^UNITED STATES BUREAU OF EDUCATION 

BULUrriN, 1913 , NO. 55 WHOLE t^UMBER 566 


LEGISLATION AND • 
JUDICIAL DECISIONS RELATING 
TO EDUCATION 


OCTOBER I, 1909, TO OCTOBER I, 1912 


JAMES C. BOYKIN 

. " AND 

WILLIAM R HOOD- 




■ ...1... 1-,- ' 1 1 m i-,. Uliy i . 





200586 

JAN 11 1915 



JljJ 

, '.O- to 


L . 

\n 

t ^13 
' 55 - 


CONTENTS 




Explanatory n^t^e 

Plan of claafelflcatlon 

Legislation and Judicial decisions relating to education: 

A, General administrative control and supervision of elemeatary and 

secondary education . 

B. State finance and support 

CL Local (county, district, municipal) finance and support 

D. Buildings and sites 

' E. Teachers in elementary and secondary schools 

F. Teachers: Employment; contract; appointment; dismissal..- 

G. Teachers: Professional training and education 

H. School population and attendauce 

I. School discipline 

J. Health regulations 

K. Textbooks and supplies ^ * 

L. Subject matter of Instruction 

M. Special types of school ! 

N. Secondary education: High schools and acadeiuies 

O. Technl*cal, Industrial, and vocational education: Elementary and 

* ^ secondary : 

P. Higher educational institutions \ 

Q. Professional and higher technical education 

R. Private and endowed higher Institutions — State control 

S. Librarians and museums- 

T. Education of special classes 1 

U. Welfare of dependents and delinquents 

Bibliography : 

Index 


[LlBt of hollttlns of Bureaa of Bducatlon fotlovs tndex.1 


3 




Page. 

6 


9 

72 

92 

108 

120 

133 

164 

162 

186 

188 

193 

198 


i 


205 

214 


225 

241 

247 

264 

259 

267 

271 

2S7 

296 


I 






LEGISLATION AND JUDICIAL DECISIONS RELATING 
TO EDUCATION, OCTOBER 1, 1909, TO OCTOBER 
1, 1912. 


EXPLANATORY NOTE. 

The following pages present a summary (jf the laws relating to 
education enacted by the following lemslative sessions: 

1910: Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, 
Mississippi* New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Rhode Island, South 
Carolina, Virginia — 12. 

1911': Alabama, Arkjtnsas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, 
Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, 
Kansas, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mon- 
tana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, 
North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma,. Oi^on, Pennsyl- 
vania, Porto Rico, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, 
Tennessee, Texas, Utah, fermont, Washington, West Virginia, Wis- 
otJhsin, Wyoming — 43. ^ ^ 

1912: Arizona, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massa- 
chusetts, Mississippi, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Rhode 
Island, South Carolina, Virginia^ — 13. 

It is intended to include all enactments excepting those of dis- 
tinctly local character and excepting ordinary appropriations. The 
method of presentation is self-explanatory. Important laws are 
quoted with considerable fullness and some of them ^re reprinted 
verbatim. As a rule legal verbiage and details of temporary or 
Ickial significance are omitted when they do npt seem to be necessary 
to a clear understanding of an act. In many instances essential 
paragraphs are reproduced without change, ^hile other paragraphs 
of the same act are presented only in substance. Such treatment is 
requ^d by obvious limitations of space. -The reader will not, there- 
fore, ;9uppo^ that he is handliiig the full text of any law, unless 
quotation marks are used. 

Digests of judicial decisions are indicated by asterisks. They cover 
the^riod between October 1, 1909, and July Ij 1912. Practically 
sU the digests were taken from the publications of the West Pub- 
lishing Co., and the. courtesy of that company in permitting the use 
of .^pyr^hted material is <K>rdially acknowledged. - 




6 


m EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION AND DEltelONS. 


*1 


PLAN OF CLASSIFICATION. 

A. General Administbativi Control and Supebvibion of Elementary and 

Secondary Education. ‘ 

а. Genernl. 

б. State boards and offlcefs. 

c. County boards and otflcers. 

d. District, township, and municipal boards and "Officers. 

e. ^hool njeetlnga; elections :'qualiflcntlons for voters. 

, /. Administrative units: Districts, townships, municipulities, etc.; 

formation; divisions; consolidation. ^ 

B. State Finance and Support. 

a. General. 

b. State school lands. \ ♦ 

c. Pennauept state school funds: Composition and Inve.stment. 

d. State taxation for school purjioses. 

€. General npjwrtionment of state school funds; si)ecial state aid for 
. elementary education. 

/. Special state aid for secondai'y education, 

C. Local (County, District, Municipal) P'i nance and Support. 

0 . General. / ^ 

b. Local (coonty, district, municipal) bouds, nml ludebtiHlness. 

c. Local (county, district, municipal) taxation for scliooJ purposes. 

D. Buildings and Sites. 

o. General. 

b. State aid; approval of plaos. 

c. Decoration; care; sanitation; Inspection, 

d. Prohibition districts. ^ 

e. U. S. flag in schools. 

E. Tkachebs in Elementary and Secondary Schools. 

а. Teachers: Qualifications; general. 

б. Teachers’ examinations and certificates: General. 

c. Teachers’ exainlnatlons and certificates: Special. ^ 

d. Teachers’ certificates; validity; Indorsement; registration; revoca- 

tion. 

, e. Teachers’ certificates; recognition of normal school a^d college or 
university diplomas. 

/. Teachers’ associations. 

F. Teachers: Employment; Oontraot; Appointment; Dismissal.. 

a. Genera). 

b. Teachers* sataries. 

V c. Teachers’ pensions. 

G. Teaohkbs : Pbqfebbional Tbainino and Hducation. 

a. University departments and S(;boolB of education, 

b. State normal schools. 

c. County and local normal and training schools. 

d. Teachers* institutes and summer schools. 

H. Sqhool Population and Attendanoe. 

o. General, 
b. School census. 

0. 'School year ; month \ day. 

^ d. School holidays ^ 

. d. Place of attendance; transpo^tlon of pupils; consolidation of 




i> 


PLAN OP OLABStFIOATIOM. 


tm- 

K 


H. School Poptjlatiow and ATTENDANC»-^ 3 ontlnued. 

f. Compulsory attendance; truancy; truant offlcera* 

• 17 . Child laboi^* 

h. Separation ot races. 

I. School Discipline. p. 

0. General, ^ , 

6 . Corporal' punishment ^ ^ 

c. Suspension and expulsion. a 

d. Fire drills, 

e. School fratemitiea 

J. Health Regulations. 

0, General. ^ ' 

ft. Physical examination and medical Inspection, 

K. Teitiooks and Supplies. 

^ a. General. » 

ft. Free textbooks, 

c. Uniformity of textbooks, 
li. Subject Mattes of Instbu(jtion. 

0. General, 

ft. History, civics, and patriotism. 
c. Physical education. 

,d. Physiology; hygiene; alcohol; narcotics; other health Instfuctlou, 
e. Moral and ethical education. 

/, Humane treatment of animals. 

g. ^ 

h. Drawing. 

t Technical, manual, and Industrial education. 

' >. Agriculture. 

k. Days of special observance, 

1. Other special subjects. ^ 

M. Special Types or SciJbou 

0. General, 
ft. -Klndergartena 

c. B^vefalng scboola 

d. Vacation schools; playgrounds; social centers, 

e. University and school extension; public Iwturea, 

/. Fnruiers' Institutes, etc. ^ 

g. Private. and endowed schools; parochial schools. 

N. Secondaet Education: High Schools, and Acadeuies. 

a. General. ^ 

ft. High^aefihol inspection.- 

O. TkCHNIOAL, IWDUSTBIAL, AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION : ELEMENT A&T AND SEO- , 

ONDABT, ' 

a. Genefal. 

fti A^icultura 

0. l*ade. . ♦ 

A OontlnuaHon. • ' 

P. Hxqbkb Educational Institution*. 

0. General. . . • , 

ft. F^nancdf lands; support 

0. State unlrersitles and collegia ^ ^ , 

• A Carn^e. fund. . . ^ ' . i 











8 


' EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION AND DECISIONS. 


Q. I^FESBIONAL iJ9D HiOHEB TBOHNIOAL BdUCATIOIT. 

a. Teachers' colleges and normal schools. 

b. Agricnltui;^! colleges. 

c. United States grant 

d. Miqjng schools. 

e. Military schools. 

/. Other technical and professional. 

R. Priyatx and Endowed Hioheh Institutions: State Contbou 

a. Higher Institutions^ 

b. Corporations of an educational character. 

8. Lib&abies and Mubeumb. I 

o. General. ^ 

Ik Public-school librnrieB. 

T. EIducation or Special Classes. 

a. General. 

b. Deaf and dumb. 

c. Blind. 

d. Crippled and deformed. 

6. Feeble-minded. 

f. Tuberculous children. 

D. Welfare op Dependents and Delinquents. 

a. General. 

b. Wrongs to children^ 

« . * 0 . Juvenile courts. 

" d. Conduct of children. 

«. Truant detention, refAj:m schools, and schools for dependents. 


4 





LEGISLATION AND JUDICIAL DECISIONS RELATING 
TO EDUCATION, 1910-1912.' 

[Citations to and digests of Judicial decisions are dlsUnfulshed from lefdslntire enactments 

by an asterisk (•).! 

A. GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL AND SUPERVI- 
SION OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION. 


(a) General. 


Arizona: Providing for the establishment and maintenance of a general and 
uniform public-school system. • 

State board of education coniiiosed of governor, superintendent of public 
Instruction, president of the State university, principals of the State normal 
schools, a city superintendent, a hlgh-sohool pt^inclpal. and a county superin- 
tendent appointed by the governor. No salary, but expenses i>ald. 

State superintendent is secretary of the State board and n meinbcr of all 
boards In control of public Instruction in State inetltntions, 

The board meets at least once a quarter. ‘ 

Duties of the board: 

1. To keep a record of proceeiliugs, which shall be open the public. 

2. To have official seal. ' 

- 3. To make rules and regulations for public schools and school libraries. 

4. Devise plans for the Investment and management of public- school fund. 

5. Prescribe and enforce uniform series of te?:tbooks. No change shall be 

considered or made exedpt after 00 days* notice of Intention 4o each county 
superintendent. Adoption for five years. . ► 

0. Prescribe and enforce course of study; determine number of credits for 
graduation from high school, and prescribe regulations for admission to uni- 
rerslty and normal schools, 

7. IXnve charge of the education of deaf, dumb, opd blind. 

8. Issue life certlOcates to teach. 

ft. Revoke all certificates of life diplomas for cause. 

State board of examiners comjiosed of super Inteudeut of public instruction 
and two persons, appointed by him. 

■ Powers : . * 

1. Make rules opd regulations for examination for State certificates and for 
county superlnt€f^entB l|;^conducting exarotnatious. 

2. Prepare qUhstlons a^ forward same to. county superinteudenta 

-8. Make recommendations for life certificates. 

4. Grant all certificates except life certlficatea 
. Salary of members of board pf examiners $300 per annum and expenses. 

CJertlflcates : Second grade, valid two years; first grade, valid four years; 
life certificates; special certlflcntes. 

Duties of State superintendent: , 

1. To superintend all public schools. * • « * 

2. Investigate school accounta 

8. Apportion school money to counties on basis of j^pulatlon 0-21. 

4. Prepare and distribute blanks, etc. Prepare pamphlets for i^)ecial days 
on sanitation, architecture, etc. ‘ « 

6. Allowance for expenses, $1,000. « . 

0. Make report ^ ^ . 


ZFor a leaeral tfeatment of tbrlegliiUtloii of this, period, see 
of lOlp, ldl3* 


^ul BepoH of .tlM 


VO* , • avia, uu* ^ 



10 


EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION AND DECISIONS. 


7. Print school law& 

8. Distrlbnte same. ^ 

Anthenticate papers. 

10. Call annual ^meetings of county superintendents. ' 

Salary of State superintendent, $3,000 annually. May appoint an assistant 
at $2,000, and other assistants authorized by State board. 

Three district trustees; terms, three years; one elected each year; women 
eligible. Women may vote. ] 

HPowers : 

1. Elect officers. ^ * 

2. Make rules and regulations. Snh^ll segregate negro pupils alid mulic 

nece^ry provisions^ v 

3. Manage school property. ' 

4. Purchase equipment and supplies, 

5. Rent, re^wlr, and Insure school property. 

6. When directed by vote of district, build schoolhouses or buy or sell sites. 

7. Convey property sold by them, 

8. Employ teachers, principals. Janitors, attendance olilcors, district physl- 
clans, etc. Shall employ no relative, except by unanimous consent 

In districts of 500 or more dally attendance may employ city superintendent 
or principal ; two or more districts may employ principal Jointly. Must hold 
first-grade State or life certificate, May employ principals or city, superin- 
tendents for not over two years. May employ s[)ecial teachers. 

9. Expel pupils for cause and exclude children under C, 


10. Enforce course of study and textbooks prescribed by State board. 

11. Appoint district librarian and enforce rules and regulations for school 
libraries. 

12. Exclude unfit publications. i 

13. May admit pupils of other districts on agreement 

14. Appoint census marshal. 

15. - Make annual reports. 

10. Make other reports when required. 

. 17. Examine every school of district 

18. 'Call meetings of electors for consultation. 

iTustees may. on petition of 16 per cent of electors, call election to de- 
termine — 

1. Location of site. 

2. Purchase or sale of building. , 

3. Transportation of pupils over a mile from school. Necessary funds to be 

raised by tax. * 

4. Issue of bonds and tax therefor. 

Trustees shall maintain school eight months ; may maintain longer If funds 
are sufficient May maintain vacation schools. 

County and State money for salaries and contingent expenses only ; balances 
may be used for repairs and equipment. 

Duties of county superintendents : 

I. Apportion school money to districts, r 

2^ Draw warrants for all expenses of the several districts. 

8. Conduct teachers* Institutes, enforce course of study, use of adopted 
textbooks, and rules and regulations of State board. 

4. Conduct examlnatlonB for teachers' certificates. 

6. Distribute documents and blanks. 

^ Keep records. ^ 

J. Appoint tmstees to fill vacancies. ^ ^ 

8. Make reports. 

9. >Jotlfy district trustees of meeting by State board of education to con- 
sider changes of textbooks. 

10. Visit all schools at least twice a year; not required to visit schools that 

have a principal or pity superintendent, but may do "so. Traveling expenses 
shall be paid. ' » . ^ ^ 

IL Attend annual meeting of county superintendents. 

May continue schools of any district fo^ eight months when trustees fall 
to do BO if there is money In district fund. 

May appoint deputy with consent of county board of supervisors. 

May require trustees to repair schoolhouses, abate nuisances, provide out* 
bouSes,'<^tc. 

IParm, -two 







SU:M£NTAB¥ and secondaby eduoatiok. 



Must hold teflcbera* Institates every year, and all teachers mast attend; 
two or more couDtlesvmay unite. InstltuteB first week in September. All 
/ schools shall close at least three days.' Teachers shall hA-paid by districts. 

Teacher’s Institute fund one-half ot 1 per cent of State fund applied to 
county. 

^Kew district formedL by county superintendent, on petition of parents or 
guardians of ten or more cliildr^ to superintendent 

Two or more districts may.be consolidated If approved by majority of 
veter^ at election. 

Census marshal to take census of children from 0 to 21 and report to 
county superintendent. May take complete census of n chartered municipal 
district at expense of said district, If so reques^l by proper officers. 

If county superintendent considers census erconeo^ be may appoint mar- 
shal and have censup taken. Comi>ensation of marshal not over 16 cents 
per capita of enumeration; minimum $6 for Job. ^ 

School year, July 1 to June 30. School montJr, 20 days. Holidays: Jan. 
1, Feb. 14, May 30, July 4, Dec. 26, Thanksgiving. Feb. 22 not a holiday- 
special program. 

.All schools 'Shall be taught in English language. . . 

Ch. 77, May 20, 1912. 

Hawaii: Providing for tlie maintenance of the public scliools. x, 

l^be deparUuent of public Instruction shall prepare a schedule of salaries 
for teachers, principals, and supervisors; schedule based ou clnRsIflcatlon 
of schools, classification of teachers’ certificates, and length of service, 
except that salaries of principals and supervisors shall also be based on 
number of teachers under their direction: the department of public Instruc- 
' tion shall prepare a budget for the legislature school tax provided In the 
revised statutes. and such appropriations as the legislature may make shall 
constitute the school fund for the support of schools. 

Act 88, Apr. 13, 1911. 


V 


Idaho: Providing a code of laws for the public-school system of the State. 
Digest of provisions : 

Article I. State hoard of education ,- — Composed of superintendent of public 
Instruction, secretary of state, and attorney general. Has general super- 
vision of Institutions supported wholly, or In part by the State; has super- 


Hslon over couuiy and city sui)erlntendents; prescribes ryles for sanitation. 
etc.,-*of schbolhousefl; prepares papers and provides for the examination of 
teachers; prescribes rules for holding teachers’ Institutes; holds semiannual 
pcetings at State capital and may hold special meetings; 'may employ as- 
sistants. Some of the former powers of the State superintendent are trans- 
ferred to the State board. 

Art. II. Superintendent of public instr^tion . — Elected biennially by 
popular vote; niust hold a life certificate to\teach and he actively engaged 
In educational work at the time of election; must have office at State capitol 
and keep the seal of the State board of education; be shall file all reports 
made to him and shall make such reports as are. required by the governor or 
ieglBlature; authorized' to ho|d meetings of county and city superintendents 
and district principals ; he shall be the general executive officer of the State 
boards of education: shall furnish such blanks as ore necessary for making 
reports to the State office and shall have the school laws printed and dis- 
tributed; shall visit annually such cpuptles as need bis attention, and all 
counties If practicable. • ! 

• Art. III. Sia^e textbook commission . — State euj^ertntendent nod six mem- 
bers appointed by the State board of education ; teeethigs held upon call of 
State superintendent; commission shall adopt a uniform system of textbooks, 
except, upon'^petltmn from Independent districts, ispectnl adoptions knay be 
made ^r such dlstHcts; all ado^lons for a perlodiof six years; commission 
iball advertise for bids and contracts sbaU be mane; publishers must keep 
books 00 hand at 'depositories ; district board absOl make requisition upon 

.the county superlDtwxdent, who shall order the ^ ' * 

depository.. * . , 

Ajrr. IV. County auperinirendenf:— Elected for te^ 

. be over 26 years of age and a teacher with a certl 
first-grade dounty certificate; supervi^ schools of i 
In^pendea^t . he shaU organise the teac;he 


lulslte books from the 

of two years; must 
Scate not lower than a 
excppt in <^asa A 
ande^ nSB saswristou 













12 


EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION AND DEOISIONa 


for professional betterment; he may employ assiatanta; be shall be In bis 
oflke five days each month; shall keep records and make reports as re- 
quired by law ; shaH enforce the rnlea of the State board of education regard- 
ing the construction, sanitation, etc., of schoolbonses; shall hold annual ' ex- 
aminations of applicants fof teachers' certiflcates; s^U appoint trustees of 
new districts to hold office until regular election. 

Abt. V. School districU. (See Art XIII for indepoident districts. ) ^n 
petition, county commissioners may create new districts; two or more dis- 
tricts. on petition of a majority of the heads of families, may be consolidated ; 
joint districts may be formed from territory belonging to two or more con- 
tiguoDS conntles ; new districts shall have their pro rata of money appor- 
tioned; districts felling to keep up organization and maintain a school or 
failing to show an average attendance of more than five shall lapse. 

Abt. VI. Di^rict trustees (common schools), — Composed of three members, 
one elected ea^ year for a term of thyee years ; annual school meeting on 
tihe third Monday in April; business proposed for such meeting to be pre- 
vionsly published; trustees to be elected by ballot at suCh meetiug; a special 
school levy, not to exceed 15 mills, may be determined; meeting shall de- - 
termlne length of school term, which shall not be less than four months In 
districts having 20 pupils or fewer, six months In districts having 20 to 76 
pupils, nine months In districts having more than 75 pupils; trustees shall 
qualify within 15* days after election ; on notice from trustees, assessor must 
assess taxes dererrfiined upon ; regular trustees’ matings held on last Mon- 
day Id March ; trustees’ duties are to employ teachers, fix salaries and non- 
resident tuition fees, discharge teachers for cause, have custody of school 
property, furnish necessary supplies and equipment, devote 3 ^r cent of 
school moneys appropriated to libraries, make an annual report In writing. 

Art. VII. Sbhool funds and finances.— State public school fund consists of 
proceeds of school l^nds and moneys accruing from estates of deceased per- 
sons; county commissioners shall levy a county school tax of not less than 
5 nor more than 10 mills; moneys arising from fines and forfeitures or pesai 
offenses are added to county school fund. Income from State school fbmi 
and State taxes are distributed to counties on the basis of school popnja- 
tlon. (bounty superintendent apportions State ^nd county funds ns follows: 
Two-thirds on basis of school population ; 6 per cent, or so much of 5 per cent 
as necessary, of remaining one-third to rural high schools on a basis of number 
of teachers employed; 50 per cent, or so mntJh of 60 per cent as necessary;^ 
remaining one-pjird to weak districts which have levied their maxlnfum 
Nmft of 10 mills; all the remainder to districts on basis of school 'populntfeh. 

Ait. VIII. School' district honda. — Question of issuance to be submitted py 
trustees to qualified voters; anmunt of bond Issue not to exceed 12 per centW 
property valuation and Interest nob4) exceed 0 per cent ; tax levy for Interest 
and sinking fund. 

Art: DC. Teachers. — Trustees must fnmlsh necessary blanks, and teachers 
must make reports; for failure to make report one-tenth of salary may be 
withlield; may suspend pupil pending irctton of trustees. 

Aw. X. Certification of teachers. — Examinations for State and for State 
life certificates held on fourth Thursday In February and August ; for county 
.ceytiflcates examlnatlous held on fourth Thursday In February, May, August, 
and November; State board of education Issues State certificates, speclallRts' 
State certificates, each valid for eight years, and a State life certificate; Stale 
certiflcdtes may be Issued to graduates of approved Instltiitlons ontfdde the 
State; graduates of University of Idaho are entitled to SUte certificates; 
life, certificates to persons holding life certificates in other States may be 
granted by indorsement; after teaching five years teachers may be granted 
life certilk^te^after successful examination; certtflcates may be revoked by 
State board, for canqe. \ » . 

Ooutity 'certificates taaned by county sapeiinteDdents on authority of State 
board; three grades-nfirst grade, five years; second grade, three years; tlilrd 
grade, one year; exatnlnation for each grade In prescribed studies; upon 
exhanstlon of .supjply of legally qualMCd teachers, special thlid-c^de certifi- 
cates- and pa^ts to teach may issued; county superintendent may revoke 
county certifl^te for cause. ' 

jLit. XL Teachers* tnatitsiea.^Held annaally by county superintendent, and 
to ftonti&ne hot less than fi hor more tiian 16 days x two or more counties may 
mmeT t^diers hrakt^atteia^t lease 6 dsjra and may dra^ salary as whmi 
Hnt^deht ib|ll dmptcy director, and may Inemr ekpianaiB not 



p 


18 


ELSUENTABT AITD BEOOin>AB7 BDUOATIOK. 
* 


Av.XII. Summer normal tcAooU. — A comml^on of sammer normal acbools 
Is crea^; commiBslon sbaU establish three sncb schools; sesdon shall con- 
tinue not less than six weeks; funds appropriated by State and tuition fees 
constitute **Mnmer normal-school fund.’* 

Abt. XIII. THdcpendent school diatrioK.—Composed of districts baTlng prop- 
erty raluatloD of $150,000 or more; establishment determined by qualified j 

voters; six trustee^ two elected annually for terms of three years each; 
vncancies filled for unexpired term by remaining trustees ; ho trustee shall be 
interested in a school contract; meetings heUlron second Monday of each 
; month. Duties of trustees: To make necessary rules and by-laws, to employ' 
and discharge teachers and other emploj’ees. to levy a special tax sufflcient to 
. run Bcbools nine months, bnt not to exceed 20 mills; to byild necessary build- 
ings and to provide equipment and supplies, to expel unruly pupils, to deter- 
mine the number and qualifications of teachers, to require pupils to be fur- 
nlsbed^lW^roper books and supplies, to cxcludp wM^tartan literature from 
schoolMEl school .libraries, to protect the morals and health of puplla 
Independent districts. Class A, are districts haring 35 or more teachers. 

Additional powers : To adopt a course of study, io adopt textbooks, to employ 
a superintendent ’ ’ 

, Art. XIV. Rural high schools. — Sections 134-136 amend sections 1-3 of an 
act tq,create rural high-school districts Changed constitution of bont^ of 
trusted of rural high schools and requirement that manual training, agri- 
culture. and housebuld economy be taught. Sections 137-140 are Identical with 
sections 4-7 of the act to creote rural hlgh-school districts. 

Art. XV. Pret*cn/ton of disease. — Owner of bouM and attending physician 
shall give notice of conta^ous disease, and affected peieons shall be kept apari 
from other pei^ns; members of affected families shall be hnrr^ 
schools; exposed textbooks shall be disinfected. \ 

Art. XVI. Compulsory education, — The compnlsory-^ucation .low shall be 
the provisions of section 100 of this act; connty superintendent shall publish 
compulsory-education law In two newspapers: district clerk shall fumisb 
head teacher with list of children between 8 and 18 years of age; head teacher 
shall check enrollment against list furnished, and make monthly report to 
codnty superintendent. ■ 

Art. XVII. Proceedinffw for the correctiofi of deUnQumt oAUdren. — This 
article incorporates sections 8320-8337 of the revised codes. 

Art. XVIII. ChUd lobor. — This article Incorporates aectlona 1406-1473 of 
the revised codes. 

Art, XIX. fitoto Hbrory commlarion, — Composed of attorney genefld^ secre- 
tary of stiite. State superintendent of public Instmction, and president of 
State university; has charge of traveling libraries; State superlnt^dent as 
secretary shall keep proper records and accountsi 

Art. XX. Pab/Ic Kbraries.— This article incorporates sections 685-692 of the 
revised codes. j 

Art. XXI. ^fUccItoneoua proi7<sto«a.— ^tffllan or partisan instruction for- 
hidd^; State superintendent shall furnish questions to county superlotend- 
^ ents for eighth-grade examinations, and all pupils shall pahs sneh examlna- 
tlons before receiving eighth-grade diploma ; county superintendent shall set 
apart one day in April as Arbor t)ay; district school boards may establisii 
klndergn^ens for children between 3 and 6 years of age, and such kindergar- 
tens shall be supported out of the district special bix. ^ ^ 

Aw. XXII. R^aling ttonflicHnff Uhcs. . ^ 

Ch. 159, Mar. 7, ^ 

* Idaho (1912) : Act of March 7, 1011 (taws 1011, cb. 150), Is n cqmptete ^6 
and system for the government ap^regul&tion of ct>mmon schools, and dnssi-^ 
flea school dlstrictam “ school dlstncte'* In article 6, and ** independent school- 
districts'* In article 18.—Wood r. Independent Sch. Diet No, 2, 124 Pac, 780, 


minols; Creating a commlBslon .to procure plans and spedfleattons fl$r a State 
educational bqtlding, and.|iiffiolect a site for the same.. 

"Sel4 bnUdlng Is expected to house^s scientific. museum, the Stete Historical 
^Bocle^, Mworial Hall for historical relics, and the departnmt of public 
insrroction. Appropriation for the oommlsslon. $5,000; , . 

a*B. 465» p May 26, IWt 





14 


BDtrOAnOWAL LK0I8LATI0N ATO DEOISIOKB. 


m 


ladiMi*: ProTiding for an InyestlgBtlon of tbe needs for god methods of lndn»> 
trial and agricnltonl education. 

gOTemor shall appoint a commission of seven on IndostrUl and agrt- 
cnltoral edu^^on; no compensation except to secretary; appropriation for 
expenses, fl,uuO. 

w^lBBlon riwU InvesUBate the needs of education In the different 
indnsmM of Indiana, ax^ how far the needs are met by existing Institutions 
and shall consider what new forms of educational effort may be advisable* 
and ^all make such inveettgations as may be practicable through printed 
twtlmony of exi^irts as to similar educational work done bv 
^er States, by the States Government, and by 

commission shall hold hearings In at least five different communities of 
the State and Invite the testimony of Interested parties and experts and Sail 
make a report to the governor for transmission to the legislature not later 
than January 1, 1913. . 'oh. 162, Mar. 4. Ifill. 

Indiana: Submitting to the voters of the State at the general election In Novem- 
ber, 1912, a new constitution to supersede the const! tutl cm of 1851. 

Provisions relating to education : 

▲mCLB IV. * ^ 

8»c. 22. The ^neral assembly shall not pass local or special laws • • • 
^^idlng for Bupportlng common schools and for the 4)reservaUon. of school 

Sbo. 22. In all the cases* enumerated in the preceding sectlim, and In all 
other ^ses where a general law can be made applicable, all laws shall be 
general and of uniform operation throughout the State. 

• AKTICLE VTH. 

S*c. 1. Knowleflre and learning, generally diffused throughout a community 
bring easentlal to the preseryaUon of a free government. It shall be the duty of 
the general assembly to encourage by all suitable means moral, intellectual 
•dentlflc, and agricultural improvement, and to provide by law for a general « 
and uniform system of common schools wherein tuition shall be without charae 
and equally open to all. 

Sua 2. The common-school fund shall consist of the congressional townshln 
fond and the lands belonging thereto ; ^ 

The surplus revenue fund-; 

The saline fund and the lands belonging thereto ; 

The hank-tax fund, and the fund arising from the one hundred and four- 
' tefsntb section of the charter of the Slate bank of Indiana ; 

The fond to be derived from the sale of connty seminaries and the moneys 
and property heretofore held for such seminaries; from the fines assessed for 
breach« ri the penal laws of the State;, and from all forfeitures which may 
accrue ; « ^ 

AU lands and other estate which shall escheat to the State for want of heirs 
or kindred entitled to the inheritance ; ^ 

^ , All la^ thaf have been or may hereafter be granted to the State, where 
' Qiedri pnrpose It ^p^e88e^^ In the grant, and the proceeds of the sale 
therepf, Including the prooeeds of the sales of swamp lands granted to the 
State of Indiana by the act of Congress of the 28th of September. I860, and 
dojiacting the expense of srie<*tlng and draining the same; 

Taxes property of corporations that may be assessed by the general 
^ assemb^ tbt compen-school poiposee 

Ssa A The principal of tbe commcm-sriiool fond shall remain a perpetual 
fond which may be Increased, but shall never be diminished ; and the Income 
thereof shaU be Inviolably appropriated to the support of common Schools 
w and to no otner purpose whatever.* 

^ ftxa 4. tbe general assembly shall Invest In some safe and profitable manner 
sH such porUoDs of tbe commoi^^cliool fuxid as have not beretofbre been 
Intnuted to the several .counties) .eed^shall make provision by law Ibr the 
dliMbntloh ihte|^ th^eot 


..x 



. BLBMENTABY AND 8EC0NDABY EDUCATION, 


16 


„.,SBa 5. If any county shall fbll to demand Its proportion of racb Interest 
for common-achool purposes, the same shall be'relnTested tor the b^eflt of 
such county. 

Skc. 6 . The several counties shall be belri liable for the preeervatlou of so 
much of the said fund as may be Intrusted to them, and for the peyment of the 
annual Interest thereon. 

Ssc. 7. All trust funds held by the State shall remain invlolatev and be fhltb- 
fully and exclusively applied to the purposes for which the trust was created. 

Sic. 8. The genera^ assembly shall provide for the election by the voters of 
the State of a State superintendent of public instruction, who shall bold his 
office for four years and whose duties and compensation shall be prescribed 
• by law. 

AsncLX ir, 

Sec. 1. It shall be the duty of the general assembly to provide by law for 
the support of Institutions for the education of the deaf and dumb and of the 
blind and also for the treatment of the intone. . 

Sic. 2. The general assembly shall provide houses of refuge for the correc- 
tion and reformation of Juvenile offenders. 

ABTIGLl X. 

Sic. 1. The general assembly shall provide by law for a uniform and equal 
rate of assessment and taxation, and shall prescribe such regnlatlons as toall 
secure a Just valuation for taxation of all property^ both real and personal, 
excepting such only, fox municipal, educational, llteraxy, adentlffc, rellgioni^ 
or charitable purposes, as may be toecl&Uy exempted by law. 

Cb. U8, Mar. 4, mi 

Notb. — T he only change in the above aeetloiiB U the extenaloD of the term of the 
State toperlntendent of public instructlOD firom two to four yeart, 

Indiana; Creating the Indiana centennial commission to formulate plans for 
the celebration of the admiBsien of Indiana intatbe Union by the erection of. 
a building to be known as the Indiana educational building, for the nse of the 
State Library and Museum, public^ library comi&isaioii, and the educational 
and scientific offices df the State. Ch. 65, Mar. 1, 1911 

s 

Kansas: Relating to equal suffrage. ^ * 


Proposing an amendment to the State constitution as follows : The rights 

of cUIzena of the State bf Kansas to vote and hold office shall not be denied 
or abridged on account of sex."* Said amendment shall be submitted to the 
electors In lOlZ Ch. 337, Fto. 9, 1911 


* Missouri (1912) : Statutes relating to schools held to be liberally construed, 
so as to open the schools to children of the State, in view of Const, art. 11, 
sec. 1.'— State ex rel. Halbert v. Clymer et al, 147 S. W., 1119. 

Nevada: An act concerning public schools, and repealing certain acts relating 
thereto. 


A general revision of the schooriawa The following changes are noted: 

Oh. 1. State board of education . — Schools of the first class may use modified 
courses of study In lien of the regular State conrse, subject to the approval 
of the State booi^. Tmstees In dlstiicta of the first class may adopt Uats of 
books for the libraries of thetr respective districts and are not restricted to 
the lists adopted by the State board. Power of said board to revoke Of tus- 
pend State teachers* diplomas and State certificates Is extended. Said board 
may dad^te some monthly Journal as the official organ of the depar^nmit 
of education. One copy of each tasne of the same shall be sent to the clerk 
of each school dlstrl^ and the cost thereof shall *be paid from tho State 
distributive fund, ; 

. Oh. 2. Sttperinlemlefif of ptiUio 4ntfmcl4of».r-^Allow8 $1,009 per annum to 
the said supertnttodent for trlvellng ozptoaei. Jncreaaes appropriation for 
$tate InrtltQte from $^. to $600 aannally, and for each of. thb five district 
ibstttdtos from $100 to ^09* , S^te' |uperiiidairiint;iffiiB^ rwiqtku ^ttiui- fe> . - r 




16 


EDXTOAHOKAL LEQI8LATI0N AKD DE0ISI027S. 


ports prom each deputy superintendent, and shaU supply blank forms to 
s<^iool trustees and teachers. 

Oh. S, Deputy superintendents of ptt&lio jnsfruciion. — Powers increased and 
diUles more distinctly s|>eclfie(l . No teacher shall draw salary from State or 
county funds untU such payment is sanctioned by deputy superintendent 
Said superintendent shall investlgfate protested claims against the school fund, 
and no warrant ahall be drawn to pay anch claim if found by said super- 
intendent to, be illegal or excessive. He may suspend the 'Certificate of any 
teacher for cause, and ahall inspect school records and accounts He ahall 
grade schools, designate which are high and which are elementary schools, 

4. and shall (instead of State superintoident as formerly) appoint school 
trustees in all districts in which the qualified voters fail to elect. <• 

Ch. 4. Teachers^ certi/lcates.—AU certificates shall be Issued by the State 
board of education, except that deputy superintendents of public instruction 
may issue temporafy certificates without examination. Dates for holding 
regular semiannual examinations shall be regular throughout the State. ^ 
Trafl^ In examination questions or unaidhorlzed possession of same shall 
constitute a misdemeanor punishable by fine or Imprisonment. 

Teachers* certificates shall be high school, elementary (replacing jAlmary 
certificate and grammar certificate), special, and temporary. HIgh-school 
certificates ^all be valid four years, and shall be Issued upon successful 
examination to persons not under 20 years of age; they are renewable. 

First-grade elementary certificates shall be valid three years, and shall he 
issued upon successful examination to persons not under 20 years of age; 
renewable. Second-grade elementary ceitificatee valid two years issued upon 
same examination upon a lower rating; not renewable. A third-grade ele- 
mentary certificate may be Issued by the State hoard of education to appli- 
cants who have taken a regular ejfhminatloTr and who were actually teaching 
at the time; valid only until the next regular examlnatlmi: not renewable. 

The reqnirements for life certificates are changed by adding that 36 of the 
72 months* required experience shall be In Nevada. Graduation from ap- 
proved Institutions siipportcd by Btate appropriations shall be accepted In 
lieu of examination, but no elementary certificate shall be granted on any 
credential not equivalent to a diploma from the. Nevada State Normal School, X 
and no bigh-school certificate shall be granted on any credential not equiva- 
lent to a diploma of the University of Nevada. No certificate shall be granted 
to any person under 18 years of age (Instead of 10). 

Ch. 6 . Powers and duties of teachers,— The' o&th required of teachers omits 
previous provisions relating to dueling. Their duties ere more si>eclfically ' 
slated. They nmst file their ce^flcates. make reports, keep records, observe 
the State (or city) cousse of study, and control puplla No pupil under 14 
shall be 8UQ)ended dr expelled without the coiusent of the proper deputy 
superintendent of public instruction. 




Ch. 6, School Certain provisions relating to elecOons are modified. 

Deputy superintendent of public instruction (instead of superintendent) shall 
fill vacancies if voters fall to Meet. In districts having a school population 
of 1,(X)0 or more the clerk of the board shall receive not over $50 (Instead of 
$25) per month. Trustees shall buy, sell, build, or rent schoolbonses when 
so directed by vote of heads of families of the district, In districts in which 
there are fewer than 10 heads of families no schoolhouse or site shall be 
sold without approval of deputy superintendent of public instruction. Plans 
of new scboolhouses shall be* subject to approval of deputy raperintaident of 
public instmetiOD (Insteod of superintendent). Ail school moneys shall be 
paid into the coun^ treasury to the credit of the proper district Trustees 
shall provide at least two suitable privies for each school ; if they fall to do 
so deputy superintendent shall provide same at expense district Trustees 
shall keep school buildings in proper repair; if they fail to do so depnty 
sope^ntendent may order repairs costing not over $60. Trustees shall insure 
btfildings and contM:ita. > It shall be unlawful for trust^ to employ any 
teacher 4H>t le^lly qualifled to teach all grad^ for which such teacher is 
eiiga'ged to teach. 

Ituateea ahall provide at least six months of free school. If deputy super 
ifiUndent shall flhd that State and county moneys are not sufflotent fotiAx 
mohtliaf shhooi he shall thiBteee» and they shall levy a district tay 
safllcietit^td Salse &n amount of ffion^ that: wih insure at least ^ mouths 
^ ttheoL''- OodAty oommlMloMrs shhU eoUeet eeiidi^ D^uty submlir 



blembktaby akd secokbabt education. 17 


tendent sball act !f trustees fall. At least eight montha of school shall be 
proylded If money available Is sufficient. Kindergartens may be Mtabllgliied 
!n districts having a school population of over 100 (instead of 300)7 
Arrangements between districts for attendance of children at a- nearer 
school in another district must be approved by the deputy superintendent ; 
proviedoDS relating'to corresponding transfer of s^ool moneys are modified. 
Kflcb and every memt^r of board of trustees [Inst^d of at least one member] 
shall visit and examine schoola Reports shall be made to deputy snpeiin- 
tondeuL Trustees aliall maintain all schools established by them for an equal 
length of time and, as far as practicable, with equal rights and privilegea 
r Formerly money was apportioned between schools! If convenience of resi- 
dents so requires a school may be held In one portion of a district a part of the 
year and In another porton during another part of the year. In districts 
having fewer than five ^ustees no warrant for payment of money for con- 
struction, repairs, or furniture In excess of $b00 shall be issued without the 
approval of the proper deputy snperlntendent of public instruction. 

Ch. 7. School districts * — But one district shall be created in any community 
containing not over 20 school census children in which a schoolhouse may i>e 
so located lhat no child resides over 3 (instead of 5) miles from me 
^^schoolhouse. Districts not In. conformity with this provision shall be c6n- 
Bolidated. The county school fund shall not be apportioned to any district 
containing ^ than five census children, and the State school fund hha\\ not 
be apportion to any district containing less than three census children. 

Except when newfy organised, no public money shall be apportioned to any 
district In which a public school was not taught during the previous year 
by a legally qualified teacher for at least Mx schoof months with at least 
^ three children of school age In actual attendance for 80 days, 60 days of which 
were consecutive. The duties formerly assigned to toe State superintendent 
relating to consolidation of districts, changes of boundary lines, eth., are 
transfeired to the deputy superlntend^ts. , 

Ch. 8. General provisions * — The school year shall begin on the first day In 
July (instead of September) and shall end on the last day of June (Instead of 
August). Schools shall be kept open and shall observe with appropriate 
exercises Feb. 12, Feb. 22, Arbor Day, and Oct 31, if such days occur on 
regular school days. 

If trustees fail to provide a 'suitable United States flag for any school the 
proper deputy superintendent sball provide and instal l such at the expense 
of the district 

Oounty auditors and county treasurers shall keep separate accounts for the 
library fund, the county school fund, and the State school fond of each dis- 
trict. The State school fund shall be used only for teachers' salaries. 

Any teacher who leaves school before Ihe explratlou of his contract with- 
out the written consent of the trustees be guilty of unprofMSlonal 
conduct, and his certificate shall be suspended for tone year by the deputy 
superintendent . . _ . r 

Ah appeal may be takoi to the State superintendent of public Instruction 
from any d^ision by a deputy ehperintendent 


Ch. & Census marshals.-r-Menj of iBe-Xonier duties of the State superin- 
tendent in oonnectlen with the school census are 'transferred to the depnly 
suporinteadents. ^ 

Ch. 10. School /ands.— State school tax raised from (X6 to 1 mill. Cjonnty 
tax for schools shall be not lees than 2 mills (Instead of 1.6 mills) an4 not 
over 6 mills. District trustees may levy district school tax not exceeding 2A 
mills [Omlta former prorislon requiring 80 days* notice and the aubmlsalon 
of the matter to popular vote on demand of 10 per cent of the voters dt the 
district] District trustees may use county school fund to proride trannoita* 
tlon of pupils. <* — 

Sev^ty per emit of State distzlbuttve fund (t e., recelpte from. Infeieiid on 
permanent fund and from State school tax) shall be d*'mbpted by 
snperlnendent to the aqvetal echool districts on basis af teachefs. < 

1 teacher to each SO census children or fraction U 
per cent shall be apportioned to the severe] s^iool 
the humbef :df :»UdM thirelEi-bstweesi 6 end f 

The iuperlntendent publle Instruction ihek | _ 

IMcti of Mch eoimty 4Q pir ttte.:ecboel^|0^ ^ 




8iB«i teAcoen, cucoliaiit 
tl>erM(; (to runiiiilu SS 





18 EDUOATIOKAL LEOIBLATIOljr AND DJU^ISIONB. 


basis of teachers, calcalatlng 1 teacher to e&cb. 70 census cblMren or 
fraction thereof In each district ; he shall distribute the retoalning 60 per cent 
to the ^eral districts In proportion to the number of census children therein. ^ 

Balances remaining on the first Tuesday in July to the credit of any dis- 
trict in excesB of an amount equal to $250 for each teacher therein (allowing 
one teacher to every 30 c^bub children or fraction thereof) shall be adde<l 
to the county school fund and reapportioned. But if the trustees of any 
school district shall certify that such balances are needed for building, repairs, 
or maintenance, then the excess shall not be withdrawn or reapportioned. * 

[Nora, — Formerly the State 'dletiibutlre fund was apportioned to the several count lea 
in proportion to scbool population, and waa distributed wltbj^ the counties In the same 
manner pret^rlhed for the county school fnnds. It happened In consequence that 
serious inequalities resulted in the amounts received hy aistrlcts of egual population 
in different coantlea) , 

^ Ch. 11. District school libraries . — Duties relating to apportloiyneDt of 
moneys, preparation of book lists, and of rules and regulations, formerly 
assigned to the State board of education, are transferred to the superintendent 
of public instruction. 

Ch. IZ School books . — Stuta textbook commission may continue’ In session 
for the adoption of books not longer than 10 (Instead of 6) actual days. 

A penalty Is provided for selling adopted books at more than the contract 
price. 

