., S. W. Cor. Jackson Blvd. Besides being a powerful appeal to the money-saving motive, this sale includes many instruments of the highest type of the piano maker's art. Kimball pianos are the product of a home factory. For years their praises have been sung by the world's masters in music. They are within reach of the purchaser of limited means, for they go directly from the great Kimball factories to the home. Unlimited resources of the producers enable them to give the purchaser possession of the instrument while making payment; hence the wisdom of many purchasers anticipating their wants by several months, for rarely do conditions bring such mighty inducements. MAY ONLY New Eastern Piano and Kimball Piano Player, regular price .......... $445 20 Rolls of Music, for operating the player .... ....... ... 20 Total ........ ... $465 Special Offer, complete $275 Easy Payments if Desired W. W. KIMBALL CO . (ESTABLISHED 1857) Southwest Corner of Wabash Ave. and Jackson Blvd. Chicago Teachers ' Federation Bulletin 100 Vol. IV. CHICAGO , MAY 19, 1905 . No. 24. THE CHICAGO STRIKE . in the mayor's chair" ? Why did the cry for fed- eral troops go up from plutocratic throats and Whatever may have been the cause or the ex- through the plutocratic press before a brick cuse for the present disturbed labor condition in had been thrown or a shot fired ? Why has Chicago (pp. 65, 70) , or whoever may have been every act of violence been magnified and every at fault, there is no excuse at all for its continu- effort for peace been minimized? Why did local ance, and the fault for that lies at the door of the employers' union. It lies at their door because the employers make their way to the federal courts as alleged grievances of both sides could have been a vestibule to the federal army by running off to referred to fair arbitration at any time these many another state to incorporate ? Why did they im- port strange negroes as strike-breakers-many of days, and would have been so referred but for the them in flagrant defiance of the Illinois law against stubborn if not malicious refusal of the employers' fraudulent importation of laborers into the state- organization to consider any proposition whatever if not for the purpose of exciting race animosities which might tend to an adjustment peaceably. and thereby provoking public disorder ? This could - benefit nobody but satanic plutocrats playing at a The plea of the employers that they ask only game, with human passions for pawns and millions legal rights to the use of the streets without risk for the stake. Why did they arm these irre- of assaults, and that therefore they will not arbi- sponsible negroes, contrary to law, with concealed trate those rights, is all pretense. This is not all weapons and before there had been any violence ? they ask, and it is not all that is involved. So far A reckless use of those weapons constituted, by the as it is at all involved, it is involved as an actual way, the first breach of the peace in the whole or possible consequence of alleged unfairness of strike. Why did they compel the police to march the employers in dealing with their employes. The through crowded thoroughfares guarding caravans question for arbitration is this alleged unfairness . of empty wagons, bound from nowhere to nowhere, Consent by the employers to arbitrate that ques- but driven by imported negroes and carrying armed tion would end the strike instantly ; and with the detectives picked up from the purlieus of other strike ended the possibilities of lawlessness would cities, if not for the purpose of inciting angry men be removed. Refusal to engage in such an arbitra- to overt acts ? The question of the negro's equal tion not only raises a suspicion that the employers right to work is foreign to the point. The point have provoked the strike by being unfair, but that is the question not of negroes coming for work, they wish to perpetuate it. but of negroes imported by white men with the criminal purpose of inflaming prejudiced minds to Why anyone should wish to perpetuate so in- the point of violence. Why have the employers re- flammable a condition in a great city is not obvious. fused every overture to take this labor controversy But that someone does wish it in this case is evi- off the streets, where it endangers the public peace, dent. In the light of all the circumstances there is and into a court room, where it can be fairly and no reasonable escape from the conclusion that peaceably settled ? Why have they started the cry somebody is trying to plunge the city into chaos. that Mayor Dunne is culpable for alleged ineffi- The search for that somebody must begin, like any ciency of policemen, against whom they have other criminal inquiry, with locating the motive. failed to bring charges on which he can possibly The motive is not to be found among the strikers. act? These are but samples of many significant It is to be found among the employers or back of questions that might be asked, the answers to them. Millions upon millions of tainted dollars which may be inferred from the comments of the are at stake, which may be saved to their sordid plutocratic papers of the East. "Chicago to-day claimants if human passions can be so deftly played stands as an object lesson of socialism in action," upon as to make riot, troops, slaughter and public says one of these, the Cincinnati Times-Star, in the panic seem to be the natural result of electing to an same spirit that animates the comment of all. By important office any genuine adversary of plutoc- " socialism" it means the recent election of Dunne racy ; for thereby a revulsion at the polls may be (p. 53 ) as the representative of municipal owner- produced. ship of municipal property ; and "socialism in ac- tion" means the disorder in the streets, which has Let him who doubts, consider the circumstances. been provoked and is kept alive by the sinister Why does the plutocratic New York Times ( May influences that Dunne defeated at the polls and for 5) describe the situation as "reaping the penalty which these papers stand. In reality, this is not of putting a socialistic municipal ownership crank socialism in action; it is plutocracy in action. The 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. sooner the well-meaning citizen awakes to a ization, again responding to the subtle influences realization of that, the better will it be for orderly which have all along inspired it, refuses to facilitate and honest government. the good citizenship work of this commission. The hope of finding in Chicago more than a handful of citizens of prominence who rise above One of the incidents of the Chicago strike is not partisan interests, class sympathies and class graft, only significant of the character of some of the is a slender strand. In the neighborhood settle- financial influences that are playing the game of ments and among their supporters there are some. arousing public passion for private profit, but it Among the preachers there are a few. But on the raises again the question of the right of bankers to whole, Chicago is a class-ridden city. The public divert funds for which they are trustees. We right, except as a euphemism for class interests, allude to an arbitrary contribution by banks of is regarded as something mystical. The syllogistic $50,000 to the strike fund of the employers' union. formula for the logic of the public spirit that pre- To have made this contribution to the strike fund vails in Chicago with reference to any event or of the strikers' union would, we suspect, have come proposal whatever would be something like this : perilously near to the diversion in which Banker "The city it is my class ; what has happened Bigelow was recently caught. That the principle or what you propose is good for my class ; there- is the same no matter which strike fund gets the fore, it is good for the city. Conversely, if bad plunder, appears to be the sensible opinion of one for my class it is bad for the city." of the bankers of Chicago who was approached but And so the woof of the argument threads its way refused to contribute. John V. Clarke, president through conversation, preachment and editorial. of the Hibernian Bank, replying to the solicitations Whatever the issue, whether graft-getting or graft- of the secretary of the Chicago Clearing House, giving, violence or peace, law or defiance of law, pointedly said : selfish greed or pride or selfish hate or fear are "This bank, while deeply regretting the condi- ever uppermost. Even the question of making the tions as now existing in our city, will not in any gutters run with human blood, has not turned upon way change its position Our position is considerations of the public good ; it has turned that as a banking corporation it is not within the upon expectations with reference to class interest, sphere of its officials to appropriate the funds of except when still lower considerations have entered its stockholders for any such purpose ; and, again, in. This is really not the general fact; but it is the it is our opinion that the Employers' Association fact as to so-called "leading citizens." was not organized wholly for the purpose of law In this whole inflammable controversy now kept and order as contained in your circulars ; and, fur- on the public streets by the employers' union, only ther, we object to the form of the resolution as im- one prominent man (men of neighborhood settle- plying it was the opinion of all the associated ment prominence and men of official responsibility banks that this contribution should be made, while excepted) , has had the will and the courage to in fact it was the opinion of the majority only. defy his social class, and his political party, and This bank reserves the right, should occasion de- the wolfish business interests that howl all about mand it, of placing itself before the public as him. He alone among non-officials of local prom- voting against this resolution of contribution." inence proclaims good citizenship regardless of If that position isn't sound, we should like to personal, political and business association. know the least offensive term or terms that would Our allusion is to William Kent. Although Mr. Kent is explicitly characterize the act of the bankers who a Republican, and was one of the most vigorous did divert the funds of their stockholders to the opponents of Mayor Dunne in the recent municipal uses of the employers' union. * * * * * * * campaign, he has written the mayor an open letter -The Public. in which, upon tendering his sympathy, his thanks, and his assistance, he says : "With a keen realization of the necessity of pre- serving the dignity of the town, you have gone Miss Anna B. Miller of Philadelphia is a young further than any other mayor we have had in woman of perseverance. She was deposed as strengthening the police force, and your position supervising principal of the Rhoades School in in regard to disarming strikers and strike-breakers Philadelphia, on charges based on letters alleged alike must meet with the approval of every man to have been written by her to a teacher in her not biased by the side he has taken in the contro- school, and on affidavits alleged to have been made versy." by the said teacher, in which Miss Miller was It was in response to a suggestion of Mr. Kent charged with various misdeeds. Miss Miller de- that Mayor Dunne appointed his investigating com- nied having written the letters, and asserted that a mission which is now in session. That the mayor former president of the board in the Thirty-fourth is himself a citizen before he is a partisan, and that district and others had conspired to deprive her of he intends to serve the people instead of a class or her position. She decided to bring suit for $50,000 a party, is sufficiently well indicated in this con- damages. No lawyer would take her case, so she nection by the men he has appointed on that com- devoted two years to the study of law, to fit herself mission. In Graham Taylor, a distinguished neigh- to conduct it. She took only those points of law borhood settlement sociologist, in Mr. Webster, a bearing on the question. For five days last week she argued for herself, with the result that she has large manufacturer, and in Mr. Boyden, a lawyer, he has named three competent men who opposed been given a verdict for $14,960.-The Woman's his election as mayor. Yet the employers' organ- Journal. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 3 THE PRIMARY SCHOOL CURRICULUM . ment. Each child has a right to the beginnings of a knowledge of literature, of science, of art, of in- It is always a pleasure to see words of praise for stitutions and of ethics." Superintendent Maxwell's improvement of our schools. As Mr. Percival Chubb, reported in the Doubtless , as to the child's right, this is all true. What I am more sure of is that were the curricu- Evening Post, said recently, " The citizens of New York must always be grateful to the man who lum far less crowded than it is, the child would had the courage and pertinacity to demand of the stand a correspondingly better chance of getting Normal College and of the schools in general those those beginnings of the most valuable knowledge. results that are educationally respectable." To have all those subjects upon a list of require- ments, to oblige teachers to hold a class in each, Somewhere also within a day or two, has been does not necessarily give the knowledge or even seen a reminder that those who desire changes prepare the way for giving it. Experienced teach- of policy in our school management should not ers are quite as apt as not to think that the wrong assail Mr. Maxwell personally, as if he, autocratic, way to go to work. unaided, and unhampered, had all the power and If teachers have time to get close to the chil- all responsibility. But with this piece of common- dren's minds, if they are not constantly pressed and sense fresh in mind, we shall probably hammer worried-if our public school teachers in general at Mr. Maxwell by name, not so much under the were more free, more trusted, and at the same impression that he can reform where he will in the twinkling of an eye as knowing the powerful time were more inspired by their training-school influence of his convictions. Whether his "cour- courses, by superintendents and principals, more age and pertinacity" be exerted towards any spe- habitually, patiently, and calmly taught their re- cial policy or against it makes a difference. sponsibilities and the secrets of good work-it could be made the most natural thing in the world As to the course of study which has now stirred for the capable teachers to give scholars all those tardy criticism and even active opposition, Mr. beginnings of knowledge which Mr. Maxwell longs for the children to have. Maxwell's strength seems to be devoted whole- heartedly to its defense. Apparently he is with- Good primary teachers, under fair conditions , out misgivings as to its excellence and thinks that are doing it, but not in big public school classes. the main reason why it may appear overloaded is When one of the wisest primary teachers gets into . that teachers use it badly. They mistake, he says, a big public school class, she suffers, finding that the parts of a subject which it is worth while to she cannot do this very thing-cannot teach the teach and teach thoroughly, drilling where they beginnings " of literature, of science, of art, of insti- should not drill, wasting time over utterly useless tutions, of ethics;" but must omit the most im- memorizing, etc. Their ideas are still curiously portant of teaching, that which she thinks would old-fashioned, or their judgment is unripe, or they help most to adapt the child's mind to its spiritual simply lack thoughtfulness about what they are environment. Such a teacher does not waste any doing. Teachers-even teachers whose business more time over the memorizing of useless stuff, deals at first hand with the fate of human beings- does not fritter away the child's strength through sometimes take their responsibilities with the ill-judged methods, does not use her own time and strangest lightness. We do know some of them- mind for plan-books, time schedules, etc., any more a small proportion, of course who are putting than she is forced to do by the system which has more strength into, for instance, spring hats and her and her class in its grasp. circuses than into study for the welfare of any pupil or pupils. But the class is large ; the curriculum requires Mr. Maxwell has not said all this; but he has re- a long list of subjects to be taught separately; spe- cial teachers are numerous; principals are obliged peatedly expressed himself very much as he did to demand attention to distracting numbers of in his St. Louis Exposition address when he regulations, and are always fearful that if teach- touched upon means to prevent "what is popularly ers-the best-venture a hair's breadth from the known as the 'overcrowding' of the elementary specified path (e. g., to give by word of mouth and curriculum . " other natural methods these beginnings of useful "History," Mr. Maxwell said, "is not the only knowledge at the "psychological moment"-just subject in which children's time is wasted and when and as they would be successfully given) their interest destroyed by memoriter methods. In the proportion of the class prepared for promotion will be too small. geography, in grammar, in arithmetic, even in nature study, it is still not unusual to find teach- Each day, school is, for the teacher's mind, a ers consuming their pupils' time in memorizing un- race, a maze ; discouragement comes too often to essential details and a vast redundancy of technical be salutary even for teachers. There isn't time terms. Time may be saved by lopping off weari- enough between the waves to "bob up serenely." some and useless detail in all subjects." Teachers' The prolonged strain breeds weakness and disgust intelligent rejection of superfluous subject-matter -self-disapproval, helplessness for good work. and the general dissemination of improved methods will, declares Mr. Maxwell, "gradually solve the And all the subjects on the list are the sufferers. problem of the 'overcrowding of the elementary No subject can be taught with the deliberation, the curriculum. " Every subject upon the list "is thoughtfulness, or the spirit that teachers should justified and required by the fundamental assump- have at their command. Individuality has been tion that school exists for the progressive adapta- squeezed out of the teachers. The much-talked- tion of the child's mind to its spiritual environ- (Continued on page 5.) 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION "Individual initiative," he replied. "We encour- age every workman down to the humblest lad to BULLETIN suggest ways of reducing waste and increasing Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, output." Entered at the Post Office, Chicago , Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, In March last, there was an official conference December 23, 1901 . on the reports of special agents of the United THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the States who have been studying the results of the year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of Russo-Japanese war. In this conference were April and December, by the Chicago Teachers ' Federation. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single President Roosevelt, Assistant Secretary of War copies, Five Cents. ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received Oliver, General Crozier of the bureau of ordnance, by Tuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. and several officers of the general staff. The deci- ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to the order of the Federation Bulletin. sion was that the importance of individual initiative MARGARET A. HALEY, Editor, in the soldier and of higher physical training than 814-816 Unity Building, CHICAGO heretofore has characterized the private in the Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. ranks of the Japanese army. The conference was preliminary and resulted in the adoption of such means as will increase the training and add to the initiative of the enlisted men in the army. Methods BOOKS AND- MEN . will be taught them which are born of experience and observation. It is expected these methods not In the cobweb gauze of the shades spun only will increase the efficiency of the private sol- On the loom of the death of day, dier, but also will enable him the better to protect In the flicker and flit of the faint firelight himself, and perhaps his comrades in time of emer- That reddens the erst white clay ; gency. The new methods will be promulgated in In the gloom of the room where books smile down general orders to the army. Like friends that say little, love much, Evidently individual initiative is a characteristic I feel the thrill of a worldless bliss, of the twentieth century the world over. All Yet the breath of a worldly kiss. schools must appreciate this and superintendents and principals must learn that all wisdom is not at Men eat "your bread and salt," the top. The Russians have allowed no individual Men drink "your water and wine" ; initiative. From the Czar, his cabinet, generals, and But when trouble comes they twiddle their thumbs admirals originate all wisdom. There will be And " It's no concern of mine." schools that will go to pieces under tests, as has the Russian army and navy, if care is not taken. In the tear-filled nights when the bleak, black Individual initiative is nowhere needed so much as thoughts in school work, and it is needed now.-Journal of Swing swift thro' the day-worn brain Education. Like the rise and rush of the wave on wave That harry the storm-lashed main, Gleam the gilded backs of my God-sent books In the glow of the flash from the fire ; THE TEAMSTERS' STRIKE IN CHICAGO . I've tried men's souls in the heat of those coals, And of men, not books, I tire. Week Ending Thursday, May 11 . Men eat "your bread and salt," From present indications, the labor disturb- Men drink "your water and wine " ; ances in Chicago (p. 70) are quieting down. In But when trouble comes they twiddle their thumbs fact there has been no evidence at all of actual riot And " It's no concern of mine." upon anything like a large scale, except the out- -W. J. Sullivan, in Chicago Examiner. cries of alarmists and the " scareheads" of news- papers. Although there has been an inflamed state of the public mind, which might at any time have produced an explosion, and while there have been INDIVIDUAL INITIATIVE . disorderly and lawless acts on both sides, but few mob demonstrations have occurred, and these have I spent a full half-day in a school with a kinder- been apparently unpremeditated and certainly with- garten and eight grades, and I have never seen in out extensive damage either to property or person. any building more work from which I got sugges- The whole police force has, indeed, been on strike tions for editorials, method articles, and helps in duty; but this is because the disturbances are not lecturing on education. As I closed my study of localized, as they would be with most strikes. The the school I said to one of the grade teachers, whole vast area of the city has to be guarded, be- "How do you account for the variety and superior- cause teams may encounter trouble at any point on ity of the work in this building ?" any one of the great network of streets, from the " Individual initiative," she replied. "The super- "loop" to the city limits. In the very heart of the intendent, the special supervisors, and the principal city, however, crowds of women, children and men encourage individual initiative." move about as usual, without fear; and seldom is I went through a large and highly prosperous there any indication of danger except as an occa- manufacturing plant that has been going forward sional wagon, manned with a driver, a uniformed in royal fashion, and I said to one of the partners : policeman or two, and a private detective or two "How do you account for the phenomenal success armed with revolvers and rifles, weaves its way of your business ?" through the throng.-The Public. CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 5 (Continued from page 3.) of expression of thought. Before effective teach- of and absolutely necessary personality-where ing can go on, perfect ease of mind must be in- goes it ? here it has no encouragement, no breath . spired. Imagine yourself doing this. Indeed, a friendliness with each individual child is necessary The longer the list (after the first few subjects) before he will be truly reached by your instruction the worse the conditions for good teaching. With in any subject. Personally, he is not to be ignored. classes so large-fully twice too large, are they He is not to be misunderstood. He must not be not? the list of subjects should the more care- dazed. Those things hurt, badly, for life ; but the fully be kept short. first result is to take benefit out of your instruction. Has Mr. Maxwell considered all this and much It is foolish to attempt here reminders of diffi- cult conditions that exist and could not be changed more ? Probably he has; yet he, perhaps, has as quickly as could the length of the curriculum. not full and intimate knowledge of the life, the at- Such reminders would have to be too scanty to mosphere, in most of the primary school-rooms . assist anyone not in the work to a good idea of it. Has he relatives among the primary teachers-or To gain that it is necessary to seek much farther many personal friends who give him frank ac- than this page to question and ponder whether it counts of the work and their discoveries and be- is better in large classes of little children to have liefs about it ? Can he go-or can he send some many good subjects or to have a very few at a of the best teachers that he knows-for, say, thirty time, that teachers may aim for a careful, friendly, days into as many different primary rooms, and moral sort of school-life, with a dignity about it then into each of, perhaps, six rooms for several yet with much informality and much fun. consecutive days, remaining through the school hours ? Of course, only by slow, close study can They would be queer teachers who in daily com- the workings of a very full curriculum be realized panionship with children did not try hard and find -if it can by any means other than years of studi- ways to give the beginnings of knowledge in Mr. ous teaching in elementary grades . Maxwell's essential subjects if there were time and opportunity. But, crowd the subjects into a cur- In these grades the combination of conditions- riculum and there is not time or opportunity.- e. g., large classes, many subjects taught, short S. P. P. , in The School Journal. acquaintance of pupils with each teacher-causes, as a rule, a rigidity and monotony of behavior which is hard on body, morals, and mind. It shuts 'Tis better to be right than consistent and bet- off natural, free, vigorous thought, to say nothing ter still to be both. School Teachers EXAMINATION Accident and Health Insurance REQUIRED MEDICAL THE $3,000 CONTRACTS NO PROVIDE AS FOLLOWS : 9,655,793.02 ACCIDENTS TO PASSENGERS AGAINST ILLNESS ECEMBER On Railroad Trains, Electric or Cable Cars , Passen- $7.00 per week if the Assured shall suffer from LOSSES ger Elevators, Ferry Boats, Ocean, River or Sound Aneurism of Gall Stones Cirrhosis of Liver Aorta Gastritis Cerebral Apoplexy Passenger Steamships, and also while in Burning ATE Typhus Fever Chicken Pox Felon PAID 904 Buildings. Pneumonia Calculus (Renal) Gastro-Enteritis TO Typhoid Fever Enteritis Cystitis 31 In Case of Death $3,000 D ,$ Bright's Disease Malignant Pustule 1 Pleurisy For Loss of Both Feet 3,000 Diphtheria Endocarditis Mumps Loss of Both Hands 3,000 Appendicitis Scarlet Fever Yellow Fever ،، Diabetes Smallpox Scarlatina Loss of Both Eyes 3,000 Tonsilitis Peritonitis Pericarditis Loss of One Hand and One Foot 3,000 Phlebitis Varioloid Erysipelas “ Loss of One Hand or One Foot 1,500 Colitis Typhlitis Measles 500 Angina Pectoris Hemorrhoids Hepatitis Loss of One Eye . Laryngitis Nephritis Brain Fever Weekly Indemnity : 15 Cancer Epilepsy Asiatic Cholera Acute Cerebral Meningitis ORDINARY ACCIDENTS AGAINST BLINDNESS AND PARALYSIS In Case of Death $1,400 For the Irrecoverable Loss of the Sight of Both Eyes by For Loss of Both Feet 1,400 Disease $700 “ Loss of Both Hands 1,400 For the Permanent Paralysis of the Entire BODY, or of “ BOTH HANDS or of BOTH FEET, or of ONE HAND and “ Loss of Both Eyes 1,400 ONE FOOT 700 Loss of One Hand and One Foot 1,400 “ Loss of One Hand or One Foot 500 SPECIAL INDEMNITY FOR Loss of One Eye 250 DEATH FROM SUNSTROKE, FREEZING , Weekly Indemnity : 7. ASPHYXIATION, HYDROPHOBIA, $700 ANNUAL COST FOR ALL BENEFITS , $ 15.00. Larger Policies at Proportionate Rates. THE FIDELITY AND CASUALTY CO . , OF NEW YORK. F. A. HANCOCK , 601 New York Life Building , CHICAGO, ILL. 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION. allow stop-overs, in like manner, at Chautauqua The adjourned annual session and the regular Lake and Niagara Falls and on the return trip meeting of the Chicago Teachers' Federation will will include New York City. Baltimore and be held at 412 Masonic Temple, June 10, 1905 , at Ohio road grants stop-overs on return trip 10:30 a. m. at New York City, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington, Mountain Lake Park, Md. , Deer Admission by membership card only. Park, Md., and Oakland, Md. Grand Trunk The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teachers' -Lehigh Valley Route-stop-overs at Glen Sum- Federation will meet Wednesday, May 31, 1905, at mit, Pa. , Detroit, Niagara Falls and New York 4 p. m., in Room 814, Unity Bldg. City. On return trip, passengers who so desire FLORENCE E. TENNERRY, Cor. Secretary . may go by water from Buffalo to Detroit. Wa- bash-West Shore Route-stop-overs at Detroit, THE STORY OF THE STRIKE. Niagara Falls and New York City. Those desir- ing to may travel by boat between Detroit and As the BULLETIN goes to press there seems to Buffalo and between Albany and New York City. be some prospect of a settlement. We published The Lake Shore and Michigan Southern offers last week and are publishing this week articles, stop-overs at Put-in-Bay, Cedar Point or Niagara or portions of them, of what has appeared in The Falls. Public concerning this great struggle. These arti- Fare by differential lines $21.35 for round trip ; cles have seemed to us the most unbiased, unpreju- by other lines $23.35. diced story of the conflict which has appeared in Reservations may be made from now on. any publication. Transportation Committee: CATHARINE GOGGIN, ASBURY PARK AND THE N. Ε . Α . EMMA STEVENS , Arrangements are now completed for the N. E. FLORENCE E. TENNERRY. HARRIETTE T. TREADWELL. A. trip, and the following details of travel have been furnished by the various railroads. Erie railroad will grant stop-overs, going or returning, Loans to Teachers Teacher within going or returning limit of ticket, at Sager- town and Cambridge Springs, Pa.; Lakewood or If N. E. A. half-rates to New York, and cut Steam Ship rates to Europe attract you, pull the latchstring Jamestown on Chautauqua Lake, N. Y.; Niagara which is always out. Falls and New York City. Pennsylvania road will L. A. care FEDERATION BULLETIN, give stop-overs, in same way, at Baltimore, Wash- 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO, ILL. ington and Philadelphia. Nickel Plate road will National Educational Association GRAND TRUNK Asbury Park, N. J., July 3-7, 1905 LEHIGH VALLEY See that your tickets read via the DOUBLE TRACK ROUTE TO THE Lake Shore and Forty - Fourth Annual Meeting Michigan Southern NATIONAL AND EDUCATION New York Central Lines ASSOCIATION The ever popular and most direct route to New York and New England points. Stop overs at Put-in-Bay, Cedar Point or Niagara Falls. The superior facili- ASBURY PARK, N. J. ties and service of the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern and New York Central Lines are so well JULY 3rd to 7th, 1905 known, generally, as to require no special mention. A train every two hours including the " Twentieth Century Limited, " (20 hours, Chicago to New York) $21.35 FOR THE ROUND TRIP. the train of the age, and of world wide fame. The Lake Shore and Michigan Southern and the For further particulars as to dates of sale, return limit, New York Central Lines form the route selected by time of regular and special trains, sleeping car rates and the United States Government for transporting its reservations, stop-over privileges and descriptive matter, mails, which fact speaks volumes in itself. call at For further information, advertising matter, CHICAGO TEACHER'S FEDERATION】 sleeping car berths, etc. , address, or send to L. F. VOSBURGH, Genl. Western Passenger Agt. , LaSalle Street Station. J. H. BURGIS, C. P. & T. A. , Grand Trunk Railway System, or G. K. THOMPSON , Genl . Agent Passenger Dept. , 180 South Clark Street 249 South Clark St., cor. Jackson_Blvd., Chicago, III. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 7 The PICTURESQUE TEACHERS, ATTENTION ! "ERIE" Vacation will soon be here . Do you TO THE want to earn from $250 to $1,000 during that time? We have a special Ν. Ε. Α. proposition to make to you to sell the best secured guaranteed semi- annual dividend five per cent At Asbury Park. The " ERIE" Railroad Company with its own rails all the way from Chicago to New York, and trains operated entirely by block signal system, GOLD BONDS obtainable. offers exceptional advantages to the tourist in the scenery along its lines especially that along Distribution of surplus earnings in ad- the famous Deleware River . dition to guaranteed dividends . The " ERIE " operates wide vestibuled solid Monthly installment and other plans of through trains of the very latest design, new payment . Pullman sleepers, up to date day coaches, and The most profitable and perfectly se- a modern through Diner, serving all meals at cured means of saving. moderate prices. More than $2,000,000.00 paid to bond- holders. There are more stop-over points on the " ERIE” than any other line, ie, Sagertown, Pa. , Cam- Nearly $ 1,000,000.00 in assets . bridge Springs, Pa. , Lakewood or Jamestown on the renowned Chautauqua Lake, Niagara Falls CALL ON OR ADDKESS and New York City. Drop in the City Ticket office 234 Clark St. , N. H. CARTINHOUR, for rates, time tables, etc. No. 411 New York Life Bldg., CHICAGO Phone Har. 3274. Telephone Central 3419 "FOLLOW THE FLAG" WABASH WABASH TO THE N. E. A. Meeting at Asbury Park, N. J. TRAVEL VIA THE WABASH IN CONNECTION WITH THE WEST SHORE RY. STOP-OVERS allowed at Detroit, Niagara Falls and New York City, with the option of a delightful lake trip between Detroit and Buffalo , and a ride from Albany to New York via the Hudson River Day Line Steamers. Write for a free copy of Wabash N. E. A. Folder (illustrated) , giving full details. F. A. PALMER, A. G. P. A. 97 Adams Street, CHICAGO 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. PIANO BUYERS Find Strong Temptation -IN- May Sale -OF- The Manufacturers Annual Clearing at the Kimball Warerooms Means Much for Enrichment of the Home Life. Extraordinary piano buying continues at the Manufacturers' Warerooms 243 Wabash Ave., S. W. Cor. Jackson Blvd. Besides being a powerful appeal to the money-saving motive, this sale includes many instruments of the highest type of the piano maker's art. Kimball pianos are the product of a home factory. For years their praises have been sung by the world's masters in music. They are within reach of the purchaser of limited means, for they go directly from the great Kimball factories to the home. Unlimited resources of the producers enable them to give the purchaser possession of the instrument while making payment; hence the wisdom of many purchasers anticipating their wants by several months, for rarely do conditions bring such mighty inducements. MAY ONLY New Eastern Plano and Kimball Piano Player, regular price .......... ... .. $445 20 Rolls of Music, for operating the player ..... ............ 20 Total ..... .. $465 Special Offer, complete ............ $275 Easy Payments if Desired W. W. KIMBALL CO . (ESTABLISHED 1857) Southwest Corner of Wabash Ave. and Jackson Blvd. Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin Vol. IV. CHICAGO , MAY 26, 1905 . No. 25 THE SCARCITY OF TEACHERS . looking seriously to a career in this profession and making adequate preparation for it. Why are teachers scarce ? The economic law is that labor drifts from one occupation to another Excerpts from an Address Delivered Before the Cen- according to the relative inducements offered in each . At all times teachers have been drawn to tral Illinois Teachers' Association, at Peoria, their vocation by a variety of considerations . The April 1 , 1905, by David Felmley, President social position and public respect accorded to State Normal University. worthy teachers is no mean inducement. People who love knowledge for its own sake, not merely The statement of this question presumes that the for the uses to which it can be put, usually find de- prevailing scarcity of qualified teachers is a matter light in sharing their treasures with others. Many too, are attracted to the schoolroom by a genuine of common knowledge. It is certainly known to love of children . To most of us, I take it, teaching superintendents charged with the selection of is more than an occupation ; it is a veritable call- teachers. In more than one county in Illinois ing ; there has been something of a spiritual sum- school houses are standing empty because a suitable mons ; an ideal of bettering the world through the teacher cannot be found. County superintendents ministrations of the school, an ideal whose urgency have been obliged to lower their standard of re- has brought us to the teacher's desk. Along with quirements for admission to the profession, to re- these inducements has been the salary, which we ject fewer applicants for certificates. One county have valued nearly as much as a mark of the public superintendent reports that last year he rejected respect accorded us as for the material comforts only two, while two years before he turned away that it commands . forty-three. The upper classes in the State Normal schools are depleted by the constant calls for teach- Now as compared with other occupations it ers. They have not been able to meet one-fourth seems to me that the moral or spiritual induce- of the demands made upon them during the school ments to become a teacher are as potent as ever. year. Fewer students enter the State Normal But the question of salary is becoming in every schools . Why need they ? The schools must be sphere of activity a larger consideration than it provided with teachers. All who can pass muster has been in the past. with the county superintendent are reasonably sure The cause is fundamentally in the industrial of employment, while he in turn must level his changes that have removed the domestic industries requirements to the ability of the available candı- from home and farm to factory and shop. Our dates. The writer recalls four seniors in one vil- pioneer forefathers produced with their own hands lage high school that in May arranged to enter the nearly everything in or about their homes. They State Normal School at Normal in September. saw little of the wares of the merchant. Their September found them all teaching. The oppor- luxuries and personal adornments were largely the tunity to earn money for themselves was too tempt- product of their own taste and skill. Now the ing. Yet a high school graduate is well up in the world buys and sells relatively five times as much ranks. Superintendent Bayliss reports 4,428 teach- as a century ago. We serve others and are served ers last year without any high school education. by them. The measure of comforts that we shåll All these facts point to one conclusion. Teachers enjoy depends very largely upon our command of are growing scarce. An examination of the roll the market. The standard of living is determined in any particular county will show that many of the by these changed conditions. In spite of all the best teachers are leaving the work; the men to moralists may say in praise of the simple life, farm, to study law or medicine, to become insur- teachers know that to retain a due measure of re- ance agents and traveling salesmen, or to enter the spect in the eyes of the public, if not in their own, government service ; the women to marry, to be- they must in dress, in style of living, pay some re- come trained nurses, stenographers, responsible gard to the prevailing standards. The teacher, bookkeepers and saleswomen. There has always therefore is not to be upbraided because he some- been this outflow from the profession ; but just now times turns from his work to consider the question it is greater than before ; fewer young people are of pay. It is true that whether his salary be great ready to fill the vacant places ; and I think we nition of the teachers' profession, so long the twin must all agree that in view of the needs and re- themes of unmanly lamentations, and go to work. sponsibilities of modern education, too few are Demonstrate the value of professional skill. Every 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. body knows that the greatest waste of school money schools, endowing education more lavishly than any arises from the employment of incompetent teach- other people in the world. ers, while money wisely invested in good schools "2. They do not spend enough. The salaries of or small he owes all that he can give to the children teachers are not sufficient for the service the coun under his care; but when the day for signing a try desires and should have. The money lavished contract has arrived it is his privilege to make the on the schools goes to buildings and equipment best possible bargain. which are on a more generous scale than in Eng- Teachers' salaries in Illinois as a whole have un- land, but the teachers the living force of the doubtedly risen. * schools are kept short." * * * * * * "In many cases the actual money pay of teachers This is for the entire state. The increase, how- is higher in the United States than in England; ever, has been mainly in Cook county employing but reckoning the difference in the standard of liv- one-fourth of the teachers and in a few large cities ing, especially in those articles that are above ne- outside. In thirty-six counties, the average monthly cessities, both men and women are paid more in wages of men are lower than thirty years ago. In England than in America." ( Quoted from Indiana eighteen, women are paid less. There are still Report on Taxation and Teachers' Salaries. ) sixty-one counties in which the average salary of A fine school building especially appeals to the women teachers is less than $40 per month. Four American spirit. It is the pride of the town to be in which it is less than $30. In ten, men are paid exhibited to the prospective investor. It is regarded an average * * salary of less than $40 per month . * * * * * as a wise expenditure for advertising purposes. But teachers' wages are largely determined by cus In the meantime the population of the state has tom. No organization or trades-union methods doubled, its wealth has trebled. Land and all prod- have been operative to force them up. Competition ucts of the land have risen in value. Wages for has been unrestricted. With unrestricted competi- every other species of service demanding skill and tion wages are bound to sink to the lowest level at fidelity have risen. I need not burden you with which laborers will consent to live. This level is labor statistics. In 1902, the last year for which we reached in that large class of young women, fresh have complete statistics, the average annual earn- graduates of the public school who while living ings of all the workers, men, women, and children with their parents are willing to accept any small in 55 leading manufacturing industries in Illinois salary sufficient for their personal expenses. Wher- was $502.92. The average annual earnings of men ever school boards are willing to employ teachers teachers * for the same year were only $490.69 . with this standard of preparation, all discussion of * * * * * * the salary question is useless. In all these lines of skilled labor there has been a What wages should teachers receive ? What notable advance in wages during the past seven wages should be paid for any service ? The answer years. Coal miners' wages have practically doubled. is, society should provide for all its servants It is not necessary to multiply evidence on this charged with any vital function the conditions and point. It is a matter of common knowledge that the means essential to effective service. Teachers country schoolmaster is fortunate whose net earn- should be free to teach . The citizen teacher of the ings are better than those of a good farm hand. early days could teach in winter and farm in sum- Many good women teachers earn less than stenog- mer. Few teachers are content with the standard ** * raphers , seamstresses and cooks . More- of excellence then possible. Excellence in the call- over, the demands upon teachers have multiplied. ing now involves professional training, books and Institutes, books, periodicals, and summer schools magazines , summer schools, and institutes, travel, have brought home to them the need of profession- lectures, and concerts. A vacation outing is no ex- al preparation. When this need is realized, the travagance if it buys vigor and inspiration for the conscientious teacher feels that he must obtain the school room. The teacher's salary should be suffi- preparation or quit the ranks. I believe the demand cient to reimburse him for his outlay for profes- for this preparation is stronger among teachers sional training, to maintain his professional growth, than among employers. I have personally known to enable him to live in the part of the town, and several promising teachers who have left the work dress in the style that the community demands, to because they keenly felt this need but could not see bring up and educate his family and lay by some- in present salaries justification for making the thing for old age. necessary expenditures. In brief, his salary should provide as good a liv- The inadequate compensation is not because our ing as other men of equal character, ability, train- people as a whole do not believe in education, nor ing, and skill receive. * * * * * * * spend money generously for its support. During the past twenty-five years the cost of public edu- Three principal remedies for the present salary cation in Illinois has increased 175 per cent while situation are suggested. The first is a sort of population has increased only 70 per cent ; but the laissez-faire policy. It would say to teachers in the enlarged expenditures have been for fine buildings, words of Newton Bateman that the higher law by for equipment, apparatus, libraries ; and especially which teachers' salaries are graduated by the qual- for developing the somewhat expensive high schools ity of service rendered, and by the law of supply in our cities and towns. Salaries in the elementary and demand will not be set aside for their benefit, T schools have seen the least advance. that that law is unchangeable and inexorable, that it In the report of the Mosely Commission the is a cold, relentless, emotionless principle ofpolitical author says, " The most striking facts I have gath- economy which has controlled the whole question of ered are these : wages with a pitiless and despotic sway for cen- "I. That the people of the United States spend turies past. Hence the thing to do is to quit weep- a marvelous amount of money upon their public ing and wailing over low wages and the non-recog CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 3 yields greater dividends than any other investment, the preoccupation of the children in interesting and 1 dividends in the form of increased earning power, profitable work. dividends in knowledge, power, and character, divi- What we call the atmosphere of the schoolroom dends in good citizenship. There is plenty of room is not a decisive test. Often school exercises that higher up. If you are willing to spend the time, seem skillful and even beautiful are when judged thought, energy, perseverance, and money vital to by standards of ultimate educational value useless or worse . the best preparation and service, the world will recognize you, appreciate you, reward you. I cannot argue this point further. I submit the The trouble with this policy is that it presumes a proposition to your serious judgment that in no other form of service is the difference between true larger measure of interest in education and knowl- edge of good teaching than school boards yet pos- excellence and mediocrity harder to detect. This sess, or are likely to possess for a long time to fact puts trained and intelligent teachers at a seri- come. Teaching is harder to judge than any other ous disadvantage in competition with relatives of kind of expert service. In most service requiring the board with "deserving girls from the home special knowledge or skill, if we cannot judge of school," and the general pressure for "economy." the work while in progress, we can judge of its So long as there are 1,200 school boards in Illinois results. If the blacksmith is unskillful the horse to employ teachers we can scarce expect every- goes lame ; if the builder is a botcher, his roof where the power to discern and recognize good leaks, his doors sag, his paint scales, or his plaster teaching. The silent plea of efficient service will falls; the poor lawyer loses his case, the physician not alone bring the salary deserved. his patient ; but for poor teaching there is no A second remedy is legislative action prescribing prompt or ready test. In fact most otherwise well- the minimum salary that may be paid. Indiana with informed people have very hazy notions of what her closely knit school organization brings to pass the school ought to bring to pass. Our people be- reforms before we are fairly launched upon the lieve in education without knowing exactly what stage of discussion . * * * * * * * the word means. Suffice it to say that from a good school the youth should come forth with a body There can be, I think, no valid objection to such sound, healthy and graceful, with a mind fur- legislation. Teachers are public officers. The sal- nished with a goodly stock of knowledge of the aries and fees of many officers are prescribed by statutes . sciences that underlie our civilization, and of the * * * * * * * best literature in which its ideals and spirit are ex- pressed ; it will have trained his powers of percep- But such a minimum-salary law needs to be ac- tion and reasoning ; it will have established that companied by others. There should be some means scientific spirit which does not believe and take for of securing a higher standard of preparation, al- granted, but weighs and considers; it will have se- though this is likely to result from * * * * * higher pay. * * cured reasonable proficiency in reading, writing, drawing, computing, singing, speaking, and the art The third remedy is the policy that has been so of good behavior. effective in raising wages in the skilled trades and The daily administration of the good school will in raising the prices of hundreds of staple com- modities of commerce-organization. have established habits of punctuality, order, indus- * * * * * * *, try, courtesy, and self-control, of fidelity to obliga- Now most teachers do not take kindly to this gations, and a due sense of responsibility. It will idea of organization to enforce their demands. have implanted high ideals of life, the love of excel- lence, a passion for justice, a chivalrous sense of Personally I am strongly averse to*the plan. I be- * * lieve in the legislative remedy. Teach- honor; in brief, the school should turn out, to ers, however, know that when with their own earn- adapt the words of Milton, honest, honorable, high-minded men and women able to discharge ings they go into the market to buy the services of others , or the commodities of the manufacturers , justly, skillfully, and magnanimously all the duties they find in nearly ever case the price of such ser- of public and private life. vices or commodities enhanced by combinations Now the best teaching will not always bring this formed to control or resist competition. * * * * * * to pass. It may be nullified by the influence of * home and street, of press and stage. The point is that few employers know what to expect from the OPPORTUNITY. schools , fewer still can separate the mingled cur- rents in adult knowledge and character and trace Master of human destinies am I ! each to its source. In any case to judge of to-day's Fame, love and fortune on my footsteps wait. schools by results we must wait a generation. Evi- Cities and fields I walk; I penetrate dently, then, those charged with the employment Deserts and seas remote, and passing by and supervision of teachers need to know good Hovel and mart and palace, soon or late teaching when they see it. I knock unbidden once at every gate ! Now, the average man asks only two questions, If sleeping, wake; if feasting, rise before Do the children like the teacher ? Does he keep I turn away. It is the hour of fate, order ? Both are good tests as far as they go ; yet And those who follow me reach every state this audience knows that the affection of children Mortals desire, and conquer every foe is easily won; quite as easily by him who enter- Save death; but those who doubt or hesitate, tains as by him who instructs. The value of order Condemned to failure, penury and woe, in the schoolroom depends very much upon whether Seek me in vain and uselessly implore ; 1 it is secured by threats and bribes, by appeals to I answer not, and I return no more ! fear or selfishness; or whether it is secured through -John J. Ingalls. 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION THE CRY OF THE CHILDREN. BULLETIN [One million seven hundred and fifty thousand Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, children, between the ages of five and fifteen, Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, toil in the mines and factories of this country. ] December 23, 1901. By B. F. Austin, in Reason. THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the Have you heard the cry of the children, year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of The pitiful wail of the little ones, April and December, by the Chicago Teachers' Federation. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single Out of the mines and the workshops, copies, Five Cents. Out of the slums and the alleys, ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received by Tuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. Where cold and famine and fever, ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to the order of the Federation Bulletin. Where cruel neglect and oppression, MARGARET A. HALEY, Editor, Rob life of its joy and sunshine 814-816 Unity Building, CHICAGO And change its bright spring into winter ? Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. Oh, the heartrending cry of the children Rising up in chorus pathetic, A dirge and a dead march of childhood OUR ESTEEMED CONTEMPORARIES . Appealing to men and to angels And crying aloud unto heaven The misleading headlines and inaccurate reading For judgment against the oppressors ! matter in the report of the meeting of the Federation Oh, the sorrow and anguish and heartbreak of Labor on last Sunday, May 21, which appeared In the pitiful wail of the children ! in some of the leading newspapers, notably the Oh, list to the plea of the children, Chicago Tribune, makes it seem advisable to place The moan and the sigh of the innocent, a correct version before our readers . Their voiceless yet eloquent prayer, The Federation of Labor did not pass a resolu- From the death-breeding slums of the city, tion indorsing strikes among school children and From the danger and dark of the coal mines, condemning the Board of Education for its action From the hovels of vice and of squalor, in suppressing them. Where blows and chidings and curses A resolution, the text of which appeared in Mon- Take the place of love and caresses : day morning's papers, was handed in to the reading clerk and read by him. No delegate said a single "We hunger in God's land of plenty ; word in its support and it was immediately referred We languish for love and for kindness ; to the Executive Committee . We sicken and die in the darkness, With no one to help or to pity ; The delegates from the Chicago Teachers ' Fed- We toil in the mills and the coal mines, eration would most certainly have spoken against Like slaves, in the glad days of childhood ; the resolution had there been any need. We long for the fields and the flowers, The whole history of the Chicago Teachers ' Fed- To ramble about in the woodland, eration shows that it has always stood for the en- Yet we sicken and die in the alleys ! forcement of law, and the tangible results of its Oh, merciful God and His angels , work have, during the last few years, materially Have pity where man has no pity ! " increased the revenues of the state, county and city. This additional revenue has benefited every de- partment of the municipal government and the suc- WOMANLY INFLUENCE NEEDED IN GOVERN- cessful efforts of the teachers to secure the rev- MENT. enues lawfully due the state met no support from these same papers which now seek to discredit their Why should our mothers, wives and sisters be organization. kept disfranchised the same as criminals, idiots, slaves and insane ? I have often wondered how I was present at the Sunday meeting referred to. CATHARINE GOGGIN . " M much longer this government will continue to prac- tice this gross injustice. Our government to-day, with its civilization, is almost entirely masculine and wholly intellectual, Investigation among 16,000 school children of and therefore almost entirely destitute of affection Halle, in Germany, showed that the number of sick and morality, and this immorality in every depart- among the children attending morning and after- ment of our government is due to the subversion of noon sessions was one- half greater than among this feminine or moral factor of existence, and its children who attended sessions in the forenoon suppression has necessarily ended in inequality, con- only. A German scientist favors a morning ses- fusion and crime, until it has permeated every con- sion of five hours, giving a resting pause of fifteen dition of society from top to bottom. To have a minutes at the end of each hour. He says that the perfect government, best society and the highest afternoon sessions exhaust the vitality of the chil- state of civilization, justice and equality must be the dren, disturb their digestive organs and tire their foundation on which they are built. We must be brains. From a medical standpoint afternoon ses- not only intelligent, but we must love justice enough sions should be abolished. The afternoon hours to recognize both these factors or principles equally, should be given to play, outdoor exercise and and extend to them equal place, support and power. physical training. G. T. SONGER. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 5 TEACHERS, AΤΤΕΝΤΙON Vacation will soon be here. Do you want to earn from $250 to $ 1,000 during that time? We have a special proposition to make to you to sell the best secured guaranteed semi-annual dividend five per cent GOLD BONDS obtainable. Distribution and surplus earnings in addition to guaranteed dividends. Monthly install- ment and other plans of payment. The most profitable and perfectly secured means of saving. More than $2,000,000.00 paid to bondholders. Nearly $1,000,000.00 in assets. Call on or address , N. H. CARTINHOUR, 411 New York Life Bldg., CHICAGO TELEPHONE, CENTRAL 3419 BOARD OF EDUCATION . Miss Louie L. Kilbourn was nominated in Dis- tricts 1, 3, 5 and 11. Miss Mary I. Purer in Wednesday , May 24, 1905 . District 1. Miss Grace Reed in District 7. Miss Teresa M. Murphy in District 8. In District 9 The following recommendations were adopted : there was no meeting. ASSIGNMENTS, ETC. OF VARIOUS EMPLOYES . Owing to the fact that in many schools the notices were not received until Friday, and in some The Committee on Buildings and Grounds pre- cases, on account of the necessary absence of the sents herewith a list of assignments, separations, etc., of various employes, made in accordance with principal, not opened until Monday, the meetings were smaller than usual. civil service requirements : Mrs. Hayes and Mrs. Fursman are the present Assignments. trustees . Miss Kilbourn is a teacher in the Wil- Bernard J. Heeney, superintendent of construc- lard school . Miss Purer is principal of the La Fay- tion, Architect's Department . ette and Miss Reed of the Drake school. Miss Edward McConville, watchman. Murphy is head assistant of the Goldsmith school. David F. Ford, watchman. Separations . Charles Frederick Johnson, substitute dairyman and farm hand at the Parental School . George L. Meservey, substitute watchman. Resignation. The PICTURESQUE John A. Rogers, draughtsman, Architect's De- partment. Changes in Salaries of Engineers . (Effective May 1, 1905.) "ERIE" John M. Devine, engineer, Ellen Mitchell School, TO THE from $279.40 to $280.65 . Alexander Thrusell, engineer, Newberry School, Ν. Ε. Α. from $207.22 to $208.47 . William E. Compher, engineer, Pestalozzi School, At Asbury Park. from $03.02 to $94.27. Discharge Engineer After Trial The " ERIE" Railroad Company with its own rails all the way from Chicago to New York, and The Committee on Buildings and Grounds re- trains operated entirely by block signal system, ports that, under date of May 3, 1905, charges offers exceptional advantages to the tourist in were preferred against Nils W. Frohman, engineer of the Manierre School building, that said Nils W. the scenery along its lines especially that along the famous Deleware River. Frohman was furnished with a copy of the charges, that a full and complete hearing was given, and, The " ERIE " operates wide vestibuled 'solid after careful consideration the committee found through trains of the very latest design, new the charges sustained, and recommends that said Pullman sleepers, up to date day coaches, and Nils W. Frohman be discharged from the service a modern through Diner, serving all meals at of the Board of Education . moderate prices. There are more stop-over points on the "ERIE " than any other line, ie, Sagertown, Pa. , Cam- PENSION TRUSTEES . bridge Springs, Pa. , Lakewood or Jamestown on The following nominations for pension trustees the renowned Chautauqua Lake, Niagara Falls were made at the meetings in the various school dis- and New York City. tricts Saturday morning, May 20. Mrs. Serena H. Drop in the City Ticket office 234 Clark St., Haves was nominated in Districts 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, for rates, time tables, etc. 10, 11 , 12, 13 and 14. Mrs. Ida L. Fursman was Phone Har. 3274. nominated in Districts 2, 4, 6, 8, 11, 12, 13 and 14. 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION. The new Normal School will be opened for inspec- The adjourned annual session and the regular tion as will also the Chicago Public School Exhibit from the St. Louis Fair. meeting of the Chicago Teachers' Federation will As an active member of the Alumni Association be held at 412 Masonic Temple, June 10, 1905, at 10:30 a. m. you are urged to invite all graduates and friends of the school. The association consists of the Admission by membership card only. graduates of the Normal Department of the Cen- The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teachers' tral High School '56 to '77, of the North Side Federation will meet Wednesday, May 31, 1905, at Training School '93 to '96, of the Cook County 4 p. m., in Room 814, Unity Bldg. Normal School, and the present Chicago Normal FLORENCE E. TENNERRY, School. All classes and teachers will reunite in the Cor. Seoretary. southeast kindergarten room where a reception will be held from 12 to 1, followed by luncheon in as- ALUMNI DAY. sembly hall. Please remit dues (50c) promptly and state on coin card whether or not you expect to be present. Luncheon tickets will be 50c, and may be secured Annual Reunion of the Chicago Normal School Alumni from the treasurer by mail or at the door. Association , Saturday , June 3rd, 1905 at Sincerely yours, the Normal Practice School . L. DOW MCNEFF, President. Chicago, Ill., May 24, 1905. ADELE LACKNER, Vice-President. Dear Friend : ALICE NICHOLS, Secretary. The Chicago Normal Alumni Association will EDWARD A. JACKSON, Treasurer. hold its annual reunion in the assembly hall of the [Rock Island trains leave LaSalle street station at Normal Practice School on Saturday, June 3, at I 11:45 a. m. and 12:15 p. m. ] o'clock. You are cordially invited to attend. Addresses will be delivered by Superintendent E. G. Cooley, Dr. Emil G. Hirsch, P. Shelley Old Party: Boy, you'll catch cold if you get your O'Ryan of the Board of Education, Principal Ar- feet wet in that puddle. nold Tompkins, and Wilbur S. Jackman of the Small Boy : Dat's what I'm after. I'm a-goin' to School of Education, who will act as toastmaster. speak " Spartacus to de Gladiators" at school on Mr. O. T. Bright will report the progress of the Friday, an' I wants to git me voice hoarse.-Chi- Colonel Francis W. Parker Memorial Committee. cago News. National Educational Association GRAND TRUNK Asbury Park, N. J., July 3-7, 1905 LEHIGH VALLEY See that your tickets read via the DOUBLE TRACK ROUTE TO THE Lake Shore and Forty- Fourth Annual Meeting Michigan Southern ΝΑΤΙΟΝAL and New York Central EDUCATION The perfect passenger service of the LAKE SHORE & ASSOCIATION MICHIGAN SOUTHERN RY. , in connection with the New York Central, forms the safest and most attractive route ASBURY PARK, N. J. to the convention of the NATIONAL EDUCATION AS- SOCIATION at Asbury Park. Tickets will be sold at very low rates June 29, 30, July 1 JULY 3rd to 7th, 1905 and 2, good returning not later than July 10, with privilege of extension of return limit to August 31 by deposit of ticket and payment of fee of 50 cents. Stop-over can be had at $21.35 FOR THE ROUND TRIP. New York City on return trip only providing ticket has been executed at Asbury Park and is deposited with Joint For further particulars as to dates of sale, return limit, Agent at New York City and fee of $1.00 paid at time of deposit. time of regular and special trains, sleeping car rates and For itinerary and further particulars address , reservations, stop-over privileges and descriptive matter, call at L. F. VOSBURGH, CHICAGO TEACHER'S FEDERATION Gen. Western Passenger Agent, Chicago or send to C. F. DALY, Passenger Traffic Manager, Chicago J. H. BURGIS, A. J. SMITH, C. P. & T. A., Grand Trunk Railway System, Gen. Passenger Agent, Cleveland, O. 249 South Clark St., cor. Jackson Blvd., Chicago, III. CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 7 . SPECIAL SCHOOL TEACHERS' POLICY! ACCIDENT AND HEALTH INSURANCE ! Guarantees that your INCOME will continue when ILLNESS or ACCIDENT prevents the earning of it The $3,000.00 Contract, $ 7.00 per week indemnity Cost $15.00 The 6,000.00 14.00 " 30.00 " " " 66 The 9,000.00 21.00 45.00 The Fidelity & Casualty Company of New York, the largest CASUALTY Company in America, organized in 1876 ; assets $6,791,185.19, surplus to policy- holders $2, 186, 230.47, losses paid to date over $20,000,000, now offers that which WOMEN have for years sought-INSURANCE GRANTING INDEMNITY AGAINST ILLNESS AS WELL AS ACCIDENT ! When SICKNESS or ACCIDENT, with its added burden of expense, be- falls you and causes your income to cease, then you will appreciate what it is to have this PROTECTION, This is the most valuable INSURANCE ever offered. Take it now before going on your VACATION. Fill out the application printed below and mail to THE FIDELITY & CASUALTY COMPANY OF NEW YORK F. A. HANCOCK, 601 New York Life Building, CHICAGO, ILL. Note:--When desired, payments may be arranged $8.00 on delivery of policy; balance $7.00 November 1st. Larger policies, proportionate payments. THE FIDELITY & CASUALTY CO . OF NEW YORK You may send me The $ .................. Contract. $ per week indemnity. Cost $. Name, M ...... My Age .... Height . Weight .. Name in full. The Beneficiary ' s Relationship. Address I. I have no Accident or Health Insurance except as follows : { (The name of Company and amount in each to be stated above ) K. No application ever made by me for accident , life or health insurance has been declined , and no such insurance issued to me has been cancelled , or renewal refused, except as herein stated. L. I have never received indemnity for any accident or illness except as herein stated. N. My habits of life are correct and temperate and I am in sound condition mentally and physically as herein stated O. I have not been disabled nor have I received medical or surgical attention during the past seven years except as follows: In for ..... lasting . (State year.) (State disability. ) (State duration.) In.. for. lasting . 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . BALTIMORE & OHIO RAILROAD Through Sleeping Car Route RATE- For the Forty-fourth Annual Convention of the must be deposited with the depot ticket agent immediately up- National Educational Association, to be held at Asbury Park, on arrival at stop-over points for which no fee will be charged. New Jersey, July 3 to 7, 1905, the BALTIMORE AND OHIO ROUTES- The BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAILROAD operates RAILROAD will sell tickets at $21.35 from Chicago to Asbury two vestibuled limited trains daily between Chicago and the Park and return. The sleeping car fare will be $5.00 per eastern cities. berth in each direction. The New York Express leaves at 10:40 A. M. , and runs DATES OF SALE AND RETURN LIMITS-Tickets will be via Wheeling, Grafton, Cumberland, Harper's Ferry, sold June 29, 30, July 1 and 2, and be valid for return leav- Washington, D. C. , Baltimore and Philadelphia. This ing Asbury Park not earlier than July 3 nor later than July train passes through the Glades of the Allegheny Mountains 10, subject to an extension of return limit until August 31, and through the Potomac Valley in day time. by depositing ticket with the Joint Agent at Asbury Park not The Royal Blue Limited departs at 3:30 P. M. , and runs later than July 10, and on payment of a fee of 50 cents at via Pittsburg, Cumberland, Harper's Ferry, Washington , time of deposit. Baltimore and Philadelphia. This train passes over the STOP-OTER PRIVILEGES- On the going trip stop-over Alleghany Mountains and along the Monongahela, Youghi- will be allowed at Washington, D. C. , Baltimore and Phila- oghany, Casselman and Potomac Rivers in day time. At delphia within the going transit limit of the ticket, July 4.- Pittsburg an observation car is attached from which the On the return trip stop-over will be allowed at New magnificent mountain scenery can be viewed to the best York City until August 31, provided ticket has been validated advantage. by the Joint Agent at Asbury Park, and is deposited by the Both of these trains are equipped with elegant day original purchaser with the Joint Agent at New York not coaches as well as Pullman sleeping cars of the latest de- later than one day after validation at Asbury Park, and sign, and meals are served in dining cars. upon payment af a fee of $ 1.00 at the time of deposit. THE NEW YORK EXPRESS AND THE ROYAL BLUE LIM . Stop-over will also be allowed on the return trip at ITED WILL CARRY THROUGH SLEEPING CARS TO ASBURY PARK. Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington, D. C. , until July 10 on tickets which have not been extended and not to ex- INFORMATION-For sleeping car reservations and fur- ceed ten days at each place on tickets which have been ex- ther information call on or address W. W. Picking, District tended, also at Deer Park, Mountain Lake Park and Oak- Passenger Agent, No. 244 Clark Street, Chicago. An ela- land, Maryland, but in no case will stop-over be allowed be- borately illustrated and fully descriptive booklet distributed yond August 31, 1905. To obtain these stop-overs, tickets free of charge . D. B. MARTIN B. N. AUSTIN Manager Passenger Traffic General Passenger Agent Baltimore, Md. Chicago "FOLLOW THE FLAG" WABASH WABASH TO THE N. E. A. Meeting at Asbury Park, N. J. TRAVEL VIA THE WABASH IN CONNECTION WITH THE WEST SHORE RY . STOP-OVERS allowed at Detroit, Niagara Falls and New York City, with the option of a delightful lake trip between Detroit and Buffalo, and a ride from Albany to New York via the Hudson River Day Line Steamers . Write for a free copy of Wabash N. E. A. Folder ( illustrated), giving full details. F. A. PALMER, A. G. P. A. 97 Adams Street, CHICAGO Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin Vol. IV. CHICAGO , JUNE 2, 1905. No. 26. EDUCATION . tions, the creative individuals were always regarded with suspicion. In unnumbered instances they were Education as Creation . killed off without due process of law. In our own enlightened day, under the influence of atavistic in- Education in its highest sense is the result of stincts, even we sometimes follow them to the limits creative processes. Its value in any generation is of ridicule and slander. Controlled by such notions, measured directly by what that generation brings the parent became the model for the child, and the forth as a creation which is new, and but indirectly ideals of the race were fixed by tradition. There by what it produces that is merely an imitation of was nothing to do but to imitate ; nothing else was the old. Production is primary, conservation is sec- safe. The children, made to feel that they were ondary ; conservation, indeed, can be assured only actually bad like some example of wickedness, were when production creates from old things new forms taught that they should be good like some type of that are consecrated to higher uses. virtue. Therefore, the prominence which is given to imitation in education is due more to an old and all The materials, it is true, are as ancient as the but discarded theory of human life than it is to sci- foundations of time; but every generation, every entific conclusions derived from modern psychology. race, and every individual, so far as there is genuine Enlightened thought now demands that the education, weaves out of this primitive wealth com- binations and results that are distinct creations . If teacher and parent shall solve the difficult problem of substituting in the curriculum as its basis origi- he is to have an educative growth, every human be- nal work which is creative for imitative work which ing, from his earliest years, must be a creator. The is illustrative. The task is most perplexing, because school and home are truly educational only so far as the entire machinery of the schools, from the curri- they provide materials suited to the creative abilities culum to the details of the recitation, has been fitted of children, and furnish an immediate stimulus for up for work of the illustrative type. their exercise. Marks of Creative Work. A False Psychology. Creation involves three things : initiative, form The theory that the educational process is es- and organization. That is, the motive must originate sentially imitative, and not creative, especially in the with him who creates; the choice of form must be formative years of childhood, is as old as psychology his, and the whole must be organized in accordance itself, and in practice to-day the proposition stands with his ideas concerning the properties of ma- almost unchallenged. It is the prolonged and gen- terials and the fitness of things. For example, a shelf eral acceptance of this theory that renders it so dif- may furnish the motive for a decoration ! the form ficult to initiate and carry forward the reforms that chosen may be that of a vase, and this may be con- are most needed in the educational field. Yet the structed (organized) from materials, new in such psychologist who evolved the notion could not have creations , and in keeping with a design entirely been more serenely unconscious of the facts had he unique. Such work is truly creative, and as a type been theorizing in a childless world. Most of the it is but rarely found in school. The average curri- psychologists since his day, disciple-like and equally culum is formed on the theory that the pupils are blind, have merely passed along the fallacy of their imitators, not creators, and consequently it is im- masters. This idea is an interesting but mischievous posed. The daily lessons, in scope and character, relic of the old and primitive "faculty psychology" and the modes of expression are prescribed, and all that prevailed a generation or two ago, and it is the activities of the school are reduced as nearly as extremely unfortunate that it should still so com- possible to that monotonous routine known to the pletely dominate the field of elementary as well as devotee of system as "regular work," which offers that of higher instruction. Nobody, at present, be- no play for the creative intelligence in either thought lieves in education by sections ; the sense at one time, or deed. the intellect at another, and the will at still another. The Entering Wedge. It is no less absurd to assume that a distinctly imita- tive period must precede the creative. The constructive idea now being realized in vari- Genesis of Imitation in Education . ous forms of hand-work represents the thin end of the wedge that is opening the way to reform. Any- In the past, however, other reasons have existed thing which involves the hand immediately arouses for laying stress in education upon imitation rather the creative instincts. Much of this work, how- than upon creation. Under pre-evolutionary concep- ever, is still of the illustrative type, merely reproduç 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. tive, or imitative, and in the beginning it was all of be presented as a vital aspect of every activity be- this character. In wood, for example, the "exer- cause it is necessary to its intelligent development. cises" were all once manacled to a set of models that This will change the continuum of history, now made no claim upon the creative powers through zealously adhered to, from a serial and chronological either their use or their beauty. chain of events to the gradual organization of all the facts that lie at the foundation of the different Constructive Idea Applied. activities in present life. At present, nearly all subjects in the curriculum Science . make some application of the constructive idea. The lessons of history are vivified by reproducing typical Through the direct study of nature, supported by creations of other days. Science becomes some- history, the pupil will learn by degrees what the what more real by the performance of more or less real material and ethical problems are for his genera- well-selected experiments set by book and teacher. tion, and from nature's substance and his own re- Mathematics has been improved through its applica- sources by his own creative methods he will attempt tions to prescribed construction. Something of both their solution. the technique and the spirit of art is acquired by re- Art Creations . producing the work of the masters. This all rep- resents a distinct improvement upon the old regime Every creative activity will have its artistic as- of books and lectures , and such exercises will al- pect; for when the soul enters a creation, then and ways form an organic and necessary part of an there art is born. Art- forms are now rarely creative. educational system. They do little more than tickle the sense with the The High- Water Mark. pleasures of a fleeting hour-and they are worth all they cost for that ! But when the lives of the chil- But the high-water mark in school-teaching will dren are properly enriched, music, painting, draw- be reached only when such work becomes secondary ing, sculpture and the rest will come forth as crea- because it is supplementary and subsidiary. Only tions-the radiant allies of speech. In language when the dominant note of the school is clearly growing fluent and supple, the pupils will learn to creative does it lay direct hold upon the vital and wreathe in descriptive, dramatic, and poetic forms continuous interests of the children and become es- the subtlest creations of which the human mind is sentially educative. capable. Interest Is in Creation . Creation Transforms . This is true regardless of subject-matter or ma- Creative work transforms the individual. Through terial on the one hand, and age or sex on the other, it, alone, he grows and maintains a personality that and to this fact some curious schoolroom phenomena makes him different from others. Through it, alone, are due. Patrons of the University Elementary his generation rises above all that have preceded. Imitation is a training in conformity. It holds the School frequently marvel that the boys of all ages delight in cooking and textiles, while the girls are creative instincts in abeyance until at maturity it is equally interested in woodwork and other forms of the exceptional man or woman who is not hopelessly bound by the shackles of convention. If he would heavier manual training . The reason, however, is clear. It is not that there is anything inherent in ever create he must override the prejudices ground into him by the schools, and, even then, the daring either the dough, or the cloth, or the wood, or the freedom of childhood but rarely comes again. The iron, but rather because the work under all these gospel of conformity teaches that the best has been heads is largely creative. In none of these does the done that naught remains for us but imitation. essence of the study consist merely in blind ad- This , too, in face of the practical fact that the dis- herence to a prescribed recipe or pattern ; nor is it coveries of to-day have sent to the scrap-heap the solely concerned with a perfunctory analysis of ma- brilliant inventions of yesterday! The effect is not terials. It is because an aim is set up that is unique ; less marked in the realm of morals. Generally speak- it is somewhat new because it is personal-it is be- ing, the ethical code of the school has been copied cause the ages-old materials must be combined to fit from that which once served the purpose of the gen- new occasions that the interest is enlisted and the eration that developed it, but it is far below what. best original efforts, and consequently the highest under present conditions, the pupils can create for educational results, are obtained. themselves. In early years the creations take visible form largely in wood, clay, cloth and other materials. But Reforms and Expense. under the influence of right motives, along with the There is widespread opposition to reform in edu- growing outward forms, there start up unconscious- ly within the child tender germs of æsthetic and cation on the grounds of expense. It requires more moral ideals which, gradually taking on more and money now for the proper maintenance of a school, more robust growth, finally make the man a leader it is true, than it did a generation or two ago . But and a prophet in his generation. the added expense is only an incident of the times; just as our grocery bills have expanded mainly from The New Curriculum . causes not directly related to the things we eat. The real difference between the old and the new in edu- The shifting of the curriculum to a creative basis cation is not financial, but spiritual. It lies in the will greatly modify its present form and function. new views now held concerning the individual and Hitherto, we have sought knowledge of the future his functions as a member of society . Education is controlled by a belief in the past: hereafter, we a practical matter, and, therefore, the best is al- shall seek knowledge of the past inspired by a belief ways the cheapest. A creative and productive mem- in the future. History is not a thing apart; it should ber of society will increase the resources from which CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 3 the support of the schools may be drawn; while the mercial establishments, taking positions which in- imitator of outlived results entails upon the social volve a great deal of telephoning, should as a part body a perpetual loss. It is not a question of finance, of their equipment undergo a certain modicum of therefore, but of vision. voice training in a good school of oratory. The Trained Teachers Needed . School Journal. The era of education as a creative process will be COURAGE, STRENGTH AND LOVE. marked, not by its material resources, but by its teachers . Our school houses are good enough ; now, It takes great strength to live where you belong, let there be trained teachers, then we shall have When other people think that you are wrong ; schools. Such teachers will be equipped, of course , People you love, and who love you, and whose with knowledge ; but above all they will be trained Approval is a pleasure you would choose ; in discernment-in the power to see and appreciate To bear this pressure and succeed at length the fundamental things in human growth and in its In living your belief-well, it takes strength ! output of character. They, too, must be creative, and, to create, they must be free. The present sys- And courage, too. But what does courage mean, tem that grinds and chafes at every move was de- Save strength to help you face a pain foreseen ? veloped under archaic ideals, and it has therefore Courage to undertake this lifelong strain become in large measure antiquated and useless. Of setting yours against your grandsire's brain; The organization of the schools must grow out of Dangerous risk of walking lone and free the professional necessities of the teachers, the Out of the easy paths that used to be, greatest of which is that even the poorest shall be And the fierce pain of hurting those we love free to put the best of himself into his work. Under When love meets truth, and truth must ride above? such conditions, every teacher and every child will But the best courage man has ever shown become a positive creative moral force in the up- Is daring to cut loose and think alone. building of the social structure.-W. S. J. in The Elementary School Teacher, April, 1905. It takes great love to stir a human heart To live beyond the others and apart. IMPROVEMENT OF THE SPEAKING VOICE . A love that is not shallow, is not small ; Is not for one, or two, but for them all. Mr. William H. Kenney, head of the voice de- Love that can wound love, tho' the heart may partment of the Emerson College of Oratory, bleed; Boston, has recently started up a very interesting Love that can lose love, family and friend ; discussion regarding the effect of the telephone Yet steadfastly live, loving to the end. upon the American voice. Mr. Kenney believes A love that asks no answer, that can live that the habit of using the telephone frequently, as Moved by one burning deathless force-to give. so many of us have to do nowadays, is destined eventually very largely to influence the character Love, strength and courage ; courage, strength of our national speaking voice. The defects of our and love! ordinary utterance are so well-known and have The heroes of all times are built thereof. been so mercilessly exposed by whole generations -Charlotte Perkins Gilman. of voice teachers, that we can certainly congratu- late ourselves if the convenient little talking instru- A method of valuing land for taxation, almost ment is going to produce so desirable a result. Mr. automatic, has been in operation in St. Paul for Kenney thinks that of the three types of voice several years, and is about to be taken up in Chi- which the teachers of oratory recognize-namely, cago. This is the Somers method, the utility of the speaking voice, the singing voice, and the ora- which was demonstrated in Cleveland by Mayor torical voice the first is the one which is being Johnson. Mr. Somers has been invited to come to directly affected, but that, just as exercise in swim- Chicago and apply his method here. The invita- ming makes an athlete better in boxing or fencing tion was urged upon the county assessors by the or almost any other department of athletics, so the real estate board of the city. The characteristic of habit of speaking clearly over the telephone is Mr. Somers' system is thus correctly though briefly slowly improving all kinds of vocal utterance. described by the Record- Herald : " The carefully This amelioration in the speaking voice is par- established value of a lot in the center of each ticularly noticeable among people who have occa- block is used as a 'key valuation,' from which the sion frequently to use the long-distance telephone. valuation of the remaining lots in the block is de- In speaking over the lines from New York to Chi- termined mathematically upon an established ratio." cago or from Boston to Kansas City one needs to By this means inequalities of taxation are approxi- raise the voice a little above the ordinary, yet with- mately prevented, and favoritism without easy de- out any effect of shouting. Above all there must tection is impossible.