I Ch. 18. County high schools . — Minor changes. ; 

I Ch. 14. Normal training schools . — Certificates of graduation from county 

normal school shall entitle holder to a second-grade elementary certificate, 
valid two years In rural schools employing one teacher (instead of rural gram- 
mar certificate, valid three years). 

Oh. 15. School district bond*.— :MInor changes. 

Ch. 16. Compulsory educotion.— Certain duties are transferred from ihe 
State superintendmt of public instruction to the deputy superintendents. Any 
taxpayer or scbooi ofi^r may file p criminal complaint in the proper court 
against any personXfor violating compulsory attendance law. 

Ch. 17. Protection^f school children . — No change. 

Oh. IS. Protection Oischool property.— 'So change. 

Ch. 19. Location ofl^uses of ill fame. No such house shall be located 
within 80io (instead of 4QO) yards of any public schoolbouse or schoolroom. 

Ch. 133, Mar. 20. 1911. 


New York: Authorizing the trustees of public buildings tp expend an addi- 
tional $75,000 (original appivptintion, $625,000) for furniture, equipment, and 
decoration for the State education building. Ch 233, June 2, 1011. 

North Dakota: Providing a system of free schools for the State. Codification 
.of school laws. Changes noted: 




In specifying the qualifTcations of the superintendent of public instruction the 
alternative of college graduation is omitted, and the requirement remhins alone 
that he shall bold a teacher's certificate of the highest grade Issued In the 
State. His salary Is raised from $2, (XX) to $3,000 and his allowance for trav* 
eling expenses Is Incresned from $1,(XX) to $1,200 annually. Minor changes 
are made in his duties, and his office force is enlarged. 

Districts employing a cl^ superintendent are withdrawn from the auper- 
visiom the county sapertntendenta Each county superintendent shall 
' (instead of **may"] annually conv^e members and clerks of the school 
.mrds in bis coun^. The plan of determining the compensation of such 
superintendents la made to depend upon the aasesaed valuation of the several 
Cotinties, Instead of the number of tochers therein. The minimum In counties 
h$Tltig less than $500,000 valuatiqnMs $5(X) per annum, and the maximum 
’ th qnnntiM with a valuation of over ^,000,000 is $2,000 per anaum. County 
Sdpsrintendents are no longer forbidden to teach. 

Certain changes appear In the provisions relating to |lie organisation of 
•diool dist^cts, the tendency being to constitute districts with refer«ice to 
die ot w siffioois rather than to existing dvll township lines. . 

, Dls^ct idiool boards ire specifically required to provide Janitor service, 
li schoolhouses complete sbodfleations and plans Shall 

' be memA it ooit not'td iaceed $25 for i onerobtn house and $40 for a two- 


19 



BLBBCEKTABY AJSTD SECOKDABT BDUCATIOK. 


Tl- 


‘Bvery common school shall be kept in session seven [Instead of six] 
months each year. District high sChoels shall he kept in session at least four 
[Instead of three) months. The 'County superintendent shall withhold the 
apportionment of thfe county tuition fund from any district which has not 
maintained school for at least five [instead of four] mouths. The school 
census age, as well as the age for free attendance, is changed from 6 to 20 
years to 6 to 21 years. 

The board of education of any special district may employ a sui>eriutehdent 
of schools for a period of not over three years. Bonds issued by such boards 
shall bear interest ot not over 5 [Instead of 7] per'cent 

The term of office of, members of boards of education of cities organized 
as independent school districts shall be three [instead of two] years. Every 
such board shall contract* with and employ a superintendent and all teachers 
for a period not to exceed three years, and remove them at pleasure. 

Interest on bonds issued by such districts shall pot exceed 5 [instead of 7] 
per cent. Moneys rai^ by sinking funds shall be Invested in St^ or 
National bonds or deposited In bonded banks at Interest after comp^itive 
bidding. * 

The compulsory school attendance i>eriod is fixed at 8 to 15 [instead of 8 to 
14] years of age. Children living more than 2^ [instead of 31. miles from 
school are exempt from compulsory law unless transportation is provided, 
but in such case those living within a radius of 5 [instead of 4] miles shall 
attend. 

The board of any school corporation may employ one or more physicians 
as medical ^nsi>ectors, who shall examine all pupils at least once annually. 
Notice of defects shall be sent to parents, with recommendations. 

A new system of certiQcation of teachers is provided. A Slate board of 
examiners is created, consisting of the State superintendent, who ^all act 
ns secretary, and four i)er8ous actively erigaged in educational work, to be 
appointed by the govenior for terms of four years each, two terms expiring 
every alternate year; compensation, $5 per day each when actually employed. 
Said board shall prepare all questions for examinations for all certificates to 
teach, shall prescribe the rules and regulations governing the same, shall 
examine, mark, and file all answer papers, and shall issue nil certificates to 
tench in the public schools of the State. Such certificates shall be of four 
grades, namely, (1) second-grade elementary certificate, valid for two years; 
(2) first-grade elementary certificate, valid for three years; (3) secorfifl-grade 
professional certificate, valid for five years or for life in any school except 
four-year high schools; and (4) first-grade professional certificate, valid for 
five years or for life in any school. The board may grant to qualified appli- 
cants special certificates in drawing, music, kindergarten, or primary sub- 
jects. to teachers holding at least a second-grade elementary certificate. Spe- 
cial certificates to teach agriculture, commecclal subjects, domestic science, or 
manual and industrial training may be issued to applicants possessing Uie 
qualifications required for a second-grade proi^gssional certificate in addition 
to proficiency in the proper special subject. Diplomas of normal schoolr and 
of higher institutions within or without the State shall be accredited as 
certificates of the proper grade. Temporary permfis to teach may be issued 
under certain conditions. The board of examiners may give appropriate 
credit for standings received in high schools, normal schools, summer schools, 
and other institutions in the State. Under the direction of the board of ex- 
aminers, each county superintehdent shall hold four public examinations 
every year. Certificates may be revoked for cause by the board of examiners 

The superintendent of schools In all districts employing such officer shall, 
subject to the final authority of the board, supervise the adnHntstrattou of 
the course of study, visit schools, examine classes, and* have general super- 
vision of the professional work of die school, including the holding' of 
teachers’ meetlun and tfie classification of teachers. The superintend- 
ent, from time to time, shall make reports to the board of education embody- 
liypr recommendations r^atlve to the employm^t'of teachers and Janitors, 
l^ptioh of textbooks, changes in the course of study, enfohiement of 
discipline, and general school matters; and shall also make such other re- 
sorts *and perform such other duties as the board of education direct 
and dtiegata 


♦ 


> 




so 


EPtrOAXIONAL LEOiSLAnON AND DEC1BIOK& 


» The reQUlred branches of study are amended to Include less^s In nature 
study and elements of agriculture, and simple Wessons In the ^ture, treat- 
ment, and prevention of contagious and infectious diseases [lij: addition to 
tuberculosis]. % 

The annual appropriation by the State for teachers’- lustittttes in each 
county Is increased from $50 to $100. ' I 

The St^te board of exrfminers shall be the SUite reading circle board and 
shall prescribe courses and make rules and regulations [formerly d\ity of 
State superintendent]. 

Textbooks shall be adopted by each district school board for a period not 
to exceed three years [instead of not less than three nor niore than five 
years]. 

Children under 14 years of nge shall not be employed In si)eoifled occupa- 
tions during the hours when the public schools of the district are in session 
[Instead of during any paft of the public-school ternil. 

Ch. 266 (date of approval not stated). 

Ohio: Providing for the election of delegates to, and the assembling of, a con- 
vention to revise the constitution of the State. ’ 

Said convention shall meet on the second Tuesday of January, 1912. 

S. B. No. 15, p. 298, June (1. 1011. . 


S; 


* Oklahoma (19l0) : The free public-school system directed to be established 
by the legislature by Const, art. 13 Is a matter of gene nil Stale concern 
and not a municipal nfTnlr. 

City charters adopted under Const, art. 18, sec*. 3, can not nm..counter to 
the genenil laws of the State touchiug the free public-school system. 

The acts of a board of odnention leading up to an election calUnl to decide 
whether a school district shall become indebted to an amount exceei.llng 
Its Income for the yeor held but preliminary to the exercise of the referen- 
dum provided by Const, art. 10, sec. 26. 

Comp. I.*aws, 1009, sec. 1021, providing that elections on school questions 
shall be held ”as above provided” held to refer to section 1018 of the same 
article and hot section 1002a. 

Right of cities of* the Indian Territory to reimbursement from the boards 
of education of the State for the improvements made by such cities exclusively 
for school purposes stated. — Bd. of Ed. of city of Ardmore et nl. v. State ex 
rel. Beat, 100 Pac., 563. 


Pennsylvania: Enacting a school code. 

Aiticlk I. School dUiricta . — Each city, Incorporated town, borough, or 
township shall constitute a separate district. Four classes: First, containing 
500,000 or more Inhabitants; second, 80,000 to 600,000; third, 6.000 to 30,000: 
fourth, less than 5.000; Tjnjted States census basis of classification. All 
existingwindepehdeut districts abolished, but new Independent districts may 
be created by county court of common pleas on petition of majority of taxable 
inhabitants. 


Abt. II. School directora.^ln first-class districts there shall be 16 directors 
appointed by court of common pleas; In second class, 9 elected at large by 
people; in third class, 7 elected; In fourth class, 5 elected. Terms, six: years 
in all districts, about one-third expiring every two years. * 

Abt, ni. Orffanizaiion, meeUnga, etc,, of directora, — In first-class disUlcta 
school year ahatl begin January 1 ; in other districts, first Monday in July. 
Duties of officers prescribed. . . 

. Atr, IV, Dutiea and powera of directors. — Boards of dIreSetors sbhll main* 
tain elementary schools ^sufficient for all pupils 6 to 21, and maintain other' 
schools and agencies for education and recreation. , 


An, V, Sohiool flnancea, — All takes for schools in addition to State appro* 
priatton ahall be leyled by school directors; they may issue bonds and oer- 
tifleates of Indebtedness within specified limits: School directors In flrst- 
c)M districts may levy school tax of not less than 5 nor more than 6<mlll8; 
In sedbnd-etow districts such tax rtiaU not exceed 20JnlU)#6r in other districts 
25<mllliL In all districts of the second, third, and fourth classes the b^rfi 
* shall ievy .an occupatlon'tax of at least $1 on each adult male 
* Aj|i5 yi, Grounds and 5a<ld<nas,*^-^e school directors shall provide and 
equip huUdiogs^; eaph new JpRdlhg Shall have proper t^sygrounds; plans and 
SpecHkatlioos lor biiUdixuiinE ssooodi^^^ diis dlstH^ shall be 



‘ 21 


ELEMENTABY AKD 6B00NDABY EDU^^TION. 

Inspected by State board of education, whlcb board shall prepare and dis- 
tribute suitable plans as suggestions. Minimum requirements for new build- 
ings; Light area, 20 per cent of floor space; 16 square feet floor and 200 cubic' 
feet air space per pupil; no stoves without Jackets; ample ventilation; ther- 
mometer in each room; In buildings costing over $4,000 or more than one 
story high, 30 cubic feet fresh air for each pupil per minute and temperature 
of 70* In zero weather; flreproof construction In large buildings; doors open 
outward; fire escapes. 

School buildings may be used for social, recreation, and other proper pur- 
poses. Injury to school property punishable. Flag shall be displayed. Two 
closets required, well separated; shall be properly cleaned and disinfected. 

Aar. VII. Books, furniture^ and supplies. — School directors shall provide all 
necessary furniture, textbooks, and supplies. No employee shall act as agent 
Bribery forbidden. 

Art. VIII. School directors^ association. — School directors of each county 
shall form an association and meet i>eriodicnlly. Each director In attendanci^ 
paid $2 i>er diem and 3 cents per mile traveled. Superintendent shall assist. 

Art. IX. State board of education. — Governor shall appoint,, with consent 
of two-thirds of the senate, a State board of education; six appoInte<1 mem- 
bers, including three successful educators, with superintendent of public 
Instruction ex offlclo member and president; terms, six years. Duties: (1) 
Recommend legislation; (2) equalize educational advantages; (3) Inspect 
educntlonnl work In State Institutions; (4) promote agricultural and Indus- 
trial education: (5) prescribe sanitary regulations; (6) elect officers and 
employ nssistnnta „ 

Art. X. of public instruction. — Superintendent of public 

Instrmtioii shall have general Bilpervdslon of public schools; distribute State 
appropriations; prepare and distribute blank forms and Instructions; make 
report to legislature; give advice and Information; classify high schools; 
have custody of seal; appoint deputies and assistants; I^ue commissions to 
superintendents and assistant superintendents; All vacancies In oflSce of 
county superintendent; validate life certificates of other States and condemn 
insanitary school premises. / 

Art. XI. County, distnet, and assistant superintendents: — Qualifications; 
(1 ) Good character; (5) graduation from college, university, or normal school, 
or possession of State teacher’s certificate; (3) experience as teacher or 
superintendent. 

A county superintendent shall be elected In each county by convention of 
school directors: term, four years. Superintendent of public Instruction may. 
upon complaint Qj)d after notice and bearing, withhold commission and fill 
vacancy hy apixWitment or may remove for cause. Salary of county superln*. 
tendent.'$15 for each for first 100 schools and $6 for each additional ; maxi- 
mum, $2.(KX); mlulmnm, $1,500; paid from State funds. Conventlon of direc- 
tors may vote larger salary from funds of the districts Iti the county. 

Assistant county superintendents: In counties having 201 to 400 teachers, 
one; 401 to 000, two: 001 to 800, three; for each addltlon.al 400 or fraction 
tliereof. one additional osslstant County sni>erlntendent shnll nominate as- 
sistants subject to approval of executive committee, of directors’ convention 
and commission of State superintendent. Salary from State funds, $1,200, 
which may be Increased by directors’ convention. 

The hoard of directors of every first and second class district shall, nnd of 
any tlvlrd-clnsa district may, gleet n district superintendent. Directors elect* 
lug a district superintendent shall not participate In the election of the ^unty 
superlntendent’mid the county su|>eiinlendent shall have no Jurisdiction over 
districts having district sui^erlntendents. Term of district superintendent, 
four years; salary fixed by proj>er hoard of directors nnd payable from district 
funds. If assistant district sui)ertntendentB are employetb same sball 1^ 
nominated by district superintendent. 

Art, XII, Teachers and sup^rvisinp pHncipals. — Teachers shall |j^ of good 
moral chn]A|ter nnd at least 18 years old. skeept lu first-class dti^rlcts, con* 
tracis wltlMIpcbers shall be In writing. Teachers holding State llfev certifi- 
cates may he elected for notpver three years. Dismissal for cause after notice 
and.hearlng. Minimum salm for holder of a professional or State certificate 
with two. years’ ext>erleuce, ^0 ; of all other teachers, $40. Five dollars shfldl 
*be added to these minimum sums If the appropriation Is increased Uierefbr 


22 


EDUCATIOKAL LEGISLATION AND DECISIONS. 


fc: 


\iMk 


t's the genenil aBSenibly. Supervising principals may* be employed In districts 
having no 8U()erintendent. Two or naore districts may Join to employ a super- 
vising prlncliMii, 

Art. XIII. Ctriifiration of t each er ft —'Rxery teacher shall hold a provlsionnl, 
professional, or State certificate, and no teacher shuil t^nch any branch for 
which he bolds no certiflca-tc.* Frovlslonal certlflcates may be issued by county 
or dlatrict aut>erlntendent8 after examiimtidn in 12 branches; good for one 
year in county or district of Issue only, ' 

I’rofessional certificates may be IsRued by county or district superintendents 
after two terpis’ experience uiwn examination u^^n'sume subJectR with two 
of nine additional subjects: may be validated for other Jnri.sdlctlons. 

State certlflcates shall include i>ermnnent State certificates. State normal- 
school certlflcates, State normal-school diplomas, and professional and perma- 
nent college certificates, and shall be valid in any^part of the State. 

The superintendent of public Instruction may validate certlflcates of other 
States He may provide for certificates for teachers of special snbjet'ts. 
Every applicant for a teacher’s certificate Rhnll present a certificate from a 
physician certifying that npplicant is neither mentally nor physically dis- 
qualified by tiil^erculosis or any other chronic or acute *<i^ect. 

Art. xn\ Pupils and attendance , — Every child between 0 and 21 may at- 
tend^he public school of tlie proper district* The admission of beginners may 
be limited to the first two weeks of the annual school term and the first two 
weeks in January. 

Puplbs may attend a nearer school In anotlier district under certain condi- 
tions, and the district of residence sluill jmy the cost of tuition, etc. Any 
board of school directors mny provide fcee tranKiV)rtntion for any i>upil. Such 
boards mny close and consolidate "schools, but in n fourth-class district pupils 
of a closed school shall be provided with traiiHiiortatlon If living more than 
mfles from the school to which they are assigne<K . • 

Proper training shail be securwl for all blind, deaf, and mentally deficient 
children between 8 and 16, Who are fit for training, and the parents shall 
‘pay Ihe expense thereof if able to do so. ' ' 

Every child between 8 and 10 shall altend school continuously during the 
entire time the elementary public schools of tlie district are In session, Schoo.I 
lK>ard ainy re<luce the required time to 70 per cent of the session and may 
excuse attendance for mental, physical, or other urgent reasons. 

This act shall not ni)ply to any child over 14 who can read and write Intel- 
ligently and is regiilarly employed, holding a proper employment certificate, 
or to children living 2 miles or more from school, unless free transportaHon 
is provided. 

Eoards of first, second, or third clalli.dl8trlcts shall, and of fourth-class 
districts may. employ attendance officers. Two or more districts may Join 
for that purpose. 

Art. XV. Medical inspection and hygiene. — Each district of first or 
second class shall, and of the third class mny, provide medical inspection of 
all pupils. Parent or guardian shall be present, if he so reffluesta In fourth- 
cla‘88 districts ijuNllonl Inspection shall be provided by the State department 
of health at State expense. In nuy district of the first class In which the 
board of health Is now providing medical Inspection such Insiiectlon may 
♦continue. Medical ins’^ectors shall examine sauito^ condltlona of buildings. 
No person having tnbeiculosls of the lungs shalllfe a teachop,' fuipll, or Jani- 
tor of any school. , except a si)ecial school, and under regulattbns of the com- 
missioner of health. 

^ Art. XVI. Terms and* coin see of study.— Elementary and high whools shall 
be kept open in districts of the first and second classes at* least nine months; 
third class, at least eight h months ; .fourth class, at least seven ^onths. 
Schools ^all be closed July 4, Christmas, and during district teachers* Insti- 
tute. Each board shall decide whether to close the schools or to hhve special 
exercises on other holidays. 

In elementary schools the common English J^gacbes shall be taught in the 
English language. Other suU^s may heHlaugbt at optlou of directors. 

. Physiology and hygiene required in qU schools and idiyslcal training In flrstt 
class districts. Directors arrange course of study wltii assistance o¥ superlDc 
tendoit^ conforming as nearly as may be to <K>urse prepared by State super- 
intendent. ' 

Art. XVII. Sioh schooU^Thtm classes: .first, four-year coutseSr nine 
diontbs tnlniindm tenn> at least , three teacberet se^nd, three-year 












tlLfiMENTABY AND SECONDABY EDUCATION. 


23 


eight months minimum terih, at least two tenchers; third, two-year courses. 
Pupils may attend high school in another district ff full facilities are not 
offered in their own. nnd cost shall be jmid by district of rpHldence. Maxi- 
mum State aid to high schools, first class, $800 ; second-class, $000 ; thlrd'Class, 
$400. Agriculture shall be taught in township high schools. Two or more 
districts may join for high school purposes. 

Abt. XVIII. Joint schooU. — The boards of school directors of <wo or more 
adjoining districts may by proper contract* establish and maintain joint ele- 
mentary schools, high schools, or any other kind of school or deportment pro- 
.vlded for In this act. ' 

. w Art. XIX. Vocational and other special schools. — Any second, third, or 
fourth class district shall maintain evening schools on iipfilicntion of pafents 
of 25 pupils, and any second or third class district shall maintain evening 
manual training schools on application of 75 taxpayers. * 

Art. XX. State nornml schools. — Thirteen State normal schools shaU form 
a part of public-school system, and each shall be managed by 18 trustees. 9 
elected by stockholders nnd 9 appointedJby State superintendent. Each school 
shall maintain a practice school. Courses *of study and quallflcatlons Yor 
admission and graduation shall be determined by principals in conference, 
subject to approval of State superintendent. Tuition of pupils In pedagogy 
who agree to tench two years shall be paid by the State. State superintendent 
/ sha41 appoint a board of examiners for each State normal school, and may 
prepare questions for dnnl examlnatlona Graduates receive State normal- 
school certificate, nnd after two years’ experience. State nprraal-school 
diploma. State board of education may acqXilre the property of any State 
normal school, and after such acquisition shall appoint n board of nine trus- 
tees to conduct said school as a State Institution. 

Art. XXI. Teachers* institutes.— Each county superintendent shall hold an 
annual teachers’ Instliute. to continue five days. For Instrtistors and other 
expenses county shall pay $1 for every three days of aggregate attendance by 
teachers: maximum. $200; minimum, $100 If required. Any district employ- 
ing n superintendent and at least* 40 teachers may hold separate Institute. 
School dlH'ctors shall pay to each' teacher attending Institute $3 per day In 
addition to salary, nnd each teacher f&lling to attend shall forfeit from his 
salary the amount he would have received for attendance. Time si>ent at 
Institutes not considered days taught. 

Art. ‘XXII. Distt^ts of the first claw.— Additlonnl provisions relirtlng to 
first-class districts; Board of school directors shall be known as the board of 
public education. Each such district shall be subdlvlde<i into ward districts, 
In each of which a board of seven school visitors shall be elected; shnll In- 
spect public elementnrj* schools and report matters requiring attention. 

Controller of city shall be controller of school district and. shall receive 
$4,000 annually therefor. No order shall t>e paid without bis approval. 

The board of public education shall define policies, direct expenditures, 
appoint officers and teachers, and in general legislate on all educational mat- 
ters of the district. Shnll appoint a superintendent of schools, nnd may ap- 
point a superintendent of buildings and a superintendent of snppllea Asso- 
ciate nnd assistant district superintendents shall be nominated by the super- 
* Intendent of schools, and shall be under his direction. 

Qualifications of tenchers shall he determined by the board of public cduca-'' 
tion. 'Board of examiners shall consist of superintendent and others nom- 
inated by him. Kliglble lists shnll be prepared In order of standing and new 
appointments In elementory schools shall be made from three hlghestjumies 
on proper. list. 

‘ Jflnijprs shall be under direction of superintendent of buildings. *nnd for ele- 

meritnw schools may he named by boards of school vlaltori. Superintendent 
of buildings may nominate other janitors. 

Art. XXIII. State appropiiaiions . — State appropriations for public schools 
shall be distributed by State supeHn*endent. After making required deduc- 
tions. be shall divide one-half on basis of number of regular tochers, and 
one-Imlf in proportion to population 6 to 10. Apportlonmeat direct to the dis- 
tricts. * 

Art, XXIV. Teachers* retirement /unds, *-Tbe directors of any district ma j 
establif^ such fund ;« may appropriate money thereto, and mi 
. ^ contracts with t^cberd for reasonable salary deductions therefi 






o 


ERIC 


^ 24 ^ ?:pUCATIONAL U6GffiLATI0N,AND PEOI8IONS. 

Abi. XXV, Publi<y8Chool M&raric*.— In each eecond, third, or fourth class 
district in which there is or may be a public-school library, such library aiiall 
be under the control of the school directors, and may be managed directly by 
them or by a board of seven library trusteer appointed by the directors. The 
directors may appropriate for such library sums not exceeding 1 mill per 
dollar of valuation. Two or more' districts may join to maintain such , a 
library. 

Abt. XXVI. Avditinff school finances . — The finances of every school district 
and of every agency connected with the public- school system shall be properly 
and periodically audited by designated officers. 

Aar. XXVIL State school fund.— A State school fund shall be established, 
consisting of 80 per cent of the net proceeds from forest reservations, together 
with all water powers gnd water rights belonging -to the Commonwealth, all 
* real estate owupd by the Commonwealth and not used for State purposes, 
•scheata, donations, etc., and api)roprlntIons therefor by the general assembly, 
^ Irtiall be managed by the State board of education, and Income may be used 
by said board to equalize school privileges, or to promote education in cob- 
servation. forestry, and agricultural and industrial pursuits. 

Abt. XXVIII. 3fi«ce»aacous.— No religious or political teat shall be applied. 
Fines under this act shall be aw>lied to the school purposes in the proper dis- 
trict Giving or promising a bribe shall constitute a misdemeanor. Addi- 
tional compensation, may be given for additional services imposed uiwu pub- 
lic offlcera Due provision is made for the transition from former condltionB 
to the new. Conflicting lows are repealed. School Code, May 18. lull. 

Pennsylvania: Authorizing the superintendent of public instruction to have 
17,000 addltiona^copies of the school laws printed. • 

No. 232, June 1, 1911. 

Wisconsin: Repealing section's 613 and 926-10 of statutes and creattrxg a 
new section 613 of the statutes, relating to the eligibility of women to school 
offices. Ch. 636, July 3, 1911. 

Wisconsin: Repealing section 31 of the statutes and creating a new section 
to be designated se^on 31, relating to nomination and election of Judicial 
and school officers. 

“ SBcnoif 31. No candidate for any Judicial or school office shall be noml- 
imted or elected upon any party ticket, nor shall any designation of party or 
principles r^rqsented be used in the nomination or election of any such 
candidate.” ‘ Ch. 333, June 14, 1911. 






A. (b) State Boards and Officers 

Alab»tna: Amending Sec. 1730 of the Code of 1^. 


Appropriates $3,000 annually as a contingent fund for the State depart- 
ment of education. Act 280, p. 320, Apr. 8, 1911, 

-Arizona: Prdbcribing official bonds for State officers 

The bond of the superintendent of public instruction, $6,000. The premium 
vail be paid by the State. Oh. 86, May 24, 1012. » 

Arkansas: Ci^tlng a ^tate high*Bcbool board; providing for State aid to 
high schoolg, and for other purposea. 

. Provides that upon the creation of a'State board of education the duties 
hereby conferred shall devolve upon said State board. > (Stated>oard of educa- 
‘ tlon created by act 431, Jude 1, 1011.) Act 328, p. 200, May fi(0, lOlT., 



Arkansas:. AuthorlBing the S&te superintendent of public instruction to employ 
an assistant deputy superlntendeht , Act 46 , p. 22, Feb. 24, 1911. 

DelMVMret . Relating to the State l^rd of educattoou 

AboUshes ptesent board, and creates jft.jDonrd^ of seven members; ap- 
pointed by thb governor; tall termst;,|iey6h ysers, one 'expiring, annaally; no 
^penses inalt be paid. Said boi^rd sbAk have. 






ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDI^CAXTON, 


26 


general supervision and control of the free public schools of the State; shall 
prescribe textbooks and make contracts relating to prices of same; regulate 
curricula in the schools; determine upon what conditions county superin- 
tendents shall Issue certificates to teach; prescribe rules for the sanitary 
e<iulpinent\:uul Inspection of buildings, and take such other action as It may 
deem necesHaiy to promote the physical and moral welfare of the children; 
make- Investigations: require reports; employ for u limited period a'tralned 
educational expert for adUce and assistance if necessary; determine appeals; 
make rules and reguiioiwis which shall have the force of law; and report 
to the general aRsemhly and recommend leglslution. ' 

. Ch. 94, Mar. 14, 1911. • 

Georgia: .llevising the school laws of the State: SnbstltuUng “ S^ate superin- 
tendent of schools ” for *' State school commissioner ; " Qounty Bui>eriutend- 
ents of schools for "County school.commlsslonerfe ; providing for api>oint- 
ment of a State board of education, three supervisors of schools and insti- 
tutes, ami an auditor, uud prescrli^ing their qualifications, imwers, and duties; 
providing for a secretary ami ext'cntive agent of the State board of education. 

' No. 307.’ Aug. 21. 1911. • 

Indlana^Sre D(a). 

Iowa: Kola ling to the powers and duties of the State board^f education. 

The ^Id board may publish and distribute circulars, bulletin.^, etc., if ap- 
proved by the executive cotfncil; may hire necessifry employees. 

, ^ ^Ch. 132, Apr. 15, 1911. 

Iowa: Relating to the%term of office of the members of the board of control of 
State institutions. ' • ' 

Extends the' terms of said members for one year. 

Ch. 140, Apr. 7, 1911. 

» o 

Iowa: Transferring the control and management of the college for the blind at 
Vliiton fron» thq board of control of State institutions to the State board of - 
education. ^ Ch. 141, Apr. G, 1911. 

Kansas: Increasing the salary of the assistant secretary of the State traveling 
Itbrarlob commlssron from |GpO to $000 per annum. 

Ch. 309, Mar. 8, 1911. 

Kentucky: To provide for Inspecflon of schools and school funds and to in- 
crease the efficiency of the department of educaj 


State «ui>erInteDdent of public Instruction shafl act as special State inspec- 
tor and examiner qf all schools In cities, towns, and counties In State which 
receive public funds. IJe shall receive $1,600 per annum for such 8i>ecial 
duty. lie shall npi>oInt two assistants at $1,000 per annum each, Including 
traveling expenses. He shall also allowed $2,000 for hire of additional 
clerks. The State superintendent and his assistants shall Inspect the fiscal 
affairs and the conduct of the offices of all school officials who handle public 
school t^oaey and shall see that all laws and regulations are enforced. He 
Bhall'have access to all papers, books, and records of all teachers and school 
officers, and may Issue process to compel attendance of witnesses before him. 
He may administer oaths, and com i tel w’ltnesses to testify! Failure to testify 
shall bo a mlsdenjennor; fine, $26. The superlnteudeiit may clothe his assist- 
ants with full iK>\ver of atfornty to act for him as iuBi)ector. Misconduct, . 
violation of law, and malfeasance shall be reported to the county attorney 
• or coinmouwealtli attorney for prosecution. Ch. 13, 1912, 

'Loaisiana: Providing legal services for public corporation^. * 

The attorney general and the district attorney for the several Judl0|hl cir- 
cuits shall be the regular attorney and counsel for the police juries and scb(^l 
boards within their respective districts and for all State boards, commissions, 
educational boards, etc. Ko parish school board shall 'employ any special 
attorney except under special conditions ^>ecified. Act 101^ 




26 BDtTOAtlOlfAl. LBGISLATIOK AKD. DBOISIOKB. 

Kftiiie: Beating to the powers and duties ol the Maine Ubrary commission. 

'' The commission ahali give ad^ce to all school, State liMtutional. free and 
public libra riee, and to all comnii]nltie8 in the State wflch may propose to 
tttablish libraries, as to tbe best meapa of establishing and administering 
them ; selecting and cataloging books and other details of library management ; 
and may send any of Its members to aid in organizing such libraries or aSsist 
in the Improvement of those already established. It may also receive gifts of 
money, books, or other property which may be used or held in trust for the 
purpose or purposes given. It may publish lists and circulars of Information 
and may cooperate with other State library cogimisslons and libraries In the 
pnbll<ation of documents In order to secure the most economical administra- 
tion of the work for which It was formed. It may conduct courses or schools 
of library Instruction and bold librarians’, institutes In various parts of the 
State, and cooperate with others In suth schools or Isstltutea It shall select 
the books to be pnrebased for traveling libraries and advise the librarian of 
the State library In reference thereto. Said commission shall perform such 
other service In behalf of public libraries as It may consider for the bestlnter- 
ests of the State.” * Cli. 37, Mar. 16, 1911. 

• Maiue: Relating to comi>ensatIon of a^nts of scbools^n unorganized townships. 

State Rui>erln ten dent of public schools is authorized to expend annually for 
such compensation not exceeding |2,200. (Formerly $2 per dnv was allowed 
to each agent.) cb. 24, Mar. 9, 1911. 

Maine: 8cc A(d) and 0(o). 

Massachasetts; An act relative to the appointees of the board of education. 

The allowance for rent traveling, and other necessarv expenses of the com- 
missioner. the deputies, and agents of the board shall be fixed by annual np- 
propriatious. .(Was limited to $5,000 per annum previously.) 

Ch. 282, Mar. 25. 1910. 

Massachasetts: Relating to expenditure by the Stole board of educntlou. 

Whegi^fe authorized by tbe State board of education, the commissioner of 
education may approve bills for expenses from funds placed under the direc- 
tion of the board, qii. 80. Feb. a 1912. 

Michigan: Relating to the powers and duties of tbe superintendent of public 
Inrtmctlon. 

Tbe superintendent of pnbllc instVlSdnon shall remove from office any mem- 
ber of any school board, except In dty school districts, who is guilty of dis- 
honesty or neglect of duty. No^offlcer thus removed shall be elected or 
appointed to said office for at leaki five years thereafter. 

The conrse of study ^j^red by the said, supertiitendent shall not apply to 
dty school districts. fATclause In another section granting to district boards 
the authority to specify Studies Is omitted.) 

The said superintendent shall apportion the State distribution fund (“ pri- 
mary ^chooMnterest fund ") annually, instead of semKonnunlly. 

Ko. 217, May 1, 1911. 

Michigan; Authorizing proceedings by the State to condemn private property 
for public use. . 


I 


I 


Applies to any board of regents, board of control, or other governing bcA 
of any State educational, penal, or reformatory Inslrtutlon. aBt 

No. 230, May 1, 19^V 


Z(d). 

Montana: Authorizing the governor to appoint an educational Qtynmisslon for 
; ■ the purpose of amending, revising, and collating the laws touching tgwn the 
. public schools of the State, and for the farther putppse of suggesting new 
legialatioa for the welfare of said sciioolA and appropriating to meet the 
p \ ; ttponses of said Momlsaion. ^ • Ch. i26, Mar., 8, 1911, 

|r Nmda^^^rcan4lng the fire educational (superrision) districts of the State. 





SLSM^m'lABT AKD SBOOKDABT BDUOAHO^. 


27 


NeTMU; Bee A (a). « . 

New Hampshire; Relating to the salaiy of the State Buperlntendent of public 
Instruction, * ! * 

Raises salajg from $2,600 to $3,000 per annum. Ch. 186, Apr. 

New Jersef : Supplementing an act entitled “An act to establish a thorough and 
efficient system of faee public schools, and to provide for the maintenancet 
support, and management thereof/’ 

“1. The term of office of all members of the State board of education shall 
expire on the 30th day of June, 1911. 

“2. The general supervision of public Instruction shall be vested In a State 
board of education which shall consist of eight members, not more than four 
of whom shall be members of the same political party, and not more than one 
,of whom shall l>e residents of any one county. Said members shall be male 
citizens who have resided within the Sthte for not less than five years Imme- 
diately preceding the date of their appointment. They shall be appointed by 
the governor, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, for the fol- 
lowing terms, to commence on the 1st day of July. 1911-: One for one year, one. 
for two years, one for three yenrs, one for four years, one for five years, one 
for six years, one for seven years, and one for eight years. Annually There- 
after oim jnember shall be appointed by the governor for a term of eight 
yeorb. wcancies shall be filled for the unexplred terra. A suitable room In 
the StatehousG at Trenton shall be provided for the use of the board. 

*’ Said board shall meet in the Statebonse In Trenton at such tlme»as their 
rules may prescribe In each and every month, and at such times and places 
within the State as In Its judgment may be necessary. Its meetings, as well 
aa those of every board of education In the State, shall be public and shall 
commence not later than 8 p. m.^ y 

“ In addition to the powers now conferred by law. upon the State board of 
e4hcation It shall — ^ 

“ I. Appoint nh Inspector of buildings at a salary not to exceed $2,000 per 
annum, who shall devote his time during the entire 12 months In the year to 
visiting the schools In the Stat&aiid to making a thorough report with rega^ 
to each. ' 

“ II. Appoint an Inspector of accounts at a salary not to exceed $2,000 per 
annum, who shall devote his time during the entire 12 months In the year 
to the exanilmitlon of the accounts of the jseveral school districts. 

“ III. I^escrlbe a uniform and simple system Of booickeeping for use in air 
school districts, and compel all school districts to rise the same. * 

“ IV. Appoint, upon application, a supervising 'principal over the sdioola 
In two or more districts whenever In Its opinion it Is advisable so to do, and 
apportion the expense equitably among the districts. 

“V. Withhold or withdraw Its approval of any secondary school whenever 
In Its opinion lts*ncademlc work, location, or enrollment and per capita coat of 
maintenance shall nIR 'warrant Its estabUshment or continuance. 

** VI. Fix rates to be paid by a district for the tuition of children sent from 
It to the schools of other districts, when the districts can not agree amoi^ 
themselves as to the proper rate, and require any district having the neces- 
sary nccombaodntions to receive pupils from other districts at rates agreed 
, «upon or which it (nay fix In the erent of disagreement, 

“ VIi: Qompel the production at such time and place within the State aa It 
•may designate of any and all books, papers, and vouchers In any way rrtat- 
Ing to schools or to the receipt or dlsbursemeut of school moneys ; compel the 
attendance before it *or before any of its cofumltteea or before the com- 
misBlouer of education or one of his assistants or before the inspector of , 
accounts or the in^>ector of buildings at such time .and ffiaoe as It may ' 
designate of .any member of a board of education or of ai^ person , ip the 
employ of'a board education, and susp^id from office any person ref^ng 
to attend or to sublet such books, papers, andjiopchera as he may have been- 
directed to produce. 

* "Vin. Issue subpoenas #idgued by its president and secretary compelUng 
the nttodance of witnesses and the production, of books' sAl papers in imy 
part df|the State before^ it or before any .of its committees or before ^ 
^^missioner of edugatlon or ene of his assistants or before the inspet^r of 
. monnts (ir the iil^MKtor ^ . .. : : . r 







28 EDUOATIOKAL LAOtSLATtOy AKD DBdStOKsjf 


“8. The office of State floperintendent of public Instruction is hereby 
abolished. • 

**4. A comnuBsIdDer of education shall be- appointed by the governor, by and 
with the advice and consent of the Senate, for a term of five years, commenc* 
log July 1, 1911, and until hU successor shall be appointed, at an annual 
salary of f 10,000 per annum, payable in equal monthly installnients. Such 
commiBSioner shall be selected without regard to. whether his place of reel- 
d^ce is within or without the State of New Jersey. 

• ’ ** 5. lie commissioner of education shall, with the advice and consent 
the State board of education — 

“I. Designate one of the clerks of the department of public Instruction to 
act as secretary of the State board of education and to perform such services 
as it may require. 

" II. Appoint four assistant commissioners of education, each at an annual 
salary of $4,500, and designate one of them to act in his place during bis 
absence. i-., 

**III. D^gnate one of such assi^ants to act as supervisor of secondary 
education and define his duties, cause him to devote his entire time during 
school hoifrs to i>er8onal Inspection and to conduct tests of at least one-half 
hour each in at least three dosses on each visit to a high school or to a higb- 
Khool department. 

“ IV. Designate one of siich assistants to act ns supervisor of elementary 
education and define his duties, and cause him to devote bis entire time dur- 
ing school hours to personal Inspection. 

“V. Designate one of such assistants to act as supervisor of Industrial y 
education, including agriculture, and to cause him to devote his entire time 
during school hours to personal inspection. 

“VI. Designate one of such assistants to hear ail controversies and dis- 
putes which may arise under the school laws or the rules and regulations of 
the State beard of education or of the commissioner of educatlou. subject 
, however, to a right of appeal to the State board of education. 

“VII. Prescribe minimum examinations throughout the State for gradua- 
“ tion from grammer schools and for admission to high schools and hIgh-school 
departments; confine such examinations to arithmetic, writing, si>eliing. 
Blngllsh grammar and composition, history, and geography; ivrepare. or oaus** 
to be prepared, questions for the examinations; prescribe the times and places 
for bolding them and the rules governing them; designate the persons to 
conduct them, and If admissible, direct superintendents, principals, and 
teachers of^one district to conduct them In any other. Such examinations 
shall be open to all children of the State whether they attend public or private 
schoola, ‘ 

“ VIII. J?^€scrll)e a minimum course of study for the elementary schools 
and for the high schools or for either, if. In his opinion, it is adviatble so to do. 

“ IX. •prescribe such method as to him may seem best for use In ascer- 
taining what children are three years or more below the normal. 

“X. Hold meetings of dty and county superintendents at least once In each 
year for the discussion of school affairs and ways an^means of promoting a 
tbdroiigh and efficient system of education. 

“XI. Direct the county collector to withhold funds received by him from 
the State from any district that refuses or neglects to obey the law or the 
rules or directions of the State board of education or the commissioner of 
education. 

“^I. Report to the State board of educnUirfronce o month and at stich 
Umtffi as it may designate such InformatioD as it may prescribe. 

“6. The commissioner of education shall be one of the trustees of the ’ 
school fund; - * ' 


“7. The State board of education, by Us presiding officer, each of Us com- 
mittees, by their chairmen, the commissioner of education and each of bis 
lussistaats ehall have oathority to admlni^er oaths and to examine under 
oath In any pert of the State witness^ In regard to any matter pertaining 
to the, stdiools and to cause the examination to be reduced to writing. Any 
person, having been sworn or affirmed by the presiding officer of the State 
hoard or by the chairman of any of its ^mfttees or by the commtaslbner 
Of by any one of his assIsUnto to tell jjta trutt, who wllfolly gives falie 
t^lmony gnU^ peilnry. V- 

, " ”8, Wbencref, In 'ttie'act to which this la a soid^ilemffiit or In any act 
i^nptlhtoxy tharsdt or euppleiujmtal fhei^ Pf in any otiief /ant of 


XLBUEHTABS AND BEOON^ABT BDT70ATI0N. 


29 


lature, the words * State Superintendent of i^bllc Instruction • are ueed, the 
same shall be taken to be and to* mean * Commiraioner of £>lucation/ 

**9. All appeals to the State board of education shall be taken within 30 
days after the commissioner of education has CUed his ^decision and in such 
manner as the said board may prescribe. 

•*10. This act shall take effect June 30, 191L” Ch. 231, Apr. 27, 1911. 

New Jersey: Omits provision for uniform examinations for graduation from 
grammar schools and for admission to high schools. 

The State commissioner shall ascertain the thoroughness and elBciency of 
any and all public schools by tests or examinations as seeha to him proper, 
and he shall prescribe *an examination fpr pupils of the highest grade of 
each elementary school. But if in any school any of the subjects of the 
examination is not taught in the highest grade, the examination shall be con- 
fined to the subjects taught and nothing in the law shall impair the ^ht of 
each district to prescribe Its own rules of promotion. 

Oh. 365, Apr. ± 1912, 

New Mexico: No perKon who has been convicted of a felonious op infamous 
crime sIkiII be elected or appointed to any public officer or as assistant in 
any public office. Does not apply if the person has been pardoned or restored 
to his political rights Ch. 44, June 8, 1912. 

New York: Amending the education law. ^ 

By section 43 the commissioner of education is authorized, equally with 
the chancellor of the univerBity, to call special meetings of the regents at any 
time, and to flx^the time and place therefor. . 

By section ^94 the commiRsloner of education is no longer required to act 
as secretary of the board of regents; be is designated chief executiye officer 
of the State system of education and of the board of regents, and is charged 
with the duty of enforcing all general and specinl laws relating to the educa- 
tional system pf the State and of executing all educational policies deter- 
mined upon by the 'board of regents. His supervision is extended over ail 
institutions of. the university (colleges,, technical, and professional schools 
were formerly excepted). Sthools of agrlcuture. mechanic arts, and home^ 
making established under section 600 of this chapter are subject to his super- 
vision in the same manner as industrial and trade schools. He Is authorised 
to furnish iilusirntive material in geography, history, science, etc., to schools 
and institutions under the Bupendsion of the regents. His authority over 
schools of cities is strengthened ^ ^ 

^Section 401 authorizes the State commissioner t>f education In his discre- 
tion to legailze the employment of a teacher not legally qualified, and to 
permit the payment of salary to such teacher. 

By section 816 the commissioner of education shall prescribe the courses 
of study of State ^normal schools (instead of the local boards, subject to the 
commissioner’s approval). 

Section 880 authorizes the commissioner of education to institute pro- 
ceedings, render decisions, and make and enforce orders iu relation to any 

- ofilcial act of any school officer, authority, or meeting, said action not to be 
subject to question or review in any other place or court whatever. 

Section (MO. et seq., places the education of Indians more directly under 
the control of the commissioner. Blimiuutes the provisions for' supertn- 

, |;eiideat8 of Indian schools. Ch. 140, Apr. 22, 1910. 

New York: Amending the public-health law relative to the pnctlce of phar- 
macy. - \ 

Members of the^tste boanD^ pharmacy diall be appointed by the rigoits 
of the university TmttiMllsts nominated by the Sta^e pharmaceutical associa- 
tion. The roles and laminations of the said board shall be subject to tbq 
approval of the regents, and the employees of the board are transferred to 
the department of education. Oh. 422, Jane^ 1910. "(Aug. l, lOlO.) 

New : Relating to public records and historical documents, creatlbg the 
office of .8Uperviw>r, of public records and ttanafis^ug sidd office and the 
bihoe of State hiitorlan to the State education depaAienh 

‘ Gh.8^- ' 



80 ^ - BDXTOATIONAL LBGIBLATIOK AND DBOISIOira, 


New York; 8 c 0 A (d). 

North Carolliui; Amending the Uws relaUng to the textbook commission. 

Provides a subcommiaslon of. six (Instead of 6 to 10] persons actually 
tttgaged in school work, which shall act JoinUy with the textbook commission 
[the Stete board of education] In the selection and adcuHlon of textbooks. 
Members shall be appointed by governor and State sup^ntendent [Instead 
of governor]. Advertisement for bids shall be published and contracts shall 
be let at any Ume within six months before [instead of after] the expiration 
existing contracts. Limit of annual service [30 days] of subcommissloh 
repealed. Contractors shall maintain Joint State depositories. 

Ch. 118, Mar. 7, 1911. 

North Carolina;^ See G (b). 

North DakoU; Relating to the State hlgh-school board. 

Said board shall consist of the superintendent of public instruction, the 
preetdent of the State university, the pfesldent of the State agricultural col- 
lege, one superintendent of city schools, and one man not connected with the 
educational system of the State, the last two to, be appohded ‘by the gov» 
emor ; full terms, four years. [Formerly the go^^rnor, the sux>eriDtendenl 
of public Instruction, and the president of the SUte university constituted 
the board.] nDhe said board shall appoint a hlgh-school Inspector; term, 
two years; salary. $2,000 per annum, payable from the genernl fund of the 
State. Annual State aid to approved high schools; $800 to four-year schools; 
$600 [instead of $000] to three-year schools, and $300 to two-year schools 
[new provision]. . Not less than 40 per cent of said amounts shall be used 
for libraries, apparatus, and equipment Total aitproprlatlon $45,000 |in- 
Btead of $26,000] annually, not including the salary of the hlgh-school In- 
spector and the expenses of the board, which shall be paid from the gehernl 
fund of the State. [Formerly such exi>enRe8 were paid from the appropria- 
tion for high schools.] Not more than five [instead of three] schools shall 
be aided In any one county until all other eligible schools shall have received 
their ahare; but a school- once accepted shall be aided at least three years. 

Ch, 287, Mar. 17v lOU. 

North Dakota: Bee A (a). 

North Dakota: Creating a State board of control for, the management and 
control of the charitable, reformatory, and penal Institutions of the State. 

f Said board shall constat of three members appointed by the governor with 
the consent of two-thirds the members of the Senate. Salaries, ^000 per 
annum eadt Shall govern the State hospital for the Insane;^ State peni- 
tentiary, blind asylum, school for the deaf and dumb, school for the feeble- 
minded, State reform school, and such other like insUtutlons as mny be 
established by law. Ch. 82, Mar. 17, lOll. * 

North DakoU: Batabllshlng a temporary educational commission. 


Sball conslst'of the president of the university, president of the agricultural 
college, president of the Valley City Normal School, superintendent of public 
Instruction, lieutenant governor, speaker of the House of .Representatives, 
aM one other to be appointed by the governor ; for the purpose of studying 
educational systems both In the United States and elsewhere, with a view to 
Qidfying and kystemnUztng the educational system of this State. Said com* 
mlsMon shall receive no compensation. 

$1,000 apt^ropriated for the actual and necessary expenses. 

Cbu 9, Mar. 17, 191L 

IMdot ' Creating a single board of admlntjrtration for State Institution! 


ft" 


Saldi board ghall consist of four persona aCd>otnted by the governor; full 
terms, four years, one expiring annually; salaries, $6,000 per annum each; 
.esdunetnlMr being required to devote his entire time to the dntles of his 
^ potlflDib Said board ahaU manage and govern the State bospitials, reforma- 
: toriss^ dbiT^ttibls Ihititoticms, and the InStituUbn for -te^le-inlpde^ the State 
vlfdhool tot the .Deaf/ the State School tot tiie Blind, the^^ys’ Industrial 
Behsols^ tha CUrla^ XodUiUisl BohooL boards govemtjig said Uiitltu* 


ELEMENTABY* AKD BBOONDABY EDUCATIOK. 


81 


Oklahoma: Providing for a State board of edncatlon and preacrlbing Ita 
powers and duties. 

Snld board shall consist of seven members* namely, the State 8Uperlnten<ient, ' 
who shall be president and six members (Including two practical school 
men) appointed by governor for six-year terms; terms of two shall expire 
every two years. Appointed members shall receive >6 per day and actual ex- 
penses. The president shall appoint, with the approval of board, a secretary - 
at |2,(X)0 and a stenographer at $1,2(X). 

The State board of education shall be legal spccesaor to the present State 
board of education, the State textbook coromlssfon, and the boards ot regents, . 
etc., of the several State educational Institutions. Said board shall have the 
following additional powers and duties: (a) General supervision of the 
public schools; (b) formulate courses of study for common schools, county 
normal institutes, and higher educational Institutions; (c) formulate rules 
and regulations <»ncenilng teachers’ certificates; (d) prepare questions for 
the siiine; (e) exiftnlne applicants for the same; (f) prepare questions for 
examination of eighth-grade graduates; (g) classify public high schools and 
accredit sanle; (h) formulate courses df study for reading circles for pupils 
and for teachers; (I) make reports to governor and leglhlature and prepare 
estimates for appropriations; (J) upon written application of association 
of btislness schools, said shall ’firm ulate regulations to govern such 

schools. Ch. 47, Mar. 6, 1911. 


Oklahoma: Requiring the Stafe board of education to submit to the legisla- 
ture at each regular session an estimate of the amounts necessary for the 
support of the several Institutions under Its control. 

^ ^ Ch. 95, Mar. IB, 19U. 

Oklahoma:^ Empowering the State superintendent of public Instruction to 
api>o!nt a State^lnspoctor of schoola 

Said inspector shall be under the direction of the State superlntmident, and 
shall receive $1,800 per annum and expenses of travel. 

Ch. 131, Mar. 22. 1911. . 

Oregon: Relating to the funds of the Oregon library commission. 

The State treasurer shall be custodian. Purposes of expenditures and 
mctliode of payment. Ch. 66, Feb, 14, 1911. 

Oregon: Authorizing the superintendent of public Instnictlon to annotate and 
compile the school laws of Oregon, authorizing the State board of education 
to otder and distribute 16,000 copies of same. 

H..Jt Res. No.'l2, Feb. 16. 19U. 

Pennsylvania: See A (a). ^ 

Rhode Island: An act In amendmeht to chapter 64 of the General Laws, 

/ The .commissioner of public schools, with the approval of the board of 
' education. Is nutUortied to employ an assistant commissioner of public 
schools at a salary of $2,000 per annum. 

Ch. 667. Apr. 27, 1910. . (July 1. 1910.) 

Rhode Island: Authorizing additional clerical asslsfan'cc for the Aipmls- 
sloner of public echools, Ch. 720, May 17, 1911. 

Rhode Island: The members of the State board of educatioD shall be elected* 
for five-year tem()B, one-fifth changlfig every other year. 

The board of education shall fix the salaries of the commlsstoner of public 
schools and the assistant commissioner;. $7,000 appropriated for both satsrieh. 
^ ^ " Oh. 828; Apr. 2^,1912. 

South Caroltna: A joint resolution to provide for a commlsMtm toimmlue 
. 'and revise the school law otthe State.ahd recommend <fiianges Ip the same. 

The State superintendent of education, the Inspector of Idgh schools, thh 
presldrat of tme of the State Instltotions for higher edhcat)on, person 
fkmlllar with grhded dnd copui^n school ayktems, and <me person learned In 
the law abaU oohsHtelo the comintaikm, and the governor shall ilaine tbs 




82 EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION AND 0EOISIONS. 


members not specifically designated. No compensation, but actual and neces- 
sary expenses. Report' shaU be made to the next session of the general as- 

Act 685. Feb. 23, 1910. 

Sooth Carolina: Terms of appoftted members of State board of e<Uicat1on 
shall be four years (Instead of five), Ch. 37, June 8, 1912. 

VU^: BnJarging the duties of the State board of education. 

Requires the said board to promote the establishment of libraries nnd gym- 
nasiums and authorizes the appointment of a secretary, to work under the 
direction at the superintendent of public instruction. The State lihrarj--gvm- 
naslnm commission Is abolished. Ch. 67, Mar. 18, 1911. 

Utah: Increaalng the salary of the State superintendent of public instruction 
from 12,400 to |3.000. Ch. 91. Mar. 18, 1911. **(Jan., 1913.W 

Vermont: Authorizing nnd instructing the attorney general nnd the supefl^ 
tendent of education to compile the school laws of the SUUe and to procure 
3,000 printed copies of same for distribution. 


Jt. Res. No. 469, Dec. io,‘ 1910. 

Virginia: An act to provide for the continuance of the commission to devise 
a stable method for the maintenance, management, and expansion of the edu- 
catlena] institutions of the State. 

Proddep that the stiid commission shall report to the general nssenibly irt 
its next session. This commission was established by act of March 18, 1908. 

Ch. 221, Mar. 16, 1910. 


Wisconsin (1910) : The provision In Stat. 1898, sec. 497, ns to the time within 
whlch^the State superintendent shall make and file his decision on Jippcnl 
-from a decision by a town board In forming or altering a school district held" 
mandatory. 

hearing before the State sui>er In tendent on 
appeal from the proceedings of a town board in forming or alteilng a schoob 
district held to be closed when' the Inst step has been taken In submitting the 
controversy tx> the superintendent 

Whether a town board has jurisdiction in procc^lngs to alter a school 
district held not revlewable on certiorari from the decision of the sui»erin- 
tendent on appeal from the action of the board. 


The authority of the State superintendent to review proceedings of the 

town board in altering a school district under Stat. 180^ sec 497 sfoted. 

State ex rel. Schuette i?. Oaiy^ 120 N. W.. 662. 


A. (c) County Boards and Officers. 


AUbama: Prescribing ^ powers ajid duties and fixing the compensation of 
county superintendents bf educatioit 


Permits county boards to employ superintendents for their entire time In 
which case salary shall not be less thhn $1,000 per annum. Assistant countv 
superintendent may also be employed. Act 269. p. 826. Apr. 8. 1911. 

Alabama: Providing for the oiBce of county treasurer of publlc-school funds 
in the several counties and prescribing the duties of such officer. \ 

Authorliea county board of education to select a treasurer of public-school 
. funds. , Act 487, p. 498. Apr.- 1^ 1911. 


• Arisons (1011) : The office of a county superintendent held to be vacated by 
change In classification of the county.— Bunch. Probate Judge, r. Woods Co 
SupL, 115 Pacn 70. * 


OaUforals: Amending secU<m 4249 of the Political Code, relating to the com- 
pensation of ooaaty offioers, township officers, and Jurors In counties of the 
vdOUi dam Sizes adary of county raperintendent at |240a 

Oh. ifii, Apfr. 19* lOU. 


ELEHENTABT AND SECOWDABT BDUCATION. 33 

• California (1909) : Pol. Code, nee. 1617, subd. 4. empowering the school boaitl 
to rent school property, does not mean to rent property for use of schoola 

Board of e<lucatlon of the city and couuty of San FrandHCo held to hnve 

power to lease land held by them In trust for the use of the public schools. 

Mahoney v. Bd. of Ed. et al., 107 Pac., 684. 

Georgia: An act to amend an act upi)roved August 1C, lOu. providing for the 
election of county school commissioners by the people, etc. 

Authorizes the county boards of education to fill vacuncie In said ofllce 
for the unexplred term. Persons so chosen need hot be stibje ted to examl- 

Acts. 511, At-r. 15, 1910. 

Georgia: Examination of applicants for county school commlfesioners. 

Provides that If no applicant makes leM than the required 86 per c^t 
other examinations shall be held. No. 225, Aug. 19, 1911, 

Georgia; Makes the terms of county superintendents uniform. Four years, 
beginning Jan. 1, 1013, ending Jan. 1, 1917. P. ISO, No. 603, Aug. IJ), 1912. 

Georgia: Establishing county board of education for Clark (bounty. Including 
Athens (described by population, not nanie<l). Permits the board to bx tax 
rate for schools, not to exceed 5 mills. Adoption subject to vote of the 

f V. 162, NO..033, Aug. 19, 1912. 

* Georgia (1010): Where a board of education Is discharged under net of 
Aug. 22, 1907 (Acts 1907, p. 100), amending act of Aug. 21. 1906 (Acts 
1906, p. 61, by the judge of the superior court. It Is not a judgment to which' 
a bin of ^exceptions may be filed, bringing the actIon,.to the supreme court 
for review.— Bd. of Ed. of Paulding Co. v. Paulding Co. Grand Jury, 68 S. R, 
552. 

Idaho: 8cc A (n). 

Indiana: Concerning county superintendents, their quallOcatlons and compem 
satlon, and providing for assistanta 


No |)ersou shall be eligible to the office of county superintendent who has 
not been actively engagetl in school work for not lo«s than 2 years out of the 
10 years next preceding his election, imd who doe.- not hold either a 3 years: 
State license, a 60 months' license, a life, or professlonal llcense, granted qpou 
examination ns provided by law. Fixed salaries of county superintendents 
at $1,408.60 except in the following counties, namely, Brown County, $900* 
Scott County, $1,000: Union County. $1,326; Carroll and Crawford (bounties! 
$1,400. [Formerly all couuty superintendents received ^.60 for each day of 
actual service.] Allows to each' cpimty superintendeut bis actual traveling 
exi>ense8. not exceeding $100 annually, to be paid from county funds. 

County commissioners moy allow the county sui>orlutendeht to apiwint an 
oBsIstnm trt not over $3 per day for not exceeding 120 days per year. 

Ch. 04, Mar. 2, 1911. 


Indiana: Kclating to the bond and election of the county school superiutendent 
Minor changes. ch. 16, Feb. 17. 1911. 

* Indiana (1010): While under Const, art. 8. sec, 0. and Bugns’s Ann. Stat, 
1908, sec. 0184, a right of action for the loss of the State school fund Ihtrusted 
tQ 0 county la In the State held that such action should be brought against 
the comity abd not against a county auditor, whose wrongful conduct caused 
its loss.— Ness r. Bd, of Comrs. of Marshall Co., 01 N. EL, 618. 


Kansas: Fixing the salariM of copnty superintendents of public Instruction. 

SiCTioif 2. Incountlwhavlnga school^opuiation of less than 500, ttie county 
sntrarlntendent shall receive for each day actually employed in the discharge 
of his d^es In his ofllce the sum of $3 per day for n number of days not to 
exceed Iw^ln anyone year. In edhuties having a school population of fr<Moa 
600 to 1,000^4 shall receive the sum of $3 per day for a number of days not 
y®Ar. In counties ha^ug a ^bool population- of 
^000 to 1,5(XI. he wall receive the sum of $760 per nnnuin; in counties' con- 
fining more than IJSOO persons of school age. egcluslve of those in ctUes of 
* 10684 ^- 48^—8 ; ' . y" 


34 EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION AND DECISIONS. 



the flnt end second dasa; he shall receive $800 and $20 per aDDum for each 
100 persons of school age In excess of said 1,000 up to the sum of $1,200; 
iVovided, That in each coantj the county commissloDers shall add to the 
salary hereinbefore provided the sum of $1 per annum for each teacher 
employed In the county, exclusive of those employed In cities of the first and 
second class: Provided, That in counties of 70.000 or more population the 
salary of the county superintendent shall be $1,800 per annum: Provided 
furth^. That if the county superintendent shnU fail to spend at least one 
hour in each school during the year, so a^ to observe for at least one hour 
the work of each Teacher under his supervision, the county commissioners 
shall deduct from the last quarterly installment the sum of $5 for each 
delinquency. Ch. 279, Mar. 14. 1911. 

(The maximum salary previously a Uowed under the general law was $1,200.) 

Kansas: Belating to vacancies in the office of county superintendent of public 
instruction.* 

^ If the county commissioners are unable to fill such vacancy from the resi- 
dents of the county, the county clerk sha)l notify the State superintendent of 
public instruction, who shall appoint a legally qualified person, resident of 
Kansas, regardless of his place of resfdence.^, 'Ch. 278, F'eh. 23, 1911. 

Kansas; Fixing the salaries of certain oflacers in counties having a population 
of over 90,000. 


The* county superintendent of public instruction shall receive $1,800 per 
«mum. ^ Ch. 190, Mar. 1, 1911. 


Kentucky; To be eligible ^o office of countj* superintendent, candidates (unless 
^they hold State diploma or certificate) shall be personally examined at the 
State capital before the election. The examination shall be equivalent to a 
State certificate and shall be conducted by the State board of examiners. 
Fee $5. (Formerly the examination was held In applicant's county; questions 
famished and papers marked by the St^e board; fee $2.) 


The county superintendent shall devote entire time and attention to the 
duties of his.sjofflce. * ’ 

The salary of county superintendent shall be fixed by ^e county ; minimum, 
$600; maximum, $2,600. (Was $400 and $600.) 

The county boaj^ of education may employ supervisors of rural schools 
under the supervision, of the county superintendent; may pay exiteuses of 
county su^rlntendent and supervisora Supervisors may act as substitute 
teachers and as truant ofiicers. 

, The county board of education may combine State and'coqnty funds. State 
funds for teachers only. Minimum salary for teachers in subdistricts in 
counties, $86; maximum. $70 (excei>t blgh-sehool teachers). Salaries shall be 
based on and regulated by qualifications of teachers and the number of cbil- 
dren in attendance In proportion to census, to be graduated according to 
regulatlonB of State board. 

The county board of education may consolidate districts and submit to 
voters thereof proposition to levy tax, to consolidate schools, and pay trans- 
portation of pupila Any funds available for local expenses may be used for 
transportation of pupils whether' specifically so expressed or not 

' # Ch. 117, Mar. 18, 1012. 

Kentaokys See D (a). * 

*Kentaolcy (1011) ; An attorney for a county school superintendent having 
permitted his client to contrapt for satisfaction of a judgment recovered for 
a wholly inadequate sum, and the satisfaction having been set aside and the 
judgment collected by the client's successor in office, the attorney was not 
sntfUed to recover for his services In obtaining the judgment'-Bd. of Bd. of 
Wrw Oory. iUnkin, l84 8. W., 167. . 


' * Kentacky (1009) : County superintendent of pubite.Jtoitriictlon held anthor- 
ifSd to emplcff counsel to assist county attorney fllr proeecutinf an action 
•ipiinsr pul^iming company for breach of bond and pay. a teast^ble fee tor 

fDfviAes- 

dounty attorney bound to pfosecnte an action for breach of bond given by 
sehoolbtKfit publishers at request of county inperint^dht. of eoinsion 





ELSBCSKTABY AND SECONDAKY BDUOATTON, 


35 


• Kentad^ (1010) : The official duties of the county saperlntendent of schools 
held limited to his county. 

A letter written by the county superintendent of schools of a county to the 
State superintendent as to an iippl leant for n Sbtte fertifleate held a Quail* 
* fiedly privileged communication.— Tanner r. Stevenson, 128 S. W., 878. 

Kentucky (1910) : Ky Stat, aec. 4420a. held not to authorize school board to 
expend school, moneys coming Into Its hniuls for the payment of indebtedness 
incurred prior to the enactment of such section, which must be paid according 
to the law In force at the time the debt was created. 

The same held to authorize the county hoard of education In Its discre- 
tion to expend school funds for all the edneatlxnml needs of the county. 

.* The dscnl court must levy a capitation tax within the statutory limit 
when requested by the board of education. 

A citizen and taxpayer of a county may m.aintain proceedings to restrain 
the county board of e<lii(.*ntion from illegally disbursing or niiaipplylng school 
funds.— Fiscal Court of Logan Co. et al. v. Bd. .of Ed. of Logan Co., 127 
^ S. 527. 

' * Kentucky (1909) : County board of education held the proper party to ask a 

rule requlrinc the county attorney to pay over money collected under a judg- 
ment In an action by the Commonwealth for the benefit of the common schools 
of the county.— Bd. of Ed. of Mercer Oo. t*. All in et al, 121 S. W., 676. 

•Kentucky (1010) : Under Ky. Stat, secs. 1720, 4426a. the county revenue and 
the county school tnx held one fund In OBtiinating the sheriffs commIssloDa 
for collections.— Hall r.* Ballard Co.; 130 S. W.. 975. 


Louisiana: An act providing for the election or appointment of parish snperln- 
tendents and their term of office. 

The several parish school boards aball In July, after their election In 
1012. meet and elect or appoint a superintendent of public schools for their 
parish, who shall hold Ms office for four years. Apparently the only effect 
of this enactment Is to make the terms of all parish superintendents dlplre 
at the same time. Acts 117, July 5, 1910. 

Louisiana: Annual reports oC pariah Buperlntendents shall be made on or 
before July 10 of each year, and shall cover the previous session Instead of 
the previous year. . _ No. bS, June 20, 1910. 

•Louisiana (1000) : Removal of school directors by State board of education 
not a removal by the governor. , 

Removjil of members of the parish board of school directors for “the de- 
plorable condition of school affairs of the parish ’’ unauthorized.— State ex rel. 
Muller, Dlst. Atty., et nl. v. Cyr et al., 60 So., 505. 

Mary^land: Authorizing the board of county school commissioners of any 
county to appoint a grade sui)erviBor. 

In counties where t^ie uuml>er of teachers shall exceed 160 one addltlQpal 
supervisor tnay be api>ointed, and for every add'tlbnal 100 teachers one addi- 
tional supervisor may be appointed who. In each cose, shall have had at least 
five years’ experience ns a teacher of elementary grades and such special 
preparation for this work as may be determined by the State board of 
education. ^ Ch. 147, Apr. 7, 1910. 

Michigan: Amending ap act relating to county school commissioners. 


Fixes minimum compensation of such officers ns follows ; Counties contain- 
ing lees than DO schoolrooms, $500; more than 70 schoolrooms, $760; 100 
schoolrooms, $1,000; 126 Bchoolrooms. $1,200; 150 schoolrooms, $1,^; 176 
schoolrooms, 1,600; over 800 schoolrooms, $2,000. [Previously the maxlmnm 
salary permitted was $1,800.] Clerks [Instead of assistant] am authorised 
for country school commissioners at a maximum annual cost as follows: 
In counties contivlntng from 100 to 160 BcbdOlropms, $^; more than 160 
aclioolrooms, $400. The boattl of supervisors may, however, increase these 
amounts. The compensation named In this act shall be paid monthly. , 
The provislon<^r traveling expenses of commissioner is omitted. 

No. 144, Apr. 26, 1911 ‘ 




■ -i. T ■ ' - - ^ 


36 EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION AND DECISIONS, 


Mtnnesota: Relatlnic to the compensation of officers of county boards of edu- 
cation for unorganized territory, 

Cbnirmen shall receive |3 per day when nctually employed nnd 10 cents 
per mile for distance traveled, the total not to exceed $400 In one year for any 
such chairman. The trenmirer shall receive 14 t>er cent nnd tlje clerk 1 r>er 
cent of cash disbursements. Not uppll cable to counties contulnlug over 
100,000 Inhabitants. ch. 103, Apr. 10, 1911. 

Minnesota: rroiKmlnp an amendment to the State constitution providing for 
an educational nnd professional quailflcation for county superintendent of 
Bchoola * 


Provides Mint such quallflontlon shnH he doteruiiiipil by the legislature. 
Said amendment shall be submitted to the peojile at the next general election. 

Ch. 304. Apr. 20, lUll. 

Minnesota: Relating to the salaries of county superlnleiulents nnd providing 
for assistants to county superintendents nnd their sjilurles. 

Salaries of county suiierlntendeuts shall be fixed by the county board nnd 
shall be not less thun a sum chi mil b> $15 for each organized school In the 
county until the salary on thiit basis reaches $1,000 per nniiuni. If the wilary 
should exceetl $1,000 on the said basis It slinll he reckoruMl ou the bn sis of 
$12.50 for e’ach school, with a minimum of $1,000 nnd a maximum of $2,000. 
Rut the proi>er county hoard may fix tlie salurj' of n county miperlntendent 
at a higher sum than $2,000 If It shall s<ii determine. ConHolldntton of kcIukiIs 
shall not have the effind of reducing tlie superintendent’s salary. fUate of' 
compensation whs formerly $10 fox each school district, with a maxlmuin of 
$1,800.] , 


An assistant shall he allowed to the superintendent of each county In which 
there are from 75 to 124 schools, at a anlary of $3 i»er day for 40 dnys^ml 
one day additional for each school over 75 and iq> to 124. in counties having. 
125 or more schools. buA less than 240. there Khali be one asslsUmt to ser\H> 
full time, and in counties with 240 schools nr more there shall be two sneh 
assistants, Their salnHes Hintll be tl.xtHl by the county board at not less than 
$600 uor more than $1„500 per anmim. Such n.ssistants shall have had at 
least 18 months' experience In public schools and hold tencheiV certlflciites 
equivalent to a diploma from a Minnesota nonnnl school. In counties having 
two asBlstants It shall be sufficient If one iiossesses such (luiillflcutions. 

Ch. 210. Api^. 18. 1911. 


^ Minnesota: Fixing the salary and c 9 mi>enRntlon of the -suiierintendont of 
schools in counties having over 150,000 nnd less than 200,000 inhubltntits. 

Salary, $2,500 per nnntim. Said sinierintendent may npin4nt nn nsslstant ■ 
Bur>ertntendent at n snlnry not over $1,500, nnd clericnr nssl.'^mnce at a cost 
not to excee<l $(100 tier annum. Applies only to St. I/miIh County. 

Ch. 145. Apr. 13, 1911. 

Mississippi: Examination of nptillcants or candidates for the office of county 
superintendent. The time of examination In the County of applicant shall 
be fixed by applicant. In any case the result shall be determined as speedily 
as practicable nnd the applicant shall be promply informed. 


Ch. 240, Feb. 24, 1012. 

Missouri: Amending the Revised Statutes relating to the quallflcnttons of 
county superintendeuta. 

A bolder of a State certificate [not necessarily a life certificate} authoriz- 
ing him to tbnch In the public schools of the State shnll be eligible. 

H. B. 540, p. 404, Uhr. 24, 1911. 


Missoarl: Prescribing the manner of electing county superintendents of schools. 

Votes shall be cast at annual school meetings of the several districts, 
imd tbe tally sheets shall be forwarded to the county clerk, who l^all cast 
up the yote the assistance of two justices of the tieace or two qualified 
vot^’ \ H, B. 6^ p. 4C^ Uar, ^ I91L- V 




; ^ 

EI-BMENTABY AND SECONDABY EDUCATION^ 37 

\ 

Misfloiiri: Relating to the annual settlement of the county or township tr^s-' 
urer. 

Shall be made In October [instead of September] of each year. 

H. B. 661, p. 400, Apr. 7. 1011. 

Nebraska: Relating to salaries of county superintendents. 

Prescribes mlnliumn salaries per annum as follows for counties contain^ 
Ing the school i>opulatlon stated: 

Populiition of 15,000 or more $2,200 

Between 7,000 and 16.000 __ _ _ _ 1 800 

’ 0,000 and 7,000 I 1,600 

4.000 and 0.000 1,400 

2.500 and 4.000 1,300 

2.000 and 2.5(Kt (_ 1,100 

1.500 and 2.000 ‘ l.OOo 

In counties containing less than su*hool po))Ulntion the county siii>erlD- 
tendent shall receive not less than a day \vh(‘ii actually employed, but the 
total comi)en8ation In such counties shall not exeoed $1,000. 

The above figures represent n substantial Increase. 

Ch. 119, Ap,r. 10. 1011. 

New Jersey^ Amending chapter 317 of the Laws of 1008. 

Increases from $500 to $000 nuiiunlly the uppropriutlon for the mainte- 
nance of county snperintendeuts. # Ch. 232, Apr. 27, 1911. 

Now Jersey: Itelntlng to the election, quallflcatlons, duties, and Claries of 

• county superintendents, , 

Ckmnty suiK?rlntendents shall be apiwinted by the commissioner of ♦educa- 
tion, with advice and consent of the State hoard of eilncntlon [was by State 
board of education]. He shall devote his entire time to the dutlaa of office. 
Ho Shull hold the highest certificate Issued In the State [was "a State teach- 
er’s certificate"], and shall have been n resident of the county at least three 
years. His nnminl salary shall he $3,000 [was $2,000]. 

Ch. 367, Apr. 2, 1912. 

• New Mexico (1910) : A de jure county superintendent of schoiils can recover 
from a de facto officer who. has wrongfully Intruded upon the office fees and 

. emoluments without first luvMng his title established in quo warranto. Where 
his term of office has expired. 

A commissloirfrom the governor heW not to give an Intruder in the office 
of county siiperlntondeiit of schools such title to the office as precluded suit 
by one elected thereto t(/ recover the fees of the office.— De A’lgll v, Btroup, 
110 Pac.,,^S30. . 

% 

New York; Requiring county clerks and county treasurers to resupply to 
commissioner of od neat Ion certain data destroyed by fire, 

M ■ ch. 169, May 20l l&ll, 

Nortl^ Carolina: ApTOntlng members of the county boards of education. 

‘ Ohs. 42 and 43, Mar. 8, 1011, ^ 

North Caroling: Amefndlng certnlu sections of the school law. 

(n) Pixm the consolidation of two or more districts by the comity board 
of education, the said board may provide tmnstVtrtatlon of pupils living too 
far from the schoolhouse lo attend otherwise. The cost of such tranbporta- 
tioii slmll not exceed the cost of malnlainlng a separate school, (b) County 
Huiierliiteadeiits nmy^ndminlster oaths, (c) County superintendents sbalf at- 
tend annual meeting of the district assodatloti of county superintendent^ 
and their board shall be Include^ In the traveling expenses chargeable to the 
res[tectlve county:8chool boards, (d) The school census shall be taken bi- 
ennially In June instead of annually in August, (e) Raises the max^um 
salary (fipm the pubttc fund) of teachers of the second gi^de from to 
$B6 per mdntb. (f) Teachers’ reports shall be filed with the county super- 
intendent (g) High and graded school teachera Included In requirement 
that alt teachers attend blei**dnl teocliers’ institute or an accredited slimmer 
iHchwl. <h) Itemized statcineut of receipt and exp^o^tur^ pu^ 



88 


BDUCATiONAL LEGISLATION A NP DECISIONS, 


Uphed annually In August by each county board of education. (1) Petition 
for election to revoke a special tax In a special-tax district shall be signed by 
two-ChIrds (Instead of oue-half) the qualified voters. No sijch petition shall 
be approved oftener than once In two years. **(J) County board of education 
may change boundaries ^>f local tax districts, but no taxpayer shall be relieved 
of payment of school Ux thereby, (k) Couuly board may condemn 3 acres 
(Instead of 2) for a school site. 

Annual appropriation to high schools is increased from $50,000 to''$75,000, 
The chief clerk In the otUce of the State superintendent shall act as secretary 
of the State board pf examiners and shall receive $300 annually for addi- 
tional services tfs such secretary; time limit (15 days) of annual service of 
said board is repealed. County board of education may, upon iwtitioa of 
trustees, enlarge boundaries of siMvlal-tax districts under special charter. 

Ch. 135, Mur. 7, 1911. 

♦North Dakota (1910) : Rev. Code 1905, sec. 764, prescribing an election of 
county superintendent of schools at each general election, held not a violatloill 
of Const! tutiofi, sec. 150. 

Where an election of a county sui)erluteudcnf is a nullity because of the 
Ineligibility of the person elected, the person then holding the office of super- 
intendent holds it until his successor is legally elected and qualified under 
Rev. 0>des, 1006, sec. 764. 

The “ elected,” as used in Rev. Codes 1905, sec. 764, relating ta the elec- 
tion of a county superintendent of schools, signifies an election' of a qualified 
successor to the inemuhent. — Jenness r. Clark, 129 N. W., 357. 

North Dakota: See K (a) and A (a). 


Oklahoma: Giving county superintendents the right to employ one assistant 
or clerk at a salary of $60 i>er month, and allowing, such superintendents their 
actual and necessary expenses while Inspecting schools, provided no expense 
shall accrue for the inspection of a school more than once annually. 

Ch. 139, Mar. 24, 1911. 


Oklahonia: Dlfwtlng county superintendents of public Instruction to employ 
tlift teachers for the separate or minority schools [for colored children] In 
thelr respect^e counties and empowering them to prescribe rules and regula- 
tions for the government of such schools. Ch. OS, Mar. 10, 1911. 

^ Oregon: Providing for a county educational board, defining the powers and 
duties of the same, providing for a division of the counties of the State Into 
supervisory school districts, and providing means for defraying the expenses 
of these districts. ^ , 

In counties containing more than 60 school districts the county superintend- 
ent shall appoint a county educational board of four membera The county 
superintendent shall be ex officio chairman of said board. Term of office of 
appointed members, four years, They shall receive no coni]>en8ntk)n save the 
necessary traveling expenses incurred in the discharge of official duty; maxi- 
mum annnal expenses for each member, $25. Said board shall divide county 
Into supervisory dlstrlcta each to contain froii^ 20 to 50 school districts, and 
liiall employ a sapervisor for each district at a minimum salary of $1,000 per 
year. 

To be eligible to the office ot supervisor a person must hold a valid teacher’s 
certificate and shall have had at least nine months’ teaching experience within 
the State. 

The county snperintendent shall act aa supervisor for one district. Said 
board shall make all rules necessary for government of said supervisors and 
sltoll act as an advisory board to the county superintendent 

Bkicll^npervisor shall devote his entire time to supervision under the direc- 
tion of the county superintendent Ch. 79. Peb. 16, 1911. 


.Oregon: Fixing the annual' salary of the county school superintendent of 
Jackson Couny at $1.8(Xl and an^Uij^rlting him to employ dlg^lcal ^assistance at 
a maxidium cost of $800 per annutd!^^ * Ch. 268^ Feb. 23, 1911. 

^^tendln^ Dma^la Conntyui|p provisions of an act telatlng to 
^ "the duties and trayeUng expenses of county superintendents, thus makit)g said 
^tbe.«httrs ^ "" Olt 88, 10, 1^ 






89 


EUEMENTABY SECOKDABY EDUCATION. 


Pennsylvania: See A (a). 


SonUi Carolina: Fixing the terzxM)f office of copnty saperlntendent as follows: 

Anderson County, two yeafs; the counties of Georgetown, Dorcheeter, Spar- 
tanburg, Richland, I^urens, Barnwell, and Cherokee, four years each, 

(The term prescribed by law for the State is four years, but certain counties 
were 8(>eclflcally excepted, nnd^n them the tertn was made two years.) 

Acts 303, 304, 365, 306, 307, and 369, Feb. 15-25, 1910. 

South Carolina: An act to amend Wtion 1200, C^e of Laws, 1902, etr. 

Relates to the time for which certain members of the county boon! of edit* 
cation of certiiin counties may be paid for examining teachers. 

Act 397, Feb. 20, 1910. 


South Carolina: Providing an assistant county superlntendeat of education 
in Spartanburg County, to be appointed by county superinteudent, with sal- 
ary at rate of $(XX) i)er annum ; term of office not to exceed six months In any 
year; duties as.Hlgued by county superintendent. . Act No. 393, 1912. 

Vetoed, but passed over veto,. 

‘South Carolina: The terms of office of the county superintendents of educu- 
tiou shall begiu July 1 after each general election. The salary of the retiring 
county Buperintendeut of education for June shall not be pa id Except upon 
presentation of certificate of the Slate sui>eriutendent that the annual. report 
of t£^ county superintendent has been filed and accepted. The* term of office 
of the county superiutomlonts of CuionT Iklgetleld, and Callahan Counties 
shall be four years. 

Does not apply to 19 counties. 

No sl^ature of governor. ^ No. 386, Feb. 20, 1912. 

* South Dakota (1910) : The official acts of a county superintendent of schools 
will be valid bo long, as he is permitted to exercise the oT&ce, though he be 

• Ineligible thereto.— State ex rel. Oohsenreiter v. Blegen, Co. Aud., 128 N. W., 
488. . ■ .. J 

* Tennessee (1910) ; Acts relating to the qualifications of a county superintend- 
ent of public schools held mandatory and not directory. — State ex rel. Dnvis 
u, Evaas, 122 S. W., 81. 

* Texas (1909) : Sales of county school lands made by county judges tinder 
powev attempt^ to be conferred on him by the commissioner’s court held 
Invttlld.— Gallup et aUu. Liberty Co., 122 S. W., 291. 

^ * Texas (1910) : Power to fix boundaries of school districts is within the exclu- 
sive juri^ctioD of the commissioners'* court.— Wier et aL Rin et aL, 125 
S. W., 306. 


Texas: See N (o). 

Utah: Relating to county school districts of tl^e first class. 


Any school district outside the limits df cities of the first and second class, 
comprising a school population of more than 2,500 (instead qf 8,000] children 
‘shall be known as a county school district qf the first class. Where an entire 
county is constituted into 6ne or more school districts, each district thail be 
a country district of the first class. Vncancl^ in board of education shall be 
filled by said board instead of by county, commlBSionCra Superintendent of 
schools of such district shall be a bolder of at least a life diploma of gn^mar^ 
school grade. *The estimate of the board of education ihall [iutead of 
may *’] be accepted by the board of county commissioners as the bslris for 
taxanon. ^ Oh. 185, Mar. 20, 1911. 

Utah: Regulating the salaries of county officers. 


Maximum solaries of county superintendents of schools; In oountlea of 
class 1, $2,000; classy 2 and 3, 9^4^; qlasses^ to 12, ineluatve, ^,000; 

« class 13, $750 ; classes 14 and 15, $500. The salary of salA^cer shall be fixed ^ 
by the board 'of county commissioners at least before fals deotioa. 


40 


BDtroAwoKAL is&iSLk&c^ m/Biesmi. 


Vtnh: Relating to qnalificatloha of county snperintendenta. 

In addition to hia consOtutlonal quallflcatlona the county snperlntendenl 
5! a qualified elecfor of the county, at least 25 years old. and have hud 
at least three years experience, m counties of the first, second, and third 
cUm he must hold a hlgh-school life diplomai In counties of the fourtli to 
twelfth class, yicluslve. he must hold a life diploma net. lower than the 
pammar Krade; and In counties of fhe thirteenth to fifteenth class, inclusive, 
he must hold a diploma or certificate not lower than, a five-year State 
certificate. Ch. 49, Mar. 9, 1911. 

Virgil^: An act to amend and reenact section 1438 of the Code of Virginia, 
etc. 

r* 

^ Provides thnt the pny of a division superintendent of ^hools from State 
funds slinll not In any case be less than $200 per annum. (Restores this pro- 
vision which had been omitted in the revision of 1908.) Ch. 98, Mar. 9, 1910. 

Washington: Amending Title HI. Ch. 4. Art VIII of Ch. 97, Acte of 1909, by 
adding four sectlona 

fixes duties of county auditor relative to school district warrants issued 

Ch. 7, Mar. 13, 1911, 

Washington: Amending section 4558 of Remington and Ballinger’s Codes and 
Statnte& 

Makes county treasurer ex officio treasurer of school districts and fixes 
hl8 duties. - ^ Ch. 85. Mar. 14, 1011. 

West Virginia: Amending and reenacting sections 117 and 118 of chapter 45 
of the Co6e as Inst amended and reenac^fed by the acts of the legislature of 
1908, extra session, relating to the duties and compensation of county super- 
intendente. 

County superintendents must have had successful experience, ahd must 
hold first-grade certificates. Maximum salary raised from $1,200 to $1,500. 

4 Ch, ai, Feb. 27, 1911. 

West Virginia (1911) : Where^^at a ^neral election, a president of a board 
of education was elected, bis failure to qualify created a vacancy, under 
Code 1906, ch. 45,* sec. 2. w^bich the county supeiintend^t had the right to 
fill by appointment.— Smith v. Uei>pard, 71 S. E., 115. 

Wisconsin^ Amending section 461b of the statutes, relating to county and 
district superintend^ts of seboots. 

Amends the old law to permit superintendents to teach In professional 
schools for teachers when common schools are not In sesaloti. 

Ch. 207, May 26, 1911. 





A. {d) District^ Town&hip, and Municipal Boards and Officers^ , 


Arkanaaa: Amending section 7681 of Klrby^a Digest [Code of 1904]. 

Repeals that part. of ^ the law wl^lch required that aecretarles of school 
boards In cities on^ towns should be membera of such boaida 

Act 116^ p. 80, Mar. 24, 1911. • 

♦Arkeii mia ^ 1919) t Powers of school districts stated. 



Schpoh^ustecs who Issued Invalid school warrants held not personally 
liable. . " ' 

School directors, hove no authority to purchase maps until authorised to 
so by vote of the electors of the dlhtrlct, and a contract to purchase maps 
author!^ is ' 

conUget I^th officers sue presumed to know the « ^ 




SUlHBZrEUT'AirD BBOOHIUBT SDirctaiOir. 




WlMre ft contract by a adKxrf district for the putfehtn of maps was roid« 

, it could not be ratified by accepting the mape and liplog them. 

« Id an action on achool district warrants glyen maps, the burden was 
upon plaintiff to show that the contihcts were sdr^anthorised by a pnUic 
vote as required by statute. * 

Warrants of a whool district are not negotiable; so that there can be 
no innocent bolder 'of such warrants Issued contrary to law. 

Directors of a school district held not personally liable on a contract be- 
cause they acted beyond their authority.— First Natl. Bank .of Waldron v 
^^TUsenhunt et al.; 127 S. W., 96a 

* Arkansas (1010) : In the prosecution of two school directors Tor a conspiracy 
to extort Q)ODey fr^m a school-teacher, where the State proves a conspira^ 
between only one of the defendants and a third person, then the case is not 
proved.— Bundy et al. v. State, 130 S. W., 522. 

California: Amending section 1617 of the Political Code, rating to the powers 
and duties of trustees In eommon-scbool districts and of school boirds in 
city school districts. 

> 1 , Schoolhouses may be nsed for social and dvic purposed; dty supeUntend- 
ents may be elected for four years; teachers elected annually, but TOnsidered 
reelected unless ^ven notice to the contrary. Ch. 70S, May 1, 1911, 

California: Amending section 1543 of the Political Code, relating to the powers 
nod duties of county superintendents. 

The^npeiintendent may appofbt district trustees to fill vacancies for nnen> 
plred terms. , Ch. 668, May 1, 1911. 

California: Amending section 1618 of the Political Code, relating to the term 
of office of school trustees. 

Changes from July 1 to May 1 the timewof taking oflice. 

Ch. 425, Apr. 10, 19U. 

California: Requiring county superintendent to hold annnal conventions of 
district; trustees in ^unties haring 20 or more districts. At least one trustee 
from each district must attend. Ch, 170, Mar! 10, 1911. 

* California (1910) ; A complaint for an alleged default by a trustee with 
reference to certain school lands, conveyed as security for a debt, held demur- « 
ruble. — Kinley v. Thelen et al., 110 Pac., 518. 

Connecticut: Authorizing certain towns employing 20 or more teachers tp 
employ a superintendent of schools after determination by vote of the people. 

Oh. 28, Apr. 6, liil. 

.Georgia; Requiring bonds from treasnrert^ etc., In local tax districts ontalde 
of citiea Bald officers must keep accurate accounts,' which must be duly 
audited. No. 582, p. 183, Aug. 19, 1011 

^eoigla; Relating to the board of edneatiou of the city of Carterstille. 

Providing for a board of education of three members, to be elected by the 
board of commlsslbners of the city;, no cqmi^nsation ; large powera (The 

. board of ^ncation shall make estimates apd the board of .commlaalopers 
shall fix tax rate. Nb. 818, p. 714, July 19^1912. 

Idaho: Bee A (a). 

* Idaho (1010) ; A sale of land for delinqnmit school tales by the derk of the 

Bcffiool board, at (bb Instance gnd request of the treasurer authorU^ to make 
such sale held valld.—WUson a. Lo^e, 111 ^c.,.247,. ' ' 

* Illinois* (1910) : Where a board of educatSOtii, kragnlirty elect^"%e^ tha - 
only ones to assume the duties of office, gbd the amnion whs acquiesced 
in by the public*, tbe members of such a board are de fficto olBcers.-f-^H0!Wsr4 

: a. Burke et;aU ^ 775. 