-The Public. be sharpness and clearness of enunciation. In- deed, in the telephone offices the operators, particu- larly those who have a great deal of long-dis- If you imagine you are the whole thing, and that tance work to do, are coached on certain combina- the world cannot get along without you, just stick tions of vowels and consonants which are liable to your finger in a bowl of water and then withdraw be misunderstood. Most novices who talk over the it and see how much of a hole it leaves. long-distance lines for the first time have, unless they happen to be persons who possess well- When a man once lets his will power, his am- trained voices, to be coached by skilled operators. bition and his nerve get separated it is a hard mat- Mr. Kenney believes that employes of large com- ter to get them together again . 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION A NATIONAL ISSUE . BULLETIN In the March Cosmopolitan John Brisben Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, Walker enumerates the issues before the American Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, people. There are twenty-two in all, and the six- December 23, 1901. teenth one is : "Equal rights before the law for all-men and women." THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of April and December, by the Chicago Teachers ' Federation. That phrase, "men and women," is significant of THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single much. copies, Five Cents. ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received If we say " all," why should it be necessary to by Tuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to add "men and women" ? That little phrase bears the order of the Federation Bulletin. witness to a vast injustice which has left its record MARGARET A. HALEY, Editor, on the language of many centuries. If Richard 814-816 Unity Building, CHICAGO Chevenix French were alive to-day he might add Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. a paragraph or two to his "Study of Words," stating that the disfranchisement of women in this enlightened age of the world has led to a singular change in the meaning of certain words. When AN ALARMING DANGER IN THE SOUTH . political matters were being discussed the word "people" and "citizens" meant, not men and women, The South has been bearing a heavy educational but men only, and "all" signified not the whole peo- burden for a third of a century, and it will not be ple, but men only. The day is not far off, however, surprising if it wearies in well doing. Many com- when these words will be restored to their original munities are seriously considering the reduction of estate. Half a century ago the movement for school privileges for the blacks. With this we do woman's enfranchisement was only a subject for not quarrel, at least not now, but it was clear from silly, vulgar ridicule. To-day it is a national issue. the first that such an attitude of mind could not end LIDA CALVERT OBENCHAIN . with the colored race. If the tax-payers need not furnish adequate education for the colored children, they need not to the poor whites. Already one well- SOME DAY THE JUSTICE OF WOMAN SUFF- to-do city of Georgia, with 20,000 inhabitants, pro- RAGE WILL BE RECOGNIZED . poses to make the public high school self-support- ing. This can only mean that only such children as can pay tuition can attend, and this means fewer Woman suffrage will be accepted as a matter of teachers and ultimately poorer teachers . course, and the only wonder will be that it was so long delayed. Every succeeding year finds the po- This means that it will be a private and not a sition of the opponents of woman suffrage less public school, and, of course, this means that at an logical and increasingly untenable. early day any pretense of having a public high The inexorable logic of self-evident facts and school will be abandoned. The people will never every-day observation, with a sense of justice and permanently vote for any institution that is for a fair dealing, will eventually lead to woman suffrage select few . as it has already led to manhood suffrage. To hold - The Journal of Education has never been of those otherwise is to assert superiority on the part of the who believe that the South can be reformed from man as a man which cannot be successfully main- outside any more than Utah or Chicago or Boston tained, and which has already come to be very gen- can be, and it has no disposition to read a lecture to erally looked upon as absurd. Woman, even when taking no active part in the movement for ballot any city in the South, but it does ask in deep sin- cerity if anyone, familiar with the tendency of extension, has been steadily and rapidly preparing American life, will pretend for a moment that any herself for the exercise of the rights of citizen- pretense can be had for expecting a permanent pub- ship, and most when she has been most uncon- lic high school on a self-supporting basis, and when scious of it, and the change, when it comes, will the high school is gone, will not precisely the same be seen to have been as natural as any process of line of argument affect the upper grammar grades ? normal development. Where will it stop ? The other day there was observed and celebrated in New York the thirtieth anniversary of the first We should view with alarm the same tendency day's work by a woman typewriter. It is only in Minnesota or Massachusetts . We are members necessary to reflect on the change in business one of another, and when one member suffers, all methods which has been wrought in thirty years by the members suffer with it. For our sake as well as the advent of the woman typewriter and stenog- for their own we most sincerely hope every thrifty rapher to perceive how rapid has been the recog- city of 20,000 inhabitants, at least, will maintain a nition of woman's capacity in fields from which she public high school, and that it will be free. Journal was formerly excluded altogether. And this is but of Education. a single instance among many. Woman is daily demonstrating her fitness and capacity in all fields of thought and activity save in that of citizenship, and the time is not far distant when the most nar- The great man is poised and satisfied-no matter row-minded and most egotistic of men will feel that what happens. The little man is always full of it is downright injustice to deny her a voice in trouble; and this trouble he always lays to the the affairs of government.-Manchester ( Ν. Η.) fault of others . Union. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 5 THINGS I WANT TO SEE . WOMAN SUFFRAGE . A paring of nail from the finger of scorn, Woman suffrage is going to be one of the great A glove from the hand of fate, issues of the day and must be met and settled right. A shoe once worn by the foot of a tree, The women are capable in every respect to exercise And a piece of a nickle-plate. the right of suffrage, more so in fact, than many of the men to the manor born, or the foreigners who A hat from off the head of a street, come here and are entitled to vote in five years after A tooth from the mouth of a brook, taking out their naturalization papers at the call and A curl clipped from the brow of a hill, behest of the political boss of his election district. With women voting it would tend to make clean- And a fish caught with Sandy Hook. er politics ; it would tend to minimize the influence of the ward heelers and hangers on of the party A feather pulled from a mountain's crest, in power ; it would cause politicians to bring out And some out of fancy's wings , men for office with cleaner and better records in A hinge that came from the Golden Gate, order to appeal to the votes of the women, who And some pieces of Sulphur Springs . would be sure to look into their capabilities and in- quire into their antecedents in a more thorough and The pig that ate from the trough of the sea, effective way than most men do. This, of itself, is The lid of a box on the ear, alone worth conferring the right of suffrage to women. The dog that gave the bark of a tree, And a necklace of beads on beer . Indeed, anything which will tend to make our politics and candidates abler, cleaner, better, cannot be instituted any too soon ; and one of the best The knives that go with the forks of the road, measures to help it along will be woman suffrage.- And a flash from a needle's eye, Dover, N. J., Index. A few receipted mosquito bills, And the wings of a long foul fly. : IS IT A CRIME TO MARRY? The hair that grows on the tail of a kite, Also on a cabbage head, A bill has been introduced in the New York The leaf that fell from a family tree, Legislature by Assemblyman Hartman to amend the And a sheet from a river's bed. charter of New York City so that henceforward any teacher in the public schools who marries shall Of all these things I have often thought, thereby forfeit her position. The board of educa- But none of them chanced to see, tion tried to enforce a similar rule, but it was pro- The showman who can collect them all nounced unconstitutional by the courts. The meas- Must greater than Barnum be. ure is vicious, both because it interferes with per- The Western Teacher. sonal liberty, and because it assumes that a school appointment ought to be awarded not to the best teacher but to the neediest applicant. This is clear- ly implied in the clause of the bill which provides CONCERNING WOMEN . that a teacher dismissed for marrying may be re- appointed if her husband is too ill to work or if he Queen Wilhelmina's crown, which is very gor- has deserted her. To be logical, Mr. Hartman geous, is made of dull gold, with only the edges ought to have made his bill provide that no man or polished. A circle of sapphires and emeralds in- woman shall be eligible to appointment as a teacher closed a crimson cap and the sixteen points of the unless he or she has no other means of support ; imperial arches are mounted with large single and that any male or female teacher who may in- pearls. herit a fortune shall be at once dismissed. Under the proposed bill, a poor man's wife could not teach, The most remarkable women's rights demonstra- but a millionaire's daughter could. It is to be tion ever held in London took place in the queen's hoped that the bill will be defeated, and that a hall the other night, when over 100 members of teacher's tenure of office will continue to depend on parliament and candidates pledged to support the good teaching, and not on enforced celibacy. women's suffrage cause confronted 1,800 fair agi- tators. Many women could not gain admittance and a small hall was used for the overflow. John ONE EXCEPTION . Morley, who once ranged himself with the forces hostile to the woman's cause, sent the following significant message : "Few now hold that the chief A correspondent sends us the following extract business of women is the kitchen and the nursery. from the pious petition of a good old colored broth- Plain social facts are against that odious and er in a Georgia settlement : ignoble view. Great hosts of women in constantly "Lawd, we wants a blessin' fer ever' one, 'cept increasing proportions earn their bread with their one ; en dat one is a yaller nigger what boarded de own hands, and the female worker in a Scottish railroad train en runned off wid de whole collec- printing office or a Lancashire cotton mill is as tion what wuz took up ter pay my salary wid ! much entitled to a voice in the laws that regulate Lawd, please make de train jump de track-don't her toil as is the man. "-The Daily News, April hurt de yuther passengers, but take off one leg fum 6, 1905. dat nigger. "-Atlanta Constitution. 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . ! CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION. EXCURSION FOR THE BENEFIT OF The adjourned annual session and the regular HICAGO TEACHERS' PENSION FUND meeting of the Chicago Teachers' Federation will To Starved Rock, Saturday , June 17, 1905 Via. Rock be held at 412 Masonic Temple, June 10, 1905, at Island R. R. , Round Trip , $ 1.50 . 10:30 a. m. Admission by membership card only. Round trip from Utica station to Starved Rock The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teachers ' via trolly 20 cts., boat 15 cts. To Deer Park via bus, Federation will meet Tuesday, June 13, 1905, at round trip 50 cts. Admission to either park 10 cts . Train leaves Chicago from La Salle station 8:30 and 4:30 p. m., in Room 814, Unity Bldg. 9:00 a. m., returning 6:00 and 8:00 p. m. Before FLORENCE E. TENNERRY, Cor. Secretary. June 3 kindly notify committee number in your school that will attend. MISS MARY T. KOEHLE, Chairman Committee District II, ALUMNI DAY. 331 Bowen Avenue . JERSEY'S WELCOME TO Ν. Ε. Α. Annual Reunion of the Chicago Normal School Alumni Association , Saturday , June 3rd , 1905 at the Normal Practice School . The state of New Jersey is preparing to extend a lavish welcome when the National Educational As- Chicago, Ill. , May 24, 1905. sociation meets in Asbury Park and Ocean Grove, Dear Friend : N. J., July 3-8. A committee of 100, with William The Chicago Normal Alumni Association will Swingle, superintendent of the Orange schools, at hold its annual reunion in the assembly hall of the the head, has been named to prepare a suitable re- Normal Practice School on Saturday, June 3, at I ception for all N. E. A. visitors. Headquarters will o'clock. You are cordially invited to attend. be established in the Coleman House. Addresses will be delivered by Superintendent E. G. Cooley, Dr. Emil G. Hirsch, P. Shelley O'Ryan of the Board of Education, Principal Ar- REGISTERING N. E. A. VISITORS . nold Tompkins, and Wilbur S. Jackman of the School of Education, who will act as toastmaster. The thousands of educators and their friends who Mr. O. T. Bright will report the progress of the will go to Asbury Park and Ocean Grove, N. J. , Colonel Francis W. Parker Memorial Committee. July 3-8 to attend the convention of the National The new Normal School will be opened for inspec- Educational Association will be immensely pleased tion as will also the Chicago Public School Exhibit with the facilities provided for registration and the from the St. Louis Fair. validation of tickets. The big new casino directly As an active member of the Alumni Association on the boardwalk opposite N. E. A. headquarters, you are urged to invite all graduates and friends will be given over during convention week exclu- of the school. The association consists of the sively for these purposes, affording the most con- graduates of the Normal Department of the Cen- venient arrangements for handling thousands of tral High School '56 to '77, of the North Side people speedily and comfortably. At most of the Training School '93 to '96, of the Cook County N. E. A. conventions conditions have been the re- verse . Normal School, and the present Chicago Normal School . All classes and teachers will reunite in the southeast kindergarten room where a reception will HE WOULDN'T FIGHT . be held from 12 to 1, followed by luncheon in as- sembly hall. Judge Sylvester Dana, was for some years judge Please remit dues ( 50c) promptly and state on of the police court in Concord, N. H., always en- coin card whether or not you expect to be present. deavored to smooth over any little difference be- Luncheon tickets will be 50c, and may be secured tween persons brought before him. On one occa- from the treasurer by mail or at the door. sion the charge was for a technical assault, and it Sincerely yours, came out in the course of the evidence that the L. Dow McNEFF, President . parties were neighbors and had been on the best of ADELE LACKNER, Vice-President. terms for some years . ALICE NICHOLS, Secretary. " It is a great pity," said the judge, "that old EDWARD A. JACKSON, Treasurer. friends, as you seem to have been, should appear [Rock Island trains leave LaSalle street station at before me in such a way. Surely this is a case which might be settled out of court ?" 11:45 a. m. and 12:15 p. m. ] " It can't be done, judge," answered the plaintiff, moodily. " I thought of that myself, but the cur won't fight. "-Boston Herald. Loans to Teachers BY Teacher EDUCATIONAL DEPARTMENT . If N. E. A. half-rates to New York, and cut Steam Ship rates to Europe attract you, pull the latchstring The Educational Department will meet Tuesday, which is always out. L. A. care FEDERATION BULLETIN, June 6, at 4:30 p . m., in Room 814, Unity building, 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO, ILL. to determine the disposition of the balance of Edu- cational Fund. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 7 TEACHERS, ATTENTION! The PICTURESQUE Vacation will soon be here . Do you want to earn "ERIE" from $250 to $1,000 TO THE during that time? We have a special proposition to make to you to sell the best secured guaranteed semi- annual Ν. Ε . Α. dividend five per cent . At Asbury Park. The " ERIE" Railroad Company with its own GOLD BONDS rails all the way from Chicago to New York, and trains operated entirely by block signal system, obtainable . offers exceptional advantages to the tourist in the scenery along its lines especially that along Distribution of surplus earnings in ad- the famous Deleware River. dition to guaranteed dividends . Monthly installment and other plans of The " ERIE " operates wide vestibuled solid payment. • through trains of the very latest design, new The most profitable and perfectly se- Pullman sleepers, up to date day coaches, and cured means of saving. a modern through Diner, serving all meals at More than $2,000,000.00 paid to bond- moderate prices. holders . There are more stop-over points on the " ERIE " Nearly $1,000,000.00 in assets . than any other line, ie, Sagertown, Pa. , Cam- bridge Springs, Pa. , Lakewood or Jamestown on the renowned Chautauqua Lake, Niagara Falls CALL ON OR ADDRESS and New York City. N. H. CARTINHOUR, Drop in the City Ticket office 234 Clark St. , 6 CHICAGO for rates, time tables, etc. No. 411 New York Life Bldg., Phone Har. 3274. Telephone Central 3419 National Educational Association GRAND TRUNK Asbury Park, N. J., July 3-7, 1905 LEHIGH VALLEY See that your tickets read via the DOUBLE TRACK ROUTE TO THE Lake Shore and Forty - Fourth Annual Meeting Michigan Southern ΝΑΤΙΟΝAL EDUCATION and New York Central The perfect passenger service of the LAKE SHORE & ASSOCIATION MICHIGAN SOUTHERN RY ., in connection with the New York Central, forms the safest and most attractive route ASBURY PARK, N. J. to the convention of the NATIONAL EDUCATION AS- SOCIATION at Asbury Park. Tickets will be sold at very low rates June 29, 30, July 1 JULY 3rd to 7th, 1905 and 2, good returning not later than July 10, with privilege of extension of return limit to August 31 by deposit of ticket and payment of fee of 50 cents. Stop-over can be had at $21.35 FOR THE ROUND TRIP. New York City on return trip only providing ticket has been executed at Asbury Park and is deposited with Joint For further particulars as to dates of sale, return limit, Agent at New York City and fee of $1.00 paid at time of deposit. time of regular and special trains, sleeping car rates and For itinerary and further particulars address, reservations, stop-over privileges and descriptive matter, call at L. F. VOSBURGH , CHICAGO TEACHER'S FEDERATION Gen. Western Passenger Agent, Chicago or send to C. F. DALY, Passenger Traffic Manager, Chicago J. H. BURGIS, A. J. SMITH, C. P. & T. A. , Grand Trunk Railway System, Gen. Passenger Agent, Cleveland,O. 249 South Clark St., cor. Jackson_Blvd., Chicago, III. 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. BALTIMORE & OHIO RAILROAD Through Sleeping Car Route RATE- For the Forty-fourth Annual Convention of the must be deposited with the depot ticket agent immediately up- National Educational Association, to be held at Asbury Park, on arrival at stop-over points for which no fee will be charged. New Jersey, July 3 to 7, 1905, the BALTIMORE AND OHIO ROUTES- The BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAILROAD operates RAILROAD will sell tickets at $21.35 from Chicago to Asbury two vestibuled limited trains daily between Chicago and the Park and return. The sleeping car fare will be $5.00 per eastern cities . berth in each direction . The New York Express leaves at 10:40 A. M. , and runs DATES OF SALE AND RETURN LIMITS-Tickets will be via Wheeling, Grafton, Cumberland, Harper's Ferry, sold June 29, 30, July 1 and 2, and be valid for return leav- Washington, D. C. , Baltimore and Philadelphia. This ing Asbury Park not earlier thanJuly 3 nor later than July train passes through the Glades of the Allegheny Mountains 10, subject to an extension of return limit until August 31 , and through the Potomac Valley in day time. by depositing ticket with the Joint Agent at Asbury Park not The Royal Blue Limited departs at 3:30 P. M. , and runs later than July 10, and on payment of a fee of 50 cents at via Pittsburg, Cumberland, Harper's Ferry, Washington, time of deposit. Baltimore and Philadelphia. This train passes over the STOP -OTER PRIVILEGES- On the going trip stop-over Alleghany Mountains and along the Monongahela, Youghi- will be allowed at Washington, D. C. , Baltimore and Phila- oghany. Casselman and Potomac Rivers in day time. At delphia within the going transit limit of the ticket, July 4. Pittsburg an observation car is attached from which the Onthe return trip stop-over will be allowed at New | magnificent mountain scenery can be viewed to the best York City untilAugust31, provided ticket has been validated advantage. by the Joint Agent at Asbury Park, and is deposited by the Both of these trains are equipped with elegant day original purchaser with the Joint Agent at New York not coaches as well as Pullman sleeping cars of the latest de- later than one day after validation at Asbury Park, and sign, and meals are served in dining cars. upon payment af a fee of $ 1.00 at the time of deposit. 1 THE NEW YORK EXPRESS AND THE ROYAL BLUE LIM . Stop-over will also be allowed on the return trip at ITED WILL CARRY THROUGH SLEEPING CARS TO ASBURY PARK . Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington, D. C. , until July 10 on tickets which have not been extended and not to ex- INFORMATION-For sleeping car reservations and fur- ceed ten days at each place on tickets which have been ex- ther information call on or address W. W. Picking, District tended, also at Deer Park, Mountain Lake Park and Oak- | Passenger Agent, No. 244 Clark Street, Chicago. An ela- land, Maryland, but in no case will stop-over be allowed be- borately illustrated and fully descriptive booklet distributed yond August 31, 1905. To obtain these stop-overs, tickets free of charge. D. B. MARTIN B. N. AUSTIN Manager Passenger Traffic General Passenger Agent Baltimore, Md . Chicago "FOLLOW THE FLAG " SWABASH TO THE WABASH N. E. A. Meeting at Asbury Park, N. J. TRAVEL VIA THE WABASH IN CONNECTION WITH THE WEST SHORE RY. STOP- OVERS allowed at Detroit, Niagara Falls and New York City, with the option of a delightful lake trip between Detroit and Buffalo, and a ride from Albany to New York via the Hudson River Day Line Steamers . Write for a free copy of Wabash N. E. A. Folder (illustrated), giving full details. F. A. PALMER, A. G. P. A. 97 Adams Street, CHICAGO Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin Vol. IV. CHICAGO , JUNE 9, 1905. No 27. SCHOOL FRATERNITIES . chief organizing influence has come through the exercise of the play instinct, the unguarded in- ference is that it is now proposed to socialize the An Organization Versus An Aggregation . school through play alone ; or, what comes to the A social institution is an organism, and not sim- same thing, by the introduction of work which ply "a sum of particulars" ; hence, there are some shall be turned into play ! It is through this per- difficulties that arise at present under the head of verted idea that the New Education stands charged school government. We are still applying means with triviality in its methods and with a disregard and methods in the effort to develop a social organ- for that robust discipline which comes through ization which are appropriate only in the formation sturdy and purposeful work. Nothing could be of a body having the agglutinant characteristics of farther from the truth. Students in the philosophy an aggregation. Few people realize that the trans- of education are slowly coming to understand that formation of a school of the old type into a social the spelling-book, as such; that the endless repeti- body involves anything more serious than a mere tions which usually accompany "formal number" ; change of name ; whereas, it actually means a rev- that the struggle with words merely for the sake olution. of a vocabulary in reading; that the wrestle with Drill Work Anti- Social. technical grammar as an introduction to the study The dead and persistent drill upon the three of language that all these and other subjects of R's, backed up by the birch, by bribes, by prom- like kind, as they generally appear pear in the schools, ises of promotion, by threats and by cajolery, has are essentially unsocial in their influence. Such but a feeble, socializing power. It is, on the con- students believe that herein lies the greatest ob- stacle to that reform which seeks to socialize the trary, extremely individualistic in its influence schools . If this so-called work is to be removed through the unwholesome rivalry which it always promotes. There can be no true social life unless from its present dominating position in the curri- there is a problem of common moment which must culum, it is as yet inconceivable to most people be solved by all. Under the usual school regime how there can be anything to take its place except few such problems are presented, and as a result, play. It is only too true that in many schools so far as what is considered actual school work is where the old technical drills have been discarded, concerned, each pupil sinks back more and more in a measure, the teachers have been unable to find into himself, and, to a corresponding degree, he anything worthy to take their place, and there at inclines to become suspicious of his fellows and, once develops a tendency toward inferior social therefore, distinctly anti-social. types of organization. These lower social units Social Organization Through Play . taking root readily in a school where many of the old arbitrary means of control have been aban- All schools, however, have always had some so- doned, inevitably become immediately inimical to cial life of a more or less organized character. In the broader interests of the school as a whole . the plays and games outside of school hours ; in the The Genesis of Fraternities . stolen whispers of the study and recitation periods ; in the clandestine schemes laid for the discomfiture An interesting, but exceedingly troublesome il- lustration of this is found in the recent rapid de- of the teacher ; in the literary societies, and in many other ways through the exercise of their social velopment of fraternities and sororities in the high schools . These organizations have acquired a instincts, the pupils have managed to make their school days tolerable for themselves, and, to a like strength and significance that seriously threaten, in extent, often intolerable for the teacher. But these different ways, the welfare of the schools. Upon aspects of school life have been, and still are, con- this point perhaps a large majority of teachers are sidered as diversions, as incidents and somewhat agreed ; and yet it will tax the wisest counselor of youth to the end of his wits to present the cause of as detriments to what is called, in school parlance, the school against that of the fraternity with a the " regular work. " It is largely due to this fact power that will convince . that in most schools the socializing process as yet remains inchoate . There can be no doubt that this phase of social development is a rank, wild growth that has al- Social Organization Not Through Play Alone . most taken possession of the schools in this transi- There is a misconception, almost universal, con- tion stage which connects the old anti-social period cerning the organizing center of the school as a with the new life that is to be socialized through social body. Recognizing that in the past the common effort in legitimate work. The fraternity 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. idea strikes at the root of social life, as it is em- they want to do the "square thing" and to do it bodied in democracy's ideal, and it is of sufficient in a large way. Nothing could more clearly testi- importance, therefore, to demand the most careful fy to the utter mismanagement of these pupils by attention. both teachers and parents than the fact that we find The Chapter House . them given over to the selfishness of the fraternity There is no need to dwell upon certain features idea. This is because there is precious little con- of fraternities which are so obviously pernicious as nection between the subject-matter of the average to require no special presentation. One of these is high school curriculum and the things about which the so-called chapter house, that often consists of a the pupils at this stage of life actually are thinking. small cottage in which are sequestered during their In matters of daily living, those things of the most hours of leisure from six to a dozen or more young intense present interest and importance to them, men. While most parents and teachers are keenly they are left generally to shift for themselves. alert to the dangers of such association through the They naturally flounder, make mistakes , form bad development of certain physical and moral vices habits and often generate low and wrong ideals which are apt to beset young people of this age, that distort their vision and enormously diminish in many cases they seem to be stone-blind to the their happiness and usefulness in after-life. greater danger that lies in the development of false It is the period in education which should be ideas of life. devoted concretely to the training for citizenship Group Influence. through the development of true democratic ideals. This should not be attempted merely through a few In making inquiry, therefore, into the value of set lessons in civics, but through a systematic social fraternity life among the children, it is necessary organization of the school as a whole. The social to test it entirely in accordance with its power to life of the children, involving, through both work contribute to the welfare of the school as a social and play, all their community relationships to each whole. The school, being a social organization, other, should be the center and the controlling in- has a right to demand that every individual con- fluence in the school work. In such an organiza- tribute the best that is in him to the good of all. tion, naturally, there would be groups ; but the In making this contribution, it is perfectly nat- group influence, instead of being centered within ural that much should be done through groups its own narrow limits, would be diffused through- around certain centers that have definite ideals . out the entire school. This would put the school in The groups being formed, the school, however, still line with democracy, which is distinguished by a true has the right to exact the same things from them exaltation of the individual of every individual. that it does from the individuals namely, the best No school can afford to exist a day without the best that they can contribute to the general social wel- that every pupil can contribute to the life of all. fare. If, now, the fraternities and sororities are The pupils can be thoroughly imbued with the so contributing, if they are wielding an influence principles of democracy only by actually living them that is tending to blend all the diverse interests out during this most impressionable period of their of the school toward one end, the social uplift of lives. Many people feel that the various class dis- all, how does it happen that in schools where these tinctions developed in fraternity life must be nat- societies exist the classrooms and corridors are ural. Let no one be so deceived. The distinctions thronged with those who are shivering under the made are in the main the result of a worship of frost of ostracism ? A true social system is satisfied false standards of life; they are the result of wrong with nothing short of the best that is in every in- ideals, and the effect is as sinister and pernicious dividual that belongs to it. But here is a system, upon the members as it is humiliating and embit- masquerading as social, which, at the best, is in- tering upon those who are not. different to the good influences which great num- False Reasoning . bers of the pupils might exert, and, at the worst, it deliberately sets about preventing the individual It is impossible to estimate the wrong inflicted from giving his best to the school. Whether in the upon those who are not members by the school that fraternity or out of it, there is no difference in permits fraternities. Pupils frequently appeal to principle ; certain well-defined lines are established their teachers or principal for the reason that they beyond which the members may not go, and over are not allowed to join them. The stock reply is which the non-member may not pass. The good full of sophistry, obvious to the dullest pupil. It that the fraternity seeks is the good of the small generally takes the form : " You are now face to coterie composing it-it is distinctly selfish and face with one of the conditions of life. You can- narrow. To assume anything else is ridiculous; for not always expect to 'belong.' You are bound to if it were really the good of the whole, it could not be 'left out' of some thing. This is one of them. and would not confine its membership to a few. You must learn to stand alone." The teacher may It is essentially aristocratic, and it must, there- mean well, but, in view of what the pupil has a right fore, come into direct conflict, as it does at every to expect and demand of the school, such an answer point, with the proper organization of the school, is little less than brutal. It is the ages- old answer which is essentially democratic . of the aristocrat to the common people, of the king The point to be clearly emphasized is that to the serf. It in no way resembles the frank in- through the fraternities and sororities the group in- tercourse between man and man in the organization fluence is wrongly directed. The individuals com- of a democracy. Such a teacher fails utterly to posing the societies possess many elements of lead- grasp the situation, and he does not give the correct ership, as well as social and other qualities that reply. The case is not parallel with the conditions are the life of the school, and it is most desirable of after-life, and if it were, it is this " condition of to cultivate them. These young people are at an life" that a school fitting its pupils for democracy age when they are susceptible to good impulses ; (Continued on page 4.) CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 3 STARVED ROCK . EXCURSION TO STARVED ROCK . BOARD OF EDUCATION . Wednesday June 7 , 1905 . There is no more restful spot to be found than the The following recommendations were adopted : shore of the Illinois river, where it sweeps by the Assignments and Transfers of Teachers. great cliffs in the vicinity of Starved Rock. Our Assignments . state is beautiful, but we must admit that it is flat. Josephine Battisfore, Dante School . The eye wearies of broad, flat prairies, though they Elizabeth Benning, Monroe School . be rich in harvest and in promise, and longs for Marcella D. Costello, Schiller School. hills, for cliffs and for canons. Along the Illinois Jude E. Davis, Smyth School. Elizabeth Goodman, Medill School . may be found the refreshing variety, the grateful Harriet Frances Hollis, Thorp School . ruggedness which takes the mind out of dull mo- Linnie S. Hurd, Schley School. notony and gives to it some of Nature's own vigor Sarah McClelland, Nash School . and strength. Many days might be spent in this de- Helen I. Peck, Froebel School. lightful region without exhausting its power to Elsie Pickens , Walsh School . Tessie Schottenfels, Jones School . charm. There are cliffs to climb, cool, fern-lined Martha Severance, West Pullman School. canons and grottos to explore, woods, birds and Nettie Shapiro, Mulligan School . flowers and the never-ending beauties of the river. Grace Stewart, LaSalle School. There are short trips to surrounding places of beau- Lucy V. Sullivan, Lloyd School . ty and interest, to Deer Park by boat up the river Ethel Test, Langland School . Transfers. or by carriage through the woods and green de- Mary F. Dawson, from Lloyd to Nixon School . licious country lanes. Every locality, every cliff, Cora D. Fulton, from Longfellow to Gladstone rock and canon has a legend or a superstition for School. the lover of lore. Of these the best known is the Anna E. Mack, from Langland to Irving Park School. tragic story of the rock itself. Standing upon Alice O'Donnell, Fuller to Harrison School. its topmost point, we look out over a scene of Mary E. Ryan, Langland to Armour School . plenty lying in the calm of a fair summer day and Ella G. Walsh, from Brainard to Medill School . we think of the stoical heroism of the Indian na- Mary L. Spengler, from Walsh to Brainard ture. Looking upon the broad sweep of the river School. Teachers Placed on the Unassigned List. they suffered from thirst ; looking upon plenty, they starved ; looking upon the broadest freedom, they That the following named teachers be placed on died imprisoned. And now, after the years, we the unassigned list in accordance with the rules : wonder why. Hilman L. Enander, Alcott School. The excursion planned for Saturday, June 17, M. Therese Exselsen, Yale Practice. will be as happy an occasion as wise supervision, Anna G. Hancock, La Salle School. pleasant companionship and rest from care can Florence R. Liebenstein, La Salle School. make it. Helen C. Ott, Columbus School . 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION (Continued from page 2.) BULLETIN must train against. The teacher replying thus dis- Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, regards the rights of the individual, and he salaams and kowtows to the self-appointed aristocracy of Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, December 23, 1901. his school. The boy has rights. The school ad- vertises open doors and all privileges to those who THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the are well behaved and who can pay the price. Un- year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of April and December, by the Chicago Teachers ' Federation. der these conditions the boy enters. He is well- THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single copies , Five Cents. intentioned and instinctively he feels that he owes ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received his best to the school. He knows he can realize by Tuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to this most fully through association with his fellows. the order of the Federation Bulletin. At this point he finds himself barred by fraternity MARGARET A. HALEY, Editor, lines ; moreover, he finds a school posing under the 814-816 Unity Building, CHICAGO social theory, yet actually sanctioning an internal Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. organization that deliberately sets itself to humiliate and handicap him as an individual. He finds the Claribel Petrie, Headley School . school does not live up to what it advertises, and Mary E. Rochford, Seward School . that it has sold him a gold brick. If such a pupil Kate F. Whitcomb, Von Humboldt School. were to go into court, it seems as if he should Resignations of Teachers Accepted, stand a chance of getting an order compelling the John Winchell Bare, Parental School. school to lift the boycott. It is the function of the Margaret O. Drawert, Harrison School. school, if it be the true cradle of democracy, to re- Minnie S. Hall, Mitchell School. move such conditions and to train its pupils in Charlotte A. Lamb, La Salle School. rational and humane methods of so doing. Mary McClements, Schley School . The genius of the American parent is against Perry S. Patterson, Froebel School . the spirit of the fraternity. When one contrasts Report of Married Teachers . the effect upon the character of his child that a Phillips High School-Name before marriage, school will have which is broken up into fraternity Edith L. Neal ; name after marriage, Edith N. factions, with the effect which a training for a sim- Perrine. ilar length of time would have in an institution Audubon School-Name before marriage, Mattie founded upon the principles that govern Hull A. Marshall ; name after marriage, Mattie M. House, or which dominated the Cook County Nor- Crouch. mal School in Colonel Parker's time, there is simply Everett School-Name before marriage, Phoebe but one conclusion possible. The one trains the B. Fournier ; name after marriage, Phoebe F. Mar- pupils at this most teachable period of their lives shall. in all the old social prejudices and traditions that Hamline School-Name before marriage, Eliza- the race is doing its best to slough off ; the other beth Quinlan; name after marriage, Elizabeth broadens and deepens the sympathies ; it schools the Hannan. older in the care of the younger, and it teaches Jackson School-Name before marriage, Frances the younger to trust the older. It trains the strong E. Law ; name after marriage, Frances E. Baldwin. to look after the weak, that the strength of the Jirka School-Name before marriage, Mabel M. former may be more surely conserved. In fine, it Donahugh ; name after marriage, Mabel D. Novak. educates into that broad citizenship which, while McPherson School-Name before marriage, Jen- recognizing the inestimable value of individual in- nie L. Harp ; name after marriage, Jennie L tegrity, constitutes the true democratic state. Snyder. The Real Solution . ENGINEERS, JANITORS, ETC. Assignments, Separations Etc. Schools can and no doubt will, in time, purge Assignments. Marshall G. Shannon, engineer, themselves of fraternities by arbitrary means. But Manierre School . the spirit that begot them will still remain, and, Temporary Assignments. Amelia Williams , Jan- until the school distinctly improves the quality of its itress, Eugene Field School Branch ; Elizabeth A. work, it will walk the earth unsatisfied. The radi- Morrison, stenographer, Superintendent's Depart- cal cure lies deep in the fundamental constitution ment. of the school and in the motives that control its Separations . Edward H. Bade, substitute en- life. We can socialize the schools only through gineer, Louis Nettelhorst School ; Edward Durkin, the performance of actual social service, and up to substitute engineer, Manierre School ; Amelia Wil- date practically no means of social service in the liams, janitress, Ambrose E. Burnside School " regular work" of the school has been provided. Branch; John Kenney, substitute day engineer, Fraternities flourish where the pupils are idle ; they Lake High School (new) Building ; Thomas H. represent the feeblest and most primitive effort on Murphy, substitute night engineer, Lake High the part of the school to organize itself socially ; School ( new) Building . they are natural because there is no larger demand Reinstatements. George S. Phillips, engineer, made for the exercise of the social qualities. When Louis Nettelhorst School ; Nora Fidram, janitress, the home and school successfully enlist these qual- Ambrose E. Burnside School Branch . ities in the broader interests of both, the fraternity Leave of Absence.--Marinda Young, janitress, idea will be abandoned in the course of a natural Eugene Field School Branch, for a period of 90 evolution.-W. S. J. in The Elementary School days or less from June 1, 1905, owing to illness. Teacher, May, 1905. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 5 TEACHERS, ΑΤΤΕΝΤΙON Vacation will soon be here. Do you want to earn from $250 to $ 1,000 during that time? We have a special proposition to make to you to sell the best secured guaranteed semi- annual dividend five per cent GOLD BONDS obtainable. Distribution and surplus earnings in addition to guaranteed dividends . Monthly install- ment and other plans of payment. The most profitable and perfectly secured means of saving. More than $2,000,000.00 paid to bondholders. Nearly $1,000,000.00 in assets. Call on or address , N. H. CARTINHOUR, 411 New York Life Bldg., CHICAGO TELEPHONE , CENTRAL 3419 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION . EXCURSION FOR THE BENEFIT OF CHICAGO TEACHERS ' PENSION FUND The adjourned annual session and the regular To Starved Rock, Saturday , June 17 , 1905 Via . Rock meeting of the Chicago Teachers' Federation will Island R. R. , Round Trip, $ 1.50. be held at 412 Masonic Temple, June 10, 1905, at Round trip from Utica station to Starved Rock 10:30 a. m. via trolly 20 cts ., boat 15 cts. To Deer Park via bus , round trip 50 cts. Admission to either park 10 cts . Admission by membership card only. Train leaves Chicago from La Salle station 8:30 and The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teachers' 9:00 a. m., returning 6:00 and 8:00 p. m. Before Federation will meet Tuesday, June 13, 1905, at June 3 kindly notify committee number in your school that will attend. 4:30 p. m., in Room 814, Unity Bldg. MISS MARY T. KOEHLE, FLORENCE E. TENNERRY, Chairman Committee District 11, Cor. Secretary . 331 Bowen Avenue. TWO PERSONALLY CONDUCTED SPECIAL TRAINS Chicago to Asbury Park Via New York OVER THE PENNSYLVANIA LINES ACCOUNT NATIONAL EDUCATIONAL ASSOCIATION CONVENTION The first will leave Chicago at 10:05 a. m. June 29th, via Pan Handle Route- fare for the round trip, $21.35. The second will be run over the Fort Wayne Route, leaving Chicago at 1:00 p. m. July 1st-fare, $23.35 for the round trip. Both trains will have coaches and sleepers Chicago to Asbury Park without change. Excursion tickets will also be sold for regular trains of June 29th and 30th, July 1st and 2nd, at same rates ; namely, $21.35 via Pan Handle Route and $23.35 over the Fort Wayne Route. Liberal return limits. At the above rates tickets can be purchased reading via Washington allowing stop over at Baltimore, Washington, Philadelphia and New York. For further information and sleeping car space, call at city office, 248 S. Clark St. , or address C. L. KIMBALL, Assistant General Passenger Agent No. 2 SHERMAN STREET, CHICAGO 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CULTURE LEISURE ECONOMY The PICTURESQUE "ERIE" University Travel TO THE It would be difficult to combine pleasure and profit to better Ν. Ε. Α. advantage than by joining one of the Art, History, or Archaeo- At Asbury Park. logy Tours organized by the The " ERIE" Railroad Company with its own Bureau of University Travel. rails all the way from Chicago to New York, and Over ninety itineraries offered . trains operated entirely by block signal system, offers exceptional advantages to the tourist in Lectures by Specialists . the scenery along its lines especially that along PRICES . $ 400.00 UP . the famous Deleware River. The "ERIE " operates wide vestibuled solid through trains of the very latest design, new Cruise on our private yacht frona Pullman sleepers, up to date day coaches, and Italy, August 8, covering all the a modern through Diner, serving all meals at moderate prices. principal places of the Ancient There are more stop-over points on the " ERIE " Greek World , from Sicily to than any other line, ie, Sagertown, Pa. , Cam- Constantinople, including a bridge Springs, Pa. , Lakewood or Jamestown on week in Athens . Scholarly the renowned Chautauqua Lake, Niagara Falls leadership. Apply now. and New York City. Drop in the City Ticket office 234 Clark St. , Bureau of University Travel for rates , time tables, etc. 635 Fine Arts Building Phone Har. 3274. GRAND TRUNK National Educational Association Asbury Park, N. J., July 3-7, 1905 LEHIGH VALLEY DOUBLE TRACK ROUTE See that your tickets read via the TO THE Lake Shore and Forty- Fourth Annual Meeting Michigan Southern ΝΑΤΙΟΝAL EDUCATION and New York Central The perfect passenger service of the LAKE SHORE & ASSOCIATION MICHIGAN SOUTHERN RY ., in connection with the New York Central, forms the safest and most attractive route ASBURY PARK , N. J. to the convention of the NATIONAL EDUCATION AS- SOCIATION at Asbury Park. Tickets will be so'd at very low rates June 29, 30, July 1 JULY 3rd to 7th, 1905 and 2, good returning not later than July 10, with privilege of extension of return limit to August 31 by deposit of ticket and payment of fee of 50 cents. Stop-over can be had at $21.35 FOR THE ROUND TRIP. New York City on return trip only providing ticket has been executed at Asbury Park and is deposited with Joint For further particulars as to dates of sale, return limit, Agent atNew York City and fee of $1.00 paid at time of deposit. time of regular and special trains, sleeping car rates and For itinerary and further particulars address , reservations, stop-over privileges and descriptive matter, call at L. F. VOSBURGH , CHICAGO TEACHER'S FEDERATION Gen. Western Passenger Agent, Chicago or send to C. F. DALY, Passenger Traffic Manager, Chicago J. H. BURGIS, A. J. SMITH, C. P. & T. A., Grand Trunk Railway System, Gen. Passenger Agent, Cleveland, O. 249 South Clark St., cor. Jackson Bivd., Chicago, III. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 7 WE GUARANTEE YOUR INCOME When Illness or Accident Prevents the Earning of It DOLLARS TWENTY MILLION School Teachers LOSSES OVER DATE PAID EXAMINATION TO Accident and Health Insurance REQUIRED MEDICAL THE $3,000 CONTRACTS NO PROVIDE AS FOLLOWS : ACCIDENTS TO PASSENGERS AGAINST ILLNESS On Railroad Trains , Electric or Cable Cars , Passen- $7.00 per week if the Assured shall suffer from ger Elevators. Ferry Boats , Ocean, River or Sound Aneurism of Gall Stones Cirrhosis of Liver Aorta Gastritis Cerebral Apoplexy Passenger Steamships, and also while in Burning Typhus Fever Chicken Pox Felon Buildings. Pneumonia Calculus (Renal) Gastro-Enteritis $3.000 Typhoid Fever Enteritis Cystitis In Case of Death Pleurisy Bright's Disease Malignant Pustule For Loss of Both Feet 3.000 Endocarditis Diphtheria Mumps Loss of Both Hands 3.000 Appendicitis Scarlet Fever Yellow Fever 3.000 Diabetes Smallpox Scarlatina “ Loss of Both Eyes Tonsilitis Peritonitis Pericarditis Loss of One Hand and One Foot 3.000 Phlebitis Var oloid Erysipelas Loss of One Hand or One Foot 1.500 Colitis Typhlitis Measles Loss of One Eye 500 Angina Pectoris Hemorrhoids Hepatitis Laryngitis Nephritis Brain Fever Weekly Indemnity : 15 Cancer Epi.epsy Asiatic Cholera Acute Cerebral Meningitis ORDINARY ACCIDENTS AGAINST BLINDNESS AND PARALYSIS In Case of Death $1.400 For Loss of Both Feet 1.400 For the Irrecoverable Loss of the Sight of Both Eyes by Disease $700 “ Loss of Both Hands 1.400 For the Permanent Paralysis of the Entire BODY, or of Loss of Both Eyes 1,400 BOTH HANDS or of BOTH FEET . or of ONE HAND and ONE FOOT 700 Loss of One Hand and One Foot 1,400 Loss of One Hand or One Foot 500 SPECIAL INDEMNITY FOR Loss of One Eye 250 DEATH FROM SUNSTROKE , FREEZING , Weekly Indemnity 7 ASPHYXIATION , HYDROPHOBIA, $700 ANNUAL COST FOR ALL BENEFITS , $ 15.00. Larger Policies at Proportionate Rates. THE FIDELITY AND CASUALTY CO ., OF NEW YORK. F. A. HANCOCK, 601 New York Life Building, CHICAGO , ILL. THE FIDELITY & CASUALTY CO . OF NEW YORK You may send me The $ ........... Contract. $ per week indemnity. Annual Cost $.. Name, M ... Address ... MyAge. .. Height ........ Weight . Name in full . The Beneficiary ' s { Relationship . Address . I. I have no Accident or Health Insurance except as follows : { (The name of Company and amount in each to be stated above ) K. No application ever made by me for accident, life or health insurance has been declined , and no such insurance issued to me has been cancelled , or renewal refused, except as herein stated. L. I have never received indemnity for any accident or illness except as herein stated. N. My habits of life are correct and temperate and I am in sound condition mentally and physically as herein stated ... O. I have not been disabled nor have I received medical or surgical attention during the past seven years except as follows: In .... for. .............. lasting. (State year.) (State disability. ) (State duration.) In... for. ..... .lasting . 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. BALTIMORE & OHIO RAILROAD Through Sleeping Car Route RATE- For the Forty-fourth Annual Convention of the must be deposited with the depot ticket agent immediately up- National Educational Association, to be held at Asbury Park, on arrival at stop-over points for which no fee will be charged. New Jersey, July 3 to 7, 1905, the BALTIMORE AND OHIO ROUTES- The BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAILROAD operates RAILROAD will sell tickets at $21.35 from Chicago to Asbury two vestibuled limited trains daily between Chicago and the Park and return. The sleeping car fare will be $5.00 per eastern cities. berth in each direction. The New York Express leaves at 10:40 A. M. , and runs DATES OF SALE AND RETURN LIMITS-Tickets will be via Wheeling, Grafton, Cumberland, Harper's Ferry, sold June 29, 30, July 1 and 2, and be valid for return leav- Washington, D. C. , Baltimore and Philadelphia. This ing Asbury Park not earlier than July 3 nor later than July train passes through the Glades of the Allegheny Mountains 10, subject to an extension of return limit until August 31, and through the Potomac Valley in day time. by depositing ticket with the Joint Agent at Asbury Park not The Royal Blue Limited departs at 3:30 P. M. , and runs later than July 10, and on payment of a fee of 50 cents at via Pittsburg, Cumberland, Harper's Ferry, Washington, time of deposit. Baltimore and Philadelphia. This train passes over the STOP- OTER PRIVILEGES -On the going trip stop-over Alleghany Mountains and along the Monongahela, Youghi- will be allowed at Washington, D. C. , Baltimore and Phila- oghany. Casselman and Potomac Rivers in day time. At delphia within the going transit limit of the ticket, July 4. Pittsburg an observation car is attached from which the Onthe return trip stop-over will be allowed at New magnificent mountain scenery can be viewed to the best York City untilAugust 31, provided ticket has been validated advantage. by the Joint Agent at Asbury Park, and is deposited by the Both of these trains are equipped with elegant day original purchaser with the Joint Agent at New York not coaches as well as Pullman sleeping cars of the latest de- later than one day after validation at Asbury Park, and sign, and meals are served in dining cars. upon payment af a fee of $ 1.00 at the time of deposit. THE NEW YORK EXPRESS AND THE ROYAL BLUE LIM. ITED WILL CARRY THROUGH SLEEPING CARS TO ASBURY Stop-over will also be allowed on the return trip at PARK. Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington, D. C. , until July 10 on tickets which have not been extended and not to ex- INFORMATION- For sleeping car reservations and fur- ceed ten days at each place on tickets which have been ex- ther information call on or address W. W. Picking, District tended, also at Deer Park, Mountain Lake Park and Oak- Passerger Agent, No. 244 Clark Street, Chicago. An ela- land, Maryland, but in no case will stop-over be allowed be- borately illustrated and fully descriptive booklet distributed yond August 31, 1905. To obtain these stop-overs, tickets free of charge. D. B. MARTIN B. N. AUSTIN Manager Passenger Traffic General Passenger Agent Baltimore, Md. Chicago "FOLLOW THE FLAG" SWABASH WABASH TO THE N. E. A. Meeting at Asbury Park, N. J. TRAVEL VIA THE WABASH IN CONNECTION WITH THE WEST SHORE RY. STOP-OVERS allowed at Detroit, Niagara Falls and New York City, with the option of a delightful lake trip between Detroit and Buffalo, and a ride from Albany to New York via the Hudson River Day Line Steamers . Write for a free copy of Wabash N. E. A. Folder ( illustrated) , giving full details. F. A. PALMER, A. G. P. A. 97 Adams Street, CHICAGO Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin Vol. IV. CHICAGO, JUNE 16, 1905. No. 28. THE GREAT CONVENTION OF EDUCATORS. wheel, and every effort is made to get a large num- ber of teachers to join and swell the crowd at the The National Educational Association is a great convention. Side shows and excursions are pro- organization. It is composed of the leading edu- vided to interest and amuse the non-voting members cators of the United States and it is going to honor and they go home under the impression that they New Jersey by holding its annual convention at As- have been taking part in the big convention, when in bury Park early next month. fact they have been helping to give the appearance of power and number to back up the requests of the few. In recognition of this honor it is alleged that the 1 State Board of Education has made a liberal dona- tion for state quarters and other things and the Next winter state and national legislatures will school superintendents have been requested to urge learn that changes in the laws are asked for in ac- the school teachers under them to join the associa- cordance with resolutions adopted at the last meet- tion at $2 per, in order that the state may have a ing of the National Educational Association attend- large representation. No doubt the State Board of ed by more than 30,000 of the cream of the teach- Education has a right to spend the public school ers in the United States, when as a matter of fact money for anything in the way of education for the the majority of the $2 per members were off on an children of this state between the ages of 5 and 18 excursion, or listening to papers read by men select- years, and if the appropriation for a state headquar- ed by a committee. ters is out of the public school money it may be justified on the ground, if for no other reason, that There is a keen intelligence behind this grand the meeting of the National Educational Associa- educational organization and it seems to be working tion in itself will be a liberal education for all the with an aim. All over the country the manage- children in the state. It makes no difference wheth- ment of the public schools is getting farther away er the law authorizes such an expenditure or not, from the people who foot the bills. It is evident to for the State Board of Education is a law unto all observers that there is a coherent system about itself; but when the teachers are invited to be- what is known as the modern idea of education and come members at $2 per, it does make some dif- the application of the system operates in favor of ference. They generally look upon a request by the big trusts which provide school books and sup- their superintendent as very much the same as an plies, school furniture and school heating and venti- order by their official superior. lating apparatus. No doubt many of the teachers may feel that it The more highly developed the system becomes will be an honor to become a member of the Na- the more the teachers lose individuality and inde- tional association well worth the $2 per, the expense pendence, the more fads are added to the curriculum of the trip to Asbury and the loss of a week of vaca- and the more supervisors and reports and red tape tion; but the $2 per will not make them voting and top hamper there is about the schools. member of the association. It makes them associate members, that is spectators. The people contribute school taxes more willing- ly than any other tax they are called to pay, and They are expected to contribute $2 per to aid in these taxes are higher now than ever before, but the covering the cost of the convention and to add to complaint about lack of teaching grows. This is no the importance of the meeting by attending in per- fault of the teachers, for they do their best with an son. If the teachers want to become real members overcrowded curriculum that allows a few minutes they will have to pay another $2 per. to each of a list of studies and no time for the chil- dren to absorb the lessons . There is much urging for teachers to become members, but not to become members to attend the It may be a wrong impression that the power that business meetings. The business is done by a small shapes the school system is the few who manage the number. If memory serves correctly, the constitu- National Council, but a great many persons have tion of the big association was adopted at a meeting that impression and a great many teachers are with thirty-seven members present. It is generally among these, even teachers who are associate mem- understood that the association is controlled by the bers at $2 per without the right to vote. The National Council of Education, a wheel within a Evening Journal, Jersey City, N. J. 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. TEACHERS UNPAID FOR TWENTY YEARS. bring to bear on the public officials who have the disposing of this matter. If these claimants, prob- That any city in the United States can persist- ably five hundred in number, were men, they would ently refuse to pay its public school teachers for be formidable. All would be voters. All, doubt- services rendered twenty years ago, seems almost less, would long ago have gone to the polls and incredible. Yet the city of New Orleans is openly made themselves felt, and got their money. But and flagrantly guilty of this injustice. While ad- they are women, and that is entirely another affair. mitting its debt to the teachers, it has avoided That is the reason they have been made to wait payment by resorting to subterfuges and pro- twenty years. For precisely the same reason they longed litigation. can be made to wait twenty years more." The "old teachers' claim," which has been A disfranchised class is always at a disadvantage pressed from time to time, has just been consid- in a struggle for justice or protection.-F. M. A. , ered again by the authorities, and its payment re- in The Woman's Journal . fused. The facts in the case as set forth in recent New Orleans papers are as follows : The teachers who served in 1882, 1883, 1884, OUR FRIENDS IN THE EAST . 1885, 1886 and 1887, were not paid because the city authorities claimed that there was no money with The public school men of New York City, in which to pay them. After a while the teachers acknowledgment of the services of were told that if they would consent to have their PRINCIPAL JOHN P. CONROY claims cut down to the extent of 40 per cent the money would be forthcoming. The teachers con- PRINCIPAL JOHN DOTY sented to the reduction, and put their agreement PRINCIPAL LYMAN A. BEST in writing. The city, having secured this heavy SENATOR CHARLES COOPER. reduction in the debt it owed, refused to pay, put- ting the matter off on one pretext or another. COMMISSIONER ROBERT L. HARRISON . Finally the city denied all liability in the case, but in securing an adjustment of the public school pen- the teachers went before the state constitutional sion law, and in continued acknowledgment to convention in 1898 and not only had their claims - recognized, but a provision was put in the State PRESIDENT JOHN F. AHEARN. Constitution, showing how the debt was to be paid and specifying the funds out of which payment the pioneer in legislation for safeguarding the posi- was to be made . tion of the teacher, desire to make expression of gratitude to these gentlemen at a dinner to be held Some formalities had to be gone through with to at the Broadway Central Hotel, Third street and verify the claims, and they were, in due form, Broadway, Thursday evening, June 15, 1905, at presented to the City Board of Liquidation, along 6 o'clock. with the article of the Constitution, demanding payment by that body. The Board, however, re- Owing to a necessity which requires one of the guests to leave early, you are requested to be pres- fused to pay the claims. ent at a quarter to 6 o'clock in order that all may The teachers then went into the courts to secure sit down at 6 o'clock sharp. the enforcement of the law, and were required to Remittance at $ 1.75 per cover should be mailed fight their way through the entire system until a before June 10 to Mr. Wm. McAndrew, 342 East judgment was secured in their favor in the Su- Twelfth street, New York. You are invited to preme Court of Louisiana. That court, however, bring as many gentlemen as you desire. had no influence with the Board, which carried the Yours cordially, matter to the Supreme Court of the United States. Bernard Cronson The highest court in the nation gave judgment for Joseph A. Fripp the teachers, and the Board of Liquidation was Willian McAndrew compelled to pay. John T. Nicholson Peter C. Ritchie, Jr. It so happened that the teachers of 1885, 1886 Edward D. Stryker. and 1887 did not join in the former suit, but, being Committee. in precisely the same condition with the others, as is declared in the State Constitution, they were The Brooklyn men and women will also celebrate sure of their position. When, however, they ap- independently afterwards giving testimonials to Mr. plied to the Board of Liquidation for payment, Lyman A. Best, Senator Chas. Cooper and Miss under the Constitution and the mandates of the Ruth Granger. highest courts in state and nation, the Board re- fused to pay, and invited the teachers to go into the courts for another struggle for their money. In an article urging the need of men and women co-operating for the best interests of the home and The New Orleans Daily Picayune in one of sev- community, Rev. Jenkins Lloyd Jones of Chicago eral able editorials on the subject goes to the root says : " The next century will demand new things- of this persistent injustice. It says : it will ask for the combined effort of men and "For twenty years this justly due and laborious- women in the home, the state and the club-the co- ly-earned pittance has been withheld. Most of the operation of the father and the mother. When that old teachers who survive for many have died- time comes the father will be glad to help tend to the are women. Women do not count in politics in baby and the mother's wisdom and justice will be Louisiana. They have no influence that they can welcomed at the ballot box." CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 3 MAN CoCHIC STARVED ROCK. EXCURSION FOR THE BENEFIT OF CHICAGO TEACHERS' PENSION FUND To Starved Rock, Saturday, June 17, 1905, Via. Rock Island R. R., Round Trip, $ 1.50. Round trip from Utica station to Starved Rock Train leaves Chicago from La Salle station 8:30 and via trolly 20 cts., boat 15 cts. To Deer Park via bus, 9:00 a. m., returning 6:00 and 8:00 p. m. round trip 50 cts. Admission to either park 10 cts. RULES FOR BEHAVIOR. 15. Be much as you are other people will at- tend to the business of being something else. William Gillette, the actor and playwright, has a 16. Don't do anything till you do it. niece who attends school near Philadelphia. She 17. Remember that it's always just as well not recently asked him to come and drink tea with her to say anything about it. and he accepted. When he arrived he found that he 18. Try not to think before you speak. If you was the only man among 200 young ladies. He do you won't speak and how horrid that would be. played the part, however, with such acceptability, 19. Don't have your principles so high you can't that when he left the young women begged him to reach them. That's why they are so good. send them his autograph, with some quotation or 20. Be economical to the last. Instead of mak- sentiment which they might follow to their advan- ing new resolutions see if you can't break the old tage. Mr. Gillette promised. ones a while longer. A week later each of the young women received 21. It is a good deal better not to want a thing by mail Mr. Gillette's autograph signed to the fol- than to get it and wish you hadn't. You had better lowing "Rules for General Behavior" : see to this. 1. Try to avoid things in general. 22. Don't try to make a mark in the world-it's 2. If you must think, do it as quietly as possible. a whole lot of work, and the mark won't show. 3. Don't be any more than you can help. 23. If you wish to keep yourself as near alive 4. Try to be different some way-no matter as possible while you live ; if you have a desire to be about the way-just be different. a joy forever, or as near forever as they come ; if 5. Bear in mind that it is generally wrong to do you prefer not to be a whole lot of unpleasant and right. uncomfortable things don't learn too much. Draw the line somewhere. How would it be to draw it 6. Avoid being too anything in particular. 7. Be careful not to remember how it was. right here while you think of it ? 8. Never insist on having your own way-just have it, and let the matter drop. Lots of the free advice you get isn't worth half 9. You will save yourself a great deal of trouble that much . by taking things about as they are instead of trying to make something else out of them. Few men can look pleasant while being told their 10. Be generous before you are just-otherwise faults. you will never be generous at all. II. Don't try to appear things. It's tiresome- and you probably don't appear so. 12. Never take anything as an indication. Nine times out of ten it isn't . LOANS BY TEACHERS At Live and Let Live Low Rates 13. Try not to have views. They are distressing -especially to others. "First aid to the injured" in pocket promptly rendered . 14. Endeavor to like each other, but if you can't L. A., Care of Federation Bulletin, 437 Unity Building. -don't. 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION THE N. Ε. Α. BULLETIN Attendance at the N. E. A. is each year becom- Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, ing a more popular way of beginning the summer Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, vacation. Aside from the pleasure and profit to be December 23, 1901. derived from attending the various meetings of the THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the Association, the liberal rates and stop-over privi- year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of April and December, by the Chicago Teachers ' Federation. leges given by the railroads prove a strong deter- THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single copies, Five Cents. mining factor in planning one's summer outing. ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received by Tuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. The place of meeting has been very happily chosen ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to the order of the Federation Bulletin. this year. The attractions of Asbury Park and MARGARET A. HALEY, Editor, Ocean Grove are so well known that the number 814-816 Unity Building, CHICAGO Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. of Chicago teachers joining in the eastern pilgrim- age promises to be large. Though the Teachers' Federation has not thought it best to choose an POLITICS . official route, there will be a number of parties, formed on the basis of individual preference for certain routes or a desire to see the section of coun- Slow dawns the day, and yet it must come, when That dust-bedraggled word shall signify try through which a particular road passes. But Something beyond the egotistic " I. " by whatever road we may travel, we will all meet Beyond the vain supremacy of men, in Asbury Park, that center that promises so much The swift, sure stroke of the all-powerful pen pleasure within its own limits and from which so Will tell at last, and girdled trees must die. many attractive possibilities radiate. The chief The reign of "office seekers" must pass by difficulty will be to know what to eliminate from And give us loyal statesmen once again. the things that may be done. If the intellectual side Grand, godlike men, who lift their lives above of the N. E. A. has made a deep impression, there The petty strife for place; men who are great- is Boston within easy distance, with all its historic Not from the scathing lightnings of their hate, and literary association, or one can turn toward But from the outreaching largeness of their love. home and linger in the classic shades of Chautau- Then "politics" shall mean a war with wrong- qua, where one absorbs wisdom while simply walk- Not wrong itself. ing through its streets. One can spend ten days in How long , O Lord, how long ! Washington and even though Congress is not in -Ella Wheeler Wilcox, in Chicago American. session, be busy and interested every minute of the time. If a route is chosen that does not include New York City, it can be reached in a short time WORK. with slight expense. Philadelphia and Baltimore are as easily reached as our own more distant sub- It is a great blessing to any man to have to work urbs are from our downtown districts. The Hud- whether he feels like it or not. If a man is so cir- son river tempts on one hand, the Atlantic ocean cumstanced that he can lie in bed in the morning on the other, and the only unpleasant feature in until he feels like getting up; or that he can do the whole program is the fact that there are only nothing as soon as he has eaten his breakfast unless nine weeks in which to do and see all that is he feels like doing it; or that he is not necessitated offered. to take hold of business on days when he feels like doing nothing-he is at a great disadvantage in life, NATIONAL EDUCATIONAL ASSOCIATION . and cannot, at any time, do the best work of which he is capable. In this respect a poor man is better On our first page we print an editorial from one circumstanced than a rich man ; and a rich man of the leading newspapers of Jersey City. It is a can bring himself up to the level of a poor man only by connecting himself with some enterprise where source of great and increasing gratification to the he must work day by day or die. Pressure is essen- bulletin to note the increasing interest which is tial to the highest measure of physical or mental taken in the business side of the N. E. A. The fact success . If you have to work every day, whether that there is usually something especially attractive you feel like it or not, thank God that you are so arranged, either in department meetings or pleasure circumstanced. If you are at liberty to work or excursions for every available moment of the entire not, according to your feelings, pray God to bring convention militates less and less in causing the you, by some conditions, into such a state that you absence of active members from the business ses- must be a worker together with God, whether you sion. To be sure, all the business is well prepared live or die in so doing. before the meeting and the machinery usually works smoothly, but occasionally a cog slips and a jar is felt. These are the outward indications that indi- TEACHING A PROFESSION. cate the inward growth on the membership, and while the press sees only a "good story" those inter- " Once a teacher always a teacher" should become ested in every manifestation of the truly demo- the rule in theory, thus keeping a body of skilled cratic spirit rejoice. workers in reserve for possible emergencies. New Jersey, we give you greetings ! -The Western Teacher. CATHARINE GOGGIN. Murray Others. Indge Letter Tuley From Open and An F. . 5 Duni C. Mayor Circuit Court of. Cook County her Pattesso ph Jos Commissioner Public of Works Chambers of Segon Judge Murr ay F.. Tuley tied GotN. Attorney Gottlieb Mizutany of &, Co. Ste Eagl B of Eagle H. R. Co. & Chirago May 1905. 12, al Sheriff County Cook of H H. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. The undersigned readers of(, PUBLIC THE the political Hyman of &, Co. Berg economic and review of which Louis F. editor Post is), cordially unite advising in their Attorney Chicago friends subscribe to excellent this for paper. Canon , Attorney It only the is weekly of general review public affairs of, and national interest circula- is, which tion published in Chicago. Pastor All of Church Souls ' supplies continuous It a- and partisan non Wilmarth de Mary narrative valuable the news of, world Frederick Stare. clarifies which newspaper daily reports and Associate Professor Anthropology- of University Chicago of facilitate newspaper readings. Jane Afldamen editorials politicalIts on Head Resident of Hull House economicand Professor of Sociology events extremely are helpful interesti and ng to University believers democrati doctrines c the ofn Panich Bruicg H. of Chicago Declarati Independen on of, ce because faith- they Attorney fully intellige and ntly bring public all questions Attorney editorials the quite are helpful as ought and to that test to believers non in-; doctrines those Pomatia B. de Bey- N. D. White be interestin as because g, they offer such read- best ers the that against said is. their own views Julianshin A D.isR. Church Universalist Ave. Stewart of Pastor editorial These distingui are s shed their by force Clomity Husch .. obvious faith. good and Temple Israel Congregation Rabbi of we While especially commend THE PUBLIC to Jeffersonian democrats a, believe we year's that experience with it demonstrate will usefulness its well as to those do not who agree its with Church R. C. Basil's St. of Rector opinions as to those who do. ling SchilGeu. A Improvem ents Local of Board Member M.F. Tuley ote MemOlte Inn Court Circuit of Judge O.P Edvard Court Appellat of Judge Coo G.. ley Edw in Schoo Superinten ls of dent Themesh Mindes . Court Circuit of Judge Avic Loo Sus ks. an Follw. Court Appellate of Judre War d a Gul ly . L'a 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CULTURE ECONOMY LEISURE The PICTURESQUE "ERIE" University Travel TO THE It would be difficult to combine pleasure and profit to better Ν. Ε . Α. advantage than by joining one of the Art, History, or Archaeo- At Asbury Park. logy Tours organized by the The " ERIE" Railroad Company with its own Bureau of University Travel. rails all the way from Chicago to New York, and trains operated entirely by block signal system, Over ninety itineraries offered . offers exceptional advantages to the tourist in Lectures by Specialists . the scenery along its lines especially that along PRICES . $400.00 UP . the famous Deleware River. The " ERIE " operates wide vestibuled solid through trains of the very latest design, new Cruise on our private yacht from Pullman sleepers, up to date day coaches, and amodern through Diner, serving all meals at Italy, August 8, covering all the moderate prices. principal places of the Ancient There are more stop-over points on the "ERIE" Greek World, from Sicily to than any other line, ie, Sagertown, Pa. , Cam- Constantinople, including a bridge Springs, Pa. , Lakewood or Jamestown on week in Athens . Scholarly the renowned Chautauqua Lake, Niagara Falls and New York City. leadership. Apply now. Drop in the City Ticket office 234 Clark St., Bureau of University Travel for rates, time tables, etc. 635 Fine Arts Building Phone Har. 3274. GRAND TRUNK National Educational Association Asbury Park, N. J. , July 3-7, 1905 LEHIGH VALLEY DOUBLE TRACK ROUTE See that your tickets read via the TO THE Lake Shore and Forty - Fourth Annual Meeting Michigan Southern NATIONAL EDUCATION and New York Central ASSOCIATION The perfect passenger service of the LAKE SHORE & MICHIGAN SOUTHERN RY., in connection with the New York Central, forms the safest and most attractive route ASBURY PARK, N. J. to the convention of the NATIONAL EDUCATION AS- SOCIATION at Asbury Park. JULY 3rd to 7th, 1905 Tickets will be sold at very low rates June 29, 30, July 1 and 2, good returning not later than July 10, with privilege of extension of return limit to August 31 by deposit of ticket $21.35 FOR THE ROUND TRIP. and payment of fee of 50 cents. Stop-over can be had at New York City on return trip only providing ticket has For further particulars as to dates of sale, return limit, been executed at Asbury Park and is deposited with Joint AgentatNew York City and fee of $1.00 paid at time of deposit. time of regular and special trains, sleeping car rates and For itinerary and further particulars address, reservations, stop-over privileges and descriptive matter, call at L. F. VOSBURGH , CHICAGO TEACHER'S FEDERATION Gen. Western Passenger Agent, Chicago or send to C. F. DALY, Passenger Traffic Manager, Chicago J. H. BURGIS, C. P. & T. A., Grand Trunk Railway System, A. J. SMITH, Gen. Passenger Agent, Cleveland, O. 249 South Clark St., cor. Jackson Bivd., Chicago, III. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. TEACHERS, ΑΤΤΕΝΤΙΟΝ Vacation will soon be here. Do you want to earn from $250 to $1,000 during that time? We have a special proposition to make to you to sell the best secured guaranteed semi-annual dividend five per cent GOLD BONDS obtainable. Distribution and surplus earnings in addition to guaranteed dividends. Monthly install- ment and other plans of payment. The most profitable and perfectly secured means of saving. More than $2,000,000.00 paid to bondholders. Nearly $1,000,000.00 in assets. Call on or address, N. H. CARTINHOUR, 411 New York Life Bldg., CHICAGO TELEPHONE , CENTRAL 3419 Andrew Fletcher, of Saltoun, immortalized his face the shortcomings of your own spirit. Go into name with two utterances. He it was who said, the open country alone if you can ; if not, take a "Give me the making of a nation's songs, and I care little time out of every twenty-four hours to think. not who makes its laws." And when it was pro- Just as the observance of the Sabbath is a wise posed to him to take the oath of allegiance to the thing from a physiological standpoint, so are self- British government, the Scottish patriot, who never communion and its breathing spaces a blessing to accepted the union of the two kingdoms, responded : the individual. "I would die to save my country, but I would not do an ignoble action to save it ! " Professor-See that spider, my boy, spinning his web. Is it not wonderful ? Do you reflect that, try To the woman who would be individual, who as he may, no man could spin that web ? wants to be an inspiration and a beneficence, there is Johnnie-What of it ? See me spin this top ? Do but one message : Be not afraid of yourself ; get you reflect, try as you may, no spider could spin this acquainted with the deeps of your own nature ; top? TWO PERSONALLY CONDUCTED SPECIAL TRAINS Chicago to Asbury Park Via New York OVER THE PENNSYLVANIA LINES ACCOUNT NATIONAL EDUCATIONAL ASSOCIATION CONVENTION The first will leave Chicago at 10:05 a. m. June 29th, via Pan Handle Route- fare for the round trip, $21.35. The second will be run over the Fort Wayne Route, leaving Chicago at 1:00 p. m. July 1st-fare, $23.35 for the round trip. Both trains will have coaches and sleepers Chicago to Asbury Park without change. Excursion tickets will also be sold for regular trains of June 29th and 30th, July 1st and 2nd, at same rates ; namely, $21.35 via Pan Handle Route and $23.35 over the Fort Wayne Route. Liberal return limits. ; At the above rates tickets can be purchased reading via Washington allowing stop over at Baltimore, Washington, Philadelphia and New York. For further information and sleeping car space, call at city office, 248 S. Clark St. , or address C. L. KIMBALL, Assistant General Passenger Agent No. 2 SHERMAN STREET, CHICAGO CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. BALTIMORE & OHIO RAILROAD Through Sleeping Car Route RATE- For the Forty-fourth Annual Convention of the must be depositedwith the depot ticket agent immediatelyup- National Educational Association, to be held at Asbury Park, on arrival at stop-over points for which no fee will becharged. New Jersey, July 3 to 7, 1905, the BALTIMORE AND OHIO ROUTES-The BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAILROAD operates RAILROAD will sell tickets at $21.35 from Chicago to Asbury two vestibuled limited trains daily between Chicago and the : Park and return. The sleeping car fare will be $5.00 per eastern cities. berth in each direction. The New York Express leaves at 10:40 A. M. , and runs DATES OF SALE AND RETURN LIMITS-Tickets will be via Wheeling, Grafton, Cumberland, Harper's Ferry, sold June 29, 30, July 1 and 2, and be valid for return leav- Washington, D. C. , Baltimore and Philadelphia. This ing Asbury Park not earlier thanJuly 3 nor later than July train passes through the Glades of the Allegheny Mountains 10, subject to an extension of return limit until August 31, and through the Potomac Valley in day time. by depositing ticket with the Joint Agent at Asbury Park not The Royal Blue Limited departs at 3:30 P. M. , and runs later than July 10, and on payment of a fee of 50 cents at viaPittsburg, Cumberland, Harper's Ferry, Washington, time of deposit. Baltimore and Philadelphia. This train passes over the STOP- OTER PRIVILEGES-On the going trip stop-over Alleghany Mountains and along the Monongahela, Youghi- will be allowed at Washington, D. C. , Baltimore and Phila- oghany, Casselman and Potomac Rivers in day time. At delphia within the going transit limit of the ticket, July 4. Pittsburg an observation car is attached from which the Onthe return trip stop-over will be allowed at New magnificent mountain scenery can be viewed to the best York City until August 31, provided ticket has been validated advantage. by the Joint Agent at Asbury Park, and is deposited by the Both of these trains are equipped with elegant day original purchaser with the Joint Agent at New York not coaches as well as Pullman sleeping cars of the latest de- later than one day after validation at Asbury Park, and sign, and meals are served in dining cars. upon payment af a fee of $ 1.00 at the time of deposit. THE NEW YORK EXPRESS AND THE ROYAL BLUE LIM. Stop-over will also be allowed on the return trip at ITED WILL CARRY THROUGH SLEEPING CARS TO ASBURY PARK. Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington, D. C. , until July 10 on tickets which have not been extended and not to ex- INFORMATION-For sleeping car reservations and fur- ceed ten days at each place on tickets which have been ex- ther information call on or address W. W. Picking, District tended, also at Deer Park, Mountain Lake Park and Oak- Passenger Agent, No. 244 Clark Street, Chicago. An ela- land, Maryland, but in no case will stop-over be allowed be- borately illustrated and fully descriptive booklet distributed yond August 31, 1905. To obtain these stop-overs, tickets free of charge. D. B. MARTIN B. N. AUSTIN Manager Passenger Traffic General Passenger Agent Baltimore, Md. Chicago "FOLLOW THE FLAG" WABASH WABASH TO THE N. E. A. Meeting at Asbury Park, N. J. TRAVEL VIA THE WABASH IN CONNECTION WITH THE WEST SHORE RY. STOP-OVERS allowed at Detroit, Niagara Falls and New York City, with the option of a delightful lake trip between Detroit and Buffalo, and a ride from Albany to New York via the Hudson River Day Line Steamers . Write for a free copy of Wabash N. E. A. Folder ( illustrated), giving full details. F. A. PALMER, A. G. P. A. 97 Adams Street, CHICAGO Chicago Teachers' Federation Vol. IV. Bulletin CHICAGO , JUNE 23, 1905. No. 29. MANUAL TRAINING IN THE ELEMENTARY alted. Each appears to exist only for the cultivation of some peculiar skill. Such teaching is a mistake; it exalts SCHOOL . the technical ideal. Whenever rapidity and skill are sought at the expense of original expression, one recog- nizes worship worship of this ideal. It accepts, even seeks, the product of automatic performance. It praises ex- James Parton Haney, Director of Manual Training , ercises which have required hours of mechanical work. Boroughs of Manhattan and the Bronx , though they may not have had given to them ten minutes of actual thinking. It adheres to rigid sequences, despite New York City . the fact that neither the child's interest nor his under- standing conform to steps so ordered. The term " manual training" has no well defined mean- ing, and in consequence no well defined practice. Some Overemphasis upon the technical side violates another think of it only as constructive work, others as motor train- canon. This declares that the arts must be made develop- ing in general. At the present time, in the higher councils mental, not technical, in aim; that they must be offered in of its advocates, there is an active debate on the question each stage of the child's growth with specific consideration of how far the natural activities of the child shall deter- of his characteristics in that stage, and of the changes he mine the industries he pursues in the elementary school. must undergo before he can advance to the next higher stage. Technical ideals look to the product, developmental Both sides agree that the child must have manual work ideas to the producer. in abundance, if he is properly to develop. Both sides agree also that his natural interests must be consulted in We may distinguish three growth periods in the child's determining what special phases of manual work he is to life. From the sixth to the ninth year he develops through do. But one side holds that his natural activities form a sensory channels. His language is limited, and drawing reliable guide to the industries which he should undertake, and making form his chief means of expression. From while the other protests that no activities seen in school nine to twelve his interests multiply. Expression through are really natural. All rise more or less, say they, in speech becomes more free. His brain reaches its maximum response to the stimulus of the teacher ; therefore they size and a desire for motion and things in motion becomes urge that stimulus be given to lead to interest in those marked. Difficult muscular adjustments are now easily activities which now make up the world's work. The first acquired, and habits of action readily fixed. would give the child insight into the history of man's rise ; the second would prepare him for future work in the world The period from the twelfth to the fourteenth year sees the pupil pass from childhood to adolescence. The girl Faint echoes of this discussion have reached the class- precedes the boy by a year or more . In this change na- rooms wherein elementary teachers are essaying to pre- ture shows to us a mystery. Striking alterations occur in sent the different phases of manual work. As a discussion the child's physical and mental make- up. As a child he they look upon it as theoretic and of small concern, while was a sensory being ; as an adolescent he is a sensitive they turn to their immediate superiors for specific direc- one. He rises now to heights of appreciation and under- tions as to the manner in which they are to treat the prac- standing quite beyond his power to express ; to him may tical problems which the arts present. Whether they solve be presented those æsthetic relations heretofore beyond his the latter well or ill depends largely upon the teaching of comprehension. these leaders and upon the standards which they erect. The arts on the physical side make a direct response to But leaders are fallible. Many a superintendent regards each of the periods named above. Arrest of motor de- all motor work as " special," and is content to turn it over velopment follows a failure to offer them at the proper to a special teacher to organize and develop as best she may. time and in the proper manner. If they are begun and But special teachers , as a rule, come to their task with abandoned, a distinct atrophy of the developed power oc- training limited and one- sided. They are ill advised as to curs. As educational elements they require early.presenta- the underlying principles of the curriculum, and believe tior and constant use. that success lies in keeping their special subject intact. On the mental side they conserve individuality. They To this end they labor, striving by isolation to magnify its foster personal and not mass instruction. They necessi- importance. Thus there results much manual work taught tate constant judgment concerning form and pattern. They in a manner not justified by sound pedagogy. Often there seek initiative and self-expression , and markedly stimulate is an attempt to distinguish sharply between related ac- the imagination. They deal with concrete ideas and con- tivities. Art and manual training are held apart, despite crete things, and thus aid to build up that apperceptive the fact that they are to the little child common means for background to which the child must relate all that he expression-concrete, graphic expression. Thus the first truly learns. canon in the manual training creed is violated. This states that drawing, construction, and design form the manual The arts, besides, act as a moral or disciplinary agent arts-one subject and as such should be developed. Many through the periods of development. They cultivate hab- reasons urge this identity. The arts are necessary to one its of cleanliness , system, and order. They inculcate per- another in practice. They cannot be successfully taught severance, and hold up ideals of self-reliance and honesty. apart. Knowledge of drawing is needed in design, They lead by interest and are undertaken willingly-with design and knowledge of design in construction. The teaching of ex- avidity. Discipline in their presence becomes more nat- ercises-art for art's sake-should not be tolerated. The ural and rational ; the atmosphere of the schoolroom is beauty the child learns should be beauty for use. Design made by them less formal. They give pleasure in their unapplied is jejune and pointless ; construction without doing, and serve thus to balance outside attractions . They art is an offense . are of marked service in keeping the child in school. Developed apart, the arts suffer. Their natural rela- The specialization and segregation of the arts tend to tions are obscured and their technical requirements ex- violate another important principle of their teaching. This 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. principle defines them as socializing agents of marked Five of the principal tenets of the manual training creed service in revealing to the child his physical environment. have been cited. Put into a single statement, these de- The arts naturally relate themselves to the life about the clare that the arts are one-that they are part of the birth- pupil and help disclose to him his relations to his fellows. right of the little child, and should form, as developmental They develop social action and lend themselves to joint or and socializing agents dealing directly with use and communal work. Their exercises are never so interest- beauty ,an integral part of the course of study he pursues. ing as when they offer results of service in the class - room How, in the light of principles, would they appear in the or the home, or when they meet the child's interest in the ideal school ? world outside the school, by reflecting in miniature the tools and appliances used in real life. In the first or primary stage we should not find them as separate subjects at all. We should discover them being The social conscience may be best wakened in the little used, as a means of teaching, as agents injecting the child in this way. The interests of the arts are so varied concrete into many subjects of the curriculum. We should and their forms of expression so various that they give in find the teacher constantly turning to her drawing and their pursuit too many points of view. Such social im- her making, in connection with her language work, her pressions react as expressions, and the good teacher will folklore tales, her nature study, her number lessons, and seek to have the child make such reaction habitual . the like. The arts would be, as it were, dissolved in the curriculum, serving constantly as modes of teaching, as Never is the drawing or the making so interesting as means for securing the child's personal expression. when it responds to some present need. Those who seek Some of the children's work would deal with those occu- to develop technical ideals are apt to ignore or slight this pations which have busied man through the centuries, but fact. They endeavor to secure well finished exercises , and such pursuits would appear, not as devices presented for to this end require copy after copy for practice sake. In the sake of having the pupil reconstruct the primitive in- so doing they traverse a fourth canon of sound teaching. This requires that in the arts the element of reality ap- dustry, but rather as instruments giving him insight into the simplest elements of the life about him. Through pear; it demands that they concern themselves with real such work we should find him learning his own social set- processes and real things. The child passes through the symbolic stage at the threshold of school life. Later his ting, his studies turning about those things-food, shelter, and clothing-which make for his comfort and sustenance. play spirit may lead him to many games of make-believe ; but even in his games he seeks reality wherever he can Technical accuracy throughout these years we should find it. In school it is important that he be not asked to find subordinated. The work done would require no fine undertake work the meaning of which he does not under- muscular adjustments . None of it would be small-trying stand. The arts frown on formal expression built upon a both to sight and fingers and none mechanical, leading to basis of dictation and command, and robbed of all mo- hours of automatic performance in braiding aiding or weaving. tive save that of fear. The materials used would be many. Original expression Real reasons should move the child to his work. Each would constantly be evident. " The things made would be- long to their makers. exercise should have behind it intelligent purpose and be- fore it concrete achievement. Formal steps to develop any With the children of the preadolescent stage we should process must be followed by an opportunity for free ex- not find as marked emphasis on free expression through pression; for a chance, that is, to do original work in drawing and construction. With such pupils, the arts which the new process appears. Through formal training would be found serving as agents giving precision of and practice exercises the child never gains the incentive handling, and of self-control. Many processes would ap- to application; he never acquires conscious power to use pear in the class- room-drawing, painting, cutting, pasting, his drawing, design, or construction to definite purpose. sewing, binding; envelopes, calendars, booklets, etc.; all in He may learn to make a neat drawing or model; but this, use in developing concrete forms of immediate value. We however attractive it may seem, has served small purpose should find, too, the pupil's rising critical sense being if it has not the child's own thought in it. Conscious employed to determine the necessity for drill, and drills be- power comes when the products of the child's labor are ing undertaken as failures showed the need of them. tangible and useful. In the earlier years immediate re- sults are necessary, but at the close of the preadolescent Higher in the school we should find the children well period the child is prepared to accept practice as necessary advanced in knowledge of processes, the boys in the school to technical excellence. Technique is a subject which de- shop, and their sisters studying the principles of domestic mands "a background of actual experience." The child economy in the school kitchen. Plans we should find being should learn to look upon original expression as the goal used in the shop-plans made by workers busy in carrying of all preparation. them out. At times we should find the boy working in individual fashion; at other times as one of a group em- The aim of technical training should be to put the child ployed on some elaborate model for the school. Applied in a position to use his knowledge for practical and per- designs, too, of no little beauty, we should find him making sonal ends . The skill taught should appear of real worth, and using. His knowledge of both construction and de- the beauty as a positive excellence to be sought in all sign should appear in the simple lines of his self-planned constructive and decorative expression. The plans drawn model and in the suitability of the decoration designed should be for service ; so should the designs and the con- forit. structed forms. In short, every phase of practice of the arts The fourteenth year should find our pupil with his ele- should be instinct with reality. mentary school life completed. He stands with his native Four principles have been presented as guides in teach- interests heightened by cultivation. His hand is gifted ign. To these must be added a fifth. This sees the with no little skill. He can perform some score of opera- tions and is familiar with some score of tools. He will error of allowing the arts, even as a well co-ordinated group of subjects, to remain a group separated from the make for you a simple plan and use it. He can design a other subjects of the curriculum. As a principle, this re- simple decoration and apply it. He has completed, during quires that the relation between the arts and other his school life, half a hundred models or more-books, branches be made direct and intimate. The arts should toys, home utensils, and simple pieces of scientific appara- act in the spirit of service. They should help in teaching, tus. Through his work he has conceived a strong con- structive bent and has learned to see the world about him lending interest through doing, and aiding to give con- as a constructive world. He has had wakened in him crete form and shape to cloudy mental images. To find the various ways in which they may thus assist in the an æsthetic sense, has had his eyes opened to beauty. He development of language, nature study, number, and other has learned to know it through searching for it to discover school interests is the business of class and special teacher. fine lines, harmonious proportions, and fitting decorations. Some courses of study look to them as central subjects, Above all, he has had revealed to him himself; he knows while some admit them only as related topics ; but whether something of the power which lies in his creative brain developed from within or related from without, it must and in his dexterous hand, something of his own ability to be the business of the teacher to see that they lend them- mold and shape the environment in which he lives. Thus selves to the teaching of all phases of the curriculum. the arts have served their purpose as essential elements to There is no surer way than this of identifying them as his elementary schooling. essentials. One who has once discovered their power to We have stated our theory and pictured our ideal. The make vivid and direct her teaching in other subjects will question that remains is to state how this ideal may be- not again attempt to teach without them. come real, how this theory is to be made practice. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 3 If one is at perfect liberty to organize a course of study, well in the office of the school superintendent as in the the theory may be followed closely, and we may make the class- room of the lowest grade. Thus do we return to our arts central, using them as forms of industrial and social first proposition. activity from which all the other work of the class- room proceeds . Certain isolated schools have thus developed Failure in the arts must lie at the door of the school offi- them. Such development leads to perfect unity in the cer who leaves them as specialties to work out their way course of study. alone. Success comes to him who studies them, and who causes his teachers to study them in their relations. That Another method of affecting close relationships is to curriculum will develop best in which they are taught by organize the general curriculum on the culture-epoch plan. those who comprehend their peculiar power, and who have Here the pupil in studying the lives of primitive peoples been led to employ them directly, and in personal fashion. faces man's elemental needs for food, shelter, and clothing. Success in the arts is to be measured in terms of use. In such a curriculum the arts spring from the child's They mustbe taught for use and not for show. study of primitive occupations, from essential elements in his re-solution of the first great problems of his kind. It will be noted that these two plans represent in prac- BOARD OF EDUCATION. tice the beliefs of the two parties in the debate to which Wednesday , June 21, 1905. reference has been made. Both develop the arts as essen- tials; but the first makes them central, presenting them as The following reports were adopted : activities evoked in response to a study of immediate sur- ASSIGNMENTS AND TRANSFERS OF TEACHERS . roundings ; while the second sees them as forms of in- Assignments . dustry which must be studied if the child is to re-live the life history of the race. Carrie S. Armstrong, La Salle School. Eugenia B. Dixon, Froebel School. Both plans have advantages ; but it is not the purpose to Mary A. A. Green, Von Humboldt School. discuss their relative merits. Courses of study which fol- Mary McB. Murray, Seward School. low the lines indicated are not common . To the great ma- Alice Schuppert, Goethe School . jority of teachers the problem of the arts is to relate them Bertha Smart, La Salle School. to a curriculum organized in manner suggested by the Agnes Thompson, Dante School. report of the committee of fifteen. Five co-ordinate Marion E. Wallace, Spry School. branches present themselves in such a curriculum, the Amy Warder, Mitchell School. greater emphasis being upon language. To relate the arts Transfers . directly to these branches, it is necessary that in the early years certain centers be selected, to which the drawing. Elizabeth Benning, from Monroe to Knickerbocker construction, and design may be immediately referred. School. Many such centers offer in language work, nature study, M. Emily Hunter, from Avondale to Audubon School. geography, etc., the first course of study at hand suggest- Maude I. Richford, from Dante to Farragut School. ing the following in its syllabus on English. Mary H. Bohn (kindergarten) , from Cooper to Walsh School. First year-Playthings, pets, games, outings. TEACHERS PLACED ON UNASSIGNED LIST. Second year-The home, occupations, holidays, and sea- Buschwah, Amanda E. , Von Humboldt School. sons . Cummins, Agnes B., Smyth School. Third year-Readings on the Indians, Eskimo, Arab, Hunter, Emma M., Medill School. Dutch, and Chinese: Lewis, Mabel A., Prescott (kindergarten) . Lucius, M. Tracy Naly, Kershaw School . Around each of these may be gathered the work of a Pinedo, Elvira D., Goethe School. week or more, as each gives rise to a variety of lessons Rau, Matilda B., Pickard School. in drawing, construction, and design. In a practical de- Reeder, Fannie S., Hawthorne School. velopment of this scheme the writer has seen the work Thompson. Margaret E., Mavor School. of a third year class revolve for several weeks about the hero Hiawatha. The story was read and talked about, the ACCEPT RESIGNATIONS OF TEACHERS . hard words spelled, the scenes illustrated in graphic fash- Thomas M. Bevans, manual training teacher, June 23, ion. The tepees, canoes, weapons, moccasins, snow-shoes, 1905. and the like were made of simple materials, and suitable Margaret J. Mahoney, Earle School, June 23, 1905. designs were thought out and applied. The whole series Sarah E. Woodcock, Bowmanville School, June 23, 1905. of lessons was alive. The children vied with one another in SYMPATHY EXTENDED TO THE FAMILY OF offering suggestions for possible use in drawing or mak- SOPHIA L. DEAN, FORMER TEACHER. ing. Their keen attention followed as their interest led. That Sophia L. Dean, a former teacher, who taught in In the higher grades it will not be found possible to re- the Chicago public schools for forty years, passed away at late the arts, as directly as in the lower, to other branches Clifton Springs on June 10 last. of the curriculum. It is now a matter of having the pupil The committee recommends that the president and the express himself through the arts, as of having him skill- secretary of the board be requested to extend the sympathy fully construct some form of use and permanent value. A of the board to the family of Miss Dean in their bereave- great variety of such forms are to be developed about ment. school and home. The school offers opportunity for the making of various communal or group models in connec- AMEND SECTION " 232 " OF THE RULES AND RE- tion with the study of science, nature study, geography, GULATIONS . and mathematics. Other very satisfactory exercises will That section 232 of the Rules and Regulations be amend- be those which gather some score of lessons in free-hand ed as follows : and mechanical drawing, in color, design, and construction "Section 232A-Contributions and Presents. They shall around a form, useful in the class-room or needed in the home. neither solicit nor accept contributions from pupils, either in money or kind, unless authorized so to do by the board Various questions regarding materials and methods must or by the school committee of their schools ; nor shall here perforce remain undiscussed. Those relating to ex- teachers be solicited for subscriptions or contributions by pense may be briefly considered and dismissed. A liberal any one during school hours or in school buildings. They school board means the possibility of working in many shall not receive any presents from the pupils nor make media; an economical one means that pencil and paper presents to their principals, to the superintendent, assistant must suffice, with such additional material as the children superintendents, district superintendents, supervisors, or themselves are in a position to furnish. It is, however, to special teachers." be understood that the spirit of the creed which has been ANNUAL ELECTION OF TEACHERS AND EMPLOYES . presented may be maintained, however liberal or meager the supplies. This spirit looks to see the arts in use, helpful, The superintendent, district superintendents, assistants to vivifying. Understood, it makes possible their successful the superintendent, teachers, office employes, engineers, and development as well in the one-room country school as in janitors, etc., were elected for the ensuing year. the great city system. This spirit must find expression as (Continued on page 5.) 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION HEADQUARTERS AT THE N. E. A. ILLINOIS Coleman House. BULLETIN CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION -Ocean Hotel. Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, December 23, 1901. THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the ASBURY PARK AND OCEAN GROVE . year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of April and December, by the Chicago Teachers' Federation. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single Those wishing to secure the reduced rates grant- copies , Five Cents. ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received ed to holders of N. E. A. tickets must register at the by Tuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. Membership Registration Bureau, which is located ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to the order of the Federation Bulletin. in the new Asbury Avenue Casino. It is recom- MARGARET A. HALEY, Editor, mended by the local committee that as far as pos- 814-816 Unity Building, CHICAGO sible visitors plan to reach Asbury Park in the day- Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. time, but the Casino will remain open until the arrival of the last train each night. The address of a boarding place where lodging EXCERPT and board may be secured by a limited number is on file in the Federation office and will be fur- nished to members and their friends on application. FROM ADDRESS TO GRADUATING CLASS OF This place is situated two blocks from the beach CLEVELAND NORMAL SCHOOL . and board and lodging can be secured for eight dol- lars per week. By Dr. N. C. Schaefer, Supt. of Public Instruction, Reservations for sleepers are now being made, State of Pennsylvania. and those who intend to go are requested to send "We hear of teachers having sharp voices, teach- their names to the Transportation Committee as ers who are nervous and irritable. This should not early as possible. be. The teachers should be happy, in love with The Federation Headquarters will be in the their work, full of human sympathy and broad Ocean Hotel, Asbury Park, Rooms 210-211 , near minded. She should not be bothered by these re- the New York City Headquarters . curring examinations each year. Let her forget the 5,000 small facts of geography that she may de- No tickets are good for return before July 3. velop the true side of womanhood and fellowship. All tickets must be validated by the joint agent im- It should be made easier for a teacher to secure a mediately before starting on the return trip. life privilege to teach. Then again, supervisors must exercise care in their work lest they fret a teacher by useless and incidental requirements. It PROGRAM-Ν. Ε . Α . is that that keeps a teacher awake at nights, and the superintendent awake at night figuring on how to teach his teachers . The Annual Meeting of the Board of Directors "The little woman who can make a dozen young- will occur on Monday, July 3, at 3:30 Р. М. sters understand life by her teachings is far greater The meetings of Active Members of the Several than the man who builds railroads and has done a States to Nominate Candidates for Appointment much greater work."-Cleveland Plain Dealer. on the Committee on Nominations, in accordance with By- Law No. 1, will occur at 5:30 P. M., July 3, at their respective State headquarters or at Bishop McVickar of Rhode Island in his address places named in the Offical Program. to the graduating class of Bryn Mawr College said : The Annual Meeting of Active Members for "I hope and pray that we may see woman the election of officers, and for other business, suffrage come to pass soon. In this fuller citizen- will occur at 12:00 M., Thursday, July 6 . ship there is no chance that woman would unsex herself. I believe that the paths she would walk in would not only be brightened, but they would be straightened." The New Hampshire Historical Society has the Supreme Court Justice David J. Brewer in his original patent on a process for the use of steam in address at Vassar College, after expressing his be- propelling boats. It was issued to Samuel Morley, lief in woman suffrage, said : "Who shall say that March 25, 1795, and was signed by George Wash- before gray hair shall cover the heads of the women ington. here to-night there may not sit in the White House a woman who, like Queen Victoria, will shed luster upon this country as Victoria shed luster upon How good the street-car companies England. Will be if given a chance ! Elnora Monroe Babcock. To all our jangling music They willbe pleased to dance. They'll give us buried trolleys, NOTICE, Transfers on every line, This is our last issue until Sept. 8, 1905, as the If we'll extend their franchise BULLETIN is published during the school year only. Το 1999. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 5 (Continued from page 3.) "The Committee on School Management views with ASSIGNMENTS, ETC. OF VARIOUS EMPLOYES . grave concern the affiliation with the Chicago Federation of Labor of that portion of the public school teachers of Chi- Assignments. cago known as the Teachers' Federation. They would con- Eleanor Stanchfield, stenographer, superintendent's de- sider with the same concern an affiliation with any other partment. class of citizens within our country. The committee, there- Dwight H. Perkins, architect for the board. fore, expresses its unqualified disapproval of this affiliation Martin F. Brennan, watchman. with the Federation of Labor, and calls the attention of the Temporary Assignments . Board of Education and of the public to a situation in our Edward H. Bade, substitute engineer, Hendricks School . schools which can only lead to confusion, to class distinc- George H. Reinke, substitute fireman, Chicago Parental tions and prejudice, to a narrowed social outlook for the Schooi . teachers so affiliated, and to a partisan attitude which the F. P. Wilson, temporary investigator, attorney's office. very spirit of the profession calls for impartiality and non- partisanship. Matthew H. Robinson, Jr., watchman. "The committee regards this condition as absolutely un- Separations. justifiable and intolerable in a school system of a democ- Elizabeth A. Morrison, temporary stenographer, superin- racy." tendent's department. It being the last meeting of the present board, a photog- Albert W. Mahone, temporary clerk and stenographer, rapher took a picture before adjournment. business manager's department. Charles N. Petesch, substitute assistant engineer, Parent- al School. Edward H. Bade, substitute engineer, Hendricks School. MOTHER SHIPTON'S PROPHECY. James McNamara, watchman, Harvard School (de- ceased) . Carriages without horses shall go, Resignations . And accidents fill the world with woe ; Gustav Schultz, fireman, Chicago Parental School. Around the world thoughts shall fly Eleanor Stanchfield, stenographer, superintendent's de- In the twinkling of an eye. partment. Reinstatements . Water shall yet more wonders do. Now strange, but yet they shall be true ; Harold Rund, assistant engineer, Chicago Parental School. The world upside down shall be Changes in Salaries. And goldbe found at the root of a tree ; George McKenzie, engineer, John Spry, June 8th, month- Through hills a man shall ride, ly salary from $215.47 to $225.47 . And horse nor ass be at his side ; Joseph, Dunn, engineer, D. S. Wentworth, June 1, month- Under water men shall walk, ly salary from $208.36 to $217.81 . Shall ride, shall sleep, shall talk; Reinstatement of Hendricks School Engineer. In the air shall men be seen That under date of June 9. 1905, Patrick H. Hannanan, In white, in black, in green ; engineer of the Hendricks School building, was suspended Iron in the water shall float from duty on charges preferred against him pending in- vestigation by the committee ; that under date of June 16, As easy as a wooden boat ; 1905, the committee gave a hearing and ordered a reinstate- Gold shall be found and shown ment of said Patrick H. Hannahan, without loss of salary . In a land that's not now known ; EXPRESSION OF SENTIMENT. Fire and water shall wonders do ; The following statement, expressive of the sentiment of England shall at last admit a Jew ; the majority of the members of the board was then The world to an end shall come adopted by a vote of 13 to 6, those voting in favor of it being Messrs . Cameron, Mark, Stolz, Clausenius, Rowland. In eighteen hundred eighty-one . Tilden, Dudley, Chvatal, Plamondon, Shields, White, Weil and Sethness ; those opposed, Thompson, Kuflewski, O'Ryan, Mrs. Keough, Duddleston and Hayes . Trustees Fetzer and Fitzgerald were absent from the meeting. The TO CURE STAMMERERS . statement was introduced by Trustee White and came in the form of a report of a committee : It is said that stammerers rarely, if ever, show "Without questioning the propriety of the organization of labor or the advisability of the public school teachers form- any impediment of speech when speaking in whis- ing associations for mutual improvement and assistance pers. On this fact a new method of treatment has along educational lines, it is believed that public employes been advocated, which is as follows : For the first elected to serve impartially all classes of the public should ten days speaking is prohibited. This will allow rest refrain, both as a matter of good taste and of public policy, from affiliation with any particular class of citizens . Our to the voice and constitutes the preliminary stage honored President of the United States has properly, we of treatment. During the next ten days speaking think, placed the seal of his high official disapprobation is permissible in the whispering voice, and, in the upon such partisan affiliation of public employes in the case course of the next fifteen days, the ordinary con- of the mail carriers and public printers . versational tone may be gradually employed. "How much more reprehensible is it for public school teachers to officially ally themselves with any special sec- tion of the public. Teachers who are employed to teach the children of all classes, whatever may be their rights as citizens, have absolutely no more right to assume partisan The resistance of cedar wood to decay has long attitude and deliberately take the side of one portion of the public against the other. Teachers should remember that been famous, and cedar fence-posts often last for they are employed by the whole public, paid by the whole generations . A remarkable instance of the inde- public, to teach the children of the whole public, and that structibility of cedar has been noted in the state of they are, therefore, under moral and professional obliga- Washington, where a forest of hemlocks, near tions to hold themselves aloof from partisan entangle- ments. We urge the serious and thoughtful teachers of Acme, has grown up over an ancient buried forest our schools to carefully consider this matter as one of of cedars . The trunks of cedar, although lying grave importance to the schools as well as to the profes- in a moist soil, have been almost perfectly preserved sional dignity of their high calling. Nothing is more cer- for at least 150 years, the length of time that the tain to alienate the sympathy and support of the majority of school patrons and tax-payers than this allignment with rings of growth show the hemlocks to have been one special interest. growing above their fallen predecessors . 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. EDUCATIONAL The PICTURESQUE FOUNDATIONS Professional Advancement OSSIAN H. LANG, Editor Course "ERIE" TO THE Educational Foundations occupies a unique place among professional periodicals. Aiming to be neither a newspaper nor a journal of methods and devices, nor a Ν. Ε . Α. mere review of education, it has for fifteen years stead- fastly adhered to its original plan of supplying broad, thoro, progressive, carefully planned courses of reading At Asbury Park. for teachers who are striving for solid and permanent The " ERIE" Railroad Company with its own success in their chosen life-work. In addition to the most helpful surveys of the various departments of rails all the way from Chicago to New York, and pedagogy, this magazine supplies intensely interesting trains operated entirely by block signal system, and profitable general culture courses. offers exceptional advantages to the tourist in One superintendent writes : "Your magazine has opened the scenery along its lines especially that along my eyes to the larger aspects of education, and my teach- the famous Deleware River. ers and their pupils have been made the happier by my awakening. " The " ERIE " operates wide vestibuled solid Aformer country teacher writes: " I had lost courage and intended to take up the study of law, when your magazine through trains of the very latest design, new came to me and taught me that great work can be done in education. I studied faithfully the contents of every issue Pullman sleepers, up to date day coaches, and and passed, with high standing, a principal's examination, a modern through Diner, serving all meals at My present place pays double the salary I had a year ago." moderate prices. Only $ 1.25 a Year There are more stop-over points on the "ERIE ” SPECIAL RATES WILL BE MADE TO READING CLUBS than any other line, ie, Sagertown, Pa. , Cam- USING TEN OR MORE COPIES. A circular giving sugges- bridge Springs, Pa. , Lakewood or Jamestown.on tions for the organization and conduct of such clubs both the renowned Chautauqua Lake, Niagara Falls in city and country and outlines of ten courses with valu- and New York City. able pedagogical books will be sent on application. Address Drop in the City Ticket office 234 Clark St., UNITED EDUCATIONAL CO . for rates, time tables, etc. 61 East Ninth Street, New York Phone Har. 3274. GRAND TRUNK National Educational Association Asbury Park, N. J., July 3-7, 1905 LEHIGH VALLEY DOUBLE TRACK ROUTE See that your tickets read via the TO THE Lake Shore and Forty- Fourth Annual Meeting Michigan Southern ΝΑΤΙΟΝAL EDUCATION and New York Central ASSOCIATION The perfect passenger service of the LAKE SHORE & MICHIGAN SOUTHERN RY ., in connection with the New York Central, forms the safest and most attractive route ASBURY PARK, N. J. to the convention of the NATIONAL EDUCATION AS- SOCIATION at Asbury Park. JULY 3rd to 7th, 1905 Tickets will be sold at very low rates June 29, 30, July 1 and 2, good returning not later than July 10, with privilege of extension of return limit to August 31 by deposit of ticket and payment of fee of 50 cents. Stop-over can be had at $21.35 FOR THE ROUND TRIP. New York City on return trip only providing ticket has been executed at Asbury Park and is deposited with Joint For further particulars as to dates of sale, return limit, Agent at New York City and fee of $1.00 paid at time ofdeposit. time of regular and special trains, sleeping car rates and For itinerary and further particulars address, reservations, stop-over privileges and descriptive matter, call at L. F. VOSBURGH , CHICAGO TEACHER'S FEDERATION Gen. Western Passenger Agent, Chicago or send to C. F. DALY, Passenger Traffic Manager, Chicago J. H. BURGIS, A. J. SMITH, C. P. & T. A., Grand Trunk Railway System, Gen. Passenger Agent, Cleveland, O. 249 South Clark St., cor. Jackson Bivd., Chicago, III. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. TEACHERS, ATTENTION Vacation will soon be here. Do you want to earn from $250 to $1,000 during that time? We have a special proposition to make to you to sell the best secured guaranteed semi-annual dividend five per cent GOLD BONDS obtainable. Distribution and surplus earnings in addition to guaranteed dividends. Monthly install- ment and other plans of payment. The most profitable and perfectly secured means of saving. More than $2,000,000.00 paid to bondholders. Nearly $ 1,000,000.00 in assets. Call on or address , N. H. CARTINHOUR, 411 New York Life Bldg., CHICAGO TELEPHONE , CENTRAL 3419 JOHNNY'S POSTSCRIPT . him as yet, so she replied: "Oh, well, write me a Bessie Chandler, the writer of stories and verses postscript. " Again a silence, so prolonged that she for children, is a daughter of Commodore Chandler went into the room to investigate. There was no of the navy. At one time in their family they had boy there. The slate lay on the chair face upward. a little negro boy who was not very busy, and spent She read the message he had first called out, and underneath it this addition : " P. S.-I have went." his spare time idling about the rooms where the ladies sat. They would puzzle their wits to keep the -San Francisco Argonaut. boy at work. One day Mrs. Chandler was busy and sent Johnny into the next room. "You may take your slate and pencil," she said, "and write me Loans to Teachers Teacher a letter. " The boy obeyed. By and by there came If N. E. A. half-rates to New York, and cut Steam a shrill call : "Please, missus, l'se got it wroted. It Ship rates to Europe attract you, pull the latchstring which is always out. says : 'Dear Missus-Kin I go down to the tennis L. A. care FEDERATION BULLETIN, court and see them play tennis ? Respectfully yours , 437 Unity Building, CHICAGO, ILL. Johnny. " Mrs. Chandler was not ready to admit TWO PERSONALLY CONDUCTED SPECIAL TRAINS Chicago to Asbury Park Via New York OVER THE PENNSYLVANIA LINES ACCOUNT NATIONAL EDUCATIONAL ASSOCIATION CONVENTION The first will leave Chicago at 10:05 a. m. June 29th, via Pan Handle Route- fare for the round trip, $21.35. The second will be run over the Fort Wayne Route, leaving Chicago at 1:00 p. m. July 1st-fare, $23.35 for the round trip. Both trains will have coaches and sleepers Chicago to Asbury Park without change. Excursion tickets will also be sold for regular trains of June 29th and 30th, July 1st and 2nd, at same rates ; namely, $21.35 via Pan Handle Route and $23.35 over the Fort Wayne Route. Liberal return limits. At the above rates tickets can be purchased reading via Washington allowing stop over at Baltimore, Washington, Philadelphia and New York. For further information and sleeping car space, call at city office, 248 S. Clark St. , or address C. L. KIMBALL, Assistant General Passenger Agent No. 2 SHERMAN STREET, CHICAGO 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . BALTIMORE & OHIO RAILROAD Through Sleeping Car Route RATE- For the Forty-fourth Annual Convention of the must be deposited with thedepot ticket agent immediately up- National Educational Association, to be held at Asbury Park, on arrival at stop-over points for which no fee will becharged. New Jersey, July 3 to 7, 1905, the BALTIMORE AND OHIO ROUTES- The BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAILROAD operates RAILROAD will sell tickets at $21.35 from Chicago to Asbury two vestibuled limited trains daily between Chicago and the Park and return. The sleeping car fare will be $5.00 per eastern cities. berth in each direction. The New York Express leaves at 10:40 A. M. , and runs DATES OF SALE AND RETURN LIMITS-Tickets will be via Wheeling, Grafton, Cumberland, Harper's Ferry, sold June 29, 30, July 1 and 2, and be valid for return leav- Washington, D. C. , Baltimore and Philadelphia. This ing Asbury Park not earlier thanJuly 3 nor later than July train passes through the Glades of the Allegheny Mountains 10, subject to an extension of return limit until August 31, and through the Potomac Valley in day time. by depositing ticket with the Joint Agent at Asbury Park not The Royal Blue Limited departs at 3:30 P. M. , and runs later than July 10, and on payment of a fee of 50 cents at via Pittsburg, Cumberland, Harper's Ferry, Washington, time of deposit. Baltimore and Philadelphia. This train passes over the STOP -OTER PRIVILEGES-On the going trip stop-over Alleghany Mountains and along the Monongahela, Youghi- will be allowed at Washington, D. C. , Baltimore and Phila- oghany, Casselman and Potomac Rivers in day time. At delphia within the going transit limit of the ticket, July 4. Pittsburg an observation car is attached from which the Onthe return trip stop-over will be allowed at New magnificent mountain scenery can be viewed to the best York City until August 31, provided ticket has been validated advantage. by the Joint Agent at Asbury Park, and is deposited by the Both of these trains are equipped with elegant day original purchaser with the Joint Agent at New York not coaches as well as Pullman sleeping cars of the latest de- later than one day after validation at Asbury Park, and sign, and meals are served in dining cars. upon payment af a fee of $1.00 at the time of deposit. THE NEW YORK EXPRESS AND THE ROYAL BLUE LIM . Stop-over will also be allowed on the return trip at ITED WILL CARRY THROUGH SLEEPING CARS TO ASBURY PARK. Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington, D. C., until July 10 on tickets which have not been extended and not to ex- INFORMATION-For sleeping car reservations and fur- ceed ten days at each place on tickets which have been ex- ther information call on or address W. W. Picking, District tended, also at Deer Park, Mountain Lake Park and Oak- Passerger Agent, No. 244 Clark Street, Chicago. An ela- land, Maryland, but in no case will stop- over be allowed be- borately illustrated and fully descriptive booklet distributed yond August 31, 1905. To obtain these stop-overs, tickets free of charge. D. B. MARTIN B. N. AUSTIN Manager Passenger Traffic General Passenger Agent Baltimore, Md. Chicago "FOLLOW THE FLAG" WABASH WABASH TO THE N. E. A. Meeting at Asbury Park, N. J. TRAVEL VIA THE WABASH IN CONNECTION WITH THE WEST SHORE RY. STOP-OVERS allowed at Detroit, Niagara Falls and New York City, with the option of a delightful lake trip between Detroit and Buffalo, and a ride from Albany to New York via the Hudson River Day Line Steamers . Write for a free copy of Wabash N. E. A. Folder ( illustrated) , giving full details. F. A. PALMER, A. G. P. A. 97 Adams Street, CHICAGO Chicago Teachers ' Federation Bulletin 100 Vol. IV. CHICAGO , SEPTEMBER 8, 1905 . No. 30. INTERESTING LETTER ON THE EDUCA- porated under the laws of the District of Columbia. TIONAL ASSOCIATION. At the annual business meeting, held at St. Louis on June 30, 1904, the following resolutions were by Miss Margaret Haley. adopted: July 9th, 1905 . Resolved, That, in view of the early expiration, So many inquiries have come to me as to the through limitation by law, of the certificate of in- meaning and significance of the dispute in the an- corporation of the trustees of the National Educa- nual business meeting of the National Educational tional Association, the Board of Trustees is hereby Association, held in Asbury Park on Thursday last, authorized and requested to take such steps as may that it seems desirable to issue a statement explain- be necessary to continue its corporate existence and ing the situation. to protect the interests of the association thereby. Perhaps no better illustration can be found than "Resolved, That, in case existing provisions of that afforded by a great financial and fiduciary in- law as to the incorporation of associations for edu- stitution of this (New York) city, now in the throes cational or philanthropic purposes require any of reorganization in deference to an aroused and change in the terms of the existing constitution and determined public opinion demanding that the said rules of the association, the trustees be directed to institution shall be administered primarily and ex- report to the Board of Directors and to the next clusively in the interests of the hundreds of thou- annual meeting of the active members, such sands of men and women who are policy holders changes, if any, as they may recommend for adop- therein, the men and women who contribute its in- tion. come, instead of in the interest of a clique of of- "Resolved, That due notice by the secretary, un- ficers and directors who have long been fattening on der the terms of the present constitution, be given the profits that legitimately belong to the policy to active members of any change that may be pro- holders. Public opinion demands that this corpora- posed by the Board of Trustees in pursuance of the tion be "mutualized ; " that every policy holder in it above resolutions ." be given a voice in the management . This is pre- The foregoing resolutions clearly contemplate cisely what we are striving for in the National Edu- nothing more than the continuance of the corporate cational Association. We want the association to existence of the association, which may be effected remain " mutualized." We want it to remain with- by the simple filing with the proper official of the in the control, and be administered in the interest, of District of Columbia of a certificate of continuance , the thousands of teachers who contribute its income. duly executed by the legally designated officers of The aim of our opponents is to turn the association the association. But, lo and behold! the trustees over in perpetuity to a small, self-perpetuating, in- recommend an entirely different proposition. Instead dependent, and self-governing organization, within of recommending the association to proceed along the National Educational Association, and yet not the simple lines prescribed by law to continue its subordinate to it. Public opinion is compelling the corporate existence, the trustees recommend the "mutualization" of the great financial institution be- discontinuance of the association, and the creation fore noted ; but the dominant official faction of the by special act of Congress of a new corporation National Education Association is trying to com- radically different in important fundamental fea- pel, in the most arbitrary and ruthless manner, the tures from the existing corporation, and it is " gav- de-mutualization of our organization. elled," literally "gavelled" through the association While our brilliant and honored and democratic without explanation or discussion ! President was congratulating the National Educa- The method by which the corporate existence of tional Association on the ground that it was "truly the National Educational Association is continued democratic," a "true democracy," the managers of is , possibly, of small immediate importance, pro- that organization had just taken action tending to viding the corporate existence is, actually, contin- convert it into an absolute despotism. ued, and the spirit of the organization preserved. One more preliminary word. The controversy But this raises two questions : ( 1 ) Did the trustees in the National Educational Association is not, as conform to the instructions contained in the reso- many seem to believe , a contest between the men lutions above quoted? And, if not, why not ? ( 2) and women teachers of America, but is, on the con- Do they, by the recommended action, " continue the trary, something which concerns equally the rank corporate existence" of the association ? And if and file of the teaching force of the country- not, why not ? Is it not plain that the resolutions whether men or women. intended the trustees to proceed under existing The National Educational Association is incor- laws-with the proviso contained in the second res- 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . olution ? There is, however, no claim that "exist- tive" is not vested in the Council by this special act * * * ing provisions of law require any of Congress . But the lawyers do say that whatever change in the terms of the existing constitution and powers are given the Council under the proposed rules. " Nevertheless, the charter recommended by charter cannot be modified or revoked except by the trustees and approved by the association makes another special act of Congress. It is evident, vital constitutional changes, while the recommended therefore , that the National Council of Education by-laws differ materially from those under which is to be made practically independent of the Na- the association is now working . tional Educational Association, which purports to How many hidden dangers there are in the pro- be, and which the teachers believe to be, the supe- rior body. posed charter it would require a Philadelphia láw- yer to discover ; but one very grave danger is ap- To an entirely pertinent question from the floor parent to the casual reader. The National Educa- as to the relations of the National Council of Edu- cation to the National Educational Association un- tional Association as now constituted contains eight- een departments created by the Association itself, der the proposed plan of reorganization, the re- and subject to its government ; the eighteenth be- sponse given was : "If the members persist in tak- ing the National Council of Education. The pro- ing time asking such irrelevant questions, when are posed charter, however, reads : " This corporation we to get our dinner ?" The utmost haste, and im- shall include the National Council of Education and patience at every effort to get or give light on the business before the association characterized the the following departments," which are named. The charter expressly reserves to the association the entire business session. The meeting was held at power to organize or consolidate departments and 12 o'clock, noon, sandwiched in between a long to change their number or names, etc. in short, it morning and a number of afternoon sessions-this retains absolute control of the seventeen depart- the most important session, not only of this meeting, ments even, apparently, to the extent of discontinu- but the most important held within the history of ing them; but the National Council of Education the association ! Why did not the program provide (so far as shown by anything that appears in the time for due discussion and deliberation by the charter or in the constitution and by-laws of the members of this vitally important matter ? And association ) is absolutely independent of the parent why was every attempt to secure information arbi- trarily ruled out of order by the chair ? This was body. The National Council of Education has its individual constitution and by-laws, with power to an illuminating example of the "boss rule" and alter and amend the same. It is the opinion of law- "gag law" and " one man power" that has of late yers that under the terms of the proposed charter come to characterize school management and the the National Council of Education will be taken governing of teachers ! into the National Educational Association as it ex- The peculiarly generous treatment accorded the ists at the time the proposed charter becomes law, National Council of Education in the new charter or when the charter is adopted by the association. and by-laws is, perhaps, explained by the fact that The same lawyers declare that it is impossible to the entire board of trustees recommending the reor- say what the rights and powers of the National ganization are members of the Council ; while the Council will be in the association , and that it is relation of the Council to the cause of education quite within the bounds of reason to believe that it may be inferred from the fact that its president a may absolutely control the association ; though the year ago was the Boston agent of the American latter is composed of many thousands of members, Book Company . while the former is limited to sixty members and is, Another objection to the proposed charter is that as said before, self-perpetuating the association, it- it prescribes a variety of details of the manage- self, having no direct voice in the election of mem- ment of the association that ought to be, and are bers of the Council. Are the thinking teachers of usually, left to the by-laws . Of course, the object America willing to place their great National Asso- of this is to so fix things that the association will be ciation in such jeopardy ? powerless to make changes except by a new act of The visible powers of the National Council are Congress. One of these details concerns the crea- extremely disquieting to the thoughtful mind. Ar- tion and conduct of a "permanent fund. " The asso- ticle V. , Section 1, of the proposed by-laws ( and ciation now has a surplus of above $130,000.00. which these are regarded by the machine as being the same contributed chiefly by the teachers, and which as adopted ) gives to the Council the proposal of ought to be at the disposal of the association. The subjects for investigation and research, the appoint- proposed charter, however, practically removes this ment and supervision of those committees, the rec- fund from the jurisdiction of the members by pro- ommendation of the amounts to be appropriated for viding that " no part of the principal of such perma- such purpose, and the disposition of such reports. nent fund or its accretions" may be expended ex- Here we have a body that is not responsible cept under the following complication of conditions : to the Association ( possibly entirely independ- ( 1 ) Recommendation of the Board of Trustees : (2) ent of it, except as a purse-provider ) with practi- Approval of the Directors ; and ( 3 ) A two-thirds cally absolute power over all the really useful and vote of the active members of the association ; the practical activities of the association ! What do the last provision being so worded that it seems to mean great body of teachers who foot the bills and whose that a correspondence ballot of all the active mem- essential interests are concerned think of this ? bers must be taken. The foregoing powers are now exercised by the On the surface this seems a careful safeguard- Council " by courtesy of the Board of Directors. " ing of this permanent fund, but I am convinced that Under the plan of " reorganization " this "courtesy " its purpose is, and the practical effect will be, to becomes a " prerogative, " and none of the many law- put the fund beyond the reach of the active mem- yers I have consulted will say that this "preroga- bers, and is intended to obstruct the growing de CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 3 mands of the teachers of the United States not only but the " system" is not interested in the preserva- for investigation but for action by the National Ed- tion of republican institutions ! ucational Association to secure better conditions The whole tendency of school administration in for teachers-better salaries, more secure tenure of the United States is toward " centralization, " and office, provision for old age, equal rights for wom- this is the policy that is now being forced upon en with men in the profession, validity of diplomas, the National Educational Association. Who is re- etc. But as our permanent fund is to be so " safe- sponsible for this policy of centralization ? And guarded" as to make it almost impossible to use any what is its purpose ? From every quarter comes part of it for the investigation of such questions and the suggestion that great commercial interests are practical work based on the results of said studies, at the bottom of the movement, while many calm and as the Board of Trustees will be empowered thinkers believe that it is actively promoted, also, by by this special Congressional charter to invest in the certain institutions of learning which are interested permanent fund our annual surplus above $ 500, it in propagating doctrines agreeable to their found- is apparent that our treasury will usually be empty, ers, and in strangling the propagation of disagree- and that there will be no money to carry on such able doctrines . work. All this must be read in connection with Our public school system has become a veritable the provisions heretofore recited giving the Na- "Golconda," a " mine ," to be " worked for all it is tional Council of Education practically absolute worth !" and the interests that would exploit, and control over the proposal of subjects of investiga- are exploiting it, find it far easier to handle a well- tion, the appointment and supervision of commit- organized, central, despotic machine than to man- tees of investigation, the appropriation of money age the great body of principals and teachers, and for these purposes and over the final disposition of the reports. It is quite certain that when the Na- the people at large. The latest move in the game is the scheme to obtain control of the National Edu- tional Council finishes its work in any year there cational Association . will not be a penny at the disposal of the active membership for such purposes . There are many other dangerous features of THE GRADATIONS OF THEFT . "machine" rule in the National Educational Asso- ciation, two of which I shall note. One is that Mrs. Chadwick's operations have demonstrated the president is empowered to name the members anew the great theory of theft, says the Peoria of the nominating committee who elect. Therefore, Star. Here it is : in a close contest, the president might very easily Stealing a million-genius . control the election. Would it not be quite as Stealing $500,000-sagacity. logical to empower the President of the United Stealing $ 100,000-shrewdness. States to appoint presidential electors for any state Stealing $ 50,000-misfortune. or territory that should fail to elect? Another ob- Stealing $ 25,000-irregularity. jectionable feature is that no provision is made for Stealing $ 10,000-misappropriation . independent nominations, and, of course, the "ma- Stealing $ 5,000-speculation. chine" can usually control the "regular" nomina- Stealing $ 2.500 embezzlement. tions-and, as a matter of fact, does control. Stealing $ 1,250-swindling. In conclusion, it may be well to point out the fact Stealing $ 100-larceny. that there has been afoot for several years a pow- Stealing $ to-theft. erful, persistent, silent and largely successful con- Stealing a ham-war on society.-Metal Work- spiracy to make a despotism of our entire public ers' Journal. school system. State boards of education have demanded, and in some states have obtained, al- DEEDS THAT LIVE . most absolute control of the public school system. Local boards of education, themselves appointed In 1801 the Archduke Charles was called to take and not elected, are made corporations with powers superior to the city government. Superintendents command of the army of Austria, which at the bat- tle of Hohenlinden had been defeated by the French generally are demanding , and have frequently been and Bavarians . Near the scene of action he met a conceded, autocratic powers over school boards, number of wounded soldiers who had been aban- courses of study, selection of text-books , and the appointment, promotion, transfer and dismissal of doned on the road by their commander for want of teachers. The result is that teachers fear to pro- horses to draw their carriages in the retreat. test against " fads and frills," against what they be- The archduke, who on many occasions had shown lieve to be wrong and injurious educational meth- his humanity, immediately ordered the horses to be ods, or even against "graft," for they know that taken from several pieces of cannon that werebe- any such protest is certain to result in forfeiting all ing hauled to the rear. chances of promotion, if it does not result in perse- " The life of one brave man is better worth pre- cution and professional ruin, as is often the case. It serving than fifty pieces of ordnance," he said. is safe to say that with the exception of a few The abandoned guns fell into the hands of the specially enlightened communities, there exists to- French commander, who, when he heard of the day in America no such thoroughly terrorized and motive that had prompted the sacrifice, immediately oppressed body of men and women as our public ordered the whole to be sent back to the gallant school teachers, and a coerced and timid body of archduke with his compliments, observing that he teachers , afraid to raise their voices against wrong, should be unworthy of being the opponent of his cannot develop such a citizenship as is needed to imperial highness if he took advantage of so noble maintain the American republic in its integrity- an act of humanity. 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION that beside it and overshadowing it is manual labor, while out on the prairies and the hills is the agri- BULLETIN cultural laborer to whom real science is a blessing Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, but who has no need for Latin and nature studies . Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, To give him a dairy and a model garden showing December 23, 1901. how crops by rotation enrich the soil would be as THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the great a boon as the manual training and the cook- year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of ing schools are to the city bred child. April and December, by the Chicago Teachers' Federation. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single Back of the curriculum lies the yet harder task copies, Five Cents. ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received of preparing the child for a life of labor in which by Tuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. the actual book knowledge gained in the school ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to the order of the Federation Bulletin. room has but small relation. If the history, the MARGARET A. HALEY, Editor, botany, the arithmetic is given and accepted by the 814-816 Unity Building, CHICAGO child as a part of the life he lives, that child is Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. really being educated, and this ideal of making all subjects taught an integral part of real actual life is slowly taking definite shape in manifold ways all NEW OPPORTUNITIES . over the country . Not only has the teacher a duty toward the child "O to be up and doing, Ο but a duty toward the city. She is doubly bound Unfearing and unshamed to go through her office and through her scholars. She In all the uproar and the press may legitimately know facts about the lives and liv- About my human business ! ing conditions of the people which are hidden from My undissuaded heart I hear others and her intimate knowledge should be util- Whisper courage in my ear. ized through suggestion to the advancement of civic With voiceless calls, the ancient earth welfare. "Because I know whereof I speak" is a Summons me to a daily berth. powerful argument few can dispute. It is to the Thou, O my love, ye, O my friends- shame of the city fathers that this agency has so The gist of life, the end of ends- far been so little used. To laugh, to love, to live, to die, The ideal of the school as a social civic center Ye call me by the ear and eye ! seems far away. It is the natural clubhouse of the people. Through loan collections of pictures its "Forth from the casement, on the plain walls should be made beautiful, collections of min- Where honor has the world to gain, erals and objects illustrative of industrial processes, Pour forth and bravely do your part a branch of the public library, flowers, plants beau- O knights of the unshielded heart ! tiful grounds with gardens for the children and the Forth and forever forward !-out assembly rooms filled at night with the parents of From prudent turret and redoubt, the children. The possibilities of the school house And in the mellay charge amain, as a center are equally great in the suburban as in To fall but yet to rise again ! the densely crowded districts of the city. Captive ? ah, still, to honor bright, The coming year is pregnant with possibilities. A captive soldier of the right ! A new order has been established. Forces which 1 Or free and fighting, good with ill ? were formerly working against are now working Unconquering but unconquered still. " for the greatest good of the school child. It is a R. L. Stevenson . challenge as well as an opportunity to be met with The teacher more than anyone else needs faith a firm faith, a high courage and unbroken ranks and courage . Faith that the ideals which are born that the public schools of this city may be worthy of her profession will some day be realized, and of their trust and truly educate the children by courage to stand in a minority with two or preparing them to take their individual places later three fighting gloriously for the consummation of on as conscious parts of a great whole. her trust. It is an inspiring but sobering sight on ESTHER TABER. the first day of school to see the children crowding to the doors, to think what it all means in relation THE NORMAL SCHOOL . to the whole of life as life is lived to-day. The teaching of the child its A, B, C's and the The death of Dr. Arnold Tompkins, principal of routine work of everyday bears the same relation the Chicago Normal School, after five years of to teaching as a whole as answering the morning's service left vacant one of the most important posi- mail and attending to the daily details does to the tions in the school force. During the remainder great business. There is the great undiscovered to of the summer his place was filled by the Assistant the teacher as to the business man wherein lie un- Superintendent. It was the earnest desire of the told possibilities to those who have the faith to see. Board and of the Superintendent of Schools that Education in the public schools is as yet in the the office be permanently filled as soon as possible, elementary stage. It is still a new thing to educate and not only the school system but the city are to the masses and the proper adjustment has not yet be congratulated on the appointment of Mrs. Ella been found ; in fact, we are only beginning to un- Flagg Young to that position. derstand that the so-called " mass" is not academic Mrs. Young comes to her work well prepared but elementary and the methods and studies the col- and trained to meet the strenuous requirements of lege student revels in is worthless to the man earn- a difficult position. The appointment was one in ing his daily bread in an industrial age.. We forget, which ability and merit were recognized, and her too, that commercialism is but one part of city life intimate knowledge of local conditions in the dif- CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 5 BOARD OF EDUCATION. Wednesday , August 29 , 1905 . The following reports were adopted : Award of certificates : CERTIFICATES AS TEACHERS IN KINDERGARTENS . Effie J. Cohen, Marilla D. Fellows, Mary Edna Glendon, Emily Madeline Lawton, Marie E. Muń- son, Julia Grace Thompson, Lillian Wanner. CERTIFICATES AS TEACHERS OF THE DEAF , Nora B. Knisely, Philomena Magan, Ruchiel Antoinette Merrieless, Anna Stopps Taylor, Alex- ina E. Young. CERTIFICATES AS TEACHERS OF MANUAL TRAIN- ING . ( ELEMENTARY). Ernest D. Bishop, Florence E. Booth, James T. Gaffney, John K. Monahan, Clara Lillian Russ, William C. Waterstradt. CERTIFICATES AS TEACHERS OF HIGH SCHOOL . Anna Anderson, Lucy Arthur, Benjamin F. Bul- lard, Wallace Craig, Lauretta May Ferguson, Au- gustus R. Fischer, Frederick W. Owens , Orenda Mary Pollard, Lilian L. Pool, Carrie A. Reynolds, MRS . ELLA FLAGG YOUNG . Lillian L. Smith, Sarah Starr Stahl, Christopher ferent grades of teaching gained through practical Stapleton, Adah Helen Stutman, Helen Thayer, experience will be of great service to her in the Clara L. Trimble, Bertha I. Vincent, Emily C. duties pertaining to her responsible office. Webber, Ferdinand J. Zipf. CERTIFICATES AS TEACHERS OF MANUAL TRAIN- ING . ( HIGH SCHOOL). BOARD OF EDUCATION. Eugene C. Graham, John H. Hibler, Dennis W. On June 19, Mayor Dunne made public his ap- Kelley, John Sherman McChesney, Harry Andrew pointments for the Board of Education, naming Rea, Charles E. Riddel, John A. Toomey. Miss Jane Addams , Mrs. Emmons Blaine, Dr. Cor- CERTIFICATES AS PRINCIPALS OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS . nelia B. De Bey, Mr. Emil W. Ritter, Mr. Modie J. Spiegel, Mr. John C. Harding, and reappointing Mary G. Guthrie, Abigail M. Hunt, Martin E. Dr. W. A. Kuflewski . Hurney, Thomas M. Jamieson, Thomas C. John- The retiring members were Mr. D. R. Cameron, son, May I. Kent, Helen C. Maine, Amos P. Mr. Clayton Mark, Dr. Joseph Stolz, Mr. Geo. W. Spencer, Louise K. Stone, Harry S. Vaile, Jaroslaw Zmrhal. Claussenius, Mr. Geo. J. Thompson, Mr. Thomas CERTIFICATES AS FAMILY OFFICERS IN THE PAR- Fitzgerald . ENTAL SCHOOL. The first meeting of the new Board was held William II . Funk, William L. Morgan . July 12 when Mr. Edward Tilden, vice-president CERTIFICATES AS ASSISTANT FAMILY OFFICERS of the Board last year, was elected president on IN THE PARENTAL SCHOOL. the forty-first ballot. Clara L. Brewster, Ida B. Morgan. At the meeting on August 29 President Tilden CERTIFICATE AS MILITARY INSTRUCTOR IN THE named the following committees which were unan- PARENTAL SCHOOL . imously concurred in by the board : Earl H. Wells . SCHOOL MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE : CERTIFICATES AS TEACHERS OF HORTICULTURE IN THE PARENTAL SCHOOL . Miss Jane Addams, chairman ; Dr. E. C. Dudley, Mr. P. Shelly O'Ryan, Mrs. Emmons Blaine, Mr. Charles R. Brown, Martin Nelson. John J. Hayes, Mr. Charles A. Plamondon, Mr. CERTIFICATES AS TEACHERS OF SEWING, (ELE- MENTARY) . Charles O. Sethness, Dr. Cornelia B. De Bey, Mr. Edwin F. Rowland, Mr. James F. Chvatal. Ada B. Johnson, Bertha Loeffler, Florence H. BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS COMMITTEE: Rutherford . CERTIFICATE AS TEACHER OF SEWING, (HIGH Mr. John C. Fetzer, chairman ; Mr. Geo. Dud- SCHOOL) . dleston, Mr. Michael Shields, Dr. C. A. Weil, Mr. Elizabeth H. Fullerwider. Modie J. Spiegel, Dr. W. A. Kuflewski, Mr. John TRANSFER AND ELECTION OF HEAD ASSISTANTS C. Harding, Mr. Emil W. Ritter, Mrs. W. C. II . The transfers of Miss Elizabeth McKeon from Keough. FINANCE COMMITTEE : the position of head assistant at the Jirka School to the position of head assistant at the Walsh Mr. Charles A. Plamondon, chairman ; Mr. Mo- School, and the transfer of Miss Bessie M. Conner die J. Spiegel, Miss Jane Addams, Mr. John C. from the position of head assistant of the Walsh Fetzer. President Edward Tilden ex- officio member on School to the position of head assistant at the Jirka School. all committees. The election of Miss Martha L. Smith, a teacher in the Mulligan School, to the position of head CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION . assistant in the Mulligan School, at a salary of The regular meeting of the Chicago Teachers' $ 1,125.00 per annum, first year, first group . Federation will be held at 412 Masonic Temple, TEACHERS PLACED ON LIST FOR APPOINTMENT ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS . September 16, 1905, at 10:30 a. m. Admission by membership card only. Fannie S. Reeder, Robert P. Burkhalter. 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN: TEACHERS IN KINDERGARTENS . of Miss Esther Morgan, at a salary of $ 1,200 per annum . Eva H. Reed, Medorah D. Gammen, Mary C. Jaggar, Claribel Petrie. Walter R. Hatfield was granted a certificate to LIST FOR APPOINTMENTS . teach in the Chicago Normal School as head critic READY FOR POSITIONS IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS . for one year, to date from September 4, 1905, at a Lucy G. Ahern, Stella Ahern, Frances Ala- salary of $2,500 per annum . baster, Mary L. Anderson , Lillie Smith Barkell, ELECT MRS . ELLA F. YOUNG AS PRINCIPAL OF THE NORMAL SCHOOL, Lillian Mae Barton, Annie J. Beattie, O. M. Beck- er, Huldah P. Beers, Lilian Oleson Bendixen, Flor- The Superintendent of Schools respectfully re- ence Burns Blair, Gertrude H. Brahany, Mamie J. ports that Dr. Arnold Tompkins, principal of the Buckley, Nellie Melody Burke, Flora E. Burns, Chicago Normal School, died at his home in Menlo, Grace E. Burns, Margaret H. Burns, Winifred Cal- Georgia, on Saturday, August 12, 1005 , and that lahan , M. Neomia Carville , Helen E. Chambers , Mr. Frank W. Darling, the vice-phincipal, was Rosalie B. Chivington, Elizabeth Clark, Mary B. asked to give up other engagements and to make Colburn , Sara F. Collins , Bertha Alice Cowan , arrangements for the opening of the Normal School. Honor M. Cox. Agnes B. Cummins, Lyda Mary Curtin , Elizabeth M. Daly , Alice Day, Marian E. The Superintendent further respectfully recom- Dickson, Lillian A. Doty, Elizabeth M. Dunn, Ada mends that Mrs. Ella F. Young be elected prin- C. Dyson , Maude C. Farr, Mayme M. Foulkner, cipal of the Normal School, to succeed Dr. Tomp- Mary C. Fellows , Augustus R. Fischer, Elsie Fler- kins, at a salary of $5.000 per year, which recom- sheim, Autha L. Fluke, Annie Forbes . Deborah mendation the board unanimously concurred in. Ford, Blanche Foreman, Cora M. Forschner , FULL CERTIFICATES FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS District 1 . Hulda Friedenthal, Millie R. Galusha, Ethelyn W. Gebhart, Emma A. Glavin , Clara Mae Goodnow, Louis J. Conradi, Alcott ; Anabel King , Arnold ; Elma Graves, Edith V. Gray, Mabel P. Hall, Flora Mabel N. Sexton, Arnold ; Ottilie M. Bloch, Audu- J. S. Hampton, Kate L. Hassett, Adla A. Hell- bon ; Laura E. Enright, Belding ; Jennie Carleton, gren, Alvina E. Henning, Helen J. Hill, M. An- Bismarck; Nellie H. Olson, Blaine; John G. Roes- gela Hillan, Hedwig 11. Hochbaum, Louise E. sler, Blaine ; Elizabeth M. Grosser, Bowmanville; Hoenes , Laura E. Hull, Edith Hunting , Effie E. Lydia Benzing, Burley : Jennie Knowlton, Burley ; Johnson, Etta Johnson, Catherine J. Judd, Marga- Jeanette B. McGinnis , Coonley ; Barbara Manton, ret C. Kemmet, James U. Kemph, Eva Kendall, Goudy ; F. Fanchon Schupp, Goudy ; M. Therese Martha A. Kiehl, Frieda E. Kiess, Janette F. Kim- Norton, Greeley ; Pearl E. Baker, Headley ; Olga ball, Alice M. Krackowitzer, Lena A. Ladd, Helen M. Boyd, Headley : Olive Forsberg, Irving Park ; B. Lerch, Victoria Leutwein, Lillian Lewis , Emma Mary Murphy, Knickerbocker ; Margaret Cos- Belle Lowell, Elfrieda C. Lutke, Susanne Lynch, tello, La Salle ; Libbie F. Roth, Linne ; Thos . P. Alice S. Martin, Gertrude E. Martin, Alice E. Kerr, Lloyd ; Mary K. Plumb, Nettelhorst ; Hen- McClelland, Edith McClellan, Flora McCormick, riette Kleinpell, Newberry ; Nellie M. Goebel, Agnes M. McGillen, Mary J. McLaggan, Agnes Nixon ; Lizzie A. Lessing , Nixon ; Andrea T. Han- B. MacNeish, Mary Manning, Janie Miller, Julia son, Norwood Park ; Elsa Geiger, Prescott ; Joanna D. Mitchell, John K. Monahan , Anna Mooney, C. Druehl, Schneider. District 2 . Josephine Murray, Charles A. Myall, Mary J. Auguste J. Forster, Andersen : Elise M. Fuog , Norris, Emma J. W. Oberg , Margaret A. O'Brien , Bancroft ; Sarah C. Mason , Bancroft ; Laura V. Mary E. O'Brien, Julia J. O'Brien, Ella V. Boothe, Burr ; Cara H. Sommers , Cameron ; Cath- O'Hearn, Isabella O`Malia, Ida M. Palmer, Luther erine A. Decker, Franklin ; Maude Baxter, La- H. Peck, Rose Petrick, Hannah Purves, Mary G. Fayette ; Elizabeth S. Perl, Lowell ; Caroline Carl- Quilty, Myrtle Rea, Olga L. Reese, Alice M. son, Motley ; Grace Gleason, Peabody ; Rosa P. Regan, Winifred Reid, Ethel V. Rice, Ora M. Schultze, Peabody ; Mabel Corey, Schiller ; Rose Riggs, Helen Florence Roberts, Julia L. Robson, Florence V. Ross , Anne B. Royston, Johanna Ryan, C. LeGros, Stowe: Emma Sann, Stowe ; Mary B. Dalton, Talcott; Elizabeth Eisler, Talcott ; Lillian Lizzie G. Ryan , Harriet S. Schaefer, Rose Ca- melia Sladek, Leila E. Sloan , Mabel P. Speer, Mary M. Tobin, Talcott ; Marie Klappenbach, Von Hum- P. Squier , Ella C. Sullivan, Agnes Thane, Mary E. boldt; Helen L. Morgan, Von Humboldt ; Millie Thompson, Laura C. Thompson , Olive M. Thomp- J. Peters, Von Humboldt ; Mary A. Young, Von son, Emma Brown Wait, Ella V. Wallenberg, Humboldt ; Melane H. Wolff, Wells; Edna Doyle, Wicker Park. Laura D. Ward, May Weddle, Adelaide Weiger, District 3 . Annie Jessel Whyte, Helena O. Woltmann, Effie Clara D. Kneedy, Brown ; Meta M. Shirach , DePuy Woodruff, Nora K. Yorker. Clarke ; Susie E. Liston , Dante ; Ernestine L. TRANSFER AND ELECITON OF PRINCIPALS . Kircher, Garfield ; Louise Krueger, Garfield ; Mary Miss Elizabeth Murphy from the position of McCullough, Goldsmith ; Lydia C. Bailey, Irving ; principal of the Ogden School to the position of Ida Knockenmuss , Irving ; Katherine M. Murray , principal of the Hamilton School, made vacant by Jefferson; Florence Mullen, Jungman ; Florence the resignation of Mrs. Minnie A. Barthel. Wolf, Jungman ; Elma Weed, Pickard; Lulu Miss Esther Morgan from the position of prin- Launer, Skinner ; Amelia Reinhard, Swing : Mar- cipal of the Bowmanville School to the position of garet M. Adams, Throop ; Magdalena W. Handt, principal of the Ogden School, made vacant by Walsh. the transfer of Miss Elizabeth Murphy. District 4. Mrs. Minnie M. Arnold, head assistant of the Emma Hartman , Armour: Julie V. Toomey , Belding School, to the position of principal of the Armour ; Eliza D. Martin, Burns ; Mae Agnes Bowmanville School, made vacant by the transfer Dolan, Emmet ; Alwine Loeb, Everett ; Julia De- CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 7 laney, Greene ; Josephine B. McDonald, Greene ; perintendent's Department. John P. Quinn, en- Adrian M. Dovlin, Harrison : Kathryn Moriarity, gineer, Goodrich school building. John R. Ma- Harrison ; Theresa E. Murphy, Harrison ; Anna hony, engineer, Forestville school building. John E. Friel, Hayes ; Margaret M. Murphy, McClel- E. Sheridan, engineer, Farren school building. Ed- lan; Lucinda Westbrook Downey, Spry ; Eliza- ward J. Maley, engineer, John Crerar school build- beth D. Fox, Sumner ; Agnes Maiwald, Ward. ing. Charles F. Johnson, piano tuner and repairer. District 5 . Wilber S. Barrows, engineer, Moseley school build- Susan Duffy, Beale ; Hermine Schramm, Brow- ing. Hattie Johnson, stenographer, Superintend- nell ; Hilma Lythberg, Chicago Lawn ; Alice M. ent's Department. Mark Hay, architectural drafts- Boyle, Curtis ; John Adamson, Fallon ; Jeanette man, Architect's Department. Albert S. Fisher, O'Neill, Fallon : Alice Wegener, Hamline ; Elea- laborer, Parental school building. Michael nore Dissett, Holmes ; Fannie R. Manosevitch , O'Shaughnessy, watchman. Amelia Williams , Holmes ; Margaret F. Dunn, Raster ; Margaret A. janitress , Patrick Henry school branch building. Magner, Raster ; Lizzie V. F. Doolin, Shields ; Thomas McNamara, engineer, South Division man- Genevieve Coleman , Webster ; M. Lillian Hand, ual training high school building. Henry Olden- Wentworth ; Grace McIntyre, Wentworth ; Mamie stedt, engineer, Lyman Trumbull school building . Sherrett, Wentworth ; Mamie A. Stern, West Pull- Ida Andersen, stenographer, Superintendent's De- man. partment. District 6 . TEMPORARY ASSIGNMENTS : Mary F. Honan , Burke ; Lori Brown, Cornell ; Maggie Eggler, temporary scrub woman, Pa- Margaret S. Haynes, Cornell ; Mrs. Grace M. Hil- rental school building. William Gutte, temporary lis , Cornell ; Mrs. Marie Bonfield Stuart, Doolittle ; cook, Parental school building. Andrew Ander- Rosalie G. Mendel, Doolittle ; Anna B. Caspers , Fel- sen, temporary farm laborer, Parental school. senthal ; Marie A. Hochreiter, Forestville; Mary E. George L. Meservey, Jr., temporary watchman. Magan , Kozminski ; Mabel C. Platt, Kozminski ; Victor Johnson, temporary farm laborer, Parental Emily C. Stanley, Madison ; Luella Roesch, Mavor ; school. Louis Marcil, temporary assistant cook, Bertha Baron, Moseley ; Alice Meyer, Moseley ; Parental school. Charles N. Petesch, temporary Catherine Pottinger, Moseley ; Agnes Lawson, engineer, Parental school building, during the ab- Parkside ; Elizabeth M. Treanor, Ray ; Jessie sence of George Stoltz. George Reinke, tempor- 2 Wolff, Scott ; Jean A. Smyth , Sullivan ; Ethel Mc- ary janitor, Parental school building , during the ab- Cracken , Willard ; Veronica McFarland , Willard. sence of Frank M. Gerdes . Anna M. Sullivan , PURCHASE BASKET BALL OUTFIT FOR CURTIS temporary stenographer, Compulsory Education HIGH SCHOOL . Department. Lyman Gates, temporary farm labor- A basket ball outfit was ordered for use in the er, Parental school. Thomas L. Byrne, substitute Curtis High School Department. engineer, Ryerson school building. William T. GRANT USE OF HALL FOR JUVENILE PROTECTIVE LEAGUE OF CHICAGO . Howley, stenographer, Architect's Department. Edward Durkin, substitute night engineer, John A committee of the Juvenile Protective League Worthy school building , during the vacation of M. of Chicago petitioned the board for the use of the F. Machler. James Ryan, substitute engineer, John assembly hall in either the Goldsmith, Foster or Crerar school building . Hugh Durish, temporary Washburne School, on Tuesday evening, Septem- assistant cook, Parental school. Nellie E. Nelson , ber 26, for the purpose of holding a public meet- temporary stenographer, Superintendent's Depart- ing under the auspices of said league ; that after ment. Clyde R. Thurrwell, temporary stenograph- consideration, the committee referred the matter to er, Superintendent's Department. Martin Lorenze , Superintendent Cooley, with power to act, it being temporary assistant cook, Parental school building. understood that said league will pay for the use Lydia Erickson, temporary stenographer, Superin- of the hall in accordance with regular schedule tendent's Department. Mrs. E. M. Vallin, tempor- rates established by the board. The request was arv stenographer , Superintendent's Department. granted. Walter T. Murphy, temporary stenographer, Su- TRANSFERS , ASSIGNMENTS , ETC. TRANSFERS : perintendent's Department. Thomas L. Byrne, sub- stitute engineer, Moseley school building. Thomas Edmond Herzog, engineer, from the Farren Connors , substitute engineer, South Division man- school building to the Scanlan school building . ual training high school building . Michael J. Francois X. Du Bois, engineer, from the Moseley Broderick, substitute engineer, Thomas Hoyne school building to the Edgar Allan Poe school manual training high school building. John Brons , building . George A. Broll, office boy, from the temporary building construction engineer. Belle Architect's Department to the Superintendent's De- Young, temporary stenographer, Superintendent's partment . Charles McCurry, engineer, from the Department. Dr. Theodore O. Roberg , temporary Lyman Trumbull school building to the Thomas physician and surgeon and child study expert, Pa- Hoyne manual training high school building. Thom- rental school, during the vacation of Dr. Ryerson . as Ward, engineer, from the Brownell school build- SEPARATIONS : ing to the South Division manual training high school building. Thomas Me Namara, engineer, Garhard Garanson , temporary farm laborer , Pa- from the South Division high and manual training rental school building . Thomas L. Byrne, substitute school building to the Brownell school building . engineer, Brownell school building . Victor Jolm- ASSIGNMENTS : son, temporary farm laborer, Parental school build- James Houlihan, watchman. Charles H. Mc- ing. George L. Meservey, Jr., watchman . William Dermott, watchman. Thomas Ward, engineer, Gutte, temporary cook, Parental school building . Brownell school building. George A. Broll, office Andrew W. Murray, janitor, Douglas school build- boy, in the Architect's Department. William Wil- ing. George Reineke, temporary janitor, Parental liams , watchman. Emil Nelson, stenographer, Su- school building . Anna M. Sullivan, temporary 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. stenographer, Compulsory Education Department . rapher, Superintendent's Department. Amelia Harry A. Schlick, substitute engineer, Goodrich Williams, temporary janitress, Eugene Field school school building. Thomas L. Byrne, substitute en- branch building. Belle Young, temporary stenog- gineer, Ryerson school building. John P. Quinn, rapher, Superintendent's Department. engineer, Forestville school building . John R. Ma- LEAVES OF ABSENCE : hony, engineer, Scanlan school building. John E. Albert W. Merrill, engineer, Ryerson school Sheridan, engineer, Edgar Allan Poe school build- building, for a period of 90 days or less, owing to ing. Patrick J. Ryan, engineer, Joan Crerar school illness, from July 19, 1905. May M. O'Hanlon, building ( deceased) . James Ryan, substitute en- stenographer, Superintendent's Department, for a gineer, John Crerar school building. Charles F. period not exceeding one year, from August 1, Johnson, temporary piano tuner and repairer. Eliza- 1905. Ella M. Cullen, stenographer, Compulsory beth A. Morrison, temporary stenographer, Super- Education Department, for a period of 90 days or intendent's office . Frank S. Blanchard, temporary less, from August 1, 1905. Emil Nelson, stenog- draftsman, Architect's Department. Thomas L. rapher, Superintendent's Department, for a period Byrne, substitute engineer, Moseley school build- of 60 days, from August 11 , 1905. James J. Sayer, ing. Nellie E. Nelson, temporary stenographer, assistant secretary, Superintendent's Department, Superintendent's Department. Clyde R. Thure- for a period of one year, from August 7, 1905. well, temporary stenographer, Superintendent's De- RE - INSTATEMENTS : partment. Mark Hay , temporary draftsman, Archi- tect's Department. Charles N. Petesch, substitute Thomas J. Rodney, barn man and hostler. Ella engineer, Parental school building . Hugh Durish, M. Cullen, stenographer, Compulsory Education temporary assistant cook, Parental school building . Department. Albert W. Merrill, engineer, Ryerson William T. Howley, temporary stenographer, school building . Marinda Young, janitress, Eugene Architect's Department. Mrs. E. M. Vallin, tem- Field school branch building. LAY OFF : porary stenographer, Superintendent's Department. Lydia Erickson, temporary stenographer, Superin- Michael O'Shaughnessy, watchman. William tendent's Department. Edward Durkin, substitute Williams , watchman . night engineer, John Worthy school building. SUSPENSION : Thomas Connors , substitute engineer, South Divis- Daniel Moss, woodworking machine helper ion manual training high school building. Michael (pending trial by the committee) . J. Broderick, substitute engineer, Thomas Hoyne RESIGNATIONS : manual mining high school building. Lyman Benjamin E. Winslow, draftsman, Architect's De- Gates, temporary farm laborer, Parental school partment. William J. Reidy, woodworking machine building. Walter T. Murphy, temporary stenog- helper. UNIVERSITY LECTURE ASSOCIATION IN CO-OPERATION WITH THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO LECTURE COURSES ANNOUNCED BY THE UNIVERSITY LECTURE ASSOCIATION FOR THE ENSUING YEAR ARE AS FOLLOWS : 1 NORTH SIDE CENTER-Monday Evenings . Lincoln WEST SIDE CENTER .-Thursday Evenfngs, Lewis Park Congregational Church , 707 Fullerton Blvd. Institute, Cor. Robey and Madison Sts. October 2nd- November 6th.-" From Social Utopias to October 5th November 9th.--" From Social Utopias to Practical Politics," six lectures by John Graham Brooks, A. Practical Politics, " six lectures by John Graham Brooks, A. B. , Professorial Lecturer in Social Economics. B. , Professorial Lecturer in Social Economics. 1 November 16th December 21st. " American Litera- November 13th December 18th . " Scenic Features of ture, " six lectures by Richard Burton, Ph. D., Professorial North America, from the Physiographic Point of View, " six Lecturer in English Literature. lectures by Dr. Wallace W. Atwood, Ph. D. , Instructor in January 4th February 8th. " The Slavic World, six Physiography and General Geology. ( Illustrated with stere- lectures by Edward A. Steiner, Professor of Applied Chris- opticon views. tianity, Iowa College. January 8th February 12th. " Tragedies of Shake- February 15th March 22nd. " The Master Writers of speare: Approached Through Kindred Masterpieces, " six the Bible, " six lectures by Herbert L. Willett, Ph. D. , As- lectures by William Norman Guthrie, A. M. , Lecturer in sistant Professor of Semitic Languages and Literatures. General Literature . March 29th May 3rd.-"Other Worlds Than Ours, " six lectures by Forest Ray Moulton, Ph. D. , Assistant Professor February 19th March 26th .-" Literary Reading as a ofAstronomy. ( Illustrated with stereopticon views) . Means of Biblical Study, " six lectures by Richard G. Moul- CENTRAL CENTER .