* mimcrfa (1911) : Record of a ncitteT ioiaatlBv of hdiool tniateea httd to itrair' 

a K8nla» adjoanuheat fOr lack of a Qoorna. ' • v v >-=srs 






4% BOUCAtio]^;^ pOISLAtlON AND DECISIONS. 

Adjournment of a reg^r me^ng of school trdStees in the exercise of die- 
cretlon will not l)e review^, In the absence of u showing of an abuse of 
power.-^People v. Nelson, w. N. EJ., 1071. 

Indiana: Concerning the tranjkactlon of township bneiness. 

, Statements and estimates of schck>l eipendltnres by township trustees and 
action thereon by advisory board. Ch. 144, Mar. 4, 1911. 

Indiana: Anthorizing school commissioners of cities of over 100,000 InhabN 
tants Tlndianapolis] to contract with any art association for the admission 
thereto of school-teachers nnd children, and validating previous payments 
for such purposes. Ch. 145, Mar. 4, 191 1 . 


Indiana: Concerning boards of school conunissioners in cities of over 100.000 
inhabitants [Indianapolis]. 

Omits prohibition against reductioDB of salaries of officers appointed for 
. fixed terms. Each prlndpai, teacher, or ^ployee of any class, as arranged 
^ in the salary schedule, shall receive the same compensation given to each of 
the other members of the same class. Superintendent of schools, business 
director, secretary, llbrariaii, and superintendent of buildings and grounds 
[new office] shall be appointed for four years [instead of one year at first 
and four years subsequently^]. Said officers may be removed at any time 
> by vote of three members [instead of four-fifths] of the board, former pro* 
vision for notice and hearing being omitted ; librarian ** shall recommeud the 
purchase’* of books, etc., to libraries [instead of “shall purchase” same]; 
the duties of the secretary Ire prescribe and the limit of (lis coinponsatlon 
is raised from $2,000 to $2,500. The superintendent of buildiugs and 
grounds [new offi^] shall be either a sanitary engineer or shall be skilled 
In and previously engaged In the business of beating, drainage, and ventila- 
tion. He ahall take personal supervlsioD of all heating, ventilation, plumb- 
ing, and drainage of nil school, library, and other buildings owned or used 
by the board of school comlssloners ei^er In use, or In the course of erec- 
tion or to be hereafter erected by the board. He shall see that each janitor, 
custodian, or engineer, or -other person employed in like capacity in or about 
such buildlfigSt shall be properly instructed In the care of such boilers, 
furnaces, pipes,' electric wires, ventilators, and* other similar things that may 
fall under their charge. He shall appoint and discharge* all engineers, 
janitors, or other persons employed in or about such buildings subject to 
the limitations of this act stated nnd not otherwise provided for. He shall 
report monthly, annually, and oftener if required by the board, concerning 
the things under supervision of his office. He shall receive a salary not to 
exceed $2,000 per annum to be fixed by the board of school commissioners. 
All appointments or discharges of assistant superlnteudcnts, principals, 
teachers, janitors, or any ‘other employee of the board shall be subject to 
the approval of the majority of Xhe board. Any discharge shall operate as 
a Buspensipn only, until approved by the board, if the discharged shall appeal 
to the board for a hearing. * Oh. 217, Mar. 0, 1911. 


IndUna: Concerning boards of school trustees in cities having a population of 
more than 65,000 and less than 03^000 [Terre Hfute]. 

The common schools of any such city shall be governed by a board of 
five trustees, salary $500 per annum each ; eibeted by i>eopie from city at 
. large; terms four yeara * „ ^ Mar. 4, 1911. 

’ * Indians (1911) : A contract between a heating company, whose president was 

a school trustee, and a school city for the Installation of a heatlog plant 
held contrary to public pollcy.-r-Noble et aL v, Davison, 96 N. E., 326. ' 



* Indiana (1911) ; The office of school trustee held a lucrative office* ** 

Under Burns’s Ann, Stat, 19Q8, secs. ,G400, 6434, 6442, 6448,^6464-6461, 
6475, 6477, ‘10312-10317, duties of d^^uty ..county . auditor held !^ooispatible 
with those^ school trustee,— Wells" State ex tel., 94 N. E., 

(1910) : All statutes relating to the management and administration 
of schools must be construed together. 

Under 'BprujfB Anni^ sec. 6429, a school trustee held authoif^ii^ 

to rssstibilsti ahy ^district has. b^ abaudoned on receiving a 

j^per jpeUt|on,t>Mrefor» *, 


V 


BLEHBKTABl AND BBOOHDABY ZTOOATIOS. ' 48 

The right of the school toWnship trastee to abudon a district school or to 
consolidate one school with another held subject to the powers granted by 
Bnms's Ann. Stat, 1908, bees. 6421, 0668. ^ 

The policy of the legislatnre relating to schools is to commit to the school 
patrons, township trustee, and county saperlntendent the settlement of ques- 
tions pertaining to the changing of school districts and the location and 
construction of schoolhouses. ; 

Under Bums*s Ann. Stat, 1908, sec. 6410, a township school trustee held ‘ 
required to take charge of the education affairs of the township and establish , 
schools, 

Where a trustee was required under Bnma's Ann. Stat. 1006, sec. 6420, to 
reestablish school previously abandoned and consolidated with the district, { 

the refusal to erect a new scboolhouse because of the consolidation was 
proper. 

The power of the school township trustee to remove and relocate school- 
houses linger Bums's Ann. Stat, 1008. sec. 6410, held subject to tbe control of 

. the patrons and county superintendent as antborixed by section 6417. 

Under Burns's Ann. Stat. 1908, sec. 9598, the advisory board held author- 
ized in extreme cases Jo withhold from the school township trustee authority 
to borrow money for the construction of a scboolhouse and to reject bids made 
for the construction of a scboolhouse. 

A trustee of a school township held not authorized to contract a debt for 
Uie construction of a scboolhouse without a previous appropriation by, or 
the consent of, the advisory board to preate an indebt^ess therefor as 
authorized by Bums’s Ann. Stat, 1908, ssca 9590^9602. 

Tbe advisory board held authorized to refuse to consent to tbe construction 
of n scboolhouse at a specified cost. — Good v. Howard et^L, N. E., 115. 

* Iowa (1912) : Where a school district trls8urer,.wbo is about to succeeUjfo- 
self In office, makes a settlemmt with the district board, producing in j^SBle 
form tbe money which be should have on band, his sureties are bound !Br?3oy, 
and are estopped to claim that tbe funds exhibited never in fact went into 
tbe public trMBury ; but where the mon^ is not produced in any form, and 
the board merbly .nccepts a book account or personal statement of the treas- 
urer, without showing that be has the funds in his possession, the liability of 
the sn reties is only prtnia facie. — Ind. Scb. Diet pf Portsmouth e. Herkai* 
rath et nl., 186 N, W„ 1086. 

Kansas: Kelating to boards of education and schools In cities of the first and 
Wcond classes. 

In each of such cities the board of education sball constRt of six members, 
elected by the voters uf the city at large for four-year terms/ three terms 
expiring every odd-numbered year., [itormerly two or three members were' 
elected from each wnrd.1 . Does not apply to cities having a population of 
between 50,000 and 76,000' [Wichita only]. Cb. 267, Mar. 18, lOlK 

Kansas: Relhtlng to officers and employees of boards of education In cities of 
'the first and second clAsses, 


Clerk shall be elected for a term of one year [Instead of daring the pleasure 
of the board] ; his annual report need not show to wbopi moneys were paid. 
Bald board shall elect a saperlntendent of schools, who shall be a bolder of 
a State certificate valid for nt least three years, or be a graduate of an 
accredited normal school, college, or university ; snperlntendents now in serr- 
ice exempt Said superintendent shall be elected for a term of one 6 ^ two 
years as the board may choose [Instead of at plgassre of the board], Tte 
iKtard of education may remove any of Its employees tor Incompetence, negU- 
^ignee, oq immorality after notice and tolr hearing. Cb.,269, Mar. 18, 1911. 

KsmW; Anthorizlng the l)oard of education ef any city of the first, dass to 
elect^tmsurer other than the city treasurer/ to ^ serve during the pleasore 
of the board and to receive buch salary as they niay determine.*. 

* dll. 97, Mar, 18. 1911. 

* Kansas ri910) ; Oontxol of dty tchods held to be tn board of edaeatloD,-*^ 
WiUlaiiMi>^'B^ of Bd. of Oi^ of Paiaona, 106 Fa<^ 86. 



44 


EDUOATIOKAL LEOIBLATIOlf AKD DEOISiaKlSL 


A^ntnckf : An act to amend the w^ool lawn and to create boards of education 
^'and to define their duties In cities of the first class. 


■ic*; Section Every city of the first class In the State [Louisville beli^ the 
one] shall constitute a single school districL and the supervision end 
;.{govemtnent of the public schools shall be vested In a board of educatl^ con- 
sitting of five membera Such board shall be a body corporate and idiall do 
all things necessary to acconipllsh the purpose for which the district is organ- 
lEed f 

Sec. 2. Such board Hhall have exclusive control of the common schools, 
including klndergart^is, high schools, manual training schools, and DQrmnl 
schools, and of common-school property in such city ; appoint officers, agents, 
and employees, ond fix their comp^nsittion ; fix time for its meeting and make 
rules, regulations, and by-laws therefor, and for the governnient of the 
schools, and for the examination, qualification, and employment of teachers, 
such regulations to be operative until repealed by vote of four members ;'to 
certify to the general council the amount of money necessary for the schools; 
^ ' to bold«real and personal property. 

^ 8xC. 3. May Institute condemnation proceedings if necessary to secure real 
property. \ 

Sec. 4. Members of board of education must be 30 years of age, house- 
keepers, or owners of real estate, residents of the city for three years ; must 
not bold any oUl^^ office (except that of notary public or In the militia of 
Kentucky) ; must have no interest in any contract with the board or in the 
sale to the board of books, supplies, etc. ; must not be of the same immediate 
family as any teacher or empj[oyee ef the board. 

Sec. 5. Members of the board shall receive no Tompensation, but shall be 
exempt from Jury duty and from service as election officers. 

Sec. 6. Members shall be elected from the city at large, and for the term 
of four years. ^ . ^ ^ 

Sec. 7. Elections for memberg'of the bqard shall be by secret ballot and on 
, a separate sheet from all other ballots. Prescribes methods of conducting 
elections.* - . 

Sec. 8. Prescribes further details of elections. 

* Sec. 9. The first board, elected In Novemb^, 191 Ci, after organizing shall 
divide its members by lot into two classes, one class consisting of two mem- 
bers to serve two years, and the other class consisting of three members to 
serve four yeors. Elections thereafter to be held in November of each eveu- 
nutnbered year, and members chosen to fill the places'of those whose terms 
next expire shall hold office foi^four years. 

Sec. 10. At the first regular meeting after January 1 each year the board 
shall reorganise by electing one of its members president and anqUier VYce 
president. ; 

Sec. 11. Vacancies shall be flll^ by .the hoard, the member so chosen to 
hold office until bis^sucoessor Is elected and qualified. 

• Sec. 12. When the new board shall have organizeil, the previously existing 
board, all ltd officers and employees, shall surrender their places and functions 
to the new board. i. ; , 

Sse. 13. The board of education shall adopt rules, by-laws, and regulations 


Itor its meetings and for the management of the schools within 00 after 
its organization.; 

8bc.14. The said board shall appoint a superintendent of schools, n business 
director, a secretary and treasurer, and other ni^ssary officers, agents, apd 
employees, none of wlilch aba 11 be members of ^Id board. . 

8eo. Ifi., The superlntaiden^of schools .shall be appointed f^r <me yeaf, hut 
if reelect^ It sbal] be for a term of four years. His compensation shall 'hot 
be changed during the term for which he was elected; he may be removed 
I# by vote of three members. The board may appoint assistant superintendents 
on (the npmtnatton of the superintendent, yrbo may be removed b^; the super- 
intendent ^th the approval of the board. The superlntendelit shall rim ve * 
general supervision, finder the control of the board, of the coarse of iMitiKic- 
tiOn, discipline, and conduct \of the schools, textt^ks, and studies. |All 
aiVpoln&e^ {^motions, atid transfers of teachers and truant office^ and 
intro^nctloo an« chem^ of t^boois and apparatus MuHl be fiiade on 
the* i^thmendatlon ol the .ij^perlntend^ntir afid^the approval ‘ of the board. ‘ 
the soperinteiKleiit m|| bnspend a t^icher or tmant subject to ^e 

action the tKM^ appolutoieafa and promo^ons made hn the 

of soperliiteiident pt teathera ^ 






ELBMBNTABY AND SBCONDABY’ KDUC|TIOir. 


45 


In accordance with Stata laws and regulations of the board; shall derote 
himself exclusively to the -duties of . bis office; may appoint and remove 
clerks; shall exercise general supervision over the schools; fthall keep him- 
self informed of the progress of education elsewhere; sl^ll make reports; 
and be responsible to the board 

Sec. 16. The board shall appoint 'a business director; term one year; If 
reelected it shall be for four years; may belremoved by vote of three-fifths of 
the board; salary not to be changed during term; executive officer of the 
board; executes* and enforce 4»ntracts; custodlun of all property except 
moneys; supervises construction and repairs of hdllHfngs. 

Sec. 17. The bUBiness director shall devote hls^entlre time to the duties bf 
his office; salary fixed by board; shall give bond. 

Sec. 18. Subject to approval of board, basinet director Rlinll appoint and 
may remove engineers, janitors, and other necessary employees und ag^ta. 
Board may provide for competitive examifaatlons for-Jaultors and englueere; 
a umhanical engineer expert lu beating and ventilation shall be employed. 

Sec. 10. Duties of board and school director in relation to advertisements, 
proiH>snl8, and contracts for the erection and rephlr of buildings. 

Sec. 20. Duties of the board in relation to ad yertl scents, proposals, and 
contracts for supplies. 

Sec. 21. The board s^ll appoint a secretary and treasurer, term one year; 
if reelected it shall be for four years; may be removed; shall give bond; 
salary itot to be changed during term; shall exercise, subject to control of 
, board, sui>er\'lsioi^ over the fiscal affairs of the schools, the collection of funds, 
’and the disbursement of moneys; shall record proceedings of board; shall 
make periodical statements and reports; custodian of records and papers; 
subject to approval of board may appoint and remove assistants. 

6ec. 22. Advert isements,'' proposals, and contracts .for deix>slt of funds of 
the board. Withdrawals only by check signed by the secretary and treasurer 
aud countersigned by presldeut or vice president. 

Sec. 23. Annual apportionment of funds tb the several departments. 

Sec. 24. The board may borrow money; limitations. 

^ Sec. 25. For the maintenance of schools the general council shull annnnlly 
caused to be levied and collected a tar of not less than 30 cents on each $100. 
The amount sp raised to be paid over to the board. 

Sec. 26. Moneys received as tbe city's portion of the State school fund dhall 
be appropriated for the maintenance of Bchoofd. 

Sec. 27. Escheated property shall accrue to the'board. , 

Sec. Elxlsting Iffivs relating to tbe assessment and collection of taxes,* 
flnes.^and penalties are not altered or repealed by this act unless inconsistent 
therewith. ' • ' 

Sec. 29. At th^e close of ^ch fiscal year the mayor shall* appoint, expert 
.accountants to examine the books and aemunts of tbe secretary and, treasurer 

• and tbe business manager and to make recommendations relating to business 

• methods. ' _ ‘ . * i * . ' 

Sec. 30. The board may establish and 'maintain kindergarten^, manual traii^ 
Ing schools, normal schools, and normal classes.- 
* wb. 31. The board shall provide setmrate schools for colored children. 

Sec. 32. The board shfj^l presciihe the qualifications for admission to tbe 
varloDS schools, and may^ furnish textbooks and supplies to pupils free of. 
charge. ^ ^ t * ' 

SBC. 33. No sectarian instrucUon. shall be given. 

Sec. 34. Nonresident pupils may be admitted upon payment of proiier 
. tpitlon fees. . 

Skc; 35. Tbe board shaH make repods to the State superintendent of public 
instruction; ^all take school Census ^very thtee years or oftener. In years 
in which no census is tne State superintendent shall estimate the 

number, of children for tbe purpose of apportionment of funds upon the basis 
of the Three enumerations next preceding. 

• Sec. 36. *rbe board slfall miike an^nnual report 

Sdj. 37. Fealties for Tiolatlon. ’ ' ^ 

Sec. 8S. Applicable general laws sbaU be In tall ferce in the city.— Ch. 2, 
Mar. ^ 

*Keatttc^ <1910) : A foperintendeat of achopls held to have authoiitysfo 
appoint on Jane 20 a ichoot trustee to fill a vacancy* to occur on Jfuly 3, in the 
sami year, whemJhia tarin eztttided l^ond date.-— tbrr^ et al. e. Oorhdt« 

. * f '■'JJ-Vr'-.i 'J.'- . ; -• O'*'-. - v’''‘ > •' V" . ' Ti ^ ‘ v * v "'V*-.* '■ •r!''' ^ ■ -%r* 


46 XDVCAITOKAL UOIBLATIOH AITD DBOISIOKS. 

* Kentucky (1010) : Where trneteee of a achool agreed thaf idalntiff 

ehooid have the amotint of certain, taxes for three years, they did not perform 
the contract if they negligently omitted to collect a part of the taxes due. 

In an action for breach of a school districrs coptracl to pay plaintiffs the 
amoont of certain taxes collected for three years, evidence held to show that 
if the school trustees had used diligence In having property listed plaintiffs 
would luive received* an additional, amount equal to the verdict for th^. — 
White Common Sch.'DUt No. 12 et al. v. Grady et al„ 127 S. W., 537. 

.Louisiana: Requiring each school board except In the Parish of Orleans to elect 
a achool-hrard printer, who shall b^ the owner or representative of an estaty 
Ushed newspaper published in the parish. 

The person so selected shall designate a newspaper published in the parish 
as the official Journal of the school board, and he ^all publish In said jonmal 
all the proceedings of the said school board and all official notices which the 
, law requires to be published. Such publication sbnlt be paid at the rate of 

. 50. cents per 100 words for the first Insertion and % cents for each subsequent 
Insertion. The charge for all Job work shall be at the lowest current rate. 

No 134, July 5. 1910. 

Lonlaia&a: limiting the term of office of officials ahd employees of State, dis- 
trict, parochial, and municipal boards to term of office of the members of the 
board electing them. 

Parish superintendent of education shall be elected at the first meeting in 
July following the election of the, school board. No. 30, June 24, 1010. 

* Louisian* (1910).; Where a school board fumlsbee an appeal bond, which 
It is exempted from by Act No. 173 of 1902, It doeSiii!fl forfeit the right of 
exemption, norjA its appeal because of an insyprient bond. 

School boatij^Held net empowered to ofite'-rewards for detection end 
pnnlsbmeht of — Lncblnl et Pollce'Jury et al., 53 So., 08. 


* Louisiana (1010) : A chairman of a local committee appointed by a parish 
achool. board held responsible to the board for unsuitable brick contracted 
for. — Parish Bd. of Sch. Dir. v. Alexander, 51 So., 906. 

* Louisiana (1011): A school board must be sued in Its own name under 
Code prac.. Art 119, and the citation addressed to It under Art 170. 

Acceptance of service by the president of a school board of a citation I 
served on him does not eure the want of citation to the school board. 

a ce of the president of a school board without authority from 
eld not to cure the want of citation against such corporation, 
bool board filed exceptions ^f no cause of action, misjoinder, and * 
after having first exceptbd to the Jurisdiction for want of citation 
& such want of citation. 

h^d not to cure the want of citation of a school board as de- 
^hlte Hall Agr. Co. et al. o.‘ Police Jury of Concordia Parish et 
^ Hi., 54 So., 837. 

Hotne: Relating to the pnlon of two or inore towns for the employment of a ' 
Buperlntendent of sdioola 


*. The State superintendent of public schools m4y, under certain clrcum- ^ ^ 

stances, approve the union of towns for said pnrik>se when such towns have ' 
an aggregate of less than 20 or more than 50 schoola 
\ Ch. 92, Mar. 27, 1911. 

Ifaliie: Establlahlng a board of education In the city of Blddeford. , 

Said board shaU'llonHlst of the mayor and four persons elected 'by the peo- ' 

pie at large to serve four years, the term of one expiring each year. 

Oh. 172. Mar. 22, 1911. 

' Haine: Thdng. tlie compensation of the superintendent of schools of the city of 
Old Town tor supervising certain schools for Poiobscot Indians. . p 

Oh. 148, Mar. 80, 1011. 


1^ tor the distffiarge^ of the tapertutendeat of ftohobis by the 




I the 8 Tacanqr ife his oAoe . 




ELEMBNTART AND 8BC0NDAKT BDTTCATIOir. 


47 


Maine: ProTiding that the amount of State aid for salaries of snperl^endenta 
of towns comprising Bchool unioss shall be deducted from State school fund*. 

ClL 191, Mar. 81, 1911* 

• Maine (1910) : Under Priv. and Spec. Laws, 1808, ch 465, 2, as amended by 
Prlv. and Spec. Laws, 1907, ch. 11^, held that a superintending school com- 
mittee could not deprire themselves of the right to remove a superintendent 
at any time by n contract of employment for a definite term. — Oolllns u. City 
of Lewiatou, 77 At, 834. ^ 

Maine: See A (h). 

Massachnsetts : An.act relative to the school committee of the city of Newton. 

Bruces the number of members to eight; namely, the mayor, ex officio, 
and ’one elected from eoch of the seven wards. The act must be adopted by^ 
the voters of the city before taking effect. . Ch. 232, Mar. 18, 1910. 

Massachusetts: Providing a new charter for the city of Cambridge. 

Section 20 prescribes the powers and duties of the school committee in the 
conduct of the scboola Ch. 631, Ji|ne 7, 1911. , 

Massachusetts: Providing for the permafieuce of school superlntendency 
unions. Ch. 899, May 4, 1911. 

Massachusetts: Defining the duties and powers of school superintendents. 

He shall supervise the schools, be executive officer of the achool Committee, 

C assist the school committee lu keeping records and accounts and making 
"reports, recommend teachers, and recommend textbooks and (Curses of study. 

Ch. 444, May 13, 191L 

Massachusetts: Amending sec. 44, ch. 42, of the Rev. Stat, relating to the em- 
ployment of superintendents of school unions. 

Fixes tenure of oflSce nt three years. Ch. 384, May 1, 1911. 

MicbigA^: Authorizing the board of educatioU of any organized achool diatrict 
containing a population of lOp.OOO or more to purchase or lease lands for 
*Bchoolhouse sites, agriculture, athletic fields, and playgrounds; and to sell 
any property no longer required, and to establlab and maintain agricultural, 
trade, and vocational schools; and if deemed necessary to acquire lands for 
such purposes qatside the district limits. No. 222, Apr. 28, 1911. 

Minnesota: Providing for the compensation and expenses of members of the 
school board in comnionrscbool districts consisting of 10 or more townships. 

Compensation: $200 a year 
. $400, SI to 61 schools: 

Traveling expenses shall 
$^, and $500, depending upon'' 

/ 

Minnesota: Bequiring school boards In districts of 10 or more {ownshlps to 
publish their proc^lnge. ^ 

The public examiner shall an&iially examine the books and records of such 
districts. , Oh, 861, Apr. 20, 1911. 

Minnesota: Authorizing the chalni^n of the school board of any common- 
school district to receive as compensation such an amount ns may be voted 
at regular school mating, not to exceed $6 In any one year. 

P Ch. 240, Apr. 18, 1911. 

* Miss^slppi (1910) : An indictment for forgery of a school truiM*s certiflcn^ 
as requir^ by Code 1906. sec. 4668, heM Hemuntible. 

In a prosecution for forgery of a* school tmstee's certifljC»t& 'held ,that the 
persons whose names are forged must be trustees of the public school, whlch-^ 
^ £act must be formally alleged.— Griffin v. 8tate, 61 8a, 466* 


yea r whe re i 
g upon Tne nt 


^re such district contains 80 public schools; 
91 schools; $80iO, 91 sriiools or more. 
Uk maximum being fixed at $160, $800, 
number of schools In the district 

Ch. 148, Apr. 13, 19U, 





48 


SDTTGATiainLL LBQISLATIOK AKD BEOI6IOK8. 


*BfUsonrl (1010): The statute providing the method by which notice of a 
special meeting of the board shall be given, must be obeyed. 

The statute authorising the majority of the board to hire a teacher ineffns 
a majority acting at a legal meeting, and not a majority of the directors 
acting separately. 

Special meeting of school directors to employ a teacher held valid under 
Rev. SUt, 1890, sec. 9706 (Ann. Stat, 1906, p. 4479).— Johnson r. Dye. 127 
S. W., 413. 

Montana: Empowering districts having a ]»opulntlon of 2.000 [was 5.0001 or 
more to enmloy a superintejident of schools for a term nut exceeding three 
years. ' Ch. 41, Feb. 2.3. 1911. 

* Montana (1909): Tresentatlon of a claim to clerk of a school district and 
bis action thereim held to create no obligation on port of ,d!.'<trlct. — Kenyon- 
Noble Lumber v. Sch. Dlst. No. 4 of Gallatin Co. et al., 105 Pac.. 551. 

Nebraska: Relating to certain officers of boards of education iu cities of the 
first class having between 25,000 and 40,000 inhabitants, and aiso to taxation 
and bonds in such cities. 

Each of such boards shall onuaily elect a secret ary, who shall not be a 
member of the board, and whose salary shall not exceed $1,000 per annum, 
and a superintendent of buildings whose snlary shall uot excewl $1,200 per 
annum. 

The aggregate of school tax, exclusive of scbool-boud taxes, shall in no 
one year exceed 18 [Instead of 151 mills. Under certain specified conditions 
the board of education may borrow money u|X>n bonds hearing not over r> 
[infitead of 6] per cent interest. Not over $50,000 of such bonds Bhnll he Issneil 
In any one year.' * Ch. 124, Apr. 4, 1911. 

• Nebraska (1911) : Long-continued, construction of Laws 1881, ch. 78, subd. 13. 
secs. 2, 3, 6, allowing compensation to secretary of l>oard of education of 
State normal schools, knowing he was .a member of the hoard amhorizes the 

•State auditor to approvp such claim.— State ex rel. Ludden r. Barton, auditor, 
130, N. W., 260. 

* Nebraska (1910) ; Right to mnudnmiis to compel payment of n school district 
warrant stated. 

Oobbey*0 Ann. Stat, 1909, sec. 8430. giving a hoard of education power to 
hire a regular attorney, held not U> disable l>onrd from employing counsel at 
the districts expense In addition to the regular attorney. 

School district warrants are not negotiable and n purchaser, takes them 
subject to all existing equities — State ex rel. J. L. Brandies & Sons v. Mcl- 
cher, city treas., 127 N. W., 241.*^ ^ 

• Nebraslui (1911 ) : Where school district has exerylsed its franchises for ii ' 
year,. Its legal organlaatlou will be conclusively presiinio<l. 

Where, in the statutory name of a school district as used, the words are 

• transpose the variance will not Invalidate acts t>f the district 

^Under Comp. Stat, 1900; ch. 70, subd*. 14,* an election to determine the 
Issuance of school bonds may be calM on the vote of two-thirds of the luenj- 
bers of the board of education. — Kookrow Ct al. r. Whisenniid et nl.. 1,30 
N. W., 287. . ^ 

Neva^: See A (a). 

New Hampshire: Protldlbg that each nieinbea,of the school board of the city 

* of Manchester *8hall receive $25 annually for his services. 

Ch, 206, Mar. 15, 1011. 

New Jersey:. An act conbemlng the nppointiuent of members of the boi^rd of 
education In certain cities of this State. ^ . 

In all cities having A ^rd of education appointed by the mayor, any duly 
qualified resident may be appointed to serve on such board without regard to 
his place of residence. • . • Ch. 218, Apr, 9, 1910. 

Jersey: Regqla ting, the employment and discharge of public-school Janl- 

Prorldes that no^jmbltc-achool janitors^ dismissed or sbspended nor 
have hla confpeniiqon decreased „^cept upon sworn cdmplaint tot cause and 
A . 0^ 44, Mar,, fl(>, 19U. 















V ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION. 

49 -| 


New Jeraef^ Ei tending the appUcetlon of an act entitled **An act regalatlnt 
the employment, tenure, and discharge of certain officers and employeea of 
this State and of the various counties and municipalities thereof, aid provid- 
ing for a Civil Service CommisBion and defining its powers and duiies,** ap- 
proved April to. 1008. to all school districts of this State. 

Ch- aw, May. 2," 191X * 

New Jersey: With certain exceptions, city .boards of education shall be ap- 
. pointed by the mayor; five members in cities having less than 45,000 inhab- 
itants, nine in cities having more than 45.000 inhabitants; appointments each 
year In January, and terms begin February 1. Ch. 370, Apr. 2, 1912. 

New Jersey: In Incorporated town districts ^of over 10,000 inh|ibitaDts the 
board of education shall consist of two persons appointed by the mayor. 
[Takes such towns from the general law, which required nine members.] 

Ch. 340, Apr., 1912. 

New Jersey: The custodian of the school district money [who is also custodian 
of the' moneys of the municipality in which the district is located] shall 
receive comD^^tion fixed by the board of edu<;ntio];^ [instead of the common 
council. et^JPKd be paid from funds of the hoard of education [instead of 
the common council, etc.]. If the terra of -custodian expires before the end 
of the school year, be shall continue as -custodian of the^ scho^ funds until 
the end of tlie school year. Said custodian shall render nccounts to the 
' board <ft education and shall ^posk the school moneys in depositories named 
by the board of education. » Ch. 285, Apr. l' 1912. 

•New Jersey (1910) : Term "financial officer" ns used In 2 Gen. Stut, 1895, 
p. 2078, sec. 2, as applied to school districts defined. 

A rlaij'i'.nt of li Mod on a fund applicable to n municipal building may 
Include Items furnished to him by another ond^usetl In the^bulldlng.— Hazard 
et al. V. Bd. of Ed. of Sch. Dlst of Boro, of Swedesboro et al., 75 At, 237. 


•New Jersey (1908); Township committee does not abuse Its discretion in 
fixlng^the salary of the custodian of school funds at on amount less than 
wonla have been paid on a percentage basis under a statute recently ^re- 
pealed.—RtiSe v. Middletown Twp., Monmouth Co., 74 At, 605. 

•New Jersey (1911) rContract for heating apparatus for schoolhouse can be 
made only by the board at a regular meeting under Pub. Laws 1903 (2d sp. 
sess.), p. 34, sec. 89, and -a contract by the president and clerk is unauthor- 
ized. — American Heat A Vent Co. v. Bd. ot Ed. of T’n. of 
At, 313 ( 

•New Jersey <1912) : Where a public board, required to award a bid to the. - 
lowest responsible bidder after advertisement allows bidders to furnish plans 
and BpeclflcatioDs, all bidders were not made #cqiiaiqted with the specifications 
J In their entirety, and the opportunity to bid afforded by definite specifica- 
tions, open to air bidders, was not given. 

A public board, charg^ with the duty of awarding a contract for public 
work to the lowest responsible bidder will not have discharged its duty 
where, after bids have been opened. It agrees with the then lowest bidder 
to diminish the amount of the work In considemtion of a reduction of the 
et al, v; Bd, of Ed. of Kearney et al., 88 At., 954. 

New Mexico: The board of education of each incorporated city shall consist of 


flv^ members, elected at large. Full terms, four years; two of the first board 
expiring In two years and three In four years. Election, first Tuesday in 
April in each odd-numbered year. (Fornaerly two members from each w^fd; 
terms two years, one elected each year.) Ob. 48, iuue 8, 1012. 


New Mexico: Relating to publj^tfons < In periodicals). 

The publlcatidn of proceedings of boards of education and achoordif>^cttua 
' ^whlch.are rednired by la% shall be published pnee only, and 

l^licatlonB relating to adiool matters shall be paid from the ochdo)|^raida. 

‘ ‘ OIL- 49,.Jiine,lft:.WR 





60 


HDtrOATTOKAL LB0I8LATION’ AND DEOISIONS, 


Ifew York: AmeDdlng the education law. 

Section 2M forbids school district tcnstees to issue a warrant for the 

to pay such warrant. 

Section 285 forbids the Interest of trustees In school contracts. 

^0 makes It the duty of th^ boards of education of union free- 
achool dl^cU to purchase land for recreation groitids when desiKnated 
by a meeting of the district. ^ ch. 140, Apr. 22. 1910. 

New York: Amending the Grenter New York charter, relative to viicaUons of 
vSmployees. * 

enlployees.^f the de|)artmeut Of education a vacation of not^ 
less than two weeks In each year. Ch. 079. June 25, 1010. 

New York: Amending the Greater New York charter in relation to the power 
of the board of educaUon to dispose of personal property. 

board to sell at prevailing market prices such manu- 
artides or other products^ Its vocnttoiml. trade, preparatory trade 
wDMls, and truant schools, day and evening, as may not be utilized by the 
hoard of ^ucatlon, and nil moneys realized by the-sale thereof shall be paid 
In to me ciy treasurer, and shall at once be appropriated by the board of 
esUmato and apportionment, to the special school fund of the board of edu- 
cation for use In the borough In which the property sold was situated. 

Ch. 456, June 0, 1910. 

New York: Amending the charter of the city of Lackawanna. 

Ihe superintendent of schools and the attendance officers of District No 6 
ahaU enf^ the ct^pulsory attendance laws in all the territory Included 
llmlto. JChe school commissioner shall have no Jurisdiction In 
District No. 6, which lies wholly within the city. Ch. 491, June 15, 1910. 

New York: Amendlug the charter of the city of Poughkeepsie.' 

board of education shalT consist of sev'en members who 
shall be styled commissioners of schools. Upon the expiration of the terms 
of office of the commissioners now appointed, and annually thereafter, the 
mayor shall appoint one commissioner of schools for the term of seven years. 

Ch. 632, .June 23, 1910. 

Now York: Amending the charier of the city of Rensselaer in relation to special 

lax election 'for school purposes. 

Date of such election shall beNfixed by the board of education, 

Ch. 597, June 22, 1910. 

New York: Amending the charter of the city of Watertown. 

Sec. 13, • • • On the 1st day of January, 1911, the mayor shall 

appoint nine commissioners of education, two of whom may be women, three 
of said number for a term of one year, three for a term of two yeare. and 
three for a term of three years; their respective terms of office shall com^ 
mence on the 1st day of January. 1911, and shall terminate at the end of 
one, two, and three years, rMpectlvely. Ch. 500, June 16r 1910. 

New York: AN ACT To amend the education law by nbollshlng the office of 
school commissioner, creating the office of district superintendent of schools, 
and prescribing tlie powers, duties, and responsIblllUes of such suiwHutendent 

Sio. 880. The office of district superintendent of schools Is hereby cre- 
ated to on the 1st day of January, 1912. 

8m 881. 1. The territory embraced in the school commissioner districts 
of the Bute outside of cities and of school districts of 5,000 populaUon or 
ihOlpe, which employ a superlntaident of schools, shall be organized and di- 
vided Into supervisory districts. In the formation or division of siuch terri- 
tory into such districts no town shall be divided. The territory of such dls- 
^cti must be contiguous and compact, and towns shall be arranged in dis- 
^ ^ division of the territory, and number 

of ttSiQol districts as may be practicable. 

^ 8 conh^ entitled to two or more supervisory districts, the school 

* comtnilsloiier of e^h school comxnlMoner di^ict In such county and the 





BLBMENTABT AND 8EC0ITDARY EDT70ATI0K. 


61 


mipervtsor of each town in such county shall meet at the county seat of radii 
county on the third Tuesday in April, 1911, at 10 o'clock In the forenoon and 
divide such county Into the number of supervisory districts to which It U . 
entitled. 

5. The number of supervisory districts Into which eactt county shall be 
organized or divided is ns follows: 

[Four counties comprise one district each; 8 contain 2; 18 contain 8r 18 
contain 4; 7 contain 5; 4 contain 6; 2 contain 7 ; 1 contains 8,] 

Sec, 382. 1, Two School directors shall be elected for each town at the gen- 
eral election held In the year 1910. One">)f such directors shall be elected to 
serve until January 1. 1013, and the other shall be elected to serve until 
January 1, 1910. A director shall he elected at the general election in 1812 
»md every fifth year thereafter any one shall be elected In 1915 and every 
fifth year thereafter. The term of office of the directors elected in 1912 and 
thereafter shall commence on the 1st day of January follotvlng their election 
and continue for five years. 

2. A school director shall vacate hla office by removal from the town or by 
filing a wrltt«a resignation with the town clerk, A vacancy In the office pf 
school director shall be filled by the town board of the town in which such 
vacancy exists. If the town falls to elect a dlrectdr, k' vacancy shall be 
deemed to exist in such office. 

3. A school director before entering upon the discharge of the duties of his 
office, and not later than 30 days after the date on which he was elected to 
office, shftli^take the oath of office prescribed by the constitution, 

4. A sc-liool director shall receive ^2 per dny for eaeft day’s service and his 
necessary traveling expenses. 

Sec. 8^. 1. The school directors of the several towns composing a super- 
visory district shall meet for organlzntlon at 11 o’clock In the forenoon on 
the third Tuesday In May following their election. Such meeting shall be ^d 
at a place In the supervisory district, designated by the county derk, atlwst 
10 days previous to the date thereof. The school directors present at such 
meeting' shnll organize by electing from their number a chairman, a derk, 
and two Inspectors of election. The school directors at sqch meeting ahall 
deslgpate a place for holding future meetings. 

2. The Khool directors of the sevenil towns composing a supervisory dis- 
trict shalFbe a bonrd of school directors, and such board of directors shall ^ 
meet at 11 o’clock jn the forenoon on the third Tuesday In August, mi;'''' 
and on the third Tuesday In June every fifth year thereafter and elect a 
district superintendent of schools. 

3. If such directors fail to elect a district superintendent of schools before 
the 1st day of January following the date of sueh meeting, and a vacancy 
exists in such office, the county Judge shaV. opi>olnt such superintendent, v^o 
shnll serve until the board of directors shall fill such vacancy. 

4. In the election of such district superintendent the vote shall be by 
ballot and the person receiving a majority of all votes cast shall be elected. 
Each school director shall be entitled to one vote In such election. 

Sec. 384. 1, ^To be eligible to election to the office of district superlateadent 
of schools a person must be at least 21 years of age, a citizen of the United 
States, and a resident of the State, but he need not be a rt‘sldent of the 
supervisory ^strict for which he Is elected at tffe time of his election. Such 
superintendGSK must, however,, become a resident of the connty containing 
the district for which he has been elected on or b^ore the date on which his 
term of office begins. Failure to ncqulre such residence will be deemed a 
removal from the county. No person shall be ineligible on account pi sex^ 

2. In'addltion thereto he must possess or be entitled to receive a certlflcate 
authorizing him to tench in any of the public schools of the State without 
farther examination, and he shall also pass on examination prescribed by the 
commissioner of education on the supervision of courses of study in ag^cul- 
tore and teaching the same. 

8. A' dlstrictT superintendent who Is removed from oflnee shall not be eligible 
to election to such office In any supervisory district for a period of five years. 

6ko.' 885. A district superintendent of schools before entering upon the dls*^ 
charge of the duties of his office, and not later ^n five days afbr the date 
on which bis term of office,, is to commence, shall take the oath of odiee pre- 
scribed by the cpnstltntiofi'. 

fixa 8S& The distrii^ superintendents elected in 1911 shall hold office 
the lat day oif August, The tan tmn of office of |i district tnperintendr 










52 


BDUOATJOSAL LBGI8LA1105 AITD DECTSTOK8. 


1®^® tjjereafter ghall be five yean and ahall com- 
August next after Us election. A district suMr- 
iS^n °®<=e ““tU hU successoMs 

ni»n^^’ district superintendent of schools sliall be vacant 

1. The death of an Incumbent 

2. His removal from ofl9ce by the commissioner of education. 

8. His removal from the county. 

K ^ county bis written resignation. 

achoo?aSt’^°'^ Bupernsor, town clerk, or trusts of a 

B ^* 0 Q?*nTK® “® provided In this article. 

Bbo. 888. Whenever a vacancy occurs It shall be filled for the remainder of 
the unexplred term by the board of school dfrectors. manmer oi 

Seo. 389. 1. Each district superintendent shall receive an annual salary 
I State of $1,200, payable monthly by the commissioner m 


education 


from the 

from moneys appropriate^ therefor. 

composing any Supervisory district may. 
by adoring a resolution by a majority vote, Increase the salary to be paid 

superintendent The board of supervlore of 
each county rtall levy such amount annually by tax on towns composing such 
Bnpervlsery district within the county. 

Sec. 390. The commissioner of education shall quarterly audit and aUow 
the actual sworn expense Incurred by each district superintendent of schwls 

the. amount of such expense 
allowed shall not exceed In any year $300. Such expenses shall be paid by 
the commissioner of education from moneys appropriated therefor 

commissioner of education may, whenever he is satisfied 
that a ^^rlct superintendent of schools has persistently neglected to nerfom 
' Jf withhold payment q^he whole or any part of such Huj>erln- 

^ b^m«W and he may also withhold any 

which such superintendent wnall be entitled ^r expenses and the 
wount thus withheld shall be forfeited; but said cofijoiissloner may In his 
discretion, remit such for.felture In whole or In pIfL 

commissioner of education may, by an order under the seal 
of the ^ucatlonal department, remove a district superintendent of schools 
from office whenever he Is satisfied that such superintendent— 

X Has been guilty of Immoral conduct; 

Z la Incompetent to perform any official doty ; or 

perelstenUy neglected or willfully -refused to perfomi any lawful 
duty Imposed upon him. ^ lawAui 

8xa 393. A district superintendent of schools shall not— \ 

Interested, otberwfSe than ns author. In 
Om Mlo, publication, or manufacture of school books, maps, chiuts. or school 
^ aP^ratuB or In tlfe sale or manufacture of school furniture or any 
\8Cbool or library supplies. ^ 

of^i Interested in any contract made by the trustees 

irj ?*" Interested In any agency or bureau' malntaified 

to obtein or aid In obtaining positions for teachers or superintendents. 

4. Directly or indirectly receive any emolument, gift, imy, reward o'l 
««»““en'J'nK or Procuring the sale or Mdln^ 
in procuring tte sale, use, or adoption of any book, map, chart school’ 
apparatus or furniture, or other supplies for any school or library or for 
recommending a teacher or aiding, a teacHer In obtaining arap^lntoS? 

8*0. 89^ A district BHpsrlntendent of schools shaU devote bis whole .time 

“ performahce of the duties oi his office and shall not engage In an? ^ 

2?? Soch time as shall not necessa^ ^devotS \ 

" . ^Parlntendent of schools to the performance of the clerfcal ‘ 

y. ^ iV°^ y??* *’® devoted to the visitation aUd \ 

* maintained In his supervisory district ' 

. •npwlntendsnt of schools shaU Have power and It^S^V 

. 1^0^ to po tato ^ 

wmfils sopjlrvlfio:^ filetrict o£« deft^^iy 4nd 



BLBMBNTABT AND fiBCONDABT EDTJOATIOH, 


53 


plainly described In the rerords of the office of the proper town derk; and 
In case the record of the bouDdarles of any school ’disWct shall be fonnd 
indefinite or defective, or If the same shall be In dispute, then to cause the 
some to be amended or an amended record of the boundaries to be made 
All necessary exi>enses Incurred In establishing sUch amended records shall 
be a* charge on the distrlft br districts affected, to be audited and allowed 
by the trustees thereof, on the certificate of the district superintendent 

assemble all the teachers of his district by towns or otherwise on 
days other than legal holidays when schools are not In session, for the pur^ 
pose of conference on the course of study, for reports of and advice and 
counsel In relation to discipline, school management, and othes school work, 
and for promoting the general good of all the schools ^of the district 

3. To frequently and thoroughly insi>ect the work, done in the training 
classes maintained In his district and'to revort Co the commissioner 
education op the efficiency of the Instruction given and the observaUon and 
practice work done the uienibers thereof, 

4. To bold meetings of trustees and other school officers and * to advise 

with and counsel them In relation to their powers and duties, and particu- * 
lariy in relation to the rcpu+r, construction, heating, ventilating,’ and light- 
ing of schpolhouses and improving and adorning the school grounds To 
especially advise trustees relative to the employment of teachers.* the 
adoption or textbooks, and the purchase of library books, school aDParatus. 
furniture, and supplies. ' 

5. To djrwt the trusteed of any district to make any alterations or repairs 

to tlie schoolhouses or outbuildings which shall. In his opinion, be necessary 
for the health or comfort of the pupils, but the amount which trustees shall be 
directed to expend in such alterations or repairs shall not exceed S200 In anv 
one year. • t 

B, To direct the trustees of any district to make any repairs or alterations 
to school furniture, or where, in his opinion, any funilture is unfit for use 
ma not worth repairing, oi when sufficient furniture is not provided to direct 
that such new furniture shall be provided ns he deems necessary, but the 
amount thus directed to be exi)€Dded shall not exceed in any one je^r $100. 

7.. To direct the trustees of any district to abate any nuisance In or on the 
school grounds. 

8. To condemn n sohoolbouse as provIdp<Uel8ewhere In this chapter. 

9. To examine and license teachers pursuant to the provisions of this 

chapter. He shall also conduct such other examlnaUons as theTlommlssloner 
of education shall direct. ' * ^ 

10. To examine any charge affecting the moral character of any teacher 
residing or employed within his district, and to revoke such teacheris certlfl^ 
\cale as elsewhere provided by this chapter. 

, 11. To take nffidinits and administer oaths In all matters pertaining to the 
public-school system but without charge or fee. 

12. To take and report to the commissioner of educatlpn under the direction 
of such comniisslonor testimony in a case oh appeal. In Such a case or In any 
matter or proceeding to l>e henrd^or determined by the district superintendent 
he may Issue a subpoena to comiKil the attendance of n wlUiess. Service of 
such subpoena shall be made n reasonable time before the date naxhed therein 
for the hearing by exhibiting the same to the person so served, with the signa- 
ture of the district superintendent of schools attached, and by leaving a copy 
thereof with such person; The witness shall be entitled to receive at the time 
of .service the same fees as provided by law for witnesses In a court of record. 
Disobedience to such subpoena shall subject the delinquent to a penalty of 
which shall be recovered by the county treasurer in. bis name of office for 
the. benefit of the county. 

18. To exercise, in his discretion, nny of the powers and perform any of the 
dtitles of another district superintendent on the written request of such other 
superintendent, and he must exercise such powers and perform such dutlM 
when directed to do so by the commissioner of education. 

14. To make such Investigations and to make such reports to the commis- 
sioner of education upon any matter or act as said commissioner shall from 
time to time request He shall make an annual report on the 1st day of 
tember In such form atid giving such information as the commlsiioper ofMa- 
cation shall require. For this {purpose he shall procure the reports ettfuKm 
of -"^school ffistricts from the town 4fierks* offices, and after ^xtracting^be 







84 




ft 


rm . \ 

ratJCAZIOTAL ZJOlSIJdg^S’ AJfm 

Worie and depoaH tben with a Copy of hla 
MMnct tn the oQm of the eooiity clerk. 

eopertotendttit ekell be subject to siidi mles and dlrec- 
“?!!L ^ edncatlon ahalt from time to time preecrlbe. 

-,P*^ y- ^ ^«rict roperln^ent of schoolwahaU, in addlOon to the doUea 
upon him by this tlUe, poaaeaa and be subject to all the 
2^^ 5?“*^ reflwnslbUltleB with which a achotfl commlBsloner la 
cstrgea Dy law. ; 

official acts of a <tistrict superintendent of scboola 
or frm Ms leftsBl or failure to act tn any matter In which he may legMIy act 
my be takCT to the commissioner of education. All questions In controTersy 
reta^^o the d^on of such district superintendent or to the formation 
ofi^errlsory d^rtct ahaU be determined by the commisslcmer of education on 
proper app^L The proTlalons of article 14 of this chapter shall apply to and 
gDTem such appeals and decisions therein. Ch. 607,* June 23^ 1910. 

•Kew Twk (1910) : Public-school premises In New York City^ held under the 
■nperrislon and control of Its bdbrd-of education. > 

• of New Tork City to rely on Ito school board performing 

Ue doty In the first Instspce of cleaning snow and Ice from the sidewalks 
to front of a public ,schpol. 

to ^.pr^lpal and Janitor of a public school of New York City, and 
to tM lu^)ector of its board of education, of accumulation of snow and Ice 

the sidewalk in front o^ school premises, held, not notice to the*city. 

Ow«i V, (31 ty of New York, 126 N. Y. Sup., 88. 

(1910) : In absence of statutory authority, board of education is 
wlaotit power to discipline Its employees by Imposition of a flue 

charter. (Laws^lOOl, ch. 466, secs. 1003, 1100) a 
jamw'of a public school Is nn employee and may be fined for violation of 
ruiea 

Qr«ter York charter (Laws. 190l', ch. 466, sec. 1068) anthorlios the 
adoption x>f by-laws by the board of education providing for the imposition of 
a fine on a Janitor^f a public-^hool buldipg for^i violation of proper rules. 

A ctmtract of employment b^een a school hoard and the Janitor of a school 
bulldtog does, not' exempt the Janitor from the operation of by-laws subse- 
onratly adopted regulating duties of janitors and providing for a flue for the 
Rotation of TOch regulations.— Farrell o. Bd. of Bd. of C3ity oY New York, 122 
. N, X. Bpp., 289. . * • 

^ * C3eitiorarl Is the only remedy to review the action of the 
board ex plication in fining q janitor for violation of rule of the board 
; /wSr®** Grwter New York charter (Uwa 1001, ch." 466. seca 1100, 1068, 

) s. J^ ntlng the board of education certain judicial powers over officers 
Md subordinates and the power to fine for violation of rules, a Janitor la an 
akployee subject to penalty of fine by the beard. 

-The bprd of education having jurisdiction to try and determine a charge 
agunst janitor for infraction of^ rules, Its determination Is a final Jadsment 
and can not, be collaterally attacked. 

If any prerogative of 'the* board of edncatlon has been nnlawfuUv assumed 
^ bprd of education, or any abuse of authority Indulged In or any sub- 
injustice done,, the apj^Uate division on review may ratifv it. 

Sset^ 25 of the by-laws of the board of education, providing that the 
CMumittoe ^ care of bnlldinga may impose a fine not exceeding five daya^ 
Add pot to conflict with the power of the board of educathm to fine* 
naoer Greats. New York charter (Lnwa' 1001, ch. 466L seca 1100 1968.^ 
1098),-Bgan e, Bd. of Ed. of (31ty ot^^ew York, 127N.T^S^(lUw - ^ 

: Code Proe., eec«. I92T. 1929, had not to anthorice an 
. “°°° o* educaUon of a nnlotf fre»«chool 

CDstyict, inafTidtialiy. vupg 

Judgment against .tdmJtndlTiduais of a board of education in a 'justice 
pojnt J^m4 firroneona 

.^Tldw.of edne^raa hw (Conaol. tawa, A. 16, aac. 220) making the board 
' ^redacMon^ a ITeMichooVdlatrict a oorporatloa, tlablllty far wrongful dla- 
a ^<^ «n»jlpyed by the board la a aablllty of the board aa a 

^ gwinty jconrt flfom a.Jtwttca court to an, action' aiatnat 
» boird of edontit^ ^eM. timt the' eap^ court oocM auh>' 




/ 



;# 


, - . '"w ^ > • ' 

BI^EKTAiT ASD SBOOHItA&VWQrdAllOlt, 


-T-rrra 

66 - 


.stitute the bo&td of edacatton a« d^e&dant tn place of the IndlTldoala.^ 
Beynolda o. Foafpr et aL, Bd. of Ed., 128 N. X. Sop,. 27S. 




* New York (1010) : School commlndoner held part of the State ^^8telD subject 

. to the control of the coihmleeidner of educattoa. 

Under edncatlonal law (Coneol. L^iwa ch. 18, eec. 888) the commlSBloner 
of edacatton may remove a school commissioner for negligence without notice 
or hearing. 

In determining whether a school commissioner has been guilty of wlllfal 
violation or neglect of duty within educational law (Consol, t^ws, ch. 16, 
sec. 338) the, commissioner of education may consider official records on file 
In the educational department of the State. 

The office of school commissioner if not property ** In the sense that 
removal therefrom without a hearing is taking of property wlthont doe 
process of law.— People ex ret Woodward v. Draper, <3om*r of Ett., 124 N. T. 
Sop., 768. 

•New York (1910) : Under Greater New York charter the board of aldermen 
and not the board of education has power to increase the salary of a statisti- 
cian In the department of education of the city of New York. — Hogan t^. Btl 

. of Ed. of City of New York, 121 N. Y. Sup.^ 924. 

North OsroUna: Bequtrlng regular publication of reports of financial taans- 
actlons of all municipal co^rations and administrative boards, tnprniitng «]] 
school boartls. ' ; Oh. 123, Mar. 7, 1911. 

North Dakota: Ncc 4 '(o) and N (o). 

Ohio: Relating to bonds of treasurers e/ fibards of education. 

Provides that, when school moneys have been deposited at banks, the bond 
shall be In such amount as the board of education may require; and that 
an order signed by the treasurer and by the president or vice prestdent and 
countersigned by the desk of the board of education shall be necesttry for 
withdrawal of any money so deposited ; and where such depositprles have been 
designated accorcWng to low. nil school moneys shall be deposl^ therein by 
the auditor upon written order of the board of education, algnea by the preqU 
dent or vice president and countersigned the clerk. 

S. B. No. 81, May 17, 1910. 

Ohio: Relatlug to deposit of school funds upon competitive bidding. 

^ Provides that the banks used as depositories for school moneys shall give a 
good and sufficient bond or shall deposit bonds, of the United States, this 
State of Ohio. o| county, municipal, township; or school bonds Iwued by the 
authority of the State of Ohio, at the option of the board of education, in a 
snm not less than the amount .deposited; and relieving the treasurer of the 
school district from any lli|iilTltV occasioned by failure of the banks or the 
sureties therefor. ^ ' | B. B. No. 124, jday 18, 1910. 

Ohio: Relating to the organisation of boards of education. ^ 


I 

1 

I 


Provides that one member of the board shall be elected vice president, whfi 
shall serve for a term of one year, and that in township school districts the 
plerk of the to^ahlp shall be* clerk of the board. 

i H. B. No. 887, Apr. 28, 1910. 

'Ohio: Relating to the appointment of superintend^ts of city school districts, 
and providing n uniform time for beginning and ending of superinteDdent’s 
contract * 

Elwtlon shall be at n regular meeting* of the board of education betweffii 
May 1 and August 31. Term of office of such superintendents shall end 
August 81. In the event of a vacancy before May 1, the -board of educatton 
may appoint a superintendent for the unexplred portion of the school year. 
: ^ H. B. No. 861, p. 193, May 81, 19H. 


P&lahoma: Prohibiting treasurers from depositing school moneys In any tmnk 
which will not pay 8 per eeot Intereit on sTenge dally balances. 

Oh. 72, Mar. 11, IfilL 






m 


tDVOJOlOpih lasEBLiTIOK AUi> DBOKIOira. 


£ ssr;; 

ea^ the granted powers Into eflfect an may oe necessary to 

4S»,S.X'fe„*?,ri,2S.Vi.fS Sf3l:„;; s..-r' 

PennajlTania; JSTee il (a). 

* (1012) ; Board of school directors held to have abused Its dls. 

. “S « £1”'"“ '" ««■ ’.rras 

*“< concurrent votes of the school com- 

^ttees of the majority of towns In the nnlon. (Was by vote of the majority 

, “ ; Ch. 804, Apr. 18, 191 2. 

Z”u«s‘sz ss!'.' 

of Richland Co,i;. Fowles, Magistrate, et al„ 70 8. E. 315. ^ ® 

South DakoU: Amending section 83 of chapter 136 of the laws of 1907. 

2^*"®°’ ^'»^ct shall ^or any reason fall to elect within 

Ch. 138, Feb. 27, 1911. 

sjr.’.'isj.rsrs'i r “7 1 

subsequent garnishment ’ by creditors of the 
assis^w whether the garnishee knew of such assignment when 
grn^hmen^ w^served or not-Buchansn o. A. B^ S^L?LuWr"5o. « 

Utah: Relating to duties of clerks of boards of education In cities. 

OMta requirement that published reports shaU show to whom moneys were 
^ _ Ch. 86, liar. 18, 1911. 

Me. :wL'a“i£^ss'e.t 

... „..,3 tt. 8u.^"ss”u,;^xs‘* 

district Is created by law and Is an arm of the State «nA th® 
Sta^alone may attack the Validity of its organl*atlon.-6mte “ Ryam m 

y^mout; Amendin, various secttons.of the pdbllc statutes relating to siper- 

wwplleA Five or mors towns havlhir less than sa ie..i 
nuy ulRta to■fQrma n^lonior•uperTI^^^^ ■ “ »*«»» 

- ■ i-:' Kfc'68. NovVai), iBio.- 









^LEMBSTASX AJSTD SEOOHBABY SDTJCilXOV. 57 

Vermont: Relating to the board of school commisBloters of the city of Rut- 
land. . • 

A member of the said, board may move from one ward to . another without 
vacating bis ohice; removal from the dty, however, shall create a vacancy. 

No. 290, Jan. 4, 19U. 

Virginia: An act to amend section 1465 of the Code In relation to the pay of 
the clerks of district school boards. ] 

Provldee that such clerks shall receive not over |3 for each.^ teacher. ' 
.(Raised from $2.) ch. 331, Mar. 17, 1910. ^ I 

. Virginia: An act to amend an act to authorise county or city school boards to | 
sell or exchange public TObool property, etc., extending the same provisions to ' 
district school boards, ’ CL 243, Mar. 16, 1910. 

Virginia: No officer of a city, town, or couhty shall be eligible to the office of 
clerk of the school board of such city, town, or county. I>oe8 not apply to 
towns of less than 1,000 I'nhabitanta Ch. 236, Mar. 13, 1912. 

♦ Washington (1911): Offlcets of a school district held to have authority to 

waive the district’s right to object to the assessment of its property for 
beuetlts from street improvemeuts.^lty of Seattle Scb. Diet No. 1 v. City 
of Seattle, 315 Pac,, 173. . . ^ 

♦ West Virginia (1911) : Members of board of education held not individually 
liable on contract, payable out of levy for future year, though void for want 
of power,— C-oberly v. Gainer et al.. 72 S. K, 790. 

♦ West Virginia (1911) : Where, at a general election, a prealdait of a board 
of education was elected, his failure to qualify created a . vacancy., undi^ Code^ 

190G, ch. 45, sec. 2, which the county superintendent had a right to fill by 
appointment— Smith v. Keppard, 71 8. EL, 116. ' 

Wisconsin: Creating subsecUon 2a of s^on 94m of the statutes, rrtating to 
special electlOBB. 


Provides that a special election of superlnt«ident of schools may be held 
In case of failure to elect at a regular Judicial electlou. 

^ Ch. 338, June 14. 19U. 

Wisconsin: Amending sectlos 615a of the statutes, relating to the authority of 
school directors or boards of education to employ lecttlrers on natural science, 
hlstorlcnl, literary, and other subjecta * 

- Directors of any school dlbtrlct [formerly cities only) may employ such 
lecturers. Ch. 498, June 30, 19U. 

Wisconsin: Providing for an art commission In dtles of the first 

“ Section 1. An art commission la hereby established In cities of tixe first 
class, ‘composed as follows: 

* pi^ldent of the board of park commissioners ex officio. 

“ 2. The president, of the board of trustees of the pubUc museum ex officio. 

“ 8. The president of the board of school directors ex ofllclo, two piofes- 
rional painters and two architects, wbo«sball be resldoits of said city, the 
last four and their succegors In office to be appointed by the three offiri als 
above named, The tern^W office of the four first appointed shall be oneu 
two, three, and four years, respectively. Thereafter the term of office of 
each appointee shall be four years. Bach appointee shall hold office imtU 
his successor is appointed and has qualified. 

Sec. 2. The commission serve without compensation as such and 
shall elect a president, vice president, and secretary from Its own memberiL* 
whose term of office shall be one year, and until thdr sqccessors are elected 
and have qualified. The commission ahall have power to adopt Its own 
rules of procedure. Four commissioners shall constitute a quorum. ^ 

“Seo. 8. A suitable office ahidl be provided for the comffitaslon tn ths* 
public museum bnlldlug of such city, • Tbs expeoses of tbs commission, not 
exceeding $100 armuaUy, ehall be paid by tbe cl^, . , > 

“ Sxo. 4. Hereafter no. work of art shall become the property aaiddity by ■ 
purcbas^.gtfl^ or offierwipe, onlSM such work of or tins desl^ of ^ ; 






68 


^ amVOATIOHAI. LBOIHLAIION AKD ISOmOmk 


<** proposed location of same eball first 
““** approved by said commlBSlon, acting by a ma- 
members, nor shall any work of art not so approved be erected, 
or placed In, over, or upon, or allowed to exist In, over, or upon any str^ 
ni.-”*’ municipal building, o^otliJ puWlc 

No '=“y- " “"y department or offl“r thS 

^ “ possession of said city shaU be removed, relocated 

«n» any way without the slmflar approval of said commlsslo^ a^ 

m? relocated, or altered in any waf 

that may be ordered by a rote passed and approved Ifi writing by all the 
m^^rs of Mid commiMlon, a^ also approved by the mayor of* such cltv. 

•“ tl“a «ct, shall apply to and Include all 
taiiSti'mt’ ™“P decoration^ statues, bas reliefs, sculptures, monuments 
arches, ornamental gateway^ memorial windows, and structures 
of a perma^nt character intend^ for ornament or commemoration 

approach, or other struc- 

tare shall be erected by the city, the design therefor shall be submitted to 
““ for e.xamlnatlon and report, but such report shall be con- 
sidered advisory and not mandatory. imi 

comnilsslon shall fall to report on any matters submitted 

unnic^^^ ”^ ^ decision shall be deemed 

unnecessary. ch. 318, June 8. 1911. 

Wisconsin: Rei>eallng section 4 of chapter 459 of the laws of 1907 and creat- 
ing a new secUon to be designated section 4 of said chapter, providing for 
the nomination of candidates for members of the board of school directors 
In cities of the first cla^ by a nonpartisan primary election. 

ouIhL“i' voleT. by petition of 500 or more 
quaiineu voters. ch. 5. Mar. 2. 1911. 

•Wisconsin (1910) : Under Stat 1898, secs. 604. CQS. and Ijiws 1903 ch 307 
county superintendent of schools hew not entitled to an Increase In his Mlary 

- undpan order of the county board made during the term of his office — 
Sh^>oygan Co. v. GalTron, 128 N. W., 642» office. 

* ’ Spbool district officers wUl only be held personally liable 

sSw? Illegally IssuiU. 

Sch^ board held ludividuaUv responsible for contracts and orders not 
««uted in compliance with ffose sectlona-State Bank of R^vllle e 
Kelnberger et al., 122 N. W., 1132. «««»«» me e. 

* ^ ^bool board having exercised the special powers con- 

^ purchase of another 

unlew it has authority under the statutek. 

Section 4M. Stat. 1898, giving the whool board care and keeping of school- 
Sse^ew p^7£“’ “o fcwer upon them.to 

providing that t^ool boards may purchase hooka, 

Sr Ml .01 1. 

sg sjoi ruS2,iiariirro,^-s''„*;.r 

. No. 2 of town of Jacobs, 128 N. W.. 286. 


A# (e) School Meetings; Elections; Qualifications for Voters. 

- fltcc oiso 0 (b) OIKi (0). 

•*Ar^na (1010) : A subBtantlal oonipUimce with the statute nrescrlblnir tho 
notice of an election held all that la required. f ^ ' 

Olvll Oofc. IWl. iwragraph 2184, held to confer on. school district boards 
Sdf*£^i^^**^*”*** ^ hours daring which a school district bond Section 

n ^i * PJb***!** contwtih* the vaUdlty of an elecUon In a 

^ct h^ tantamount to an aUegatlon thal two yotes were wrt ^ VSSnT 


ELEKEKXABT^A3!n> fiBOOHD^BT BiftjCATIOK. -59 

who were not taxpayers of the district— Hides, Ox TresA, «, Krlcbeum, 106 
Pac.; 482. 

Arkansas; Providing for the manner of holding elections la special nr alngle 
sehool districts and for other purposes. Act 100, p. 141, Apr. 7, iflii 

ddtorado: Amending Bectlons G915, 6018, 6010, and 6020 of the Be vised Stat- 
utes, relating to school elections Ch. 207, May 28, lOlL 

Colorado; Concerning elections, and providing for^tfie appolntzodt of legis* 
trathHi comoifttees and judges of elections, aAd the registration of all quali- 
fied electors In all said elutions, and providing for the punlahment of all 
ryvlolationa of the provisions of this act Ch. 127, May 30, 1911. 

• Colorado (1910) : Persons voting at elecuin to consolidate school districts 
held not qualified, not having resided within the State 'one year.— People v 
Turpin et al„ 112 Pac., 639. 

• Georgia (191Q) : Ballots In an election on the question of local Ckxation for 
school purposes held n sufficient compliance with Acts 1906, page 61, preecrib- 
ing the metliod of marking the ballot 

Conduct of ijersons seeking to «iJoln collection of a school tax held not to 
, amount to laches.— Du Pre et al. Cotton et al., 67 S. B, 876. 

• Georgia (1910): That voters going to an election precinct were prevented 
from voting by a misleading statement by one who afterwaitls was sworn In 
as a manager^of the election that no election would bq hrid on that day would 
not vitiate the election. 

The failure of officials whose duty. It was to levy and collect a tax to «i- 
force it ngninst certain property in the district affords no reason for restrain- 
ing the collect Um of the tax against other taxpayers. 

The law does not require notfees of an election fbr a local school tax to 
be alined hj an official.— Mabry et al. v. Puller et aL, 67 S. Bl, 91, 

• Oeorgfa (1910) ; A petition for a school election held sufficient to show that 
the signers purported to be qualified voters of the proposed school district. 

A petition for n school election held sufficient Bo show that the petitioners 
were proceeding under act of August 2X 1906 (Acts' 1906, p. 6f), to obUIn 
an election to decide upon the maintenance of the school by local taxation 
pursuant to such act^ „ ^ ’ 

Trustees of a seb<»ji!''^dla|^ct, elected under order of the ordinary, not 
authorized by act of Augusr23 1905 (Acts 1906, p. 426), as amended by act 
, of August 21, 1000 (Acts 1006. p^"61), held de facto offlws whose acts could 
not be collaterally attacked on account of ^e manner of their election. 

A petition to the ordinary under act of August 23. 1906 (Acts 1906, p. 426) 
as amended by act of August 21, 1906. (Acts 1906. p. 61), must be signed 
by the petitionary voters themselves and not by an attorney at law repre- 
senting suiA voters, — De loach et al. v. New^ton et al., 68 S. B,. 708. 

Illinois: Amending an act to provide for the election of boards of education to 
any school district having a population of over 36,000, existinc by virtue of a 
special charter. , 

Relates to. manner of conducting elections in such districts. 

S. B. No. 377, p. 600, Mar, 29, 1911. 

• Illinois (1910) : A ballot furnished for voting on a proposition to establish 
a township high, school held so ambiguous and misleading as to Invalidate 
the election, unless , parol evidence were admissible to show'how the voters 
intended to and did in fact vote. 

In proceedings In Gie nature of quo warranto to jiet aslcle an eledtCm on 
the proposition to establish a township high school, in view of the ambiguity 
of the ballots affidavits x)f more than a majority of the voters at the Section 
that they understood “yes ” vote as tor the establishment of the school held 
• admissible evidence. 

In proceeding tq the nature of qno warranto to set aside an electtoo fbr 
the eetsbiishment a township high, school held net an abuse of diicntion 
to deny leave to file the Information.— People ex reL et aL a Sullivan 
et ah, K. SI, 97. . ^ 


60 


BDtrOAnOKAL LEGIflULnOK AND DEOISIONR. 


Relating to annaal nchool 'toeettoga • ^ 
ln^“fu Zric^ '^*•00^ “e^t- 

mga m au Olstrlcta ^ ^ Ch. 283. Feb. 18, 1911. 

Keatncky: AuthorlMS women to vote at school elections and to hold common- 
■ji.acnool offlcea. __ 

Ch. 47, Mar. 12, 1912. 

nnnim^M (1009) : Graded achoole are ** common achools*’ — acbool electionfl— 
7 ‘r^‘e'y of tax-school electlon-mai^o“voO» 

■ substituted for one appointed at school ^tlon 

’Ss''"Fr'r" *^:s; 

'"S2' S.H"™? SSW.' .?= 

er^? aSl'’bun.??i,Th»?/™»®? '^n‘^^^ bonds to 

building held not Invalidated by the Illepallty of the aoDolnt- 

. and election clerk; they being de facto e^tl^offlcers. ^ 

the clrcumstant^s, held that It will be presumed that the official sie- 
® qpmmon-Rf'hoo! district were attached to the notl^ ^ 

W,C“.,'VSe'nr"“21°7' ‘ " 

* proceedings for an election to estabUsh a 

Spired ^tltlln! “ ahowlng^e flUng of the 

orde“r®W ent^'lJ®the “® «>at no 

sHSi IrHiS — - iu 

® graded-school election on the ground of a 

dlclalTy aC^^'La rl^S® “ P^J“' 

thJ ®S!f’ ^® °”’®'’ bao'f tbe county court an order showlne 

Xt lta vLldCT tte **®"‘ ^ 

pemione^ ‘ Paded-school election need not. give the names of the 

Tlw wrtiflcate of the officers of a graded-school election held snfflrlpnf in 

et alT Sha,^®. - 

* ^ ‘® contest an election on the qucsUon of Issuing 

b^dsjor school purposes held barred three months after promulgatU)nTthe 

The court held to have erred in dlsposltlK of a case on it« tnaH»« . i ■ ‘ 

of eicepUona-Folse et ai. t>. Police jSry et al . 61 s“ ‘ 

* P®'*®* Jotytore authority to promnlgate the result of 

■ ‘*®’®**‘* ^perV 

*®“®? *® ®PP?>“‘ ® »lnl member of a boanl of super- 
^ Proel*'™ the rerolt of an election to levy a spe- . 

was not legally coij&ltated.r-Wbite Hall Agr Oo 
: •* “ *’• ot Concorrtla Parish et al, 66 So-, U, •^gr. uo^ 




/ 



BLBMENTABT ^ND STCONBABT BDUQATIOK* 61 

*Lonlslaaft (1911) : ‘Oi» wlio contesta a q>ocial iKhool-tax election on apedflc 
fTounds of Irregularity is limited to the grounds alleged. 

Irregular reception or rejection of votes at a special ^ool-tax election, 
which would not change the result, fumiahes no ground for annulling the^c^ : 
election.— McWilliams et aL v. Bd. of Dir. oflber>*Ule Parish et ah, 64 Sa, 928..-. 

* Lonisiana (1910); Const 1898. art 281, authorising^ municipal corporations tt-* 
to Issue bonds after an election for the purpose, held not to apply to special- vr 
tax elections under article 232. 

Act No. 106 of 1892, providing for the contest of si>eclal elections under 
Const 1879, art 209, held to apply to ^llar elections ’under CJonst 189B, 


I The three months’ prescription provided by Act No. 106 of 1892 held to 
/ure all irregularities and Illegalities in special-tu election proceedings.— 
^aggner et al. v. Police Jilry of Purisli 6f Jefferson ef al., 51 So., 1016. 

* lioal8lMa (1910): To entitle widows to vote at a special-tax election held 
under tjwst, art 232. as owners of community property, their rights must 
dearly appear by Judgment or order of court 

Individual members of a partnership held entitled to vote upon the firm's 
assessment in a special-tax election. 

A person appearing as the owner of property on the assessment rolls, but 
who had sold It wlien an election was held under Const, art 23^ held not 
entitled to vote thereat 

A person contesting the result of an election held under Const., art 232, 
on specific grounds, held limited to those grounds. 

A special-tax election held not to be set aside because the commissioner 
of election received votes without proper evidence where such votes were '' 
legal.— Smith v. Parish Bd. of Sch. Dir., 62 So.. 122. 

*LoaisiaiM (1911): One who contests a special school-tax election on specific 
grounds of irrgftlarity is limited to the grounds alleged. 

Irregular reception or rejection of votes at a special school- tax election, 
which would not change the result, furnishes no ground for annulling the 
election. 

A proposition to levy' special taxes as a basis for bonds for erection of a 
school building may be voted for or against as a wholA — McWilliams et al. o. . 
Bd. of Dir. of Iberville Parish et ah, 64 So., 928. ^ . 

Michigan: Relating to primary elections to nominate candidates for school 
officers. « * 

* 

'Women who are entitled to vote shall 1>e enrolled in the same manner as 
men, but in separate books, and women who are duly enrolled shall have the 
right to vote for candidates for school offices. Separate ballots shall be pro- 
vided for school officers. ^The results of such primary elections shall be cer»' 
tlfied by the proper boards of canvassers to the proper officials within ten 
days after such primary election. 

' The provisions of the general primary law (No. 281, 1999) are made "appli- 
cable, except hs provided in this act No. 169, Apr. 25, 1911. 

Hlchig^: gating to elutions of school trustees in cities of the fourth class. 

The board of education ahall designate polling places not exceeding five 
[instead of one polling place]. Other changes necessitated by such increased 
number. , No. 221, May 1, lOll. 

Minnesota: Providing for mailing notices of annual and special meetings of 
common-school districts in certain cases. Clh. 867, Apr. 20, 1911. 


Minnesota: Relating to powers of annual schoc^ meetii^f. . . 

Chairman and clerk of school board shall act as chairman and derk* of 
meeting. -At least five voters shall be preset to constitute legal meeting. 
Majority vote of all legjil electors of district necessary to change school site. 

^ Oh. 249, Aprils, 1911, 

MUsonxi (1910) : Tim statute held not to require that a aohool-dlstrlgt eiectlan 
A>r the purpdse of delerratnlng the issuance of bOhdi shall be hdd under the 
Australian system , ^ 

/Jk school-distriqt Section for the iaeoance tit bon^ held valid ^ . 
>v^)ie boaod of 4imctor8:of a sebod dihtriet htid^anthbrlBed to*call ah etee» 


• ^ 


62 


BDUOATIOKAL LBGIBLATtON AHD OECIHIOirB. 






WeSr^“s. w!m^ bulldlng.-Hor«,fall et .1. Z U. 

1'.“* 'a"- In relation to the date of annual- meet- 

Ings and the election and duties of trustees. 

da^fn"May"‘rin««d’^o°f Tuea- 

Zr 4 imstead of Aupustl of eaclr‘year« Plurnlltr onlv rinRfM/i nf 

Ir “«^ry to elect school officers. A contrart with a 

teachw made by a sole trustee shall not extend beyond the tern, of t^ tTust.^ 
the wntract, nor beyond the life of the ce^flca f^f any tS? 

tteTeLfr' annual^elunl hi 

tneneitj. Ch. i42. June 8, lOlO. (SepL 1. 1910.) 

New York: YUldg time of meetings In union free-school districts and prescrib- 
ing manner of assessment of taxea ch. 830, July 28, 1911. 

* (1910) : A meeting of the Inhabitants of a school district held 

wltlmut perMnal notlw thereof to any Inhabitant of the district, where no 
^luUon changing the mode of notice has been adopled at My anmuil 
w*iw * l^ulnr, nor will the provisions of section l>()n of the wlucatl* 
r.iwn for want of a due notl^ 

not?^ to a?nrth??nhaWte^^^^^ 

?ion“h » ?" ‘o ff>e head of the de^rtment 

ta toe aggrieved, if he has a clear legal-g-lght, may enforce It - 

A .ote at a mating called without legal notice to any of the Inhabitants 
assuAilng to authorize toe construction of a new scdiLfconse wnferc no 
authority upon toe trustees of toe district to Issue bonli or award con 
tracts therefor, and toey wUl be restrained from so doing at the suit of a 
taxpayer.— AusUn r. Bd. of Trustees of Sch. Dlst. No. 5 of town of Th^inn 
Suffolk C!o.. and Tenedr and Howell as trustees of such district, 613 N. T.,^638! 

*^®fJ** Sir’ll"* Special eleetton for abasing a special school tax 

from Vome qn some of t^ dots 
during which voters could register and though the notlce'of the election did 

SS' ^8 E??76 «'• *’• ConmilssloSerro? UnlM 

Sonth Dakota: Prescribing election procedufe In cities, towna,jstB^dJncent ’ ' 
territory, organized as Independent school districts. ' 

, . Ch. IK, Mar. S, 1911. 

endued to vote for school officers under 
£^^^12^' “ class separate from qualified electors defined 

®eca 728-746, do not require women to resister or fuml^ * 
^ ^ for- school ofllcera— Wagar v. Prendevllle, 

s^ahoma U910) : ' S^lBl. school-district election held not void for want 
toe^t^^ you by r^n' 

““Jorlty of Qualified electors of a 
* echoolhouse at an election for that 
pturpoM.— IfcCartF et al. i>. Cain et ah, llQ Pac„ 663. »«* lum 

• (IWP): An aetnal anrrey of a acbool district and a tlai 

: ^ “ the Qnestloh of the 










ri.iThi;ih7MVrT 




ELEBfEKTABT A3H) 8B00HDABT BDUCATIOK; 63 


The term ** qualified Yotera,*' relatins: to the anbmiSBion of the question 
of the iBSuance of bonds by school districts, defined. 

FindingR of a master, in a suit to enjoin a school-district bond issue, 
that the petition for the election on th^ question was properly signed, held 
not to be diKturl>ed on appedl where the evidence did not compel such action. — 
McLauiin et nl. v. Tatum et al., 67 S. E., 660. 

* Texas (1912) : The fact that an elector had not assessed his property fer 
taxes did not disqualify him as a voter at an election to determine whether 
a tax should be levied fos school purposes. 

The election officer proi>erly refused to permit one to vote at an election 
on the question of levying a school tax who stated that he did hot own 
property in the district subject t# taxation, even though the voter was mis- 
taken ns to Ws ownership of property. — Clark v. Wlllrlch et ah, 146 S. W., 947. 

Washington: Amending s^s. 1, 6, 7, and 11 of Art IV, ch. 13, Title III of 
ch. 97. Acts of 1911, relating to the registration of voters In districts of the 
first class, Ch. 106, Mar. 17, 1911. 

West Virginia: Providing for a vote on the school levy in Coopbr district, 
Mason. County, and in other districts which fulled to* vote the school levy in 
November, 1910. Ch. 30, Feb. 22, MH. 


A. (f) Administrative Units; Districts, Townships, Municipalities, 
etc.; Formation; Division; Consolidation. 

y See alsot H (e). 

.Arkansas; Providing for the consoHdatlonb^f adjacent school districts and 
prescribing their powers and duties. Act 116, p. 81, Mar. 24, 1911. 

*. Arkansas (1010) : The legislature may create school dlMHcts for any reason 
Ratisfuctory to itself, even without the consent of the i)ersons who reside In 
the territory affected.# 

The legislature nmy change the boundaries of school districts for any 
rOnsoii satisfactory to itself, even without the consent of the persons who re- 
side In the territory affected. 

The legislature may abolish school districts for any reason satisfactory to 
Itself without the coifkent of the persons who reside in the territory affeHed. 

Kirby’s Dig., secs, 7039, 7640. which provides for the transfer of pupils, etc., 
from one school district to another, is for the benefit of the children so 
transferred, and persons without children can not have their property trans- 
ferred. . - 

A petition for the trangfer of children under the provlalona of ^Irby’s Dig., 
sec. 7639, 7640, held defective.— Norton et al. v. I^nkcside Sp. Sch. Dist, 188 
S. W., 184. 

t 

* Arkansas (1910) : A school district is a quasi public corporation" which 
has only tho»> powers expressly- conferred upon it by statute or^rfich arise 
by necessary implkaation from those conferr^. 

Powers in; the ^^tors of a school district will be Implied when the exer- 
cise thereof Is necessary to enable them to perform the duties.imposed upon 
them. • » 

Under Kirby’s Dig., secs. 7690, 7614, 7627, 7681, directors of a school district 
held authorized .to contract for purchase of school deska • 

Directors of a schc?^ district can only contract In the manner prescribed 
by statute, and where th y contract contrary to statute or In excess of their 
statutory authority the district is not bound. 

The board of directors of a school district and' its snccessors l^ald to have 
ratified a contract for the purchase of school deaka ' 

No ipart of the price ef school de^, as stated in the warrant, held Inter^ 
so as the warrant invalid. ^ 

Absence of ^statute authorizing It, school warrants do not bear Interest 
' •jClrby's Dig,, seca 7628, 7666, held not to anthorise the county treasurer to 
pay Intexeet on school , warranta 


64 


bduoahohal l^gbslahok and deoibions. 


a foreign TOrporatloji had not compUed with the law of this State 
ii maintaining an action herein bn a school warrant 
^^ist *3^ S**^W diatrlct— A. H. Andrews Co. v. Delight Spec. 

CaUfonUa; Amending secUon 1676 of the Political Code, relating to the annexa. 
tlon of additional territory to school districts In Incorporated cities and towns, 
Riempts cities and towns'of the rizth clasa Ch. 687. May 1, 1911. 

CaUfornIa: Amending section 172® of the Political Code, ptovidiiig the manner 
of consolidation of union high-school districts with high-school dlstrlct^of an 
Incorporated city or town. ch. 095, May 1, 1911. 

• School districts of Callfomia are public quasi municipal 
coppoiatlons ai^ subject to constitutional limitatlonB, the iwwer of legislature 
over them is plenary and It may divide, change, or abolish them at pleasure — 
m Hollywood City Sch. Diet of Los Angeles 


Callfomia (1910) : Creation of a new school district from territory of consoli- 
dated cities win not necessarily destroy an existing district Including one of 
them, and much less wlU U^e mere election of a board of education for the 


Rvll possibly arising from withdrawing part of a school district where part 
K ^ 1 detached when a new city Is created by consolidation is obvfateil 

by Pol. Code, sec. 1576, Municipal corporation act (St 18S3. ch. 49), seA 705.— 
Allen V, Bd. of Trustees of City of Bakersfield et at, 109 Pnc., 480. A 

* California (1910): Under Pot Co<\e, sec. 1676, outside territory belonJiiig to 
•a school district becomes, on inclusion within the boundaries of a city part 
of the latteris school district . . ’ 

Under Pot Code, sec. 167() (prior to Its repeal in 1900) and other reUite^I 
lotions, when the school district loses part of Its territory by the Inclusion 
thereof within the corporate limits of a city, the hIgh-school district also loses 
the same part of Its territory. • ^ 

Territory of a school district which, by Inclusion within city limits be- 
comes part of a new hlgh-school district, is taxable In the latter district 
only. — Frankish v, Goodrich et al, 108 Pac., 685. 


• Oonnecticat (1911): Under Gem StaL 1902. sec. 2177, providing for the 
apportionment of school funds, has no application to a school district gov- 
erned by a district committee. 

Under Gen. StaL 1902, seca 2175, 2177, school districts may be* formed 
altered, or dissolved by the towns within the limits of wlilrii they exist aiid 
are Subject to regulation by such towns. — Hassett v, Carroll, 81 At,' lOl.^! 


Georgia: Consolidating all districts in Spalding County and mnkfng county 
the unit of school control. No. 11, July 28. 1911. 

• Georgia (1910) : Act of August 14. 1909 (Uws 1909, p. 534). providing for 
the annexation of territory to Atlanta held not unconstitutional as taxing 
the inhabitants of the added territory for schools of Atlanta.— White et al v 

• City of Atlanta et al., S. B., 103. . * ‘ 


• Georgia (1910) : Under act of August 28. 1906 (Acts 1906. p. 425), as amended 
by act of August 21t 1906 (Acts 1906. p. 61), held tbst wjiere the county 
board of education does hot lay off tbe ontlre county Into school districts, the 
authorities can not order an election in a school district attempted to be 
created In the county on the question of levying a local school tax. 

Wherd a school district attempted to be created under Acts 1905, p, 425. 
a« amended by Acts 1906, p. 61. i# Illegal, held that an attempted Bi>eclal 
school-tax electloD therehi should be enjoined. — Lansdell et al. v. King, tax 
ooUector et aL, 68 S. 102. 

idahoi'SesA (a). ,0 ' 

niinols: Belatixig^ territo^ tokra from a district under sperial charter. 

The townsMp trusts shall organise such territory as a school dlstrtcL 
or annex It ti) an existing dtktrict if there be not sufficient inhabitants or 
pnpUs to ipalntaln a achoci^ H, B. 6^ p. 511^ June 6, 1911. 

iC ’ ■ ■ • 



BLEMBNTABY AND 8SC0NDABY BDUOAXION. 65 


nUnoU; To reduce the corporate Ilmita of tbe Klckapoo union tree school dia- 
trict 

The territory taken from said district Is placed under the general laws of 
the' State. It is provided that this district shall never be rwlnced in area 
except by act of the legislature. H. B. 143, p. 510, June 5, 1911. 


Illinois: Relating to the transfer and traDsi>ortatlon of pupila 


Whenever the number of children between 6 and 10 years of age In any 
district Is less than six the- directors may arrange for the transfer of puplia, 
and If necessary may provide free transiX)rtHtIon to a neighboring school. 

♦ H. B. 326, p, 516. June 2, 1911. 


• Illinois (1910) : Where a written notice of appeul from n board of towhsliip 
trustees to an appellate hoard of county superintendents Is duly filed under 
sec. 65 of tt^^hool law (Hurd’s Rev. Stat.. 1909. ch. 122), the derk’s failure 
to place the fife mark thereon does not defeat the right of appeal. 

Where a board of'township trustees has jurisdiction of a i>etition for tbe 
organization of a school district, by virtue of compliance with the require- 
ments of the school law (Hurd’s Rev. Stilt., 1909,. ch. 122). sec. 46, (fl. 4, and 
secs. 52-54, It Is not necessary that the record should show such conipllauce. 

Under the school law (Hj^’s Rev, Stut^ 1909, ch 122), which by b(h.\ 4(1. 
cl. 4. and secs. 52-54 dednes the requirements necessary to give a board of 
township trustees jurisdiction of a petition for the organization of a scIuh)! 
district, and which by sec. 56 makes It the duty of county superintendents 
to luvestlgate the case on appeal, the jnristllctlon of the trustet^s dei>end8 on 
the st^itute and Is reviewable, with the trustees' whole action, by the county 
superintendents. 

language of petition for the orgimlzntlon of n school district construeil. 
with reference to the requirement of sec. 46. cl. 4, of the school law (Hurd’s 
Rev. Stat., 1909, ch. 122) and held to be a compliance with its require- 
ments.— Logue et al. V. Batterton et al.. 93 N. E.. 354. 


Indiana: Ameuding an act permitting incorporated towns not exceeding 1.500 
inhabitants to discontinue school boards and providing for transfer of school 
property to township trustees. 


Prescribes a method by which such towns may again take control of its 
school affairs. ^ ‘ Ch. 176, Mar. 4, 1911. 

Iowa: Permitting the consolidation of districts In different counties. 

Ch. 142, Mar. 17, 1911. 

* Iowa (1010): A consolidated school district organized under (9ode Supp., 
sec. 2794-a, held entitl^ to maintain Its territory., and a consolidated district 
subsequently organize may not take territory therefrom. (Affirmed by 
equally divided court) — State v. Bd. of Dir. of Ind. Dlst of Webb et aU 127 
N. W., 082. 

Kansas: Providing for the voluntary disorganisation and consolidation of 
school ^districts to provide transportatfon of pupils. 


IT approved at election In ^ch district, two or more districts may be dls- 
prganizM and consuiidated, or any district may be annexed to another district 
containing a graded school. The district board of consolidated districts shall 
provide for the comfortable transportation of pupils of said district 'ilving 2 
, miles or more from school. Ch. 275, Mar. 13, 1911. 

Kansas; Directing county superintendents to reestablish boundary lines of 
school districts of which the records have been lost or desSrbyed. 

Ch. 274y^ar. 13, 1911. 

Kansas: Relating to the attachment of. adjacent territory tOj^Ues of tbe first 
class for school pnrposes. J 

Removes the former limit of population (80,000] of ernes to which said law 
was applicable. ' Ch: 03, Feb. 21, 1011, 

106B4*--13 5 




66 


BDtrOAnOKAJL LKGISIATIOK ASD DEOI8IOK8. 


* «PP0'“‘«1 «n1er Rer. Stat. 