-Music Hall , Fine Arts Building, ton, Professor of Literary Theory and Interpretation. Thursday Afternoons , 4:15 O'Clock. SOUTH SIDE CENTER . Tuesday Evenings . Abraham A series of thirteen lectures and recitals, beginning No- Lincoln Center, Oakwood Blvd. & LangleyAve. vember 2nd, on " The World's Dramatic Masterpieces, " by Professor S. H. Clark, Dr. Richard Burton, and William October 3rd-November 7th.-" Steps Toward Social Norman Guthrie. Equality, " six lectures by John Graham Brooks, А. В. , OPENING MEETING .-Music Hall , Fine Arts Building. Professorial Lecturer in Social Economics . September 29th , 8:00P . M. November 14th December 19th .--" Other Worlds Than Address by John Graham Brooks, on " Some Hopeful Ours, " six lectures by Forest Ray Moulton, Ph. D., Assistant Signs in American Life. " Tickets can be secured free of Professor of Astronomy. ( Illustrated with steropticon views). charge at the Box Office, Fine Arts Building, or at the University of Chicago. January 9th - February 13th.-" Shakespeare's Tragedies : ADMISSION TICKETS . Approached Through Kindred Masterpieces, " six lectures Membership card, admitting two persons to all lectures given by by William Norman Guthrie, A. M. , Lecturer in General the Association in the academic year, 1905-6 , and one person Literature. to the Open Lectures at the University, Summer Quarter, 1906 $10.00 February 20th March 27th . "European Capitals and Family ticket (Associate Membership) good for twenty- four ad- missions in ary combination. 5.00 Their Social Significance, " Pt. II , six lectures by Jerome Package ticket, twelve single admission tickets in package 3.00 H. Raymond, Ph . D. , Associate Professor of Sociology . Course tickets, six lectures 1.50 .35 (Illustrated with stereopticon views ). Single admission Tickets Tickets may be secured at the lecture halls or at A. C. McClurg & Co., 215 Wabash Ave. Full announcements and information as to other lec- tures and as to conditions upon which University Credit may be secured will be sent upon application to Walter A. Payne. 58th St. & Ellis Ave. Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin 100 Vol. IV. CHICAGO , SEPTEMBER 15, 1905 . No. 31 . WOMEN SCHOOL TEACHERS ' PAY LOWER In Philadelphia the street cleaner gets $503 , THAN SEWER CLEANERS ' . the teacher $470. In San Francisco, whose teach- By John Harris . ers are among the highest paid in the country, the minimum teacher's wage is $600, but the man who (Chicago Tribune July 16, 1905. ) cleans the streets gets $750. In Atlanta, Ga., the Women school teachers in the United States are paid less than street cleaners. The women who street cleaner gets $300 a year, the woman thought are intrusted with the early education of the citi- fit to begin the career of a teacher $250. In Buf- falo the street cleaner gets $450, the teacher $400. zens of the country draw less money than the men who scrape and wash the boulevards. In New Orleans the street cleaner gets $461 , the Only four cities in the United States-Chicago, teacher $315. PLANE GEOMETRY AT $300 A YEAR. Washington, Columbus, Ga., and Meridian, Miss.- pay their school teachers as much as they pay their "The wages of the street cleaner represent the sewer cleaners and street sweepers and two of returns of the commonest unskilled labor, while in these cities employ negroes at the work-which ac- scarcely a city of importance can a teacher obtain a counts for the difference . position, at even the minimum wage, without some The committee on salaries, tenure, and pensions previous experience, at an even lower salary, or of the National Educational association presented some special preparation in addition to the educa- these facts in its report to the association of Asbury tion given by the public schools. For example, can- Park on July 3, astounding the world by the com- didates for teachers of elementary schools in Bal- parison. timore before they are even allowed to try the The report shows that women school teachers teachers' examination must have completed the are ranked, in pay, below the lowest grade of un- course in one of the Baltimore training schools for skilled workers and that the people of the United teachers or they must have taught two years ac- States trust their children at the vital point of their ceptably, and must have passed examinations in lives into the care of women who are paid less than English, including grammar, composition and lit- blacksmiths, carpenters, painters, or any other line erature, history and civics, arithmetic, algebra, of skilled labor. plane geometry, either physics, botany, or zoology, ASTOUNDING COMPARISONS IN REPORT . geography, physiology and hygiene. Here are the startling facts brought out in the "For all this the pay at beginning is $ 300 a year, report: with three annual advances of $48 and one of $60. The salaries paid school teachers of the elemen- When she has accomplished all her advances the tary schools of the United States average less than Baltimore elementary teacher has attained the giddy those paid sewer cleaners. height of $504 a year, more than $100 less than a Every skilled worker in the United States re- New York municipal street laborer gets, and he ceives more pay than the great bulk of primary never had to know any grammar. Think of de- teachers. manding plane geometry for $300 a year ! CITY TEACHERS WORK LONG HOURS . Salaries of women high school teachers are about the same as those of skilled workers in their own "It may be argued that the laborer works more cities. hours a day than the teacher. Certainly in coun- The salary of a woman high school teacher in a try schools teachers have little work to do outside small city about equals that of the sewer cleaner in of classrooms. But in the modern city school the a large city. reports called for, the planning and preparation of CHICAGO SHINES BY COMPARISON . lessons, the reading and correcting of exercises, the The report says in part: "In only four cities in professional calls, attendance at teachers' meetings, the United States does the minimum salary of the and so on will bring the teachers' average working woman teacher in the grades exceed that paid to day up to ten hours. street cleaners by the same municipality. Those "It may further be argued that the teacher has a cities are Chicago, Washington, Columbus, Ga. , and chance to rise from this minimum salary quoted. Meridian, Miss., and in the last two named the la- But of all the women in all the elementary schools borers are colored, while the teachers are white, in the 467 largest cities of America, ranging from which undoubtedly explains the discrepancy. 4,000 to 1,000,000 and more in population, only "In New York, including Brooklyn, the average thirty- seven hundredths of I per cent receive as yearly wage of a street cleaner is $631, the mini- much as $ 1,600, while 44 per cent-nearly half- mum teacher's salary $540. In intellectual Boston receive less than $600 a year, and 7.13 per cent less the street cleaner gets $603, the teacher, $552 . than $400. 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . TEACHERS DRAW LESS THAN MOLDERS . tary school teachers is $996 in New York, $717 in "But if you want to appreciate the true meager- Philadelphia, and $823 in Chicago. In all cases the ness of teachers' salaries in this country compare average salaries of women alone in these positions them with those of skilled labor. It is sufficient is much lower. that teaching is not only not regarded as a profes- " In the group of sixteen cities with population sion in this country but it is not even considered a ranging from 200,000 to 1,000,000 Boston stands at trade. This report presents the minimum wages the top in every line of teachers' salaries, although paid molders in jobbing and machine foundries in not the largest of the sixteen cities. The palm for 103 cities. In Chicago the minimum wage of such the lowest salaries must be divided among Wash- molders is $900 a year ; that of teachers $ 550. The ington, Baltimore, New Orleans and Louisville. Chicago schoolma'am may have outstripped the "In the third group of cities, rangng from 100,- haughty street cleaner, but she is still far behind 000 to 200,000 in population, Denver pays the best the plutocratic iron molder. In New York the in two branches. Her average for high school molder also gets $900, against $540 for the teacher. teachers is $ 1,218 and for elementary school teach- In Boston he gets $725, against her $552 ; in Phil- ers $762. adelphia $870, against her $470 ; in San Francisco BETTER PAY MEANS BETTER SCHOOL. $870, against her $600 ; in Seattle $1,050, against "Wherever a high grade of efficiency has been her $550. And so on. There isn't a city in the reached in the schools of a city it has been because United States where the minimum wage of an ele- high class teachers remained for long periods in mentary woman teacher equals the minimum wage positions where high class work was encouraged. of an iron molder ; by which you will see that it is This result is obtained in one way only-by sal- moreRURAL important to mold iron than to mold brains. INSTRUCTORS DRAW PITTANCES . aries sufficiently high to attract, retain, and encour- age good teachers to do good work. In municipali- "But all these figures apply only to cities, where ties where such conditions have been realized the teachers have princely salaries. Go to the rural districts if you want to find pittances. According process has been, first, the increase of the wages to the United States census of 1900, 35.2 per cent of certain teachers by resolution ; second, the adop- of all the families in the United States are living on tion of regular schedules of salaries, with provision farms , so more than one-third of all the teachers for a fixed increase for merit and time of service. " must be teaching in rural, ungraded schools. Teach- ers are reported teaching for as low as $4.93 a week TEACHERS' WAGES . in Maine, and as low as $6.50 a week in Massachu- President Felmley of the Illinois State Normal setts, and only thirty-two weeks' school at that. The University, in an address recently delivered on the average weekly salary of all women teachers in subject, " Scarcity of Teachers," said: Vermont, cities included, is only $7 a week. Many The statement of this question presumes that teachers receive $20 a month in rural schools in the prevailing scarcity of qualified teachers is a Connecticut. Pennsylvania rural salaries run down matter of common knowledge. It is certainly to $140 a year. known to superintendents charged with the selec- "Turning to the south, we find yearly salaries tion of teachers. In more than one county in Illi- running down to $ 107 for white teachers and $56 nois school houses are standing empty because a for colored in South Carolina. In Georgia it runs suitable teacher cannot be found. County superin- as low as $20 a month for white and $ 10 a month tendents have been obliged to lower their standard for colored with terms only four or five months in of requirements for admission to the profession, to length. Five dollars a week is reported for women reject fewer applicants for certificates. One county teachers in rural Missouri. Yet $7.50 a week is superintendent reports that last year he rejected reported from Kansas and $8 a week from Colo- only two, while two years before he turned away rado. forty-three. The upper classes in the State Nor- PAY OF MALES DISPROPORTIONATE . mal schools are depleted by the constant calls for "There is another curious difference between the teachers . They have not been able to meet one- salaries of men and women. Of the 1,500 male fourth of the demand made upon them during the teachers in elementary schools receiving an aver- school year. Fewer students enter the State Nor- age salary of $1,161 22 per cent receive $1,600 or mal schools. Why need they? The schools must over, while of the women in the elementary schools be provided with teachers. All who can pass mus- less than I per cent get as much as $1,600. ter with the county superintendent are reasonably " In the first group of cities of 1,000,000 or more sure of employment, while he in turn must level population are placed only New York, Chicago, and his requirements to the ability of the available can- Philadelphia. Of these New York is far ahead of didates . The writer recalls four seniors in one vil- the other two, as well as of all the cities in the lage high school that in May arranged to enter the country in everything except the salary of the su- State Normal School at Normal in September. Sep- perintendent. Chicago pays her superintendent tember found them all teaching. The opportunity $10,000, while New York pays only $8,000, but to earn money for themselves was too tempting. New York gives a much larger number of assist- Yet a high school graduate is well up in the ranks. ant superintendents. The average salary of high Superintendent Bayliss reports 4,428 teachers last school principals is $4,351 in New York, $3,583 in year without any high school education . Philadelphia, and $2,960 in Chicago. High school All these facts point to one conclusion. Teach- teachers receive an average of $ 1,740 in New York, ers are growing scarce. An examination of the roll $1,491 in Philadelphia, and $1,446 in Chicago. Ele- in any particular county will show that many of mentary school principals receive an average of the best teachers are leaving the work; the men to $1,812 in New York, $1,545 in Philadelphia, and farm, to study law or medicine, to become insur- $1,510 in Chicago. The average salary of elemen- ance agents and traveling salesmen, or to enter the CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 3 government service; the women to marry, to be- the teacher, salaries $40 per month.-Cook County come trained nurses, stenographers, responsible School News, July, 1905 . bookkeepers and saleswomen. There has always BOARD OF EDUCATION . been this outflow from the profession; but just now it is greater than before; fewer young people are Wednesday , September 13, 1905 . ready to fill the vacant places; and I think we must The following reports were adopted : all agree that in view of the needs and responsi- AWARD OF CERTIFICATES AS PRINCIPALS AND TEACHERS . bilities of modern education, too few are looking se- riously to a career in this profession and making That the following named candidates, who were adequate preparation for it. successful in the academic examinations of June Why are teachers scarce ? The economic law 26 and 27, 1905, for certificates as principals and is that labor drifts from one occupation to another teachers in the Chicago public schools, and who according to the relative inducements offered in have since passed the physical examination required each. At all times teachers have been drawn to under the rules of the Board of Education, be awarded certificates as indicated. their vocation by a variety of considerations . The CERTIFICATES AS TEACHERS IN ELEMENTARY social position and public respect accorded to wor- SCHOOLS . thy teachers is no mean inducement. People who Mattie M. Canfield, Bertha Clark, Mrs. Virginia love knowledge for its own sake, not merely for B. Craver, Clara G. Darnell, Helen R. Gilding , the uses to which it can be put, usually find delight Helen R. Gleason, Grace I. Grimes, Edith A. Hall, in sharing their treasures with others. Many, too, Caroline W. Hegner, Hulda Hollstein, Carrie Jones, are attracted to the school-room by a genuine love Matilda Kellogg, Agnes Lonergan, Alice J. McCor- of children. To most of us, I take it, teaching is mac, Julia Meyer, Charles H. Moyer, Ella Janet more than an occupation ; it is a veritable calling ; Murray, Bessie Oshinsky, Elizabeth K. Parker, there has been something of a spiritual summons ; Jessie E. Richardson, Annette Wieser, M. Ella an ideal of bettering the world through the minis- Yohn. trations of the school, an ideal whose urgency has CERTIFICATES AS TEACHERS IN KINDERGARTENS . brought us to the teacher's desk. Along with these Effie J. Cohen, Mary Edna Glendon, Emily inducements has been the salary, which we have Madeline Lawton, Marie E. Munson, Julia Grace valued nearly as much as a mark for the public Thompson . respect accorded us as for the material comforts CERTIFICATES AS TEACHERS OF THE DEAF . that it commands . Nora B. Knisely, Philomena Magan, Ruchiel Now as compared with other occupations it seems Antoinette Merrieless, Anna Stopps Taylor. to me that the moral or spiritual inducements to be- CERTIFICATES AS TEACHERS OF HIGH SCHOOLS . come a teacher are as potent as ever. But the ques- Anna Anderson, Lillian L. Smith, Bertha I. Vin- tion of salary is becoming in every sphere of activ- cent. ity a larger consideration than it has been in the CERTIFICATES AS TEACHERS OF MANUAL TRAIN- ING- HIGH SCHOOL. past. In spite of all the moralists may say in praise of Dennis W. Kelley, John Sherman McChesney, the simple life, teachers know that to retain a due Harry Andrew Rea, Charles E. Riddell, John A. measure of respect in the eyes of the public, if not Toomey. CERTIFICATES AS PRINCIPALS OF ELEMENTARY in their own, they must in dress, in style of living, SCHOOLS. pay some regard to the prevailing standards. The Abigail Hunt, Martin E. Hurney, Thomas M. teacher, therefore, is not to be upbraided because he Jamieson, Thomas C. Johnson, Amos P. Spencer, sometimes turns from his work to consider the Louise K. Stone, Jaroslaw Zmrhal. question of pay. CERTIFCATES AS FAMILY OFFICERS IN THE PA- Teachers' salaries in Illinois as a whole have un- RENTAL SCHOOL. doubtely risen . William H. Funk . The average for men was $48.19 in 1874; $49.00 CERTIFICATES AS TEACHERS OF MENTARY) . SEWING (ELE- in 1884 ; $58.96 in 1894, and is now $67.33 . Ada B. Johnson, Bertha Loeffler, Florence H. Women's average monthly wages have risen from Rutherford. $33.46 in 1874 to $49.35 in 1884, and $57.95 in CERTIFICATE AS TEACHER OF SEWING (HIGH 1904. SCHOOL- This is for the entire state. The increase, how- Elizabeth II. Fullenwider. ever, has been mainly in Cook county, employing AWARD CERTIFICATE AS TEACHER OF COOKING IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS TO MARY C. SCRIBNER. one-fourth of the teachers, and in a few large cities outside. In thirty-six counties, the average month- That Mary C. Scribner, who passed the examina- ly wages of men are lower than thirty years ago. In tion held on June 26 and 27, 1905, for teachers of eighteen, women are paid less. There are still six- cooking in the elementary schools and who has ty-one counties in which the average salary of since passed the physical examination required by women teachers is less than $40 per month. Four the rules, be awarded a certificate as teacher of in which it is less than $30. In ten, men are paid cooking in the elementary schools . AWARD ELEMENTARY TEACHER'S CERTIFICATE an average salary of less than $40 per month . ΤΟ ΚΑΤHERINE JACOBSON . These low salaries prevail in the southern third That Katherine Jacobson, who was successful in of the state. And where the monthly salaries are the academic examinations of December 30 and 31 , lowest usually the school year is shortest, averag- 1904, for certificates as teachers in the elementary ing only 6.2 months in the eleven counties further schools, and who has since passed the physical ex- south. Furthermore, the teacher with the small- amination required under the rules of the Board of est monthly salary and shortest term has the most Education, be awarded a certificate as teacher in pupils to teach. In one of the best cities in that the elementary schools . section the attendance averages seventy pupils to (Continued on page 6. ) 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION than $ 1,000,000 to the cause of education, while Dr. DeBey has been associated with the schools as BULLETIN an instructor in the normal school and later as a Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, champion of the most advanced pedagogical ideas . Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, HARMONY IS GOOD . December 23, 1901. The committee will seek to bring harmony into THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of every part of the school system. It will co-operate April and December, by the Chicago Teachers ' Federation. with Superintendent Cooley in his plans, and will THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single indorse the work he has so far done for the public copies , Five Cents. ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received schools . by Tuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to The principles on which the trustees seem to be the order of the Federation Bulletin. united so far are as follows : MARGARET A. HALEY, Editor, No half-day sessions. A seat for every pupil in 814-816 Unity Building, CHICAGO the elementary grades . Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. More teachers in the lower grades. At present there are one-third more teachers in the high schools than in the elementary in proportion to the SEE PEACE IN SCHOOLS . number of pupils. Classroom results, experience and aptitude for OFFICIALS AND TEACHERS PIN FAITH TO NEW work to be made the basis for promotions . REGIME NOW IN SADDLE . Restoration of the old salary schedules.- Reorganization of the Parental School in such a Jane Addams Will Help-Her Appointment to Im- manner that the superintendent will be free from portant Post Expected to End the Strained the responsibilities of business management and Relations. may give his attention to the instruction of the in- corrigible truants . Satisfaction pervaded pedagogical circles yester- Expansion of the child-study department . day over the reorganization of the board of educa- Reorganization of the Normal School with a view tion, officials and teachers alike professing faith that to making it a training center for teachers from all an "era of peace" has dawned with the advent of parts of the country. the new regime. President Tilden's appointments Miss Addams and the new members refused yes- to the school management committee formed the terday to discuss the problems that confront the new committee and the remedies that will be ap- chief topic of interest, the strong representation plied. It is a matter of general knowledge at the given the new element being taken as an omen of boardrooms , however, that the entire board of edu- changes . There will be no seismic disturbances, however . cation is unanimous in the belief that the reorgani- The new committee will not formulate a definite zation of the Normal School is the most immediate policy for several months to come, and when the of the questions with which the school management policy has been elaborated it will be put into effect will have to deal.-Chicago Record-Herald, Sept. quietly and gradually in order that the classroom 1 , 1905 ( News Column) . forces will not be shaken up too rudely. The se- HARMONY AND PROGRESS IN OUR SCHOOLS . lection of Miss Jane Addams of Hull House as chairman of the most important committee of the When Miss Jane Addams, Mrs. Blaine and Dr. board, the body that determines the principles on De Bey were appointed school trustees The Record- which the schools shall be run, brought favorable Herald remarked that any board of education would comment from trustees and teachers . Members of be strengthened and honored by the accession of the board declared that the appointment would put such public-spirited, capable and enlightened wom- an end to the bickerings and misunderstandings en. There is further cause for satisfaction and between the teachers and the board. thankfulness in the developments that have taken FEDERATION SEES GOOD . place since those appointments were made. Members of the Teachers ' Federation asserted The election of Mr. Tilden as president of the that it would not only put a stop to contention, but board was a victory for stability, harmony and com- it would eventually enable a development that will mon sense, and the committee appointments an- place the Chicago public schools on a higher plane. nounced by him the other night spell concord and During the fifteen years Miss Addams has been progress. The manner in which the important head of Hull House she has become internationally business of the first "annual meeting" of the new famous. In a quiet way the settlement has been board was disposed of is a gratifying indication. conducting classes in which more than 7,000 men, There is evidently to be co-operation and earnest at- women and children are enrolled. The best edu- tention to the needs of the system in place of fric- cators have been obtained and the most advanced tion, cross purposes and confusion. educational principles have been put into force. A remarkable event in the history of the Chicago Few persons in Chicago are aware of this class- public school system is the appointment of Miss room work of the settlement, but it is noted the Addams to the very responsible and high position world over among students of sociology. of chairman of the school management committee. As chairman of the school management commit- Remarkable , we mean, from the standpoint of the tee Miss Addams will have as aides Dr. Cornelia student of the advance of women in modern soci- B. DeBey and Mrs. Emmons Blaine, both of whom ety, but altogether natural and appropriate from a for years have taken a prominent part in educa- personal point of view. Miss Addams has dis- tional affairs. Mrs. Blaine has contributed more played administrative and executive abilities of a CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 5 high order, the admirable management of Hull HOW NORWAY VOTED “ YES” FOR DISUNION House, with its numberless educational and uplift- WITH SWEDEN . ing activities, having excited admiration among all Letter from Margaret A. Haley . those that are familiar with the splendid institution. To convictions and the courage of them she joins I have just come from the polling places where tact, practical sagacity and tolerance. the voters of Christiania have been voting on the question of ratifying the action of the Norwegian It will be recalled that Justice Brewer in an in- Storthing. It has been intensely interesting. I in- terview on the future of women in the political and close a ticket of the kind used. There was no of- social spheres paid a warm tribute to Miss Addams ficial ticket, but each voter was obliged to furnish and " nominated" her for Mayor of Chicago. We his own before going in to vote, and the election cannot make Miss Addams mayor in the present officials gave each voter an official envelope in state of the law of Illinois, but the people of the which he placed his ballot first retiring to a booth city can congratulate the school board and them- as we do. selves on her appointment to a public position hard- Outside, for blocks , men were standing with lit- ly less useful and distinguished, and this they are tle boxes containing these ballots, which were given undoubtedly doing in their hearts.-Chicago Rec- the voters as they passed by. I asked for one and Herald, Sept. 1 , 1905 ( Editorial) . got it at each polling place I visited. Over each distributer's hat was a piece of paper like an old- MRS . ELLA FLAGG YOUNG . fashioned dunce-cap-only not sharp at the top- cylinder-shaped-on which was written “JA”,— Mrs. Young succeeds Arnold Tompkins as prin- " YES"-in large letters. In smaller letters were cipal of the Chicago normal school at a salary of the words, "Vielsker dette lander" ( We love this $5,000. This is due primarily to the presence of land) . Nowhere was any one to be seen with bal- Mrs. Emmons Blaine, Jane Addams and Dr. Cor- lots marked “ NEI,” or “ NO .” nelia De Bey on the board of education. It is proof FLY NORWEGIAN FLAG . positive that Mr. Cooley is to accept the situation, We have just come home. It is nearly 4 o'clock and is to work in entire harmony with them here- and the diningroom in the hotel is so crowded we after. This is a glorious outcome of the conditions . cannot get dinner for at least half an hour. I am There will be peace at the normal school hereafter, in the writing room, facing the street, and at just and there will be peace between the superintendent this moment a street car is passing, decorated elab- and the board of education. * orately with flowers its entire length . * * The trolley pole is entirely covered with green Mr. Cooley was eminently wise to accept the sit- and everywhere that a Norwegian flag could be stuck there is one. The stores are decorated with uation, and he has done it ardently. the national colors, red, white and blue ; from the Mrs. Young began her professional career as a royal palace floats the Norwegian flag-the Swed- primary teacher in the Scammon school. Her emi- ish color is no longer in it. nent fitness led Superintendent George Howland to Men, women and children wear the long stream- appoint her as principal more than twenty years ers of red, white and blue, but, except for the elab- ago. It was eighteen years ago that he took me orate display of colors and crowds, crowds every- personally to visit her school because, as he said, where you go, there is no demonstration in the "She is one of the best principals in the city." An fashion in which we make ours . incident in her school at that time so impressed me VOTERS ARE INTELLIGENT . that I have told of it hundreds of times on the plat- form. There is no shouting, no discussion, but, after watching the voters for two hours at voting places Mr. Howland selected her as his first woman in different parts of the city, I am struck with the assistant, and she was the most distinguished of all silent intelligence of the voters. Every one seems the assistants until in the days of Supt. E. to know his mind. No one tries to find out how an- Benjamin Andrews, six years ago, she peremptorily other voted or to persuade him. Those who know resigned because her individuality and initiative the situation best say the people are unanimously were interfered with . She was at once offered a in favor of "Ja.” position on the faculty of Chicago University. Later-It has taken us so long to get dinner that When John Dewey left a year ago she withdrew I can stop only to tell you a little more, for we go from active work in the university, and has spent soon to see the national play. "Josalefer," at the the year in travel and study. theater, which opens to-night for the first time At the Boston meeting of the N. E. A., Mrs. this season. Young made one of the notable addresses of the FAMILIES AT POLLS . week at the meeting of the National Federation of Well, voting began at 8 o'clock this morning, Teachers in Chickering hall. then ceased at 10 o'clock for two hours, to give peo- Her scholarship, administrative ability, sympathy ple a chance to go to church, and will close at 9 with grade teachers, professional ideals, personal o'clock to-night . initiative, and independence mark her as a leader of It was intensely interesting to watch the men rare power. Mrs. Young has never sought a posi- coming to the polling places, all of them, almost tion or promotion in her whole career. She now without exception, accompanied by ladies-their has as responsible a professional position as has wives, mothers, sisters and others' sisters. Whole ever been occupied by an American woman . The families turned out in holiday garb. honor and responsibility are equally great, and her. The first voting place was in the military gymna- future will be watched with keen interest.- Journal sium which stands on the corner of a great public of Education Aug. 31, 1905. square, once the courtyard of a castle. From the 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. (Continued from page 3. ) stand in the square a military band played the na- AWARD HIGH SCHOOL TEACHER'S CERTIFICATE tional airs and the crowd stood in groups about. TO BLANCHE M. BUTLER. Whole families went up to the polling place, which That Blanche M. Butler, who was successful in was quite commodious, and there the man left them the academic examinations of June 27 and 28, while he went in to vote. In a few minutes he was 1904, for certificates as teachers in the Chicago out again and they all moved off toward the music. high schools , has since passed the physical exam- DISPLAY OF DEMOCRACY . ination required under the rules of the Board of All the wealthy people who have been out of Education , and recommends that she be awarded a town at their summer places have returned to vote. certificate to teach in the Chicago high schools. But let me tell you a more practical illustration I ELECT MARGARET N. RYAN HEAD ASSISTANT OF PRESCOTT SCHOOL. saw of Norwegian democracy. Two university pro- fessors came in to the polling place and, haughtily That there is a vacancy in the position of head passing the line, walked up to the clerks, but were assistant at the Prescott school, and that Margaret promptly told by the soldier in charge to return to N. Ryan, now a teacher in that school, be elected the end of the line. Soon afterward an old man to the position of head assistant. PLACE NAMES OF GEORGE J. KURZENKNABE AND wearing a Salvation Army badge came in and start- FRED W. BUCHHOLZ ON LIST OF TEACHERS ed to take his place in the line when a man escorted RE -ELECTED LAST JUNE . him to the front and the guard let him vote at once. That the names of the following persons were ac- I must not forget to tell you that this is the first cidentally omitted from the list of persons recom- time in the history of Norway that a question has mended for re-election at the meeting of the Board been submitted to the whole people. of Education held June 21, 1905 ; and recommends I saw the voting place in the working class dis- that the names be added to the list: George J. trict. It was in the gymnasium of a public school Kurzenknabe, Parental school ; Fred W. Buchholz, house. The ballot box was draped in the national Normal school. colors and the room decorated profusely with flow- TEACHERS PLACED ON LIST FOR APPOINTMENT . ers and the national colors . There was the same silence but also the same evidence of intense interest That the following named former teachers who hold valid certificates be placed on the list for ap- as prevailed elsewhere. A band was discoursing pointment in accordance with the rules : Minnie martial music in the park near by. The women Carr Sellar, Grace Willett Dillon, Anna M. Kel- and children were all out with the men. ley, Franklin Raber, Edna C. Swiney, Anna Smith WANT WOMEN'S VOTE . Fischer, Carrie M. Olson, Elizabeth Hally McLeod, The people, that is, the men, are sorry the wom- Virginia B. Benson. en cannot vote on this question and so make the RESIGNATIONS OF TEACHERS RECEIVED AND AC- vote larger. The women now vote for all officers CEPTED . except members of parliament . The Superintendent of Schools respectfully re- 10:30 P. M.-We have just come from the thea- ports that he has received and accepted the resigna- ter. It was a scene never to be forgotten. All the tions of the following named teachers : national pride had been aroused by the play, which Resignations . is a glorious one, but I shall never forget the scene HIGH SCHOOLS. at the close. Ida N. Darling, Wendell Phillips ; Edward E. As the curtain went down the people rose and Darrow, Wendell Phillips ; James M. Elliott, Wal- sang the national hymn, the orchestra playing. Then ler ; Hattie C. Hartman, Marshall; George A. Mul- Bjornson, the son of the author of the play, arose finger, Wendell Phillips ; Clara von Otterstedt Reht- and from his box announced that the latest returns meyer, Lake View ; Winifred Snow, South Chicago. from the vote was 64,360 for "ja" and 33 for "nei." ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS . GREAT DEMONSTRATION . Elizabeth ( Mau) Archer, Greene ; Wm. B. Bak- The house rose in one long shout. Women cried er, Parental ; Minnie B. Baker, Parental ; Minnie J. and so did men. The long silence of the day was Barthel, Hamilton (Prin. ) ; Clara Mason Brown , broken, the pent up torrent let loose. Outside the Healy ; Alice Costello Bruce, Beidler ; Alice E. Bur- people are assembled by the thousands in front of gess , Harvard ; Catherine A. Byrne, Mark Sheri- the parliament building where the returns are being dan; Alma C. Clarke, Hammond ; Jennie (Rue) reported. Colby, Lloyd ; Beth Connor, Blaine ; Margaret I. This has been a glorious trip. But I like Norway ( Clowry) Corrigan, Coonley ; Frances J. Edwards, better than Denmark. It is much more like Ameri- Gresham ; Joanna N. ( Nash) Flatley, Manierre ; ca. They eat and drink all the time in Denmark, Nellie A. Gray, Yale ; Mary E. (Kehoe) Hendley, turning night into day and day into one continuous Kinzie ; Harriet A. Holland, Chase ; Lillie E. meal. But it is interesting. Monarchy is being ab- Kelly, Seward ; M. Mabel Kempe, Lowell ; Helen sorbed in Denmark. It is not being overthrown. C. Kennedy, Brown ; Effie (Smallen) Kimball, Christiania, Aug. 13, 1905. Schneider ; Clara C. King, Wadsworth ; Jessie Lewis , Agassiz ; Olivia L. Litchfield, Lowell ; Kath- CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION . ryn L. Long , Mulligan ; M. Agnes Long, Manual The regular meeting of the Chicago Teachers' Training; Lena R. Lovell, Bass; Lizzie (Veatch ) Federation will be held at 412 Masonic Temple, MacGregor, Gresham ; Celia Manley, Plamondon ; Clara W. Murphy, LaFayette ; Selma Nachman , September 16, 1905, at 10:30 a. m. Sherman ; Helena A. O'Connell, Holden : Winifred Admission by membership card only. J. Oyen, Stowe- Lowell ( Kgtn.) ; Lulu M. Perkins , The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teachers ' Montefiore ; Elsie Kirstine Poulsen, Federation will meet Tuesday, September 19, 1905, LaFayette ; at 4:30 p. m., in Room 814, Unity Bldg. Mabel ( Hallock) Pugh, Pickard ( Kgtn. ) ; Alice T. FLORENCE E. TENNERRY, Ready, Marsh ; Katherine ( Yirsa) Reynolds, Cor. Secretary . Burns ; Addie A. ( O'Brien) Ross, Bancroft CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 7 (Kgtn. ) ; Mary C. (Dohney) Ryan, Dewey ; Ethel Employes. M. Shader, Bryant ; Elizabeth E. Short, Monte- ASSIGNMENTS , SEPARATIONS , ETC. fiore ; Mary Raymond Spring, Marquette : Mattie ASSIGNMENTS . M. ( Welch) Tarbox, Burns ; Carrie Thomas, Drummond; Flora M. ( Butler) Towner, Frank Adamczyk, fireman, Chicago Normal Beale; Elizabeth ( Vanderpoel) Van Dorn, Burns ; School ; Patrick Frost, office boy, Architect's De- Eugenia Winchell, Brentano ; Sarah E. Woodcock, partment ; Henry Christiansen, office boy, Super- Bowmanville. intendent's Department. AUTHORITY TO MAKE NO REDUCTION FOR RELIG- TEMPORARY ASSIGNMENTS . IOUS HOLIDAY . Thomas Connors, substitute assistant engineer, That Monday, October 9, 1905, is a Jewish sacred Chicago Normal School ; George Reinke, substi- holiday, and that, following the usual custom of the tute fireman, Chicago Normal School ; Edward board, no deductions be made from the salaries of Durkin, substitute engineer, John Worthy School ; teachers absent on this day for the observance of George H. Lane, stenographer, Supply Department ; this religious holiday. William T. Howley, stenographer, Architect's De- OPEN EVENING SCHOOLS . partment ; Lela B. Hyndman, stenographer, Pa- The Superintendent of Schools respectfully rec- rental School ; George J. Thompson, business ommends that the following evening schools be agent, Chicago Parental School. opened on October 16, 1905 , and continue for a SEPARATIONS. term of eight weeks, closing on December 8, 1905, with the principals named : Edward Durkin, substitute engineer, John DEVENING HIGH SCHOOLS . Worthy School Building . LEAVES OF ABSENCE. Crane, Albert R. Robinson ; Englewood, James E. Armstrong; Medill, Edward C. Rosseter ; North- Joseph Benton, office boy, Architect's Depart- west Division, Franklin P. Fisk ; Phillips, Spencer ment; Nellie Corcoran, bath room attendant, Hen- R. Smith ; Pullman, Daniel R. Martin ; South Chi- dricks School. REINSTATEMENTS. cago, Charles I. Parker ; South Division, William J. Bogan; Waller, Oliver S. Westcott. Jerry Hagerty, clerk, Supply Department ; Ar- ELEMENTARY EVENING SCHOOLS . thur McCracken, assistant engineer, R. T. Crane Burley, Cephas H. Leach ; Burr, Frank L. Morse ; M. T. High School ; John Kelly, fireman, R. T. Chase, A. Esther Butts ; Crane, Albert R. Robinson ; Crane M. T. High School ; Owen McInerney, fire- Dante, William J. Black; Englewood, James E. man , R. T. Crane M. T. High School ; James P. Armstrong ; Fallon, James E. McDade ; Foster, Jennings, assistant engineer, Englewood High Mary B. Catelain; Franklin, Mary Boughan ; Froe- School. bel, William J. Bartholf ; Garfield, Hiram B. RESIGNATIONS. Loomis ; Hamline, William H. Campbell ; Harrison, George Broll, office boy, Superintendent's De- William C. Payne ; Jirka, Francis M. McKay ; partment. Jones, Cora Caverno ; McAllister, Helen J. Walsh ; DISCHARGED. Medill, Edward C. Rosseter ; Northwest Division, Wilfred J. Bowman, stenographer, Supply De- Franklin P. Fisk; Phillips, Spencer R. Smith ; Pull- partment . man, Daniel R. Martin ; Scammon, William R. Hornbaker ; South Chicago, Charles I. Parker ; A PROTEST . South Division, William J. Bogan ; Waller, Oliver S. Westcott ; Walsh, Samuel B. Allison ; Washing- To sin by silence, when we should protest, ton, Peter A. Mortenson ; Wells, John H. Loomis . Makes cowards out of men. The human rack The Superintendent further recommends that he Has climbed on protest. Had no voice been raised be given authority to assign evening school teachers Against injustice, ignorance and lust, from the list of persons holding valid certificates to The inquisition yet would serve the law, teach in the day schools of Chicago, the assign- And guillotines decide our least disputes. ments to be reported to the Board of Education at The few who dare must speak and speak again the next meeting after they are made ; and that To right the wrongs of many. Speech, thank God, he be given authority to remove at once any teacher No vested power in this day and land who is reported for dismissal by the principal of a Can gag or throttle. Press and voice may cry school and whose removal appears to the Superin- Loud disapproval of existing ills : tendent to be for the interests of the service, also May criticize oppression and condemn that the regulations adopted October 1, 1902, with The lawlessness of wealth-protecting laws regard to schedule of salaries, membership of That let the children and childbearers toil classes, and subjects taught be re-adopted. To purchase ease for idle millionaires. The Superintendent further recommends that the Therefore I protest against the boast evening schools named in the above list be opened Of independence in this mighty land. for the registration of pupils on Thursday and Fri- Call no chain strong which holds one rusty link. day evenings, October 12 and 13, 1905, and that the Call no land free that holds one fettered slave. principals and such teachers as the Superintendent Until the manacled slim wrists of babes of Schools shall think necessary be present on these Are loosed to toss in childish sport and glee. evenings, with pay, for the enrollment of pupils . Until the mother bears no burden, save The Superintendent further recommends that no The precious one beneath the heart, until teacher be assigned to the evening school in the God's soil is rescued from the clutch of greed, Newsboys ' Home, as he is of the opinion that it is And given back to labor, let no man unwise to supply teachers to schools located in pri- Call this the land of freedom. vate institutions . -Ella Wheeler Wilcox. 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. Bureau of Democracy Industrial Information and Social Ethics A Place Where You Can Find Out What You Want to Know. Information department - Industrial By JANE ADDAMS news supplied to students , writers , ministers and teachers. Articles, reports, statistics and Head of "Hull House," Chi- reference work . cago; joint author of "Philan- Club department-Research work, bibli- thropy and Social Progress." ographies on current topics. Subjects and quotations looked up . Outlines for papers made. Miss Addams' Settlement Work is known to all who are interested in social amelioration and A weekly list of articles on education , classi- municipal conditions. As the title of her book fied under topics of service to the teacher and shows, it will be occupied with the reciprocal the educational student. relations of ethical progress and the growth of Address , democratic thought, sentiment and institutions. Bureau of Industrial Information $ 1.25 NET. 815 Unity Bldg. Chicago, III. EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATIONS ABC Professional Advancement Course OSSIAN H. LANG, Editor Book of Birds Educational Foundations occupies a unique place For Children, Large or Small among professional periodicals. Aiming to be neither a newspaper nor a journal of methods and devices, nor a ...BY... mere review of education, it has for fifteen years stead- 1 fastly adhered to its original plan of supplying broad, Mary Catherine Judd thoro, progressive, carefully planned courses of reading for teachers who are striving for solid and permanent With nonsense rhymes for little ones and success in their chosen life-work. In addition to the prosy sense for older ones. 26 colored most helpful surveys of the various departments of plates . Price, $1.00. pedagogy, this magazine supplies intensely interesting and profitable general culture courses. One superintendent writes : " Your magazine has opened Miss Judd, in this, has prepared a book my eyes to the larger aspects of education, and my teach- ers and their pupils have been made the happier by my that will be a delight to every child and will awakening. " be intensely interesting to every adult lover of A former country teacher writes : " I had lost courage and intended to take up the study of law, when your magazine birds. Every letter of the alphabet is illus- came to me and taught me that great work can be done in education. I studied faithfully the contents of every issue trated by a beautiful colored picture of a bird, and passed, with high standing, a principal's examination, whose name begins with that initial. A fun- My present place pays double the salary I had a year ago ." provoking rhyme given with each picture for Only $1.25 a Year the children; a short prose description makes them interesting to the adult. Miss Judd, SPECIAL RATES WILL BE MADE TO READING CLUBS principal of one of the public schools in Min- USING TEN OR MORE COPIES. A circular giving sugges- neapolis, is already well known as author of tions for the organization and conduct of such clubs both in city and country and outlines of ten courses with valu- "Classic Myths" and " Wigwam Stories." able pedagogical books will be sent on application. Address UNITED EDUCATIONAL CO . A. W. MUMFORD , Publisher 61 East Ninth Street, New York 203 Michigan Avenue, CHICAGO : Chicago Teachers' Federation : Bulletin Vol . IV. CHICAGO , SEPTEMBER 22, 1905 . No. 32. THE CHILDREN OF IMMIGRANTS IN THE is liked and respected by the children. So an official PUBLIC SCHOOLS . despot should behave; it feels right to the children of Russia and Poland, and they respond. Thus the teacher in our East Side school fosters, often all un- By Hortense M. Orcutt. consciously, those tendencies that are native to the children with whom she is dealing, but foreign to (Reprinted from the "Outlook," Sept. 9.) the ideals of the country in which they are to grow up . "And these children, when they are grown, are to At election time one hears the "better element" take their places in the Commonwealth ; these are citizens of the United States in the making." It is bemoan the power of unscrupulous politicians to a reflection that comes again and again with ever- "whip the people into line." But do we stop to increasing force as year after year one faces a class- consider that, in the main, our public schools are room of East Side children without a name among helping to make it possible for them to do this by them that suggests American ancestry or American eight or nine years of training in "whipping into line ?" We deal with masses because the masses traditions . Eastern Europe, with all it means of ideas foreign and inimical to democracy, confronts present themselves and organize at our command, us. One meets with these ideas at every turn. A because it is easier to deal with masses than with mother enters the kindergarten with a toddling individuals, and too often, alas ! because, given the three-year-old clinging to her skirts, and asks that class of children that the East Side offers, and given the child be taken into school. You explain care- them in such numbers, it is impossible to do any- fully that children under four years old are not per- thing else. mitted to enter public kindergartens. "But you take The evils of the situation are so apparent as to her in. I give you a fine present." And at the make any elaboration of them seem almost puerile ; emphatic shake of your head, " How much you want but the definite illustrations of the evil are always -five dollars ? " It is Eastern Europe's idea of a as interesting as they are deplorable. Take one of public official-a person to be bribed. The ques- the evils that is first apparent ; namely, the tendency tion to the mother is merely one of being able to of this system of mass discipline to crush or mar make the bribe. large enough, and when she goes the best ability, the finest material in the class. But to illustrate : away the refusal has not made her understand. But the child must understand some day, or where shall One morning the writer was crossing the "boys' we be? yard" at an hour when the children were all sup- It is not, however, this obvious clash of ideas that posed to be in their class-rooms, and she came upon is to the thoughtful teacher the most disturbing a small Italian boy who had been recently pro- aspect of the situation. It is those subtle, uncon- moted from the kindergarten to the I A. scious, inherited tendencies that sometimes seem to "Good morning, Leonardo ! Oughtn't you to be baffle our best efforts in the attempt to train toward in your class-room ?" American ideals. The safety of the American state "Yes," said Leonardo. lies in the intelligence, the integrity, the independ- "Well, run on." ence, of the individual citizen. Two things are com- " I'm not going back there." paratively easy to get with any group of East Side "And why not ?" children-a mob or military discipline. Neither is " I hate it." educative in our American sense. Neither condition "Why do you hate it, Leonardo ? " offers opportunity for the growth of intelligence, in- "Can't do anything ; the teacher kills everybody," tegrity, independence. To many a young teacher and his dark Italian eyes had a look in them not confronting for the first time a primary class of good to see in eyes of any age or any nationality. from forty-five to sixty-five children, it seems nec- Now let us give Leonardo's kindergarten record. essary to have order at any cost, and she has mili- that we may understand why we account him good tary order before she quite knows what has hap- material. Up to the time of his arrival we had never pened. She had a mob. Now she has obedient had any child come into this particular kindergarten children that will line up at the first signal-heads and use it. The children, without exception, had behind heads and eyes in front, in a manner ap- had to be taught to use it. Leonardo arrived. He palling to the thoughtful lover of children or the saw a sand tray and a shovel, and without more ado institutions of our American Commonwealth. She he fell to work. He saw blackboard and chalk tools is praised for her control and her discipline, and she to his hand, balls made for his play, and all this 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. without invitation on the part of the teacher and they represent; she has rather every reason to de- without effrontery on the part of Leonardo. When plore its multiplication. he needed the teacher to help him out, he used her What is to be done about the matter? First and too. Of course he needed suggestion and direction, foremost, there must be fewer children for one and this was always accepted in a sweet spirit- teacher. Or, since the number of children on the even an eager spirit. From the first he used the East Side is never less, but always more, there kindergarten as a man might use his club, and he must be more teachers, a great many more teachers. was not particular about arriving on the hour. Classes must be divided, and even subdivided, that Tardiness, of course, could not be permitted. After work may be done in groups small enough to allow telling him a number of times that he must come for individual attention and the consequent freedom at a given hour and punishing him when he came from militarism . late, it occurred to the kindergartner that this meth- I know all the objections we have to face; the od was not accomplishing the desired end. Then hue and cry of economy, meaning always economy she remembered that Leonardo was an intelligent of money, and never for a minute the economy of being, so the next time he came late she said to human intellect and human character that in the end him: "Leonardo, do you know that you miss a serve the state more profitably than any fiscal good deal every time that you are late ?" scheme, however shrewd and far-reaching. We "What do I miss ?" have to face the question of finding suitable housing "Well, to-day you missed a new song about a quarters in which this business of education may galloping horse, and a very good story about a little go on ; and in the crowded districts of this great boy who went to seek his fortune." "Tell it to me now." city it is a question that presents a very real diffi- culty, one that will take, not alone great sums of "No, now it is too late, but if you come in time money, but a considerable length of time for the to-morrow you will hear it." tearing down of old buildings and the rearing of He came ; and for a month no more tardiness . new school-houses. Then there came a day when Leonardo dropped in an hour and ahalf late. But in the meantime the great cry is to have a "Leonardo ! what is the matter ?" seat for every child of school age, with very little regard for what sort of educational feast he is in- "My baby was lost." Perfect assurance ; any vited to sit down to. In too many cases it is a feast reasonable being would see that the importance that gives him not plain intellectual indigestion, but of hunting a lost baby was greater than of arriving rather intellectual and moral anæmia. It is an open at kindergarten on the hour. educational question whether he would not be better "Is she found ?" (humbly.) off on the street. The street, with all its evils, still "Sure !" and Leonardo fell to work . is on the whole a quickening and not a stultifying Leonardo was in the kindergarten a year, and it environment; it is a place where a child may have was a year of steady growth. He worked hard a certain range of individual freedom, where he is and he played hard. He always had ideas, and he bound to get many experiences, most of them ac- found the medium for their expression at hand ; tively educative; and if some of them are bad, many his English steadily improved; his spirit was always of them are good. The alternative presented is a sweet; he was at home in a good world. It is need- crowded class-room with an atmosphere of repres- less to say that he was a leader among the children, sion and drill. * though he had a great respect for other people's * * * * * * * rights ; there was uncommonly little of the boss This matter of semi-annual promotion, which has in his attitude. In short he was the sort of small boy for whom we prophesy a future ; and here he just now come into our theme incidentally, has was, at the age of six, rebellious, defiant, already really a direct bearing upon a problem of more a little embittered. The rest of the boys in his than a little importance. Particularly with the little class were "whipping into line." Leonardo's grow- children, it is very disastrous to change teachers ing being repudiated militarism. Where did the every six months, almost as disastrous as it would trouble lie! The least of it with the teacher, though be to change mothers. If the children must be pro- we have seen a teacher with sixty small children moted in February and June, let the teachers be maintain a free republic and conditions of individ- promoted too. In some instances this has been ual education, but we accounted it genius, as in- done, and with very gratifying results. It is only deed it is, and that too of the rarest kind. To the through close and intimate knowledge of the par- ticular children with whom she has to deal that the average good teacher such a feat is impossible ; militarism is her only resource. teacher can render the best educational service ; and even a full school year from September to July is all The second type of child that suffers greatly is too short a time for the child to get the full benefit the child of a shy and sensitive nature. In the large of the personality of his teacher and the force of number he is almost entirely lost sight of; he gives that teacher's method. For children under twelve no trouble, and it is easy to forget his existence. All the defects of this child's nature are being empha- years of age two years with one teacher would do sized by the training he is getting ; he grows more much toward abolishing that tendency to deal with shy, often secretive ; he is shrinking, and easily im- a class only in the mass, and would help to bring posed upon. about those social conditions favorable to the growth of individual development The objection will be It is obvious that the very dull child suffers as offered that this plan is desirable only when the well as the unusually bright child. Who, then, teacher is of commanding personality; and for no thrives ? Those children who would have made the district in the city is it so important that teachers best soldiers to the Czar, had they remained across the sea. But America has little use for the type be chosen with these qualities in mind as for the East Side schools. Children in the better sections CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 3 of the town have home and church influences, IMMIGRATION: A FIELD NEGLECTED BY THE friends and acquaintances native to this country SCHOLAR. while on the East Side the teacher is too often the one being who interprets to the children the ideals and the spirit of American life. Convocalion Address at the University of Chicago. When we get in our East Side public schools small classes of boys and girls taught by men and women of culture and fine personality ; men and By Jane Addams, LL. D. women who wish to avoid militarism in the class- rooms as much for their own sakes as for the chil- (Reprinted by permission from "The Commons ." ) dren's, to avoid it because the joy-giving art of It is, perhaps, well to rid myself at once of some their work lies in the development of character, and of the implications of this rather overwhelming is killed by a system which reduces all character to title by stating that it is not the purpose of this short type form-when we get these things, we can know address to enter into a discussion concerning the that we are a long way toward settling those ques- restriction or nonrestriction of immigration, nor tions of municipal corruption and social evils that to attempt to analyze those astounding figures an- are the themes of pulpit and press and that are the nually published from Ellis Island ; neither do I earnest concern of every loyal American. wish to charge the scholar with having neglected In speaking thus frankly of the failure of our to collect information as to the extent and growth public school to meet the educational needs of the of immigration in the United States, nor in failing children of our immigrant population, I would not to furnish statistical material as fully perhaps as be accounted among those persons who refuse to the shifting character of the subject permits. Such recognize the immense difficulties to be met ; neither formal studies as we have on the annual colonies would I be ranked with those who fail to appre- of immigration in American cities, and of the effect ciate the very important advances that have been of immigration in districts similar to the anthracite made in these same schools toward the solution of coal regions, have been furnished by university the very problems that we have endeavored to pre- men; indeed, almost the only accurate study into the sent. Chief among these great gains are the kin- nationalities and locations of the immigrants in dergarten and manual training ; the kindergarten be- Chicago has been made by a member of this uni- cause it offers, not a system of definite instruction, versity. but a mode of life; because it tests its work by the But in confining the subject to a scrutiny of the all-sided development of the children with whom it oft- repeated statement that we as a nation are rapid- deals; because it endeavors, not only to interpret ly reaching the limit of our powers of assimilation, the environment in which the child finds himself, that we receive further masses of immigrants at the but to develop in him proper reactions upon that risk of blurring those traits and characteristics which environment; and, above all, because it aims to de- we are pleased to call American, with its corollary velop his will and his activity in such a way as to that the national standard of living is in danger of make him the fullest measure of a human being that permanent debasement, a certain further demand his possibilities allow. may legitimately be made upon the scholar. I hope Manual training is to be ranked among the im- to be able to sustain the contention that such danger portant advances because its purpose, too, is hu- as exists arises from intellectual dearth and apathy ; man development, the increasing of the power "to that we are testing our national life by a tradition do," and because its methods are both rational and too provincial and limited to meet its present motly purposeful. The work in the shop is especially val- and cosmopolitan character; that we lack mental uable, for it is conducted with comparatively small energy, adequate knowledge, and a sense of the groups of children, and under free conditions ; and youth of the earth. The constant cry that American it aims to develop individuality. institutions are in danger betrays a spiritual waste, The writer was recently greatly impressed by not due to our infidelity to national ideals, but aris- seeing thirty or forty coat-hangers, no two of which ing from the fact that we fail to enlarge those ideals were alike in curve or in span because each boy in accord with our faithful experience of life ; and had made his to the measure of his own shoulders , that our political machinery devised for quite other to fit his own coat. It is a little thing or a tre- conditions, has not been readjusted and adapted to mendous thing, according as one has power to see the successive changes resulting from our industrial its underlying educational values. The work offered development. The clamor for the town meeting, in both the kindergarten and the shop "involves the for the colonial and early-century ideals of govern- culture of hand and eye and of the brain-centers ment is in itself significant, for we know out of our back of hand and eye, which is a large part of or- personal experience that we quote the convictions ganic education. " and achievements of the past as an excuse for our inaction in moments when the current of life runs There is a popular tendency to decry all these phases of " organic education," and even from high low; that one of the dangers of life, one of its veri- places comes the cry of "fads and frills." It is an table moral pits, consists in the temptation to re- old tendency-the tendency of ignorance to deride main constant to a truth when we no longer wholly what it does not understand. The kindergarten and believe it, when its implications are not justified by the special departments have come to stay, because our latest information. If the immigration situation they meet human needs and advance progress ; be- contains the elements of an intellectual crisis, then cause they are educational in the truest sense. But to let the scholar off with the mere collecting of these things, being so good, serve to throw into knowledge, or yet with its transmission, or indeed sharper contrasts those evils which it has been the to call his account closed with that still higher func- purpose of this paper to present. (Continued on page 5.) 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION counting among its members some of the most prominent educators of the day the teachers feel BULLETIN that the interests of children and teachers , always Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, identical interests, will be safeguarded, and a long Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, step taken toward the high ideals they cherish for December 23, 1901. our public schools . THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the A part of the morning was necessarily devoted to year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of April and December, by the Chicago Teachers' Federation. the work of re-organization for the winter's work, THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is Fifty Cents per year. Single the announcement of standing committees, etc. copies, Five Cents. ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received There was a very full discussion of professional by Tuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. questions and some important work outlined for ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to me order of the Federation Bulletin. the year. MARGARET A. HALEY, Editor, 814-816 Unity Building, CHICAGO SCHOOL COUNCILS. Business office hours , 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. In response to requests for information concern- ing the time of meetings of school, district and EDUCATION AND IMMIGRATION . central councils, the time of election of represent- atives and other questions, we print in this issue the The article on Education and Immigration and sections of the By-Laws covering these points . BY- LAWS. the public schools, recently published in the Out- Meetings. look, and Miss Addams' address on immigration, bring so many important points before the public in 5. There shall be six regular meetings of the so unusual and so strong a manner that both are School Councils annually, in the fourth, tenth, six- here reprinted in part. teenth, twenty-second, twenty-eighth and thirty- This failure to meet the conditions caused by un- fourth weeek of the school year. restricted immigration, and the effect of this fail- 6. There shall be six regular meetings of the ure on the schools is seen, first of all, in overcrowd- District and High School Councils annually, in the ing, that greatest of all evils in the development of fifth, eleventh, seventeenth, twenty-third, twenty- the child in regard to its ultimate usefulness as a ninth and thirty-fifth weeks of the school year. citizen of the United States . 7. There shall be six regular meetings of the There is more than a local city question at issue. Central Council annually, in the sixth, twelfth, This problem of the immigrant child is one found eighteenth, twenty-fourth, thirtieth and thirty- sixth equally as pertinent on the western prairie as in the weeks of the school year. eastern city, and the same complaint comes from 8. The day, hour and place of meeting shall be the teacher in both localities, that because of over- determined by the Executive Committee of each council. crowding in the rooms justice is not done the child. The economy which prompts a system to with- 9. Special meetings of any Council may be called hold funds for the erection of school buildings and by the Executive Committee of that Council. for the employment of an adequate number of Special meetings of all Councils may be called teachers and the proper paraphernalia for the indi- by the Executive Committee of the Central Council. Time of Election. vidual development of the child is the most ex- pensive luxury this country may ever be called upon 10. Each Council shall elect all officers and rep- to pay for. resentatives at its first meeting of the school year. It is a far cry from eastern Europe to citizenship CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION . in the United States, fraught as it is with ideals of social and civic democracy and individual respon- The regular meeting of the Chicago Teachers' sibility. As a medium between them stands the Federation will be held at 412 Masonic Temple, public schools, the schools of the people, for the October 14, 1905 ,at 10:30 a. m. people, owned by the people. So far the people Admission by membership card only. have refused the responsibility of the school and The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teachers' they have shirked the facts of immigration because Federation will meet Tuesday, October 3, 1905, they did not like to think what the results to this at 4:30 p. m., in Room 814, Unity Bldg. country would be. FLORENCE E. TENNERRY , Cor. Secretary. It is in the end for the teachers to say what shall be done with the part of the problem coming under their particular observation. It is theirs to say that A Teacher wishes one or two unless they can give the individual child the atten- others, who need ad- tion that child demands, the responsibility for the ditional income, to join her in work which can be failure rests with others the people. done evenings and Saturdays . Women who have taught fifteen or more years preferred. CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION MEETING Χ. Υ. , 814 UNITY BUILDING. SEPTEMBER 16 . There was a large and enthusiastic attendance at the meeting of the Federation, which was held in ΤΟ TEACHERS the Masonic Temple, Saturday, the 16th inst. This LOANS BY A TEACHER was the regular September meeting, the first held At Live and Let Live Low Rates. since the close of the summer vacation, therefore "Now may the Summer of your discontent be the first opportunity the members had had to ex- made glorious Autumn by a crumb of comfort." change congratulations on the encouraging outlook L. A. , Care of Federation Bulletin, 814 Unity Building. for the future. With the Board of Education CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 5 (Continued from page 3.) breaking the law, but we came to this country to tion of research, would be to throw away one of give the young ones a change and we are not going our most valuable assets . to begin by having them do what's not right." In a sense, the enormous and unprecedented Upon some such basis as this the Hebrew Al- moving about over the face of the earth on the liance and the Charity Organization Society of part of all nations, is in itself the result of phil- New York, which are putting forth desperate osophic dogma, of the creed of individual liberty. energy in the enormous task of ministering to the The modern system of industry and commerce pre- suffering which immigration entails, are developing supposes freedom of occupation, of travel, and re- understanding and respect for the alien through sidence ; even more, it unhappily rests in a large their mutual efforts to secure more adequate tene- measure upon the assumption of a body of the un- ment-house regulation, and to control the spread of employed and the unskilled, ready to be absorbed tuberculosis, both of these undertakings being per- or dropped according to the demands of produc- fectly hopeless without the intelligent co-operation tion; but back of that, or certainly preceding its of the immigrants themselves. Through such later developments, lies " the natural right" doctrine humble doors as these perchance the immigrant of the eighteenth century. Even so late as 1892, may enter into his heritage in a new nation. Demo- an official treaty of the United States referred to cratic government has always been the result of the " inalienable right of man to change his resi- spiritual travail and moral effort; apparently even dence and religion. " This dogma of the schoolmen, here the immigrant must pay the cost. dramatized in France and penetrating under a thou- As we fail to begin with his experience in the in- sand forms into the most backward European duction of the adult immigrant into practical citi- states, is still operating as an obscure force in send- zenship, so we assume in our formal attempts to ing emigrants to America, and in our receiving teach patriotism, that experience and traditions them here. But in the second century of its exist- have no value, and that a new sentiment must be ence has become too barren and chilly to induce any put into aliens by some external process. Some really zealous or beneficent activity on behalf of years ago a public-spirited organization engaged a the immigrants after they arrived, and those things number of speakers to go to the various city schools which we do believe-such convictions as we have, in order to instruct the children in the significance and which might be formulated to the immeasurable of Decoration day and to foster patriotism among benefit of the immigrants, and to the everlasting the foreignborn, by descriptions of the civil war. good of our national life-have not yet been appre- In one of the schools filled with Italian children, an hended by the scholar in relation to this field. They old soldier, a veteran in years and experience, gave have furnished us with no method by which to dis- a description of the battle in Tennessee, and his cover men, to spiritualize, to understand, to hold personal adventures in using a pile of brush as an intercourse with aliens and to receive of what they ambuscade and a fortification. Coming from the bring. schoolhouse an eager young Italian broke out with * * * * * * * * characteristic vividness into a description of his It is surprising how a simple experience, if it be father's campaigning under the leadership of Gari- but genuine, affords an opening into citizenship al- baldi, possibly from some obscure notion that that together lacking to the more grandiose attempts . too was a civil war fought from principle, but more A Greek-American who slaughters sheep in a tene- likely because the description of one battle had ment-house yard on the basis of the Homeric tradi- roused in his mind the memory of another such de- tion can be made to see the effect of the improvised scription. The lecturer, whose sympathies hap- shambles on his neighbors' health and the right of pened to be on the other side of the Garibaldian the city to prohibit him, only as he perceives the de- conflict, somewhat sharply told him that he must velopment of city government upon its most modern forget all that, that he was no longer an Italian, but basis. an American. The natural growth of patriotism The enforcement of adequate child-labor laws upon respect for the achievement of one's fathers, offers unending opportunity for better citizenship, the bringing together of the past with the present, founded not upon theory but on action. An Italian the pointing out of the almost world-wide effort at or Bohemian parent who has worked in the fields a higher standard of political freedom which swept from babyhood finds it difficult to understand that over all Europe and America between 1848 and the long and monotonous work in factories in which 1872 could, of course, have no place in the boy's his child engages is much more exhausting than the mind, because it had none in the mind of the in- intermittent outdoor labor required from him; structor, whose patriotism apparently tried to purify that the need for education for his child is a matter itself by the American process * of elimination. * * * * * * * of vital importance to his adopted city, which has enacted definite, well-considered legislation in re- As scholarship in the first half of the nineteenth gard to it. Some of the most enthusiastic support- century saved literature from a futile romanticism ers of child-labor legislation and compulsory-edu- and transformed its entire method by the perception cation laws are those parents who sacrifice old- 1 that "the human is not of necessity the cultivated; world tradition, as well as the much-needed earn- the human is the widespread, the ancient in speech ings of their young children because of loyalty to or in behavior, it is the deep, the emotional, the the laws of their adopted country. Certainly genu- thing much loved by many men, the poetical, the ine sacrifice for the nation's law is a good founda- organic, the vital, in civilization," so I would ask the tion for patriotism, and as this again is not a doc- scholarship of this dawning century to save its trinaire question, women are not debarred, and contemporaries from materialism by revealing to mothers who wash and scrub for the meager sup- us the inhert charm, and resource of the humblest port of their children say sturdily sometimes, "It men. Equipped as it is with the training and the will be a year before he can go to work without "unspecialized cell" of evolutionary science, this 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . ought not to prove an undesirable task. The scholar that development of civilization which curiously has already pointed out to us the sweetness and enough density alone brings and for which even a charm which inhere in primitive domestic customs free system of rural delivery is not an adequate and shows us the curious pivot they make for rel- substitute. Much of the significance and charm igious and tribal beliefs until the simple action of of rural life in South Italy lies in its village com- women grinding millet or corn becomes almost panionship quite as the dreariness of the American overladen with penetrating reminiscence, sweeter farm life inheres in its unnecessary solitude. But than the chant they sing. Something of the same we totally disregard the solution which the old agri- quality may be found among many of the immi- cultural community offers, and our utter lack of grants ; when one stumbles upon an old Italian adaptibility has something to do with the fact that peasant with her distaff against her withered face the South Italian remains in the city where he soon and her pathetic old hands patiently holding the forgets his cunning in regard to silk worms and thread, as has been done by myriads of women since olive trees, but continues his old social habits to the children needed to be clad ; or an old German potter, extent of filling an entire tenement-house with the misshapen by years, but his sensitive hands fairly people from one village. alive with the artist's prerogative of direct creation, We also exhibit all the Anglo-Saxon distrust of one wishes that the scholar might be induced to go any experiment with land tenure or method of tax- man hunting into these curious human groups, ation, although the single tax advocates in our midst called newly arrived immigrants ! Could we take do not fail to tell us daily of the stupidity of the these primitive habits as they are to be found in present arrangement, and it might be well to make American cities every day, and give them their sig- a few experiments upon a historic basis before their nificance and place, they would be a wonderful fac- enthusiasm converts us all. The Slavic village, tor for poesy in cities frankly given over to indus- the mir system of land occupation has been in suc- trialism, and candidly refusing to read poetry which cessful operation for centuries in Russia training has no connection with its aims and activities . As a men within its narrow limits to community admin- McAndrews' hymn may express the frantic rush istration ; and yet when a persecuted sect from Rus- of the industrial river, so these could give us some- sia wishes to find refuge in America and naturally thing of the mysticism and charm of the industrial 7,000 people cannot give up all at once even if it springs, a suggestion of source, a touch of the re- were desirable, a system of land ownership in which finement which adheres to simple things. This study they are expert and which is singularly like that in of origins, of survivals, of paths of least resistance vogue in Palestine during its period of highest refining an industrial age through the people and prosperity-we cannot receive them in the United experiences which really belong to it and do not States because our laws have no way of dealing need to be brought in from the outside, surely af- with such a case. And in Canada, where they are fords an opening for scholarship. finally settled, the unimaginative dominion officials The present lack of understanding, the dearth of are driven to the verge of distraction concerning the illumination which knowledge gives can be registration of deeds and the collection of taxes traced not only in the social and political mal-ad- from men who do not claim acres in their own justment of the immigrant, but is felt in so-called names, but in the name of the village. The official "practical affairs" of national magnitude. Regret distraction is reflected and intensified among the is many times expressed that notwithstanding the people themselves to the point of driving them into fact that nine out of every ten immigrants are of the medieval "marching mania," in the hope of find- rural birth, they all tend to congregate in cities ing a land in the south where they may carry out where their inherited and elaborate knowledge of their inoffensive "mir" system. The entire situation agricultural processes is unutilized, although they might prove that an unbending theory of individual- are fitted to undertake the painstaking method ism may become as fixed as status itself. There are which American farmers despise. But it is char- certainly other factors in the Doukhobor situation acteristic of American complacency that when any of religious bigotry and of the self-seeking of lead- assisted removal to agricultural regions is contem- ership, but in spite of the fact that the Canadian of- plated, we utterly ignore their past experiences and ficials have in other matters exhibited much of the always assume that each family will be content to adaptability which distinguishes the British colonial live in the middle of its own piece of ground, al- policy, they are completely stranded on the rock of though there are few peoples on the face of the Anglo-Saxon individualistic ownership, and assume earth who have ever tried isolating a family on that any other system of land tenure is subversive 160 acres or 80, or even on 40, but this is the Amer- of government, although Russia manages to exert ican way, a survival of our pioneer days, and we a fair amount of governmental control over thou- refuse to modify it, notwithstanding the fact that sands of acres held under the system which they the South Italians from the day of medieval incur- detest. sions have lived in compact villages with an intense In our eagerness to reproach the immigrant for and elaborate social life, so much of it out of doors not going upon the land, we almost overlook the and interdependent that it has affected almost every contributions to city life which those of them, who domestic habit. Italian women knead their own were adapted to it in Europe, are making to our bread, but depend on the village oven for its bak- cities here. From dingy little eating-houses in ing, and the men would rather walk for miles to lower New York, performing a function somewhat their fields each day than to face an evening of between the eighteenth century coffee-house of the companionship limited to the family. Nothing Parisian cafe, is issuing at the present moment, per- could afford a better check to the constant removal haps, the sturdiest realistic drama that is being pro- to the cities of the farming population all over the duced on American soil. Late into the night specu- United States, than to be able to combine com- lation is carried forward, not on the nice questions munity life with agricultural occupation, affording of the Talmud and quibbles of logic, but minds long CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 7 trained on these, seriously discuss the need of a re- dustrial situation is revealed in the fact that trade adjustment of the industrial machine that the prim- organizations which openly concern themselves with itive sense of justice and righteousness may secure the immigration problem on its industrial side, larger play in our social organization. And yet quickly take on the paraphernalia and machinery a Russian in Chicago who used to believe that which have hitherto associated themselves with Americans cared first and foremost for political lib- governmental life and control. The trades unions erty and would certainly admire those who had have worked out all over again local autonomy with suffered in its cause, finds no one interested in his central councils and national representative bodies story of six years' banishment beyond the Antarctic and the use of the referendum vote. They also ex- circle, and is really listened to only when he tells to hibit many features of political corruption and man- a sportsman the tale of the fish he caught during ipulation, but they still contain the purifying power the six weeks of summer when the rivers were of reality, for the trades unions are engaged in a open. " Lively work then, but plenty of time to eat desperate struggle to maintain a standard wage them dried and frozen through the rest of the year, " against the constant arrival of unskilled immigrants is the most sympathetic comment he has yet re- at the rate of three-quarters of a million a year, at ceived upon an experience which at least to him the very period when the elaboration of machinery held the bittersweet of martyrdom . permits the largest use of unskilled men. The first Among the colonies of the most recently immi- real lesson in self-government to many ma immigrants grated Jews who still carry out their orthodox cus- has come through the organization of labor unions, toms and a ritual preserved through centuries in the and it could come in no other way, for the union Ghetto, one constantly feels during a season of alone has appealed to their necessities. And out of religious observance a refreshing insistence upon these primal necessities one sees the first indication of an idealism of which one at moments dares to the reality of the inner life, and the dignity of its expression in inherited form. Perhaps the most hope that it may be sturdy enough and sufficiently striking reproach to the materialism of Chicago is founded upon experience to make some impression the sight of a Chicago river bridge lined with men upon the tremendous immigration situation. and women on one day in the year oblivious to the It may further be contended that this remarkable noisy traffic and sordid surroundings, casting their coming together has been the result of economic sins upon the waters that they may be carried far pressure, and is without merit or idealism, that the from them. That obsession which the materialism trades union record on Chinese exclusion and negro of Chicago sometimes makes upon one's brain so discrimination has been damaging, and yet I would that one is almost driven to go out upon the street quote from a study of the anthracite coal fields fairly shouting that, after all, life does not consist made from the University of Pennsylvania : " The in wealth, in learning, in enterprise, in energy, in United Mine Workers of America is taking men of success, not even in that modern fetish, cuiture, but a score of nationalities-English -speaking and Slav- upon an inner equilibrium, "the agreement of soul," men of widely different creeds, languages, and cus- is here for once plainly stated, and is a relief even toms, and of varying powers of industrial competi- in its exaggeration and grotesqueness . tion, and is welding them into an industrial brother- hood, each part of which can at least understand The charge that recent immigration threatens to of the others, that they are working for one great debase the American standard of living is certainly and common end. This bond of unionism is strong- a grave one, but I would invite the scholar even into that sterner region which we are accustomed to er than one can readily imagine who has not seen its mysterious workings or who has not been a vic- regard as purely industrial. At first glance nothing tim of its members' newly found enthusiasm. It is seems further from an intellectual proposition than today the strongest tie that can bind together 147,- this question of tin cups and plates stored in a bunk ooo mine workers and the thousands dependent versus a white cloth and a cottage table, and yet, upon them. It is more than religion, more than the curiously enough, an English writer has recently social ties which hold together members of the same cited " standards of life" as an illustration of the community. " This is from a careful study by Mr. fact that it is ideas which mold the lives of men, Warne, which, doubtless, many of you know, called and states that around the deeply significant idea of "The Slav Invasion . the standard of life, center our industrial problems of today, and that this idea forms the base of all It was during a remarkable struggle on the part the forward movements of the working class. The of this amalgamation of men from all countries, that significance of the standard of life lies, not so much the United States government, in spite of itself, was in the fact that for each of us it is different, but that driven to take a hand in an industrial situation, for all of us, it is progressive, constantly invading owing to the long strain and the intolerable suffer- new realms. To imagine that all goes well if sew- ing entailed upon the whole country, but even then ing machines and cottage organs reach the first public opinion was too aroused, too moralized, to be generation of immigrants, fashionable dressmakers patient with an investigation of the mere commer- and pianos the second, is, of course, the most un- cial questions of tonnage and freight rates with tutored interpretation of it. And yet it is a question their political implications, and insisted that the na- of food and shelter, and further of the maintenance tional commission should consider the human as- of industrial efficiency and of life itself to thou- pects of the case. Columns of newspapers and days sands of men, and this gigantic task of standardiz- of investigation were given to the discussion of the ing successive nations of immigrants, falls upon deeds of violence, having nothing to do with the workmen who lose all if they fail. original demands of the strikers, and entering only Curiously enough, however, as soon as the immi- into the value set upon human life by each of the grant situation is frankly regarded as an industrial contesting parties; did the union encourage violence one, the really political nature of the essentially in- against nonunion men, or did it really do every 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . thing to suppress it, living up to its creed which for personal kindness, their insistence upon the was to maintain a standard of living that families right to join in our progress, cannot be disregarded. might be properly housed and fed and protected The burdens and sorrows of men have unexpectedly from debilitating toil and disease, that children become intelligent and urgent to this nation, and it might be nurtured into American citizenship ; did is only by accepting them with some magnanimity the operators protect their men as far as possible that we can develop the larger sense of justice, from mine damp, from length of hours proven by which is becoming world-wide and is lying in am- experience to be exhausting; did they pay a suf- bush, as it were, to manifest itself in governmental ficient wage to the mine laborer to allow him to relations. Men of all nations are determining upon send his children to school ; questions such as these, the abolition of degrading poverty, disease, and in- a study of the human problem invaded the commis- tellectual weakness with their resulting industrial sion day after day during its sitting. One felt for inefficiency. This manifests itself in labor legisla- the moment the first wave of a rising tide of hu- tion in England, in the Imperial Sick and Old-Age manitarianism, until the normal ideals of the laborer Insurance Acts of Germany, in the enormous sys- to secure food and shelter for his family, and se- tem of public education in the United States. curity for his old age, and a larger opportunity To be afraid of it is to lose what we have. A for his children, became the ideals of democratic government has always received feeble support government. from its constituents as soon as its demands ap- It may be owing to the fact that the working man peared childish or remote. Citizens inevitably ne- is brought in direct contact with the situation as a glect or abandon civic duty when it no longer em- desperate problem of living wage or starvation, it bodies their genuine desires. It is useless to hyp- may be that wisdom is at her old trick of residing notize ourselves by unreal talk of colonial ideals in the hearts of the simple, or that this new ideal- and patriotic duty toward immigrants, as if it were ism which is that of a reasonable life and labor a question of passing a set of resolutions. The na- must from the very nature of things proceed from tion must be saved by its lovers, by the patriots who those who labor, or possibly because amelioration possess adequate and contemporaneous knowledge. arises whence it is so sorely needed, but certainly it A commingling of racial habits and national char- is true, that while the rest of the country talks of acteristics in the end must rest upon the voluntary assimilation as if we were a huge digestive appa- balance and concord of many forces. ratus, the man with whom the immigrant has come We may with justice demand from the scholar most sharply into competition has been forced into the philosophic statement, the reconstruction and fraternal relations with him. reorganization of the knowledge which he pos- All the people of the world have become part of sesses, only if we agree to make it over into healthy our tribunal, and their sense of pity, their clamor and direct expressions of free living. UNIVERSITY LECTURE ASSOCIATION IN CO-OPERATION WITH THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO LECTURE COURSES ANNOUNCED BY THE UNIVERSITY LECTURE ASSOCIATION FOR THE ENSUING YEAR ARE AS FOLLOWS : NORTH SIDE CENTER-Monday Evenings, Lincoln WEST SIDE CENTER .