P* ^03) .to decide as to the chnnee of thp 

boundaries of school districts did not show they were^slnterested men «nrt 
‘“^payers It trill not be held Invalid t^“Zr “r1 

the award contained the school commissioner’s record 
of appointment of the hoard of arbitration whlch^showed such facts StntP ' 

“au m a w!-x'?“- P'atteCo.7^ton*‘&;Tch. tW," 

* ^nclJdS’'»i^'!^ ® municipal corporntloo also 

Independent school district, the ind«4)tedne88 of such rttnfVin# 

^ ®* ?*>® ®“y deterSnK Xtlir the c»^ 

reached Its constitutional limit.— Kx |«rte City of Newiwrt, i;}2 S ^ 

* ^h(i)Tdf8triT!,hnii^° “"® *>®n“‘l"‘-y «f a graded common- 

^ Shall be measured from the outer boundary of the site of 
^hool^llding, providing site does not exceed 1 acre. — Clear Sprine Distniliic 
of TruBt of BardstowmGr. Com. Sch. Dist et V 

lnS'^®«?"'n to™" v®''^ ®^‘®"^®^ ®® “» to 

^ Where^a father transferred two parcels of land to his son who resided 
fh * tf °\ ‘llatrlct included both In Its bonndnrics by'statlnc 

^The 8trten.pn7 oi“?h •’®, «ton<lcd to Include the “ son s form.” 

statement of the appellntc court that a certain Person’s farm was 
' school district Is not bnldlng upon siic^person where he 

was not a party to the action.— Thornton et al.^r. Head etnl., 130 S. W.. 1075. 

* ^nvei^on^of^fl^™«“n^^^ P"‘'‘ ‘t"® ®totutes authorizing 

tTcrtTlonsmutloC ®®““®n-school district Into « graded-school dls- 

" (rraded-schoordlstrict need not be given by courses 
* 'The^Btnfmo are sufficient If run from one designated point to^nnother 
^ The stntute regul.<iting the establishment of graded-school districts does 
not require the Inclusion or exclusion of the whole of a commomschool district 
s e«abll8hme«t of a praded-STdls^rla rco^.rt 

of ^ulty has no jurisdiction to review questions relating to the regulaxltv 
of the electlon.-KIllott et al. r. Gamer et al., 130 8. W., TO7 '^®P''^Slak 

**’® "®‘ March 31. 1888 (Prlv. Acts 1885-88 ch 
. a railroad the boundary line between two school districts ' the 

bpundary line Is not the right of way. but the center line o“Te railroad 

rnl/rr^H ^ ^ 1885-88, ch. 492), the line of a 

railroad hdd to be the boundary between two school districts ulthough the 

^ 'Imitations has -run.— Trustees of Eddyvllle graded 
13?S°W*^1^* *’• education of Kuttawa common-school dlst., ffo, 29, 

*** ""**‘'"* ‘P *^® o--Ka"l«>U«to of 
township school districts. , ^ 

oyKaulMtlon as a township is proposed con- 
v.®ki 7 more graded-school districts having a population of 000 or leas 
tto g^ed-school district sVn'^ve a right to vot^^^^^ 

^ Pi^PP®ed consolidation. Ah election to determine Leh 

called a petition of one-fourth [Inatead of one-third] 
schtml electors Kf the townshlp.« An cities organized as schwl 
^stricts a^graded-school-dlstrl^ having a population of over 900 shall 

mnf act The*^lpta frSL toe l^lii tai 

^ used for graer^l purposes. Payment for repairs shall be mnfiA 
of the .building fund. Other changes of minor 
^aracter. 143, Apr. 26. IPH, 

. ««' jaw. I«8»rf< Mt« 











SLEMBNTABY AND SBOOKDABY EDUCATION. 


67 


Bonds IssnM for the purposes of the. Detroit Ubrair commlfwlon held* of 
the same character as bonds for school purrwses Kuhn, Atty. Gen., ci rel. 
McRae v. Thompson et al.; Detroit T^lbrary Oomm. et al. v. Heiiieman Citv 
Coat, 134 N. W., 722. ’ ^ 

Bftlnnesota: Relating to the fonaatloh of cousolIdated-Bchool districta. and 
providing State aid for schools in such districts. 

more school districts of any kind may be cousolida^ed. 
either by the formation of a new district or by annexation of one or ihore 
districts to an existing district In which is malnUIned n State graded, semi- 
graded, or high school, as hereinafter provided. 

*'A ^strict eo formed by consolidation or annexation Rha,ll be known as a 
conwildated-school district Before hny steps are taken to organize a con- 
solidated-school district, the superintendent of the county In which the major 
portion of territory is sUunfetl, from which It is proiKis^xi to form u consoli- 
dated-s^ool district, shall cause a pint to be made showing the size and 
boundaries of the new district, the location of school houses in Hie several 
districts, the location of other adjoining school districts and of schoolhouses 
therein, together with such other Information as may be of essential value 
and submit the same to the superintendeut of public Instruction, w'ho shall 
approve, modify, or reject the plan so proposed, and certi^ his' conclusloim 
• to the county superintendent of schools. To receive State aid as a consoli- 
date school of Class A or Class B. as defined in this act, the consolidated 
district must contain not Jess than 18 sections, and to receive State aid ns a 
consolidated school of Class C, not less than 12 sections; but any existing 
school district, or at least such area, shall have the rights and privileges of 
a, oonsolldated-schoot (llstrict. A consolidated-school district of less than 12 
sections may be formed as herein provided, but shall not be entitled to receive' 
special State aid as herein provld^ for, 

“S*^. 2 After approval by the superintendent of public Instruction of the 
plan for the formation of a consolidated-school district, and upon presenta- 
tion to the countj^ superintendent of a petition signed and acknow iedged by 
at least 25 per cent of the resident freeholders of each district affected' 
qualified to Vote at school meetings, asking for the formation of a cousoil- 
dated-school district In accordance with the plans approved fiy the superin- 
tendent of public Instructioi). the county su[>erjntendoiit shall within 2 
days cause 10 days’ posted notice to be given In each district affected, and 
one week’s published notice, If there be n newspaper published In such dis- 
trict, of an elation o»gipeclal meeting to be held within the proposed district, 
at a time and place specified In such notice, (o vote uiwn the auestloo of 
consolidation. ' , ' 

" Sec. 3. At such meeting the electors, not less than 25 being present shall 
elect from their number n chairman and clerk, who shuU be the oflicers of 
the meeting. The chairman shall appoint tw^o tellers, and thcTroeeiihg and 
election shall be conducted as are annual meetings In common and Inde- 
pendent districts. The vote at such election or meeting shall bo hy ballot. 
Which shall rend ‘ For consolidation ’ or lAgalnst consolidation.’ The officers 
- at such meeting or electlpn shall, within 10 days thereafter, cerUfy the result 
of the vote to the superinteudeut of the county in which such district mainly 
lies. If n majority of the votes cost be for consolidation, the county superin- 
tendent within 10 days thereafter shall make pro|H*r orders* to give effect to 
such vote, and shall thereafter transmit a copy thereof to the qudltor of each 
county in which any part of any dtatrict affecteil lies, and to the clerk of each 
district uffocted^ and also td.the snperlntepdent of public Instruction. If the 
order be for the formation of n new district. It shall si)eclfy the number of 
. such district The^ county superintendent shall also cause 10 days’ posted 
notice, and ohe week’s published notice, If there be a newspaper published In. 
such district, to be given of n.uieeting to elect officoEB..of the newly formed^ 
consolldat^-school district: Provided, That a consolidated district shall 
upon Its formatlon4)ecome an -Indepeodent district with the powers, privi- 
leges, and duties now conferred oy law upon independent districts. After the 
formation of any consolldated-sqhpol district apical may be taken as now 
provided by lavf In connection with the formation of other school district^ 

^ Nothing 111 this apt shall- be construed^ transfer the liability ef ezlfithuc 
Iwnded Indebtedness frOm the district W territory against which W^was 
«l|lnally thcurred, ^ \ ^ i. wu 




' - V : 





; . .V j ' i>u. ■■■ 

68 lEDUCATlOKAL LSQISLATI0I7 Ain> DBOISIOKB. 


.s 

“ Sec. 4. In like manner* one or more achoo^ districts may be connoltdated 
with an existing district in which is maintained a State high, semigraded* or 
graded schooi* in which case the board of the district maintaining a State 
high, semigxuded* or graded school shall continue to be the board goremlng 
the consolidated-school district until the next annual school meeting* when 
successors to the members whose terms then expire shali be elected by the 
legally qualified voters of the consolidated school district In like manner 
one or more school districts may be consolidated with^ ejUsting district In 
which is mainta)[ned a State high, graded* or semigraded school. In w'hlt*h 
case the school board of the district ninintnining a state high, graded* or somi- 
gradedvschool shall continue to be the board governing the consoUdated-school 
district until the next annual school meeting, when successors' to the luein- 
bers whose terms then expire shall be elected by the legally qualified voters 
of the consolidated school district; Provided, iiowcver. That in the case of 
consolidation with a school district in which there Is maintaiued a State high 
or State graded school* consolidation ahull be effected by vote of the rural- 
school districts only, in the manner provided under this act aad by the ap- 
proval of such C(hik)lidation of the rural district or districts with the one 
In which there Is maintained a State high or graded school by the school 
board thereof. 


" Sec. 5. The officers of the several districts forming a consolidated-school 
district shall within 10 days from receipt of copy of the order of the county 
superintendent certifying the formation of the district, or inmiediatel'y 
after the election and qualification of members of the sclioOl board in the‘ 
consolidated-school district, turn oveam ^the proper officers of the newly 
school board, or to the properMcers ofvUie school board In the dis- 
trict maintaining the State high or gra^ school, nil records, funds, credits, 
and effects of their several districts. 


“Sec. G. For* tile of pnuuoting a better comlitlon in rural schools, 

and to encourage industrial training, including the elements of agricultural, 
manual training, and home economics, the board In a consolidated-school dis- 
trict Is authorised to establish schools of two or more departments, i)rovide 
for the trausportatioD jof pupils, or exi>ead a reasonable amount for room and 
board of pupils whose atteudanee at school cnu more economically and con- 
veniently be ph>vided for by such means; locate and acquire sites of not less 
than 2 acres, and erect necessary and suitable buildings thereon when money 
ther^or has been voted by the district. They shall submit to the sui>erin* 
tendent of public Instructlqn a plat of the schopl ground indicating the site 
of the propoaed buildings, plans and speciflcntlons^for the school building and 
Ita equipment, and the equipment of the premises ^ 

“It ahull be the duty of the sui»erlntpndent of public instruction, with respect 
to schools In consolidated rtlstiicts, to approve* plaus of sites, of buildings 
and their equipment, and the equipment of the premises; to p/fepare sugges- 
tive courses of study, Including «n industriar course; to preacril^ the quali- 
fications of the principal and teachera and through such sui)erv]sors as be 
may appoint, and in conbection with the county BqMrintendeDt, exercise 
general supervision over said consolidated schools.* ^ 

“ Sec.- 7. {\] For the purpose of receiving State nldTschools In consolldiiikl 
dl^tricta shall bq clnsslfled as A* B, and O. They shall be in session at least 
eight months In the year and be well organised. They shall have suitable 
achoolhouses With the necessary rooms and equipment Those belonging to 
Class A shall have at l^Mt four departments ; those of Class B three depart* 
maita; and those of t^Jass C two deparnneots. JThe board In a consolidated- 
school district maintaining a school of elther^jfiass shali arrange for the 
MteiAance of all pupils living more than 2 miles fipm the school,, through 
suitable provialon for transthrtatlon, or for thS' board and room of such as 
may be ipore economically and conve&lentiy provided for by such meane 
* **(2) The principal ^ ,a school coming under Class A shall hold at least 
ia dlplbma from the advanced coursp of a State normal school, and be qualified 
fb ^ch the elements of ogftouHutie as dete^ined by such tests as'sie 
required by the superintendent of public Instruction. A school of thir cIssb 
^kSll have suitable rooms and equipment for Industrial and other woric, a 
Ubra^f dnd apparifttfs and ^uipment Or rificient work, apd a 

ocmiae. of atrniy^m^ be prescribed by the sntn^ 

tnt0nidlut>.of*^pabUc' lustra 

'-o(dX:The principal 'of a t^hoOl'OOmThg ^t^^ Ctoad B.nr- 0 shall bold, at 
lIMt a Btala firsb|Ekde cartUtekCe, and In other respects theM^echooIa4khalF 

A. so as this mai 


BLEUENTABT AHD BSCOinJABT FDUCAnoK. (J9 

$ 

be practicable. In accordance with requir«neDta fixed by the Buperintendent 
of public Instruction. Teachers other than the prindriu. Including special 
teachers, shall possess such quallficationa as are required of teachers In State 
graded schwls. 

*‘(4) Besides maintaining schools In consolidated districts conforming to 
the requirements of.thoae coming under Classes A, B. and C the school board 
may hialntalu other schools of not more than two rooms, and receive State 
Hid for these as provided for semlgmded and rural schoola 

•Sec. 8. — Schools under Class A lu consolidated districts shall 
jeceive annually State aid of $1.5U0; those under Class B $1,000; those under 
•^ass C $750; and In addition to such annual aid a school of any of the above 
Classes shall receive an dmount to aid In the construction of a building equal 
to 25 per cent of the cost of sjiUl building, but no district shall receive more 
than a total of $1,500 for aid In the construction of buildings. The annual 
aid and the aid for building shall be paid In the satue manner as now provided 
by law for the payment of other State aid to public schools Whenever any 
school In a consolidated district attains the rank of State high or graded 
school. It shall possess the rights and privileges of such schools." 

• Ch. 207. Apr. la 1011. 


Minnesota: Prescribing the manner of changing the boundary lines of com- 
. mon-school districts which Include an Incoipoynted boroqgh. village, or city of 
not more than 7.000 [Instead of 2.000] inhabitants;. Ch. 204. Apr. 18, 1911. 
Minne 9 ota: Providing for a division of moneys, funds, and credits of un- 
organized school terrltoi^ affected by the creation and organization of new 
counties. - . ch 279. Apr. 10. 1011. 


Minnesota: Providing for instruction of pupils In an adjoining district 

The school board of any district may provide for the Instruction of Its 
pupils In an adjoining district and in snch nyse may [Instead of Phalli dis- 
continue the schools of Its own district and provide transportation for its 
pnpila Snch distrlct.s ^nll retain their organisation* and be entitled to 
public moneys. Including the six’clnl State aid of $150 to common schools of 
Class A. IMibllo money for nonresldeut puplla'ln the hlgh-aohool department 
however, shall go to the district In which the high school Is located. 

Ch. 167, Apr. 15, 1911. 

* Minnesota (1910): Special T.AW8 1878. ch. 157. establishing Minneapolis a 
school district, and declaring the board of education a corporation, is a part 
of the charter of the city of Minneapolis. — Jackson v. Board of education of 
the city of MlnneniK)Il8. 127 N. W., 5(i0. 

' \ 

Mississippi: MuniciiiaUtlos may release territory outside of corporate limits 
on petition q{ a nmjoiity of the resident freeholders in the teciitory oopcemed. 

Ch. 129. Mar. 16. 1912. 


• Missouri (1911) : A decision by a board of arbitrators appointed hnder Rev. 
Stnt. 1809. seo. 9742, to decide upon changes in school districts, held not opoi 
to collateral attack. 

A petition for an election to change a school district as i>rovided for In 
Rev. Stat., 1899, sec. 9742, held sufficient to give regularity to later proceedings. 

The original petition required by Rev. Brid., 1899, section 9742, which relates 
to the alteration of school districts held Immaterial in n collateral attack upon 
a determination by arbitrators appointed under the statute. 

Kquity/^ll.,nott in a collateral proceeding, interfere with a jp^gment of 
arbitrators appointed under Rev. Stat, 1800. sec. 0742, provld^ for the 
alteration of school districts. ; ■ 

The determination of^a board of* arbitmtora appointed under Rev. Shit, 
1809, sec. 0742. can not be collnterally impe^che^ by injunction; when there 
is an ndedhate remedr^ at law.r-Sch. Diet No. 63 of Pike Co. o. Chappel, Qd. 
Clk., et at, 186 *a W, 76. ^ 

• • , i 

Montaiui: Rrwribing inanner of organization of new dlztifipte and fixing cod* 
. ditlons upon which they must be organlzidi Mar. 2^ 1011. 


* Nebruka <1010) t^Owner of taxable propertyrbtit not li 
dis^ct^'cim not ^test matter* ot:otmsbUdatlon;of -tint 
iiog ohe, ^der Comp, Statr Ch. '.U 






voter^ in a stii6ol\. 
let with adjoin^' ; 




70 


B>TTOAnoKAL. UKSBLA3I0K AHs racnaioire. 


Ifer«d«: 8 m A. (o). , ’ _ 

* 1®®®- <*• 23. Indicates the abitn- 

° ^ “town” was not Intended to Include ' 

STiks^? “ towns,” as used In section 1 of chap- 

-ter 164 d^ not Include speclal-echool districts and they are not raOUed to 

&^o?!uK‘’?i At. 5s:"'*"’ *“ -• 

* OaroUn* (1909) : Persons opposed to a special-tax school district as 

*“‘^“8 to appear and object wh«i petition 

presented to ooonty board of education. 

provisions as to convenience and compactness of school districts 
district the qoesOon Is for the county board of ednca- 
'8 R^in ** *" revlewable.— Howell et al. v. HoweU et.”, M 

/ • 

North DakoU: See A (a). 

* ^teelai-school district under Rev. Ckile 
1906, ^ 949, annexed adjacent territory In an action by the territoi^ ' 
annexed some two years thereafter, the question whether tee application for 

1*8“' voters 

territory can not be determined. 

held Mtopped by acqniescence from questioning the validity of the 
the board of education of school districts In annexing ^acent 
terrlto^ under R«l Ckdes,, 1905,. sec. 949.^reenfleld sch. dist et alV 
Hannafotd sp. sch. df^ et al., 127 N. W., 499. * 

Ohio: Anthorixlng a special election to determine the organiaaUon or dlssolu- 
- Uon of a vlllage-school district In any village' with a Ux valuation of leas 
than $100,000. g. B. No. 241, p. S7, Mar. 6, 1911. 

* amended eadh Incorporated village then 
created In the territory attached for school Dumoses con- 

^*®^*^*' a vote of its electors for its crea- 

tloB.— Buckman Oo. Aud. v. State ex rei. Bd. of Ed., 90 N. 168. • 

Oklahoma: See D (6). ^ ^ 

Oregon: Bclating to the division of or changing of boundaries of nrimarv- 
school dlstrlcta ^ 

.^thorl^ the township board of any township to take such acUon re- 
^ district Involved was created under a general or a 

® school district lies In more than oite towukUip such 
action shall be taken at Joint meeting of the proper township boarda 

No. 61, Apr. 7. 1911, 

*Oi^on (IWO) : The district' boundary board held not empowered to so 

dUtrl^® ® th^Ybolitfon 

posting of notices of a proposed change in school dis- 
trict boundaries htid sufficleat. — State v, Thomas, 108 Pah., 135. 

Fennsylraiila: See A (a). 

SoQth OaroUna: An act to provid^ mode for the dissolution of school dis- 
tricts formM of parts of two of more counties. 

Dlasolotion Is accomplished in the same manner os formation. 

Act 368; Feb. 26) 1910. 

* 8^ OaroltM ^10) : A dlrtrlct hlgh-achwl tnwtoe, wbo wm appointed In 

dutlM of hlB office, waa a de facto truatee, even If not 

the nnlta of the hlgh-ochool ' 

outrict by ae^atng tta right to- vote itaelf out of the higb-achoel dlatrlcL 
2ho«r^iS^ which It togethw with the 

the hlgh-athool dlatrtct nor apy of the 

imropMiU ^tminim-aehool distri^^ do so by exerclMog Its right to yoteolt the * 

1 .y* ,V. ^ la,* f ^ •ij’ - ( /C ^ 



blbhkittabt lon> s^hbast si^ncATioir. ♦" 71 

< The levy of a epeclal tax In a hlgfa-echool district for the purpom of paying 
off bonds issued to raise funds for high-school purposes therein, Is not a 
* condition preced«it to the issue of bondk 
; The foot that one of the common-school dlstricta out of which a high-school 
district was created had already inade a levy of 4 mills for school pnrpoe^ | 
would not prerent the high-school district from making a levy of 1 mill. * '' I 

The Issue of bonds by a school district coostitated a contract betwem It i 
and the purchaser which can not be impaired. 

Failure to comply with act requiring the tenure o^ office of five of the . 
district hlgh-Bchool tni8te?3 to be determined by lot In appointing only one 
of such trustees would not prevent the other trustees from discharging their 
official dutiea — Welch v. Getzen et al., trustees of l^-school dlst No. 1 
of Alkep, «7^8. E., 294, 


South Dakota; Providing for the naming of common-school districts. 

Eiacb district may choose a name and have It recorded In office of county 
superintendent, provided that no other district In the county has the same, 
name. A district may contract in and sue and be sued by the name so chosen 
and recorded- Ch. 142, Feb. 27, 1911. 

• South Dakota (1909) : In absence of constitutional limitations legislature 
has plenary powento create, alter, or extend boundaries of school districts. 

Duty of board of supervisors and county school superintendent to consoli- 
date school districts on presentation of a petition signed by majority of votqys 
of any civil township having districts smaller than civil townships, under law • 
• • • mandatory. — Stephens et al. v. Jones et ul., 123 N. W., 706. 

Texas; Amending the law with reference to the creation of connty-llne school 
districts. ’ \ 


Qpmmon-school districts containing territory In two or more counties may 
be created by' concurrent action of the commissioners' courts of the counti^ 
concerned. Minimum area of such districts. 16 square miles. Independent- 
school districts containing territory In two or more counties may be created 
In the same manner that tbwns and villagesare created. Such counW-Une 
districts may be changed or aboliahed by slon^r action. 

• 4 Ch. 100, Mar. 23, 1911. 

• Texas -*(1900) ; Change %f a l^Ally established school district by county com- 
missioners' court without coftsent of majority of legal voters was vold.-^ 
Crew et aL v. Fails et al., 122 S. W., 933. 

• Texas (1^12).: A school district havldlr no legal existence, can not be cceated 
by a simple recognition of its ^stence by the cojumlssioners’ court; and the 
court giving such recognition is not tfibreby estopped from subsequently as- 
serting the nonexistence of such district— Tomlinson et al. e.' Hunnicutt 
Co. Judge, et al., 147 S. W., 612. 


Texas (1910) : Failure of a. board of school trusteed to file a resolntlou con- 
taining a description o^ added territory for record with the county clerk may 
be cured by a nunc pro tunc ordeiv 

Where a petition to annex territory to a school district described the terri- 
tory to be annexed by metes and bounds; the procee^gs were not void be- 
cause the r^lutioo granting the petition did not i^ve the boundaries of the 
annexed territory. 

The determination of a school board that a petition to abd territory to 
district was signed by a majority of the persons qualified to vote for members 
, of the legislature, within the territory sought to be added, held not subj^to 
collateral attack. - 

A i>eUtion to add property to a school district' purported to have been sworn 
to the .day after the board acted thereon; and that a copy of the rcsdlntioh 
\ granting the ^>etitlon was not filed in the <Simty derk’s <^fice, koM not to r.' 

" reudct the proceeding void. . \ i-. r / 

. Certain proceedings to add territory to a schoiH district, though irregular^' 
held a de fa^o annexation which could only be goestioxitM by the Stete In a ^7 ^ 

^ direct proceeding. 

„ Where a tax at a speclfl^ rate hhd beeii validly voted In k diririct* 

•ttdi: rate bmme applicable to new tert^ry added to the ^atrict, in the ah-.- -- 

^ SaylM'i, An. dvir stnL 

v._ MOb ^ 





72 


SDUOATIONAL IJSQISIJITIOK AND ' DEOIBIOK8* 


annexed to a school district held hot exempted from school biiet 
thereto by reason of defects, curable nunc pro tunc, remaining uncor 
rected.-Crabb et al. v. Celeste Ind. Sch. Dlst. 132 S 890 * 

Utah: Belating to the creation and modlflcatlon of school districts. 

Elxcepts districts of the first class from provision authoriziDs countv com 
miesloner to change boundaries. ^ Ch 13, Mar 1 19U 

West Virgtma: Consolidatlhg in one ^ct all former acts relating to the. inde- 
pendent-school district of the city of Charleston. 

Ch. 74 (a B.No. 60) Feb. 16, 1911. 

West Virginia: Consolidating In one act the several acts Creating the inde- 
pendent-school district of the city of Parkersburg, 

_ (S. B. No. 67). Feb. 18. 1911. 

Wisconsin: Repealing sections 616 to 653, inclusive, and creaUng ^Uon 610 
of the Statutes, relating to the abolishment of the township system of school 
government and the establishment of independent districts. 

Ch. 388, June 16, 1911. 

•Wisconsin (10111: SubstanUal compliance with statutory provisions govern- 
ing a change In the boundaries of a school district hetd sufficient,— State ex 
rel. Taylor v. McKinney, Tn. CIk„ 132 N. W.. GOO. 


B. STAT^ FINANCE AND SUPPORT. 





(a) GeneraL / 

Alabama: Appropriating an additional $SOO,000 for the support of tlio public 

Act 418, p. 736. Apr. 18. 1011. 

G^rgla: Proposing amendment to constitution providing ;or free schools for 
all children of the State. (Was “In the elementary branches of an' English 
education only/’) • 

This amendment wag adopted by a vote of the people. 

No. 96. Aug. 17, 1911, 

Idaho: See A {a). 

liooislaaa: Amending the law relating to inheritance tax for echoole. I^cies 
to a surviving wife or husband shall be taxed. Act No. 42. 1912. 

Maryland: Forbidding lobbying. 

N() cortwration or instltutloQ shall receive any money anDroDriated until 

no money has been paid or will be paid to 
any legiglattve agent, attorney, or lobbyist for aid in securing passage of said 

, . V . . Ch. 576, Apr. 11, 1912. 

B^pachtiaetts: Directing the board of education to Investigate the methods of 
‘ supporting the public schools of the Commonwealth. 

Resolves, eh. 70, Mv 6. 1911. 

lartppl: State tax rate 5 miUs. Th^ hoards of 'supervlsorB ma^ add not 
10 mills, not Inclndlhg road tax, common school, and county agrlcultui^l- 
. ^ I ' Ch. 87, Mar. 16, 1712. 

Bl^iMppl: Making annual appropriation for the supeplntendait of educa> 
^n:\Salary, f2,G00; exposes, |G00; rierk ItOOO. 

Inter^ OB {^clunw s^ool ^d (11,684465.22) at Heo,0d0 an- 

. ^ ^ -- _ . f- V- ■.■ . A 

^ ^ Ji 




STATE FINAKCE AND SU^^WBT. 7S 

New Mexico: Provldiug for a uniform system of account Ing, nuditlug. mid re- 
porting for all public offlcen# and all State inatltutlone. 

/ Ch. 61, June 10. 1912. 

New Mexico: Forbids public officers, etc., to contract debts in excess of appro- 
priations. but food and Clothing for inmates of State institutions may be 
purchased after appropriations are exhausted. Cb. 69, June 1, 1912. 

New York: Appropriating for new State education building:. $550,000 for con- 
struction; $200,000 for furniture, equipment, and decoration; $38,000 for 
mural paintings for entrance wall and rotunda; $105,000 for power house, 
• etc. (for capital and education building) ; $10,000 plus receipts from old 
power house, for improving site of same. Ch. 617, Apr. 18, 1912. 


B. (b) State School Lands. 


Alabama: Authorizing the State superintendent of education, upon the recom- 
mendation of the county t^rd of education of any county and with the 
approval of the governor, to sell certain school lands situated in that 
county. Act 485, p. 497, Apr. 18, 1911. 

California: Withdrawing from sale school lands situated within the boundaries 
of military, Indian, or forest reservations created by authority of the United 
Statiea Ch. 720, May 1, 1911. 

* California (1910) : Under, act of Cong. Feb. 20, 1850, ch, 59. 11 SUit.. 3S5. 
title to lands granted In lieu of school sections held not to pass until the 
selections of the State had been approved by the Federal Government. 

Certificates of purchase of land which the State anticipates will be given it 
In lieu of school land held not taxable. — Slude t*. Butte Co., 112 Pac., 486. 

Colorado: Providing for the Inveri^ment of funds arising from the sale of^ 
school lands. ' Oh, 208, May 26, 19ill., • 

Colorado': Appropriating $21,256.30 to redeem certain school lands of the State 
from tr^Burers* sales for the nonpayment of certain, special-improvement 
asseasmentfl of the city and county of Denver. Ch. 41, June 2, 1911. 

Florida: Reserving to the State board of education and their successors three- 
fourths interest in phosphate and mineral rights of lands sold by sucb board. 

. ^ “ Ch. 6159 (No. 40), May 30, 1911. 


Florida: Ma^er of sale of lands vested in State board of education. 




Ch. 6160 (No. 41), June 2. 1911. 


* Idaho (1910A : The State board of land commissioners has no power to re- 

linquish the State's rights to sections 16 and 36, granted by the General Gov- 
ernment for^mmon school purposes. — Bulderston v. Brady et al., 107 Pac., 
493, 1 

* Idaho (1011 A After the United States surveyed the public domain, the 
State has such an interest in a school district granted to the State that it 

to enjoin trespass thereon. 

Until Jthe United States Obvemment has caused a survey to be made of the 
imbllc domain thete is no legal proof obtainable to identify sections of school 
land granted to the Stole. » 

. Survey by the United States Governmentof school land granted to the State 
held competent evidence of the ideutiflcation, though the survey .has not beoi/ 
formally apprOTed.-rAscu«iaga firoa. Live Stock A Land Oo. v., Oorta, 116 
Pac., la - ^ • 

*^niliiolB (1910) : The plat made by the school, commissioner of school sectton' 
addition to phicago did pot vest the. title of the streets in tjbe cify, but ohly 
ah easement therein, , the' atmtting ovmeri owffii^ tee imbje^ 'to the ease* 

.. in^i^-^^WvSafk A Xi^stOb. V. City o etM^ .^N« ^ 




{ 

/ 


74 


KDUOATIOKAL UtGIHI^TION AND DBOIBIONS. 


1* ^ ^ prevent the legislatare from 

b ^ auy^her purpose than the support of the schools, 

out not to render^ lease of school limds void. 

Where the bo^ifi of education of^ city 'enters Into contracts with one of 

« u.'S Ksr” s.«m 

»bp “ 2.' ““ 

st^ut^** BChool land held a lease and not a sale notwithstanding the 

voidable at the elec- 

^ ®“‘>»<l“ent rntlflcatlon constituted an election to 

conflnn the modlOcatlons so as to render them binding. ' 

A modlflcaUon of a I^se of school lands held not .voidable on the ground 
wnAtlve S'^e executing the lease was a%re; 

“® modified by subsequent 
ag^ments whereby the revaluation clause in the lease was waived, e^ence 

‘Hi** *H® y*'®’’ revaluation clause was fraudulent 

•The nets of the hoard of education of a city controlllue the school lands 
within the city In leasing the lands nnd In surrendering the right to re- 
valuation at designated periods held not vlolntlve of the fourteenth amtind- 
ConstItuOon by taking property without due process of 
law. — City of Chicago et al. v. Tribune Co., 93 N. E., 757. • * 

Indiana: Validating certain sales of township school lands. 

Ch, 89, Mar. 2, 19U. 

Kansas: Legalising certain sales of school lands Cli. 282, Mur. 10, lOii. 

Kansas: Protecting nctual settlers on school lands held under lenses and 
validating certlQcates of purchase nnd patents issuhd thereon. 

Ch. 286, Mar. 3, 1911. 

* Kansas* (1910) : Assignment of school-landjcertlficates of purchnse wifh au- 
thority to the nssiguee to Insert the name of nny purchaser authorised the 
- assignee to fill In his own name as purchaser.— Martin v. Cochran et al. 10(5 
Pac., 46. ■ *' * 


* Kansas (1911): An appraisement of school lands within five years next 
pretKdiDg the execution of a lease thereon Is not a condition precedent to the 
exercise of the ik>wer to lease onder Laws 1899, ch. 241. 

On lease of school lands for a term exceeding dve years, the rentals mav be 
changed every five years under Const. Art 0. sec.'S.— Payne v. Barlow 
118 Pac., 432, . * 

Kansas (1910) : In an action to quiet title to forfeited school lands, evidence 
Introduced with other evldeuce held sufficient to show Ibrfeiture of the 
original purchaser's rights. 

A purchaser of forfeited school lands suiiig to quiet title thereto' ngnlnet 
those holding under the original purchaser Is not required to pay thb original 
purchaier or bis assignee the apiount paid the ^te. — Brondld v (iarsob 

■lAA Oaa AfVid * ' 




^Kansas U910) : Testimony of the sheriff as to his service of a proper notice 
of forfeiture of a purchase of school land held not to show Insufficient service 
under the statute 

A pniicbaser of school land held estopped on forfeiture of his purchase from 
claiming the land as against grantee of a subsequrat purchaser -^Brown 
e. Kenllng, 112 Pac., 110. ^ * 

^teaai (1910) : A sale by a trt^ee In bankruptcy of the United' States DIs- 
Court In Illinois of a cerUflcate.bf sale of State scffiool lands In Kansas 
held to emupsy no interest in the- lands; 

- A certificate, of purchase; of State school lands held to convey an equitable 
title to the lanl^Rdbertson et al c, Hbward, 109 Pac.„ 606. 

^Kmnsas (^10) : TPhe tight 6f a phichasiSf^ of school lah^ nfto^ an attempted 
. invaUd mrfiMto^ recelTe a patent after taking aiA aaslgninent the 
^ fbtnwf porchan^, sU^ . ' 






8TATB FIKAHCB 4J$n> SUFP0B9L 


76 


The assigxtee of a certificate of porcfaaae of acbool land held to be a pur- 
chaser entitled to notice of forfeiture proceedings under Oen. gtat' 1901 aec 
6356, 

Forfeiture proceedings of school lands held InTalid where notice thereof la 

^ given to A person shown by the records to have assigned his interests, and 
not to the assignee.— HoU et al. v. Nation, State And. et aL, 109 Paa/39Z 

» Kansas (1910) : Right of Assignee of the purchaser of school lahd who aleo 
purchases, the improvements upon fall payment of the purchase price to the 
State stated. 

Where the purchaser of school lands makes improvements thereon, and 
subsequently sells his Interest in the land and improvements, assigning his 
certificate and giving possession, the State does not acquire the impruvcments. 

Assignee of a certificate from a purchaser of school land on payment of the 
purchase p?lce held entitled to the patent on demand. — Schmidt v. Nation 
et al., 109 Pac^ 396. ^ 

Kansas (1911) : 'The limitation of Laws 1907, ch, 3^3, uec. 4, to an action to 
recover school lands when a forfeiture has occurred applies only where there 
has been an attempt to forfeit the right of the original purchaser and the 
land has been sold to a new purcl^ser.— Mayse v, B^t et al., 112 Pac., 624. 

Louisiana: An act to amend act No. 129 of 1908, etc. 

Receipts from lenses of sixteenth section school lands, or from the sale of 
timber tberebn. or of the lease or sale of oil and mineral rights thereof, shall 
be credited to the account of the current school fund of the proper parish; to 
be used for general school purposes. 

(Formerly such receipts were transmitted to the State auditor to be credited 
to tbe townqhip in which the property is situated.) 

Act 64, June 29, 1910.‘ 

Louisiana: An act to empower the school boards of the parishes of the State 
to bring suits to recover for the State damages for trespass on and timber cut 
from the sliteeuth section, known as school lands, held by this State in trust 
and to authorize school boards to sue for and recover the sixteenth section, 
known as school lands; ... to provide for the dispoeruon of moneys thus 
recovered. 

Moneys recovered by such suite shall be depositedim the State treasury to 
tbe credit of the township in which the land la aituaf^. 

. Act 168, July 6, 1910. 

Louisiana: Directing the registrar of tfie land office and attorney general to 
Investigate and report on all sixteenth section and Indemnity lands originally 
set Qslde for benefit of Bchools,'and funds derived therefrom. 

Act No.. 11. 1912. 

Louisiana: When It is shown by the proper records that a township has not 
received Its share of school Indemnity lands, the registrar of the State land 
office shall Issue a warrant to that township for the number of qcre^ due. 
Warranta ‘may be assigned at $5 per acre and may be located on any. vacant' 
State land subject to entry. Act No. 123, 1912: 

• Louisiana (1912) : School boards have no authority to dispose of timber 
found on school sections, and an attempted sate by a school board conveys no 
right, and the supposed purchaser converting the timber to his own use is 
liable to the State for the value of the ifiannfacthred product of. the timber, 
less the cost of logging and mnnutectere. " 

The vendee from a school board of timber on a section can convey no rights. 

Act No. 168 of 1910 does not change the Attitude of the State with rMpect 
to school lands, save that it contemplates ^at school boards shall aid the 
State In the execution of the trust— State o. F..B. WUllams C^rees Oo., L*t. 
68 So., 1088. ^ 

MlnnesoU: Provldihg ter mcmUily salei of school and other State lands In 

. XSi. 128. Apr. 11. 


u 


TIDUCATIONAL LKOIBLATtOK AKD DEOISIOKB. 


• i of^tate for tre^usa, State auditor’s certificate 

b«*nE Khool-land certificate and fair on Its face, can not be 
, coUateraUy Impeached for fraud or mistake by extrinsic evident 

State auditor authorised to determine whether State’s school lands an* 

S ' • R'ver.LnXr ^ m 

* : Les^ of school land after expiration of Ills lease not 
entitl^ to a voice In the selection of appraisers to revalue It and If he de- 

Tms'ZZ 3ie;'""“ "" 

•■Nebraska (1010) : A tenant occupying school lands under a lease from the 

* entitled to damages on the opening of a highway without Joinlne 
the State as plaintiff In the proceedings.— Dugan v. Cedar Co., 128 N. W., 2j| 

New Mexico: Moneys received from the I^s Vegas hmd grant may be Invested 
In municipal and district bonds (as well ns State and couu^ bonds). 

^ Ch. 04, June 10, 19li 

DakoU: Authorizing the board of university and school lands to make 
examination of all State and schqpl lands to detemiine the character and 
- extent of underlying coal veins and to sliow soil characteristics and topo-' 
graphical features of such lands. 

Appropriation, ?2,000. ch. 2G2, Mar. 3,‘ 1911. 

North Dakota; Heluting to the appraisement and sale of school lands. 

Ch. 201, Mar. 3, 1911. 

N<^h DakoU: An act withdrawing from fjale or rent t'ertnin school Iniui in 
Dunn Couuty. Ch. 143, Mnr. (1. 1011 . • 

(11)11) : Where the board of university arid schdol lauds In 

■ ® Clscretlou Kiven by the coustitutlon mid 

N statutes, certiorari will not lie to review Its action * 

Ui^r Const. IM, and Kev. Codes 1905, secs. 163, 174..Ae/d that the 
^ ^ard of imiverslty and school lands Is eudowetl with the duty of using Jude- 
m^t and discretion In selling and approving sales of inibllc'land 
Dlsappr^I by the board of university and school lands of a Mile of school 
125?! contract of sale to be executed under the power 

grated It ^Rev. C^es 1906, sec. 174. held conclusIve.w-Fuller.r. Hd of L'nlv 
ft Sch. Lands et al., 129 N. W., 1029. ' ‘ 

South Dakot*: Deflnlng the powers and duties of the Commissioner of school 
and public lands, r^ulatlng the leasing and sale of common-school and" 

, endowment lands, providing for the npijortlonm^t and Investment of the 
wmmon-school and endownment land funds, provldlog for the sale of timber 

‘ ' Ch. 224, Fteb. 23, 1911. 

* county, whether organized or not 

organized at the date of the jinssage of atft 1881. held entitled to four leagues 

2t l\Zl24% Co. Judge, v. Kofcison, Land 

* i, «rt- 7. -sec. 6. the contract of a county leasing 

"" purchase during that time held 

'Md.— Midland Co. v. Slaughter et al.» 130 S. W., 612, 

adverse possession or limitation Is available a^inst the 
title of a county to Its school laud. 

^ causes school land to be located and surveyed pursuant to 

acquires title though a patent for the same be 
not issued* • ^ 

On a livery by a county of Its school land In trespass to try UtTe. defend- 
ant Is aot enMtJrt toKompeneatlon for bis Improvements his remedy bel^ 
{nuvhase of thelaE^T^Lamar Oo. o. Talley et al., 127 S. W,, 272. ^ * 

aecur^ by an ort|dnal 


£TAIE FINANOB AND SUPPOBX. . ' 77 / 

■ *» _ /* 

A\ contract relating to the acquisition of an Interest in Stat« school land- 
held* nonenforcenble.— Brown v. Brown et al., 132 S. W., 887. 

♦ Texas (1910) : Title by limitation may be acquired to un pa ten ted schooMands 
sold by the State. 

The rule that limitations will not run In case of mistake until discovery by 
the party sought to be charged' does not apply where plaintiff purchased 
school land In 1884 and a mistake of the surveyor was aot dlscoverbd'^anlll 
1908. — Paterson v. Rector et al., 127 S. W., 661. 


•Texas (1911) : The Commissioner of the General Land Office can not declare 
a forfeiturev>f a purchase of school land for colUisitm. 

In view of section Go. Acts 30th* I>eg., ch. 20, held that sectloii 6e did not 
change the law as to a settlement on school land in good faith and authority 
to (\tH‘bn*e a forfeiture of a purchase thereof for* failure to so i^ettle. 

The defense of Innocent purchaser Is inapplicable to cases Involving con- 
flicting claims ns purchases of school land. 

V In a suit Involving confiscating claims of purchnsers of school land held that 
an erroneous charge was cured by another charge.— Baldwin v. Salgado, 135 
S. W., 60S. 


•Texas (19\0) : One taklpg a void lease of public-school lai»d an^ In good 
faith making improvements held entitled to recover therefor of the subsequent 
purchaser frpm the S!ate* 

One buying of the Smte public-school lands of which another Is In posses- 
sion under a void leinie held entitled to recover of him rent from the Ume of 
bis purchase till placed In possession on tennlnatlon of their litigation over 
title. ' , 

One making removable ImprovementR on public-school 4ands under a void 
lease thereof held under the circumstances entlUoil to recover therefor of a 
subsequent purchaser from ,flie State, denying him right* to reinove though 
he delayed demanding right to remove. — Buchanan r. Wilburn, 127 P. W., 1198. 


• Tei(^ (1910) : Tbodgh the State may who115' Ignore a subsequent purchaser of 
sahool land and rcspognlze only the contract of the original purqhSser, It does 
not follow that, ns»betweeft the original pufcliaser^ind the vendee of an 
- Interest In the 'former’s Inchoate title, the\ convevance Is void. — Breen v, 
Morehead et al. 120 S. W.. a50. jr 

u , • \ ‘ ' 

.•Texas (1910) : A purchaser of State schooT l(i;ads may not fulfill the condi- 
tions of settlement and occupancy by proxy. \ • 

A contract by a husband for the purchase of \state school land held a com- 
munity obligation through which the wife acquIiiM a half Interestju the land. 

In a stilt Involving conflicting qlalms to Statj^ school land an Instruction 
held erroneous ns tindtily emphasising the necesstty of plnlntlfTs personal oc- 
- cupancy and In excluding the consldemtlon o^ tbe>\acts qf bis wife.— rErlcks^n 

V. McWhorter. 132 S. W.. 847.^ 

Triimi (1910) : The act of *1907 requh*Iiig purchase!^ of school land to resMb 
In tiersou continuously on thq laud added nothing to the former statute except 
' that It r^pe^led the permit to resld? elsewhere six months in each year for 

the purpose specified. 

Evidence held to mtpport a finding that. a purchaser of school lands sub- 
stantially complied with the law as to residence on* the landa— State t?. 
Davidson: 132 8. W.,,620. ‘ ^ 


• Texas (1910) : Under Sayles's Ann. Cly. Stat. 1897/ Art: 42lSfra purchaser of 
school land whose rlgb( has been forfeited held to possess the absolute right 
to reluBtatenient as against the cla|^ of ono^ whom the loud has been 
erroneously awarded subsequent to uAforfellure and prior to the appUcetlon 
for reinstatement. 