-Thursday Evenfngs, Lewis ParkCongregational Church , 707 Fullerton Blvd. Institute, Cor. Robey and Madison Sts. October 2nd-November 6th.-" From Social Utopias to October 5th-November 9th .--" From Social Utopias to Practical Politics, " six lectures by John Graham Brooks, A. Practical Politics, " six lectures by John Graham Brooks, A. B. , Professorial Lecturer in Social Economics . B. , Professorial Lecturer in Social Economics. November 16th-December 21st.-"American Litera- November 13th-December 18th.-" Scenic Features of ture," six lectures by Richard Burton, Ph. D., Professorial North America, from the Physiographic Point of View, ' six Lecturer in English Literature. lectures by Dr. Wallace W. Atwood, Ph. D. , Instructor in January 4th- February 8th.- " The Slavic World, " six Physiography and General Geology. (Illustrated with stere- lectures by Edward A. Steiner, Professor of Applied Chris- opticon views. tianity, Iowa College. January 8th-February 12th.-" Tragedies of Shake- February 15th-March 22nd.-" The Master Writers of speare: Approached Through Kindred Masterpieces," six the Bible, " six lectures by Herbert L. Willett, Ph. D. , As- lectures by William Norman Guthrie, A. M. , Lecturer in sistant Professor of Semitic Languages and Literatures. General Literature. March 29th-May 3rd.-"Other Worlds Than Ours, " six lectures by Forest Ray Moulton, Ph. D. , Assistant Professor February 19th-March 26th.-" Literary Reading as a of Astronomy. ( Illustrated with stereopticon views) . Means of Biblical Study," six lectures by Richard G. Moul- CENTRAL CENTER .-Music Hall, Fine Arts Building, ton, Professor of Literary Theory and Interpretation. Thursday Afternoons, 4:150'Clock. SOUTH SIDE CENTER .-Tuesday Evenings, Abraham A series of thirteen lectures and recitals, beginning No- Lincoln Center, Oakwood Blvd. & Langley Ave.. vember 2nd, on "The World's Dramatic Masterpieces, " by Professor S. H. Clark, Dr. Richard Burton, and William October 3rd-November 7th.-"Steps Toward Social Norman Guthrie. Equality, " six lectures by John Graham Brooks, A. В. , OPENING MEETING .-Music Hall, Fine Arts Building. Professorial Lecturer in Social Economics . September 29th, 8:00P . Μ . November 14th-December 19th.-" Other Worlds Than Address by John Grabam Brooks, on " Some Hopeful Ours,' six lectures by Forest Ray Moulton, Ph. D., Assistant Signs in American Life. " Tickets can be secured free of Professor of Astronomy. (Illustrated with steropticon views). charge at the Box Office, Fine Arts Building, or at the - January 9th-February 13th.-" Shakespeare's Tragedies : University of Chicago. ADMISSION TICKETS . Approached Through Kindred Masterpieces," six lectures Membership card, admitting two persons to all lectures given by by William Norman Guthrie, A. M., Lecturer in General the Association in the academic year, 1905-6, and one person Literature. to the Open Lectures at the University, Summer Quarter, 1906 $10.00 February 20th-March 27th .-" European Capitals and Family ticket (Associate Membership) good for twenty-four ad- missions in any combination 5.00 Their Social Significance, " Pt. II, six lectures by Jerome Package ticket, twelve single admission tickets in package ...... 3.00 H. Raymond, Ph. D. , Associate Professor of Sociology. Course tickets, six lectures 1.50 (Illustrated with stereopticon views) . Single admission Tickets ... .35 Tickets may be secured at the lecture halls or at A. C. McClurg & Co., 215 Wabash Ave. Full announcements and information as to other lec- tures and as to conditions upon which University Credit may be secured will be sentupon application to Walter A. Payne. 58th St. & Ellis Ave. Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin Vol. IV. CHICAGO , SEPTEMBER 29, 1905. No. 33. THE SCHOOL CITY. school have an opportunity to vote, and determine whether they will accept those who have been nom- By Wilson L. Gill , LL . В. inated by the children in each room. ( From Social Service.) As it happened, this dirty, mischievous, trouble- some little boy was elected in one of the rooms to Philadelphia is a beautiful city in spots, but it has be a member of the city council. This was pretty some awful slums. In one of those slums there nearly the first experience of the teachers of that lives a little boy whom we will call Tommy Jones. school, with anything of the sort. They felt : Well, That is not his real name, but it is a real boy and a we have gotten over some things ; but if the chil- real circumstance that I am going to tell about. dren are going to choose such a little rascal as that. This little boy lives in an alley, not very far from to be a member of the city council, we fear for the the corner of Twenty-second street and Callow Hill. little republic so far as our school is concerned. It is a very dirty alley, and there is a great deal of misery there. You would think that Tommy would The next day came, and the little fellow came to rather go to school than be about there and the school. Instead of his clothes just hanging on by other places to which he goes. But Tommy did moral suasion, the buttons were tightened and he hate to go to school. It was misery. Just the nicest was slicked up. I do not know that they had ever teachers that you can imagine are there, but he did seen the boy with his hair brushed and combed, but hate to go to school. He was very frequently a this morning his hair was all right, his hands were truant ; and when he did deign to go to school- clean, his face was tolerably clean, and the boy was the truant officer can force such a little fellow to go there on time. This was simply a revolution for sometimes-he was very apt to be tardy. that boy. The next day he was there on time, and Tommy was very careless as to his costume, and he was just as neat as he was the day before; and this thing kept up. He did not play truant again. as to the condition of his face and hands. Tommy was a very troublesome boy, altogether. He had He picked up in his class, and instead of being at entered this school when about six years old, and the very tail end, very quickly the little fellow came now he was nine. right up to the head of the class. We changed that little monarchy for school Six weeks afterward the teacher, going through government in general is a monarchy. Have you the room, stopped at his desk and said: “ Tommy, ever thought what monarchy is? A little child is I am just delighted to see how nicely you are get- born, and that child does not know how to manage ting on. You have not been absent once, and you are never tardy any more. You are as neat as a his own affairs. Somebody stronger in every re- spect has to govern it. The mother governs the little gentleman, and you have come up in your little one, and that is parental government; and class. I am proud of you. " The little fellow looked that is monarchy. The little child has no part in the up and said, " You know they expect so much from government, except to do whatever the mother re- a member of the city council." Now, I think from quires. Then, when he gets along a little further, that you can see the spirit of the school city. OLD CONDITIONS AND GROWTH OF LIBERTY. the child goes to school, and there is more mon- archy. We get still farther along, into college, and When the colonists were greatly troubled over the thing has not been corrected yet. It is mon- their condition-their subserviency to the English archy again. From the time the child is born, to the crown-three per cent of the people lived in towns time he leaves the high school and university, the and cities at that time, and ninety-seven per cent only government he comes in contact with, is a lived on the farms. The children went to school monarchy, the government to which he must be two, or at most three, months during the year. The subject. He has no power whatever in making the rest of the time, the children were with their par- rules and regulations and no part except to obey. ents . From the time the child was born to the time Tommy was a subject of this little monarchy in he was grown up, he was undertaking such things school, and one day I had the pleasure of changing as he could do. He was helping his father, and that monarchy into a republic. The republic, in the the girls were helping their mother ; they were form of a city government, was established, and learning to spin and to weave, and all that sort of each room of the school is a ward of the School thing. They were coming in contact with grand City. These wards are made up of both girls and people-with their parents, who had by just that boys, and in each one of the wards the children same process gathered the experience and the train- nominate one boy and one girl to be members of ing of centuries and passed on the growing desire the city council. After each ward has nominated its for liberty and popular government. Thus they two members, then all the children of the assembled were getting a splendid moral education, a splendid 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. civic education, a splendid religious education. the primaries, is made up largely of the men who They were learning to work. They were being work in factories and shops and on the streets, trained, day by day, into the life that they were to under the orders of foremen. Their whole busi- live when they came to be adults. They went to ness life is spent in taking orders and in carrying school simply to learn the "three R's" and to get them into execution. They belong to political clubs, brushed up in a few things which they could not and there they are governed as in the shop. They take care of conveniently on the farm. They were are told what they shall do at the primary meetings, getting an all-round education, and their characters and they do it. They are told what they shall do at were developed splendidly. the polls, and they do that. They do not go to the Then came the war of the Revolution, to gain for primaries and the polls as independent American our people the right to govern themselves ; and citizens, but simply as parts of a machine, under that is the way they were prepared for it. They the orders of the officers of the bosses . were farmers who won the battles of the Revolu- When we see who those fifty-five per cent are tion. They were farmers who determined that we who do not vote in the primaries, and do not go to would be no longer subjects of the crown. That was the polls, we find they are practically the entire the condition at the time and for some time follow- body of those who have graduated from the colleges ing the Revolution. and universities ; not absolutely, but practically the DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSMISSION OF THE whole body of men who are at the heads of business, SPIRIT OF LIBERTY CEASED, including professional men, and those who take the Now, forty-five per cent of the people are on iniative in their daily business. All of these have farms, and fifty-five per cent are in cities, towns been eliminated from municipal citizenship, in the and villages under urban influences . These are city of Philadelphia; so that the bosses are left to very important figures, and they have the support use the machine, exactly as they see fit. Thus we of the census department. Thus you see that, for have in Philadelphia-we do not call him King the great mass of our people, those influences that Durham, we call him "the easy boss"-but he is a made the character of the colonists have been wiped king, just as much as any man in any country in the out. world was ever king. That same condition exists, In the course of the development of the cities, to a less extent perhaps, in almost every city of the Union. the factories grew, the men were separated from THE SCHOOLS ARE TO BLAME. their families, and all that moral, civic, industrial and religious influence of the former days was a The educated people have been eliminated from thing of the past: the children were in the school, American citizenship by the schools and colleges instead of being in contact with their parents. The which have been built and are supported as the schools of three months grew to be the schools of bulwarks of our liberties. They have in a measure ten months, and instead of learning a little arith- wiped out our liberties and in no small degree de- metic, we are now getting a great deal of arith- stroyed popular government in the cities of the metic, algebra, geometry and trigonometry ; in United States. I am not saying this as a harangue place of a little reading we are getting a great many against our educational institutions. We need our things, such as geography, physics, physiology, etc., educational institutions, to be the bulwark of our and in place of writing, a whole lot of other things . liberties. But they must change. They must stop We have nothing, except intellectual work, to take subjecting our children to monarchy. They must the place of this moral, civic, industrial and re- liberate their minds. They must construct a re- ligious training that the people of the colonies public, and they must give the people the habit and received. the character of citizenship. We have found out In the olden time, the government of a school was the way, and we are putting that method into op- a monarchy. But it did not make very much differ- eration which is actually making citizens, instead of ence ; it was only for a little while. If it were a subjects, out of thousands and thousands of chil- bad tyranny, it simply made children hate it. dren in that same city of Philadelphia. That same sort of government has been continued Every school that organizes the "School City" government receives a charter from the Board of in the schools of the republic, and now we have the Education, under which they form a complete child being trained by the schools for monarchy. municipal government, a room corresponding to a The only government that an educated American ward. A mayor, board of councilmen, judges, comes in contact with while his character is being policemen, and other officials are chosen by a ma- established, while he is forming the habits of his jority vote of the scholars for a term of ten weeks. life. is that of a monarchy. He is being made in- The children are not playing city government. telligent; perhaps he is being made to understand There is no make-belief. The laws, together with a good many questions in relation to government the trials, convictions and punishments for their and citizenship, but while he is being made intelli- violation are all real, and the result of this real ex- gent in regard to these things, he is being compelled perience is a real training in civic responsibility, to form the habit of being a subject and of accept- and the development of the civic spirit. ing a government in which he has no part what- The following are the laws of the School City : ever, except to obey. CHAPTER I. POPULAR GOVERNMENT GIVES WAY TO MΟΝ- ARCHY . The General City Law. In the city of Philadelphia, at the last two munici- Do to others as you wish them to do to you. pal elections, forty-five per cent of the people who This is the natural law, without which no popular were registered to vote, did vote. Fifty-five per government can succeed, and it is the general law of cent of those who had the right did not vote. This this School City, to which all other laws and regu- forty-five per cent who did vote, and who go to lations must conform. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 3 CHAPTER II . FOREIGN- BORN PARENTS . Things Prohibited . Article 1. Do not to others that which you Chicago's public schools accomplish a wonderful would not wish them to do to you . work in making young Americans out of all the Order. various kinds of material that come within their Art. 2. Anything which disturbs the order in doors. After a few years of the instruction there halls, classrooms, or in any place within the juris- provided the child of the immigrant and the child diction of the School City is prohibited. whose ancestors have been American for genera- Art. 3. Anything which is profane, rude, in- tions have the same educational equipment. They tentionally unkind or impolite is prohibited. speak the language of the country equally well. Cleanliness. They have the same interest in its institutions. One Art. 4. Anything which detracts from the neat asserts his Americanism as loyally as the other. and orderly appearance of our School City is pro- But in too many families where the parents cling hibited. to the customs and the speech of the foreign coun- Health. try in which they were born and reared, the children Art. 5. Anything which detracts from the who are growing up make the grievous mistake of healthful conditions of our School City is pro- feeling themselves superior to their elders. Con- hibited. tempt for the opinions of father and mother and im- Public and Private Property. patience of parental restraint inspire not only dis- Art. 6. Anything which mars or destroys prop- respectful conduct but a hunger for more congenial erty in our School City is prohibited. companionship, which frequently leads to evil asso- CHAPTER III . ciations. This has caused sociologists to declare Duties. that members of the second generation in immigrant Article 1. Every citizen is in duty bound to call families are especially prone to turn out badly. The the attention of the authorities to any violation of fact that children frequently outstrip their parents the laws of this School City. in acquiring the language and the customs of the CHAPTER IV . country has a tendency seriously to impair the influ- Punishments . ence exercised by the latter over their offspring Article 1. Any citizen violating any law of this during the critical years which count so much in the formation of character. School City shall be subject to punishment not less In an address delivered yesterday before the than a reprimand, and not greater than a with- pupils of the Normal School, Miss Jane Addams drawal of the rights of citizenship. Art. 2. No punishment shall be carried into exe- called attention to the importance of educating for- cution before it has been approved by the principal eign-born parents, thus preventing their children of the school, and then it must be put promptly from growing away from them. While the younger into effect. generation is being Americanized in the schools the Note. The children are free to accept, change elders also should be subjected to Americanizing or reject these laws, and to make additional laws influences. Miss Addams suggests that grown peo- as circumstances require. They invariably accept ple of foreign birth be induced to attend public them without change and generally with much en- meetings, provided with lectures on America and thusiasm. other countries and in similar ways set to thinking along lines which will broaden and Americanize The age of the great stone monuments at Stone- them. Unquestionably this sort of instruction is henge had been a standing mystery until the great important, not only to the people so instructed, but monolith fell and was set up again a month or so especially to their children, who will not grow away ago. Then, while excavations were being made from parents while the latter also are growing with moderate luxuriance. about its base for the concrete bedding, many stone implements were found with evidence upon them Natives of foreign countries cling fondly to the of use for cutting and squaring the stones. Now, tongue which they learned at their parents' knees if bronze had been known at the time of the building and to the customs of the fatherland. Still, it is a of Stonehenge the builders certainly would not have duty of parenthood not to let slip from it that used stone. When did Britain make acquaintance proper influence which it should have over the ac- with bronze ? The earliest suggested date is 1000 tions of the child. It should join with the latter in B. C. But the Phœnicians knew of the mineral becoming imbued with the spirit of the adopted wealth of Britain between 1500 and 1200 B. C., and country.-Chicago Daily News, Sept. 16, 1905. if the Britons knew the use of tin it is obvious that they must have emerged from the stone age. Hence AMERICAN. it is inferred that Stonehenge is about 3,400 years The London house which Thackeray built for old at least, instead of being, as some aver, of post- himself, and now known as 2 Palace green, Ken- Roman origin. sington, was put up for sale recently by the son of the auctioneer who sold it--for the first time- A tourist who was sailing upon Loch Erne once thirty- seven years ago. It is a red brick mansion, wished to test the alleged character of Irishmen for screened from the road, and the lease, which has politeness. Now there was a regular squall on, and forty- one years to run, is held direct from the at a moment when the old boatman had all his ener- crown. Many people thought that Thackeray, when gies bent to keep the little craft before the wind, the he decided to build his own house in its own inquisitive one, leaning over to him, shouted in his grounds, was putting too great a strain on his pen. ear, "Very little wind to-day." "Very little in- But events have shown that the speculation was a deed," was the reply, "but what there is of it is sound one, for the other day the house was sold for mighty strong ! " $75,000. 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION IN MEMORY OF ERNA VOGELER. BULLETIN Born June 29, 1881. Died, June 14, 1905. Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, Erna Vogeler was born in Chicago, attended the MARGARET A. HALEY. Editor public schools here and graduated from the Chicago ESTHER TABER, Managing Editor Normal School in the class of 1901 . Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, December 23, 1901. To her teaching was a most noble and responsible profession, and with earnestness and a firm resolve THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of to do her duty in it, she gave to it the strength and April andDecember, by the Chicago Teachers' Federation. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is One Dollar per year. Single power of the last years of her life. copies, Five Cents. ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received Those who knew and loved her know that their Tuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. lives will be purer and better because she has lived ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to th order of the to help show them the way. FEDERATION BULLETIN, 814-816 Unity Building, CHICAGO Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. TO THE MEMBERS OF THE FEDERATION . THE BULLETIN . In enlarging the scope of the Bulletin it is the With this number the Bulletin assumes a some- earnest desire of the editors to make it of more value to the Federation than ever before. More what larger scope than it has held in the past. The time and thought will now be given to it and new situation in Chicago has created conditions through the magazine number we will reach teach- that encourage a development of the field which ers all over the country engaged in the same strug- the Bulletin alone has covered in the educational gle we are engaged in, viz., to further the cause of world, and with the larger outlook it has been education by securing better conditions for teachers. deemed wise to increase the editorial staff. This is The managing editors, on assuming the respon- sibility of conducting the paper, feel the necessity done because the larger field makes it imperative for close co-operation between the readers and the that more time should be given to the Bulletin. paper. We should be glad of criticisms and sug- There has never before been a time when the de- gestions. We would make this paper the paper of the teachers and to do that we must have their warm mand for a paper advocating and upholding demo- cratic principles in education, both in the adminis- support and interest, and we should be glad to re- ceive the names of teachers or others who it is trative and educational departments, was so urgent thought would be interested in the Bulletin that a as it is now. All through the country there is a copy may be sent. feeling of unrest and dissatisfaction with the con- ditions existing in the public schools. It is the province of the Bulletin to voice this unrest by THE ARBITRARY ENGLISH LANGUAGE . showing as far as possible the causes and suggest We'll begin with box, and the plural is boxes, known remedies . But the plural of ox should be oxen, not oxes ; This larger aspect of what has hitherto been a The one fowl is a goose, but two are called geese, local question will be considered in the magazine Yet the plural of moose should never be meese ; You may find a lone mouse, or a whole nest of mice, number of the Bulletin published the first of each But the plural of house is houses, not hice ; month. If the plural of man is always called men, It will be the aim of the Bulletin to advance the Why shouldn't the plural of pan be called pen? cause of the teacher, to state the facts and to en- The cow in the plural may be cows or kine, courage teachers in their efforts to make the "prac- But the bow, if repeated, is never called bine ; tice of education" coincide with the theory that And the plural of vow is vows, never vine. If I speak of a foot, and you show me your feet, to be a teacher is the greatest privilege in the And I give you a boot, would a pair be called beet ? world. If one is a tooth, and a whole set are teeth, To those who are becoming interested in the Why shouldn't the plural of booth be called beeth ? educational problems in their newer relations to If the singular is this, and the plural is these, citizenship and the opportunity opened to the public Should the plural of kiss be nicknamed keese ? school as a social and democratic center, the Bulle- Then one may be that, and three may be those, tin will be of inestimable value, as special attention Yet hat in the plural would never be hose ; will be paid to the schools in their relation to the And the plural of cat is cats, and not cose. neighborhood and as a social center for co-operative We speak of a brother, and also of brethren, action. But though we say mother, we never say methren. The responsibility of the parent to the school will Then the masculine pronouns are he, his, and him, also be discussed and the mutual relations of the But imagine the feminine, she, shis, and shim. parents' clubs and the local school district to the So the English, I think, you all will agree, central boards of education . Is the greatest language you ever did see. We ask the help and co-operation of the members of the Federation in our efforts to make the Bulle- tin of vital service to those all over the country who Truths are first clouds, then rain, then harvests hold the same ideals, in our future work as we have and food. The philosophy of one century is the had it in the past. common sense of the next . CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 5 OFFICE DAYS OF VICE PRESIDENTS . mondon, John G. Rogers, John M. Smyth, John DISTRICT NO. 1 . Spry, John G. Whittier, John Worthy. DISTRICT NO. 9 . Maude M. Kolloch. Second Tuesday of each school month. John J. Audubon, James G. Blaine, Rose Murphy. Fourth Thursday of each school Bowmanville, Augustus H. Burley, John C. Coon- month. Thomas Brenan, John H. Foster, James A. ley, Eugene Field, Wm. C. Goudy, Horace Greeley, Garfield, Oliver Goldsmith, Carter H. Harrison, Alex. Hamilton, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Jas. B. Mc- Luther Haven, William Jones, Joseph Jungman , Pherson, Robert Morris, Louis Nettelhorst, Ravens- John A. Komensky, Mark Sheridan, David Swing, wood, Rose Hill, George Schneider. Amos G. Throop, Walsh, Elihu B. Washburne. DISTRICT NO. 2 . DISTRICT NO . 10. Emma Stevens. Second Thursday of each school Mary V. Synon. Fourth Monday of each school month. Louis J. R. Agassiz, Louise M. Alcott, month. Philip D. Armour, John C. Burroughs, Isaac N. Arnold, John T. Headley, John Kinzie, Chicago Lawn, Edward Everett, William Fallon, John J. Knickerbocker, Rene R. C. S. de LaSalle, Nathaniel Greene, Edward Hartigan, Robert Healy, Abraham Lincoln, George Manierre, James A. Mul- Charles N. Holden, Henry W. Longfellow, Horace ligan, W. L. Newberry, William B. Ogden, Wm. Mann, Wm. K. McAllister, Geo. B. McClellan, H. Prescott, Edwin H. Sheldon, George H. Thomas . James Shields, James Ward, Daniel Webster . DISTRICT NO . 11 . DISTRICT NO. 3 . Frances Northcott. Fourth Wednesday of each Mary E. Murray. First Wednesday of each school month. John Q. Adams, Philo Carpenter, school month, Zenos Colman, George Dewey, Benjamin Franklin, Edward Jenner, Thaddeus Kos- Charles W. Earle, Robert Fulton, Alexander ciusko, John L. Motley, James Otis, Elizabeth Pea- Graham, John H. Hamline, Winfield S. Hancock, body, Johann C. von Schiller, James A. Sexton, James Hedges, Thos. A. Hendricks, Oliver W. Henry M. Stanley, Mancel B. Talcott, George Holmes, Lake Grammar, Arthur A. Libby, Francis Washington, Wm. H. Wells. Parkman, Wm. H. Seward, Wm. T. Sherman, DISTRICT NO. 4. Jesse Sherwood . DISTRICT NO. 12 . Kate C. Curtis. Third Thursday of each school Kate Tehan. Second Wednesday of each school month. Hans C. Andersen, Jonathan Burr, Sal- month. Auburn Park, Alice L. Barnard, Perkins mon P. Chase, Christopher Columbus, Thomas Bass, William G. Beale, Chas. S. Brownell, Geo. Drummond, Johann W. Goethe, M. Jean de La- Wm. Curtis, Fernwood, Walter Q. Gresham, Har- Fayette, Knud Langland, John A. Logan, Ellen vard, Joshua Dawson Kershaw, Lewis-Champlin , Mitchell, Casimir Pulaski, Winfield S. Schley, Richard Oglesby, Hermann Raster, Thomas Scan- Wicker Park. DISTRICT NO . 5 . lan, Peter Van Vlissingen, West Pullman . DISTRICT NO . 13 . Margaret Finnegan. Third Wednesday of each Louise Zweifel. Second Friday of each school school month. Avondale, George Bancroft, Hiram month. Myra Bradwell, Ambrose E. Burnside, H. Belding, Carl O. E. L. von Bismarck, Lorenz Wm. W. Carter, Henry Clay, Paul Cornell, John Brentano, Daniel R. Cameron, Charles R. Darwin , Fiske, Kenwood, Chas. Kozminski, James Madison , Patrick Henry, Irving Park, Jefferson Park, Carl William Mavor, James McCosh , Park Manor, Pull- von Linne, Jas. Russell Lowell, James Monroe, man , William H. Ray, Paul Revere, Phil. Sheridan, Bernhard Moos, Wm. Penn Nixon, Nobel, Nor- wood Park, Harriet B. Stowe, Frederick Von Douglas Taylor, James N. Thorp, James Wads- worth, Joseph Warren. Humboldt, Richard Yates. DISTRICT NO. 14. DISTRICT NO. 6 . Isabel Richman. First Thursday of each school Mary C. Hyland. Third Monday of each schoo! month. Edmund Burke, Edmund A. Cummings, month. Austin Grammar, Jacob Beidler, Wm. Cul- J. R. Doolittle, Jr., Stephen A. Douglas, John B. len Bryant, Wm. H. Byford, John Calhoun, Thom- Drake, John Farren, Herman Felsenthal, Forest- as Chalmers, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Robert Em- ville, Melville W. Fuller, Elbridge G. Keith, John met, John Ericsson, Samuel S. Hayes, Julia Ward L. Marsh, Flavel Moseley, Oakland, Parkside, Howe, Francis Scott Key, Victor F. Lawson, John Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi, Benj . W. Raymond, Marshall, Samuel B. Morse, Henry H. Nash, Mar- Walter Scott, Wm. Shakespeare, Wm. K. Sullivan, tin A. Ryerson, Herbert Spencer, Charles Sumner, Frances E. Willard. Alfred Tennyson, G. W. Tilton . DISTRICT NO. 7 . BOARD OF EDUCATION. Anna G. Baer. First Friday of each school month. Daniel Brainard, William H. Brown, John Wednesday, September 27, 1905. Crerar, Crippled Children, Alighieri Dante, John C. The following reports were adopted : Dore, Wm. E. Gladstone, Grant Goodrich, Ulysses AWARD CERTIFICATES. S. Grant, Washington Irving, Andrew Jackson , CERTIFICATES AS TEACHERS IN ELEMENTARY Thomas Jefferson, William H. King, Jacques Mar- SCHOOLS. quette, John McLaren, Moses H. Montefiore, Jas. Maud J. Black, Mary B. Boulter, Catherine Dore, Y. Scammon, Mark Skinner, Samuel J. Tilden. Tessa R. Murray. DISTRICT NO. 8 . CERTIFICATES AS PRINCIPALS OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS . Serena Hogan Hayes. Second Monday of each school month. Robert Burns, George C. Clarke, Helen C. Maine, Harry Sheldon Vaile. CERTIFICATES AS TEACHER OF THE DEAF . Peter Cooper, Daniel J. Corkery, David G. Farra- gut, Frederick Froebel, Chas. G. Hammond, George Alexina E. Young . CERTIFICATES AS TEACHER IN HIGH SCHOOLS . Howland, Frank J. Jirka, Cyrus H. McCormick, Joseph Medill, Josiah L. Pickard, Ambrose Pla- Angelina A. Bergey . 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . AWARD CERTIFICATES AS PRINCIPALS AND McCillen, Agnes M., Foster; McLaggan, Mary J., TEACHERS IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS , UPON Spry ; McLeod, Elizabeth H., Kosciusko; Mines, PASSING PHYSICAL EXAMINATION . Ella M. , Jackson ; Mitchell, Julia D., Garfield; Mooney, Anna, Jones ; Murray, Josephine, Medill ; CERTIFICATES AS PRINCIPALS IN ELEMENTARY Myall, Charles A., Smyth; Morris, Mary J., Monte- SCHOOLS . fiore ; O'Brien, Julia J., Lowell ; O'Brien, Margaret Virginia Huguenin, William Lynn Smyser, Han- A. , Dante ; O'Brien, Mary E., Bismarck ; Olson, nah L. Touhy. Carrie M. , Montefiore ; Palmer, Ida M., Tilden ; Peck, Luther H., Lloyd ; Petreck, Rose, Rogers ; CERTIFICATES AS TEACHERS IN HIGH SCHOOLS . Quilty, Mary G., Brown ; Regan, Alice M. , Jenner ; Angelina A. Bergey, Mary Roth, Emilie B. Riggs, Ora M., Otis ; Roberts, Helen, McLaren ; Wright. Robson, Julia Louise, Jones ; Rea, Myrtle, Kinzie ; Ryan, Lizzie G., Brown ; Sloan, Lelia E., Ryerson ; SUSPEND RULE AND AWARD CERTIFICATES TO Sullivan, Clara G., Mulligan; Speer, Mabel P., Au- THREE GRADUATES OF NORMAL SCHOOL burn Park ; Sladek, Rose C., Farragut ; Springe, UNDER NINETEEN YEARS OF AGE . Melvina, Schley ; Sullivan, Ella C., Jackson ; Thane, That Julia H. Pines, Lillian E. Weber and Bea- Agnes, Parkside ; Thompson, Olive M., Stowe; Wal- trice M. Dawson, three of the graduates of the Chi- lenberg, Ella V., Nixon ; Weck, Frederick, Curtis ; cago Normal School, who finished the course in Weddle, May, Kinzie ; Weiger, Adelaide, Lafayette ; June, 1905, and who are under the age of nineteen Woltman, Helena C., Schiller; Woodruff, Effie years be awarded certificates. DeP. , Rogers . KINDERGARTEN TEACHERS . FORMER TEACHERS PLACED ON THE LIST FOR ΑΡΡΟΙNTMENT . Gammon, Medora D., Chase; Jagger, Mary C., Montefiore ; Reed, Eva H., Franklin ; Scribner, Eleanor ( Horsch) Wetz, Carrie R. Smith, Grace Mary C. , Longfellow ; Selover, Julia M., Headley. Graham, Minnie D. Kaufman, Selma Vognild, TRANSFERS . Clara Rauch . Aldrich, Ella M., Fiske to Wadsworth ; Alexand- ASSIGNMENTS AND TRANSFERS OF TEACH- er, Hedwig, Spry to Forestville ; Anderson, Adah ERS . M. , Otis to Spencer; Andrus, Anne, Yale Practice to Shakespeare ; Armstrong, Ida I., Tilden to Mar- ASSIGNMENTS . shall ; Ash, Annie E., Earle to Wadsworth ; Atkin- Ahern, Lucy G., Walsh ; Ahern, Stella, Jenner ; son, May V. , Ryerson to Key ; Bally, Helen, Low- ell to Burns ; Barker, Evangeline, Scanlan to Fiske; Bally, Helen, Lowell ; Barkell, Lillie Smith, Jack- Barrett, Katherine N. G., Chalmers to Sumner ; son ; Barton, Lillian Mae, Lowell ; Becker, Otto M., Bassett, Lucius M., Newberry to Earle; Benham, Morse ; Bendixen, Lillian O., Schley ; Blair, Flor- Etta M., Hammond to Holmes ; Bird, Ethel E. Gra- ence Burns, Harvard ; Buckley, Mamie, Goodrich ; ham to Lake Grammar ; Blackwell, Mabel E. , Bis- Burns, Grace E., Skinner; Burns, Margaret H. , marck to Rose Hill ; Bowlby, Daisy, La Salle to Chase ; Beers, Hulda P., Jungman; Brahany, Gert- Raster ; Brennan , Margaret E., Walsh to Pickard ; rude H. , Bryant ; Callahan, Winifrede A. , Lowell ; Brennan , Margaret A., Jenner to Henry ; Burke, Cazalet, Victoria R., Chase ; Chambers, Helen E., Lilly A. , Chase to Oglesby ; Burrows , Martha , Jenner ; Chivington, Rosalie B., Jackson; Clark, Wells to Brown ; Byrne, Georgia, Emerson to Elizabeth, Newberry ; Colburn, Mary B., Dante ; Dante ; Chott, Bessie A., Smyth to Henry ; Clancy, Collins, Helen C., Andersen; Collins, Sara Farwell, Margaret F. , Scammon to Beale; Conroy, Lillian Sumner ; Cowan, Bertha, Skinner ; Cox, Honor, M. , Kosciusko to Cooper ; Cronin, Agnes M., Bren- Dore ; Cummins, Agnes B., Smyth ; Curtin, Lyda tano to Lawson ; Cunningham , Sarah L., Jenner to M. , Dante ; Daly, Elizabeth M., Hayes ; Day, Alice, Henry ; Curtin, Marie, Jackson to Lowell; Daniel- Lowell ; Dunn, Elizabeth M., Smyth ; Dyson, Ada , son , Ellen T. , Froebel to Gallistel ; Deeley, Catherine Hammond ; Edwards, Katherine L., Smyth ; Enand- M. , Jones to Bass ; Dignum, Jennie, Henry to Irv- er, Hilma L. , Agassiz ; Faulkner, Mayme, Dore ; ing Park ; Doherty, Florence , Jirka to Whittier ; Fellows , Mary C., Gresham; Fischer, Anna Smith, Doniat , Theola, Otis to Greene ; Eastholm , Mary Plamondon ; Ford, Deborah, Schneider ; Forsch- E., Goodrich to Washburne ; Fitzsimons , Rose, ner, Cora M. , Chase ; Friedenthal, Hulda, Holden; Montefiore to Libby ; Flanagan, Susan, Wentworth Fullenwider , Elizabeth H., Van Vlissingen ; Galu- to Earle ; Fletcher, Agnes J., Burnside to Raster ; sha, Millie R., Bryant ; Bebhart, Ethelyn W. , Bry- Forkin , Alice, Brown to Yale Practice ; Fox, ant ; Glavin, Emma A., Harrison ; Goodnow, Clara Isabel , Bass to Scanlan ; Freelove , Bessie, Curtis to M. , Bryant; Graves, Elma, Chicago Lawn ; Gray, Harvard ; Gehan, Eleanor J., Drummond to Burns ; Edith, Wicker Park ; Hampton, Flora J., Brentano ; Gere, Mary B., Libby to Kershaw ; Guilfoyle, Mary Hassett, Katherine L., Peabody ; Hegan, Eugenia, A. , Hammond to Ward ; Grainger, Mary L., Pea- Fuller ; Hellgren, Adla A., Goldsmith ; Henning, body to Brown ; Grill, Elizabeth, Agassiz to Bow- Alvina E. , Gresham ; Hickey, Lenore W., Peabody ; manville ; Haisman , Louise V., Pickard to Cork- Hull, Laura E., Kenwood ; Hunting, Edith, Drum- mond ; Johnson, Etta, Cameron ; Johnson, Riley O., ery ; Hall, Nellie B., Dante to Howland ; Hansen , Mabel J., McLaren to Corkery ;; Hedberg , Hilma , Mulligan ; Kiess, Frieda E., Prescott; Kimball, Lowell to Taylor ; Heldman, Louise F., Froebel to Janette F., Mulligan ; Ladd, Lenna Gertrude (At- Farren ; Henning, Alvina E., Gresham to Lake wood) Rose Hill ; Loeffler, Bertha, Komensky ; Grammar ; Henry, Helene L., Lafayette to Plamon- Lowell , Emma, Brown; Lutke, Elfreda, Froebel ; don ; Henry, Marguerite, Raster to Marsh ; Hep- Lynch, Susanne, Jenner ; Manning, Mary, Ham- burn , Mabel, Von Humboldt to Bass ; Hof, Minnie mond; Martin, Gertrude E., Nixon ; McClelland, A., Lafayette to Yates ; Howard, Sarah, Lafayette Alice E. , Spry; McCormick, Flora, Goodrich; to Shakespeare ; Huggard, Margaret A., Mulligan CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . ‫ל‬ to Henry ; Jaynes, Gertrude, Bryant to Spencer ; TEACHERS TRANSFERRED TO DEPARTMENT Jager, Gunnell J., Clay to Mavor ; Johnson, Agnes , OF MANUAL TRAINING AND HOUSE- Bass to Libby, Johnson, Anna M., Garfield to Dew- HOLD ARTS . ey ; Keegan, Statia P., Greene to Holmes ; Kings- ley, Mary A., Otis to Washburne ; Krieger, Elise, MANUAL TRAINING . Wadsworth to Kozminski ; Lackner, Adele, Normal Practice to Lewis-Champlin; Leal, Rose B. , Logan Ernest C. Bishop, Yale Practice School; Florence to Coonley ; Lederer, Lillian, Goodrich to M. Sher- E. Booth, Smyth School ; William C. Waterstradt, idan ; Lowrance, Eva M., Graham to Lake Gram- Normal School, assistant curator. SEWING. mar; Leonard, Julia F., Rogers to Beale ; Maine, Mabel, Walsh to Wentworth ; Mann, Hermine, Helen C. Collins, Andersen School ; Florence H. Goudy to Agassiz ; Marnell, Anna T., Komensky to Rutherford, Forestville School . Scammon ; Martin, Hiram E., La Salle to Lewis- COOKING . Champlin ; McCredie, Emma M., Komensky to Oglesby ; McGowan, Nellie T. , Brown to Healy ; Kathryn Barry, Talcott School ; Ella J. Mendsen, Goodrich School . McKay, Ethel, Smyth to Bass ; McKay, Margaret V., Bass to Auburn Park; MacPherson, Alice J., UNASSIGNED LIST . Jackson to Beale ; Meany, Mary A., Skinner to M. Sheridan ; Mohan, Mary A., Jenner to Henry ; Mul- Barthel, F. W., North-West Division High ; len, Mary A. , Spry to Pickard ; MacCarthy, Anna Brayton, Laura T. , Hyde Park High; Anderson, G. , Curtis to Kozminski ; Mullin, Mary E., Jackson Cora C., Cooper ; Byrne, Anna D., Van Vlissingen ; to Burns ; Murphy, Anna M., Dante to Webster ; Crabb, Florence S., Healy ; Dickinson, Sheldon L., Murphy, Kathryn, Bismarck to Mitchell ; Murphy, Manual Training ; Ellsworth, Grace W., Haven ; Rose A., Washburne to Lawson ; Nash, Mary T. , Gazzolo, Edith M., Goethe; Hauch, Maude L., Schiller to Manierre ; Nicholson, Mabel E., Yates Lowell; Hazle, Maria F., Shakespeare ; Hoskins, to Bismarck; Nielsen, Othilie K., Lawson to Sher- Ella C., Parental ; Howard, Blanche L., Park Man- man ; Nisbet, Nellie M., Gallistel to Fiske ; O'Con- or ; Jewell, Claire C., La Salle ; Kennedy, Esther nor, Alice, Montefiore to Lafayette ; O'Connor, S. , Bass ; Knight, Grace A. , Oglesby ; Langendorf, Laura, Peabody to Wadsworth ; O'Connor, Mar- Alice (Maguire) , Kinzie ; Lelewer, Sylvia, Farren ; garet, Jungman to Howland ; O'Neill, Mary C., McCall, Anita B., Linné ; McGowan, Olive S. , For- Walsh to Pickard; Osborne, Alice M., Andersen to estville ; McKelvey, Louise K. , Lewis-Champlin ; Worthy; Peaslee, Flora B., Farren to Gresham; Morrison, Margaret, Earle (Kindergarten) ; Pack- Peerstone, Cora B., Henry to Irving Park ; Peick- er, Everetta P., Franklin (Kindergarten) ; Reuter, ert, Frances, Foster to Pickard ; Perry, Serepta, Bertha, Thomas ; Richardson, Nellie E., Wash- Shakespeare to King ; Phillip, Florentine, Bryant burne ; Robinson, Mary H., Dore ; Schrock, Mabel to Marshall ; Prendergast, Katherine, Langland to (Stark) , Mitchell ; Somers, Maude E., Marshall; Otis; Richelson, Laura M., Stowe to Goethe ; Riley, Thompson , Agnes, Dante ; Waterman, Richard Mary A. , Pickard to Marquette ; Rogers, Margaret, (Prin. ) , Emmet ; Williams, Ada B., Sherwood; Libby to Greene ; Rowan, Mary I., Graham to Lake Yorker, Nora K., Burns . Grammar; Rueff, Katherine, Bancroft to Austin LIST OF LEAVES OF ABSENCE GRANTED FOR STUDY. Grammar ; Ryan, Margaret M., Wicker Park to Sheldon; Scanlan, Lucy M., Ward to Earle ; Coddington, Arch. O., Goudy; Cooper, Jeannette, Schnitzer, Lillian, Dante to Haven; Schiffer, Wil- Brown ; Craney, Mary E., Lawson ; Dammarell, helmine, Shakespeare to Jenner ; Scholz, Clara A. , Ida M. , Lafayette; Earle, Ella E., Nettlehorst ; Burley to Greeley ; Shapiro, Nettie, Mulligan to Far- Firth, Emma M., Yale ; Gore, Elizabeth R., Park- ren , Sloan , Leila, Brainard to Gladstone ; Schnitzer, side ; Hagen, Louise K., Taylor ; Hutchinson, Jean, Lillia, Douglas to Dante ; Smith, Harriet H., Key Lewis-Champlin ; Hynek, Birdie W. , Gladstone ; to Yale Practice; Snitjer, Agnes R., Kozminski Johnson, Ada B. , Forestville; Lacy, N. Maye ; to Smyth ; Snitjer, Agnes R., Smyth to Spry ; Stan- Nixon; Leonard; Leila C., Wadsworth ; Marshall, ton, Mary F. , Smyth to Ericsson ; Spinks, Alice M. , Flora M. , Curtis; Ropp, Theresa, Irving Park; Chase to Curtis ; Sullivan, Mary E., La Salle to Shoyer, Alice, Ecrisson ; Van Meenen, Josephine E., Holden; Tull, Zula, Jones to Tennyson ; Twohig, Washburne ; Wangeman, Anna L., Shakespeare ; Anna A., Marquette to Goudy ; Vanderpoel, Julia Young, Alice S., Yale Practice ; Darrow, Helen K. , M. , Dante to Burns ; Wasserman, Richard, Curtis Phillips High. to Gresham; Watts, Cora B., Bismarck to Monroe ; RESIGNATIONS OF TEACHERS ACCEPTED . Weber, Mary E., Schiller to Washburne ; West, Emily, Goldsmith to Wentworth ; Whittlesey, Mo- Belden, Grace, Kenwood; Bronson, Isabelle W. , lina M., Key to Beidler ; Wilson, Ida, McC., Henry Taylor; Davey, C. B., Crane ; Downey, Lucinda to Coonley ; Willson, Susie E., Smyth to Burns ; W., Spry ; Hempenius, Nellie A., Hammond ; Hill , Williams, Catherine M., Hayes to Healy ; Williams, Louise D., Ravenswood ; Iredale, Bertha Smart, Ellen L., Brown to Wells ; Woulfe, Nellie T. , to La Salle ; Langmore, Meta Voshell, Cameron ; Mc- Talcott ; Wright, Mary E., Kinzie to Sexton. Curdy, Maud M. (Duguid), Cooper ; McKenney, KINDERGARTEN TRANSFERS . Elsie H. , Pullman ; Montgomery, Nellie M. , Bren- Bridge, Princess, Pickard to Holden; Doherty, tano; Mullen, Sarah J., Pickard; Peary, Ida M. , Mary A. , Sherman to Holden ; Jewett, Maude, Otis Corkery; Reilly, Caroline Lynch, Kershaw ; to Earle ; Munger, Sarah V., Schneider to Sher- Schmidt, Lillian (Habig) , Englewood High ; Smith, man;; Roginson, Maude, Jirka to Burr; Schule, Ceceilia V. , Jenner ; Smith, Margaret A., Yale Prac- Julia S. , Medill to Prescott ; Stahl, Ida R., Ham- tice ; Waterman, Grace M., Prescott ; Westberg, mond to Mulligan ; Weed, Elma, Pickard to Park- Elizabeth Broman, Wentworth ; Woods, Elizabeth side and Bradwell.. R. , Holmes . 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . TEACHERS MARRIED . Spry-Olive Andrews, Olive A. Morawski . Name before Name after Spry-Lulu M. Watson, Lulu W. Welch. School. marriage marriage . Taylor-Gertrude E. Martin, Gertrude M. Morse. Adams-Anna G. Gavin, Anna G. Shea. Walsh-Mary A. Hackett, Mary H. Code. Avondale-Persis E. Young, Persis E. Wright. Ward-Ray M. Weinberg, Ray W. Jackson. Bancroft-Camille B. Richards, Camille R. Bailey. W. Pullman-Mary A. Tarbill, Mary T. Shisler. Burley-Julia Sulzer, Julia S. Griffith. Yale-Theresa Exselsen, Theresa E. Hack. Burns-Helen Fincham, Helen F. Reedy. Elect Hiram B. Loomis to the principalship of Burns-Helen I. Britsch, Helen B. McCarthy. the Hyde Park High School. Calhoun-Mary E. Davis, Mary E. Yorks. Elect Lucy Benson head assistant at the Lake Clarke-Maggie C. Upton, Maggie Upton Martin. Elementary School and fix her salary. Drake-Ella A. Cory, Ella C. Reynolds . Elect Kate A. Russell head assistant of Spencer Emmet-Evelyn Boylan, Evelyn B. Espey. School and fix her salary. Ericsson-Margaret Lonergan, Margaret L. O'Don- ELECTION OF HEAD ASSISTANT OF THE RAVENSWOOD SCHOOL . nell. Fernwood-Alice E. Cullum, Alice C. Whyte . That Miss Agnes McIllhon, one of the teachers Field-Louise F. Ely, Louise E. MacWhorter. in the Ravenswood School, be elected to the posi- tion of head assistant of the Ravenswood School. Foster-Emily L. Joyce, Emily J. Ford. Garfield-Georgia Chalifoux, Georgia C. Fallon . Accept resignation of Esther M. Butts as princi- Goudy-Frances Lyons , Frances L. Elliott. pal of Chase Evening School and elect Rufus M. Hawthorne-Caroline M. Young, Caroline Y. Hitch to fill vacancy, and elect G. A. Osinga prin- Searles. cipal of Thomas Evening School . EMPLOYES . Holden-Phoebe Rothfuss, Phoebe R. Campbell. Holmes-Catherine R. Doran, Catherine D. Mc- ASSIGNMENTS , SEPARATIONS, ETC., OF VARIOUS EMPLOYES . Guire. TEMPORARY ASSIGNMENTS . Lake View High-Flora B. Andrews, Flora A. Thomas L. Byrne, substitute engineer, Edward Hosick. Jenner School. Logan-Lilla S. Young, Lilla Y. Pabst. LEAVES OF ABSENCE . McLaren -Anna F. Cull, Anna C. Glackin . Patrick R. Riordan, engineer, Edward Jenner Marquette-Mollie C. McGrath, Mollie Patchell . School ; James Sweeney, fireman, Parental School ; Medill-Elizabeth Goodman, Elizabeth G. Porter . Amanda McDonald, Truant Officer. Pullman-Sara J. McCurdy, Sara Butcher. LAY OFF . Ryerson-Katherine P. White, Katherine W. Wat- Terence Rodgers, florist and gardener, Chicago son . Normal School. Ryerson-Florence M. Ashwell, Florence A. Stitely. The meeting adjourned. EDUCATIONAL A NEW EDITION OF FOUNDATIONS Professional Advancement OSSIAN H. LANG, Editor Course Ethics of Democracy By LOUIS F. POST Editor of THE PUBLIC Educational Foundations occupies a unique place among professional periodicals. Aiming to be neither a newspaper nor a journal of methods and devices, nor a You have done a great work, one that mere review of education, it has for fifteen years stead- will live a monument to a man with a great fastly adhered to its original plan of supplying broad, moral purpose, and the ability to put it into thoro, progressive, carefully planned courses of reading plain, simple words within the comprehension for teachers who are striving for solid and permanent of the everyday man . The greatest accom- success in their chosen life-work. In addition to the plishment in the work is that you have made most helpful surveys of the various departments of complicated problems simple and easy to understand. -TOM L. JOHNSON. pedagogy, this magazine supplies intensely interesting and profitable general culture courses. One superintendent writes : "Your magazine has opened Second Edition, with Portrait of the my eyes to the larger aspects of education, and my teach- ers and their pupils have been made the happier by my Author, 12mo, bound in rich blue cloth, awakening." Aformer country teacher writes : " I had lost courage and printed on high-grade, hand made paper, gilt intended to take up the study of law, when your magazine came to me and taught me that great work can be done in top, deckle edges, 398 pages, $2.00; by mail, education. I studied faithfully the contents of every issue and passed, with high standing, a principal's examination, $2.12. Descriptive circular on application. My present place pays double the salary I had a year ago." Send for catalogue of books and speci- Only $ 1.25 a Year men copies of THE PUBLIC-the important SPECIAL RATES WILL BE MADE TO READING CLUBS literature of fundamental democracy. USING TEN OR MORE COPIES. A circular giving sugges- tions for the organization and conduct of such clubs both in city and country and outlines of ten courses with valu- able pedagogical books will be sent on application. Address UNITED EDUCATIONAL CO . The Public Publishing Company 61 East Ninth Street, New York First National Bank Building, Chicago Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin Vol . IV. CHICAGO , OCTOBER 6, 1905. No. 34. THE SCHOOL AS A FORCE ARRAYED but we believe it is the duty of the state to guard AGAINST CHILD LABOR. its higher life as well as its lower life, and that in guarding its higher life, there are some things bet- BY JAMES H. KIRKLAND , ter than armies and navies, and that schoolhouses and churches and books are no less necessary instru- Chancellor of Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn. mentalities for national existence than gunpowder and dynamite. Representing, therefore, the school, The list of the social forces that are arrayed we represent our nation and the country's govern- against child labor, as presented on the program of ment-for the school is the state, after all, in its the annual meeting of the National Child Labor parental capacity. We believe in popular educa- Committee seems so overwhelming as to lead us tion, in universal education. We do not claim that to suppose that the duration of this evil must be but this is a panacea for all ills or a remedy for all brief. Yet, when we remember the universality of wrongs. We do not expect to see all men made greed, the persistence of poverty, and the helpless- wise, or just, or good. We realize that the best we ness of childhood, we realize that this fight will can do there will be some failures in life. On every not be so speedily won and that we have need of sea some bark must go down. But we take the posi- every force that can be utilized for the conflict. tion that an opportunity must be given to everyone, If ever we, as Americans, lose enthusiasm with and that every child must have the privilege of regard to the form of our government and its ad- working out his own life, of developing the best ministration, it is when we see the slowness of the that is in him-and, therefore, we believe that every steps by which educational and moral reforms are child must have the chance of an education. We secured, the difficulties in the way of securing leg- are opposed to child labor because it shuts out that islation that has the universal approval of men of opportunity and makes education impossible. thought, and when we further consider the unsatis- Therefore no legislation on this subject can be factory administration of such laws as have been satisfactory if it ignores the educational require- enacted. It is impossible, under our form of gov- ments of the child. The demand for an age limit in ernment to secure by one enactment such legislation child labor is justified by hygienic laws, but a deep- as seems necessary for the protection of our chil- er philosophy lies underneath such enactments . Our dren. As the chairman of our meeting has indi- problem is not merely to keep the child under six- cated, it is not our hope to secure federal legisla- teen out of the factory or mine, but to keep the child tion on this matter ; we realize that we must plead at work in school. The factory is better than the our cause not before one tribunal, but before half a slums; it may be that the factory is a better place hundred. In Germany it was possible for Bismarck than the home, but it is never better than the school ; to bring together the distracted units of Germany; and it is just where parental obligation has failed, one Cavour made possible a united Italy; but in just where the home has disappeared from the life America we must rally a multitude of leaders be- of the child, that the school must step in as another fore we can bring about a reform of any kind. We home and the teacher must take the place of the therefore appeal to public opinion. We are organ- parent who has deserted his charge. The school ized to influence public opinion; we desire to pre- must provide for that child a new opportunity, a sent our claims to the thoughtful men and women of new life. It is by no means sufficient to have an the country, and through them we hope to secure enactment saying the child must be able to read and in every state such legislation as we believe neces- write before being allowed to go to work in the sary. factory or the mine. It is not unnatural for the Within the past year we have traveled far in our child, after he has gone to work, to forget all that ideas of the state. We no longer believe that gov- he has learned and to drift back into the class of ernment to be best that governs least. We no longer hopelessly illiterate. Reading and writing is a very believe in the state whose seal of authority is the small requirement, when it stands as an educa- badge of the policeman, whose temples are its jails tional test between childhood that must be protected and penitentiaries,whose sole duties are to protect and manhood that should look after itself ; and yet, life and property, and secure the enforcement of in every state in the Union, I suppose, there are the commandments, " Thou shalt not kill" and children at work under the age of sixteen who can "Thou shalt not steal." We realize that a govern- neither read nor write. : ment has no higher duty, at certain times, than the The United States Department of Commerce preservation of its own existence by whatever force and Labor last year issued a bulletin making a spe- may be necessary to make secure that existence ; cial study of 1,381 children at work in thirteen 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . different states . In ten out of these thirteen states may be unscrupulous in their desire to secure gain there were found children at work who were unable from the child's labor ; but the responsibility should to read and write. Mind you, taking only that be placed in the hands of the men and women who small group of states and they were not selected are interested in the child and in its education. especially to hunt illiteracy-in ten of them there 3. The third point I would make is a plea for were found children that were wholly illiterate, and better schools and more of them. I speak on that New York was one of them. Examining the sta- point as a Southern man. Of all our problems, this tistics further to see whether there were children is the problem that is most far-reaching . at work who had never been to school, it was found We have another problem called peculiarly the that there were some, likewise in ten out of the Southern problem, but in my opinion the race ques- thirteen states, who had never been to school before tion is not so universal a problem, not so serious entering upon work ; while there were also a num- a menace to our general prosperity as is the dis- ber of children who had attended for only one or tressing fact of illiteracy and our insufficient edu- two years . I must acknowledge with regret that cational opportunities. There are many living in of the states whose record was shown up in that the South who know little of any race problem examination four of the thirteen belonged to the through personal experience. There are many com- South, viz . , North Carolina , South Carolina . munities where peace and good will reign and the Georgia and Alabama. There were 341 children two races are living side by side working out their that fell to those four Southern States. Of that tasks with mutual sympathy, forbearance and number 146 were wholly illiterate, 57 had never at- friendship . But there is no State in the South, no tended school, while 108 others had attended for community that is not struggling with the problem less than three years . That means only about fif- of providing better educational facilities. teen months of school attendance in all, for the We of the South are grateful for the co-operation average term in these states is only about half an and sympathy that has been extended to us by other ordinary school year. It is unnecessary to remind sections in working out this problem. In such a you that a child can learn but little at school in task men are brought close together. The bitter- one year of five months. It takes a good many of ness of former differences will be most quickly for- those terms to give enough information to become gotten by those working together in a great and a permanent asset, a permanent part of the child's holy enterprise. The founder of the institution character. The little knowledge gained in that with which I am connected-himself a citizen of short time at school passes away in a few years this city-in writing about its mission used these after the child has left the school, and such children significant words : are destined to be entirely illiterate after spending "If Vanderbilt University shall, through its in- a few years at work in the factory . fluence, contribute , even in a small degree, to But the Southerners are not sinners above all. strengthening the ties which should exist between Let me remind you of one of our pamphlets con- all geographical sections of our common country , taining information obtained by the Pennsylvania I shall feel that I have accomplished one of the Child Labor Committee, which shows that in the objects that led me to take an interest in it. " city of Philadelphia alone there are 16,000 children In that feeling of common interest and in that under the age of thirteen who are not in school, spirit of sacred enterprise all sections of our coun- although the law says they shall be there . These try must unite to promote the work of education children are at home waiting until they are old and to repress the evils of child labor. This is a task neither for sect nor section. The cause of enough to secure work, or at work with certificates that are falsified, or perhaps, even, without cer- childhood is the cause of humanity. We lay, there- tificates. fore, on the nation's heart the burden of American childhood, ignorant and helpless to-day, but of infi- From the standpoint of the school we urge three nite possibilities for to-morrow . contentions in our consideration of this subject : I. We contend that there should be always a definite educational requirement in every child la- JUSTICE THE HIGHER LAW. bor law. The mere establishment of an age limit Address of William Lloyd Garrison, at the twen- is insufficient, and the requirement that the child ty- fifth anniversary dinner of Henry George's shall be able to read and write is pitifully small. "Progress and Poverty, " Hotel Astor, New York A law requiring that a child shall attend some city, January 24, 1905 , in response to the toast: school while at work is some improvement, but is " Its Plea for Justice. open also to very serious objection, and in practical operation is seldom found satisfactory. A child With all my heart I respond to the toast allotted cannot work in a factory six or eight hours a day me. Holding with the newly elected governor of and do intellectual work at night; and a law per- Missouri that "where no principles are involved mitting children to work during the vacation period there is nothing to fight for." I contend that the puts a premium on long vacations and short school paramount, overshadowing issue underlying the terms. teachings of "Progress and Poverty" is the clear 2. The second principle for which we contend principle of human justice. However eloquently is that those who are interested in the education and wisely Henry George had discoursed upon the of the child shall have some voice in the execution fiscal perfection of his scheme, without his insistent, of the law that guards that education. The mak- lofty plea for equity his book would now be gath- ing out of certificates should not be placed in the ering dust on neglected shelves . hands of notaries who are to get their fees for Because it touched the primal need of man's na- this operation, nor should such certificates be made ture, basing its plea upon the sense of abstract right out on the unsupported affidavit of parents, who in every enlightened soul, it has entered into the CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 3 vital circulation of the world's thought. Never censes for general pillage revoked, private toll-gates more alive than to-day, it is as fresh in spirit and controlling natural fields of production challenged. matter as at the hour of its birth. Criticism has The disturbing reformer saw only the poor and dis- not withered nor censure staled its regenerating inherited sacrificed to unholy greed. The cries of truth . Unlike the economic writings which pour the helpless and betrayed would not let him rest. from the printing press in showers that neither We celebrate an event which marks the begin- warm nor moisten, " Progress and Poverty" needs ning of a new and far-reaching agitation. It will no revision for adjustment with new facts or cir- be a favorite subject for future historians, this un- cumstances . Its spirit thrills the reader as of yore. known and dauntless youth challenging the consti- Its statement of social conditions in 1879 is verified tuted authorities on political economy, clothing by those prevailing in 1905. Its prophecy of a pro- with flesh its dreary skeleton and "creating a soul gressive decivilization while land monopoly holds under the ribs of death." Fearless of the powerful sway has been fulfilled to the letter. Its law of par- privileges he assailed, undisheartened by public in- allels stands intact ; for while material progress has difference or private bitterness, Henry George made marched with accelerated stride, poverty, close as his "grand appeal of Truth to Time. " Academic the shadow to the substance, has held an equal pace . critics flouted his theory , or noticed his monumental The benefactors who live in the minds of men work with all the condescension of littleness. He long after their generation placed their reliance took both in the same unwavering mood. upon the moral forces of the world. The perma- Sentiment aside, what, in the white light of nence of justice and the transient nature of evil events , can give the single taxers cheer ? How can laws and institutions are revealed to such by inspir- this boasted influence of " Progress and Poverty" ation. They revive the Gospel of Jesus when re- be demonstrated ? Apparently a fly exerts more ligion is smothered in formalism and the dead power upon a wheel than this philosophy upon so- churches are absorbed in the worship of material cial welfare. Is protection dead ? Its iron grip was gods. Like an evangel, “ Progress and Poverty" never more painful. Is the landlord's domination revived despairing faith and awakened disciples. weakened ? He still seems Lord of all. Have the Illumination poured into darkened minds . To many folly of war and the grinding burdens of naval overshadowed lives came a glory like the flush of and military establishments abated ? Behold the dawn. Hope revived and uplifting activities re- country of Henry George vying with the kings and sulted. The lone voice crying in the wilderness a kaisers in foreign conquests of weaker peoples. quarter of a century ago now finds its multiplied When our leader was living lip service was paid echo in Tolstoy, who urges the gospel of Henry to the traditions of liberty . Where now are the George upon the unwilling ears of the Czar . national ideals, the Declaration of Independence, Benevolence is a safety valve for kindly natures , the wisdom of the fathers ? In the dust heap with and Charity , in the sense of almsgiving, is a fash- the Decalogue ! The force of reaction has gone ionable and convenient virtue. Both seem to be so far since his death that peace and justice have compatible with injustice. Certainly they find sig- been eliminated from Christianity and the moral nal exemplars among the men and classes powerful law placed in the category of myths. Some who through ill-gotten wealth. Yet while the most un- have worn priestly garments are now professing exampled giving to libraries and universities goes to have lost the ethical Deity they worshipped. on, public morals are at their lowest and democratic Where once they pictured him with awful clearness government trembles in the balance. The magni- tude of gifts to institutions is equaled only by the on Mount Sinai, they see only a vanishing vague- ness. Again " Great is Diana of the Ephesians" and unblushing abjectness of recipients. Tainted money moral standards are impertinent. finds no lack of respectable outstretched palms. Nevertheless , the times are full of cheer for the With what fine scorn did Henry George view the followers of Henry George. "Among the faithless, costly efforts to lessen the suffering victims of legal faithful only he" when the cause started amid uni- injustice. Monuments of civic pride to the un- versal unbelief. He refused to accept the gospel of thinking, to him they revealed ulcerous social con- mud and kept his vision fixed upon the stars. They ditions , evidences of shame and humiliation . To in their courses do fight against moral transgres- pluck a few brands from the burning, while adding sors and the reformer who hitches his wagon to a fuel to the flames , to succor individuals while im- star has a sure guide. poverishing the masses-what is it but insensate We are not dismayed because the expected is folly? happening . Confusion and social upheaval ? Have Amateur economists or retained professionals find we not steadily pointed out year after year that such public favor, because squarely confronting the ob- consequence must follow land monopoly ? The vious they fail to see it. They study and catalogue overruling power for righteousness that is making minutely every growth of social evil, but for the itself manifest confirms faith and banishes distrust. poisonous root they have no eyes. Henry George The most powerful monopolies on record must lacked genius for circumlocution. His mind sought shake the continent in their expulsion. Such times truth straight as a line of light, and what so dis- of readjustment are common throughout history. turbing to a world of pretense resentful of plain Old prophecies recur and signs of confusion in the speech ? Hence he was ranks of the mighty mark the advent of a new Fanatic named, and fool, yet well content order. The thieves are by the ears and frenzied So he could be the nearer to God's heart. charges and countercharges hurtle through the air. It is natural for lovers of darkness to hate light We are ignored in the fray that makes for the de- and the light-bringers. When " Progress and Pov- struction of privilege, a disability we suffer with erty" revealed the hidden predatory forces at work joyful resignation. Trouble has come to its own, upon society, alarm was immediate. The monopo- and the morning light is breaking. list saw only vested interests threatened, tariff li- (Continued on page 5.) 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION dianship, one of the strongest factors in the country will be awakened; a factor which the manufacturer BULLETIN will find it difficult to combat, for popular education Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation , in the public schools is the pride and boast of Amer- MARGARET A. HALEY , Editor ica. ESTHER TABER, Managing Editor Ent red at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, December 23, 1901. COMPULSORY SCHOOL LAW IN CHICAGO . THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the The new law compelling parents to do their duty year. excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of April and December, by the Chicago Teachers' Federation. in sending their children to school regularly has THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is One Dollar per year. Single coples. Five Cents. proven successful. Reports have been received from ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be rec ived principals and from truant officers stating that the by Tuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. th ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to order of the prosecution of parents has been a potential factor in promoting school attendance in every district. FEDERATION BULLETIN, 814-816 Unity Building, CHICAGO Seventy-five per cent of the truancy and juvenile Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. delinquency in the city has been caused by incom- petence, indifference and intemperate parents. The CHILD LABOR AND THE SCHOOLS . child labor law shuts children of premature working The agitation which is being aroused all over the age out of the factories, and punishes employers who violate it; the Juvenile Court and Parental United States in regard to child labor has an edu- School laws punish the habitual truant and delin- cational aspect that is generally lost sight of in its quent, but the compulsory education law is the only more general industrial interpretation. one that imposes a penalty on parents, and parents The child is usually regarded as an embryo work- are, in most instances, the real culprits that cause man or as a future citizen and the training neces- so many boys and girls to go wrong. The state, country, and city could build and expand juvenile sary to make him enter the one or the other is con- corrective institutions without end, and all of them sidered as an isolated portion of his development would be overcrowded with juvenile offenders in unrelated to a large extent with his future life. the future, as in the past, if nothing were done to Until a few years ago the child was regarded as strike at the root of the juvenile evil-the negligent something to be rarely seen and never heard. Then parent. The prosecution of the parents brings them he passed through a period of experimentation and to a realization of their duty to their children, and also proves a source of benefit to children paroled study and psychological dissection until the con- from corrective institutions . These children of cir- sciousness has arisen that he has his rightful place cumstances paroled back to environments from in all community life. which they came would sooner or later be likely to To-day the school and the workshop are entering violate their paroles, if indifferent parents did not into closer and closer competition for the youth or realize that the new compulsory education law held the child at that period in his development when he them responsible to assist in giving their children is first awakening to a consciousness of the possibili- a moral and educational uplift in life. ties of power lying within his grasp. It is this con- If permitted to run the streets the truant would sciousness or realization on the part of the child of develop into a delinquent, and in later years would himself that makes him eager to leave the school become an adult criminal-a menace to life, to so- and enter active life . ciety and property. Enforcement of the compul- With the stricter conformity of the compulsory sory education law means less crime in Chicago in the future. education and the child labor law and the raising of the minimum age limit at which children can The crusade against truancy in this city during engage in any gainful occupation, the higher grades the past year, made possible by new and better laws, of the schools will be taxed. It has already been has materially increased the average daily attend- shown that since the Illinois child labor law went ance at the schools. In May, 1903, before the com- into effect there has been an increased attendance in pulsory education and child labor law went into Chicago of 7,000 in one year. This law means two effect, the average daily attendance at the public more years of school life to the child in the city, schools were 207,377. In May, 1904, one year more teachers and more schools, and to the state an after the enactment and enforcement of these laws, ultimate saving in expense from premature decay the average daily attendance was 221,291, a gain of from overwork and disease among its citizens . 14,814. With deduction for increased enrollment a The school claims the child during its childhood marked gain in daily attendance is due largely to as the lawful agency through which a certain rudi- compulsory education laws, according to reports re- ceived by principals. mentary knowledge considered necessary to civiliza- tion may be obtained; it further considers that it CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION . has a duty toward the child in its later relation- ships with the world. And with this duty devolves The regular meeting of the Chicago Teachers a guardianship from all alien influences lasting Federation will be held at 412 Masonic Temple, through the child period of life, which the school October 14, 1905 ,at 10:30 a. m. is only beginning to realize. When the school Admission by membership card only. realizes that in allowing a half finished product The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teachers ' to be taken from its hands by an industrial power Federation will meet Tuesday, October 17, 1905, for purposes of inordinate gain the responsibility at 4:30 p. m., in Room 814, Unity Bldg. for the incompleteness of the product rests largely FLORENCE E. TENNERRY, with itself through not having asserted its guar- Cor. Secretary. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 5 FOUR SCORE YEARS . (Continued from page 3.) Though Justice is dethroned in the market place her reign in the universe is unshaken and unshak- Dedicated to Dr. A. W. King. able. Henry George has passed from the petty A full four-score of years has told judgment of his day into the secure possession of Its rosary of hours to-day, history which duly rights contemporary wrong and And one stands on the threshold now crowns the genuine king. The soul of our leader Who, looking backward o'er the way is marching on . The powers of thought unloosed by him have gathered strength and numbers, a host to be reckoned with by tyranny as the conflict Counts up the gifts the years have brought, grows . The gains and losses, joys and pains With our substantial cause for jubilation let there And knows that each was needed there As Nature needs sunshine and rain . be no compromising concessions, no ceasing to de- mand full and ultimate justice. We have to reaf- firm the grand declaration of "Progress and Pov- Looks backward o'er these eighty years erty, " "to beg no question, to shrink from no con- And sees what marvels have been wrought. clusion, but to follow truth wherever it may lead- Earth's secrets wrested from the depths, if the conclusions run counter to our prejudices, let Where they remained so long unsought. us not flinch ; if they challenge institutions that have been deemed wise and natural, let us not turn back. " How man has won from earth and air "If we trust Liberty and follow her," no evil can The secrets of that hidden power, befall us or our movement. But before even Lib- That since creation's dawn were meant, erty, Justice is essential and to that highest court of When he grew fit, to be man's dower. appeal known to humanity, "grander than Benev- olence, more august than Charity," we submit our In conq'ring these has learned his strength sacred contention. To work along that higher line, Whereon each brave and steadfast soul A WELL KEPT SECRET . Proves its kinship to the divine. So, evermore is gaining power How The Keeper Managed the Church and Town That strife, those with clear eyes can see, Hall Clocks. E'en with defeat and grief and pain, The old watchmaker of a small town in the west Shall soon or late set each soul free. of England recently retired, and the contract for keeping the church and town hall clocks in order And as for him who looks to-day was given to his successor. Unfortunately from Upon the changes time has wrought, the start the new man experienced a difficulty in Will he, think you, regretful say getting the clocks to strike at the same time. At That they have been too dearly bought ? last the district council requested an interview with the watchmaker. Ah! no. The lesson he has learned "You are not so successful with the clocks as That pain and sorrow, strife and blood your predecessor," he was told. " It is very mislead- Have helped to make the strong cement ing to have one clock strike three or four minutes Of every structure that has stood. after the other. Why, before you took them in hand we could hardly tell the two were striking. And we who know him know full well Surely you are as competent as Mr. H. " How he has helped the world along. "Every workman has his own methods, gentle- Such lives make us, above Earth's moan men," replied the watchmaker, "and mine ain't the Still hear its glad triumphal song. same as H.'s were ." "I'm decidedly of the opinion that it would be Facing life's battles with a smile, for the general good if they were," remarked one A sturdy soldier, strong and brave, of the councilors . When bruised and bleeding in the strife "Very well, sir ; in the future they shall be," came Stooping some weaker soul to save. the reply. " I happened to write to Mr. H. last week about the trouble I had with the clocks, and Because such men as he have been -but perhaps," he added as he produced a letter The bulwarks of our time and race, and handed it to the chairman, "you'd like to see We in our century's history what he said." Such glorious records now can trace. "Dear Sir (ran the letter)-About them clocks. When you get to know what a cantankerous lot of Standing to-day just at the door busybodies the council consists of you'll do the same Of a new year whose path's unknown as I did for fifteen years-forget to wind up the Go bravely on and trust to find striker of the town hall clock, and the silly owls Each pathway there with sunshine strewn . won't be able to tell that both clocks ain't striking together. "-Tit-Bits . May He who's guarded you thus far And who will guard you ever more Grant you in health and strength to pass Teacher-Robert, can you tell me where the Dec- Another century's open door. laration of Independence was signed ? FLORENCE E. TENNERRY . Robert-At the bottom, I suppose. 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. THE " KEEP-A- TRYIN' " SIGNBOARDS . AN ACCENTED SPEECH . It was in 1847, when the Free Soil state conven- Roy Farrell Greene . tion was held at Herkimer. There was a great gath- ering of Free Soil Democrats and abolitionists. In "My boy, " said Uncle Hiram, "you'll soon be start- the ballroom of the hotel-it was called a tavern in ing out, those days-before the opening of the convention To drive o'er Life's long roadway, and oft a bit of were gathered the leaders, who were constructing doubt the new party platform, slating the officers and Will puzzle you completely, as to which you'd best committees and doing other preliminary work. In pursue a chair tilted against the wall was Prince John Van Of branching ways, when roads fork out, as they're Buren running over the manuscript of the great inclined to do. speech he was to deliver. Occasionally he arrested Each bears the equal marks of well- worn travel, like the work of his associates with an invitation to lis- as not, And so , one's undecided which he'd better choose to ten to a paragraph which he considered especially trot; good. His readings each time produced laughter and applause. Finally he read a passage which ex- But I've learned the route, my boy, and thus much cited shouts of laughter and applause. When this I'll confess- had died away somebody said, "John, you ought The ' Keep a-tryin' ' signboards mark the highway to have that part printed in italics." Prince John to Success . affected surprise at the suggestion. "Gentlemen, " he said, " I want you to understand that this speech "Success is such a pretty town-to reach it all men is all italics ! " strive: You'll find the crowd, though, growing less, the HIGHER CHINESE EDUCATION . farther on you drive- For many, seeking shorter cuts through Dilly-dally Many of our people think of China as a land of Lane, ignorant coolies who are so inferior to ourselves as Get so far off the highway that they find it ne'er to rise scarcely to the plane of human beings. The again! fact is that China contains a greater number of You'll be allured, as on you go, by finger-posts that educated and cultivated people than any other say- country in the world. Their culture is not like ours, 'Take Chance's Road, past Waitingville, it's far the but it is based upon long study of literature, ethics better way ;' and philosophy, and it has been transmitted through But I this safer route would fain upon your mind many generations. The Chinese have not well impress- learned how to act together. Otherwise we should The 'Keep a-tryin' ' signboards mark the highway never have dared to treat them recklessly and un- to Success . fairly. Review of Reveiws. "The road that runs through Waitingville has pros- AN OLD TIMEPIECE . pects bright and fair, When first you start, but, farther on, it leads An interesting exhibit at the Smithsonian Institu- through swamps of Care , tion is an old German clock that was ticking about And, after that, you'll have to climb the weary hill fifteen years before the birth of the great American ofDebt; republic. It keeps good time and is 140 years old. Then, still beyond, there looms in view the tollgate It is made of hard wood and the work was all done ofRegret. by hand. Every piece of the mechanism is highly And so, my boy, when starting on the road of Life, polished, and it is put together with hand- wrought alone, rivets of brass. The parts show very little wear The road your Uncle Hiram chose I trust you'll and the timepiece is so carefully constructed that make your own , it does not vary a second in time during twenty-four And heed his plain directions, if you'd quite avoid hours. distress : The ' Keep a-tryin' ' signboards mark the highway A satisfying breakfast in the poor quarters of to Success . " -Success . London is made up of farthing's worths. Bill of fare: Bloater, quarterpenny ; margarine, quarter- NOT TUBERCULOSIS . penny : bread, quarterpenny ; coffee, quarterpenny. A certain widow who lives in New York state is Or for the bloater and margarine the hungrier may substitute a farthing rasher of bacon and a farthing very desirous of having her congressman use his kippered herring. For a dinner the diner may have influence in securing a pension for her. The member received a letter from this constitu- three ounces of steak or chop, costing a halfpenny. two potatoes tatoes at a farthing and a farthing's worth of ent several days ago, again calling attention to the bread. One can buy a farthing's worth of coal, but fact that she wants recognition. At the end of the letter there was this indignant paragraph : for that one gets only a pound of the worst quality of fuel, and the price works out at something like "I want you to know that my husband died of STO a ton. regular, old-fashioned consumption, contracted in the service. There is somebody writing to the Pen- sion Office trying to keep me from getting the pen- Train a boy in the way he should go, and he will sion, who says John died of tuberculosis."-Wash- depart from it in the days of his manhood.- ington Star. Sphinx. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 7 WHAT HE DIDN'T KNOW . CATALOGUE OF ECONOMIC LITERATURE . A retired Irish major sold his horses and car- There has just been issued by The Public Pub- riage and bought a motor-car; but instead of en- lishing company, First National Bank building, gaging a chauffeur he determined to send his faith- Chicago, the first edition of a descriptive catalogue ful old coachman to a Dublin firm of engineers for of the books it publishes and sells. This attractive a course of lessons in small repairs. pamphlet, with index to titles and authors, lists a "You will go through a two months ' training." remarkably interesting collection of books. They he explained to Pat, as he handed him a check for are books about which every man and woman who his expenses, "during which time you will make wishes to come in touch with the spirit of democ- yourself thoroughly familiar with the engine and all racy in the fundamental sense of that word, or de- its works ." sires real political and economic freedom, will be "Yes , sor, " was Pat's reply. glad to know. "You will note every wheel and crank, and learn The catalogue describes, with concise comment, what they are for and what they have to do, so the works of Henry George, often called the eco- that when you return you will be equal to any nomic torch-bearer and pathfinder of democracy, emergency . and books about him and his work: the works of " I will, sor, " said Pat, and, having stowed the Tolstoy, that marvelous novelist, humanitarian checks away down in his trousers pocket, he took philosopher and unique Christian, now recognized his departure. as first among living writers and the foremost citi- In two months ' time he returned with the con- zen of the world, and books about him ; the writings queror's look in his eye. of Walt Whitman, the great American poet of the "Well, Pat, have you succeeded ? " democratic spirit ; of Henry George, Jr.; of Louis " I have , sor. " F. Post, including back volumes of his weekly " And you know everything about a motor ?" review, " The Public" ; of Ernest Crosby, Bolton "I know all, sor, from the big lamp in front of Hall, Henry Demarest Lloyd, John P. Altgeld, the little number behind-except one thing, " the Clarence S. Darrow, Thomas E. Watson, Prof. new chauffeur added, as he nervously plucked a Frank Parsons, Edwin Markham, Lawson Purdy, few hairs from his new bearskin coat. William Jennings Bryan and others. There are "And what is it you don't know ? " demanded the books about Thomas Jefferson, his life and writ- major. ings ; about democracy, about government, both "Well, I don't quite understand yet what makes national and city ; about taxation, about public own- the blessed thing move without horses."-Tid-Bits . ership and operation of public utilities ; about municipal corruption, and about trusts and monop- "Where's your daughter Mary living now, Mrs. olies, including the Standard Oil company. There Murphy ?" inquired one of the neighbors . " The are novels and romances, biographies, histories, two of them is living in a suit uptown. " "What's poems, essays, sketches, addresses, letters, treatises , a suit ? " inquired the other. "A suit," said Mrs. and other kinds of books , every one of present-day Murphy, slowly, "is one o' thim places where the importance and interest. And 'all these books are parlor is in the bedroom, and the bedroom is in the lucidly described in the catalogue. The Public Publishing company is devoted entire- kitchen, and the closets is down in the cellar, and ly to the promulgation of the most important and the beds is piannys, or organs, and well, it's one o' inspiring literature relating to that real or funda- thim places where iverything is something else," mental democracy on which the welfare and prog- concluded Mrs. Murphy.-Justice . ress of humanity depend. This catalogue will be sent to any address on re- An Irishman who had been out of a job many quest, accompanied by a two-cent stamp. weeks found in the river that flowed through his town the body of the keeper of the rail- COLUMBUS' MISTAKE. road drawbridge. He immediately betook him- Teacher-Did Columbus know that he discovered self to the superintendent of the division and ap- a new continent ? plied for the vacant job, saying that he had seen Class-No , he thought it was India. the body of the former keeper in the river. " Sor- Teacher-Correct. Why did he think he had ry,' said the superintendent, briefly; "the place has found India ? been filled. We gave it to the man who saw him Bright Boy-I s'pose it was 'cause the inhab- fall in. " Harper's Weekly. itants was Indians . Rich Caller (who is making the round of the ten- "Johnnie," said his mother, who had been exam- ement districts )-Well, I must go now. Is there ining his school deportment report, " I am going to anything I can do for you, my good woman ? have your father whip you when he comes home The Other (of the submerged)-No, thank you, to-night. " mem. Ye mustn't mind it, mem, if I don't return "Please don't mamma," replied Johnnie, penitent- the call. I haven't any time to go slummin' meself. ly, "paw is allus so tired when he comes home." --Chicago Tribune. The Outsider-Be there much wurruk about a LOANS:BYATTEACHER political job , Mike ? At Live and Let Live Low Rates. The Insider-Not after yez get it, Pat.-Puck. "Now may the Summer of your discontent bo made glorious Autumn by a crumb of comfort." "You're not a pessimist, are you ?" L. A. , Care of Federation Bulle in, 814 Unity Building. "Oh, no. Merely an ex-optimist."-Puck, 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . Rothschild& Company We teachers, respectfully solicit the patronage ofschool principals, and all connected with educational work. Our facilities for meeting every demand for honest, high grade merchan- dise are exceptionally well adapted to your need. Our low prices are an added inducement for you to pay us a visit. Note convenient arrangement for promptly cashing all city and county checks, orders or certificates, without embarrassment or inconvenience. You are cordially invited to open a charge account with us. EDUCATIONAL A NEW EDITION OF FOUNDATIONS Professional Advancement OSSIAN H. LANG, Editor Course Ethics of Democracy By LOUIS F. POST Editor of THE PUBLIC Educational Foundations occupies a unique place among professional periodicals. Aiming to be neither a newspaper nor a journal of methods and devices, nor a You have done a great work, one that mere review of education, it has for fifteen years stead- will live a monument to a man with a great fastly adhered to its original plan of supplying broad, moral purpose, and the ability to put it into thoro, progressive, carefully planned courses of reading plain, simple words within the comprehension of the everyday man. The greatest accom- for teachers who are striving for solid and permanent success in their chosen life- work. In addition to the plishment in the work is that you have made most helpful surveys of the various departments of complicated problems simple and easy 10 understand. -TOM L. JOHNSON. pedagogy, this magazine supplies intensely interesting and profitable general culture courses. One superintendent writes: "Your magazine has opened Second Edition, with Portrait of the my eyes to the larger aspects of education, and my teach- ers and their pupils have been made the happier by my Author, 12mo, bound in rich blue cloth, awakening." A former country teacher writes : " I had lost courage and printed on high-grade, hand made paper, gilt intended to take up the study of law, when your magazine came to me and taught me that great work can be done in top, deckle edges, 398 pages, $2.00; by mail , education . I studied faithfully the contents of every issue and passed, with high standing, a principal's examination, $2.12. Descriptive circular on application . My present place pays double the salary I had a year ago." Send for catalogue of books and speci- Only $ 1.25 a Year men copies of THE PUBLIC the important SPECIAL RATES WILL BE MADE TO READING CLUBS literature of fundamental democracy. USING TEN OR MORE COPIES. A circular giving sugges- tions for the organization and conduct of such clubs both in city and country and outlines of ten courses with valu- able pedagogical books will be sent on application. Address UNITED EDUCATIONAL CO . The Public Publishing Company 61 East Ninth Street, New York First National Bank Building, Chicago Chicago Teachers' Federation Vol . IV. Bulletin 100 CHICAGO , OCTOBER 13, 1905. No. 35 . THE SCHOOL CHILD, THE SCHOOL NURSE only such food as could be prepared before leaving AND THE LOCAL SCHOOL BOARD . home. Sometimes the father cooks, or the children Elsie Clews Parsons . themselves fry the pork chops. Supper is served at irregular hours ; the children eat the heavy supper The good people of the city of New York were of the adults, the mother preparing it according to last winter set agog by a statement about the great the wants of her husband. In fact, as soon as the number of its underfed school children. Salvation child is weaned, it gets "everything on the table." Army breakfast and lunch stations were opened In one case a mother gave her baby whisky "to near some of the public schools. Kindly individuals make her strong." . sent out agents to canvass the sufferers and a com- I pass on to the statements of the English blue- mittee of the Board of Education was appointed book. In most cases tinned milk is the only expedi- to investigate. This sudden excitement were truly ent among the poor. * * * The vessel once opened a striking witness, if one were needed, of the per- is exposed to every kind of bacterial contamination, sistence of the fact that one-half the people don't and by the time it is exhausted all sorts of foul know how the other half live. Underfed was in- ingredients have been conveyed into the child's terpreted to mean unfed. Had it been taken to system. When tinned milk is not in use, highly di- mean badly fed a much quicker start to meet the luted and probably sour cow's milk in which groats situation would have been made. Happily, how- or bread have been soaked is employed instead. It ever, the start, however roundabout, is made. is needless to say that in such circumstances the It is an interesting coincidence that a start, or worst effects of malnutrition make themselves mani- rather a big new start-smaller local beginnings fest very soon, and the condition of the unfortunate seem to have occurred long ago was also made in child is not improved by the practice begun very England in the publication of the report of the early in its career of encouraging it to eat what- inter-departmental committee on physical deterio- ever may be included in its parents' dietary. * * * ration. Its account of the ill-nourished English Even when the milk supply is pure it may be ren- child I found to be almost identical with that which dered injurious by dirt in the house, the proximity any New Yorker familiar with tenement-house life of contaminating articles, the general ignorance, would give of our own unfortunate child. The in fact, that prevails as to how milk should be stored English committee's recommendations may there- and the conditions under which it is fit for use. fore be suggestive in America. *** The tea used is in its most dangerous form, Before discussing these recommendations, let us having been brewed in the morning and been al- glance at the conditions which led to them ; and lowed to stew throughout the day. An instance first of all I will quote from an as yet unpublished was given of a child who had died the victim of study of twenty-four New York tenement-house his parents' special kindness in this respect. The families. growing consumption of tinned foods and its co- incidence with the decrease of cookery at home Ill-cooked cereals, fried meats and pickles, canned press with excepțional severity on the young. Few vegetables, condensed milk, enter largely into the of the mothers in the poorer districts do much cook- dietary of the school children. There is an enor- mous consumption of tea by all members of the ing; tinned foods or bad fried fish are the alterna- tives ; and if the mother does do any cooking it is family. It is prepared in the morning and stands all only for the father, and the children have to eat day, hot water being poured from time to time over what he does. One witness described the regrets the tea leaves. It is dark and muddy and undoubt- edly poisonous. Coffee is also of the "long-stand- of the country holiday child for its "tasty" supper, ing" kind. The children drink vinegar because which on inquiry proved to vary between bloaters "sour things taste good." Milk is bought in tin and a half-penny saucer of pickles. It was the habit pails at four cents a quart. The cover is taken of parents to feed children off their own plates, off the pail and the milk is exposed. There is en- and this would ordinarily include raw herrings, tire ignorance about preserving the purity of milk. pickles, fried fish, and the like. "They live as we Sometimes the child goes to school without his do." According to one witness the three circum- breakfast, because the mother is not up in time or stances, want of food, irregularity, and unsuitability because he has overslept. Were he to wait for of food, were, taken together, the determining cause breakfast he would be late and "teacher" would of degeneracy in children. One of the London send him home. Sometimes a child buys candy and school inspectors estimated that 122,000 children, pickles for lunch to save the trouble of cooking. or 16 per cent of the elementary school population Or when the mother goes out to work the child has of London, were underfed. 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN . The inter-departmental committee did not stop the infant mortality rate. The English report states short with the question of nourishment. That was that infantile mortality in England "has not de- only one factor, although perhaps the most import- creased materially during the last twenty-five years , ant, in the neglect of children. "The fact of ignor- notwithstanding that the general death-rate has fal- ance and neglect on the part of parents is undis- *** len considerably." In congested parts of London puted. It is not, perhaps, easy to deter- this death-rate reaches 223 to 1,000 births . In one mine how much of this neglect springs from ignor- * * * district in Sheffield the rate was 234 and the report ance and how much from callousness ." adds: " There is no doubt that, in parts of the Overlaying is described as frequent and is the result country, during certain seasons of the year, such of carelessness or drunkenness, the cases generally rates are vastly exceeded. occurring between Friday night and Monday morn- The infant mortality rate for New York city * * * ing. The instances in which children are for the calendar year 1904 was, according to the left alone in a room with a fire unprotected by any statements of the Department of Health, 160. Un- guard are said to be very numerous. During the fortunately, however, the department does not keep years 1899 and 1900 inquests were held on the records according to districts, so that this figure bodies of 1,684 young children whose deaths had conveys no information in regard to the rate in the resulted from burning, and in 1,425 of these cases tenement-house population. the fire which*caused the accident was unprotected As Jevons once remarked, such an animal sacrifice * * by a guard. The lack of ventilation and as the English rates represent if the facts were ignorance of the value of keeping windows *** open known the New York rates would undoubtedly in- have a very deleterious effect on child-life. dicate the same sacrifice-is tantamount to the in- Clothing is badly fitted and insufficient. In many fanticide practices of savage man. Moreover, this households there is no such thing as a needle and modern method of checking population is much cotton and mothers made no attempt to mend their harder on civilized man, or rather woman, than childrens' clothes. Weight was their only criterion * * was the primitive method on primitive woman. The * of warmth. A very common and noxous savage infant is generally killed within the first practice is the habit of giving infants India-rubber minutes or hours of life if killed at all. In mod- nipples. It has the effect of causing contraction ern life the sickly or diseased life of the short-lived, of the roof of the mouth and the air passages at ill-fated infant is a severe drain upon both mother the base of the nose, which is prejudicial to proper and older children. This strikes us more forcibly breathing, and is also instrumental in introducing if less logically when we turn from the bare bones foul germs into the system by virtue of the dirt ac- * of statistics to individual cases. English witnesses ** cumulated. A great contributory cause stated as follows : In Dundee "it was quite a com- of physical deterioration is the fact that the chil- mon thing to find a woman who had as many as dren do not get enough sleep. They are habitually thirteen children, and had lost eleven or twelve out up until very late at night. This was attributed by of that number, in some cases the whole of them. " one witness more to parental carelessness than to In Sheffield " one woman I know has buried seven- the fact that the children would not go to sleep, teen out of eighteen children, another has had six- even if they were put to bed, by reason of the noise *** teen sons, of whom only six are living." Among a and overcrowding. Very little knowledge certain number of mothers questioned in Hanley is found among mothers of the slighter illnesses to and Longton, it appeared that thirty-eight per cent which children are prone, and precautionary meas- of the children born to them had died in infancy. ures are rarely taken until they have reached an ag- In Burnley one woman is said to have had twenty gravated stage . children and buried sixteen, all having died between Similar conditions in New York tenement-house one and eleven months of age. families are described in Family Monographs : In the records of Family Monographs we find "None of the children gets enough fresh air." that in one family of eight children "one was still- Sometimes an infant is taken out by an older sister born, one died a few minutes after birth, one died for " an airing" or the mother takes the child with at the age of fifteen months from a sunstroke her if she goes on an "errand ; " but there is no regu- while playing on the roof, one died at the age of larity about these outings. Nor do the children get five from the effects of burns, her dress having enough fresh air in their rooms. The mother is caught fire while she was playing near the kitchen usually afraid of opening the window ; and the bed- * stove, one is a hunchback from falling out of her * * room air is apt to be foul. Frequently seven-year- old sister's arms when she was fifteen the children are not sufficiently warmly clad. They months old, one is 'foolish' from falling down stairs play on the streets, or run errands with a thin shawl before she was a year old, and one has been very to keep them warm. In some cases underclothes delicate since infancy because of poisoning by lye are almost lacking or rarely washed. Both over (not to speak of subsequent 'home remedies,' and underwear are frequently torn and ragged. brandy, etc. ) swallowed when a year and a half The mother seldom does any regular sewing or old from a cup on the kitchen table." mending. When the clothes are worn out she buys The English committee does not confine its in- new. " They are cheaper than making them at quiry to the home conditions for which parents are home." *** "Mothers' delights are in constant directly responsible. It examines the general sub- use. *** The children rarely have a regular jects of the dearth of anthropometric and health bedtime. Sometimes they go to bed very late. * * * data, urbanization, overcrowding, housing, parks, Generally the physician is not called in until the pure food and milk supply, conditions of factory child is seriously ill. It is not at all uncommon to work and particularly the effects of factory work find a mother ignorant of the cause of her infant's on mothers and infants, the midwife system, alcohol- death. ism, insanity, syphilis, etc.; medical inspection of The statistical witness to the foregoing facts is school children, juvenile courts, etc.; and it pro CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 3 ceeds to make recommendations covering all these cleanliness, and is enjoined to give full directions subjects . We shall confine ourselves particularly, for securing the comfort and proper dieting, of *** however, to its recommendations on the care of mother and child during the lying-in period, children in their homes or of children deprived of a period of ten days after delivery." home care through parental culpability, for I take The committee notes with approval the work of these recommendations to be the really novel and the health visitors of the Public Health Society of significant part of this government report. Manchester. It was stated that the mothers "seemed These recommendations may be classified accord- to take it as quite reasonable that the medical of- ing to the object proposed as follows : 1, provision ficer of health should prescribe for them what they for children that can not be reached through their might and might not do, and to be impressed with parents because of the latters' absolute incapacity the fact that what their mothers did before them or incorrigibility; 2, training of actual parents ; 3 , would no longer be allowed to be their guide in training of potential parents. their treatment of their children." I-The committee recommended the establish- 3-The committee recommends the establishment ment of municipal creche wherever thought desir- of " continuation classes for domestic instruction * * * able because of employment of married women in at which the attendance of girls who have factories or of other reasons . It also recommended left school should be made obligatory twice a week the establishment of public nurseries for the chil- during certain months of the year. The courses of dren of persons who have proved themselves from instruction at such classes should cover every whatever cause incapable of independent existence, branch of domestic hygiene, including the prepara- and who are therefore to be segregated in state tion of food, the practice of household cleanliness, labor colonies. "With a view to the enforcement the tendance and feeding of young children, the of parental responsibility the object would be to proper requirements of a family as to clothing- make the parent a debtor to society on account of everything, in short, that would equip a young girl the child, with the liability, in default of his provid- for the duties of a housewife." ing the cost of a suitable maintenance, of being The committee suggests that the members of placed in a labor establishment under state super- these continuation classes might visit from time to vision until the debt is worked off ." time the municipal crêches referred to above and In view of the fact that a large number of chil- receive instruction in them on infant management. dren habitually attend school ill-fed, and in view It also recommends that physical exercise of a of the consensus of opinion submitted to the com- recreative character be included in the curriculum mittee that the time has come when the state should of such continuation classes as a means of adding realize the necessity of insuring adequate nourish- both to their value and their popularity. The com- ment to children in attendance at school, the com- mittee adds : " There is no reason why a judicious mittee concurs in the opinion of an earlier govern- discretion should not be permitted in the enforce- mental commission that "the preparation and cook- ment of compulsory attendance at such classes : ing of these (school) meals, where it is found neces- girls in domestic service, for example, might prop- sary to provide them, ought to be regarded as one erly be exempt, as the committee were informed of the charges incident to school management." that comfortable homes are, as a rule, to be found The committee reviews the means that have been among the working classes where the wives have adopted in various cities in England to meet this had the advantage of this training; factory opera- problem and concludes that the wisest plan, except tives are, on the other hand, said to make the worst for children that are especially " retarded" because wives , and to facilitate their attendance at such of undernourishment, is for the school authority classes some modification of the hours of work to supply and organize the machinery and private might be introduced." philanthropy to furnish the material. Retarded Compulsory continuation classes were also rec- children should be placed in special schools where ommended for boys in military drill and physical feeding would form an essential feature. In all exercise. cases parents should be made to feel responsible Bearing in mind that in England "charity" is to and held to account for the proper support of their a certain extent popularly associated with state children. "The committee deem that by these schools, and that in this country, on the other hand, means the community may be protected from the there is an extremely healthy sentiment against any consequences of the somewhat dangerous doctrine such association, together with a remarkable alert- that free meals are the necessary concomitant of ness to organize private associations for the public free education. " The committee also states that it good, there are, nevertheless, certain suggestions looks primarily to social education, i. e., the educa- in these recommendations which we New Yorkers tion of the parent, as the ultimate solution of the would do well to consider. * * * There is a need underfed child problem. of a far greater number of day nurseries in New 2-" Impressed with the enormous sacrifice of in- York. A day nursery should be found in the imme- fant life due to insufficient or improper feeding," diate neighborhood of every public primary school. the committee recommends the general issue to Although conducted as private enterprises, there mothers of leaflets on the rearing of babies. This should be in the eyes of the neighbors some rela- distribution of leaflets on the care of children is tion between them and the school. How this may already carried on by private societies in several be brought about we shall consider shortly. * * * places in England. The committee suggests that it Discussion of the labor colony scheme would take might also be done by the municipality. The com- us too far afield. A strict enforcement of the re- mittee also suggests that the enforcement of the cent family desertion legislation will be helpful in Midwife Act of 1902 will do much towards dissemi- this direction. As the framers of the act doubtless nating knowledge about the care of infants. By realized, there are a wretchedly large number of this act "every midwife is made responsible for the (Continued on page 6.) 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION policemen, disreputable conduct could be easily avoided, and would cost less than such a high fence BULLETIN around such a vast stretch of land. Official Organ of the Ch cago Teachers' Federation , If we must have fences, let them be around va- MARGARET A. HALEY, Editor cant lots that people try to make like parks . ESTHER TABER, Managing Editor Although I am a school boy, I hope you will Ent red at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, December 23, 1901. consider the above. Yours respectfully, LEWIS J. BERGMAN. THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the year. excepting the months of July and August, and the last week oἱ Ap. il and December, by the Chicago Teachers ' Federation. 1217 Garden Street, Hoboken, N. J. , THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is One Dollar per year. Single copies. Five Cents. September 29th, 1905. ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received by Tuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. To the Editor : ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to Sir.- Pursuant to a resolution adopted at the last th order of the FEDERATION BULLETIN, 814-816 Unity Building, CHICAGO meeting of the New Jersey State Teachers' asso- Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. ciation, a commission of inquiry has been appointed to study the whole question of teachers ' annuity and pension systems in the United States (with the A PROTEST AGAINST IRON FENCES AROUND view of strengthening our New Jersey plan) and OUR PARKS . to report at the December meeting of the associa- One of the greatest features of our park system tion. In connection with this study, the under- has been the evident freedom given to the people signed has undertaken to discover what has been by the inviting openness of it all. We recall the accomplished along these lines. It is intended to feeling of disappointment we experienced on a visit embody the findings of our commission in a report to Central Park, New York city, to find a high (which will be at the disposal of educators gener- iron fence barring our entrance, warning us not to ally) to be issued immediately after January Ist, enter, as it were, rather than receiving us with and which it is expected will cover everything that open arms and cordial, generous welcome. We has been achieved in this direction-whether state, felt, too, a sense of civic pride that our city had municipal, or mutual. We hope, also, to include a not done this thing, when lo ! we are threatened review of what has been done in Canada, Great with the same barriers, fearing some people will Britain, France and Germany. To make our in- persist in doing irregular, dishonorable things, and vestigation really thorough, we propose to study a few thieves will seek escape through our parks, the failures as carefully as the successes . or a few suicides will throw themselves in the On the questions involved, we wish to evoke the lagoon. Why must we all suffer for the mistakes broadest possible expression of opinion, and to of the few ? Why not place an abundant supply of this end we bespeak your kindly co-operation by arc lights in the many dark, sheltered places and giving space in your esteemed journal to this letter, add a force of twenty-five new officers for police our questionnaire, and the synopsis of the New protection? Jersey law . If a few people were arrested for breaking Your readers are earnestly requested to reply to through the beautiful shrubbery, the offense would the questionnaire, by query numbers; to ask ques- soon be done away with. We got rid of the spit- tions of us, to make suggestions. Correspondence ting nuisance in short order, when the chief detailed is cordially invited with any who are interested in officers enough to make it a most risky thing for the subject. the offender to even try it. Why not give the same With thanks in anticipation, I am, attention to the park offenders ? Nor does it seem Very sincerely, to us that the end desired will be attained by the ELIZABETH ALLEN , iron fence, for while the officers are attacking on Secretary of the Board of Trustees of the Teachers' one side the criminals may escape on the other, the Retirement Fund of the State of New Jersey. fence adding protection rather than taking it away. Questionnaire in Re Public School Teachers' Retirement Now the offenders run the chance of being discov- Annuity and Pension System, ered by civilians in the park. Should the fence 1. Do you believe in the principle of a retirement be raised they will be all the safer, for they will annuity or pension system for aged and invalided seek out places unfrequented by the people. public school teachers ? I hope every teacher will feel it her duty to be a 2. Will you kindly state, briefly, your reasons committee of one to protest in every possible way pro and con ? against this undesirable barrier. 3. Who, in your opinion, is the greater benefic- Fewer people will go to the park when entrance iary of a retirement annuity system that relieves the can only be gained at stated intervals, and the schools of teachers of impaired efficiency ? Is it appearance will be that of a prison ; it will give a the schools-i. e., the people, the state, the com- sense of loss of freedom which is now the greatest munity-or the teachers themselves ? Your reasons . beauty of our parks. 4. Should the pension fund be provided by the HARRIETTE TAYLOR TREADWELL. teachers , or the state, or the school district? In other words, ought the fund to be a charge upon 4556 Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Oct. 5, 1905. the teachers or upon the people at large ? Or South Park Commissioners : should it be contributed by both teachers and Gentlemen :-I, even as a little citizen of the people? south side, enjoy the freedom of the parks, to 5. Who should be eligible to membership in such which people can come and go when and how a fund ? ( This question does not mean "Who should thev please. be eligible to pension or annuity?" which matter is With the help of a few arc lights and some active dealt with under queries 8-15, but what superin CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 5 tendents, supervisors, teachers, teacher-clerks, etc. , New Jersey teachers were given a certain time to ought to be privileged to join the fund?) join on a salary deduction of one per cent; (2) At 6. Should membership in the fund be voluntary , present those who have taught not more than a or ought it to be compulsory on all teachers, includ- total of ten years may join for one per cent; (3) ing superintendents, assistant superintendents, Persons joining now who have served more than supervisors, principals, special teachers and teacher- ten and less than fifteen years must pay two per clerks? cent; (4) Those who have taught fifteen years or 7. What percentage of salary ought members to more must pass a satisfactory medical examination contribute? before they may join on the two per cent basis. 8. How should amount of annuity be regulated ? The law permits the fund to be augmented by do- What ought to be its amount ? Fixed by what nation, legacy, gift, bequest, device or otherwise. standards ? What minimum ? What maximum ? Annuities are half-pay (minimuma $250, maximum 9. On what conditions ought annuity to be $600; less one per cent reserved for the fund) , sub- granted ? For disability ? For age ? For period ject to a pro rata reduction if at any time there of teaching service ? For age and teaching service shall not be sufficient funds on hand to pay in full, combined ? etc. and are granted on disability after not less than 10. Should a minimum of service combined with twenty years' teaching in New Jersey. Before any mental or physical incapacity (to teach, to earn a annuity may be drawn, the beneficiary must have sufficient livelihood ?) be conditions precedent to re- paid into the fund an amount equal to at least 20 tirement on annuity ? per cent of one year's average salary for the last 11. Ought the rules to permit a teacher to be re- five years . Members whose applications for an- tired on annuity on his or her demand after a speci- nuity have been granted by the trustees may make fied term of service ? or at a certain age combined up the balance due in one payment. Any member with a certain term of service ? If so, what should who shall honorably resign from teaching in New these ages and terms of service be : Jersey, except as an annuitant, after contributing For men ? to the fund five years or more, may draw out one- For women ? half of the amount paid into the fund without inter- 12. Should retirement for age be compulsory ? est. If so, at what age, and conditioned on what term One hundred and nine annuities have been of service : granted ( 19 men and go women) , to whom have For men ? been paid benefits amounting to $93.754.00 ; while a For women ? net surplus of $85,000.00 has been accumulated, 13. Or, ought disability to be a condition in all which the teachers are trying to raise to $100,- cases ? 000.00 before January Ist. 14. Should retirement on annuity be voluntary or compulsory ? BOARD OF EDUCATION . 15. If in some cases voluntary, and in others Wednesday, October 11 , 1905. compulsory, name the circumstances that ought to The following reports were adopted : govern either method. That Clara Louise Baur, a teacher in the Goethe 16. Do you favor a retirement system (as in New school, be elected as head assistant at the Belding Jersey) applying to every public school teacher in school. the state ; or a system for teachers in certain cities, That John H. Stube be elected principal of the or cities of a certain class ? Thomas evening school. 17. If you favor the latter system, what pro- ELECT HARRIETTE T. TREADWELL PRINCIPAL OF vision is to be made for aged and invalided country THE WARREN SCHOOL. teachers ? How are the country schools to be re- That Harriette T. Treadwell, at present a teach- lieved of instructors who, by reason of age or in- er in the Forestville school, be elected to the posi- firmity, are no longer able to render efficient serv- tion of principal of the Warren school, to fill the ice? vacancy caused by the transfer of Patrick Haley Kindly answer the foregoing questions by num- to the Colman school, at the salary of the third ber, and send reply to (Miss) Elizabeth A. Allen, group, first year, $1,200.00 per annum. secretary, 1217 Garden street, Hoboken, N. J. As ASSIGNMENTS , AND TRANSFERS OF TEACHERS . ASSIGNMENTS . the period is brief in which our report must be prepared, an early compliance with our request Barber, Heman J. , Goethe ; Beattie, Annie J. , will be greatly appreciated. Burley ; Benson, Virginia B., Lafayette ; Burton, Lena. Belle, LaSalle ; Connor, Agnes, Clarke ; Cut- Main Feature of the New Jersey Public School Teachers' ler, Ida D., Lomensky ; Dillon, Grace W. , Pullman; Retirement Fund Law Enacted March 11th, 1896; Farr, Maude C., Monroe ; Fluke, Antha L., Pull- First Annuity Granted Dec. 3rd, 1897. man ; Forbes, Annie, LaSalle; Hall, Mabel P.. Title "The Board of Trustees of the Teachers ' Drunimond ; Hoenes, Louise E., Tilden ; Johnson, Retirement Fund." Administration-A board con- Effie E., Bancroft ; Kaufman, Minnie D. , Libby ; sisting of three members of the State Board of Kelley, Anna M., Thorp; Killeen, Margaret E., La- Education, the state superintendent, and three fayette ; Leutwein, Victoria, Gallistel; Lewis, Lil- teachers elected by the State Teachers' association . lian, Peabody; Miller, Janet, Gallistel ; O'Hearn , The state treasurer is, ex-officio, treasurer. Mem- Ella V., Jirka ; O'Malia, Isabella, Marsh; Parker, bership is voluntary for any superintendent, super- Kate M., Goodrich ; Purves, Hannah, Haven ; visor, principal, teacher or teacher-clerk in the Rauch , Clara, Brentano ; Rice, Ethel V. , Curtis ; public or state schools of New Jersey. Dues are Robinson , Agnes G., Henry ; Squiers, Mary P. , reserved from each salary payment and remitted Peabody ; Smith, Carrie R., Farragut ; Swiney, monthly to the state treasurer. They are ( 1 ) All Edna C., Schley; Vognild, Selma, Andersen. 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. TRANSFERS . for these charges in individual cases, and the super- Barry, Kathryn R., from Jirka to Whittier ; intendent, therefore, respectfully recommends that Brown, Elma R., from Tilden to Kenwood ; Butler, he be authorized to drop from the list of evening Mabel R. , from Clarke to Burr ; Clark, Mary F., school teachers, without regard to their record from Goethe to Brentano ; Connell, Julia E., from there, all persons whose record in the day schools Hartigan to Bass ; Davey, Katherine A., from Mon- has fallen below the mark of 80, which is consid- roe to Pullman ; DeYoung, Richard G. , from Thorp ered the lowest mark given to a good teacher. to Curtis; Dirschmidt, Elizabeth, from Logan to The superintendent recommends that he be au- Parental ; Duffy, Almira M., from Pullman to Wil- thorized to drop from the list of evening school lard ; Glavin, Emma, from Harrison to Smyth ; teachers, without regard to his or her record there, Henry, Marguerite, from Marsh to Taylor ; Howe, any teacher whose day school work, in the opinion Alice, from Gallistel to Fiske ; Koehne, Leona E., of the principal and district superintendent, is being from Libby to Park Manor; Laing, Lucy I., from injured by her work in the evening schools . Marquette to Yale Practice; Lodge, Anne L., from EMPLOYES . Kenwood to Emmet ; Marnell, Mary E., from Pick- ASSIGNMENTS . ard to Goudy ; McClelland, Alice E., from Spry to Joseph J. Shane, office boy; Lillian A. Smith, Pickard ; McDermott, Mary E., from Hammond to stenographer : Daniel J. Farelly, truant officer. Earle ; McKay, Margaret V. , from Bass to Auburn SUSPENSIONS . Park ; O'Sullivan, Minnie E., from Pullman to Sul- Michael Condon, engineer of the Wicker Park livan ; Potts, Catherine W., from Gallistel to Re- school, pending investigation by the trial committee. vere; Quealy, Margaret E., from Komensky to REINSTATEMENTS. Scammon ; Rhinesmith, Grace E., from Goodrich Patrick Love, janitor, Schiller school. to McPherson ; Richardson, May H., from Lafay- LEAVES OF ABSENCE . ette to Calhoun ; Rohrer, Marie A., from Henry to Mary A. Homer, janitress, Wm. Penn Nixon Irving Park; Rothschild, Clara, from Scammon to school ; Lawrence Vaughn, driver supply wagon . Jefferson; Schwartz, Gertrude E., from Sullivan to Forestville ; Yorks, Mary E. Davis, from Calhoun (Continued from page 3.) to Linne. fictitious " widders " in New York and perhaps a still TRANSFERS DEAF DEPARTMENT . larger number of wives and mothers who support Knox, Emma, from Hammond to Darwin ; Leu , by the most laborious and health-destructive work Barbara C., from Yale Practice to Froebel ; Newlee. their husbands and children. * * * One witness in Clara W. , from Beidler to Normal Practice ; Mc- the English investigation suggested the establish- Kee, Margaret V., from Yale Practice to Normal ment of self-supporting school restaurants in the Practice. vicinity of the schools where school children could KINDERGARTEN TRANSFERS . obtain at the lowest possible cost a hot and nourish- Bohn, Mary H. , from Walsh to Cooper ; Snyder, ing dinner. I should like to see such a scheme Edith E., from Coonley to Normal Practice. given a good trial in New York by private enter- UNASSIGNED LIST . prise. Such school restaurants, like the school nur- Allen, Grace H., Burr ; Bond, Clara G., Burley ; series, should be quite dissociated from "charity.' Brown, Daisy Dee, Mulligan (kdgn) ; MacDougal, By means of a ticket system, however, the children Lydia A. , Clay ; Schwarm, Kate, Whittier ; Sum- of temporarily destitute parents could, through mers , Cora, Bass ; Thompson, Alma A., Mark Sher- settlements or relief agencies or school nurses, get idan ; Thompson, Jane, Auburn Park; Thurston, free meals in these restaurants without the knowl- Henry W. , Normal. edge of either the restaurant manager or the pa- RESIGNATIONS . trons. *** Our Department of Health already Bellew, Eva C., Knickerbocker ; Devlin, Anne M., prints and distributes excellent leaflets on the feed-. Holden; Lait, Julia Alise, Burr ; Latham, Melva, ing of infants. In our local school district we are Normal Practice ; Lordon, Margaret H., Jefferson ; arranging for the distribution of these leaflets Sienank, Elsie F. , Earl ; Wentworth, Sarah Geer, through the school children, and this could be ad- Farragut. vantageously done throughout the schools. Simple CERTIFICATES AS PRINCIPALS IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS . leaflets on the general care of children, containing in particular dietaries for older children, might be Virginia Huguenin, Hannah L. Twohy. printed and distributed in the same way. They CERTIFICATES AS TEACHERS IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS . should, of course, be printed in different languages . Gertrude Caward, Elizabeth Wilson. Incidentally I should like to suggest that cook- ing classes for mothers might be arranged for in the Transfer James E. Welsh from the principalship late hours of the afternoon or in the evening in our of the Colman school to the principalship of the schools . I know of one such class and it seems Garfield school, and P. F. Haley from the principal- as if all the school kitchens might be used to the ship of the Warren school to the principalship of greatest advantage in this way. The suggestion in the Colman school. AUTHORITY TO DROP TEACHERS FROM THE regard to compulsory continuation classes for boys EVENING SCHOOLS WHOSE WORK IN DAY and girls, particularly girls, merits serious consider- SCHOOLS IS BEING INJURED BY ation by our Board of Education. Arrangement SUCH WORK. for the indispensable object lesson in such classes. The Superintendent of Schools reports that it i. c., the baby, the bedroom, or the kitchen, presents has been frequently charged that the teachers who the chief practical difficulty ; but this difficulty could are employed in both the day and the evening be overcome through co-operation with private as- schools neglect their day school work on account sociations, hospitals, nurseries, settlements, etc., in of the strain upon their energies. In the opinion different ways in different districts . Such an ar- of the superintendent, there is some justification rangement in the case of the nursery would also CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 7 have the advantage of giving the connection in workers, and religious or relief society visitors, as popular thought that we have already suggested well as that of the English witness whom we have was desirable between the public school and the cited, that the district nurse receives a welcome and private nursery. a hearing when all other means of reaching a run- There is a rather curious and unfortunate situ- down family fail. The state should take advantage of this disposition. ation in New York which these home-making The school nurse should be the state's most indis- classes would tend to better. In many parts of the pensable agent in keeping down its budget for its city boys and girls are club-crazy, so to speak. It foundling asylums, hospitals, departments of health, is not uncommon for a young person to attend a juvenile courts, truant schools and reformatories, club meeting or a dancing party every night of the etc. Furthermore, and perhaps this is her most im- week. Alienation from home life is the inevitable portant task, her advice would undoubtedly be result. An unattractive home cannot compete with heeded, to a certain extent at least, in families of the social settlement, or the church sociable, the the independent, charity-shunning, but ignorant " racket, " ball, etc. The most zealous partisans of type. the settlement idea must confess, I think, that the The school nurse should be the agent, too, of all settlement especially is a disintegrating factor in the private social betterment societies of a given home life, particularly in the case of the immigrant neighborhood. She should be in herself a clearing- family where the gulf between the two generations house of information for all the neighbors in regard is unusually broad and deep. to their opportunities. She should be a means of Throughout our discussion we have taken for eliminating much of the present overlapping and granted the desirability of co-operation between waste of energy that goes on in the present more or public and private agents of education, etc. As the less blind and futile tenement-house visiting, a sav- English committee states in a similar connection, ing of time and money to the societies and of tem- "the system has the advantage of linking individual per and self-respect to the unwilling visited. To be and philanthropic effort with municipal responsibil- able to do all this she must, of course, have some- ity, in a way that regularizes the one while energiz- thing more and perhaps something less than the ing the other, and appears to give to each its proper usual training of the professional nurse. She influence in dealing with social wrongs , at the same must have a special social training and she can dis- time tending to check the overlapping and misdirec- pense, perhaps, with part of the medical training. tion so often characteristic of purely charitable im- Her training should be just as long and as careful pulse. " As a matter of fact, very little co-operation as that which she receives at present ; but her cur- of this kind exists at present in New York. Nor is riculum should be somewhat changed. Could not the point of view necessary to insure it very gen- the School of Philanthropy and one of our train- eral. There are, I think, two agents in our existing school system who may be counted upon in this connection and who, given certain changes in the popular notion of their functions, might become A NEW EDITION OF very important agents in our school administration. I refer to the school nurse and the local school board. In 1902, at the suggestion of Miss Wald, head of the Nurses' Settlement, the New York depart- Ethics ofDemocracy By LOUIS F. POST ments of health and of education agreed to attach Editor of THE PUBLIC trained nurses to two or three of the schools to see to it that the orders of the "school doctor" were You have done a great work, one that will live a monument to a man with a great properly carried out, particularly in regard to con- moral purpose, and the ability to put it into tagious skin and eye diseases. At present every plain, simple words within the comprehension school is visited by the Board of Health nurse, and of the everyday man. The greatest accom- the nurse has begun to look after the child patient plishment in the work is that you have made outside as well as inside the school building. complicated problems simple and easy to understand. -TOM L. JOHNSON. Hitherto, however, her efforts in accordance with those of the school doctor have been more or less Second Edition , with Portrait of the confined to caring for the child in cases of con- tagious disease . Author, 12mo, bound in rich blue cloth, Why should not the functions of the school nurse print d on high-grade, hand made paper, gilt be enlarged? It seems to me that she may be a top, deckle edges, 398 pages, $2.00; by mail, potent means of solving the problem of the under- $2.12. Descriptive circular on application . fed or neglected child. To this end she should at- Send for catalogue of books and speci- tend to the physical, and as far as possible cultural, men copies of THE PUBLIC-the important needs of the child at home and she should include literature of fundamental democracy. the child below as well as the school age in her min- istrations. We are beginning to realize that the first five or six years ars of childhood are the most important period of education, understanding edu- cation in its large sense, i. e. , nurture. To fulfill The Public Publishing Company its educational purpose, therefore, education for citi- First National Bank Building, Chicago zenship, the state must begin its work of education at birth. It is the experience of all our settlement 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. ing schools for nurses, particularly the training ments themselves, the time has come for them to school of a maternity hospital, unite in planning entrust many of the tasks which they have been such a curriculum ? undertaking for the past ten years in New York In our local school boards I find another means city to the school organization of their neighbor- in this work of reaching and improving the home hood. conditions of the actual and potential school child. To take over the task of making their schools If the school nurse is to be the source of informa- neighborhood centers, the local school boards must, tion in regard to neighborhood needs and oppor- of course, consist of experienced and competent tunities, the local school board should be the pro- persons. If the importance of local school board moter of means of filling these needs and enlarging service were realized and if the appointing power- these opportunities. The chief work of the local at present the borough president-were held re- school board should be to make the school a true sponsible for his appointments, it would not be so neighborhood center. Through the school nurse, difficult to secure this service as it may at first and better still, through personal experience, the sight seem-From Charities of Sept. 23. members of the local school board should be thor- oughly familiar with the needs of its district, and CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION . should co-operate with public and private agencies for meeting these needs. It should be, so to speak, The regular meeting of the Chicago Teachers the executive committee of a village improvement Federation will be held at 412 Masonic Temple, society, the school district being the village. It October 14, 1905 ,at 10:30 a. m. should do much of the work for its neighborhood Admission by membership card only. that the social settlement does now because there The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teachers' is no one else to do it. Incidentally, let me remark Federation will meet Tuesday, October 17, 1905, that the social settlement has always seemed to me at 4:30 p. m., in Room 814, Unity Bldg. a makeshift, or perhaps it is more appreciative to FLORENCE E. TENNERRY , Cor. Secretary. say, an advance agent for social experiments. From this point of view it fills, of course, something more Bill had a billboard. Bill also had board bill. than a temporary need, but to fill it well it must The board bill bored Bill so that Bill sold the bill- always have a lead on organized social activities. In spite of delusions to the contrary, it is, and from board to pay his board bill. So, after Bill sold his its nature must be, an exotic in its neighborhood. bill board to pay his board bill, the board bill no Its first achievement should consist in making the longer bored Bill. -Yale Expositor. organized social life fuller and richer, not in usurp- ing the functions of existing neighborhood institu- The rainbow is always in the distance. Don't tions. I believe that, thanks largely to the settle- neglect the present by chasing after the future. Rothschild& Company Weteachers, respectfully solicit the patronage of school principals, and all connected with educational work. Our facilities for meeting every demand for honest, high grade merchan- dise are exceptionally well adapted to your need. Our low prices are an added inducement for you to pay us a visit. Take advantage of our special arrangement for promptly cashing all city and county checks, without embarrassment or inconvenience. You are cordially invited to open a charge account with us. Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin 100 Vol. IV. CHICAGO , OCTOBER 20, 1905. No. 36. NEEDS OF CHICAGO . sixty-eight policemen in Chicago to every hundred miles of streets, while in New York there are 304, Speech of Mayor Dunne at Commercial Club Banquet in Philadelphia 151, in St. Louis 128, in Boston 186, Oct. 7, 1905. in Baltimore 79, in Cleveland 126, in Buffalo 118, in San Francisco 89, and in Pittsburg 106 ? Chi- "Chicago, in my judgment, is the greatest city of cago should have at least 1,000 additional police- America, not in population nor in wealth, but in men to police the city properly. energy, activity, and vitalized ambition in both com- "Ought you reasonably to expect to have as ef- mercial and economic directions . It is the nerve center of America from which pulsates and throbs ficient fire protection in the city of Chicago as you would have in a city like New York, where they the advanced thought and energy of the American spend $1.57 per capita, or in Philadelphia where people. It is a city of palaces and of hovels, a city they spend 90 cents, or in St. Louis where they of churches and of charnel houses, a city of million- spend $1.41 , or in Boston where they spend $2.21 , aires and mendicants, into which have poured the or in Cleveland where they spend $1.47, or in Balti- children of every race and clime upon earth, and more where they spend $1.74, or in San Francisco it has been rapidly assimilating all classes of people where they spend $2.74, or in Buffalo where they into good American citizenship. It is the theater spend $1.47, or in Pittsburg where they spend of political action. It is the center of political $1.58 ? You know that it is unreasonable and that economic thought. It is a city of courage and de- it cannot be expected. termination. SANITATION AND HEALTH, CITY'S INCOME TOO SMALL. "Have the citizens of Chicago the right to expect "Chicago suffers from an economic standpoint in that its sanitary department could be managed ef- many vital particulars. We suffer sorely from an ficiently and properly when the appropriation made inadequate revenue to improve our streets, to police per capita is 8 cents per annum, while New York our city, and to give efficient fire and sanitary pro- spends 34 cents, Philadelphia 25 cents, St. Louis tection to our citizens, and in general to run the 24 cents, Boston 32 cents, Baltimore 18 cents, municipal government properly. Let me call your Cleveland 18 cents, Buffalo, 10 cents, San Fran- attention to a few figures to substantiate this state- cisco 27 cents, and Pittsburg $1.02 ? And yet, ment. strange to relate, the death rate in Chicago is the "In the past we have been unable to raise suf- lowest of any of the ten great cities in the United ficient revenue to run the municipal government States. properly. This is shown by the fact that the total "The crying need of Chicago at the present time debt per capita for the city of Chicago is a little is for an adequate revenue to enable it to have an over $28, while that of New York is $143, of Phila- efficient police force, an efficient fire department delphia $42, of St. Louis $39, of Boston $148, of and well equipped bureau of health, an efficient de- Baltimore $75, of Cleveland $53, of Buffalo $51 . partment of public works, and a general adequate and of Pittsburg $76.. Of the ten largest cities in equipment of its other departments. This lack of the United States the total debt per capita in Chi- revenue arises from two causes-first, the limita- cago is less than that of any, except San Francisco. tion upon our bond issuing power, and, secondly, TAXES LOWER THAN ELSEWHERE . from the fact that, for some reason or other, much "The general property tax per capita in Chicago of our property escapes taxation. in 1904 was $9.32, while that of New York was "Chicago needs greater revenue equitably dis- $19.36 ; of Philadelphia, $13.37; of St. Louis, tributed over its property owning citizenship. $13.88 ; of Boston, $28.01 ; of Baltimore, $11.16 ; of PRIVATE USE OF PUBLIC PROPERTY. Cleveland, $12.49; of Buffalo, $11.48 ; of San Fran- "And yet, while Chicago has a much smaller reve- cisco, $13.12, and of Pittsburg, $15.20. In other nue than any of the other great cities of the United words, the general property tax of Chicago is less States and while it is crippled financially, a large than that of any other of the ten largest cities in amount of public property is being used by private the United States. Is it at all surprising that, with persons and corporations without compensation to such scanty revenue in the past and at present, the either the city or the state, and when a demand is city of Chicago presents comparatively unclean and made by the city authorities to collect for the use dilapidated streets to the strangers within our gates. of such public property from private persons or cor- "Ought you reasonably to expect the police force porations, an outcry is raised by the parties inter- of the city to protect your lives and property ade- ested as though an act of injustice was being per- quately when you are informed that there are only petrated. 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. "The use of public property by private persons "Let us all work for the growth of the city's and corporations without compensation has gone on trade and commerce, for the equal enforcement of in this city so long and so extensively that these the laws, for good government, and for the preser- private persons and corporations have reached the vation of the republican institutions in our city by conclusion that they have the right by prescription obedience to the will of the people, as expressed at to continue that abuse forever. the, polls. Thus will Chicago become really and "Public property, the rental value of which an- truly great." nually would reach probably into the hundred thou- sands, has been and is now being used by private EXTENT OF EDUCATION . individuals and corporations without remuneration to the public. Chicago demands that this inequit- The grand passion of the people of the United able, unfair, and unjust use of public property with- States is for education, not money. With them the out compensation shall cease . educational microbe has done its perfect work. In SHOULD OBEY WILL OF THE PEOPLE . their efforts for mental training Americans lead the "There is another need of Chicago to which I world. The latest official and trustworthy figures, might advert. If Chicago is to be really great it the only ones, in fact, are furnished by the United must become morally and ethically great as well as States Bureau of Education. Its last report deals commercially great. Not only should its citizens with the school year of 1902-1903. When the re- be willing to pay for the use of public property port was closed the total, to be exact, was 18,- when they utilize it, and be compelled to pay for it 187,918 . if they are unwilling to do so, but the will of the But even that vast total does not take in all the people as expressed at the ballot box should be Americans who are striving eagerly to improve binding upon the conscience of the public. Our their mental condition, some of them with every legislature has wisely enacted a law permitting the ounce of energy they have left after doing their people to express their wishes upon questions of day's work each twenty- four hours. great public interest at the ballot box. In so doing For, entirely outside the 18,000,000, entirely un- the legislature recognizes that this is a republic and noticed by the statisticians, come the students en- that the will of the people is supreme. rolled for instruction by the famous Chautauqua "A true republic is that in which all citizens university, the 30,000 who are regularly taking the have the right to be heard in the enactment of laws Y. M. C. A. courses, and the students of the corre- and the shaping of the policies of the government. spondence schools, whose subscribers number thou- In republics of small population this can be done in sands. general councils of the people, which all the people Uncle Sam's Educational Problem . may attend and at which they may record their votes. But in a great republic, such as ours, it is a This country alone, of all the countries in the physical impossibility for all the people to assemble world, has manfully attacked, and for its own pres- and vote in person. ervation much accomplish, the herculean task of EXPRESSED AT BALLOT вох . operating constantly educational mills at such mag- "Our legislature, therefore, patterning after the nitude that they can accommodate 18,000,000 pupils republic of Switzerland, has devised a wise and and students from almost every race on earth. honest method under which the people can express The pupils of the " common" primary schools, in- their views, not in conventions but at the ballot cluding the city evening schools, make up 15,750,000 box. And when the people have so expressed them- of the grand total of between 18,000,000 and 19,- selves at the ballot box, it should be the duty of all 000,000 composing the American school army, as good citizens to bow to the will of the people and shown in the latest educational reports. These 15,- carry out their behests in their city councils. 750,000 are put through our educational mills with- " If Chicago would become really great, it must out the cost of a penny to themselves for tuition, become morally great enough to recognize that the and in many states for books, even ; each com- will of the people as expressed at the ballot box munity paying the cost of its own schools in the must be obeyed until that will is changed or modi- main, the federal government educating only about fied. So I say to you, gentlemen, that, to make 29,000 Indians, in round numbers, and 2,500 Chicago the greatest city in the land, we must not primary pupils in Alaska. only encourage trade within its gates, and trade Now, what about the other millions in the edu- towards its gates, but we must also provide for a cational army ? Well, rather more than 1,000,000 revenue adequate to carry on its government ef- are swallowed up by those primary schools that are ficiently, and secure just and fair distribution of supported by private means. taxation, but, in addition, recognize the binding A Million for Higher Education. force of the public will as expressed at the ballot box. All these things must and will come, and it Broadly speaking, considerably more than 1,000,- is our duty, as citizens who love this city and heart- ooo of all the students who go to school in the ily hope for its future continued development and United States are intent on some degree of the prosperity, to wish that that time shall come as higher education. This is one in every eighty of speedily as possible. the whole population (allowing that the 76,000,000 "That man that would retard the commercial of 1900 have grown to 80,000,000 in 1905) , by all growth of Chicago or fail to forward it, is a poor odds a larger proportion than can be shown in the citizen. That man who would hamper it in the high schools, preparatory schools, colleges, univer- collection of its honest demands for revenue sities, and professional schools of any other nation equally distributed is a bad citizen, and he who now or ever in history dwelling on the crust of the would thwart the will of the people, as expressed earth. at the polls, or attempt to thwart it, is a dangerous Not to imitate the pages of a gazetteer too closely, citizen. here are the exact figures showing how this army CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 3 of higher educational students, in America itself SELF-GOVERNMENT IN THE PUBLIC larger than the the army of Japan in Manchooria, SCHOOL . was divided up when the latest official figures were made: Organized self-government of children by chil- High schools, academies, and preparatory dren for children, is in successful operation in many departments (608,412 being public high school students) 776,635 of the schools of New York, Philadelphia, and other Universities and colleges proper......... 125,834 localities. It ought to be introduced everywhere, Professional schools (law, medicine, divin- for it has solved the problem of municipal politics, ity, etc. ) 61,871 and has vindicated the wisdom of representative Normal schools .. 64,114 government, irrespective of sex. Like the system Total.. ..... 1,028,454 of "juvenile courts," as a substitute for ordinary That part of life covering the eleven years begin- police supervision, it has proved its superior ef- ning with the age of 15 and ending with 25 may ficiency, and has come to stay. properly be considered the "college age," and, The first trial of the new system was made in a roughly speaking, the number of persons included disorderly school of more than 2,000 pupils in in these ages in the United States when the last one of the suburbs of New York. The whole dis- census was taken was 15,000,000. Extending the cipline of the school was placed in the hands of college age limit for those who may linger over professional and post-graduate studies to 27, the the children themselves. They elect a mayor and total would be about 18,000,000. Besides the mil- council. Their teachers are present at the meetings lion and more students in these high schools, col- of the council, and retain ultimate authority, but leges, and professional schools, there are about rarely exercise it. Formerly the constant presence 150,000 young men and women ( 137,979 in 1903 ) of policemen was required on the playgrounds. attending business schools, and more than 50,000 Within a week, with the right and responsibility of studying art, music, and other subjects in miscel- governing themselves, the school became orderly laneous schools-a total, say, of 200,000 in round and law-abiding. numbers who are training themselves solely to earn In these miniature republics of boys and girls, a living and without the slightest pretentions to any governing themselves and each other by universal aim at scholarship. suffrage, holding their own courts, making and An Army of Teachers. enforcing their own laws, no special legislative or private interest has any chance. There is no graft, More than half a million men and women from no boodle, no collusion between their police and college presidents down to plain schoolma'ams and wrong-doers . schoolmasters are kept busy as teachers throughout President Roosevelt has commended the teaching the school year. The public school teachers alone of civics by this admirable plan. Many eminent numbered 449,287 in 1903-enough to people a city educators give it their enthusiastic approval. But like Buffalo and have sufficient overflow to make a if children, without distinction of sex, have thus city as large as St. Joseph, Mo. demonstrated their ability to carry on government, Everything in America, say the critics of Amer- how long will it be before the same principle will ica, must ultimately be figured down to the basis of be applied to all citizens, men and women, with the dollar. It is in order, then, to say that the total similar beneficent results ?-Henry B. Blackwell in cost of carrying on the public schools in the country Woman's Journal. is more than a quarter of a billion a year (almost exactly that in 1903) , and that the yearly expense of running the colleges and universities is rather AN OBJECT LESSON . more than one-tenth as much-rising above $27,- 000,000 in 1903. The yearly expense of carrying The Georgia Legislature has again refused to on all the other schools in the country has not been give any protection to the tiny children in the cot- computed. ton mills . Little girls and boys of five and six But there is no doubt that the total is a good deal more than $300,000,000, a sum so big that the years old may still be legally worked for eleven wealth of a Rockefeller even would quickly melt if hours, and all night through if it pays the mill- it were put to the test of meeting it as a yearly pay- owner to work night shifts. ment. The women of Georgia have labored earnestly Including the students in the professional schools , for years to secure a child labor law, but the women and the faculties as well as the students in the col- have no votes. Is it likely that the legislators would leges and universities, the division of the population have proved so deaf to the request of thousands of which may here he lumped as college students num- women, if those women had represented thousands bered about 187,000 when the last educational re- of votes ? It was a Georgia lady who said, several port was got out. At the opening of the college years ago, when this bill had been voted down, that semester this fall it must number more than 200,000, the Georgia Legislature seemed to be in league with or, to make a military comparison, only a few thou- the Woman Suffrage Association to convince the sand less than the entire military force of Great women that they needed the ballot. Britain and Ireland in time of peace. Georgia's child labor law is considered the best The United States leads in number of colleges in the United States, and it is worthy of note that and universities as well as students, there being children cannot be worked to death with impunity more than 600 in this country, as against less than in any state when women vote. ALICE STONE BLACKWELL. 100 all told in Great Britain, Germany, and France. 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. • CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION eradicating the evils following graft and greed for party power. BULLETIN Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, The Chicago Teachers' Federation works in MARGARET A. HALEY, ESTHER TABER, Editor Managing Editor every way to promote the welfare and freedom of Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, the teacher to-day, that the children may be brave, December 23, 1901. fearless, noble and true to-morrow. THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the year. excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of This we do not achieve save slowly, for we, our- April and December, by the Chicago Teachers' Federation. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is One Dollar per year. Single selves, are not free. copies. Five Cents. ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received by Tuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. We believe that teachers ought to have large ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to the order of the responsibility in the working of a school system, FEDERATION BULLETIN, 814-816 Unity Building, CHICAGO that the subject of text books, trials of accused Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. teachers and many other matters of school adminis- tration ought to be the subject of the freest discus- MEETING OF THE FEDERATION OF THE sion, and that the judgment of the teachers should ILLINOIS FEDERATION OF WOMEN'S be esteemed as vital on these subjects. CLUBS , SATURDAY, OCTOBER 14, 1905 . We believe that every teacher should make her- self the most cultivated, noble, broad woman pos- The First District Federation held a meeting sible, that our country may be the richer thereby. Saturday afternoon, October 14th, at the rooms of the Klio club. The vice president of the First Dis- We have been greatly criticised by our friends, the estimable news gatherers, for what we have trict, Mrs. Catharine Story Westfall, presided. It NOT done as a general rule. We have to read the was decided to invite the Illinois Federation of papers to find out the blackness of our motives, a Women's Clubs, now meeting in Joliet, to hold their blackness never conceived of by us. We are sur- next meeting in Chicago. prised at our new selves born in the newspapers so astonishingly. The District was reminded that under the consti- tution of the Illinois Federation of Women's Clubs We could be a dead body of teachers if we would. the First District would elect a vice president at the Then there would be nothing said against us. The dead are left in peace. But so long as we have Joliet meeting. power to think and strength to do we shall struggle The Chicago Teachers' Federation was represent- on toward the light that we see in to-morrow, al- 1 ways just ahead, yet we know that surely " to-mor- ed at the District meeting by its president, Mrs. row" will mean "to-day." Harriette Taylor Treadwell, who, in speaking to HARRIETTE TAYLOR TREADWELL. the members of the First District, said in part as follows : To the First District Meeting of the Illinois State “HE GIVETH HIS BELOVED SLEEP. " Federation of Women's Clubs : July 21, 1905 . Ladies : The Chicago Teachers' Federation, numbering thousands in its membership, is possibly Eleanor F. Cushing of the George Howland, and the largest organized body of grade teachers in the formerly a member of the Goodrich school faculty, world, banded together for the promotion and wel- died on the twenty-first of July. The tears and de- fare of all the teachers of the city, and of all the votion of her pupils attested their love for a teacher teachers in our country as well. whose nobility of character had inspired them with a love for noble things. We believe in true and pure democratic principles -not such as obtain under the name of democracy Miss Cushing's simple, dignified manner had a -as administered by party power and prej- like effect upon pupil and friend, that of winning the love and admiration of each. Her woman's udice, but the democracy that means government soul seemed clear as crystal, exquisite and strong. of the people, by the people and for the people. If to use one of her favorite quotations-"To live Never have these prepositions "of," "by" and "for" in hearts we leave behind us, is not to die," then she meant more to any body in the world than they do will always live ! to us to-day, us the teachers of the Chicago public To those who loved her, her whole life and her schools, who are striving to make thinking, honest manner of meeting that one, unconquerable foe, men and women out of the growing little ones en- will be an inspiration, teaching them how to live, trusted to our care. In order to teach freedom, we and how, bravely, to die ! must ourselves feel free that we may better know "Of all the thoughts of God that are the powers and duties which must fall upon these Borne inward into souls afar, young shoulders. Along the Psalmist's music deep, Now tell me, if there any is, I believe, if we were all voters, we would better For gift or grace, surpassing this- understand political needs and be a great help in He giveth His beloved sleep.' CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 5 HEADS UP! CENTRAL AMERICA-QUATEMALA. Educational Methods. Don't kick and whine Just get in line Consul-General Winslow, in describing methods With fellows who've grit and pluck; of education in Guatemala, says : Don't frown and scowl, The educational methods employed in the Repub- Look glum and growl, lic of Guatemala are quite primitive, but there are Stop prating about ill luck. few villages in the country where there are no schools. In the city of Guatemala of late much at- Lift up your head, tention has been given to education, under the di- rection of President Manuel Estrada Cabrera, who Don't seem half dead, Stop wearing a wrinkled face, has done more along this line than any of his pred- Give smiling hope ecessors . There are in the city of Guatemala 25 Sufficient scope, public schools, 8 institutes and 3 colleges . During the last few months President Estrada And joys will come apace. Cabrera has given much attention to his pet scheme Out on the man of establishing an industrial school for boys and Whose little span girls at his own personal expense, aided by sev- Is full of grief and gloom, eral of the more progressive citizens of Guatemala city, where the most improved methods of instruc- Always dreary, tion are to be employed. The president has en- Never cheery, From trundle bed to tomb. gaged two able educators from the United States, and proposes everything shall be up to date. The Boys' Industrial College is in charge of Give me the chap, Prof. Y. C. Pilgrim, a well-known educator of New Who, whate'er may hap, Jersey, assisted by Prof. Bellingham and wife, who Looks up, and is cheerful still, have charge of the languages, and Prof. Lorenzo Who meets a brunt de Clairmont, who instructs in gymnastics and mili- With a smiling front, tary tactics. These are assisted by several native And nerve, and vim, and will. teachers. The boys are selected from the best fam- -Jay Bee. ilies in the Republic and are limited to 50, and are all required to live in the dormitory. The college BROOKLYN SCHOOL TEACHERS WIN SUIT. buildings are situated in a tract of land of about 60 acres, convenient to the city, with a campus where Judge Gaynor in the Supreme Court at Brooklyn the boys are to be instructed in the modern sports on Oct. 17 gave judgment to 3,334 Brooklyn and military tactics as taught at West Point, and school teachers in a suit they had brought against all orders are to be given in the English language. The Girls' Industrial School is in charge of Miss the board of education and New York City to re- Alice Dufour, a prominent educator of New York cover back salaries due under what is known as City, assisted by several native instructors. This the Pettingill schedule. A sum approximating institution is located in the city and is to be con- $2,000,000 is involved in the litigation. The in- ducted on the same high plan as the boys' college. crease sued for was granted just before the Greater The idea is to teach the principles on which the New York consolidation and the hitch in payment American home is founded . resulted in the merging of the borough boards. President Estrada Cabrera means these institu- tions shall be the nucleus around which a solid and up-to-date system of education shall be built Our patriotism must realize that the good of one for this Republic. It is his ambition to firmly estab- life comes only out of the fullness of all life ; that lish an educational system modified after that in no power is safe which reposes solely upon the use in the United States, where the watchword shall weakness of another; that no liberty is safe which be industry, promptness and honesty. depends upon the slavery of another ; that no knowledge is safe or sound which bases itself upon EDUCATION IN KONGO FREE STATE , the ignorance of another ; and that no wealth has reached the fullness of its distinction and its hap- The government has established school colonies, piness which depends for its existence solely upon managed by Belgian Sisters of Charity, where the the poverty of others.-Edgar Gardner Murphy. scholars acquire a practical, solid, professional train- ing. From these institutions the government has acquired the services of capable employees, fore- men and non-commissioned officers for the public CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION. force, the name by which the army of the Kongo The regular meeting of the Chicago Teachers' Free State is known. The Belgians in 1885 had Federation will be held at 412 Masonic Temple, only 3 missions and 6 missionaries in the state. To- November 10, 1905. at 10:30 a. m. day they possess 59 permanent missions and 29 traveling missions, attended by 384 missionaries and Admission by membership card only. Sisters of Charity. There are 528 chapel farms, The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teachers' 113 churches and chapels, 523 lecture halls, 3 in- Federation will meet Tuesday, October 31, 1905, termediary schools, 75 primary schools and 449 ele- at 4:30 p. m., in Room 814, Unity Bldg. mentary schools. In the latter the natives them- FLORENCE E. TENNERRY, selves teach reading and writing. There are7 7 poor Cor. Secretary. asylums, 71 Christian villages and 73,382 converted 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . Christians . The schools are meeting with success, system that prepares the boys and girls, better sit- and it is stated that the young Kongolese learn with uated, to become their rivals in seeking situations, ease and rapidity, speak French well and are apt for says : high education. Many go to Belgium, where, if "I quite agree that we should provide facilities they become acclimatized, which, it must be borne for the training of superior intellects, but one has in mind, is not always the case, they follow various to consider what is to become of the enormous num- callings with a certain degree of success. ber of boys and girls who are being educated to a pitch which qualifies them to occupy positions which it is utterly impossible for a large proportion COMMERCIAL SCHOOLS . of them to obtain. There are scores of young men being turned out of the universities even, who, with Value of Elementary Education Questioned. all their excellent qualifications, are compelled to The Birmingham (England) Post is very much accept inferior situations at absurdly low salaries in doubt as to whether modern methods of educa- in order to earn a living at all. If we are produc- tion are not responsible to a large degree for the ing men who are qualified for high positions which development of what it calls " a discontented race." they can never hope to fill, then we are creating a The enormous increase in expenditures for public race of dissatisfied men, and a discontented people education is a question, the Post says, that calls is a serious danger to the state." for careful consideration on the part of those in- Public Instruction in Handicrafts. terested in the most successful development of so- Consul-General Guenther reports that the com- cial and economic conditions. It says : missioner of education of Mannheim spoke on the "They have been multiplied to keep pace with the importance of national development and the benefits repeated introduction of new subjects, many of of giving instruction in handicrafts to boys at the which were never conceived of as part of a public public schools. He said that within the last few elementary education when the education act came years the number of participants in this class of in- into operation, and which it is alleged are now struction in Mannheim increased from 80 to 1,280. imposing such a strain both on the resources of the The conditions of the Empire require the teaching schools and on the intelligence of the child as of handicrafts, for a staff of skilled workers and seriously to threaten the efficiency of our educa- artisans is only possible under such a system, and tional system. Each subject in itself may be good these will improve Germany's industrial products. even as part of the curriculum of a public ele- The eyes, hands and muscles must be trained at mentary school-though that is a point that is by an early age. no means generally conceded-but the question that Another delegate, Dr. Pabst, the director of the has arisen in the minds of many head teachers who seminary at Leipzig, speaking of the handicrafts in are struggling to maintain the efficiency of the in- the schools of the United States, said that handi- stitutions of which they have charge, is whether a craft instruction forms the actual basis of Amer- somewhat exaggerated importance is not being at- ican education, thus explaining the predominance tached to fads by the more advanced educationists, of technics in the economic life of America. as a result of which there is a serious danger of im- "Technicaal training in the United States," he pairing the thoroughness of the school training in said, "begins at a stage where ours ends. Instead what are regarded as the essentials to a sound ele- of the useless ballast of mental knowledge received mentary education." by German boys, they should get practical instruc- Thoroughness Sacrificed. tion; otherwise America will push us to the wall, The Post places the responsibility for changes for the United States has emancipated itself from in elementary education, the value of which it ques- German machine tools. Ere long other countries will follow suit." tions. While it approves of manual labor, car- pentry, cooking, etc., even for boys who may want In the matter of machine tools, it is a notorious to serve as cooks on boats, laundry, dairy and house- fact that the Germans of late years have vastly hold work for girls, it doubts the wisdom of adding improved their manufacturing ability by using a long list of other studies such as are seldom, if American machine tools and reorganizing their ever, used by the lads and lasses in later life. Fault works on the American system. is found with the breaks in school work caused by the introduction of new lines. While saying noth- On coming home from church on Sunday ing for a return to the three R's, enough is said to Archie's mother asked him how he liked it, and satisfy even a superficial reader that the Post does Archie said it was fine. not favor all the new departures from the old sys- "What do you like most in the church ?" asked tem. It says they cause a sacrifice of thorough- the mother. ness . Too little time is given to any one subject to "Well, the best part is where they pass around secure anything like a mastery of it. Parties in- the money," and, turning to his father, said : "How terested in so-called higher education " are, by their much did you get ? I got a dime."