The right of a purchaser of school lauL forfeited for nonpayment of interest 
' to reinstatement held to bbwme fixed asVf the date of bis compliance with, the 
statute huthorlzlng reinstatement ^ •* 

, Trespass to try title by a purchaser of school lands within a year antt his 
relnstat^ient after a forfeiture heldnot bart^ by Laws 10Q&, ch. 29. 

hnwe l90fi, di, 29, held to apply 6niy In cases In which persons claUn the 
right to purchase school land which has been sold to othera 
A ^purchaser of the rights oif one to whom , school land, has been awarded 
by 8hbstlt^<Hi,oa the comndssloner aocgjfiti^ him the pOriUon pf an i 


"T 


78 


BDUOAHOKAL LB6aSLAHOK AHD DEOISK^Ka, 


is intervening 

o' l^O* after the forfelture.-DavlB|et aL i*Yat^ 133 

* “otice can not be taken that In 1898 more than half 

ncc^g^Sl*^ ^ ° 'or the benefit of others than the public 

Stetemeat of wh^ under Const ‘Art 7, sec. 2, land cbVered by a patent 
■ r “*« PO*>"o 'ree-school fund, on rendition of 

a favor of the State canceling the patent — State t?. Powell, 134 

CJ. W., 740. 

(1810) : Commissioners’ court ceaild not delegate (io the county Judge 
power to sell the timber on school lands. 

Approv^ of sale of timber on school lands by oomnilssioners* court and re- 
c^ng of the purchase money and use thereof hy the county for school pur- 
poses held a ratification of the sale. • 

of commissioners’ court approving a sale, of timber on school 
mnds need not be in writing to constitute a ratification of the sale.— Carter- 
Kelly Lumber Go. t?. Angelina County, 120 S. W.. tJ93. 

* Texas (1910) ; Filing of field notes. In tiic district surveyor’s office was not 
essential to an appropriation of sebo^ lands. 

In tte absence of evlden.ee to the contrary, it will be presumed that nppro- 

required by Rev. Stat. 1895, Arts. 
4.130-1132. — Elwood, Arnett & Arnett i>. Copeland, IM S. -W., 146. 

* Texu (1910) : Undw Acts 29th Leg.) ch. 29. an award^onstitutlng the title 

pTead^nTl Introduced la evidence wlthrat specially 

An application for the purchase of school land, made;prlor to tB^cancella- 

Hm°onV niw'^ f*o.“ ® n held not to give applicant any right at the 

time of ming of the application nor prior to the cancellaUon of the prior sale. 

An^lcatloa to purchase school land at, a prlce^ttlow that at which It 
has l^n appraised and offered for sale secures no rlghtlSoiWAppllcant 
j K P*'®®®le*’ely filed an applic.otion for the purchase ofi*School 

. to^Bsess the right to make application when the proper time has 

arrived, and, under proper circumstances, the application may consist In 
the use of papers already fiwa. 

^Application tor toe purchase of school land filed more than a month before 
toe cancellation of a prior sale to another, and acted on after the cnncella- 
tlon of the prior sale and n s w pipralsement of toe land by toe commissioner, 
held Inelfectaal to give tbe applicant title 
An application for ‘the pnrehase of school land held not to sufficlenUy de- 
scribe tbe land so Jliat an award was not a affle In compliance with law 
A sale of KhooTlands reappraised at $8 an acre to an applicant aoDlylng 
for thepurchase^hllc toe appraised value was fixed at *8 an acre Is not a 
. sale In compllaac^^ltb law. .. 

°' lanfcwhlch has stood for a 

year held valid against every one bnt the State, 

■ A a purchaser of school land reciting from the operation of 

Acta 29tt Leg., ch. 29, held to come from the operation ift the lnw,^nd when 
an attack on an award of school land. It stands as 
If valid from the beginning. — Hrp. v. Tillman, 181 8. W,^;i06i7. 

Virginia (1910) ; A Ale of land by the Slate as ittovlded by. Code 1^, 
1(W, relatlA to the saTe by thb State of forfeltedland for benefit of the 
schookfnnd, estops Ihe^State from again sdling the,4ame land, uhless there 
be a forfeiture of the new title.— SUte v. Mathews et sL, 69,8. 'fil., 044. 
Wyoming: Flxm terms of peymrat for State and school lands, 

Tenj«r cent qf purchase price must be paid in cash ; the balance is not to ' 
exceed 18 annual itmtaUmAts, with Interest .at 4 per cent 0 per cent on all 
money oyerdue, /Oh. ^ Feb; 10, lOuT 


8TATB nNAJXm AND BUFPOBX. 


79 


B. (c) PBfiuAnent StAt6 School Funds; Composition and Inyostmont. 

Alabama: ‘Prescribing the duties and powers and fixing tbo compensation of 
county superintendents of education. 

“Sec. 1 Be it enacted bv the Legislature of Alabama, That the duties and 
powers of. the county superintendent of education shall be as follows: He 
sMll ^ve an office at the county seat of bis county, where he must, on evety 
Saturday of each month, except In the months of June. July, and August, be 
pr^ent In person ot by representative to transact business with the officers 
and teachers of the public schools: He shall examine Into the c^dltlon of 
nil school funds of his county, Including the sixteenth-section fund and slx- 
tpen^-ewtion lands unsold In his county. He shall, as soon as practicable, 
notl^ the difitrict trustees of each district of the amount avhllahle as salaries 
of the several teachers In the district He shall, when required by the county 
board of education, devote his entire time to thg work of visiting and super- 
vis ng the schools of the county when any of t^e public schools are lb session, 
vis ting all of the schools of the county as often as iwsslble, and each of them 
at least once annually. When visiting a school he shall notice carefully the" 
condition of the schoolhouse. grounds, and equipments, 'calling to the atten- 
tion of the local trustees any apparent needs of the school. . He shall observe 
we class work of eacli teacher and, when necessary,, give model lessons for 
We benefit of the teacher. He shall encourage, the organization of school- 
improvement associations and the building up of school libraries. He shall 
nial^e, on blanks furnished by the State department of education, monthly 
rejK>rts to the county board of education, covering fully nnd In detail his 
work during the preceding month,, sending a duplicate reiwrt to the superln- 
^ndont of eilncntlon at Montgomery. He shall, on or before tha.l6th day of 
October of each y€ar, forward to the superintendent of education. on blanks to 
latter, an annual report covering the work of the 
puhllo KohoolB in his county for the preceding year, which shall set forth' 
(1) the amount of school money pal_d .Into the hands of the treasurer of the 
wunty school funds nnd from what sources; (2) the amount disbursed by' 
tte tr^surer and for what puriwse; (3) what nmoimts of public-school 
funds, If any. passed tlirougli hls-hands Into the hands of the county treasurer 
of the public-school funds and from what sources; and his annual TeDort 
shall supply whatever Information may be called for by the State supe^- 
tendent of e<lnoation touching the public schools of the county. 

“Sec. 2. Each county superintendent shall receive 4 per cent of all State 
^blic money legally disbursed in hIS county not to exceed the sum of $1,800 
for calendar year: Provided, If the county board of education of any 
co.uuqi^houUl, by a majority vote of the board, require the full time of the 
county superintendent In the discharge of the duties of his office, the said 
county board hhall fix .hlb compensation on a salary basis instead of a per- 
centum* on disbursements, as otherwise provided In this section, and £ld 
salary ^all be fixed at a sum not leSs than $1,000 i>er annum, payabie In 

' 12 equal monthly payments In the same manner and out of the same moneys 
as other tcachprs are paid, bis name being placed on the.jpay roll with other 
teachers. To Uie county Superintendent In the dlsdttrge of his duties 
the county bdam pf education may employ such assistants as they may deem 
necessary. These assistants shall be paid In the same manner as other toch- 
ers In the county are pnid. * 78^ 

“ Sec. S. The provisions of this act shall become effective on the expiration 
of the terms of the county superintendents now In office.” 

Ait 289, 325, Apr. 8, 1911, 

.#iaifomia: Amending section 680 of the Political Code, 

^ of school funds In road bonds and bonds *f Irritt-’ 

I tlon districts. . ch. 174, Mar. 18, 19U 

• nllbols (1011) : Act of June, 1000. (Laws 1000, p. 425). providing fUr the sale 
■ff'i f Kask^la to create a permanent achool fund, held not to 

Art..4, sw. K, probibltl^ local or special laws for the manage- 
of common schools.— Land Coffi^ of Commons of KaskaskU et at o 
*n4 trustee (Jomwoiw of KasIcaakJa «t 04 N. B.^ 07(L 




80 


BDUCATIOl^AL LBGI8LATIOK AJSTD DEOISIOK8, 


Indian#: Creating a State fond for the care of persons affected by hydrophobia. 

Derived from 5 per cent of the surplus dog taxes coilected-In the several • 
counties. If said fund exceeds $3,000 at the end of any dscal year the surplus 

. shall be tura^ Into the State school fund. ‘ Ch. 98, Msr. 2, 1911. 
Kansas: Authorizing the board of school fund commissioners to compromise 
and settle all clalmtf of the State against the former county of Day. 

Mar. 3. 1911. 

Massachusetts : Appropriating for the payment of prehilums on securities pur- 
chased for the Massachusetts school fund. / ' Ch. 420. May 9. 1911, 

Massachusetts; Appropriating ^.OOO to pay premiums on securities purchased . 

for school fund. \ cfi. 200. Mar. 8, W12. 

Minnesota: P^-oposlug an amendment to the constitution of the State relat^ig 
to (he investment of school funds and authorizing the loaning of school ftinds 
Non Improved farm lauds, . 

^ "$nld amendment shall be submitted to the people at the next. general*'' 
election. . ch. 392. Apr, 20. 1911, 

Missouri:. Reinting to the Invwtment oi^ public-school fund and semtuaryfnnd. 

May be invested in bonds of drainage or levee districts. * * ” • • 

^ H. B. 1001. p, 415. Apr. 7. 1911, 

New Mexico: Jleiating to State bonds. 

Ail moneys received from Ihe sale o^ certain lands in Grant and Si^nta Te ^ 
Counties, In excew of nmounts required to [my prludiml of bonds of Series ' 
C,” shall be paid into permanent school fund of State. 

• ' , Ch. 16. June 1, 1912. 

• Oregoji; Relating to the deposit of the moneys* belonging to the Irreducible- 
Bcliool furrd, uritversity fund, and aj^lcultural-college fund, pending Invest- 
“lent _ ,cfa. 61, Feb, 14. 1911. 

PenusylTania: 8$e A (a). ' 

Tennessee: For the ^neflt of the Agricultural and Industrial and Normal. 
School for Negroes.. ■* \ 

Provld^b that the funds received underlie ifrcts of Congress approved July 
' 2, 1862. March 2. 1887, and August 30, T8bo. divided between the white 
race aoid the negro race uix>n the basis of school population. 

Apportions such part of the funds derived from the Federal tJovemment 
as should go to the colored race to the Agricultural and Industrial Normal 
School or Negroo)^" , Ch. 64, July 6, 1011, 

^ .* — ' \ . 

*• B, (d) State Taxation for School Purposes, 

Arizona:. Fixing tax rate: For State university, |a094 per $100; for State 
industrial school, $0,020 [>er $100; for. State school fund, etc., $0.65 per $100: 
for Interest on tmKerslty bonds. $0,0013 per $100; fbr dhlverslt/ bonds, 
$0,007 per $100; for redemption of unlvefslty bonds. $0,003 per $10Q, 

^ Ch. 64, Sp, Sesa, June 20, 1912. , 

Arizona: State taX and county school tax. 

State tax shall be annually levied sufficient to produce $600,000 and paid 
Into State treasury. State treasurer shall hold all school moneys as a 
special fund, j^al led State Common School Fund. ^ 

^ ^ AiVschooJI^oneys dae #ach county shall be paid on the second Monday In 
, JanuAi^ a;^..May, conformity with apporUbnment of State board of 
educdtlouVv- ' ' , 

, On or.tibfore July 1 each yean the ‘district trustees shall submit fo bounty ' 
Sd|;^n^deut itepised stateme^ of t#ox^jr qe^^ .for eusulng y^r. The 


tisili 



8TATB FIKAirOB AND SUPPORT. 


81 


county saperlntendent aball submit to county supervisors estimate of money 
needed for county for ensuing year, considering^ estimates of trustees. He 
[county superintendent] shall multiply $35 by average attendance of county 
for first eight months of prece<ling year. He shall add such a sum as win 
give each, district at least $1,000. He shall add 10 per cent as a reserve 
fund. The aggregate shall bo minimum amount required to maintain kinder- 
garten and common schools for ensuing year. If this aggregate Is not equal ' 
to sum of estimates of trustees, he must include additional amounts in his 

^ estimates separately for the several dlstrictSw 

SnperviBora shall levy tax to raise sueh sums (with a ddltlonnl amounts in 
the districts demanding same), pro/lding the rate (excluding bond Intoresc 
and "high-school tax), shall not exceed 96 cents i>er $100 of value. The board 
of supervisors shall ndt'reduce county superintendent’s estimate if rate does 
not exceed 90 cents. • . 

County treasurer shall hold school moneys ns septtrate fund aud pay- out 

V same on order of county But>erintelident. He shall report to Suite superin- 
tendent August l each year. # 

The county su|>erlnttMMlent shall apportion to each district at least $30 per • 
capita of average attendance. Minimum for any district. $1.0(X). Slmll ap- 
portion reserve fund to districts which after five inontlis’ session show greater 
average attendance than in precedlni^ year. If reserve fund is not sufficient 
to nieeT demands of nil districts showing increased nvernge attendaiuV it ‘ 
shall be apportioned among them pro rata; but in uo case shall ai>iM)rtIon- 
nient from reserve fund be greater than regular aiiportloiiipeut for same 
'year, ha In nee In reserve fund at end of year sIiuH be transferred to general 
school fund. ' ^ 

No apiK)rtionment made to any district unless teacher holds n ^egal ct?r- . 
tifleate-or to any district (except new districts) in which school was not main- " 
taine<i nt least eight months during previous year. Fire, flood, etc., shall not 
prevent district from receiving apportionment.* 

New districts shall ret^ive apportionment on probable average *attendnnce 
based on census. 

County superintendent may suspend ‘district wit^less than eight pupils In 
nvernge attemlunce, and tlie bonrd of sniiervisors Khali declare district lapsed 
and attach same to another district. County.superintendent shall ndjiulicate 
Ii^ebte<lne8S. ^ Ch. 77 (Ch. XVI). May 20, 1912. 

^DeUware: Relating to the collection of school taxes. ' 

i Adds 5 per cent to the amount of taxes not paid at the prescribed, flme. 

' . Ch. 95, Apr. 6, 1911. 

-IlUnols: Providiug for the necessarj' revenue for State purposes. 

Includes the annual levy of a tax upon assessed taxable proi)erty" for State ' 

V school purposes, to be designated the *' State school fund,” the* sum of $2.- 
''0(X),000 twas $1,000, (X)0 previously], See appropriation In H. B. 075, sec. 27. 

^ • * ’ • P ^^* 

Maryland: Fixing the rate of the State school tax at 1<H cents per $100 (In- 
stead of 10 cent^. , . * ' Ch. 257, Apr. 7, 1910. 

Nevada: Fixing tlte State tax levy. ^ ' 

.Anuui tax rate per $100: General school fund, 6 cents (raised to Kkcente, 
ch. 133, p. 220) ; contingent university* fund*^ 6.4 cents. 

* * Ch. 90, Mar. is; 19^. 

Nevada: See A (a). 

New Mexico: Hegarding revenues for public schools. v • / • , 

Levies State ;tax of 14 mills to be added to current school fund, due-half 
current school fmii^hnltbe deducted Nto form separate fund called Vevenue 
fund to ^ used for^ialntaining school »for full period of five mqntba. ' 

. StatO BOpjartnt^ndent shall apportion current school fatfll among ebnnUes on 
basis of enumeration of Tlilldreb of school age. 

Reserve fund sboll be distribute among district^ in wli)ch ahnuni special- 
Bchool^biy. of 18 mills with county apportionment Is not suflteient to maintain 

la-T^ - ^ / 




82 


BDUCAnOKAL LBGIBLAXIok AKD DWHBIONB. 


Kb^l for five months, such case coanty niperintMideDt shsll fomlsh 

?5 «iat fhct, and latter shall mate requlritlw 
from reearre fund for the amonnt nc c o^ ry for five months' 

• ^ool In Mid airtrict^axlmum a«ount required by any district for wld 
school, $300 for each schoolroom, allowing l room to each 50 
children or fraction thereof in district . 

sh^n treasurr tow credit of reserve fund 

^Boall be transferred to current school fund. 

On or before 1 each year the school directors and boards of education 
shall make an4 certify to county commissioners an estlowte of funds required 
for school purpom .for ensuing year. Commissioners may disapprove esti- 
n^Vstlma^B madCw commiss^ers shall \e\y tax they con- ' 
aider Mailmuip^ mills in incoiwated cities, towns, vll- 

■ lages; 15 mills in oth^r districts. 

County commissioners shaft levy annually a general county school tax of 
3 mills, proceeds to be placed to credit of general count}' school fund. 

Ch. 51. June 10, 1912. 

Ohio; Relating to the tax rate for certain purposes. 

Prescribes the following rates of State taxation; 

For the State common-school fund, 0.335 mill (instead of 1 mill). 

V **^!f.*^ ttje.tru8t-fund debt for school purposea 0.0335 mill (Instead 
of 0.1 mill). 

For the Miami University fund, 0.0085 mill (Instend of 0.025 mlU) 

' For the Ohio University fund. 0.0086 mill (Instead of 0.025 mill). ^ 

— ‘ Fot the Ohio Normal School fund, .0.006 mill (instead of 0.016). 

For the Miami Normal School fund; 0.0036 mill (Insiend of 0.01 mill) ' * • 

University fund, 0.0636 mill (instead of O.m 
f ^ the fund of 1he combined normal and industriardepartm&t at Wllber- 

force University. 0.0035 mill (instead of 0.01 mill). - v 

. 'She local tax le^7 tor all schoor^urposes shall not exceed in any one 
yfenr 6 mllla and the totaPlevy shall not exceed id mills, exclusive of levies 
for sinking fund and. Interest purposes. Such tax levy may be increased by 
j^te of the electora but the comblojed rate of taxation for all pnrposes shall 
in no case exqeed 15 mills.’ 

A board of budget commissioners is constituted In each county.AConslsting 
of the county auditor, the mayor o^ the largest municipality, and the prose-' 
cntlng attorney, and the^timates of alt boards or officers autlforlsed to levy 
tafrt within the county are submitted to thenif If the total of the estimates 
^ exceeds the amount authorised by law in any township, city, village, or 
school district, the budget commisslolier shall revise the estimates so that 
the total shall not exceed the authorlced amount * 

. V' ‘ ^ ^ 

Oklahdhia: ProviSng for the aale « such school landh as may 

sites for achoolhou^es. , Sites not exceeding 4 acres may be sold 
school or State lands by the commissioners of4he land office 
•organized school-district boards Receipts from such sales sb; 
in me same manner as. receipts from sales of other publlc-^oo 
^ * 6^ lie, M 

t^tafa: Pgoylditig.a permanent income for the general m^ntcmnce of the Uni- 
versity of Utah, including the branch of the Stfte Non^sAool and the 
agricultural <boUege.* ^ 

Appropriates for that purpoip 28 per cent of the «ntJre ahhual revalue 
^ derived from the generAl tax le^ for State purposes, exclusive of the State 
HBcbool and hlgh^schooPtax fnnda. Said ^oneys aball be dlyided as jfbllows; 

. faW. «bttmeratt4 above are apt^xtsuLtelv cMiethlid tonnar rafea. 

thM'b«ore.'^A new aaa«iwment waa .naife in 
101O| and pfoi^r^ wan rited St a bliwr PNportk^ |ti true valoe than in p^notti 





\ 


" ■ ^ V. ' ■■ ^ 

8T4IK FIKAHGB AJSH> StTPFOl^ 




88 


University of Utah, Including the State School of Mines and State Normal 

. School, 64.48 per c«it: branch of the State Normal School, 7*23 cwit; 
Agricultural CJoUege, 28.3^ .per cent Ch. 17, Mar. 6, 1911. 

Virginia: An act to amend and reenact sectloo 43 pf an art to raise revenue for 
the support of the government aud free schools, etc. 

Changes method of levying taxes on certain electric ^rporatlona 

Ch. 58, F^. 28, 1910. 

Washington : CreaUng funda to be known, respectively, as the “ University 
fund, the Washington State College fund,” ** the Cheney Normal School 
fund/’ ’• the Ellensburg Nor^l School fund,” and ** ther Bellingham Normal 
School fund,” and providing* for tax levies for such funds. 

Ch. 69, Mar. IS, 19U. 

West Vii^nla: Amending and reenacting sec. 02 of ch, 32 of the Code as )ast 
amended and reenacted by sec. 02 of ch, 82, acts of the legislature of 1907, 
relating to the rate of taxation on real a^hd personal property for State and 
State school purposes and the amount of the distributable school fund, 

l^uees frt)m 5 to 3 mills the maximum levy, and fiwin 2 to 1 mill the 
minimum levy. Aggregate amount apportioned remains at 1750,000. 

* • Ch, 67, Feb. 27. 19U. 


B. (e) General Apportionment of State SduM Funds; Special State 
Aid for Elementary Education. ... 

• Bee also A (6) and (c). , 

California: Carrying into effect the provisions of paragraph ,(e) of section 
14 of article 13 of the constitution of . the SUte of California as the said 
article was amended November 8, 1^0. in to far as the snme relates to the 
publlc^bool system, and to that end amTOdlng section 448 of the PolltiQal 
Code of the State ef California, and adding u new section to the said Political 
Code to bf irtimbered 461, all relating to the State school fund. 

On or^fore the first Monday in Jnnnary and the first Monday in July 
of the year 1012, and on or before the first Monday In JamTary and the 
first Monday In July of each succeeding year, the State controller shall 
trahsferfrom the general fund^f the State to the State school fund' such 
sums as will be equivalent to $18 for each pupil In average dally attendance 
in* the elementary schools of th^ State as report#! by the sut>erioteudent 
of public instruction for the school year ending June 30 preceding. 

SWte treasurer shall transfer from the general fund. to (he State 
school fund such sums as shall be certified to him by the State controller 
'under the provisions of section 448. of the Political Code. 

. Ch.j|M0, May 1, 19n, 

California: Carrying Into eff^ the provlsiona of paragraph fe) of sectiopf 

. 14 olnirticle 18 of the constitution of the, SUte o( California, >s the said* 
* Article was amended Novdpiber 8, 1910, In so far as the same the 

public-school aystetn, and to that end aipeDdlng s^on i766 of the^ll^l 
. pbde of th€f State of California, relating to thO State hCirh^Khool fwud, 

" It stiaU be the duty of . (he State controller, annually, bkween (Ite 10th 
^ , of August and the 1st day, of September, at the,^tlme lu» Is reqtili^d to eett* 
;mate Oie amount necesa^ for other school pQfpoeea, to' eetfinate.^l^ ambiiiit . 
nepessaty for the snpimit of Iflgh schoolA Thla ainonnt he 8haU ^^tnate%. 
di^nnlifing the nuj^nt ^ 










SDTTOAZIOirAI. I J flTHJ . AI tOK AND DB0ISI0N8. 

♦ * 


tvtionot tte State of OalIfonila» together wlttn all ftther State rerMM. • 
aeparete fund, hereby created, to be called the •• State hlgh-adh^^fond.** 
the amount bo estimated by the State controller. Ch. 850, May 1, lOTX 

O^ornia: Amaidlng section 1868 of the Political Code, relating to the aiw 
tionm^t of school funda ^ • 

■ h«.r uumMr of teachers employed, nmn. 

ber of teachers allowed based upon average attendance. 

Ch. 332 . .Ala r. 31. IBn 

CaUfomla: Amending section 1817 of the PoUUcal Code, relating to county 
school tJiY. \ ' 

apportlonnient, be sufflclerit to 

raise ?13 per pupil in average, attendance <;h. 459, Apr. 14, 1911. 

Colorado: Creating a permanent school emergeacy^ ball fund under the cbli. 
trol of the State snperlntendent, and providing- for the nsb and expenditure 
Of the same. ' V 

created a permanent school emergency or call 
fund Said fund shall be under tlie control of the State OTw7Edent of 
public instroctlon ns hereinafter provided. superintendent of 

set over from the general school 
ftll- thi emergency or call fnnd the sum of 

^O.m for the purpose of cprrylng ont the provisions of this net 

emergency or call fund shall remain In the 
Interest earned thereon or arising frum 
ttlr^Sf!^ to said fnnd and become n pm 

V i; account of unavoidable misfortune or casualtv imv nnhiic 

““^State Is 1« financial distress, and the sSl 7h,S," 
a^ apportionment. of the school funds are not sufficient to provide Drouer 
facilities In soch school district, the superintendent of 
approval and consent of the governor and 
«toTOey gmeral, order the payment from the permanent school emergenev «r 
to publlcschwl district of such an amount ns m“v b^n^ ' 

,sa^ to provide beoesrary school facilities In said public-school district 

** ‘*’® PC™Onent schooremergency or 

pr^ntaUoh of sufficient and satisfactory evlSnce 
s^ool district maki^ application, for relief under the'provisionB 
hereof is, by rsoson of unflToldnblG misfortnuG or oaRusltr in OnanAiai 

and tl»t the special achool tax and a^rUonmlnt oTsLhe^rS am 

ftielllUea In snSnbHo 
financial distress will contlnne for at least one 
J®®.L®"'®*® under the provisions hereof 

' ®*?; ®' ^.® *“ount to be expended from the permanent school emenronc 

- purposes shall not exceed the total 1^3 

fiie. 7. Any nppropriaUon hereaftef^a^e and any gifts or contributions 

^aw. a ^ aqdltor Is hweby afitborised to draw We warrant on the flh.fi. 

. ^snrer.ln payment of any voTicber iMued agalnTtC^manent a^ 

superintendent of SrS^rSrtC 
^ tipionA by the governor and attorney general. . . • 

& «penS?,S^provtdyiA^|i« 

Amendliv secMen* l and 2 (it chapter. 242 of thtf DuUlc a<H» of 
. .''l?'^ •^^b*^®t*teaM to |m^ec^^TO ' . iCh. 281, 1?, ^ni. 

^ tMcbers, apoii wiildh tiM ' 







STATE TIKANOE AND 0TJPPOBT. 


86 


Kansas; PrescrihlnR a minimum term for district schools and for schools In 
cities of the first and second class, providing for State and county aid for 
^dlstrlcts which can not support such twm, and regulating the forAitlon of 
new districts, 

“ Section 1. That all school districts In which provision, Is not made fot the 
free tuition and comfortable transportation of. all pupils to a public school In * 
some other school district or districts for not less than seven montfis each* 
school y^r shall maintain a public sch<wl for a'perlod of not less than seven 
months tetw^ the 1st day of SeptemW and the 1st day of the following 
June. Cf(ies of the first and second class shall maintain not less than eleht 
months of school eacl^ school yeat. 

“ Sec. Z That for the purpose of prodding at least seven months of school 
each year for all the youth of this State; whose brents or'^ardians live In 
public-school districts, the-funds of which are not sufflicent to maintain school 
for Mvw months, there shall be paid to each such district ty the State as 
hereinafter provided, <hree-fourths of the difference between the amount 
n^sary to maintain, seven months’ school and the annual 'income of the 
mstriri from all sources, and the remnining deficiency to the amount of one- 
fourth shall be a proper charge upon the county and paid as other county 
expenditures; Provided, 'That no aid shall be given any public-school district 
unless said district shall have voted an amount of money representiug not 
less than mills of the’ assessed valuation of such district* And provided 
/«r#Aer, That all districts receiving aid under the provisions of this act shall 
follow the course of study as prescribed by the State boaid of education and 

« ^ qualified teacher recommended by the county sdt)erintendent 

' Sec. 3. That It shall be. the duty of the superintendent of each, county 
wltmn the State on or before August 1 of each year, under oath, to certify 
to the county derk nn estimated amount that wHI be doe the several school 
districts under the provisions of this act from the county (and It shall then be 
the duty of the commissioners to provide a levy suffldent to raise the woant 
required for the current school yenr) -.Provided, That such estimate shall 
include a statement as to each district concerned as to Valuation, area, school 
census, and proposed total ezpepdltures for teacher and Inddenthl exj^nses. 

‘Sec, 4. That It sha*!! be the duty of the superintendent of each county 
within the. State, on or before the second Monday In January of each year, 
under oath, to certify to the county treasurer, the total amount iWe each dlfr 
trlct from the State and from the county, and also to certify to the StaCb 
SQi^rintendent of public Instruction the number of each school district In his 
county entitled to State and county aid under the provisions of this ati; the 
tax levy for each, the expenditures of each, the amount dne each from the 
State, the area, the school census, and such other Items as the State snperin* 
tendent may require. It shall be the duty of the State supertntendent, on or 
before the last Monday In March of each year, to certify the amount of State 
aid dne the several cMstrlcts under the provisions of this act. to the several 
county treasurers, and the amount due each county to the Stale auditor and 
the State auditor shall draw warrants on the State treasurer in favor of the 
various bounties for the sums ai|ai)oclfied hy the State superintendent The 
State treasurer shal^mlt said amount to the oonn^ tWeurers ^ the eev- m 
eral counties €utltlcd%) the same, who ebalP place the amounts *|q the credit ^ 
of the proper districts of their respective counties In ai^mnncdSwltb the 
IxMrtructlon of the Sfhte superintendent and V^certlfl^ by the cous^ super- 
intendent: Provided. That tit the same time the several arnounts'du’e from 
the county to said districts ehall be placed to the credit of such dlMcta 

^ Sbo. d. That to determine the amount to be appestloned to each dlstrfot 
the county superlnteudents 'shall find the estimated exp^lturea of the dl» 
trict for Uie current year and sfibtrajct therefrom the esth^ted income of^ 
that dl^ct frpnii|ll sources fof the current year. The eftimated boome 
for the cwmmt year, sltf be the sum 'of all moneys beionglug to the district . - 
on hAndTn &e dlatiHycilnd counfy treasuries, plus the amount which a Isvi 
of A 4i mills tsi nipcm.the^ dsseased vidue of.tlu district 
of .county «•* aiiiir 











86 


EDUCATIONAL LtolBLATION AND DBOIfilONg. 




'I. ■' 

-^5* ■ 


reouIrM county superintendent shall make the 

certify the same to the county clerk and oroceed to 
tae?o srt September 1 the school district neglect” 

employ a teacher and make all necessary provisions for a 
t^n^nths term of school, and the district treasurer riiall^pay such Item- 

of 1^ than bf'fonned with an assessed vacation 

shall not be.detached from any school 
the^ vslnitr ®®^®®®‘^.'^®'“tion of property, of which Is less than $100,000 or 
“ Sec” 8* That ‘‘e reduced below $10o,0^. 

theiv u ho~h ‘ ^ carrying out the provisions of this ^t 

appropriated, out of any moneys In the State treasurv not 
L ®i“ <rf $78,000 for the dscal year 

Uhetwf as '>®8lnnlng July 1, 1912, or as much 

^^ That i7f^! to- carry out the provisions of this act: Pro- 

f^ra’..J . ^ amount appropriated above is not sutHclent to pay the 

ft shall hi“rtU wS each .district Is 'entitled under the provisions of this act 

p~ s;« «~»i 

an the provisions of this act shall not. apply to districts havini^ 

children of school age, unless said distrlpta 
embrace an area of 12 SQuare miles or more* Prot?<iicd That- orhAna *u 
^^ool age in anrihoo^Tsfrlct 

■ V““ ’2'8qnafe miles shall be found to be less than 15 bf the sMual 

““'“talned 'a such school dlstrlrt Zrlni 
ia (““'eM^such a district by reason of its valuation IsTbW 

° seven months school without State or countv aid) and tmS 

pay, in the manner pr^rlbed by law to tha flf 

K, ff?sr.!srsr„:r, ci'Hs » r 

T.la.tlo» of ioeh dWrtct' SK iS “l.Sit ,i 

^Strict from all sources for school pufedies and the ^ a 

t^portation of pupils therein, and Uiic^ty i^ii 
fond one-fburth^of ,sal^ dlfferwce : Proved Thnt^^ 

mmfMfjp 


iiwuiy^ it« s^boi »riot leds 

«nnotaty 


r 




STATE EIKANOB AND BUPPOBT. 


87 


AfAii^e; Amending an act for the equalization of school privileges. 


Incloses the appropriation for the equalization of school privileges from 
^,000 annually to $27,500 annually. Provides that said fund shall be dis-* 
tributed upon the recdtamendatlon of the State superintendent of public 
schools for the aid of education in towns where^^n rate of taxation for sup- 
port of education In excess of the average for the State falls to produce a 
revenue sufficient to maintain schools of a reasonable grade of efficiency. 

Ch. 192. Mar. 31. 19^1. 

Maine; Increasing the appropriation for schools In unorganized townships 
from $15,000 to $18,000 per annum. ' 

The said sum shall be deducted from4he annual school .funds of the State. 

' Ch. 29. Mar. 11, 1911. 

'Maryland: Appropriates $4,000 annually for years to Garrett County 

school board for salaries and current expenses. To be^thken from proceeds 
of State school tax before apportlomrfent Cb. 113, Apr., 1912. 

Michigan: Proposing an amendment to section 9, article 11, of the State con- 
stitution relative to the apportionment of primary-school interest money. 

If any school district shaJI on the second Monday In July of any year have 
on hand a sufficient amount of money in the primary-school Interest fund to 
pay Its teachers for the next ensuing two years, said district shall not receive 
any i>art /of the next apportionment ol 4he primary-school money by ^e 
sujwrintendent of public kostruction. 

Said amendment was submitted to the people at the election on the first 
Monday in April, 1911, and was approved. Con. Res. J^o. 1, 1911. 

Michigan: See A (b). * 

Minnesota: Appropriating $50,000 for division amdng school districts in pro- - 
portion to acreage of State land In each district on the basis. of 6 cents per 
acre. ' *" * ^ 

Maximum for any school In one year. $250. Nb part of the money Tiereby 
appropriated shall be used for the purchase of any school site or the erection 
of any school buildlog. ch. 341, Apr. 20, ;im, 

Minnesota: Amending the law relating fo State aid for common sch^ls. 

* « 

A^ds to the common schools designated to receive special aid an additional 
class, namely, those taught for not less than seven months hy a teacher hold- 
ing at least a second-grade certificate. Such schools shall receive hot over 

• per. annum. ^ ch. 60, Mar. 1911. 

Alis^lssippi: Appropriating $5,000. Supplemental to school fund, to aid weak 
countles^^v^ch can not run school four months. Ch. 6, Mar. 6, 1012. 

Missouri: Amending an act relating to State aid to wbak dlgtrlcta. • 

Areas of districts applying for aid shall contain 'an area of not less than 
04 [Instead of 0] square mllea, and shall have maintained an average dally 
attendance of 16 pupil b. No district shall receive more than $M. 

. H. B. 887, p..401,^pr. t, 19U. 

Hlssonri : Relating to the apportioQtnent of the public-school fuhd^ 

“Ihe State superintendenfSpf publlc' schools shall* annu^y before August 
16, apportion the publld-school ^nd applied for the bentfit of the public schools 
among the difTerent conntles. This apportionment shall 'be nude aa follows; 
The State superintendent shall apportion; among the varlous coifntles, $50 for 
eoch teacher, each priqcipal, and each supeVvisof actually emplo:^ for the 
entire term: Provided, That any teacher employed for less than dne-half of 
the day ihaU not cotmte<U, any teacher emj^oyed for iess^h dne-half of 

toe term for which stobol Jifitialh'alned In to«i*d^^ he counted i 

fqt eaghi teacher ^ . 



88 




HDUOATIOKAL LBOBLATIOK A»D DBOISIONS. 


tlonment tos been less than 15 pnplls per day : Provided ftirtker 
shall apportion |100 tor each teacher wh^ sXrV 

aPPorOon'l^ to? Sch^t4“cK 

Sim fh ^®®'||®r,jp^nclpal, or supervisor who ts not paid by the school board 

S»£%F5'C”' “i" “ <!?“«? SuTaM 

holidays and on days when the 

S^’^£‘,TS!i l“m""M tt.“2s S’SiSS'mw'™' 

wmmm^m 

account ot Interest of the funds a^min^ rrmlrffcl®!’ . '* 

w“®f <A the distrlrt slcaas to th^ tow^‘‘ 

* apportioned by la^, to the propet district * Provided «n othenfise 

for the use of schools to ani «*“? ®®“®y8 

for the use of schools In any county shall be apportioned unn*rho u*!* 
atlon on file to the office IS the »«n{y cl^ ‘^«oT tS fT"?*" 

^11 l» apportioned as heretoWdrenr^^ ; 
atoly e^fter ftaking such appotUonoienL eoter the saniA in a iww%i^ *lx 

SF£€?K^ “ 


STATE FIKANOE AND SUPPOBT. 


89 


vided further, That no district, city, or town that shall have failed to afford- 
the children thereof »the privileges of a free school for at least eight months 
during the year ending the ^th day of June previous to the said dlsfrlbntlon. 
provided a tax of 40 cents^n the ^100 assessed valuation, together with the 
the public funds, will maintain the same, shall be entitled to any portion of 
the public-school fund Tor that year. This act shall take effect and be in 
force on and after the 1st day of September. 1911.” 

^ S. B. 444, p. 398, Apr. 18. 1911. 

Nevada: Relating to appointment of State and county school moneys. 

(The provisions- of this act are included In chapter 10 of the new Code, 
<*apter 133.) ; Ch. 68, Mar. 15, 1911. 

Nevada: 8ee-A (a). 

New Jersey: Relating to the division of State school moneys by the county 
superintendent. 

Shall apportion (b) $500 for each teacher of a special class (1. e., blind, 
deaf, or retarded) ; (k) 75 per cent of the cost of transportation of pupils. 
If said county superintendent shall have approved the necessity,, cost, and 
method of, same. (Removes limitations and makes provision general.) 

, , • Ch. 141, Mar. 25, 1912. 

North Dakota: To encourage elementary education. * 

“The purpose of this act shall be to aid, encourage, stimulate, and stand- 
ardize the rural and smaller graded schools of this State and thereby In- 
crease the efficiency of the entire educational system of this State. 

“Any public school In any common-school district In the State or any public 
school In hny city, town, or village, or any consolidated school In the State, 
not entitled to aid as a State high "*school, but fully complying with the 
conditions of this act relating to State graded schools; and any public school 
In any common-school* district In the State not located In any Incorporated 
city, town, or village, or any consolidated school not entitled to State aid 
as a State high school or graded school, but fully complying with the condi- 
tions of this act relating to State rural schools, may receive aid as hereinafter 
provided for State graded schoolh and State rural schools. 

“ Sta tel graded schools shall be of two classes, first and second class. First 
class: In order to be entitled to aid as a State graded school o^ the first class 
such school shall have complied with the following conditions, namely : 

“First, It shall have maintained for the school year next preceding that for' 
which aid is granted at^ least nine months* school. Second, It shall be wefl 
organized, having at least four departments under the supervision of pro- 
ficient teachers. The principal shall be a graduate of a normal school or 
other institution of higher learning or shall hold a. State professional cer- 
tificate, and each department of such sclmol shall be taught by a teacher 
having at least a first-grade elementary certificate or better. Third, It shall 
have ff*vsnitable school building properly lighted, ^fi^te d, and ventilated, 
^sanitary and commodious outhouses and other necMBy accommodations, 
sdibrary and such other apparatus ns is necessary to do extent work. Fourthi 
such school shall have a regiUar and orderly course of study atfd shnll include 
the first two^years of a hlgh-school course, as suggested by the State hlgh- 
-schooi board, as well as courses in dome^id Science, manual training and 
elementary agriculture, and shall comply with such rules as may be estab- 
■ liahed by the State superintendent of public instruction. 

" Second class : In order to be Entitled to aid as a State graded school of 
second class such school shall have complied with the following con^-;« 

“First, it shall have malntaihed for the school year next preceding that 
for which aid is gmi^ted at least nine monlhs’ school, filwond, It^ehall be 
well organised, having at least two depaacttnents under the supervision of 
jurefldent teachers. The prlncQial shall be a graduate ot a normal Vhool or 
other InadtuUon of higher learning or itell hold a State professional certlfl- 
cate, dud each (Sspartmefit of such eohool shall hg taught byH teacher having^ 
a nm-gnide eleigwtarr certificate or be^.. TIdhI, It riiaU bare a suitable 
,-school baUdlQg proper!* lighted, heated, and ven^lated; aanlWry and com. 
mod^a outhotissB and fifiler necsaniy aooptqmodatlOBa, a^Ubtaiy, and toch 


90 


EDXJCATIONAX, LEGISLATION AKD' PBCISIONS. 


superintendent of public Instruction^ estabilsbed byt 

“ achooiR s'liiill be ol two clntjses. first and second class 

Stnte aiir>«rlutendent of pubtlo luatrticilou " by tbe 

,ES||s;£"»SS^^ SSs 

grade elementary certificates who Idiva h«.i teacners bolding second- 

snpEr;r'b„T„s si,r 

by tbe State superlnteiulont of public Inatnirfion f«r « ^ ^"**^*- siMwIuted 
and ahnll receive f 2.000 .K^r nnmim. wUh Cfravelmg ex rses“' 

Amount, of State nld anmiiilly • «-™'«Mng exiwnsea. 

. 4“ cTat'*^.r 4nd S 

: ^8tate‘“grZ^’ S'cll.^|7r 

to state ^ 80 l Ida ted achoola, M.OOO; Inspector’s salary’ S2’ooo’ iti'i^f'^ ® ^ ' 
penaes, $600; totul. 117.600. ft the sald^proni^tS l« ’,S^ ®*' ’ 

V^rtlon to each school the full aiiount to which It s eitlflrt u^de^^^^^ 

>^aum approDrlated shnll be apportioned pro rat;^!S?„‘?th^MTd 

- i9n. 

UabomAt.J^PMdng an aKichdinent to the constitution for submission to thn 
pwple aa, follow.: “The legislatniw .ball have power to levy Sd 

. .Of; the eommott schools of the State and to nrortde for fh® ™ 


91 


STATE FINANCE AND SUPPORT. 

schools Id iiny district five DioDtbs in any year the retuainlng sum necessary 
to 80 mainUiiu such school shall be apportioned and paid out of such State 
*t'*y ** H. Jt Res. No. 2, Mar. 16, 1911. 

Pennsylvania: jScc A (a). 

South Carolina: An net to appropriate IGO.Oiio to the public schools <4i^uth 
Oirolinn. 

Not less than ^00.000 shall be appropriated nnminlly for the purpose- of In- 
creasing the nvernge length of the fret*-school term In this SUte. No more 
thnu $100 shall be appropriated to any one school in one year. No school 
pniintnined more than 100 days from regular school funds, and no school 
district which does not levyn special tax of at least 2 mills, shall receive aid 
from thlSffund. Schools maintained less than 100 days may receive from this 
fund amounts equal to the receipts^ from special taxation, not excee<!ing $100 
s Id any case. Application for such aid must be made by school district trus- 
tees, Indorsed by the county superlDtendent. The Stnte superintendent may 
refuse this aid to any district If he considers that such aid would be detri- 
mental to said district/ Thq State superintendent with the State board of 
education shall moke rules aiwl regulations for the distribution of this fund 
Applications shall be consider lo^^he order of their receipt. Money for the 
puri>oaes of this act shall be taken from the dlspensiiry funds in the hands of 
the Stnte treasurer as far n^they will go. . Act 431, Feb. 23, 1910. 

South Carolina: State superlifcndent of education. Stnte tr^surer, and comp- * 
troller general shnll apportidn among the counties the total cash balance In 
Stnte disi>enRary fund. Apportionment on basis of enrollment In pub*': 
schoola Held in county treasuries and paid on warrant of school district 
trustees In dlwretion of countly board of education. 

Co>mty btairds of ediicntlonfsl^all use money to strengthen weak schools In 
encouraging school improvemt*nt. etc., under the direction and with written 
consent of Stnte board of ediinitlon. Not more than one-fourth of amount 
shall be e.xpended by any county In one year, except to pay indebtedness. 

To be distributed In 30 days. No. 566, Feb. 53 , 1912. 

Vermont: ITovldlng that any town In which a school has been closed by the 
health offleer on account of contn^dous dlsen^ie shnll not be deprived of Its 
share of public-school money on that account. No. 72, Dec. S, 1910. 

Waahln^on: /Amending section 4662 of RemlngtoJT and Ballinger’s Annotated 
Codes mid Statutes. 


State suiiorintentlent shall apportion school moneys on or before the 20th 
day of July. October, January, April, May, and June. 

Ch. 118, Mar. 17, 1911. 

Wyoming: ITescrlblng bahls and manner of apiwrtlonment of county-school tqx. 
. ' ‘ . Ch. 00, Feb. 21, 1911. 


B. (f) Special State Aid for Secondary Education* 

See also Jf (o).. 