-Independent. desire to convert the public elementary schools into nurseries of the universities, robbing elemen- tary education of much of its commercial value. TO TEACHERS When it is pointed out that only a very small per- centage can ever enter the universities or even high LOANS BY A TEACHER At Live and Let Live Low Rates. schools, the system appears to be anything but what is best." "Now may the Summer of your discontent be made glorious Autumn by a crumb of comfort" A leading educator of Birmingham, after point- L. A. , Care of Federation Bulletin, 814 Unity Building. ing out the disadvantages to poor children under a CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 7 A HOMELY CRITICISM. Some years ago Philips Brooks was recovering "Uncle Joe Cannon is sometimes too homely and from an illness, and was denying himself to all direct and harsh in his comments," said a young visitors, when Robert Ingersoll called. The bishop received him at once. "I appreciate this very journalist. " I was not at all pleased with the re- mark he made to me while I was speaking at the X much," said Mr. Ingersoll, "but why do you see banquet. me when you deny yourself to your friends ? " "Of course, I am not an experienced speaker. I "It is this way," said the bishop; " I feel confi- can't rattle off words like the veterans of the senate dent of seeing my friends in the next world, but and house. I admit that I began my address in a this may be my last chance of seeing you. "- Argonaut . faltering way. I began, if I remember : " 'Gentlemen, my opinion is that the generality of mankind in general is disposed to take advantage " "Your bookkeeper seems to be a bright young woman ." of the generality of - "Here Uncle Joe interrupted me. "Yes, but she has some very eccentric ideas." " Sit down, son,' he said. 'You are coming out "Yes ?" of the same hole you went in at.' " "Yes. She enters our messenger boy's wages as 'running expenses.' "-Philadelphia Press. When the late Dr. Bartlett of Woburn was pen- sion examiner under the Cleveland administration President-About this man who asks for a situa- he was one day examining witnesses. He asked one tion as bookkeeper. Is he competent ? of them: "Terrence McCartey, do you swear that Director-They tell me he never was known to you know the applicant, Michael Murphy, who has make a mistake in his books. made application for an increase of pension ?" "That settles it. A man who's as expert as that "You may well say that I do," said Terrence. is not to be trusted."-Boston Transcript. "Me and him were shot in the same leg at An- tietam."-Boston Herald. "You say the magazine editor wouldn't accept A school commissioner was trying to elicit the your poem?" name of the weapon with which Samson killed the "No ; I think it was too good." Philistines. The children were dense. "What is "Too good?" this ?" he suggested laying his hand on his cheek. "Yes; I think he was afraid it would distract They caught on in a moment. "The jawbone of an attention from the advertising pages."-Philadel- ass, sir. " phia Ledger. The Poetic Drama Bureau of A series of thirteen lectures under the auspices of the University Lecture Association THURSDAYS, 4:15 P. M. NOV. 2 FEB. 15 Industrial Information MUSIC HALL, FINE ARTS BUILDING 203 Michigan Avenue A Place Where You Can Find Out NOVEMBER 2-"The Art of Acting, versus the Art of Talking," by Mr. Richard Mansfield. Note-Mr. Mansfield's lecture will be given at three o'clock. What You Want to Know. Dramatic Recitals By Professor S. H. Clark Information department - Industrial NOVEMBER 9-Stephen Phillips' "Ulysses." NOVEMBER 16-Stephen Phillips' " Paolo and Francesca, " news supplied to students, writers, ministers NOVEMBER 23-Browning's "Blot in the Scutcheon." The Drama of To-day and teachers. Articles, reports , statistics and By Doctor Richard Burton reference work. DECEMBER 7-" Realism on the Stage." DECEMBER 14-" The Drama of Problems." DECEMBER 21-" The Drama of Ideals. Club department-Research work, bibli- Racial Aspects of the World's Great Dramas ographies on current topics. Subjects and By Mr. William Norman Guthrie JANUARY 11-"The Wheel of Life," illustrated from Hindu Drama. quotations looked up. Outlines for papers JANUARY 18-" Fate and the Gods," illustrated from Hellenic Drama. JANUARY 25- "The Prodigious Individual," illustrated from Spanish and English Drama. made. FEBRUARY 1-"In the Bonds of Convention," illustrated from French Drama . A weekly list of articles on education, classi- FEBRUARY 8-" The Atoning Sentiment," illustrated from German Drama. FEBRUARY 15-" The Rights of the Soul, " illustrated from Scandi- fied under topics of service to the teacher and navian and Russian Drama. the educational student. Season and course ticket sale opens in Room 703 Fine Arts Building 203 Michigan Avenue, October 21st. Single ticket sale opens at Box Address , Office, Fine Arts Building . October 26th. Teachers in the city schools may secure season or course tickets at twenty- five per cent less than the following rates: Bureau of Industrial Information Season tickets, thirteen lectures, $4.00 Not Reserved Reserved $6.00 Course tickets, any ten lectures, 3.50 5.00 Course tickets, any six lectures, 2.50 3.50 815 Unity Bldg. Chicago, III. Single admission, .50 .75 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. A NEW EDITION OF The Harison Line Illustrations For Ancient History Note Books Ethics of Democracy By LOUIS F. POST 1,000 ILLUSTRATIONS PREHISTORIC TIMES - Assyria Chaldea - Egypt With maps of Ancient Egypt and Assyria. 145 ill. Editor of THE PUBLIC Greece- Military, 27 ill. Sports, 23 ill. Medicine, Fu- neral Customs. 20 1ll. Edu- You have done a great work, one that cation, Games, etc. , 21 ill. will live a monument to a man with a great Occupations of Women. 14 ill. Shops, etc.. 12 ill. Industries, moral purpose, and the ability to put it into 16 ill. Social Customs. Mar- plain, simple words within the comprehension riages, etc. , 10 ill. Theatre, 41 ill. Male and Female Cos- of the everyday man. The greatest accom- tumes, 60 ill. Coins of An- plishment in the work is that you have made cient Greek Cities, complicated problems simple and easy to 213 ill. understand. -TOM L. JOHNSON. Greece and Rome - Armour, 74 ill. Ornaments, Furniture, Uten- Second Edition, with Portrait of the sils, 170 ill. Spec- ial set, 17 ill. Author, 12mo, bound in rich blue cloth, Rome -Myth and Fable , 16 ill . printed on high-grade, hand made paper, gilt Sports, 18 ill. Caes- ar, etc. , 17 ill. Cos- top, deckle edges , 398 pages, $2.00; by mail, tumes Male and Female, 86 ill. $2.12. Descriptive circular on application. Full teacher's refer- Send for catalogue of books and speci- ence set in cloth binder from which men copies of THE PUBLIC-the important different sets maybe removed. Price literature of fundamental democracy. $3.00 Students' Manual Notebook Illustrations for Ancient, Mediaeval and Modern His- tory, with sample set of Illustrations, 10 cents. The Public Publishing Company First National Bank Building, Chicago Bureau of Industrial Information 129 Dearborn St., Room 6, CHICAGO Rothschild&Company Weteachers, respectfully solicit the patronage ofschool principals, and all connected with educational work. Our facilities for meeting every demand for honest, high grade merchan- dise are exceptionally well adapted to your need. Our low prices are an added inducement for you to pay us a visit. Take advantage of our special arrangement for promptly cashing all city and county checks, without embarrassment or inconvenience. You are cordially invited to open a charge account with us. Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin 100 Vol . IV. CHICAGO , OCTOBER 27, 1905. No. 37. SHALL THE UNIVERSITY BECOME A BUSINESS ing which no teacher and no officer may invade. The faculty elect their own officers. When a new CORPORATION . member of the faculty is to be elected he is nomi- By Henry S. Pritchett . nated by the faculty, and freedom of teaching is guaranteed to him in the noble words of the Ger- The American university, whether supported by man constitution : "Die Wissenschaft und ihre private gift or by the state, is conducted under an Lehre sind frei ;" Science and its teaching are administrative system which approximates closer free. And that freedom is sometimes carried to and closer as time goes on to that of a business cor- a length which we in this country would consider poration. The administrative power is lodged in a impossible. For example, it is not an unknown small body of trustees or regents, who are not mem- thing for a university professor to stand in his bers of the university community. Their chiei place in the national parliament and attack the edu- point of contact with the university (that is, with cational policy and the educational appropriations its teachers, students, and alumni) is through the of the ministry.. How long would a professor in president, whose power is often autocratic. a state university hold his place if as a member of In other countries, as in Germany for example, the state legislature he opposed the appropriations the university, so far as its internal control and ad- to his own university ? ministration is concerned, is a free association of A similar freedom of learning is offered to the teachers and scholars. Its chief executive officer student. He may choose not only what he will is elected by the faculty itself from their own num- study, but also when and how he will study ; and ber. The question of the choice or the dismissal of most important of all, he may have his choice, even professors is not brought before any outside body. in the same university, of the professors under The faculty and students together form a self-gov- whom he will study a given subject. There is no erning democracy, and an officer with the auto- more interesting sight at the beginning of the sem- cratic power of an American college president esters in the German university than the "lecture would seem to them intolerable. It is an interesting tasting" for ten days, when the students try this fact that in Germany, a country which is politically professor and that, to see whom they prefer. And governed by an autocrat, the representative insti- the fact that the students' fees go to the professors, tution of learning is a republic, while in America, not to the institution, brings about in Germany a where we pride ourselves on our democracy, our competition between men rather than between in- representative educational institution is adminis- stitutions . tered upon autocratic, not upon democratic lines. That this freedom, whether on the part of the For the sake of clearness let us sketch briefly professors or the students, has its dangers no one the two systems of administration. The European can deny, least of all the German. He frankly ad- university must always be considered from two mits that there is no theory, however absurd, which standpoints, first that of a state establishment, sec- cannot find its advocate amongst German profes- ond as a self-governing body of scholars. As a sors. He will as frankly admit that the student state institution the university is under the control freedom carries with it great dangers to the stu- of the ministry, which furnishes the budget, keeps dent himself. account of the finances, and conducts the routine His reply is that all freedom carries with it its business connected with the financial side of the dangers, its sacrifices, its losses, but that only in institution . As an institution of learning, however, freedom is to be found the self-control and stead- its fundamental idea is freedom : freedom of teach- fastness of character which the student must some- ing, freedom of learning. The teacher has a free- where find. The abuses of this freedom and the dom which no officer or student may invade ; the losses which come from it are the price paid, in his student, on the other hand, has a freedom of learn- judgment, for this power and this self-control, 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . In comparison with this administration, whose pressure of his superior officers-a pressure which watchword is freedom, the American university has he can equalize only by a similar exercise of au- tended more and more to conform in its adminis- thority upon those beneath him so the professor tration to the methods of the business corporation. is under the pressure of the administrative system In the organization of a railroad the government in which he works. It is fair to say that much of consists of a president and a small board of di- the difference in productive scholarship between rectors, who choose officers, promote or dismiss German and American universities is due to the them, and determine the absolute policy of the cor- fact that so large a share of the energy of the poration. The administration of the university has American professors is by our administrative sys- assumed practically the same type. The board of tem devoted to the work of detail, not to the work trustees, even in our older colleges and universities, of scholarship. is chosen almost entirely from business men and A part of this burden is the load which the pro- on the basis of business experience. It is no longer fessor carries in the effort required to take through considered necessary that the president should be a given course and to graduate a number of men a scholar. The board of trustees, with the presi- who are indifferent or below the average capacity. dent as its chief executive officer, passes upon the America is among the few civilized nations which entire policy and administration of the institution. undertake in their higher institutions of learning to It appoints professors, promotes them, or dismisses graduate whole classes of men who are indifferent them, it engages them to carry out specific pieces to the scholar's life and to the scholarly spirit. The of work at specified times, as a business corporation burden which this entails is a far greater one than employs its officials ; the tenure of office of the most men realize. It is not too much to say that professor is at the will of the corporation, as is from six to twelve per cent of the entire school the tenure of office of a business employee. Under year is devoted to examinations whose main pur- this arrangement the powers of the president are pose is to spur on the laggard and the indifferent. enormously increased, and the action of the cor- Furthermore, while our machinery of administra- poration is in nearly all cases his action. He pos- tion holds the student to certain forms of responsi- sesses an autocratic power which would not for a bility, these have little to do with cultivating the moment be tolerated in a European institution. taste, still less the thirst of the scholar. Success for From him the same administrative system reaches the student means adaptation to the machinery and consequent graduation; success for the insti- down through the institution. Professors employ their assistants for specific duties at specified times ; tution means the same thing, but this success has students are required to undertake specific work in little to do with scholarship. The temptations of a prescribed way and at a fixed time. A large the student life are as great as in the Scotch or share of the energy of the organization is given to in the German university, while the tendencies ascertaining whether the work has been done at which make toward good scholarship, and the pres- such times and in such way as the regulations pre- tige which goes with it are wanting. Our adminis- scribe. Reaching from the corporation and the tration puts us somewhere between the freedom of the German university and the tutelage of Oxford president down to the student just admitted, the and Cambridge, lacking the inspiration of the one administration is one which partakes in its nature and the individual oversight of the other . and in its operation of the methods and oftentimes The administrative development of the university of the spirit of the business corporation. It has the compactness and the directness of responsi- along the lines of a corporation has had, also, a bility which the business organization carries with marked influence in increasing the tendency to- ward self- centredness on the part of our educational it. Its machinery is complete in prescribing for each officer and for each student his specific duty, institutions, and in diminishing at the same time the importance and the influence of the individual and in bringing to bear upon him the power of the organization if he fails to carry out the implied teacher. Here, as in all our American life, organ- ization has tended toward team play. The very contract under which he is employed or the implied conditions under which he is admitted. The watch- fixity of our administrative system has brought it to pass that the great teacher is used with far less word is no longer freedom, but accountability to the administration. effect than in the more individualistic regime of the It is worth while to note some of the conse- European institutions. There a great scholar at- quences of this administrative attitude upon the tracts men from all parts of the country, and the life and upon the work of those who make up the administration of the university makes it easy for university. One of the most direct consequences is him to come in contact with large numbers of stu- that the professor in the American university is dents. A man chooses his college in America, not charged not only with the work of a scholar, but for the sake of the great teacher, but because the with a large amount of routine administrative work college has a name, or has certain associations, or as well. Just as the railroad official is under the perchance is well known in athletics, All these CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . 3 considerations tend toward local pride, not toward so strong a place that he may teach what he will a wider tolerance and a more sincere appreciation and no authority may remove him or humiliate him. of truth. They are evidences of a more complete And on the whole, it may be fairly reckoned that a system in which the administration rests partly machinery, but not necessarily of a deeper scholar- on the teacher and partly on the outside administra- ship or a larger intellectual life or a better training tive officer contains influences which are calculated for citizenship. to correct the faults of each. To sum up the difference between the administra- It is not my purpose in making this comparison tive systems of European and American universi- to urge the adoption in our American universities ties, the essential contrasts between the two seem of the foreign system. Let us learn all we may from our neighbors, as the Japanese show us so well to be these : the one is democratic, the other auto- how to do, but let us grow our own tree. My cratic; in the one the tendencies are toward in- wish is rather to call attention to the tendencies of dividualistic power and influence, in the other the the system under which we are developing. If our tendencies are toward centralized power ; the one organization and administration is the better, by all has for its watchword freedom-freedom for the means let us follow it; but let us see clearly whither it leads us, and let us ask ourselves frankly teacher, freedom for the student-the other has the question whether a centralized administration for its watchword responsibility to the administra- modeled on the lines of a business corporation is tion ; one invites students to study, the other or- the one best adapted to the development of an in- ganizes them for graduation. stitution of learning. In this brief sketch I do not mean to be under- Would the American university-whether a pri- vate or a state institution-be bettered if its ad- stood as painting in terms too glowing the ten- ministration were turned over to the faculty instead dencies of the foreign institutions, or as wishing in of being vested, as now, in a board of trustees who any way to conceal their faults and their shortcom- do not pretend to be experts in educational meth- ings, which are evident enough. I am speaking ods ? Would it be a step forward, for example, to not of details, but of certain broad tendencies in the intrust to the faculty the election of the president and of the professors, and to put into their hands foreign institutions and in ours. the settlement of the larger questions of policy and Moreover, complete intellectual freedom is im- of expenditure ? Ought the university freedom to possible where political freedom is limited. It is be extended through the faculty to the student body not without significance that the great historians so as to diminish the pressure of the organization and to enlarge the sphere of freedom both for pro- in Germany in the last half century are historians fessor and student ? Can scholarship of a high or- of the past, not of modern days. No historian in der be developed under pressure ? Are we educat- Germany would treat of the Hohenzollerns with ing our youth away from democratic ideals, not the freedom with which our historians treat of the toward them, by the form and tendency of our Civil war. university administration ? These are fundamental questions. They take There is a catch phrase in Germany that a pro- hold in the end of the causes which affect our na- fessor may say anything he wishes about religion, tional life and of the threads of influence which but he must be careful about politics. To-day reach most directly our youth. certain reactionary tendencies threaten academic I think it may be said with certainty that a radi- freedom even in religious investigation. A strong cal change of this sort would work harm, not only at the beginning, but in the outcome. Administra- effort is making in Prussia to compel the professors tion of experts by experts is seldom a success. of theology to adapt their teaching to the creed and Perhaps no type of man has been developed who is policy of the state church. On this field a battle a wiser councilor than the business man of large royal is to be fought in the near future, but no one sympathy and of real interest in intellectual prob- who has watched the development of German in- lems, although such men are almost as difficult to find as are great teachers. tellectual freedom can doubt its issue. American college professors are as intelligent Notwithstanding these evident defects the sys- and high-minded a body of men as any country tem as a whole-the university as a republic of can point to. As a rule, however, the professor scholars-has worked well. It has resulted, in the does not have the experience of give and take which the business man must learn. In his own main, in the choice of the right men for the right subject in his own university, he is supreme. No places, which is the real object of university ad- rising privat-docent, as in Germany, attracts his ministration. The personal tendencies of the fac- students from him. Competition under our sys- ulty have been held in check by the fact that their tem is between institutions, not between men. nominations must stand the scrutiny of the ministry, Further, the organization of the faculties is not and on the other hand, the absolutism of the min- such as to furnish any large initiative in education. Conservatism has an undue advantage when a istry has been restrained by the necessity of taking question of policy or of appointment is to be de- into consideration the judgment of the faculty. No termined by the votes of a hundred men. system has yet been devised by which the prejudices To throw into our faculties as now organized the of human nature can be eliminated. There is much settlement of such questions would seem to open to be said for a system under which a professor has (Continued on page 5.) CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION the people and to the Spirit of Truth for any devia- BULLETIN tion from the highest known standard of life. If we must fight, let us fight, only let us do it with the Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, same spirit of justice and faith in our ideal that has MARGARET A. HALEY, Editor ESTHER TABER. Managing Editor inspired every true American since the nation was Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, conceived and brought forth in suffering to a higher December 23, 1901. liberty and a greater toleration. THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of MRS . HARRIETTE TAYLOR TREADWELL. April and December, by the Chicago Teachers ' Federation. THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is One Dollar per year. Single copies, Five Cents. ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received PRINCIPAL by Tuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to of the the order of the FEDERATION BULLETIN, 814-816 Unity Building, CHICAGO JOSEPH WARREN SCHOOL . Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. It becomes my pleasant duty to record the pro- motion of one of the members of the Federation to THE UNIVERSITY AND THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS the principalship of the Joseph Warren, formerly The university tends more and more to dominate Stony Island Avenue school. the public schools, and its influence is to be com- Mrs. Treadwell is one of the members whose bated or fostered according to the degree in which membership dates back to the early days of the it helps to develop the spirit of American life-de- Federation when the general unfamiliarity of the mocracy. members with parliamentary proceedure furnished According to some authorities American universi- the ever-watchful newspaper reporter with inter- ties are growing in just the opposite direction, esting material for his " story" which he ofttimes through their administrative functions they have emphasized by exaggeration. evolved an autocracy rivaling that of a Louis XIV, She first became prominent in the Federation based on the one-man power. when it organized its opposition to what was pop- Business corporations in this country are learn- ularly known as the " Harper Bill" in 1898 and dur- ing the lesson that an administrative system involv- ing the months when the Federation was struggling ing great interests cannot safely be entrusted to for self-expression her counsel was always con- the sole guidance of any one man no matter what structive and earnest. his natural force or ability. Mrs. Treadwell has always maintained a deep The people of the United States are learning interest in all that touched the schools and took an that two distinct systems, one of government and one of business, cannot exist side by side-the active part in the successful efforts made by the Federation to secure additional revenue for them. man at the polls will not believe one thing for the few moments he is in the booth and then go out When the Federation decided to affiliate with the and live his daily working life believing another Chicago Federation of Labor in 1902 she was one thing. of the most earnest and forceful advocates of the The great body of the people believe in repre- measure and has served as delegate to that body. sentative government ; the great majority of the In March, 1905, when Miss Kilbourn, the presi- public school teachers believe in the representative dent who filled out Miss Rowe's unexpired term administration of school affairs. They even go far- and in addition held the office for two full years, ther, they say that if this country is to maintain the retired, Mrs. Treadwell was elected to the presi- high ideal and standard of its powers the public dency of the Federation, an office which she has school which belongs to the people must conform to filled with credit to herself and satisfaction to its the ideal of the people, which is democracy. members, who at the last regular meeting felici- The natural position for the university in a na- tated their president on the promotion to which tion's educational program is that of leader or she was so justly entitled and for which she is pointer out of the way and as the consummation of eminently well qualified, having held a principal's all that has gone before. A child rising from grade certificate for the last ten years . to grade through the public schools and learning The Federation congratulates the Principals' As- there the first meanings of democracy should find in sociation on its new member, the Joseph Warren the university the interpreter of those ideals to life school on its new principal and the Warren teachers through the medium of true scholarly appreciation on their new friend and co-worker. which gives the wider tolerance and the sincerer CATHARINE GOGGIN, purpose. The lust of gold and the importance of numbers have blinded us to the real meaning of education. CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION. Industrial expansion and unprecedented business opportunities have had their effect on the national The regular meeting of the Chicago Teachers' consciousness of good and evil, and every road and Federation will be held at 412 Masonic Temple, by-path of our life feels the effect of this new November 10, 1905. at 10:30 a. m. growth. Admission by membership card only. Those who have taken upon themselves the re- The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teachers ' sponsibilities of teachers, whether in the university Federation will meet Tuesday, October 31, 1905, or the kindergarten, have no excuse for shutting at 4:30 p. m., in Room 814, Unity Bldg. their eyes to the tendency of the times, for knowl- FLORENCE E. TENNERRY, Cor. Secretary. edge is theirs, and they are doubly responsible to CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 3 (Continued from page 3.) doubt that he would be a wiser councilor for edu- cation if he could hear first hand the views of de- the door for the entrance of a system of academic voted, intelligent scholars. On the other hand, will politics which would be demoralizing. Local ten- not the scholar profit equally by such contact, and dencies would probably be exaggerated, and the is there any surer way to widen his horizon and to inbreeding, which is so noticeable a feature of all give him the experience which ripens judgment than our institutions, might be increased. to offer him a share in the responsibility of settling Further, it can hardly be maintained that the these larger questions, while relieving him at the sense of responsibility of American youth is over- same time of part of the pressure of the daily rou- developed, and one would hesitate to weaken this tine? In a word, recognition of scholarship in the by a larger freedom from responsibility unless he choice of a president, an adjustment of duties which felt absolutely sure that the conditions of such shall relieve the pressure upon the professor and freedom lent themselves to the upbuilding of self- student, a better contact between the governing control, of simplicity of character, and of scholarly body and the teaching of body, with a common spirit. responsibility in the settlement of the larger ques- tions, seem to me distinct and practical steps in the In fact, any such comparison of our universities direction of development which the university ad- with the foreign institutions brings us sharply back ministration ought to study. to the realization of the fact that the two are not comparable. We are not in a position to try the For one must not forget in considering the ad- experiment of the free scholastic life until the body ministration of a university that there are to every of students entering the university has received a form of administration two sides, the mechanical training more thorough and better adapted to and the spiritual. The mechanical part of adminis- arouse the scholar's interest than that which the or- tration is that which provides the machinery neces- dinary college student has. sary to carry out a given enterprise. The other side And yet any serious student of education must of administration, the spiritual side, consists in get- realize that this is no answer to the queries which ting out of men the best there is in them. For a I have just stated. The question is not whether we set of perfect men any administrative system would can change this or that detail of university life, but suffice. Good administration consists in taking men it is rather this : our present tendency is toward a as they are, with their prejudices, their faults, their virtues, and in getting out of them the highest re- close organization, toward a limited freedom, toward team play, which carries through to gradua- sults of which they are capable. tion great masses of men, toward a centralized gov- Now, our attention has been given of late years , ernment. Would it be wise to counteract these in American university life, increasingly to the me- tendencies by influences in the administration which chanical side of administration, and the machinery shall make toward individualistic scholarship, larger has been made to approximate more and more close- freedom, less pressure in the organization, oppor- ly, both in form and in its choice of executive offi- tunity for professors and students to deal with the cers , to the practice of the business corporation. Its larger questions of university life, co-operation be- very closeness and compactness of organization are tween the faculty and the administrative board in in some respects its chief faults. That which is the government ? mechanical is always simpler than that which is liv- I believe thoroughly that these questions are real ing. To-day we need, in my judgment, to concern ones and important ones, and that the sooner we ourselves in the university with the spiritual side of administration. have them clearly and definitely before our eyes the better it will be for university development in this It has been my purpose rather to state questions country. However important it may be to have a than to argue them ; not to propose a substitute for man of affairs at the head of university administra- our present administration of the university, but tion, it seems to me clear that the first requisites are rather to point out certain tendencies in it. To in- a scholarly spirit and scholarly sympathy. How- quire whether, if the republic be the ideal system of ever we may admit that team work is a part of the administration, it is not also a good one for the regime of the day, it is surely true that the use of scholar, and to ask, at least in these days when the principle is very different in an institution of events move so rapidly, whether the administration learning from that which obtains in a manufactory. of the university as it is now organized tends toward The professional coach in athletics may have his the development of a larger type of professor and a uses, but he has been a source of widespread de- finer order of students ; to ask whether we are de- moralization in the schools and colleges. And yet veloping the mechanical side of the administration he is no more objectionable than the professional at the expense of the spiritual side. coach in the college studies, through whose system For, after all, we can never too often remind our- whole regiments of graduates "win out" by a team selves that the first purpose of the university is not play which means little intellectual discipline and to further industrial development or to increase the less contact with scholarship and with scholars. wealth of a state, but that it is the development of Moreover, the system tends to make coaches of our the intellectual and spiritual life. This development professors. can take place only in the air of freedom, however In the settlement of the larger questions of ad- evident are the dangers which freedom brings with ministration-the choice of president and of pro- it. Wealth, power, the niceties of life, may, all grow fessors, the fixing of greater questions of policy- in an atmosphere of limited or of artificial freedom, may not some council composed of trustees and fac- but only in the air of real freedom can be grown ulty jointly share the responsibility to advantage ? that spirit and that intelligence which shall minister Whatever may be said in favor of the sound judg- to those things which are spiritual and to those ment of the well-trained business man, I cannot things which are eternal. 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION BULLETIN. BOARD OF EDUCATION . KINDERGARTEN TRANSFERS . Wednesday, Octobor 25 , 1905 . Elizabeth H. Allan, from Von Humboldt and Moos to Tennyson. The following recommendations were adopted : EMPLOYES . ADVANCE SALARY OF PRINCIPAL OF CORKERY ASSIGNMENTS . SCHOOL. John Lawrence, fireman, Englewood High School. That the salary of Daniel O'Connor, principal of TEMPORARY ASSIGNMENTS . the Corkery School be advanced to $2,500, to date from Sept. 4, 1905 . Frank Dunlap, substitute engineer, Wicker_Park RESTORE SALARY OF THE PRINCIPAL OF THE school ; William Jahn, Jr., substitute engineer, Ryer- TILTON SCHOOL. son school ; Louis Neu, substitute fireman, Engle- wood High school. That the salary of Bertha S. Armbruster, prin- SEPARATIONS . cipal, be restored to the first group of salaries for principals of the elementary schools, to date from Martin J. Maloney, substitute engineer, Wicker Sept. 4, 1905. Park school ; Louis Neu, substitute fireman, Engle- TEACHERS PLACED ON LIST FOR APPOINTMENT , wood High school. LEAVES OF ABSENCE. That the following named former teachers be placed on the list for appointment in accordance Albert W. Merrill, engineer Ryerson School with the rules : Carrie B. Furlong, Nora A. Jones, building, for a period of 90 days or less, from Oct. Bertha L. Stahl, Augusta L. Wines . 16, 1905 , owing to illness. DISAPPROVE PROPOSED OUTER PARK BELT . ASSIGNMENTS AND TRANSFERS . ASSIGNMENTS . That the Board of Education express its dis- approval of the proposed plan, and that the presi- M. Neomia Carville, Jirka school ; Kate L. Has- dent of the board be authorized and directed to sett, Goodrich ; Anna E. Johnson, Nash ; Catherine take such steps in the matter as in his judgment Judd, Ravenswood ; Martha A. Kiehl, Knickerbock- seems best to protect the interests of the board. er; Alfred Logie, Clay ; Deborah Pretlow, Ham- mond ; Anna B. Royston, Kinzie ; Harriet S. Schaef- LECTURE NOTICES . er, Irving Park ; Minnie Carr Sellars, LaFayette ; Ella B. Toenjes, Schiller. JOHN GRAHAM BROOKS . KINDERGARTEN ASSIGNMENTS . October 28-" What the Socialists Hope For."-Chicago Commons. Anna P. Smith, Bancroft school ; Minnie L. October 30-" The Utopia of the Socialists. "-Lincoln White, Pickard. Park Congregational Church. October 31-"The Social Politics of Gladstone."-Abra- TRANSFERS . ham Lincoln Center. November 2-"The Utopia of the Socialists."-Lewis Institute. Frances E. Baldwin, from Jackson to Tennyson school ; Margaret Brosnahan, from Hammond to Tilton; Rosalie C. Culp, from Pullman to Poe ; One can never tell by a man's looks whether he Elizabeth R. Daly, from Ogden to Talcott ; Kath- was disappointed in love or only has dyspepsia. erine A. Davey, from Pullman to Poe ; Mary O. DeTurck, from Pullman to Poe ; Emma Felsenthal, from Moseley to Felsenthal ; Autha L. Fluke, from Pullman to Poe ; Alice H. Gilbert, from Tennyson to Marquette ; Mae K. Heaney, from Sullivan to TEACHERS owning home wish to meet other teachers who de- Van Vlissingen ; Sophia M. Huleatte, from Pull- sire to keep house. South Side. man to Poe ; Thomas C. Johnson, from Talcott to Normal Practice; Mary E. Jones, from Harrison Address D. T., Bulletin. to Haven ; Emily F. Kelly, from Jirka to Oakland ; Jennie L. Lynch, from Otis to Jungman ; Anna G. MacCarthy, from Kozminski to Curtis ; Nettie Mc- TO TEACHERS Ginnis, from LaSalle to Farragut ; Katharine H. Morrison, from Marquette to Shakespeare ; Mary A. LOANS BY A TEACHER C. O'Connell, from Farragut to Chalmers ; Sarah No Assignments Ever Required P. Poulson, from Graham to Lake Grammar ; Har- "Now may the Summer of your discontent be made glorious Autumn by a crumb of comfort." riet E., Peet, from Thorp to Forestville ; Rena M. Pidcock, from Oakland to Sullivan ; Catherine E. L. A., Care of Federation Bulletin, 814 Unity Building Potinger, from Moseley to Kozminski ; Katherine B. Reynolds , from Van Vlissingen to Bradwell ; Ethel V. Rice, from Curtis to Moseley ; Rachel Smith , from Pullman to Poe ; Florence W. Thayer , TEACHERS and NURSES from Carter to Normal Practice ; Mary Thorn, from A former Chicago teacher will show you how Henry to Otis ; Mary F. Waring, from Jones to to better your financial condition. Address Moseley; Della L. Wells, from Pullman to Poe ; Cora M. West, from Haven to Normal Practice ; AMY WITHROW, Macomb, Ill. Belle Winton, from Brentano to Normal Practice. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 7 SCHOOLBOY REPARTEE. A PROTRACTED CRUISE . Professor H. W. Prentis, principal of the Hodg- To enjoy yachting, a good breeze is almost as den school, tells a joke on himself with much en- essential as a good yacht ; but both were lacking in joyment. One day during an examination, when he the case of a well- known New Yorker, an amateur was visiting the various rooms, he stopped to ask whose experience is related in Harper's Weekly. a very bright boy a sum in algebra, and, although With a few friends he set sail from New York, the problem was comparatively easy, he could not and started on a cruise by way of the Sound. They answer it. Professor Prentis remarked and with kept close to the shore, and owing to lack of wind some show of severity : and the slowness of their boat they were still drift- "My boy, you ought to be able to do that. At ing by familiar country a week or so after they left your age George Washington was a surveyor." New York. The boy looked him straight in the eye and an- On a point of land which they passed a solemn swered : Yankee sat fishing. For some hours the boat made "Yes, sir, and at your age he was President of almost no progress, and after a while the fisherman the United States ." roused himself enough to ask : "Where are ye from ?" The conversation dropped at that point. "New York," replied the yachtsman. "How long ?" Everything comes to the man who waits on him- "Since August first ." self. The man returned to his fishing and the yacht Friends and debts should be cheerfully and kept on drifting. Along in the afternoon the same promptlymet. voice hailed them again : "What year ?" Teacher- In which of his battles was Gustavus Don't kick about the weather. When it rains it Adolphus killed ? settles the dust ; when the sun shines it dries the Scholar-I thing in his last battle. mud. i "What is algebra, Johnny ?" asked the teacher of No man can appreciate how another man can be a small pupil. busy when he wants to talk to him . " It's a white mule covered with black stripes," answered the little fellow. " I saw one at the circus last summer ." The man who hesitates may be lost, but the man who never hesitates is hard to find. "Wot's a fort ?" "Place where they keeps soldiers." "Then wot's a fortress ? " "Where they keeps soldiers' wives, o' course. " Bureau of The late Sol Smith Russell had three young nieces of whom he was very fond. On one occasion he took the youngest of them for a walk and bought her some candy on the agreement that it was not Industrial Information to be eaten until they reached her home. They started, but before they had gone far the little girl A Place Where You Can Find Out proposed : "Let's wun!" Her uncle declined, and What You Want to Know. there was long pleading, all to no purpose. Finally, the little girl stopped, knelt down on the pavement, Information department- Industrial and offered up the petition: "Dod, please make news supplied to students, writers, ministers Uncle Sol Wun." "It was simply a question of my losing my dignity, or her losing her faith in God," and teachers. Articles, reports , statistics and said Mr. Russell, in relating the incident, "so we reference work . ran as fast as we could for home." Club department-Research work, bibli- By dint of fighting at school he acquired the ographies on current topics. Subjects and hardihood and scorn of pain which give rise to mili- tary courage; but of course he also acquired the quotations looked up . Outlines for papers greatest aversion to study, for a public school can made. never solve the difficult problem of developing equally and simultaneously the powers of the body A weekly list of articles on education, classi- and of the mind. -Balzac, Un Menage de Garcon. fied under topics of service to the teacher and the educational student. Miss Nellie Gaunt : At the zoo I liked the monkey-house best. Address , Mrs. Ellie Gaunt : Don't say "monkey-house," child; it sounds so common. Please call it the Bureau of Industrial Information "apiary."-Cleveland Leader. Room 6, 129 Dearborn St. Chicago, III. That tired feeling is often due to a strenuous effort to live without work.. 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . A NEW EDITION OF The Harison Line Illustrations For Ancient History Note Books Ethics of Democracy By LOUIS F. POST 1,000 ILLUSTRATIONS PREHISTORIC - Assyria - Chaldea TIMES Egypt. Withmaps of Ancient Egypt and Assyria. 145 ill. Editor of THE PUBLIC Greece Military, 27 ill. Sports, 23 ill. Medicine, Fu- neral Customs. 20 ill, Edu- You have done a great work, one that cation, Games, etc., 21 ill. will live a monument to a man with a great Occupations ofWomen, 14 ill. Shops, etc., 12 ill. Industries, moral purpose, and the ability to put it into 16 ill. Social Customs. Mar- plain, simple words within the comprehension riages, etc., 10 ill. Theatre, of the everyday man. The greatest accom- 41 ill. Male and Female Cos- tumes, 60 ill. Coins of An- plishment in the work is that you have made cient Greek Cities, complicated problems simple and easy to 213 ill. understand. -TOM L. JOHNSON. Greece and Rome - Armour, 74ill. Ornaments, Furniture, Uten- Second Edition, with Portrait of the sils, 170 ill. Spec- ial set, 17 ill. Author, 12mo, bound in rich blue cloth, Rome -Myth and printed on high- grade, hand made paper, gilt Fable , 16 ill . Sports, 18 ill. Caes- top, deckle edges, 398 pages , $2.00 ; by mail, ar, etc. , 17 ill. Cos- tumes Male and $2.12. Descriptive circular on application . Female, 86 ill. Full teacher's refer- Send for catalogue of books and speci- ence set in cloth binder from which men copies of THE PUBLIC-the important different sets may be removed. Price literature of fundamental democracy. $3.00 Students' Manual Notebook Illustrations for Ancient, Mediaeval and Modern His- tory, with sample set of Illustrations, 10 cents. The Public Publishing Company Information First National Bank Building, Chicago Bureau of Industrial 129 Dearborn St., Room 6, CHICAGO Rothschild&Company Weteachers, respectfully solicit the patronage ofschool principals, and all connected with educational work. Our facilities for meeting every demand for honest, high grade merchan- dise are exceptionally well adapted to your need. Our low prices are an added inducement for you to pay us a visit. Take advantage of our special arrangement for promptly cashing all city and county checks, without embarrassment or inconvenience. You are cordially invited to open a charge account with us. Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin 100 Vol. IV. CHICAGO, NOVEMBER 3, 1905. No. 38. This last issue alone is sufficient to cause the re- THE FOREST PARK PRESERVE . jection of the bill at this time; $133,000 means under the present system the education in the ele- All the citizens of Chicago will agree that parks mentary schools of 5,320 pupils and the employ- and parkways are a necessary part of any large ment of 150 teachers, the cost per pupil being $25 ; municipality. The overcrowding and the conges- $133,000 is equal to an increase of $26 a year in tion incident to city life demand this natural oppor- salary for every teacher in the public schools. tunity for recreation and contact with nature, which the parks alone give, and all the citizens of The question is, can the city afford to pay $133,- Chicago agree that the Outer Park Belt, as shown ooo out of its school fund for the education of an on the map, is one of the finest municipal park unrelated, autocratic commission with unlimited schemes, almost equal to that of Boston. power, divorced from any responsibility to the peo- ple in establishing a system of parks under a law which the promoters admit must be amended two No citizen, however, familiar with the wording years from now. of the "Act to Create Forest Preserve Districts, can believe that it is either wise or timely to create the Chicago Forest Preserve District under that law as it now stands. VACATION SCHOOL EXHIBIT AT THE MUNI- CIPAL MUSEUM. Briefly, there are points to the law, any one of which condemn it : One of the most interesting collections of chil- dren's work is that now being exhibited in the Ist. Only in two places is any reference made Municipal Museum. It is the tangible result of the to the people or where they are assured an interest summer's work in the eight vacation schools open in it. ( a) To create a district the majority of the for five weeks in the congested districts of the city. voters must be in favor of it. (b) Permission must be asked of the people to increase the bonded in- The first vacation school in Chicago was opened debtedness to 3 per cent of the taxable value of the in 1896 under the auspices of the Civic Federation. property. The next year another school was opened through the efforts of Miss Mary McDowell of the Chicago This allows for the handling by the commission University Settlement. The matter of the schools of $ 14,000,000 at least. was taken up the following year by the Chicago Woman's Club, who sent out a general appeal to 2d. The president and six members of the com- the women's clubs of the county asking for a per- manent committee to continue the schools. As a mission are appointed by the governor for six years . They render account to no one. This does away result the Chicago Permanent Vacation School and with all interfering people. Playground Committee of Women's Clubs was formed with a Vacation School Board. The funds to support the schools are contributed by the clubs, 3d. The commission has absolute power to enact individuals and the Chicago Board of Education. any ordinance necessary to control the 30,000 acres planned in the Outer Park Belt. Last summer there was an enrollment of 6,583 pupils in the schools with a daily average attend- 4th. The commission would be another taxing ance of 545 in each school. The cost of maintain- body forever separated from the city, and therefore ing them for the five weeks was $10,335, which is directly opposed to the new city charter move- makes the per capita cost per pupil only $2.60. ment which is seeking to consolidate the different taxing bodies now existing in the city. The exhibits from the different schools are inter- esting as they point to the nationality of the pupils, 5th. The burden of the one mill tax falls most and the traces of foreign parentage is very notice- heavily on the School Fund and means a yearly able. A table has been prepared showing the na- draft of $133,000 at least. tionality of the pupils. The Italians and Jews rank 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. highest, both of these with twenty-one per cent. forty teachers who joined the "union" taught for The Germans follow next with sixteen per cent. less than their school was listed-and in some cases The Bohemians, Irish, American and Scandinavian but a few cents less on the month, just enough for coming after in order named. the directors to say they had not paid the "scale." The influence of the Arts and Crafts Movement It was at the March meeting in 1904 that the fol- lowing resolution was presented by one of the lead- is to be seen everywhere throughout the exhibit to ing teachers in this movement for higher salaries : a far greater extent than is usually found in work done in the schools. The rugs, the pottery, the "Resolved, That no teacher of this county sign a leather and the carpentry work are distinctly Arts contract for the ensuing year for teaching for other and Crafts. than the calendar month. The effect of this work on the children is of "That the president of this association shall ap- great value, training eye and brain and hand to point a committee of five members whose duty it mold or make a complete artistic whole. shall be to ascertain from the valuation of taxable property of each district in the county the price it During the exhibition lectures on related topics can pay for teaching, furnish each teacher with a are held in the rooms Tuesdays and Friday after- list of such prices, and from this list so furnished noons, and it is suggested that the mothers of the let the teacher select his school and price for teach- children should have their attention brought to ing same." this exhibit and whenever possible they should be encouraged to visit it. The introduction of this resolution provoked a heated discussion, after the passage of which the By arranging beforehand the stereopticon pic- president announced that he would appoint one tures may be secured to illustrate the different member from each township to act on this commit- activities. tee. Some days after this meeting the president Teachers and parents interested in manual train- notified the members of their appointment and ing and handicraft work for their children in the duties, and called a meeting for March 19, at which summer schools will find much of interest and help time said committee met and fixed the following as well as encouragement in the work already ac- table as a basis for figuring the minimum price each complished. district could pay their teacher : For valuation of $ 5,000 or less $25.00 per month $ 5,000 to $ 6,000 valuation $27.00 per month TEACHERS UNION IN « ΕΟΥΡΤ. " $ 6,000 to $ 7,000 valuation $30.00 per month $ 7,000 to $ 8,000 valuation $32.00 per month $ 8,000 to $ 9,000 valuation $35.00 per month $ 9,000 to $ 10,000 valuation $37.50 per month HOW THE TEACHERS OF SALINE COUNTY SOLVED $10,000 to $ 11,000 valuation $40.00 per month THE SALARY QUESTION . $11,000 to $ 12,000 valuation $42.50 per month $12,000 to $ 14,000 valuation $45.00 per month $14,000 to $ 16,000 valuation $47.50 per month By S. T. Robinson, Pittsfield, III . $16,000 to $ 18,000 valuation $50.00 per month $18,000 to $20,000 valuation $52.50 per month $20,000 to $22,000 valuation $55.00 per month $22,000 to $24,000 valuation $57.50 per month Organizations for mutual protection are now $24,000 to $26,000 valuation $60.00 per month common in all trades and professions where men over $26,000 valuation $60.00 per month and women labor for a fixed consideration. In fact the only great army of wage earners, yet unor- Provided there was but one teacher, but if more ganized for this purpose, is the public school teach- than one this table should be the basis for figuring ers of America. Some weak movements along this the price for each teacher. line have been started but it remained for the teach- From the foregoing table the committee made a ers of Saline county to take the initiative in the list of the schools of the county and the salary each present new movement and carry it to a successful could pay and had it printed and mailed to each termination . Theirs was a logical beginning and a teacher of the county. According to the scale there successful ending. The teachers of the state of is one school listed at $25.00 and one at $ 100.00 , Illinois should do homage to this iconoclastic body the latter having two teachers. This scale brings of workers, and cast their eyes in reverence toward the average salary for men from $34.77 ( state this land of "Egypt. " Theirs was not a work superintendent's report for 1902) to $45.00 and that that was to be accomplished in a day. It took a for women from $28.87 to $40.00, an average of united effort of a determined body of teachers, who more than $ 10.00 per month for each school in the were thorough believers in the justice of their county. There are 126 teachers in Saline county cause, and who would not listen to the threats and and 86 school districts. There were 140 teachers promises of the opposition. Of course there were who signed the pledge to demand the scale price a few who, as of old, became doubtful of their for teaching , and we are sorry to say that eight of ability to win; forgot their pledges ; and became these taught for less. There were fourteen teachers worshipers of the "golden calf." This "golden in the county that would not sign the pledge, some calf" was devoutly worshiped by a few thirty-dollar of these taught for less than the scale price, yet re- teachers who were offered forty dollars for teach- eived higher salaries than previously. At the date ing a fifty-dollar school. But these were excep- of this writing the county superintendent reports tions, and few, as but eight of the one hundred and that no school has been contracted for less than the CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . scale set by the teachers, and many are receiving for this " fair compensation" and their wishes were more. Directors are riding over the county hunting never considered. Throughout the summer a dis- the best teachers for which they are willing to pay cussion of the matter was kept up through the col- a high salary, in many districts offering more than umns of the county papers by representatives of the the " scale." While the directors throughout the two organizations. county protested against paying a price fixed with- Some schools were not opened till late in the out their consent, yet in most cases there was no season, but in nearly all such cases the directors alternative, and the result is their schools were were forced to take an inferior teacher at the scale never better, and all concerned are interested as price. All such feeling has now passed and the never before. directors generally see that this agitation has been But all this was not accomplishd without a strug- a great benefit to the schools of the county and are gle. The directors organized for the purpose of now willing to pay all that is asked, but are justly protecting their "rights," and many declared they demanding better preparation on the part of the would never employ a teacher that had joined the teachers, which will all result in good. The direct- "union. " In an endeavor to get the directors and ors of Saline county are a body of fair minded men, teachers together that they might come to a better many of them have been or are now teachers them- understanding County Superintendent York called selves. They needed but one lesson. There was a joint meeting of the two organizations to be held probably never such a meeting held in the history at Harrisburg, May 25, 1904. At this meeting a of our public school system as was held by the member of the directors' organization presided, al- directors of Saline county at Harrisburg, June 4, though a large majority of the directors refused to 1905. There was a great contrast in this meeting meet in joint session but held a meeting of their and those of the year previous. Here was an earn- own, passing many resolutions and saying many est body of men who had met for a purpose, who things that would not look well in print. A com- were seeking more light on the subject of public mittee of teachers was appointed to go in person school work. In the afternoon they had an "ex- and invite these directors to meet with them in the perience meeting" at which time they told who had afternoon, which they accepted. At this afternoon taught their school, his success, where he was meeting Hon. W. V. Choisser and Prof. Harry spending his vacation, etc. Taylor, principal of the Township High School, In most cases they reported the best school they made strong speeches of "reconciliation," at the had ever had, and that greater interest was mani- close of which Hon. W. F. Scott, president of the fested by all concerned. They have never as now board of education of the city of Harrisburg, pro- felt their responsibilities as directors. They feel posed that each organization select five of their their duties are more than hiring and paying teach- representative members which should constitute a ers. The spirit of improvement is running high . board of arbitration, and that both organizations Uniformity of text books has been adopted by the should abide by their decision. This the directors county association and will go into effect this year. Many new improvements are spoken of and all are refused to do. At this point in the meeting a ma- jority of the directors "bolted" and left the building alive and active. At the beginning of this contest to hold a "directors rights" meeting at the court many directors resigned, but now it is considered an honor to hold this position. The teachers of the house. The directors' committee on resolutions pre- county owe much of their success to the untiring sented the following report which was unanimously efforts of their president, Otto D. Edwards, and adopted: "We the directors of Saline county believe in the County Superintendent Lewis E. York, without free and equal rights of American citizens, and be- whose help they could have never attained the suc- lieve that the steps of Saline county teachers, in cess that is theirs. -From " School and Home Edu- former resolutions, is absolutely contrary to law; cation." be it therefore "Resolved, That we ignore their action fixing the ASSIGNMENTS OF EVENING SCHOOL scale of prices in the different districts, and demand TEACHERS . that they concede to the directors of this county the right to be the judges as to the fitness of appli- Chicago, October 25, 1905. cants morally, and of the finacial ability of the dis- BURLEY-Minnie M. Arnold, Bessie De Banco, tricts. Be it further Jeannette De Vilbiss, Agnes D. Duffy, Charles F. "Resolved, That the directors give the young Fitzgerald, J. Albert Foberg, Etta I. Gee, Julia teachers of the county a chance at the schools the Sulzer Griffith, Katherine H. Hanafire, Dora Heu- coming year. ermann, Margaretta H. Kimball, Jennie F. Maher, "Resolved, That all teachers applying for schools Tahletha M. Mann, Ida M. Wilson. must be accompanied with a legal certificate. BURR-Augusta Albert, Clara C. Bennett, Alice "Resolved, That we, the directors of the rural M. Bowers , Ida M. Brown, Minnie A. Dietz, Wil- districts of Saline county, ask the teachers of said liam H. Gage, Anna E. Henreedy, Fred G. Holmes, county to rescind their action of fixing the price of Alice J. Hutchinson, Mina R. Jones, Annie Mc- teaching on the assessed valuation, and instead Clements, Edwin J. Raber, James C. Reed, Florence thereof it be fixed between teacher and board that E. Scully, Ida H. Soelke, Edith V. Watson, Viola employs him ; and that the price be a fair compen- R. Weigselbaum. sation for the services rendered." CHASE-Mary E. Babcock, Olivia S. Binna, While this resolution was being read and passed Florence N. Bryant, J. Katherine Cutler, Anna E. by the directors at the court house, the teachers at Jones, Effie MacDonald, Frank W. Kingsley, Fanny the school building were busy signing a pledge that R. Pike, S. Jessie Root, Emily F. Rose, Elmer L. they would all stand or fall on their proposed line Valentine. of action. They felt that for years they had asked (Continued on page 5.) 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION ner for the truants and juvenile offenders of the city. BULLETIN It at once occurred to the members of the com- Official Organ of the Ch cago Teachers' Federation, mittee that the whole subject is perhaps more ger- MARGARET A. HALEY, Editor mane to the work of the Board of Education than ESTHER TABER, Managing Editor to any other official body, and hence they sought Ent red at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second- class Matter, its co-operation in the consideration of the whole December 23, 1901. matter . THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during te year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of It is probably known to the members of the April and December, by the Chicago Teachers' Federation. Board of Education, that, in the course of dealing THE SUBSCRIPTION I'RICE is One Dollar per year. Single copies, Five Cents. ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be rec ived with the juvenile offenders of the city, on their ar- by Tuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. rest, they are taken to the court room situated, at ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to th order of the present, at 260 South Clark street. There they FEDERATION BULLETIN, 814-816 Unity Building, CHICAGO must await their turn for hearing, accompanied by Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. such members of their family, or such friends, as they may bring. It is readily seen that such a con- dition leads to the utmost confusion at the hearings, Through an oversight the portion of the article and in the whole atmosphere of the court, making by Henry S. Pritchett, published in last week's it impossible for Judge Mack to do that work in the Bulletin, was not credited to the "Atlantic" for Sep- educational manner in which he wishes to do it. tember, as it should have been. The Detention Home, which is intended to supply THE EDITOR . a place for delay or short detention, is situated at 625 West Adams street. The distance renders it BOARD OF EDUCATION . useless except for commitment. Wednesday , November 1 , 1905. This brings out the first need that the court SPECIAL MEETING . and the place of detention should be adjacent. Thus in planning a new building, the Juvenile Court A special meeting of the Board of Education was needs a new place of detention included with it. held Wednesday, Nov. 1, 1905, to conslder in com- For these buildings the County Commissioners mittee of the whole the report of the special com- mittee appointed to meet with similar committees have offered funds, looking to the city to add to them, and especially looking to the Board of Edu- of the county and city and judge of the Juvenile cation to further their plan in every way, with Court. Twelve members of the Board of Educa- financial and moral support. tion were present and Judges Mack, Tuthill and Discussion further developed the very immediate Carter, Commissioner Walker and Justice Hurley. concern that the Board of Education has in this The committee recommended the adoption of the report, and it will be presented to the next regular whole subject of properly caring for all children meeting of the Board of Education Wednesday, from the first steps of truancy through all the stages of juvenile offense. And it appeared that Nov. 8, 1905. the splendid beginning that Chicago has made in The report is as follows : To the President and members of the Board of Ed- recognizing the need for a Juvenile Court and sep- ucation of the City of Chicago : arate Juvenile Detention, falls short of accomplish- LADIES AND GENTLEMAN :. ing the end sought through lack of adequate space and want of organization of the work. Following your instructions at the meeting of the Board of Education on Oct. 11th, your com- It is suggested that this place of detention shall mittee met with the committee appointed to con- be a school, where children will immediately take sider new plans for the Juvenile Court, and begs up work instead of spending idle, unoccupied time to report as follows : in waiting, and shall be called the Detention School. The committee your representatives were asked to join consisted of- It is also suggested that the Board of Education REPRESENTING THE COUNTY. shall have its Compulsory Education and Child Study Departments in these headquarters, centering Commissioner William C. Hartray, Commission- there all the truant work, and securing thus unified er Edwin K. Walker, Commissioner William J. effort in all of its branches . Umbach, Miss Julia C. Lathrop, Hon. Orrin N. The final recommendation is summed up in the Carter, Mr. T. D. Hurley. following resolution offered by Judge Mack at the REPRESENTING THE CITY. second meeting of the joint committee. Mr. M. J. Corboy, Hon. T. J. Dixon, Hon. J. Z. "Resolved, That it is the sense of this conference Uhlir, Hon. J. R. Considine, Miss Jane Addams, that steps be taken at once to secure a proper site on Hon. Julian Mack. which there shall be erected a building or buildings There have been two meetings of this whole com- suitable for the work of the Juvenile Court, the De- mittee and a meeting of a subcommittee on sites . tention Home, the Compulsory Education, Child The chairman of the committee asked Judge Study and Child Labor Certificate departments of Mack and Mr. Walker to outline to your represent- the Board of Education; that a school be main- atives the status of the question at the time they tained therein both for the children detained there joined the committee. as delinquents and dependents and also for truant The movement originated in the necessity for new children to be sent there for short periods, instead quarters for the Juvenile Court, the utter inade- of being sent to the Parental School ; quacy and inconvenience of the Detention Home, "Resolved, Further, that the Board of Education, and the general lack of these provisions, including the County of Cook and the City of Chicago be re- the Parental School, to care in any complete man- quested to co-operate in providing the funds neces CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. $ sary for the site and the buildings, and for the (Continued from page 3.) maintenance thereof." CRANE HIGH-William A. Boyle, Arthur W. At that meeting Judge Lindsay of Denver out- Chase, Carlos Escobar, Christopher F. Friese, lined how the same plan of co-operation between David Gorrie, John E. Groves, Alexander B. Hay, the Juvenile Court and the Board of Education Howard Hoffacker, William X. Meyer, Richard S. worked in Denver, with the result of practically Pilkington, Samuel E. Ritchey, William Schoch, wiping out the class of uncared- for truants. Cassius M. Wirick. Your committee feels that with the plan as out- lined, the organization of that work in Chicago will CRANE ELEMENTARY - Lillian G. Ayers, be so vastly improved as to multiply greatly the ef- Anna G. Baer, Nora A. Clark, Sarah McGill Hen- ficiency of the forces already at work here for nen, Hettie J. Joslin, Emma Linane, Mollie Mc- truants, and that we shall then be in a position to Grath Patchell, Sarah F. Pratt, Grace Wadleigh . know how far our space is inadequate, which we can- DANTE- Lucius M. Bassett, Mary M. Carr , not know now because of the lack of co-ordination Agnes F. Dolan, Elizabeth R. Dorman, Mary A. of the forces we have. Dwyer, Kathryn Hughes, Susie E. Liston, Your committee, therefore, strongly recommends Josephine E. McDonough, Debrah McGrath, Mar- that the Board of Education co-operate as fully garet Mary Morrissey, Josephine Nichols, Lillian as possible with this general plan-that the repre- Nichols, Louise H. Oliphant, Kathryn O'Neill, sentatives from the Board be enlarged to represent Teresa O'Neill, Mary E. Reynolds, Madge G. the Committee on Buildings and Grounds, that Rodgers , Emma G. Ryan, Olive O. Walsh, Emma these representatives be instructed to report back M. Westerfield. general concurrence and support, and willingness to ENGLEWOOD HIGH-Josephine T. Allin, co-operate financially, to the joint committee. Murray J. Brady, Walter H. Comstock, Jane Among the possible ways that the Board of Edu- Nobles Cool, Carl N. Hanstein, Emma Meserve cation might take part have been suggested-the James , Harry Keeler, William John Lindsay, Win- contribution of a site, the contribution of a part of field S. McKinney, Myra M. Monfort, William the building, the joining with the county in the Henry Shoemaker, L. Albert Smith, Henry G. maintenance of the building, the equipping of the Vorsheim . schools with teachers, etc., etc. Your committee recommends that except to ex- ENGLEWOOD ELEM .—Clara B. Allen, Geor- press any positive preference the Board may feel giana Allen, Jennie P. Brown, Nellie H. Cheney, as to the manner of co-operation, the Board should Margaret Donovan, Nora F. Doran, Alice Forkin, leave the definite plan to be developed in the com- Frank K. Gerty, Avon S. Hall, Lillian J. Hart, mittee and to be reported later to the Board of Edu- Anna Lacy, Mary E. Lennon, Harriet Adaline Mar- cation with recommendations by your representa- tin, Christine McCowan, Belle B. Murphy, Ruth P. tives in the committee . Parsons, Agnes J. Spoor, Effa G. Sumney. Your committee strongly recommends that gen- FALLON - Caroline Baldwin, Helen H. Cor- eral concurrence and approval be reported from the coran , Lu L. Everly, Anna J. Kerrigan, Katherine Board of Education to the joint committee. M. O'Conor, Mary Robson, Edmund B. Smith, That the resolution of the joint committee, as Nannie E. White . above recited, be concurred in, and that copies of FOSTER- Charles E. Cummings, Harriet H. this report be referred to both the Buildings and Grounds Committee and the School Management Gillis, Agatha Jennings, Nels J. Lennes, Bertha Committee for appropriate action. Loeffler, Julia G. Maher, Anna K. McLaughlin , Respectfully submitted by Mary J. Saunders, Margaret Shanley, Mary E. P. SHELLY O'RYAN, Stanton, Mary Theiss, Anna A. Ward, Della F. Chairman. Ward, May T. Ward, Cleopatra Wilson. ΑΝΙΤΑ M'CORMICK BLAINE . EDWARD TILDEN. FRANKLIN - Mary B. Bishop, Moritz W. Boehm, Anna Elizabeth Boland, Mary Elizabeth Buckley, Rose Anna Burke, Joanna H. Caverley, Kate Cleberdon, Bessie F. Costello, Margaret Cos- CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION. tello, Minnie E. Daly, Franklin C. Donecker, Mary E. Fellows, Mary Hartwell, Mary L. Hurley, Clara The regular meeting of the Chicago Teachers' L. Kordt, Ida Alfrida Lauritzen, Elizabeth R. Law- Federation will be held at 412 Masonic Temple, rence, Agnes A. Loftus, Anna M. Loftus, Anna M. November 11 , 1905, at 10:30 a. m . Lynde, Frances E. Lynde, Elizabeth M. Murphy, Admission by membership card only. Ella Margaret Murphy, Anna E. Phelan, Katherine The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teachers' A. Quinn, William W. Riddell, Jessie Shadbolt, Federation will meet Tuesday, November 14, 1905, Mary E. Skelly, Eva A. Smedley, Harriet Sulzer, at 4:30 p. m., in Room 814, Unity Bldg. August E. Zapp. FLORENCE E. TENNERRY, Cor. Secretary. FROEBEL-Jennie J. Breen, Mary A. Code, Anna Jones, Arthur R. Kinney, William M. Kin- ney, Anna Agatha Molloy, Ada M. Moore, Rose O'Hayer, Mabel M. Sampson, Fred E. Smith, Mae TEACHERS and NURSES Thompson. A former Chicago teacher will show you how GARFIELD-Grace R. Ackley, Albert H. Bea- ver, Emma D. Buchanan, Anna Cahill, Belle Lor- to better your financial condition. Address etta Campbell, Bessie Anna Schott, Josephine Elli- AMY WITHROW, Macomb, Ill. ott, Nellie T. Flannery, Anna T. Forde, Tressa Gately, Abbie L. Jones, Lillian F. Jones, Ellen E. 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. Kennedy, Jane McCutcheon, Henrietta Merten, PHILLIPS ELEMENTARY-Elizabeth Brunk, Agnes Murphy, Mary A. Noonan, Julia O'Grady, Ella Frances Daly, Loretta P. Davis, Mary E. Margaret F. Reilly, Mary A. Rouan, Nellie F. Gould, Elliott A. Hamilton, Josephine T. Hutch- Sheehy, Rose M. Sheehy, Belle Smith, Edgar W. inson, Elizabeth B. Letzkuss, Mary E. McMahon, Trout, Mary E. Weldon. Winifred G. O'Toole, Olive L. Phelps, Alice F. HAMLIN -Ora G. Baker, George A. Beers, Snively, Louise K. Stone, Helen M. Whelan. Norine Broderick, Agnes Frances Crogan, Eliza- PULLMAN -Julia A. Bowling, Charles C. Cobb, beth Dedmond, Agatha Doherty , Elsie J. French, Helen E. Ferguson, Ella S. Gould, Carrie S. Marion Gaylord, Flora Hallinen, Mary F. Honan, Marchbank, Anna Murphy, Margaret E. Murphy, Carrie A. Hughes, Robert G. Jeffrey, Joanna Agnes Louis Reeder, Edith P. Shepherd, Henry W. Sum- Maher. ner, Edward Wildeman. JIRKA-Anna R. Casey, Helen A. Braddock, PULLMAN HIGH – George B. McClelland, Mame L. Conners, Louise C. Crowley, Helen La- Wilson Enos McDermut, David B. Williams . vantia Halsey, Susan M. Huber, Annie L. Jilek, SCAMMON - Margaret B. Basey, Genevieve Jennie J. Lynch, Nellie B. Maher, Katherine E. Cook, Lura L. Doran, Sarah M. Evans, Kenneth Maloney, Jane J. McKeon, Mary F. McMahon, C. Fitch, Jessie Hill, John H. Kimmons, Mary E. Margaret Mary Morrison, Kathryn A. O'Brien, Loen, Mary J. Marnane, Annie I. Mouffe, Florence Nora O'Neil, Sarah Porter, Katherine Redmond, E. Raefsnyder, Emma M. Stephens, Mary A. M. Elizabeth Sneed, Mae V. Talbot, Sara D. Tuo- Walsh. hy, William W. Wood. SOUTH CHICAGO HIGH-Sadie- Flansburg, HAMMOND-John Jacobson, Minnie Jahp, John L. Lewis, Walter W. Roberts, Robert D. Frances E. Kincaid, Emma D. Knox, Irene I. Ma- Townsend, James H. Henry. grady, Mary McCarty, Marguerite O'Brien, Marcy SOUTH CHICAGO ELEMENTARY-Frank C. O'Donnell, Emma Peterson, Nellie M. Powers, Mayo, Mildred M. Sheffer, Julius Weil, Worrallo Rudolph C. Rada, Harriet S. Schaefer, Hannah L. Whitney, Louise C. Zwiefel. Tuohy, Ethel F. Vail, Mary A. Woods. SOUTH DIVISION ELEMENTARY-M. Te- HARRISON- Francis E. Brimblecom, Henriet- resa Armitage, Frank P. Sullivan, Eleanor Chittick. ta A. Crowley, Edward G. Eldridge, Katherine SOUTH DIVISION HIGH-Albert W. Evans. Fallon, Nellie L. Fallon, Hannah Fetter, Elizabeth SOUTH DIVISION ELEMENTARY-Kath- McConville, Marcy C. McMahon, David L. Mur- ryn C. Gorham . ray, Harriet Norden, Minnie A. Stevens . THOMAS -Edgar A. Bradford, Albert E. Gage, JONES-Katherine M. Cullen, Georgiana Eb- Ottilie M. Block, Ella E. Earle, Margaret A. Dy- erhart, Mary G. Hudson, Mary E. Marshall, The- man, Eva Levy, Mary E. Rogers, Louise M. Scherbarth . resa M. McDermott, Jennie N. McDowell, Charles A. Myall, Mavolta Pease, Ellen M. Smiddy. WALLER HIGH-Louis F. Boarina, Charles E. Boynton, Charlotte Donders, Henry W. Flane- MCALLISTER-Anna R. Bonfield, Julia C. gin, Frank J. Gerlich, Horace Nelson Herrick, Brannan, Myra L. Hall, Theodore L. Harley, Mary William I. Kammann, Mary G. Younglove. G. Hassett, Rose M. O'Brien, Catherine O'Conner, WALLER ELEMENTARY Katherine A. Padden, Carrie H. Ruarc. Kate Dalton, Mattie A. M. De Crouch, Anna E. Hill, Minna MEDILL HIGH-Joseph K. Cermak, Freder- Kambli, Emma L. Lantry, Mary Ada Learned, Ida ick A. Freeark, Frank A. Fucik, Charles R. Moore, M. MacLean, Erin C. Miller, Julia T. Murphy, Charles S. Peters, Joseph Schneider, Mary A. Julia M. Sheridan, Minnie M. Wrisley. Weisman. WALSH- Lucius M. Bassett, Mary A. Bren- MEDILL ELEMENTARY Elizabeth T. nan, Minnie C. Donahoe, Herbert C. Hansen, Anna Burns, Margaret L. Cowan, Frances K. Crawford, T. Herrmann, Marie Higgins, Ellen M. Mackway, Agnes M. Farrell, Mary E. Fuller, Margaret L. Nellie G. O'Connor, Emma G. Ryan, Barbara S. Gibbons , Emma C. Gilmore, Dennis W. Kelley, Tauchen . Mary E. Lynch, Minnie V. Purcell, Herman C. WASHINGTON - Agnes G. Ahern, William Ruff, Lillie K. Toole, Ella Geraldine Walsh. Bachrach, Ella M. Brophy, Mary Dalton, Elizabeth NORTHWEST DIVISION HIGH -Edgar T. Davey, Mary A. Elliott, Margaret Finty, John C. Brown, Charles A. Cohan, Oliver D. Frederick, Gillespie, Theresa Goldstein, Hannah T. Hanlon, Elizabeth M. Hannon, Charles S. Irons, Maud M. William Kopp, Tyndall A. Peters, Charles Edward Riddel, John A. Shannon, Harold B. Shinn, Enoch Kolloch, Frederick J. Lane, Kathryn V. Maher, M. Vognild. Ida L. Mason, Anna M. Mortimer, Catherine M. Pyne, Katherine A. Riordan, Mary F. Schladweiler, NORTHWEST DIVISION ELEMENTARY Mabel R. Spray, John Stritesky, Ida E. Stutesman, -Agnes M. Anderson, Rose Weiss Bloomenthal, Mary T. Sullivan, Minnie S. Warnshuis, Mary I. Katherine Erwin, Grace D. Forsberg, Elizabeth Whitney. Inman, Lena L. Larsen, Albert C. Mueller, Mary WELLS-Lillie S. Baker, Marcella M. Bills, C. Niestadt, Hans C. Peterson, Henrietta Rochlitz , Frederica H. Collins, Mary M. Dannehy, Helen A. Ethel Walker, Mary A. Young. Foley, Celia M. Gilmore, Jacob H. Hauch, Alice L. PHILLIPS HIGH-William H. Craig, Joseph Joyce, Mary F. Laughlin, Imogene Scofield Miner, A. Dixon, Edwin E. Hand, Stephanie Vervait Josephine Nichols, Lillian Nichols, Amelia M. Lockwood, Charles H. Perrine, Harry Andrew Rea, Prendergast, Margaret E. Quealy, Anna G. Sulli- Helen A. Rice, Seward S. Shirer, George W. Stef- van, Rosalind I. Reynolds, William C. Waterseadt, fens, William H. White, Mary S. Wiggins . Ella N. Wood, Jeroslav J. Zmrhal. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 7 REGULARS MEETING OF THE BOARD ARE HELD ON BOARD OF EDUCATION ALTERNATE WEDNESDAY EVENINGS . 1905-1906. REGULAR COMMITTEE MEETINGS . EDWARD TILDEN, President. Meetings of the Committee on Buildings and JOHN C. FETZER, Vice President. Grounds are held every Friday afternoon at half- LEWIS E. LARSON, Secretary. past two o'clock. EDWARD TILDEN, Meetings of the Committee on School Manage- 5020 Woodlawn Avenue . .......... 1906 .............. ment, on alternate Monday afternoons at four o'clock. EDWIN F. ROWLAND, ..1906 Meetings of the Committee on Finance, on alter- 7001 Stewart Avenue .. ... ...... nate Tuesday afternoons at four o'clock. E. C. DUDLEY, 1619 Indiana Avenue ......... 1906 STANDING COMMITTEES FOR THE YEAR JAMES F. CHVATAL , 1905-1906 . 903 South Millard Avenue ............. 1907 School Management. WLADYSLAW A. KUFLEWSKI , R. 1012, 103 State Street .............. 1908 Miss Jane Addams, Chairman. CHARLES A. PLAMONDON, Mr. E. C. Dudley. 63 South Clinton Street ........ ..1907 Mr. P. Shelly O'Ryan . JOHN C. FETZER, Mrs. Emmons Blaine. 215 Dearborn Street ............. 1906 Mr. John J. Hayes . MICHAEL SHIELDS , Mr. C. A. Plamondon . 51 South Jefferson Street . .......... 1906 Mr. Charles O. Sethness . P. SHELLY O'RYAN, Miss Cornelia B. de Bey. R. 1211 , 79 Dearborn Street . ......... 1906 Mr. Edwin F. Rowland. R. A. WHITE, Mr. James F. Chvatal. 6800 Perry Avenue ................. 1906 Member Ex- Officio : The President. MRS . W. C. H. KEOUGH, R. 926, 153 La Salle Street ............. 1907 Buildings and Grounds. Tel. Central 1920 ; H. 54 Grant Pl . JOHN J. HAYES , Mr. John C. Fetzer, Chairman. 622 Jackson Boulevard. ............. ..1907 Mr. George Duddleston. Mr. Michael Shields . GEORGE DUDDLESTON, 27-29 Market Street ........................ 1907 Mr. C. A. Weil . C. A. WEIL, Mr. M. J. Spiegel. 524 Belmont Avenue . .... ..1907 Mr. W. A. Kuflewski . CHARLES O. SETHNESS, Mr. John C. Harding. 262 N. Curtis Street ... ... 1907 Mr. Emil W. Ritter. MRS . EMMONS BLAIΝΕ, Mrs. W. C. H. Keough. 344 East Erie Street ................ 1908 Mr. R. A. White. Member Ex- Officio : The President. MISS CORNELIA B. de BEY, Reliance Building ........... 1908 Finance. MODIE J. SPIEGEL, 182 Wabash Avenue ............. 1908 Mr. C. A. Plamondon, Chairman. MISS JANE ADDAMS, Mr. M. J. Spiegel. Hull-House, 335 South Halsted ........ 1908 The Chairman of the Committee on School Man- JOHN C. HARDING, agement. 89 Bingham Street ... ............ 1908 The Chairman of the Commitee on Buildings and Grounds. EMIL W. RITTER, 1 1441 Monadnock Building .............. ... 1908 Member Ex-Officio: The President. 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN.' A NEW EDITION OF The Harison Line Illustrations For Ancient History Note Books Ethics of Democracy By LOUIS F. POST 1,000 ILLUSTRATIONS PREHISTORIC TIMES -Assyria - Chaldea - Egypt. With maps ofAncient Egypt and Assyria. 145 ill. Editor of THE PUBLIC Greece Military, 27 ill. Sports, 23 ill. Medicine, Fu- neral Customs. 20 111. Edu- You have done a great work, one that cation, Games, etc., 21 ill. will live a monument to a man with a great Occupations of Women, 14 ill. Shops, etc. , 12 ill. Industries, moral purpose, and the ability to put it into 16 ill. Social Customs. Mar- plain, simple words within the comprehension riages, etc. , 10 ill. Theatre, of the everyday man . The greatest accom- 41 ill., Male and Female Cos- tumes, 60 ill. Coins of An- plishment in the work is that you have made cient Greek Cities, complicated problems simple and easy to 213 ill. understand. -TOM L. JOHNSON, Greece and Rome Armour, 74 ill. Ornaments, Furniture, Uten- Second Edition, with Portrait of the sils, 170 ill. Spec- ial set, 17 ill. Author, 12mo, bound in rich blue cloth, Rome -Myth and Fable , 16 ill . print d on high- grade, hand made paper, gilt Sports, 18 ill. Caes- ar, etc. , 17 ill. Cos- top, deckle edges, 398 pages, $2.00; by mail, tumes Male and Female, 86 ill. $2.12. Descriptive circular on application. Full teacher's refer- Send for catalogue of books and speci- ence set in cloth binder from which men copies of THE PUBLIC-the important different sets may be removed. Price literature of fundamental democracy. $3.00 Students' Manual Notebook Illustrations for Ancient, Mediaeval and Modern His- tory, with sample set of Illustrations, 10 cents. The Public Publishing Company Bureau of Industrial Information First National Bank Building, Chicago 129 Dearborn St., Room 6 , CHICAGO EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATIONS Democracy Professional Advancement Course OSSIAN H. LANG, Editor and Social Ethics Educational Foundations occupies a unique place among professional periodicals. Aiming to be neither a newspaper nor a journal of methods and devices, nor a mere review of education, it has for fifteen years stead- fastly adhered to its original plan of supplying broad, thoro, progressive, carefully planned courses of reading By JANE ADDAMS for teachers who are striving for solid and permanent success in their chosen life- work. In addition to the most helpful surveys of the various departments of Head of " Hull House," Chi- pedagogy, this magazine supplies intensely interesting and profitable general culture courses. cago; joint author of "Philan- One superintendent writes : " Your magazine has opened thropy and Social Progress." my eyes to the larger aspects of education, and my teach- ers and their pupils have been made the happier by my awakening." A former country teacher writes: " I had lost courage and intended to take up the study of law, when your magazine came to me and taught me that great work can be done in education. I studied faithfully the contents of every issue Miss Addams' Settlement Work is known to all and passed, with high standing, a principal's examination, My present place pays double the salary I had a year ago. " who are interested in social amelioration and Only $ 1.25 a Year municipal conditions. As the title of her book SPECIAL RATES WILL BE MADE TO READING CLUBS shows, it will be occupied with the reciprocal USING TEN OR MORE COPIES. A circular giving sugges- relations of ethical progress and the growth of tions for the organization and conduct of such clubs both democratic thought, sentiment and institutions. incity and country and outlines of ten courses with valu- able pedagogical books will be sent onapplication. Address UNITED EDUCATIONAL CO . $ 1.25 NET. 61 East Ninth Street, New York Chicago Teachers' Federation Vol. IV. Bulletin 100 No. 39. CHICAGO , NOVEMBER 10, 1905. THE SOCIAL LIFE OF CHILDREN . ing it, if possible, into the thing we should like it to be. * * * By Mrs. Porter Lander MacClintock, Chicago . The first principle of the social life of our chil- Nothing more beneficent has come into modern dren is that it should be democratic . There are rea- education than the tendency to obliterate the dis- sons of several different kinds for this. In our day tinctions between a child's school life and the other everybody that is not a democrat pretends to be. It aspects of his life. Our debt is incalculable to those is a pose, where it is not a sincere attitude. * * * great teachers who have seen, and have taught us to see, that the whole life of the child is social, that So many of us are obliged merely to pose the whole life of the child is educational that it as democrats for the reason that the last few gen- should be one harmonious piece of experience, flow- erations of Americans have been so strenuously ing naturally on from home to school, from family trying to forget that as Americans we are demo- to friends and teachers, with no jars and no seg- cratic, and have been so laboriously taking on the mentation. We cannot fail to see that in the large airs and customs of the aristocracy that we find sense of " social," all life is social where people- ourselves, now that democracy is in fashion, ac- even two people are adjusting themselves to one tually embarrassed with those notions of exclusive- another and co-operating in living. We have all ness that we and our fathers, and in some cases our learned to see too that ideally, social pleasure, like grandfathers, assiduously cultivated. But the soci- every other pleasure, should arise out of normal ety of the future-that future for which we are and natural activities should come as a by-prod- rearing our children and our children's children- uct, an efflorescence, of our association with our fel- will, if we are wise and honest now, be really dem- lows in some interest or activity. This is why we ocratic. It will not be necessary for them to pose. find the best society in Chicago at Hull House, in Of course, we can never have again the old democ- the studios, in the morning conferences at the club, racy of ignorance and inexperience ; but our chil- rather than at the afternoon tea, or the formal re- dren's children will see a better thing-a reasoned, ception, where we go seeking pleasure. conscious, artistic, religious democracy, far on the It would, then, be quite ideal if it were possible road toward the brotherhood of man . to associate the child's social experience inseparably The best of it is that children are natural dem- and joyously with his school experience and his ocrats. Until it is pointed out to them by their family life. The family and the school, well and elders, they make no discriminations on the ground liberally organized, wisely and generously con- of extraneous characteristics against other children ducted, should, ideally, so fill the child's life that who happen to be interesting to them. Now, the there would not be vacancies left to fill with soci- basis of this society for our children is providen- ety as society. But the home and the school are tially and most naturally provided in the school. It not well and liberally organized, nor wisely and is here and only here that many sorts of children generously conducted. Many homes are barren, from many kinds of homes come together freely either poverty-stricken or slipshod, and are there- and naturally, as mates and equals. Here they fore unsocial; many homes are luxurious, elaborate, meet upon an impartial footing. Here, quite as it filled with an atmosphere of servants and function- should be in an ideal democracy, they must learn to aries, and are therefore antisocial. The school life know and respect one another's qualities, regard- of the children, especially of the older children, but guished from home life and from school life, that running back far into the elementary school, too, is less of the accidents of manners and appointments . professionalized and technicalized, made into mere * * * learning and not living, built around an elaborate We must teach them to look below the mere sur- and unsparing system of competition, until it is not face rudenesses and coarsenesses of children they only both unsocial and antisocial, but scarcely are obliged to know, as we must do in our own human. world, to the real person beneath. Children are, as So, however unwilling we are that it should be a rule, much keener sighted in this than we are. so, we must acknowledge that the recreative out- If ever you sympathetically investigated some "un- of-school life of our children has been erected into desirable" friend your child had picked up, to whom a sort of institution, modeled upon adult "society," his soul seemed to cleave, you have pretty certainly having its own machinery, its ceremonies and found that behind the disreputable sweater was a events. It is this specialized recreation, as distin- big human heart; that the grimy little paws knew we must handle, gently and gradually transform- how to do interesting things; that there was a real- 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. ity, a pungency, a "ginger" in this small democrat plorable to thrust a child untimely into a mature that you, and certainly your child, never found in experience, and forestall or force the beautiful ripe- the patent-leather-shod friends he met at the danc- ness of each stage of his life. To take the child to ing-school. It is a criminal thing to blind and the theater-the theater "as is"-to grand opera, to defeat this power of insight in a child, and lead him concerts where he hears difficult music psychologi- to choose his friends by their appointments and cally twenty years beyond him, to evening parties, their mamma's street numbers. And we must our- is to wrong him mentally, morally, physically, so- selves learn to look more lightly at the more super- cially. There should be drama for children ; there ficial manifestations of manners, morals and speech, should be many more of the concerts for young and not to fall into a flutter at the appearance of people, which Mr. Thomas knew so well how to undesirable symptoms in our own children, as if arrange ; but the children should not be thrust into they argued incurable contamination. Speech too artistic and social experiences suitable only for their good, manners too perfect, make a pariah of a child elders . Above all, they should be spared as long in the playing-field. He knows this, and it is a sad as possible the appalling complexity, the depress- day when he consciously adopts one code for "the ing too-much, which makes the lives of their elders kids" and another for his mamma's four-o'clock one ignoble scramble, or a constant series of voli- tea. I have heard an epigram, which like all epi- tional upheavals of choice-making. grams, is not more than nine-tenths extravagance We mean, in the second place, simplicity as op- or flippancy : "Every boy from seven to twelve is posed to costliness. Well-to-do and experienced either a pig or a prig, with this difference the pig people know that there can never be any true de- is curable." To be a true social democrat, and to mocracy among the children or elsewhere, so long bring up our children as such, we must lay by some as they flaunt the signs of their difference-fine of our fears for the frailty of their manners and clothes, much spending-money, luxurious appoint- morals, and must cultivate a simpler, heartier ideal, ments . Everybody knows, however, that this is a so that we can tolerate in our homes and as play- delicate and difficult question. Clothes should be fellows with our children many other people's chil- good and serviceable and tasteful. Unfortunately, dren whose speech and manners we ourselves have the matter of their tastefulness is partly a matter of not formed. fabrics and materials, in which we are in the hands We should welcome heartily the tendency every- of the manufacturers, who seem to have agreed to where visible to make more of the schoolhouse and do their worst for us in making cheap materials the interests of school as a social center. It would as undesirable as possible in color and design. Here, be quite ideal if the school were a sort of children's indeed, is a legitimate crusade demanding the elo- club, or if attached to every school, or within every quence and enthusiasm of some eloquent and en- school district, there were a children's club-house thusiastic woman's club . and playing-fields where the children came together But it is not so difficult to know where "finery" in some interest not strictly disciplinary-dramatic and indulgence begin, and it is the artistic ugliness work, music, physical culture, exhibits of their col- and the immorality of finery and indulgence that lections . All such interests afford sane and whole- balk education and estop democracy. It is indul- some reasons for social communion. Behind every gence and luxury, the offensive too-much, that set school there should be an association of parents and a man or a child apart spiritually from his fellows, friends of children, unobtrusively active, making and make him a social leper, shunned and infec- practical and safe such social possibilities, and at tious. Any woman with even a little wisdom can, the same time immeasurably enriching their own if she will, arrive at a standard of relative-yes, of social experience. absolute--uncostliness, and apply it. She can at Of course, every child is entitled to his own inner least refuse to subject her boys and girls to the circle of friends-those congenial spirits whom he frivolous, the criminal, observances of the chang- asks to family festivals, with whom he spends long ing fashions . Many an unfortunate child, in her afternoons in the solitude of two or three or four. dress, her parties, her very toys, is merely a "con- But he could easily and profitably have this larger spicuous consumer" for her mother ; she demon- contact with many kinds of children, if we only had strates that her mamma " knows how." To this the facilities for utilizing the opportunities of cheap triumph, this selfish and trivial pleasure, school. many a woman sacrifices her child's peace and har- Our children's social life, however it may ex- monious growth, and places a barrier to a true so- press itself, should be organized and conducted cial life. We have all seen children returning from with simplicity. By this we mean, first, simplicity what ought to have been a simple, naive child's as opposed to complexity. The business of the festival-a birthday party, perhaps--loaded with child up to his second year in high school, and per- dollars' worth of favors and prizes and place-cards, haps beyond, is that of acquiring in a single-mind- but, worse still, loaded with the bitterest burden one ed, leisurely way the broad, fundamental things of has to bear, that of a social duty, a competitive hos- knowledge and character. But just as this fact is pitality. Such things as this all parents can exam- ine with a fresh access of consciousness and of ignored in most schools, and the children are found "fussed" and distracted with minor matters of sub- conscience, and arrive for themselves at a standard ject and technique, so it is ignored in the home, and of true simplicity. the children, like the parents, are loaded with en- We mean, in the third place, simplicity as op- gagements and social duties. We owe it to our posed to artificiality. For us grown-up people cer- children to secure to them their long childhood. emonies and social technicalities have a certain We should passionately keep for them their leisure, place. With the world clamoring at the telephone their long hours of time. We cannot too much de- and the door-bell and the letter-box, we are forced plore the restlessness some people feel to have their to hedge about our leisure and our privacy with children experience all there is of life. It is de- sundry difficulties of access. With so many people CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 3 to meet and meetings to attend, we are obliged to doche, for the temples were at once houses of wor- establish a certain technique for the mere ease of ship, palaces of wealth, schools of learning, hospi- doing it. Of course, we know, too, that we can tals of healing, and halls of government. In the never have again the unconscious and unsuspecting most ancient civilized societies of which Egypt was simplicity of a primitive society. Whatever sim- the type, church, state, school, business, was one plicity we win for ourselves must be, like our dem- social institution, while the family was the only ocracy itself, the result of conscious, reasoned con- other. clusion, the fruit of experienced taste. Can we not In the thousands of years since then, though the spare our children as much as possible of the tech- nations of men have crossed seas and oceans and nicalities of social communion, permit them to en- have explored continents, the social institutions joy, as one of the privileges of the American, the have been evolving continuously by differentiations very minimum of professional etiquette ? As much and by integrations until now when we have four as fine clothes, the manners and customs of a con- well formed-church, state, school, family-and ventional society shut in the adepts and shut out one in process of formation-business or occupa- the uninitiated. If we are sincere in our desire to tion, in which the welfare of competition is gradu- help our children to the advantages and privileges ally giving way to the peace of co-operation. In of a new social democracy, we must see that these our age, family and church have been declining, barriers are not erected. The very stronghold and while state, school and business have been ascend- college of conventional and artificial manners and ing. The stream of evolutionary tendency in its practices is the dancing-school. Therefore we find drift toward the perfection of each social institution all serious mothers reacting against the regulation is delimiting one from another. Church and fam- dancing-school. Dancing the children should have . ily may relinquish one function or another but only But it should be taught in the school as physical to concentrate their vitality. State and school in culture, or in little friendly classes in the home- this age of their growth are in peril of dissipated always under natural, simple, untechnical circum- energy. Business, in the excess of its activities, dis- stances, in the care, or under the eye of some one plays monstrous forms. Those who dream of a who knows psychology enough to choose real chil- day when the church shall be no more are as errant dren's dances, and sociology enough to prevent the in vision as those who dream of a day when it shall undemocratic degradation of the girls and the anti- be omnipotent and omnilaborant. Those who dream social exaltation of the boys. No proficiency or ex- of a day when the family shall disappear in free pertness in manners is worth making this sacrifice love are not less errant than those who dream of its for. return to the patriarchal state. Those who dream These principles a true conscious democracy, of a society delivered over to anarchy are not less simplicity in all its aspects applied under the joy- errant than those who dream of the state becoming ous and loving guidance of parents and teachers- sole instrument at once of government, of religion, will go far toward securing for our children a of business and of education. No one social insti- sound and promising social life.-The Elementary tution could be consumed even by a combination of School Teacher. all the others. Each protects the other by helping to confine it to its own appropriate field. The com- EDUCATION AS A PROFESSION. * plexities of society, we may well believe, will in- crease until the end. It is a commonplace of history that all profes- In the light of the known past, we are warranted sions originated from the clergy. But like many in some anticipations. Hitherto, human nature has another commonplace that crystallizes the immature sufficiently manifested itself to enable us to fore- opinions of philosophers or scientists working with see, if not final destiny, at least some phases of im- more or less blindness in strange, dark fields, this mediate futurity. may well be challenged. The older sociologists taught us that the process In the long, slow dawn of civilization appear of institutional development bears close analogies learned and expert men who were generally rec- with the cell-growth of bioplasm. According to ognized as possessors of knowledge. In that age, their view, a social institution first appears in de- knowledge was esoteric, and apparently supernat- pendence upon some other older institution. All ural, even divine. We of the modern age are, in- analogies are perilous; but it would appear on deed, so familiar with men of knowledge as scarcely closer consideration that the process of institutional to be able to sympathize with the plain people of development is not so much biologic as chemical. ancient times who revered learning as to heavenly The new bioplasmic cells are still bioplasm. But worth. Wanting the fit term, we may be permitted the chemical compound is miraculously new. The to speak of the ancient wise men as constituting a profession, the first and the original profession. great mother-mass of humanity we may call soci- ety. Nature forced human society to produce the To cite a specific civilization : for centuries in family. Society and family produced the church. Egypt, this learned profession was at once a relig- Family and church produced out of society the ious hierarchy of priests, a political aristocracy of state. Family, church and state out of society pro- lawmakers , an economic oligarchy of landowners and capitalists, a fraternity of physicians, and a duced the school. And all four together producing college of scholars, scientists, seers and teachers. out of society the new social institution of business. These possessors of knowledge owned country and We speak often of the marvelous modern augmen- people-land, water, body and soul. To call them tation of the processes of mechanical invention and of scientific discovery. But not less marvelous is merely priests or clergy is a subtle anachronism . To speak of their temples as churches is synec- modern progress in the evolution of institutions. In its present stage of development, the school, *Address at opening of School of Pedagogy, New York not yet perfectly compounded into a new, different, University, Sept. 23, 1905. (Continued on page 5.) 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION they bring joy and the capacity for joy. The pain may in many cases be greater than joy, yet we BULLETIN choose the growth-it means life. We would suf- Official Organ of the Ch cago Teachers' Federation, fer the agonies of a Brünhild rather than be in- MARGARET A. HALEY, Editor capable of love. We would submit to the tortures ESTHER TABER, Managing Editor of doubt and questioning that oppressed the soul Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, of Hamlet, rather than rest on a distorted truth or December 23, 1901 . be insensible to the mysteries of life. The path of THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week of life, of growth, of more positive realization, even April and December , by the Chicago Teachers ' Federation. though it be the path of pain-such is our choice, THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is One Dollar per year. Single copies. Five Cents. such is the final choice of all human souls. ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be recaived by Tuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to the order of the FEDERATION BULLETIN, 814-816 Unity Building, CHICAGO BROOKLYN TEACHERS WIN $300,000 SUIT . Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. The teachers of Brooklyn, after a wait of six We are inclined always to postpone life and to years, have won their suit for $295,238.69 for back underrate the value of the present moment in its salary with interest, for the first six months of opportunities and its happiness. The time some- 1899. During that time the teachers were paid under a lower schedule of salaries than the Petten- what removed is seen in the soft beauty of distant perspective. The bare rocks of human reality are gill schedule which was then in force. The suit part of the exquisite whole through the magic of was brought for the difference. the atmosphere. The toil and failure of the past When the case was brought before Judge Gay- are forgotten, but the positive life and joy are re- nor the counsel for the board of education con- membered because they are with us forever. In tended that the schedule was not legally adopted, the present, on the other hand, difficulties are exag- not having been passed at a regular meeting, and gerated. The slight physical indisposition, the not having been adopted at two successive meet- changing mental moods, the lack of some minor ings. In answer to this argument the attorneys for specific aid seem insuperable obstacles. We post- the teachers said that it was conceded that on June pone our efforts for a more favorable time, and so 28, 1898, the Brooklyn board put into operation or life slips away with its best chances unemployed. thought they put into operation a schedule of sal- We should be masters of ourselves, remembering aries, under which the teachers were paid up to that there is but one day in all eternity that is ours Dec. 31 , 1898, and also that there were funds to -to-day. meet the claim. The board could not limit its stat- The truest love can endure much and forgive all. utory powers to act by requiring an adoption at two It never wearies, it never despairs. It knows that successive meetings, when the charter required but in the end love will bring truth. With all its bitter one meeting, and it could not make invalid some- longing, it can wait and suffer, and it never fails. thing it was required by law to do. If this was held not to be so, at least the board, by recognizing The truest love is not merely the satisfaction of the schedule to be in force, had adopted it by rec- one aspect of human nature : it answers the whole ognition, a recognition which reached its height life. It is the greatest of all joy-bringers and the when the teachers were paid under it for four most wonderful of educators. It can hold one to months. The board having power to adopt the truth with a power that belongs to no other force. schedule, intended to do it, did it, and it was recog- It is ever great and new like the morning and the nized that it had done it by the board itself, by the flowers, for it is born anew in each experience and other departments, and by all other authorities. the wonder it reveals to-day is a deep below deep Surely, because an "i" was not dotted or "t" in comparison to what seemed the infinite joy of crossed, when the "i" might have been dotted or the yesterday. " t" crossed, it was not to be said now that the The capacity for joy in any human being is in schedule was not adopted, direct proportion to the fineness and depth of feel- In giving his decision Justice Gaynor followed ing. Hence any course of life which steadily hard- closely the lines of Mr. Shepard's reasoning. The ens the feelings is destroying the capacity for joy. findings were to be based on conclusions of law. A man who has lived so as to deaden his sensibili- The meeting on June 28 was an adjourned meeting ties has sold his human birthright to happiness. of a regular meeting and was therefore a regular Coarse excitement or brutal sensation may be his meeting . A special meeting requires a special no- but not joy. tice, and this was not such a meeting. There was After all, pleasure is not joy, and the highest an old by-law to the effect that the by-laws or rules happiness we have is part pain. The deepest human should not be changed except by adoption at two craving is not to have pleasurable excitement or to successive meetings. This was not complied with , avoid pain: it is to touch those depths of life where so far as the schedule was concerned. However. there is infinite joy and-pain. Hence the super- if it lacked anything of legality on this account, it ficiality of all happiness theories ; they do not com- found validity by the recognition by the board that prehend human nature. No healthy human soul it was in force. In addition, it seemed that the by- would choose in the last resort to be deluded with laws relate to rules of order and proceeding, and a pleasurable falsehood rather than to know a bitter as such cannot transcend the charter. They were truth. We crave love, even though it means pain not by-laws so far as they were schedules of sala- as well as joy. All education, all refinement bring ries . Judgment was therefore ordered for the teach- suffering and the capacity for suffering, just as ers . The School Journal. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 5 (Continued from page 3.) even a possible candidate for the board of educa- and integral character, reveals its component ele- tion ? And since infancy is never terminated save ments . The church has not yet renounced all by the effort of the infant himself to walk and talk, teaching activities. The state aims at tyrannical might not the educator learn something from his power in return for financial support, and the fam- own doctrine of self-activity ? ily maintains here and there the select school. The Let us grant that the clergy were, and that the teacher is a curious compound of parent, priest and doctors are, entirely professional. What are the policeman. Business is now trying to set up schools professional qualities to be discerned ? of its own. A certain form of the school, the met- First, at the climax of its development, the com- ropolitan university, with its many diverse activi- pletely evolved profession serves and controls a ties seems at times, indeed, like a shadow of the social institution. We serve, but do we control the ancient temple thrown athwart the centuries. The school? tremendous importance in American life of well- Second, every member of the profession has a schooled men, their authority in state and church, professional training and is saturated with a pro- their prosperity in business-tends to revive the an- fessional consciousness. Is every teacher intelli- cient notion of the divine supremacy of knowledge. gent and loyal ? The school is not yet an independent and com- Third, the public opinion of general society ac- plete social institution because the profession of ed- cepts the members of the profession as experts, ucation is not yet perfectly evolved. For every upon presumption that each individual conforms social institution is at once cause and effect of its to the standard. Does society accept many or any servants, who should always be also its representa- educators as really expert in education ? I refer tives and its rulers. The servitors of an institution, not to scholarship but to authoritative wisdom. developing a class-consciousness, tend to become Fourth, the profession prepares, admits , disci- united into a defined profession. Moreover, as they plines, and discharges its members. Self-govern- develop and unite, they produce and define the in- ment may be good for male adults in the state and stitution. The profession of education which is the proper for lawyers, doctors, and ministers in their life of the school, proceeds in even step with the professions but unrestricted, it seems dangerous for institution of education which is its form. educators in education. The family clings to the school by seeking to Fifth, the preparation includes every professional control the pupil through the parent, the state need, not excepting instruction as to material sup- clings to it by seeking to control the teacher port. Is there any professional course that teaches through the purse, the church sometimes seizes the the financial ethics of education ? school bodily, and business is reaching out to make Sixth, the profession prevents all other persons it practical and subordinate. Not one of them is from exercising its functions. Do we ? willing to let the school go free. The school, save Seventh, the profession compels society to accept in certain exceptional forms, is still a dependent its opinions and services under penalty of sanctions. social institution. And indeed some of its appar- Has any one ever heard of this in education ? ently exceptional independent forms are in reality Eighth, in freedom, fully evolved, the profession dependent. The endowed university is under the adopts its principles, devises its methods, and ap- authority of business, for whoever heard of a fac- plies its remedies. Not only are the principles, ulty of educators who were also the board of trus- methods and remedies of the so-called profession of tees ? I speak of sheer allodial independence, the education practically controlled by others than edu- ability to live as one will. Nor am I speaking be- cators but there are many persons commonly ac- yond reason, for do not the lawyers control the leg- cepted as members of the profession or occupation islatures and courts of the state; and is not the law who have not the slightest idea that education has the profession that serves the state ? principles, or methods, or remedies. Among this But what is a profession ? We know that law is number of teachers who are mere lecturers or the profession of the state-theology the profes- scholars or school keepers there are not only dis- sion of the church-medicine, the profession whose trict school teachers but city professors in colleges primary service is to the family. What is educa- and universities . tion ? Is it a profession in the sense that the clergy Ninth, the profession chooses its own officers and of medieval Europe were a profession or that the leaders , suffering no authority or influence what- physicians of modern America are a profession ? ever from without. What college faculty now If education is not a profession, wherein does it elects its own president ? Or what body of college fail? The board of health has police powers ; presidents ever assigned an educator to that duty ? physicians usually compose and control it. The What body of city teachers ever elected a superin- court has police powers ; lawyers always compose tendent ? What hierarchy of superintendents ever and control it. Whoever heard of a state legisla- assigns an educator to a city ? We are neither de- ture composed of and controlled by educators or mocracy nor hierarchy, merely instruments . doctors ? Why not ? Whoever heard of a board Tenth , subject only to the general economic con- of education composed of educators ? Why not ? ditions of society, as expressed by the law of sup- Why not face the fact that the much discussed ply and demand, the profession fixes its own fees educator of to-day may safely be trusted with al- and enforces their collection. What convention of most anything save the spending of money and the educators ever dares to talk about this ? prescription of a course of study ? Only business Eleventh , the success or failure of a member of men know how to spend money for educational pur- the profession is conditioned solely by the institu- poses while almost anyone knows better than does tion that he serves, and by himself. Did you ever the teacher what the pupil should study. Does not hear of a college president whose failure was due the collegian elect his own studies ? Is an educator to the fact that he could raise funds for the insti 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . tution ? Have you ever heard of a school superin- AUTHORIZE OPENING OF COPERNICUS SCHOOL AND CHANGE OF BOUNDARIES OF SUNDRY tendent who was succesful mainly because he was SCHOOL DISTRICTS . a politician ? Those who have studied the causes of the success or failure of school superintendents, The Superintendent of Schools respectfully re- for example, would, I believe, readily admit that ports that the Copernicus school is about completed some of them are successful mainly because they and will be ready for occupancy on Monday next. are incompetent and some of them are unsuccessful, The Superintendent, therefore, recommends that even to losing their position, mainly because they authority be given for the opening of the school are competent. In short, professional competence and the transfer of pupils from the branches sub- is not the sole condition of success . sidiary to this school and within the boundaries fixed by the Board of Education. Twelfth, a member of the profession may be rec- The Superintendent further recommends that the ognized by his own confidence in his work and by boundaries of the Copernicus district and other dis- his courage in carrying out his professional ideas . tricts adjacent thereto be fixed. Is timidity or courage the typical characteristic of ASSIGNMENTS AND TRANSFERS OF TEACHERS . the educator ? ASSIGNMENTS . In short, a perfect profession serves humanity in Lillian A. Doty, Goudy ; Mary C. Fanning, its own professional way and upon its own profes- Dante; Carrie Beahen Furlong, Medill ; Helen V. sional terms. Otherwise, it cannot wholly serve Gibson, Dante ; Grace Graham, Burns ; Margaret V. humanity . Henderson, Ravenswood ; Norah A. Jones, Otis ; What then of the professional school ? Relying Laura C. Thompson, Thorp. upon the past for backing, like everything else that TRANSFERS . is human it should live in the present with its face Valeria P. Chisholm, from Dante to Marquette ; towards the future. Not every teacher is an edu- Isabel Conklin, from Montefiore to Henry ; Minnie cator ; only he whose sole purpose in teaching is to Gray, from Sherwood to Yale Pr.; Barbara C. Leu, enrich the mind and to train the character of the pupil. Not every educator belongs to the profes- from Froebel (deaf department) , to Hammond ; Josephine Lowell, from Madison to Normal Pr.; sion: only he who means to secure for himself and Emma M. Martens, from Tennyson to Marquette ; for other educators that freedom in which the best service can be rendered. Debrah A. McGrath, from Dante to Howland; Aimee O'Connor, from Goodrich to Washington ; I am not arguing in order to help the profession Frances E. Stewart, Household Arts department to of education. I am not arraigning those who would Norman Pr.; Emma M. Sweitzer, from Lloyd to oppose such a profession. I am far from saying Nixon . that teachers to-day are ready to become profes- RESIGNATIONS OF TEACHERS . sional educators at once . I have no desire for a RESIGNATIONS . sudden revolution that would sweep educators into Mrs. I. Maud Anderson, Parental ; W. S. Ander- supreme power. I do not express a desire that edu- son, Parental; Mrs. Lillian O. Bendixen, Schley ; cators should immediately have authority equal to Margaret Anita Blake, Froebel; Margaret A. Bren- that of doctors or lawyers. I doubt very much nan, Felsenthal ; Edith Burgess, Harvard; Grace E. whether that would be for the general welfare of Burns, Skinner ; Nellie M. Carpenter, Shields ; Cath- society now. I am only presenting what appears erine Cowan, Auburn Park; Frances Guthman, Gar- to me in the light of history and upon analysis to be field ; L. Dow McNeff, Normal Pr.; J. Haskins a certainty of the future: the school able to pre- Smith, Field. pare men and women for life and yet more life be- TEACHERS PLACED ON THE UNASSIGNED LIST . cause maintained by a free, secure, competent, and Beers, Huldah P., Jungman ; Bergquist, Esther independent profession. H. , Sullivan ; Ford, Emily Joyce, Foster ; Forrest, Learned, like physicians, lawyers and ministers , Lillian, Peabody ; Henderson, Pauline, Revere ; why should not educators also be men in the world Howard, Lillian, Beale; Jackson, Rae N. Weinberg, of men? Ward; Lamont, Phemia B., Kozminski ; Maxson, Paterson, N. J. William S. , King ; Maxwell, Caroline E., Parkside ; WILLIAM E. CHANCELLOR. McDonald, Dora, Auburn Park Kindergarten ; Mc- Guire, Catherine R. Doran, Holmes ; Muenter. Leona K. , Schiller; Murphy, Mary, Knickerbocker ; BOARD OF EDUCATION. Schenck, Alma E., Smyth; Van Nice, Alma Blaker, Oglesby ; Whitcomb, Adah F., Bradwell ; Young, Wednesday November 8, 1905. Jean M., McPherson. CHANGES IN SCHOOL PRINCIPALSHIPS . The following reports were adopted: That J. Haskins Smith, principal of the Field Transfer Cora Caverno to principal of Copernicus school, has resigned, and recommends the transfer school, and elect Dora W. Zollman to principalship of Dudley Grant Hays, principal of the Kershaw of Jones school. school, to the principalship of the Field school. Pay additional amount to Florence G. Daniel for The transfer of E. C. Webster, principal of the services as acting principal at the Emmet school. Shakespeare school, to the principalship of the Accept proposition of Mrs. John C. Black to Kershaw school, and the election of Walter Com- furnish nurse for School for Crippled Children. stock, a teacher in the Englewood high school, to Authorize principals to receive contributions to the principalship of the Shakespeare school . the School Children's Aid Society for Thanksgiving. TEACHERS PROMOTED TO HIGHER GROUP OF Grant authority to conduct classes in the use of SALARIES . the stereopticon in the Normal Extension Depart- Hurney, Martin E., Seward; Jamieson, Thomas ment. M., Goldsmith. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 7 EMPLOYES . TRANSFERS , ASSIGNMENTS, ETC., OF VARIOUS EMPLOYES . TRANSFERS . Michael Condon, engineer, from the Wicker Park school to the Adams school . John M. Mullen, engineer, from the Thomas Chalmers school to the Wicker Park school. Edmond A. Flynn, engineer, from the Healy school building to the Copernicus school. Wiliam J. Rafferty, engineer, from the Adams school to the Healy school. Charles Gohl, engineer, from the Sherman school to the Harvard school ( new ) . William L. Webster, engineer, from the Carpen- ter school to the James Monroe ( new) school . Edward J. Maley, engineer, from the John Cre- rar school to the Ambrose E. Burnside school . John P. Quinn, engineer, from the Goodrich school to the Eli Whitney school. Benefit Lecture for Eli Bates House James C. Spain, engineer, from the Washburne GIVEN BY school to the Cyrus H. McCormick school . EDWARD Howard GRIGGS George Leonhardt, engineer, from the Goethe school to the Beaubien school . Subject: " Self Culture Through the Vocation " ASSIGNMENTS . MUSIC HALL, FINE ARTS BUILDING Frank Dunlap, assistant engineer, Chicago Nor- Saturday, November 11, at 8 p.m. mal school. TICKETS ONE DOLLAR Reserved Seats may be had at the Box Office Joseph Babka, engineer, John Crerar school. John M. Smith, engineer, Thomas Chalmers school. Angus Menish, engineer, Horatio N. May LECTURE NOTICES . school. Peter Pesch, engineer, John P. Altgeld school. November 11, II a. m.-"Dante," Edward Howard TEMPORARY ASSIGNMENTS . Griggs, Music Hall, Fine Arts Building . November 13, 8 p. m. " The Grand Canon of Colorado Edward H. Bade, substitute engineer, Alcott and Its Surroundings," Dr. Wallace W. Atwood, 707 Ful- school . lerton boulevard. Michael H. Flynn, substitute engineer of the November 14, 8 p. m.--"Our Nearest Neighbor, the Thomas Chalmers school . Moon," Prof. R. F. Moulton, Abraham Lincoln Center. November 15, 8 p. m.-" Shakespeare," Edward Howard Harry A. Schlick, substitute engineer, Goodrich Griggs, Music Hall, Fine Arts Building. school . November 16, 4:15 p . m.-" Paolo and Francesca," Prof. Thomas Connors, substitute engineer, Sherman S. H. Clark, Music Hall, Fine Arts Building . school. November 17-"Before the Republic," Dr. Richard Bur- Michael H. Flynn, substitute engineer, Carpenter ton, Lewis Institute, Robey and Madison streets . school. November 18-"The Problem of the Divine Comedy," John W. Hodson, substitute engineer, Goethe Edward Howard Griggs, Music Hall, Fine Arts Building. school. SEPARATIONS . CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION. Thomas Connors, substitute assistant engineer, Chicago Normal school. The regular meeting of the Chicago Teachers - John M. Smith, engineer, Ambrose E. Burnside Federation will be held at 412 Masonic Temple, school. November 11 , 1905, at 10:30 a. m. Angus Menish, engineer, Alcott school. Admission by membership card only. Michael H. Flynn, substitute engineer, Thomas The Board of Managers of the Chicago Teachers ' Chalmers school. Federation will meet Tuesday, November 14, 1905 , at 4:30 p. m., in Room 814, Unity Bldg. FLORENCE E. TENNERRY, Cor. Secretary. A POLITICAL SITUATION . "Will you walk into my parlor?" said the spider to the fly. TEACHERS and NURSES "Well, hardly," said the insect, as he winked the A former Chicago teacher will show you how other eye. to better your financial condition. Address "Your parlor has an entrance, but of exits it is shy, So I'll stay outside in safety and remain a little AMY WITHROW, Macomb, Ill. fly." 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. The Harison Line Illustrations Edward Howard Griggs For Ancient History Note Books 1,000 ILLUSTRATIONS will give six lectures on PREHISTORIC TIMES -Assyria - Chaldea - Egypt. With maps of Ancient Egypt and Assyria. 145 ill. TheDivineComedyofDante Greece- Military, 27 ill. Sports, 23 ill. Medicine, Fu- neral Customs. 20 111. cation, Games, etc., 21 ill. Edu- Occupations of Women, 14ill. Saturday Mornings Shops, etc.. 12 ill. Industries, 16 ill. Social Customs. Mar- riages, etc., 10 ill. Theatre, 41 ill. Male and Female Cos- November 11, 18, 25; December 2, 9, 16, 1905 tumes, 60 ill. Coins of An- cientGreek Cities, 213 ill. Greece and at 11 o'clock at Rome - Armour, 74 ill. Ornaments, Furniture, Uten- sils, 170 ill. Spec- ial set, 17 ill. Music Hall, Fine Arts Building, Rome-Myth and Fable , 16 ill . Sports, 18 ill. Caes- ar, etc. , 17 ill. Cos- CHICAGO tumes Male and Female, 86 ill. Full teacher's refer- ard Twelve Wednesday Evening Lectures on ence set in cloth binder from which different sets may be A removed. Price Shakespeare $3.00 Students' Manual Notebook Illustrations November 8, 15, 22, 29; December 6, 13, 1905 for Ancient, Mediaeval and Modern His- January 3, 10, 17, 24, 31; February 7, 1906 tory, with sample set of Illustrations, 10 cents. Tickets on Sale at Box Office Bureau of Industrial Information 129 Dearborn St. , Room 6, CHICAGO NORTH SIDE Monday Evenings, Lincoln Park Congregational Church, 707 Fullerton Boulevard :: :: THE :: :: Scenic Features of North America, from a physiographic point of view-By Wallace W. Atwood, Ph. D. , Instructor in Physiography and General Geology. (Illustrated UNIVERSITY with lantern slides and by chalk modeling.) November 13-The Grand Canon of Colorado November 27 The Glaciers of North America. and its Surroundings. December 4-The Yellowstone National Park. November 20 -The High Mountains of North December 11-Water Falls. LECTURE America. December 18-The Underground Realm. SOUTH SIDE ASSOCIATION Tuesday Evenings , Abraham Lincoln Center, Oakwood Boulevard and Langley Avenue IN CO - OPERATION with Other Worlds than Ours-By Forest Ray Moulton, Ph.D. , Assistant Professor of Astronomy. ( These lectures will be fully illustrated with stereopticon views. November 14-Our Nearest Neighbor, The Moon . December 5-The Sun, Comets and Meteors, The UNIVERSITY November 21-The Earth- like Planets, Mercury, Venus and Mars. December 12-The Nebular Hypothesis. December. 19 -The Sidereal Universe. November 28-The Great Planets . Jupiter, OF CHICAGO Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. SECOND SERIES WEST SIDE American Literature -By Richard Burton, Ph.D., Professorial Lecturer in English Literature. ADMISSION TICKETS November 16-Before the Republic. December 7 -The New England Group . November 23-Irving and the Essay. December 14-Poetry: from Poe to Whitman. Course Tickets, six lec- November 30-Cooper and the Romance . December 21-The Latter-day Novel. tures ( except Poetic Drama course), $1.50. CENTRAL Single Admission Ticket The Poetic Drama-Dramatic Recitals-By S. H. Clark, A.B. , Associate Professor of (except Poetic Drama Public Speaking. course) , 35 cents. November 16-Stephen Phillips' "Paolo and November 23-Browning's "Blot in the 'Scut- Francesca. cheon. Family, Package and Membership Tickets at The Drama of To-day-By Richard Burton, Ph. D. , Professorial Lecturer in Literature. reduced rates . December 7-Realism on the Stage. December 21 -The Drama of Ideals. Tickets may be secured at December 14-The Drama of Problems. the lecture halls, or of A. C. MCCLURG & CO. Information as to other lectures to be announced, aud as to conditions upon which 215 Wabash Avenue University Credit may be secured, will be sent upon application to WALTER A. PAYNE, Director, - Fifty-eighth Street and Ellis Avenue Chicago Teachers' Federation Vol. IV. Bulletin 100 CHICAGO, NOVEMBER 17, 1905. No. 40. TEACHERS PAID LESS THAN DAY LABORERS The report of the coal strike commission gives similar figures for several of the mining companies , Even Most Unskilled Workers Average More Than and they are all more or less alike. As it is impos- Tutors of the Young -Miner Rich in Comparison. sible to give space to them all, I have selected the Philadelphia and Reading, because it is the largest William E. Curtis Quotes Statistics to Show Small and is under the direction of Mr. Baer, who is ac- Returns to Educators . cused of being the most uncompromising opponent BY WILLIAM E. CURTIS. of organized labor and the hardest and most op- (Chicago Record-Herald, Nov. 11, 1903.) pressive of all the big operators. (Special Correspondence of the Chicago Record-Herald. ) The table just given is for contract miners, who Washington, Nov. 9. -Several people have writ- have the privilege of working as much as they like. ten to question what was said in a recent letter They have control of their own time. They can go from Hazleton, Pa., concerning the comparison be- into the mine and come out whenever they feel so tween wages paid to members of the mine workers' inclined, and they can quit work whenever they are union and the compensation of ministers, teachers tired. On the average they spend five hours in the and other professional men. It might do some mines and seldom more than seven. They go to good, perhaps, to go a little more into detail and work after breakfast and quit for the day before show, by the official figures, how much better man- their noon dinner; yet their average wages for what ual labor is paid than intellectual labor, and how may be considered a half-day's work are $2.75 a much greater advantages are enjoyed by mechanics day. and other artisans than by members of what are usually termed "the learned profession." The com- The following table will show the average annual mission appointed by President Roosevelt to settle earnings of the other employes at the mines of the the strike in the anthracite coal regions shows on Philadelphia and Reading Company who do not en- page 50 of its report that "the annual earnings of joy such privileges. They are required to work ten contract miners, based upon returns for the year hours a day and are paid by the month. They 1901, range between $5.50 and $6.00. Taking the comprise the most skillful and the most ignorant figures from which these averages have been made, labor. The lower wages are paid to boys from 12 we find that 121 miners who made 250 starts in the to 15 years of age and newly arrived immigrants, year (that is, worked a portion of 250 days ) each many of whom are unable to read or write or speak earned $686.08, which were the highest yearly the English language, and have never even entered earnings, and that 103 miners who made 185 starts a coal mine : (that is, worked a portion of 185 days) earned Average rate Average Average nodays annual rateper $451.07 each, and so on throughout the list ; the Io-hour day. worked. earnings. miners who made the larger incomes working the Stablemen $1.89 365 $689.52 greater number of days, and those who made the Engineers and pumpmen .... 2.02 339 685.72 smaller incomes working the lesser number of Carpenters 2.20 274 603.90 Firemen days. It is also significant that those who worked Blacksmiths 1.79 332 594.36 2.05 272 557-43 the greater number of days and had the largest Lamp men 1.97 281 554.30 yearly incomes made the largest average daily earn- Company miners 2.31 237 547.38 ings, and those who worked the least number of Miners' laborers' 2.05 262 538.58. days made the smallest average daily earnings." Repair men 2.14 241 516.70 Chute starters 2.17 229 496.88 The Reading Railroad owns and operates about Bottom men 2.00 235 470.00 Timbermen 464.28 40 per cent of the anthracite mines, and the com- Chute bosses 1.97 236 1.73 266 461.14 mission found, by investigation, that the annual Road men 2.00 225 450.47 earnings of the miners depended upon the number Loaders 1.90 229 434.40 of days they worked, as follows : Top men 1.68 244 409.19 No. days Av. daily Laborers 1.72 231 397.19 Annual earnings- worked. earnings. Plane men 1.79 221 396.20 $1,000 or over ... 266 .. Drivers and runners . .. 1.69 225 380.57 $900 or under $1,000 .... 254 $3.74 Tip men 1.63 233 379.70 $800 or under $900 ... 250 3.40 Platform men 1.64 228 373-33 $700 or under $800. ..... .. 245 3.06 Rock men 1.53 248 348.84 $600 or under $700 ... 231 2.81 Oilers ...... .. 1.39 242 336.45 $500 or under $600. 215 2.56 Spraggers 1.27 225 285.65 $400 or under $500 . ..... 181 2.49 Switchmen I.II 215 238.27 $300 or under $400. 143 2.45 Door boys .95 229 217.64 $200 or under $300 . 103 2.42 Slate pickers .93 226 210.10 2 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. Gas fitters 4.50 The average earnings of the employes of several Tile setters 4.00 smaller mines and other large mining companies Plasterers 4.50 are even greater. The best wages in the anthracite Pipe fitters 3.50 region are earned in a few mines owned by individ- Steam fitters 3.50 uals. In the Delaware and Lackawanna mines the Painters 3.50 maximum was $818 a year, in the Delaware and Paper hangers 3.50 Glaziers 3.50 Hudson it was $836 a year, in several of the private Marble fitters 3.50 mines it runs over $1,000 a year, and it is possible Slate roofers 3.50 for a miner to earn double that amount if he Unskilled building labor. 2.00 Hod carriers 2.00 chooses. No one begrudges these people their good Steami fitters' helpers ... 2.00 fortune, and the figures are quoted simply for the Gas fitters' helpers .. 2.00 purpose of comparing them with the wages of Other helpers 2.00 school teachers and others who work just as hard and are required to have greater preparation. As compared with these the salaries of school The official returns from cities and towns of over teachers, not including principals, in the District of Columbia are as follows : 8,000 inhabitants (which pay the best salaries) Per annum. show that the average yearly salary paid to teachers Normal school $600 to $1,200 in elementary schools was much less than the wages High school 500 to 1,500 Grammar school 650 to 950 paid in the mines to ordinary workmen. The Primary schools 500 to 600 returns cover about 93,000 teachers and supervising Kindergartens 450 to 650 officers, and we find the following astonishing fig- ures : In Chicago 4,545 teachers are employed for nine Salaries- Persons . months, at an average annual salary of $826. The Less than $350 per annum . 18,777 lowest salary paid in Chicago is $550. * $350, but less than $400. 3,019 * * $400, but less than $450. 5,611 $450, but less than $500. 6,613 The compensation of school teachers given thus $500, but less than $550 . 7,721 far refers only to cities of 8,000 or more inhabitants, $550, but less than $600 . 5.365 and not to the rural schools. It would not be fair $600, but less than $650 . 7,972 to compare the wages of a country school teacher $650, but less than $700. 6,135 with those of a city mechanic, or even a miner. In sixty-four cities many of the teachers were But city teachers are rolling in wealth compared actually paid salaries of less than $300 a year ; in with those in the country. In the State of Penn- 116 cities the minimum was less than $350 ; in more sylvania, for example, where the miners I have than half of the cities salaries less than $400 a year alluded to are employed, the average salary paid were paid. Incredible as it may seem, three univer- to men school teachers is $358.56 and to women sity cities-Rochester, Syracuse and New Haven- $272.88 per year. If Pittsburg and Philadelphia pay some of their teachers less than $300 a year. and other large cities in the state were left out of In New Orleans, St. Joseph, Fall River, Baltimore, the calculation, the average would be much lower. Detroit, Louisville and Toledo many teachers are The following table, showing the average salaries paid less than $350 a year. In Pittsburg, Buffalo , paid to school teachers in the several states, is taken Cincinnati, Milwaukee, Indianapolis, Providence, from the report of the United States commissioner St. Paul and Scranton the lowest is $400 a year, of education for 1903. Commissioner Harris calls and yet in those cities ordinary laborers on street them "males" and " females" ; I suppose he means and sewer work, ditch diggers, road graders, mortar men and women. For some reason unexplained, no carriers and the commonest kind of labor are better returns are given for New York, New Jersey, Mary- paid. land and other states : In making this comparison it should be con- Average sidered that an expensive education is necessary -monthly salary- Men. Women. to qualify a candidate for a $350 position in the Maine .$ 37-37 $27.60 public schools to pass the required examinations, New Hampshire 43.58 29.11 Vermont 47.16 29.68 while an ordinary laborer can obtain his position and Massachusetts 145.27 54.61 earn $500 or $600 a year without being able to read Rhode Island 119.06 51.90 or write. A teacher must dress neatly and live well, Connecticut 102.44 45.26 in order to avoid criticism, whereas the mechanic or Pennsylvania 44.88 34.11 Delaware 36.60 34.08 laborer may wear anything he likes, and may regu- District of Columbia . 94.48 64.31 late his own manner of living. A teacher must Virginia .. 34.56 27.20 study constantly and subscribe for newspapers and North Carolina 26.72 24.28 South Carolina 25.96 magazines, in order to keep up with the world's Florida .. 39.68 23.20 33.67 progress, while nothing of that kind is expected Kentucky 50.90 39.18 from the laborer or the mechanic. Tennessee 41.00 33.70 The following table will show the ruling rates of Alabama 31.00 27.00 wages per day, six days in the week, for skilled Mississippi 33.54 29.46 Louisiana 36.25 labor in the District of Columbia : .. 31.43 Texas 56.00 42,30 Bricklayers $5.00 Arkansas .. 36.17 32.75 Stone masons 5.00 Oklahoma 31.93 26.20 Stone cutters 4.00 Ohio .. 45.00 40.00 Granite cutters 4.00 Indiana 66.80 48.00 Structural iron workers . 4.00 Illinois 65.83 55.62 Carpenters 4.00 Michigan 54.76 38.72 Sheet metal workers . 4.00 Wisconsin 81.93 40.78 Plumbers 4.50 Minnesota .. 55.40 38.87. CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. S Iowa 45-99 32.60 Missouri 4455 42.00 North Dakota 45-40 39.00 LECTURES BY South Dakota 40.03 33-52 Nebraska 40.84 Kansas Montana 52.03 44.24 70.89 30.55 52.04 EDWARD HOWARD GRIGGS Wyoming 73.68 43.30 Colorado 09.03 53.04 New Mexico 0477 04-77 Arizona 80.33 07-53 Utah 71.11 48.31 Nevada 108.69 63.04 •Idaho 63.00 53.00 Washington 57-54 46.82 Oregon 51.30 40.02 California 97.21 80.44 There has been a considerable improvement in the wages of teachers of recent years. Dr. Harris states that the general average of monthly salaries inthewholeUnited States in 1870was only $28.54; in 1890 it had risen to $37.46; in 1893 it was $40 a month, and in 1903 it was $47.50 per month, which includes city as well as country teachers of all grades, superintendents as well as assistants in the kindergartens. At the same time, Dr. Harris states that the average earnings for each individual of 29,000,000 wage earners in the United States in LECTURE ON DANTE 1900 was $1,065.69, an increase from $849.03 in "The Problem of the Divine Comedy," 1870. Assuming that the average school runs six Saturday, Nov. 11, 11:00 Α. Μ. months in the year, the average earnings of Ameri- can school teachers is $285 a year. LECTURE ON SHAKESPEARE Various schemes have been suggested for secur- "The Ethical Awakening: TheMerchant ofVenice," ing an increase in teachers' wages, but the only ra- Wednesday, Nov. 22, 8:15 Р. М. tionalmethod is to educate public sentiment, because they are paid by taxation and school boards and MUSIC HALL, FINE ARTS BUILDING county commissioners are compelled to regulate their expenditures by their revenue. WILLIAM E. CURTIS. LECTURE NOTICES . November 20, 8 p. m.-"High Mountains ofNorthAmer- ica," Dr. Wallace W. Atwood, Lincoln Park Congrega- TEACHERS and NURSES tional Church, 707 Fullerton boulevard. November 21, 8 p. m.-"The Earth-like Planets-Mer- cury, Venus and Mars," Professor Forest Ray Moulton, Aformer Chicago teacher will show you how Abraham Lincoln Center, corner Oakwood boulevard and to better your financial condition. Address Langley avenue. November 23, 4:15 p. m.-Browning's "Blot in the AMY WITHROW, Macomb, Ill. 'Scutcheon," Professor S. H. Clark, Music Hall, Fine Arts Building. November 23, 8 p. m.-"Irving and the Essay," Pro- fessor Richard Burton, Lewis Institute, corner Robey and Madison streets. CHICAGO TEACHERS ' FEDERATION . November 25, 11 a. m.-Dante, "The Inferno," Edward Howard Griggs, Music Hall, Fine Arts Building. November 29, 8:15 p. m.-Shakespeare, "The Relief of The regular meeting of the Chicago Teachers Nature; As You Like It," Edward Howard Griggs, Music Federation will be held at 412 Masonic Temple, Hall, Fine Arts Building. December 9, 1905, at 10:30 a. m.. Admission by membership card only. TEACHERS TO TheBoard of Managers of the Chicago Teachers' Federation will meet Tuesday, November 28, 1905, LOANS BY A TEACHER No Assignments Ever Required at 4:30 p. m., in Room 814, Unity Bldg. "Now may the Summer of your discontentbe FLORENCE E. TENNERRY, made glorious Autumn by a crumb of comfort." Cor. Secretary. L. A., Care of Federation Bulletin, 814 Unity Building Would You Be as Dainty as the Petal of a Rose ? Use our antiseptic, delicately perfumed FRENCH BATH SACHET. It produces the exhilarating effect of a tonic, combined with an exquisite feeling of perfect cleanliness. $1.50, $2.00, $2.50 PER DOZEN. SAMPLE (full size) SENT POSTPAID FOR 10c GUARANTEE CURE CO. (not Inc.), 128 Erie St., CHICAGO, ILL. 4 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. a hundred thousand men in a battle and with less CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION disturbance of the corporate conscience than of old. BULLETIN We need a revival of the public conscience to the rec- Official Organ of the Chicago Teachers' Federation, ognition of the rights of the individual, and we need MARGARET A. HALEY, Editer it no less in matters educational than in matters po- ESTHER TABER , Managing Editor litical. I am neither an alarmist nor a pessimist, Entered at the Post Office, Chicago, Illinois, as Second-Class Matter, December 23, 1901. and it is not my purpose to inflame to wrath or in- discretion, but there are such things as a righteous THE FEDERATION BULLETIN is published weekly during the year, excepting the months of July and August, and the last week οι indignation and a self-assertion of the individual April and December, by the Chicago Teachers ' Federation. that need to be aroused occasionally. Before me THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE is One Dollar per year. Single copies, Five Cents. are the leaders in education in Kentucky as well as ALL CONTRIBUTIONS, including advertisements, must be received by Tuesday evening to insure insertion in the current issue. the laymen, and we are all deeply concerned in the ALL REMITTANCES by check or draft should be made payable to vital educational problems of this commonwealth. the order of the We believe that teaching should be made more pro- FEDERATION BULLETIN, 814-216 Unity Building, CHICAGO fessional and that professional interests should be Business office hours, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Phone Central 3904. safeguarded. We believe that the initiative should come from within rather than from without, and TEACHERS ' FEDERATION . that the watchman should be stationed within as 1 well as without. If teachers do not look after their own interests, they will not be looked after very Address Before Kentucky State Teachers' Association industriously. If the conditions surrounding the at Mammoth Cave, June 22, 1905. educational interests of this great commonwealth are not studied carefully by her educators and every By Henry G. Williams, Dean State Normal College effort made to improve them by those in position to Ohio University, Athens , Ohio, and Editor and understand her needs, the chances are they will go Publisher of "The Ohio Teacher." a long time unimproved. I believe that right here, this day, the teachers of Kentucky will organize a Momentous transitions and evolutions are taking movement that will prove a might in the cause place in our conceptions of professional ethics and of right and that the professional interests of edu- in our professional practices. These evolutions cation in this state will receive an acceleration never are for the better. Things do not evolve back- before possible. This is a momentous hour for the wards. Although a long period of time is usually educational interests of Kentucky. What will you required to produce the evolution of a species, a do with it ? nation, a type, a standard, or an ideal, there are I have already alluded to the present demands often points in the series of changes at which for a high standard of scholarship on the part of the transitions seem to be sudden, surprising, and the teacher. The standard demanded is not too unexpected. It is ever thus with growth of any high; we can well afford to place it higher, but we kind whether of the plant, the child, the nation, or must insist upon the necessity of a kind of scholar- -the soul. Suddenly the embryo bursts its shell, the ship which means more than a knowledge of the bud bursts into a flower, or the people throw off languages, mathematics, sciences and history, valua- the shackles of oppression and ignorance, or the ble as that is. We must stand for this academic soul is suddenly born into a new life. But perhaps scholarship plus professional scholarship and train- the embryo was ages in getting ready to burst its ing. It is one thing to know mathematics, and alto- prison bars, the bud seemed lifeless for months, gether a different thing to know how to teach math- the people lived as though they were but putty in ematics; to know how the child mind thinks number the hands of designing tyrants, or the soul seemed and number relations. Academic scholarship alone only mortal ; yet these dormant periods are as es- will not suffice. The teachers must also be thor- sential and are as indicative of life as the more oughly familiar with the processes of mental, ethical demonstrative epochs. During these seasons of and physical growth, with the fundamental princi- apparent inactivity the plant, the individual, or the ples underlying the teaching art, with the observa- nation is only accumulating energy, collecting the tions and conclusions of master minds and reform- sinews of war, ready for the opportune moment ers who have blazed the way, and must be trained when all this potential energy shall become actual. for skill in the teaching arts; in fact, the teacher A careful study of conditions in the profession of must be professionally educated and trained. It re- teaching together with an analysis of the changing quires more skill to teach a child as he ought to be and increasing demands made by twentieth century taught than to wield the surgeon's scalpel, or to civilization upon the schools, will convince any compound medicines, or to minister to the sick, or clear thinker and fair-minded individual that the to preach a sermon. This is the work for profes- interests of the individual teacher are too often sional training schools, and your campaign for in- wholly ignored or but lightly considered. More is creased facilities for the training of teachers in this demanded of the teacher than ever before in the state is bound to yield fruit, for your cause is a way of character, scholarship, and skill, but the righteous one. The public demands that physicians emoluments, the tenure, the social leadership, the shall attend schools of medicine, that lawyers shall political prestige, and the individual initiative have be educated in law schools, that ministers shall be not been permitted to keep pace with these increased graduates of theological schools, that the man who demands. Society at large seems too often to be extracts your teeth or ministers to the wants of but a gigantic corporation, or trust, soulless and your sick horse shall hold a diploma certifying to without responsibility, engaged in obscuring the specific knowledge and skill, and this diploma carries individual, and, perhaps, unintentionally, devitaliz- with it the guarantee of the protection of your great ing his ambitions and aspirations. We still sacrifice commonwealth. The man who undertakes to teach CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 5 your child is not required to show evidence of any desirable but possible. There must be practical specific knowledge or professional skill. As a re- unanimity on the course to be pursued. Then ev- sult, we have much unprofessional, unpedagogical erybody must pull forward on the traces. The time teaching in our schools. Teachers who know noth- is ripe here and now for the formation of an or- ing of the great fundamental principles of educa- ganization that shall have for its one chief aim tion can not be expected to do teaching that is the making of teaching a profession, recognized, sound. It must be admitted that much valuable protected, and compensated. Call it a Teachers' time is wasted in school by teachers whose methods Union, or Teachers' Federation, or Educational are poor, whose philosophy is unsound, and whose Union, but let it be known definitely what the move- selection and arrangement of the material of the ment stands for, let your preamble and code of course do not tend to enrich it, and much time is ethics be as simple and clear-cut as language can wasted in teaching non-essentials or in teaching make them, and then require every teacher who essentials at the wrong time or in the wrong way. joins the movement to agree to be an active, rather Your state normal schools will in time correct than a passive member. Millions of good people these things. believe the world ought to be civilized and chris- The way to secure state normal schools is to tianized, but the most of us do less than our best create a demand for the kind of teaching that only to bring about such a result. Certainly no teacher trained teachers can do. The need is exceedingly in Kentucky would feel ashamed to be known as an great, the time is ripe, and doubtless the workers active member of an organization whose expressed are numerous . But who is going to take the initi- and determined purposes are, first, to make teach- ative ? Who feels able alone to carry the burden of ing a profession, recognized, protected, and com- responsibility ? You are facing a necessity and an pensated; second, to create wholesome educational opportunity that are freighted with a responsibility sentiment that would secure from the public ample too heavy for one man or for any set of men or for support for the schools and just and economic ad- any party. If the 10,500 teachers of Kentucky will ministration of school funds; third, to keep the pub- stand together, shoulder to shoulder and not back lic schools out of politics and make them schools for to back, but presenting a solid front, they will be all the people. If any person is ashamed to belong to given a respectful hearing and an unmistaken recog- an organization whose creed is such as this, he cer- nition. The 10,500 teachers acting singly, in any tainly lacks professional spirit, to say the least. way that might appeal to each individual, would not "But why another organization of teachers ? Is be able to accomplish much, but acting solidly, in a not our State Educational Association fully able to united body, they could remove mountains. How cope with all these problems ?" Perhaps so ; but a do political parties manage their campaigns ? They teachers' federation is not merely a pedagogical as- simply recognize the law in physics that a mass di- sociation, nor a literary society, nor an organization vided into particles has practically no striking force, for the study of curriculum, nor for a study of the but let it be hurled against an obstacle as a mass best methods of teaching, nor of child study, nor and its vis viva counts. Oyama's army hurled man manual training, nor domestic science, nor nature by man against Kuropatkin would have resulted in study. All these are worthy and necessary aims, nothing but disaster, and Togo's fleet would have but other organizations find these their fields. The been in the bottom of the sea if he had sent one work I am advocating has not engaged the serious vessel at a time against the Russian fleet in the attention of any of the state educational associations Korean Straits . organized on the old lines. The work of these as- If a thing is right educationally every teacher sociations is largely along the lines of the curric- should stand for it and know that every other teach- ulum, methods, and administration. The profes- sional interests of the teacher and the relation of er is also standing for it. We all know that teach- ing is not, correctly speaking, a profession ; that the the teaching profession to public sentiment have not cause of the unprofessional teaching done in our seriously engaged the attention of the schoolmaster in these associations . schools is a lack of training and knowledge on the part of teachers ; that the cause of the low standard Search the annals of the National Educational of preparation for admission to the profession is Association for addresses and discussions on these the universally low and inadequate compensation ; topics and you will find only your trouble for your that the reason for the low salaries is the non-pro- pains. The guild of the schoolmaster numbers 450,- fessional teaching on the one hand and the low ooo in the United States, and great libraries have ideals and indifferent sentiment of the public on the been written on the teacher, the child, the course of other. We know also that politics of all kinds play study, the problems of management and administra- havoc with our ideals and standards, and that the tion, but we have forgotten (or never thought) public schools are not costing us one-half as much that the school can not exist independent of the as they ought, and not half as much as we can public. Our deliberations have been among our- well afford. Last year the total expense for main- selves about matters that do not deeply concern taining the public schools of the United States was the parent, the patron, the taxpayer and the law- $251,686,000-$157,110,000 of which went to teach- maker. Have we taken the public into our confi- ers for salaries. But in the same twelve months we dence ? Haven't we sometimes tried to be learned spent over $400,000,000 on our army and navy in disputants of philosophies rather than conservators a time of peace, or nearly two dollars on the army of the public good through the co-operation of the and navy for every dollar spent on public education. school with the home? Brethren, do we not stand If in union there is such strength as has been too much aloof from the public we serve ? Do pointed out, why should not teachers of a common- we not too often complain among ourselves of the wealth agree on a few unquestioned needs and unite unjust discriminations against us in tenure and their efforts in securing them? The problem is compensation when the public really does not under- comparatively easy. The needs must not only be stand our side of the case? The public mind can 6 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN . not be ignored in any problem in which the public had much to do with making the salaries in New is a factor. The field of work for a teachers ' fed- York the best in the world. The teachers of Pitts- eration is with the public in building up a healthy burg organized and they were promptly informed educational sentiment, through the teaching force. by the Board of Education that they should drop it The schools belong to the people, and the federation before they got burnt, but the teachers forged should reach the people of the commonwealth and ahead, held mass meetings, told the people their unite them with the educational forces for the im- story of inadequate salaries and increased cost of provement of the schools by securing legislation living, and the Board of Education awoke one beneficial to educational interests. This makes the morning to find that they were only representatives function of the federation quite different from that of the people. The salaries were advanced about of the ordinary teachers' association . 25 per cent, and the teachers were graded into Perhaps I should at this point quell the fears of classes A, B, and C, with opportunity for promotion some who feel that they are being advised to from one class to the next above. The teachers of join a "trades union" and to adopt the questionable Philadelphia had a similar fight and won their case methods sometimes employed by the unions. I wish through organization, and if teachers anywhere ever to say most emphatically that the plans, purposes needed to stand up for their rights, they certainly and methods of the Teachers' Federation have prac- needed to do so in Philadelphia. But they won a tically nothing in common with trades unions, but signal victory and peace has not yet been declared. the whole plan is strictly professional from begin- We have a National Teachers' Federation, with ning to end. The Teachers' Federation never ad- Miss Margaret A. Haley, the fearless fighter of vises strikes or boycotts, and it does not provide a Chicago, at the head of the organization. Its plan fund to fight the employers of teachers' labor. It is to work through an individual membership seeks to ameliorate conditions by getting the public throughout the United States rather than through to see that the schools belong to the people, not to local organizations as such. the teachers ; that the public cannot afford to have poor schools ; that the public rather than the teacher In England there is the National Union of Teach- is the loser when inadequate compensation forces ers, organized in 1870. It numbers in its member- into the school room a poor teacher ; to get the public ship more than 50,000 out of a total of 70,000 to see also that professionally trained teachers at teachers in England and Wales. Of the 26,000 fair salaries are cheaper than incompetent teachers men in the profession in England and Wales, 25,000 at any or no salary ; and to co-operate with the pub- are members of the N. U. T. This union has been lic in securing legislation in harmony with the instrumental in securing practically all the benefi- schoolmaster's ideas. It is true that in Chicago the cial legislation on education during the thirty-five Teachers ' Federation has been affiliated with the years past. It has done more to advance the cause labor unions, but we can not be governed by what of public education within the past ten years than seemed a necesary course in Chicago-the city far- all other agencies combined during the preceding famed for unions and strikes. hundred years. It is a professional union with pro- The work of the Chicago Teachers' Federation fessional methods seeking professional ends. The has been very effective in bringing about needed president of the National Union of Teachers was a reforms in that city. No less than eight corpora- prominent member of the Mosely Commission. The tions, capitalized at several millions, including the N. U. T. is in the fore whenever educational policies are considered. street railway, electric light, and gas companies, were compelled to pay about two million dollars in Allow me here to re-state in another way the ob- back taxes ( and $600,000 a year since) and to list jects of the Teachers' Federation, and then to cite their properties at fair valuation for taxation. Of specifically a few of the great problems it must un- the sum thus recovered into the treasury the schools dertake to solve. received $800,000 and will continue to receive their I. To make teaching a profession. Teaching share of $600,000 annually. The story of this fight must be made a profession as law, medicine and through the courts makes an interesting chapter in dentistry have been made professions. This can educational history. The Teachers' Federation only come about only through legislation that will fix last year took up the matter of reform in the man- upon a professional basis the standards for admis- ner of appointing the School Board in Chicago. sion to the work of teaching. Legislation must For some years the members of the board had been protect those already in the work and admit to the appointed by the Mayor and the plan failed to rank, after a specific future date, only those who give good administration. The Mayor and the or- have reached a standard of academic and profes- ganizations of both political parties were opposed sional scholarship equivalent to graduation from a to any change, but the federation took up the matter first-grade high school plus not less than one year advocated the election of School Board members at of professional training-two years would be better. large by a direct vote of the people. Last November In New York State graduation from a first-grade they carried the question by a vote of two to one. high school, followed by two years of normal train- The people of Chicago are with the Teachers' Fed- ing, is now the minimum for admission. President eration, and for that reason the politicians and Alexander C. Miller, in his "Twentieth Century trusts must reckon with the women teachers of Problems in Education," says that before the close Chicago, for of these the federation is largely com- of this century this will be the standard in every posed. If these victories can be won by Chicago school in the land. Those who then enter the pro- women, what victories ought not be expected of a fession will be protected, because they will not be united body of loyal and zealous men and women compelled to face an unjust competition with those in the State of Kentucky ? who are not their equals in scholarship and training. The teachers organized in New York on a plan This state of affairs would also result in better com- somewhat similar to the one in Chicago and have pensation, because better preparation would inspire CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. 7 the public confidence and increase the people's faith the computation on it. What teacher can go to the in the efficiency of their schools . expense of securing a college education and normal 2. The second great aim is to secure a fair com- training with an income of but 55 cents a day as his pensation for professional service. I wish to empha- inspiration ? Who ever heard of a man with even size the thought that the service should be profes- the semblance of an education going into rapture sional. We do not believe in paying professional over the prospects of keeping a family on 55 cents fees to a quack doctor nor to a pettifogger, but we a day ? If he has any sense along with his education are glad to do so when we know we are securing the he will put his working capital into something else. services of men who have specialized. We pay This is what tens of thousands of the most prom- them for their knowledge and their skill, rather ising young men are doing each year in this coun- than for the time that is required for them to per- try. Their places are immediately filled by boys form the service we ask. Teachers are usually paid and girls with little knowledge and no training. on the basis of the time they put in, and this is Yet, we want to call the work we are engaged in a about the only basis employed by some boards of profession ! Who is responsible for this state of education. affairs ? Who employs these boys and girls and at Let us analyze briefly this problem of teachers' boy-and-girl wages ? Who turns a deaf ear to these salaries to see if there is anything here for a teach- capable and ambitious young men who are leaving the teacher's desk in one constant stream ? Whose ers' federation to do. There is a general feeling among teachers everywhere that the compensation schools are they that are being thus depleted ? is entirely too low, and that there is no good rea- Whose children are these in the public schools ? son why salaries should not be much better. On Usually they do not belong to the teachers. Who the other hand, there is a very marked feeling on should be most deeply concerned in their welfare, the part of the reading public that the schools are the parents or the teachers ? A little effective work not as efficient as they should be and that they fall could be done along this line by the Teachers' Fed- far short of the real purpose for which they are eration to help the public see this question in the intended. Our magazines and newspapers for sev- right light. eral years past have contained many articles criti- Teachers feel that their salaries are not in propor- cizing adversely the work of the public schools- tion to the demands made upon them, intellectually, the course of study, the methods, the teachers, and socially, financially. But will the public pay teach- the general administration of the schools. While ers more simply because they ask for more ? The it is true that nearly all this criticism comes from report of a committee appointed by the Wisconsin persons not in any way connected with the schools, State Teachers' Association on " Teachers' Wages and frequently from those whose practical knowl- and the Cost of Living," contains this statement : edge of the schools we know to be nothing, yet mil- " If the teacher's wages are raised it will not be be- lions of the patrons of the public schools are reading cause teachers want it so, but because the people those criticisms and many are being influenced by want it so ; and the people will want it so not be- them. Have we refuted these charges of " Sister cause of any philanthropic motives nor out of any Bok, " Mrs. Wallace, and the rest ? What have spontaneous or spasmodic bursts of generosity, but schoolmen done to counteract this influence ? Do for the simple reason that it is to their interests to lawyers expect physicians to plead their cases for pay better wages for the sake of getting better them when they want to reach the public mind ? So teachers and better schools." If the teacher de- long as there are so many people who believe that serves better pay, it is because the public interest the schools and their teachers are not measuring up demands it. Then surely here is work for the to a reasonable standard, the battle for better sal- Teachers' Federation, to get the people to want aries will be a losing one. Although much of this better teachers and better schools. We need to criticism is senseless and groundless, a close analy- fortify ourselves with the right kind of argument. sis of the public mind on this question will reveal When we publish to the world the fact that the the fact that the kind of school demanded for teachers of Kentucky are now receiving but 55 twentieth century civilization is a different type of cents a day for their services, based on the entire school from that of the past, and that there is a year; that the wages paid to ordinary unskilied growing feeling that this new type of school must laborers throughout the country are higher than be taught by teachers professionally trained. The those paid to teachers of all classes; that the wages public would seem to say to us, "Get your profes- of teachers have actually declined in many states sional training and we will pay you better salaries," during the past ten years, and many similarly while the teachers seem to say, "Give us better com- startling facts, then the public as the jury will have pensation and we will secure the professional train- our case clearly presented to it. It must be a cam- ing. On the present standard of salaries we cannot paign to educate the public to a true understanding afford it-it isn't possible." of our case. Let us see which is the correct attitude and then One's compensation is really not to be measured go to work along the right line to bring the public so much by what he receives as by what it is and ourselves together. A few figures may not be possible for him to save. The cost of liv- out of place here. In Kentucky there were last year ing is an important element in the salary 10,449 public school teachers, 43 per cent of whom issue. Carroll D. Wright shows that servant were men. The schools averaged a session of only girls (usually without a college education ninety days, or one-fourth of the entire year. The and normal training, let me add) receive $212 average paid all teachers, elementary and high a year and their board and room, equal to another school, was $202.40. This was but 55 cents a $200 a year ; farm hands $394 and their board, day for every day in the year, and since the teach- room, and laundry; hod carriers, plumbers and er's expense for " food, clothing and shelter," con- teamsters, $700 to $ 1,000 a year; factory girls, $425 tinue through that number of days, it is fair to base a year ; paper hangers and painters, $650 to $ 1,050 8 CHICAGO TEACHERS' FEDERATION BULLETIN. a year, etc. The 449,287 teachers in the United we should labor largely for the love of the work. States, male and female, elementary and high school Some say that the teacher is held in such high repute and superintendents, received last year an average and esteem that he should count these things assets. of $349 each or 95 cents a day for the entire year ! But good opinion and social standing are not mar- Can the teacher render the best service possible on ketable at the butcher's nor baker's nor the candle- 95 cents a day? If this is all we are worth, our stick maker's. We might as well say that a teacher services must be of a very inferior quality. If our should be paid less because he is respected more ! services are worth more, it is a disgrace to civiliza- I am afraid there might be a vanishing point where tion the we do not receive more. Every teacher the teacher would be so highly respected and loved knows that the time will come when the state will that his salary would be "out of sight" ! have no further use for him. I shall doubtless be 3. The third and last line of action I wish to compelled to live a number of years after the state suggest for your Teachers' Federation is that of is through with me and after I am incapacitated. legislation. Not only do you need legislation that Even an old dray horse is "sure of his keep" and will ameliorate the conditions surrounding the without worry to himself. Then, you say, "pension teacher and his work, but, if the public is ever to the teacher. " I am not so very enthusiastic over see the need of normal schools for the training of teachers' pensions, particularly as they are usually teachers, the teachers themselves must prepare the provided. It is the teacher who furnishes the fund public mind for that result and encourage the law- from which the pension is drawn. If we must have makers to see that they are only expressing the will pensions let them come to us from the state, to of their constituents when they place upon the stat- which we have rendered our service. Personally, ute books laws that will provide liberally for the I would rather have a reasonable, adequate salary training of the highest type. Then there are scores now while serving the state than a half salary now of other subects in legislation on which the teacher and a quarter salary at a time when I can give jshould be heard, provided he has right convictions. nothing in return. Pay me enough now to provide The real worth of the federation is to mold public for the present and for an old age, and I will risk sentiment, arouse the dormant public consciousness the consequences . to a fuller realization of the function and possibili- But I have said this is only a relative matter. If ties of the public schools. a man receives but $349 a year and must pay out Let us rally around the institution we so dearly $450 a year to live, it will be necessary for him to love and give to it a consecrated, intelligent service, have a rich uncle and stick to him ! Quoting from ever dignified and self-respecting, and keep before Carroll D. Wright's figures again, I find his statis- our minds the needs of the child as the citizen in tics covering the five years from 1897 to 1902 show embryo, and the good of the child as paramount, that the average increase in the cost of 250 kinds primary, and fundamental to the safety and perpet- of goods or articles most required in living, even in uity of the state and nation in the training entrusted simple style, was 26.77 per cent. The lowest in- to the public school, looking to a better citizenship, crease was in cloth and clothing, 10.9 per cent ; the a nobler manhood, and a purer womanhood, all of highest, in products from the farm, 45.3 per cent. which are the legitimate ends of public school Dun's reports show an average increase in the cost training. -Southern School Journal. of living to be 29 per cent in the eight years from 1894 to 1902. The wages of teachers have actually TEACHERS ' RELIEF SOCIETY. decreased in the same time. In Wisconsin, a very prosperous state, it is shown that for the six years , The Teachers' Relief Society, established for the 1895 to 1902, the wages of the three-year high benefit of sick teachers, ought to be supported by school teachers declined 23 per cent; salaries of every teacher in the Chicago public schools. The principals declined 18 per cent; of four-year high dues are $2 a year. If six thousand teachers were school teachers, 4 per cent ; while the average de- members the $12,000 thus obtained would care cline to all teachers was 9 per cent. If the average most generously for the sick members of the relief increase in the cost of the necessities of life was 29 society. At present the amount paid is $ 10 a week per cent, as the figures conclusively prove, then the for four weeks-besides the two weeks recognized actual reduction in teachers' salaries was 36 per cent by the Board of Education. No teacher can be so sure of her health that she in the eight years. In 350 industries and trades the actual increase in wage was 26 per cent in the five can afford not to avail herself of this splendid insurance. years covered by Mr. Wright's report. "The wages of all other occupations are better than they are in teaching, and the wages in all but teaching have in- Little Margie (traveling with her mother in a creased during the eight years prior to 1903, from sleeping car)-"I guess it isn't any use to say my 20 per cent to 40 per cent," says Mr. Wright. prayers to-night, mamma." Prof. William McAndrew, of New York City, Mamma-"Why not, darling ? " says : "A teacher's salary should be based on the Little Margie-"Because with all this noise God intent to put him in the best physical and mental couldn't hear a word I said." condition for his work. " This, it seems to me, is the correct standard. The teacher's salary should be based on his efficiency and productiveness, and "Now, children," said the new teacher, "the first his salary should be sufficient, from the standpoint thing is to organize the school." of economy to the state, to place him and keep him "But we can't, ma'am," piped a wee small voice upon the highest plane of service, so that whatever from the rear. he does will always be the best his strength will "Why not ? " asked the teacher in surprise. allow. "'Cause," answered the voice, "we ain't got no But there is usually someone ready to tell us that organ." 89061874020 B89061874020A 10.Ar/50 d 89061874020 b89061874020a