Alabama; Amending sections 1861, 18^, and 1863 of the €ode of 1007. 

Increases the appropriation for county high schools from $2;000 to S3.000 
each, annually. ^ 

y^Bts ihe ponttol of the county high sphools In the county boards of ednea- 
ttoh, ^hject*to the approvaf of the State .high-school commlaslon. 

>ct 268, p. 324,,Apr,^ X9U. 


M ^Uabamac Amen^ng. section i861 of the cide ^ 


/ProTidk'tltat h Stil^lded 

L ^ ^ la Seated A 



92 * EDUCATIONAL LEGI8LATTON AND DEGISIONB. 

Technical Institute, or n State normnl school, the code havlnj? prohibited the 
^tnbllshinent In such counties until each of the other counties In the State 
had sucb schools. Act 116, p.ll3, Mar. U, 1011. 

Louisiana: See .V (o). . 

Massachusetts: AniemlInK nii a'ct providing thht towns whoSe vnliintion Is 
less than $1,000,000 shall lie riMnihiirspd for certain hIgh-school exiienses, 

Increases from $7.->0.0CHl to $1,000,000 the valuation In towns which tuav 
receive State aid. oh. 537, June 9, 1911. ' 

Utah: I.evjlng a Stat^ ta.x for blgh-school purposes and providing the monner 
of appropHntIng the siinie^ • 

.Rate of such lux, one-hnlf mill. The State board of education shall fix 
standards upon which, and the annual period during which, such schools shall 
be maintained to olttaln any part of wild fund. Api>ort!onment based on 
number of students who have actually attended at least 20 weeks. State board 
shall upix)lnt n hIgh-school Inspector and fix his salary, which with his ex- 
penses of travel shall be iiald from the hIgh-school fund. 

Cb. 29, Mar. 9, 1911« 

Wisconsin: Amending sections 496b and 49Gc of the statutes, concerning State 
aid to high schools maintaining Instmctlon In manual truining. agriculture, 
an^ domestic economy. • ch. 546, July 3. 1911. 

Wlscobshi: Amending subsection 4 of the statutes, relating to State aid for 
free high schpola. 

Increases appropriation from $76,000 to $100,000. Ch. 666, July 5, 1911, 


C. LOCAL (COUNTY, DISTRICT, MUNICIPAL) FINANCE AND 

SUPPORT. , 


(a) GeneraL , « 


Oolorodo; Authorizing cities of the fli-st or second clnss, and all eftiM or cities 
and counties organized under special charter to exercise the right of eifilneut 
domain In the condeumatlon of private proiVrty for public purposes, and 
prescribing the manner of procedure. Ch. 129, June 3, Ibll. 

OoioriMlo: Providing for the pubilcatlon of a flimnclal statement of all school 


oiBincis in tne state. 


vyii. juue ivji. 


^Delaware (1910) : Gifts 1« trust for the support of the public schools are 
^ts^r charitable uses.—Tnist. ^fr^New^teastle Common v: Megglnsjn. 77 

* Indiana (1000') : Board of finahee of a school cltr had no discretion as to 
what banks. should receive Bffaool funds, on deposit, bat must Impartially 
wvlde them among all quaHfied banks making application and complying 
Trith provisions of act.— Bd. |f Finance of Sch. City of Aurora e. Feople*s 
Nat Bana of lAwrenceburg, j|l N. B.. 904. » 

*^diana (1011) ; A demi^d by a taxpayer upon a school dty, requesting It 
to sue to ^njoin ap Illegal act Involving the erpendlture of school funds, was 
® condition precedent to a suit for that purpose by the 

The that one seeking equity must do equity hold not aj^Ucable to 

pmept the avoidance of an Illegal contract betweei a. heating company and a 

to tte company the reatonable value, of ito 

an iUj^f contact 



LOOAL FINAKCE AK0 BT7FPOBX. 


98 


* Iowa ,(1910) : A testamentary (rfft In trust for the use of a county permanesit- 
school fund held not amblguons or uncQrtain as to the purpose of the gift 
Matter of common knowledge that money apportioned by the State to 
various counties for school purposes Is iiaually referred to as the “county" 
permanent-school fund, and this fact rSf^*be considered in passing on the 
validity of a bequest to such a fund. — Chapman et ol. v. Newell. 125 N: W.. 324. 

Kansas: Authorizing the Investment of sinking funds. 

Ch. 287. Man 7. 1011. 

Kansas: Concerning sinking funds. 


Interest Tiiwn moneys of any school-district sinking fund (lpi>08ited In bank 
under certain conditions shall be credited to such sinking fund. 

'* Ch. 288, Mar. 7, 19U, 

Michigan: Relating to deposits of school moneys. 

Each bank depository shall give bond for fflfckeeplug and pavnient of all 
^moneys deposited therein and deposits shall not exceed such bom!. In no 
rase shall over .$100, (XX) be deposited in one bank. Knob *’lstrlct board shall 
determine the details relating to deposits, nml all traiiKaciioiis shall be open 
to the public. The treasurer sbaU not be liable for moneys lost by failure of 
a bank In which deposits had' been mode ns directed bv the t^-tors In annual 

' No. 218. May 1. 1911. 

Michigan: Amending certain sections relating to district- school funds. 

Funds classed as (1) " building ^nds." for which district mealing may 
vote n tax; (2) "genergl fund,” for which a tax may be voted by district 
meeting and by the district board, to be used for the regular running ex- 
penses of the school. Including furnishings, care of property, teachers! ’wages 
trans{>ortatioa of pupils, etc.; and (3) "primary fund.” derived from the 
State and nvoilnble for teachers’ salaries only. The compulsory district ‘tax 
known as "mill tax” is made available for general puri> 08 es instead of for 
teachers’ wages only, as before. ^ 

Members of district boards are forbidden to net as agent In the sale of 
schoolbooks, apparatus, etc., to be Interests In any schooT contract or to 
perform any labor for the school district except as provided by law. 

• No. 57, Apr. 8, 19U. 

Mississippi: The trustees of common schools (and otbenboards) slinll purchase 
their supplies upon competitive bids, letting contacts for periods of not more 
than thrive months Ine^lvance. . No individual member shall purchase supplies, 
e.xcept In -emera^cy, and then not over $16. Ch. 123, Mar: 14, 1912. 

Now Jersey: Fi^ for violation of school law shall be delivered to Custodian 
ot school mopeys of district In wh^ch offense was committed. 

Fixes fees and court costs. Oh. 209. Mar. 28. 1012. ^ 

•North Carolina (1009) : General assembly can not ordfer the disbursement of 
school funds In a countyltreasury by Joint resolution without iutt^posUlon of 
, school trustees.— Asblll et al. v. Martin et al.. 66 S. E., 

Ohio: Rrfatlng^to'tlie furnishing of water to public schools in dtieslftnd 
villages. 


^^No charge shall be made hy mnniclpal offleers for puch service, unless the 
boundaries of the school district Include territory not wlfBln the Vlty or 
village. No. 221* p. 94. M^6, lOU. 

/ Pennsylvania: See A, (a). v. i » ■ 

South Dako^: Requiring boa|;;is of educfftlon thrall schoof dlstrkte pfsanized 
, under special charters or aa independent districts to ppbllsh a quarterly state- 
Hijfent of^^^ and expenditures and o&Hdfe condition of such " 



v'Jl' 




MUCATIOl^AL LEQI8LA.TIOK AND PECIfflOKS. 


^Provides that when a «ew dIstrlA la authorial and eatabllah^^d th« 
the'pr^Ident of the board ^ «Sucat1^Tt^* n 
chairman of the district huperaeded by the breanizntion nf 
n^’ constitute a committed on arbitration for the purpose 
interests between tjie new con>oratIon and ^e 
, trtct .or districts superseded by its oitaniaation. ’ Ch. 134, >lar. 3v^l911. 

^ 8ecaori,J483 of the Code, as hereloforo. 

.w, ■ "f®"*"** “> doMtlons for echooli so as to extend its provisloos 

to devises and^beqnests, and to make It apply also to city ^hools. . 

Ch. 329, Mar. 17, 1010. 

Tf'y^anual ch«rlt«ble trust for the mnlntejmnee 

• M* thTcUj * ^ “ ‘"‘y’ “It Invalid as Imposing obligation^ 

A will giving property to a' city for a training school, when construed In 
connection with Const. Art 10. sec. 3, held t<vprovlde for a tulZ on v 
from nonresident children and those over schcml age. - “ ^ 

8c^*l*hdd1mML Mm ninlnteiiAnce of o ma-nmil-tralnlng 

' s^^for iur^ ® 

charitable pnfe^“ «!“«“'»“»' Purposes are gifts for ' 

A’city receiving a testAmentary gift for the erection and maintenance of a 

“eSaSd'by”toe-^tel‘mr':^® 

authorized to invest public monfey in" the erection ol^-a schm?! 
uildingas a contribution to funds provided for bv a testnnientury gift under 
circumstances- oreafing n trust in perpetuity. * • 

^26-11, as amended by Laws 1903 chs. 228 428 d 
. constru’ctlou,.and equlp- 

schools of n .city held “district schools” under Ooi^ Art. 10, 

• Under Stat. 1898, sec. 4906. as amended by TAiws 1907, ch. 603 and Oshkosli 
^ dty charter as enacted iniSOl (Lawrf ISOl.^ch. 69). the city held auKml 
twin^g maintain byildlngs ^exclusively for the teiicblng of maminl . 

charter. (Lnws^\801, ch. 60) .the ndopUon of plans^for 
the erection of n ^hool building, j^eld not 'a condition precedent to the right 
to vote bonds to ralM money to erect tr building. • ^ * 

Under Const., Art, 10, sec. 3, pupils In district schools held entitled to have 

.. K",“:.?S'K:sxr“ '*■“ "»• -"".1 «" 

' aA may -legally H>e exacted from nonresident children attending 

over?«chooj age.^Maxcy v. City of Oshkosh 

» " ' ■ ” -f ' ■ 

C (b) Local (fcouuty, fiistrict, Municipal) Bopds and Indebtedness. 

. ^ , 'See also A (?) and (/). . 

.^irixoiiAt Relating to bonded InrfebtedoesB of certain .Q^epotttlonA • 

^ '**'V ‘’"'"P®*' o' rt°y cwwty, sehool 

dty, or tp.wn to create aij injebtedneea pot exceeding 4 cent of 
J^^naUon. In excew of ttijrf proportlbn, the consent of Uie mjbrtty of 
property tax^yew must be obtglned. Presct)bea mannef 
tlm; form of And sate of same. ' ■ Ch. SsT^ay 1912 . 

WvHHcaJ ^e by addl^iierton.-iMaa, wivldlng-tor ' 
ttepaymeat « Inh^ on ^i»ld ordera or demands agalneteny acbMl * 

•. ... Cb.702,.aitfj|..X9ll. 





LOOA;- 'Fl^ANCt AND S\jPPORT. ^ 95 

' :.Propowil and-offer to Isrup bondff and the |)uw*hnpe thereof 

heiu a contract bet weep tbe taxpayers au(j the purchasers. 

desljoiate in the -notice of 011*01011 the times of paymem df 
Interest held fntar to the validity of the bonds; 

hPid I'f "'® "If ''■« ‘‘IftlOM that Intffi'Ht was piiyahle " per annum ” 

' t 07 ^pj“ ^ S. 'nist. et al. f. Keyes. Co. Oik., 

Colorado: Amemlliig section .'ilKtO. of the Uevlwsi statutes, reliitlug to uniting 
cpiitlguouB school districts and annexing contiguous territory. 

Relates to the bondeii liidebtetliiesH of one or more of the united districts. 

i-li. 20 a. Keb. 21 , 1011 ! 

PloHda: Joint resolution proposing an amendment to article 12 of tbe Ntate 
constitution. r • “ ' * 

'Pel"'>'tHre to provide for Hpecinl-tnx school dlstrlota to Issue 
PmUs l<^o^•l(le 8 for election on diipstlon of lH)iid Issue apd 

limits to «) uiIllH the tax to piij* bond.s. h. Jt. Ues. No. 70, 1911. 

• Florida: t}mpowerlM); the Imard of t>,lma(lou of Alucluui C.-unty to' borrow 
money foe the erec.tlou of schoolhonst^s. ' ■ ^ 

, ' • Ch,.(!2,')0 (No. 131 ). June 3 , lltll. 

G.eorgia: Authorizes Jssiie og bomlsefor sclioolhouses in local hix dIstilotB. 

Determined by Qualified .voters. - • xo 5 . 37 ^ IT. 1912. 

Idatio: Sec A (a). ^ ' * * 

an(l charter of Ind. wdiooP district No 1 
lerce Oo„ held t^« tjie ydtlng of tKaidf^ to Talae immey for tliret* Hepiirate 

» * bniJOingH and tlxlngs and. fvirnltum? therefor waa ^oi^erW 

V subiultteu as one protxiaition. * * I'cny 

Cyngress orgunlzluK Idaho as a. Terrhory did not i.rohIbU the Terrl- 
torlal legislature from orKanlziiiK scIkm..), districts by siwclal or local laws - 
^ Howard a. Itid. ISch. Ulst. No. 1 , of Nez Perce lOQ Pac.. G9Z 

_ Indiana: l.egnllzlng certulfi school dlty and schwl town bonds, under color of 
any statute bt thg .Stnte. ~ • . ch. 24. Feb. 24. 1911. 

IndlXna: U-gnlJitlng certain stliooMown'shlp bonds Issued under itet of Febru-. 
ary 27, 1899. and a^fet.-t^ by thp court dt^-lslou In'the cause of Lincoln -Schoul 
Township :;.,Uillon Trust Co. ^ . Ch. 13, Feb. 10 . 1911 . 

Indiana: Ix-gnllzlng certahi warrants'' lssne .1 by townshli) trustees for proper ' 
Khool purposes, and anthorteing the Issue of township bonds for rcf.mtfing 
the same Ch. 45. Fd.. 25, 1911 . 

/ndlanj^^tjiorlzlng lncor|)onitetl towns ImvbngVt over LOGO populntlon to 
issue tends for not, exceeding $25,000 for school sites ond huHdlngs. ' 

2 ^^’'dar unniml tax not exceeding 

,2 per cent. . Ch.-OO, fter. 1 , loil. ' 

Iowa: Ilelatlug to the'rlhilt of ludeh\e<lrtMS of Independent si-hooi districts. 

“'"*lmuni limit of such indebtedheirf from. 24 p^r cent to 4 ner 
^ cent of actual- vniue of tnx)ible property, nml nrovMea thL inPran^L 

tletermlnod" by election called ui>ou |> 6 tItlon of 25 
^nt flhstend of 40 iter cent) *of those voting fit in at school election 

Kansas: . Enabling ^ eehoitl district contalnln^'a city of the third das* to 
^ issue bobds to pay for school buildings alt^dy erected. > / . ‘ ' 

' i. wu! ®^.'^**^’** '■AdUou' this law limited to September 

^.. 1 , 18 ^ . ' V ... ' <3h.2(»;,Mnr.i3,^oiL ' 




96 BDUCATIONAL USOIBLAHOH AND 

Kansaa; Eoabllng school districts to tteoe bonds to pay ontatanding warranto. 

Such bonds ahall not exceed 5 per c«it of the valuation of the proper din- 

Ch. 264, Mar. 6, lOU. 

Kansas: Authorizing cities of the second claas to Issue bonds amounting to 2 
(liutead of IJ) per cent of their valuation. Ch, 260, Mar. 2, 1911. 

Kansas: Rglating to bonded Indebtedness of certain cities. 

Cities of the first .class having a population of 20,000 'and under, whoso 
assessed valuation does not exceed Hl.000,000. may issue bonds amounting to 
2 (instead of 1 ) per cent of their valuation. Cb. 259, Feb. 21, J9li. 

Kansas: Legalizing the Issuance of sthool district bonds for the erection of 
schoolhouses in certain cases. 

Covers issue mlide.in excess of legal limit, but otherwise regular, the build- 
ing proposed having been actually begun. ^ Ch. 258, Feb. 21, 1911; 

Kansas: Authorizing cities and school districts to .vote additional bonds for 
erection of school buildings. 

The State board of school fund comml goners may authorize the issue of 

JTsuch bonds not to exceed 50 per cent more in amount than may be voted under 
inesent laws. Such authorization may be given after hearing upon applica- 
tion by proper board of education, accompanied by a petition signed by at least 
half of the electors entitled to vote for the issuance of such bonds. If the 
board of school-fund Commissioners grant the authorization, an election ahall 
be held In the proper district to detennlne the matter: 

Ch. 25T, Fd>. 9, 1911. 

Kansas uXuthorizlng boards .of educatlcm in cities of the second class to issue 
bonds ttf pay outstanding warranta . Ch. 105, Mar. 13, 1911 . 

Kansas: tSee D (a). 

Kentucky: Authorizing county boards of education to pay Ind^tedness of 

" school districts incurred prior to the creation of said boards. 

Ch. 69. Mar. IS, 1912. 

* Kentucky (1911) : That only $900 was required to finish paying for a school 
building held no ground for restraining the issuance of bonds, ^pursuant to an 
election to the amount of $2,000 to provide grounds, building, fomiturtt. aud 
school apparatus.— Young t?. Roberts et al.. 138 S. W., 911. 

♦ Kentucky^ (1909) : Acta regulating comjnoh schools hrid consfitutio;;^!. 

A school district Jiavlng prior to act created a debt for furniture and used 
and enjoyed same, the patrons and property of district ns it stood prior to 
act and not property of entire county, should pay It— Bd. of -Ed. for Pike Co 
V. A, EL Andrews Co., 122 8. W., 207. ^ 

rionUlana: ^o|||fg;resolutlon proposing an amendment to article 281 of the con- 
stitution of me State of Louisiana, etc. 

The proposed amendment provides that mnnidpal corporations, parishes, 
school, or drainage districts, etc., when anthoHzed to^4o so by a majority In 
number and amount of the property taxpayers voting at an election held for 
that purpose may incur debt and Issue n^tiable bonds therefor, and Ae 
governing authorities of such subdivision dhall amiually or B^iannnally levy 
and c^lect a tax to pay the Interest and priMlpal ^ the jmme: Provided 
That wch special taxes, for all purposes, BhalVuot in any year exceed 10 mills 
on the dollar of asstosed vaiuatton of the property In such subdlvislohs, 

This- proposed amendment shall be submitted to the qualified voters of the 
State for adoption or rejection at the congressional Section to be held in 
November^ 1910, and If adopted it shall take, effect immediately thereafter. 

The mentiaV change from the former provision, po far as edncatl^al in- 
terests dre concerned, is that school districts are included in the eatery 
of municipal subdlvlstons which, are ekhpowered to levy ap^ial taxes aud 
inuc bonds. The maxbnum limit* of ai^al taxatloa ls raised from 6 to 10 
mills oh the dollar; ^ 


' LOC^ FIKAKCB ^ND SUPPOBT. 


97 


^ • 

(The State superintendent of public Instruction states that this ‘'places all 
or the machinery of 'special echool-tax elections and the funding of special 
^ tax-es Into bonds in the hands of the school board* making It unnecessary to ask 
police Juries for elections or requiring the people to petition for' elections.’*) 

Act No. 197* July 6. 1910. 

The amendment was ratified by'the people Nov. 8, 1010. 

Louisiaini; An act to define the subdivisions of the SUte; to prescribe the’ mode 
• of calling and holding elections therein for the purpose of levying a special 
tax or issuing bonds* etc. ^ 

' School districts are declared to be i>oIitIcal subdivisions of the State, and 
ijpecinl taxes may be levied, debt incurred, and bonds issued ns hereinafter 
provld*e<l. The governing authority for school districts shall be the school 
board of the parish In which they are resr>ective1y located.' 

The gt»ve^n!ng authority of any siiIkI I vision si ml! have antburlty to call a 
special election for the purpose of determining a proi>o8itlon to levy a special 
tax for givlni^ udditlonul nid to public 8cbtK>lp, or to incur deljt and issue 
bonds Such governing authority shall call nn election for either purpose 
m named when requestetl to do so by a petition of one-fourth the proi>erty tax- ' 
payers eligible to vote In said election. Uesideiit women taxpayers abul! 
hjivc the right to vote at all such elections without registration. 

In the event that the said election shall result In favor of the proposition 
to levy tJie special tax. or to Issue negotiable bonds, the governing authority 
shall levy the said 8i>ecial tax or shall Incur the debt and Issue the bonds 
so authorized; provided the total rate of taxation shall not exceed the con- 
stitutional limit* and provl^bd that -the whole amount of all Imnds Issued by 
any snbdivislou shall not exceed 10 \yer cent of the as.'*essed value of the bald 
subdivision. * . 

The gpvemlng authority of any subdivision Incurring debt and iMuIng' 
bonds as, herein provided shall aunuully. In addition to other taxes, leyy a 
tax sufficient to pay the interest und prlnc^il on »dd Iwuds becoming due 
during the ensuing year. 

This act does not apply to ipe city of New Orleans, nod will not go into 
effect unlesy and until the broposed amendment to section 2S1 of the con- 
stitution (see Act No. 197) is adopted by the t>eople of the State. 

* ' ’ Act No. 25d. July 7* 1910. 

The amendment to which reference U made In the last paragraph was 
ratified by the people Nov. 8. 1910. 

Maryland: Knlpowerlng the mayor oud city council of Baltimore to issue the 
stock of said corporation to an amount not exceeding ^l.fiOO.OOO for the pur- 
' pose of acquiring school sites and the construction or reconstruction of school 
buildings when so authorized by a majority pf legal voters at nn election. 

5:h. 02. Apr. 6. 1910. 

Michigan: Amending an act relating to the bonded. indebtedness of school dls- 
. tiicts. 

*nte maximum of such indebtedo^ess shall not exceed 10 [Instead ot*t] per 
cent of the assessed valuation ot the district* and shall not exceed $100 
[Instead of $7S1 per capita qf the school pbpulntJon iu districts having more 
than 100 census children. No. 12.^Mnr. 14. 1911. 

Minnesota: Authorizing certain cities having more than 50*(X)0 inhabitants to 
issue bonds not exceeding $S00*(X)6 for hlgb’School buildings and sites, there- 
for. Ch. llT. Apr. 10. 1911. 

Minnesota: Authorizing certain cities coatolnlqg over 60.000 tuhsbltaots to 
!S8U^ bonds not exceeding $900,000 for graded-achool buildings atid sites 
therefor* Ch. 118, Apr. 10. 1911, 

Blinnesota: Authorising certain cities coatolnlngjover 60.000 inhabitants, to 
iBSue bonds for $1,0(X>,000 for the purpose of acquiring sites and cbnstmcdng 
buUdingrfor high schools. Ch. Apr. 20, 191t 

10B$4*--aS— ‘T : • * ' w 




EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION AND DECISIONS. 


HinnesoU: Limiting the debt-making power of achool districts situated wholly 
of in part within cities having a populatton of 60,000 or more. 

Such districts shall not issue bond»or other evidence of Indebtedness unless 
flm authorized by a two-thirds voter of the legislative body of the city 
within which the school district Is situated in whole or in part. ' 

Ch. 363, Apr. 20, 1911. 

MinnesdU: Amending an act relating to bonds 'for school sites and buildings 
In cities of more than 60.000 inhabitants. 

Extends the time lu which such \mn\s (toy $1,000,000) may be issued and 
raises the maximum rate of interest from 4 to 4*i per cent. 

Ch. lk)8, Apr. 18, 1911. 

Blinnesota: Exempting from taxation nil municipal and school district bonds. 

^ Ch. 242, Apr. 18, 1911. 

Hisslssippih The county board of supervisors may Issue bonds of a county 
outside of separate districts, of a super\isor’s district, or a school district, for 
building purposes for the territory involved. 

On petition of a majority of taxpayers of any public-school district, the 
board of supervisors may levy tax on that district for fuel and incldestnl ex- 
penses for school district* ch. 159, Feb. 10, 1912, * 

Mlssoari: Reiatln* to method of voting on sale of bonds. 

S. B. 403. p. 305. Mar. 30, 1011. 

♦Missouri (1909) : Question of incurring an indebteilness for school purpose 
held not to embrace more than one subject.— State ex'rel. school dist of 
Memphis r. Gordon. State auditor, 122 S. W., 1008. 

♦Wssonri (1909) : Order of board of dire<-tors of city sc*ho<)i district providing 
for the submission of question of borrowing money to im election held insuffi- 
cient for failing to specify place of elwtlon. 

School board authorized by voters to purchase site for erection of new 
schoolhouse not authorized to use money from sale of bonds to erect new 
schoolhpuse on old sita — Martin et nl. r. Bennett et al., 122 S. IV.. 779. 

•Missouri (1910) : A school (DstrlotGield to be.a (pinsi public corporation 

Accepting a bid for school Iwrids before registration held not in violation of 
Htv. Stot. 1900, sec. 1276. . 

The submission of the proposition to vote school-district bonds held to bm of 
a single proposition, nlUiongh tbe amount received for the bonds was to be ex- 
pended for various purposes. 

Under Const.. Art. 11. secs. 1. 3 (Ann. Stat, lOOfl. pp. 200, 297^ and Rev' 
Stat 18OT, ^a .0774, 07T5 (Ann. Stat., 1906, p. 4485), the proposition sub- 
mitting to the people the Question of voting bonds for school pur[>oses is not 
rendered voidable by uniting proposed expenditures for white children with 
those for negro cblldreo. 

Under Rev. Stat. 1809, seca 0752-0764 (Ann. SUt., 1006, pp 4472-44741 
and I.«W8 1901, p. 62 (Ann. Stat. 1906, sec. 6167'), now Rev. Stat 1909 sec’ 
1240, the narration of purpose for which certain school-district bonds were 
Issued held to be sufficient 

TtJnder Rev. Stat 1899, sec. 0762 (Jfhn. Stat, 1906, p. 4472), n school district 
held authori^ to vote bonds for the purpose of furnishing a heating plant 
for an old school building. — State ex rel. Carrollton sch. dlst No 1 twn M 
r. 28, V. Gordon, State aud.,- 133 8. W., 44. • ’ 

Montana: Increasing to $260,000 the amount of . bonds which may bo .issued in 
“ counties of first and second classes for buildings, sites, etc., for county high 
•*“*’*• - 11 • • Cb. 71, Mar. 2, 1911. 


Neysaa; Autborlsing t^ Issuance by school district trustees of Interost-bearlng 
tranants in emergenclea. 

^nch Interert-l^rlng warranu shall not exceed the cost of maintaining 
m siwoou for ^ corrcnt year, nor exceed 1 pdr cent of the taluattou of 




T 


r • LOCAL FINANCE AND SUPPORT. 99 

Uie district. ^Before issuing the first of such warrants a special district tax 
shall be levied sufficient to pay such warrants In three years. ' \ 

Ch. 168, Mar. 23. imi. 

New Jersey: An act to authorize cities to issue bonds to fund their floating 
indebtedness incurred for. the maintenance and support of schools. 

Ch. 2i)6, Apr. 12, 1010. 

New Jersey: Relating to the sale of school bonda 

" 1. Tso school bonds shall be sold at private sale to persons other than the 
trustees of the school fund or to the sinking-fund commissioners foV the sup- 
pprt of public schools, unless such trustees or sinking-fund cdmmisslonera have 
refused to buy them. No school bonds shall be signed, setiled, or delivered 
except within this State. No school bonds shall be delivered to any purchaser 
Other than the trustees for the support of public scTiools except upon payment 
within the State in cash or by certified check drawn to the order of the 
custodian of school moneys for the full purchase price" 

Ch. 235, Apr. 27, 1911, • 

New Jersey: A supplement to an act to establish a thorough and efficient 
system of free schools, etc., approved October 10, 1903. 

School bonds may be cither coupon or registered bonds, or both. School 
districts may sell, bonds texthe trustees for the support of public schools with- 
out advertisement. Ch. 214, Apr. 9, 1910. 

New Jersey: An net validating proceedings for the issuance of bonds by school 
districts. 

« 

Cures certain technical defects in such proceedings. 

Ch. 4, Mar. 1910. 

New Jersey: School district bonds shall be payable in not over 30 years. 

The total amottnt of bonds shall not exceed 3 per cent of tax valuation. 

Ch. 259, Mar. 28, 1912. 

New Jersey: The schoftl bonds of townships, incorporated towns, or borough 
school districts must bo payable In not more than 30 years. May be regis- 
tered or coifpoiT. The whole amount of bonds outstanding shall not exceed 8 
per cent of the vnhiation. Ch. 399, Apr. 15, 1912, 

New Jersey: Increasing bond limit from 3 to 3i i>er cent. 

City hoard of education submits statement of needs to the board of school 
estimate. That Itoard fixes amount and makes t\yo certificates, one fbr the 
board of education and th^other for th# county council. The county council 
may appropriate the amount from taxation, or may issue bonds for same. 
Limit, 3 per cent on valuation of taxable property. 

In case of necessity of reidaclng or repairing building destroyed or dam- 
aged by fire, the hoad limit may be fhereased to 3J per cent valuation, " 

Ch. 57. Mar. 11, 1912. 

Neiy^Mexloo: Kvery school district, whether organized under the linme of 

. “ school district " or ** Imard of odiicntloh," shall hnve i>ower to borrow money 
^ build and furnish such buildings aud buy grounds. The proposition xpust 
be>submitted to quaHtted electors nud approved by a majority of those voting^ 
Limit of debt, 0 per cent [was 4 per centl'Of assessed valuation. • 

Does not repeal old law [except conflict], which provided for bonds. 

This taw seems only to make authority more definite In relation to all dis- 
tricts,' and to Increase limit from 4 to 6 per cent Ch. 13, May 29, 1912. ^ 

New Tork: Amending the State finance law In relation to the* educatioii fond. 

The comptroller [Instead of county 'loan commtsslonersT Invest all 

* moneys belonging to the ITnlted States deposit fn^ Moneys received by the 
dald commissioner^ Jn payment of loans previously made by them from this 

• fund shall be p«M Immediately into the State treasury. 

• Ch. 201. Apr. 29, 1910. 



100 


EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION AND DECISIONS, 


New York: Authorizing the city of BuCfiilo to Usill bouds for the purchase of 
lands and the construction and equipment of new school buildings. 

Ch. 106. May 6. 1011. 

New York; Authorizing the city of Buffalo to issue bonds in sums not exceed- 
ing $100,000 for the punx>se of improviug playgrounds in sjiid city and ac- 
quiring additional lands theijefor. Ch. 158. May 20. 1011. 

New York: Bonded debt to be apportioned If a uew district Is createtl. 

Ch. Apr. 12, 1012. 

♦North Carolina (1911): The constitutional re^jtrictious as to municipal in- 
debtedness and the exorcise of powers granted s|)ecial itublic quasi corix>ra- 
tlons such as school dKricts must be observed.. 

Payment of bouds issued by a towu gradetl-scbool district held euforceuble 
by means of taxation.— Eilis r. Trust of Gr. Sch. of Oxford, 72 9. E.. 2. 

Ohio: Amendiug section 5660 of General Code which provides that no exi>endi- 
ture or resolution for the expenditure of money can be made unless it has 
been properly certified that the money required is In the treasury to the 
credit of the fund from which It is to be drawn, by the further provision 
that ’‘money to be derived from lawfully autbori/.ed bonds add and In 
process of delivery shall, for the purpose of this sect! Si, be deemed In the 
? treasury and in the appropriate fund.” H. B. 197. Mar. 29. 1910. 

Ohio: An net to promote the sale of county, city, and city school district bonds 
and to safeguard the purchases thereof by indorsing thereon a certificate at- 
testing the genuineness of the slguatures thereto, sigiie^l by a registrar legally 
authorized and qualifieil to act therein. Authorizing the^^nuthorlty who is.sues 
*aaid bonds to employ said registrar, and itrovldlng for comi>ensntlon of said 
registrar out of funds of the county, city, or city-school district, treasury, or 
fund benefited by sale of such bouds. . S. B. No. 183, May 17. 1010. 

Ohio: See B (d). ^ 

Oklahoma: Relating to the Issuance of warrants and cortiflcntes of indebted- 
ness; providing manner and llndt^pf Issuance of any nuinidpality (including 
school districts); method of registration an<I payment; providing penalties 
for issuing warrants, evidences of liwlebteducss In any form in excess of the 
estimates made and npprovetl for the fiscal year or authorized by a bond 
issue. Ch. 89. Mar. 15. 11)11. 

♦ CAIahoma (1910): L'udor Harrison act, sec. 4. held that acceptance *and 

use of articles by officers of a school district in the territory created no lia- 
bility against the district.— Superior Mfg. Co. v. Sch. Diet. No. 63. Kiowa Co., 
114 Pac., 328. » ^ 

♦ Oklahoma (1910) : Tinder Const. Art. 10. sec. 26. providing for a referendum 
of the question of the creation of indebtedness of a school district in excess 
of tDcome,^the prior acts of ti>t board of eduentton, prellmlnnry to the exer- 
cise of the referendum are not subject to the general provisions of the con- 
atUntlon and the laws vitalizing the same.— Bd. of Ed, of City of Snpulpa 
et aL V, McMahan, 1 10 Pac., 907. 

♦Okl^oma (1910) : Framers of the constitution held to have i>o\ver to shift 
a school debt of a city of tlie Ant class to a new corporation created for the 
sole purpose of organizing au^^aintnlnlng a school system. 

Beards of education In cities of the first cinss have laiwer to levy and 

'^qoUect taxes to pay Indebtedness incurred for school puriioses. — Grennan, Co. 
Treas, et al. Carson et al., 107 Pdc., 025/ 

♦ Pesmtylvaina{(10Q9) : Land set aside by a second-class city for •erection of 
bulMlng for educational purposes by a charitable trust held, exempt from 
mechanic’s lleti for labor performed or materials fuirnlsbed. — Henry Taylor 

^ ^l^umber Oo, e. Oarneipe last etal, 74 At, 867. 


1 


LOCAL FINANCE AND 8UPPOBT.' 


101 


• Pcnnsflyania (1910) ; Under act of. April 22, 1905 (P. L. 207), hvtd that any 
deficiency in appropriation for school pxirposes by a city, where the appro- 
priation is accepted and the account between the city and the board of Qu- 
estion settletl, Is not a debt of the Mty to be considered In determining the ^ 
city’s borrowing power under Const., art. 0, seCj S. — Elliot- v. City of Phila- 
delphia et al„ 78 At, 107. ’ ‘ • 

* 

Porto Rico; Amending sectio# 64 of the codified school law of Porto Rico, 
approred Mar. 12, 1903. 

Authorizes school boanls to levy tax for the payment of IndebletlnesB lo- 
curre<i in constructing schoolbotises; authorizes territorial treasurer to with- 
hold funds from jnchool boards to meet obligations contracted by them. 

♦ Act 2, Keb. 23, 1011. 

Porto Rico: Authorizing municipalities, school boards, and other dei>eudencie8 
to uia’ke certain provisions in ordinances enacted for the purpose of obtaining 
loans from the insular govenmient or issuing bonds.- Act 53, Mar. 9, 1911. 


South Carolina: Exempts from State, county, and municipality taxation, city, 
county, and school -district Imnds. * No. 385, Feb. 20, 1912. 

[No governor’s sig.] 

j South Dakota: Amending sections 101, 102, and 1G9 of chapter 135 of the laws 
of J907. . * 

Adds to cities' of the first class all cities under commission form of govern- 
ment having a population of 10,(K)0 or over which may Issue bonds for certain 
purposes. Ch. 139, Feb. 7, 1911. 

* South Dakota (1910) ; A tax levy may be deducted from the indebtedness 
' incurred by a school district in estimating whether it has exceeded the limit 
fixed by Const., art. 13, sec. 4.-^ 

. School disltict voters by authoring a bond issue of $7,000 for a school 
site and building held not to thereby ttnpHedly forbid the exi>enditure of more 
than that amount. — McCarnck i\ lottBcb. Dist. of Florence. 127 N. W., 476. 

Tennessee: Authorizing school iKtards in cities having a population of 130, 0(X) 

or mofe to issue bonds of $250.(XX) for school sites and buildings, i 

Applies to city of Memphis. Ch. 480, Private Acts, June 30, 1911. | 

Tennessee: Authorizing the county of Uamtlton^ to Issue bonds for $135,000, j 

not less than $125,000 of which shall be used in erecting, funftshing, and ' | 
equipping school buildings. Ch. 189. Private Acts, Mur. 28, 1911. | 

Tennessee: Authorizing the county of Shelby* to issue $100,000 of bonds for j 
the purpose of purchasing sites, erecting nud equipping buildings for the West - i 
Tennessee State Normal School, legated in sold county. : 

Ch. 88. Private Acts, Feb. 16. 1911. j 

Tennessee: Authorizing the county of Shelby to issue $200,000 of bojj|dB for 

the purpose of building, furnishing, and equipping scboolbou^ id said c^unty^. ‘ . J 

' Ch. 04, Private ActA Feb.. 14, 1911. ' | 

I 

Tennessee: Ai^orizing the quarterly county courts of the several coiratles of _ j 
the State, exceptyln counties of 190.000 population or over according to the 
Federal census of 1910. or any subsequent Fetieral census, to issue nud sell 
couiK)n bonds to purebak school pmperty and school sites; to erect, furnish, 

' equip, and repair school buildings; and to fix the denominations of said bonds, 
and to provide for payment of the interest on the same, and for a ailing 






VZ EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION AND^ 4KCISIOK8. 

fund with which to reUre the s&me, and to provide a method of loaning said 
alnklng^und; and further provldlnj- for the dlstrlbiitJon of the money raised 
by the sale of said bonds between the counties und cities. 


V-pU. 




* Texas (1910): Power of school -district taxpayers to levy u tax for school 
purposes and the Issue of bonds stateil. 

In independent-school districts, elections to determine the quest ions of 
Issuing bonds and sj>eclul taxation should be ordered by the scliooi trii.stees 
Election to authorize tax for school purposes Is not void bcH ini.^e order ami 
notice of such election failed lo state the rate.— ItascuUnd. Srh' Dint et *il r 
McEIroy et al., 124 S. W., 1011. ... 


•Texas (1910): Under the Dallas city charter the board of nliK-ntlon held 
without power to submit to the people the question of raising money or the 
issuance of bonds for any iturjwse. 

A representation by tlie board of education of Dallas after the ordering of 
an election for the issuance of bonds for school pnriwses held not to control 
its action In disbursing the funds (♦l)t.iined by the issuance of the bonds ap- 
proved at the election.— Ardrey et nl. r. Zang. 127 S. W., 1114. 

•Texas (1910): Under Acts 31st Leg. ch, 12. secs. 78, 154, held imnmtcrial 
that elections for school-maintenance tax and for issuance of boml.'i wcmt IieM 
separately. . 

Failure of board of trustees of indepomlont school district to comply with 
law us t© appointment of board of etiuallzatlon and ns to making out 8ei>arate 
tax roll held to Invalidate tax for maintenance and for payment of bond — 
Chambers et al. r. Cook et al., 132 S. W., 805. / ‘ 

•Texas (1910): If net of March 5. 1907, creating *nn Indepemlent school dis- 
trict and authorizing the collection of an <'*xccssi\e school tux for payment of 
Its bonds in violation of Const,, art. 7, sec. 3. innkea the school district itself 
and Its bonds invalid, nevertheless such organization and tiomls are cured bv 
amendment to ConsU art. 7, sen's. 3. 3a. making vali<l all districts theretofore 
created and their bonds. — Hutchinson et al. v. ratchlng et nl., 120 8. W.. 1107. 

Virginia; An act to amend nud reenact an act approved February 25, IIKH 
etc., relating to scliooUllHlrUt bunds for Mie pnrptise <tf ert^ng and furnish- 
ing schoolbouses. 


Issue to be determined by a unijority of the qunlifieil voters of any such 
district voting: the bonds to be rwieeniabic nt such time after their dote as 
may be si)ecifled In the bonds (Instead of^ct any time iiftcr fire yearn). y 

CU. 184, Mar. 14, 1910.' 

Virginia; Relating to the assessment for local taxation of the rolling stock of 
rallrpad corporations. ’ - ^ 

The receipts from taxation of such property shnll not nil accrue to the 
counties, cities, towns', and school districts in which the principal offices of 
such corporations are respectiveVj* located [ns in the past]. Instead, 25 i>er 
cent shall accrue to such counties, citlps, towns, and school districts,’ and 76 
per cent shall accrue to the counties, cities, towns, and school districts 
through which the roads pass. 

[Th^ effect will be to Increjise receipts of rural school districts through 
w^jlch the railroads pass.] ^ ch. Mar. 32, 1932. 

Washington: ?rovldln^ that nt speclnl elections held in cities for determining 
any proposition to Incur municipal Indebtedness, the polls shall be opened and 
jlosed at the satpe hour as at special elections. Oh. 31, Mar. 0, 1011. 

Washington: Amending sections 4610. 4613, 4616, and 4621 of Remington and 
Ballinger's AnnotJtted Goto and Statutes, relating to the bonds of school 
^ districts. * Ch. 88, Mar. 14, 1911, 

West Virginia: Amending and reenacting section 39 of chapter. 46 of the Code, 
relating |;o the issuing of bonds by school districts ' and independent school 
dlitrIcCs. , . 


^ , 


Etopowers all districts to Issue bonds; formerly only districts having a city 
Of tPTO with 800 sdiooKpopidhtlon hkd such 1 


m. L6CAL JtNANCE AND SUPPOBT.' - ' 103 

^Wisconsin: A4itborizlug cities of tbe first class to negotiate a loan for the 
purposeof creating an insugance fund for school buildings. 

/ . ^ Ch. 629, July 10, 1911. 

Wisconsin:. Amending sections 258d, 2G1, and 203 of the statutes, relating to 
the loaning of school and other trust funds to school districts, towns, villages, 

cities, and counties. Ch. 363. June 15, 1911. 

* 

Wisconsin: Creating subsection 2m of section 103S of the statutes, providing 
for the exemption from tax nl Ion of county, town, city, village, and school ^ 
bonds. Ch. 616, July 3, 1911. 

Wisconsin: Creating subsection 4 of section 553c of the statutes, authorizing 
county boards to issue bonds for the purpose of establishing and improving 
county schools of agriculture and domestic economy. Ch. 429, June 21, 1911. 


C. (c) Local (County, District, Municipal) Taxation for School 

Purposes, 


. Bee also A{e) and (/). 


Arizona: Bee B (d). 


Colorado: Amending section 581)5 of the Revised Statutes, relating to district 
taxation. . « . 

Raises the maximum levy for “ si>ecial-school tax ” from 16 to 20 mills in 
districts of the third class, Ch. 206, May 28, 1911, 


GfH)rgia: An act to amend an act to jnxjvlde for the creation and operation of 
local tux district schools, etc. . 

By concurrent consent and action the boards of education of t^ or more 
adjoining counties may lay off and define school districts \CItho)rfVfgard to 
county lines. *4'he board of education, of the county In which the schoolhouse' 
Is located shall have supervision of the same. Act 633, Aug. 15, 1910, ' 

Georgia: Relating to the collection of past-due taxes of ^be county boards of 
education or other school autho>ItIes authorized to levy taxes for school 


purposes. No, 471, Aug, 13, ItJlO, 

C^orgiar Providing a method of asseMlng and collecting certain school taxes. 

No. 474, Aug. 13, 1910. 

* Georgia (1910) : A townl!uiving power under Its charter to establish n public- 

school system by taxation, but without any provision for siiluuisslon of the 
Question to the voters, can not levy n tn.x for such purpose. — Brooks et al. o. 
Town of IjOganvIlle et al., 67 S. E., 940. ’ • 

* Idaho (1911) : I>eglfllature held to have authority under the^constltutlon to 
require comity board to levy tax of noMass than 6 uor more than 10 mills on 
the dollar»for school iiurposes,— Fenton v. Board of Coln’rs of Ada Conuty, 
110 P., 41;. I^det>endent School Diet. No. 1 of Kootenai County v. Board of 
County Com’rs., 119 P., 41. 


*IllinoiH (1000) : A certificate of levy for faxes for building purposes held sus- 
ceptible of amendment ns stated. — People ex vel. Cooley r. Toledo, St L. A* 
W. Uy. Co., 00 N. E., 366. 

* lllltioU (1900): An objection In proceedlnga to obtain Judgment for impoid 
taxes, that the rate for a district-school rax was excessive, held properly 
overruled. — People ex rel. Rea, Co. TreUs., v. Cairo, V. A C. Ry. Co. ot nt, 
00 N. B., 730. 


* Indiana (1011) i Where a taxpayer could sue to enjoin (he enforcement of 
anJltegab contract between a school city and a heating comimny, his motive 
liHiO doing held immat(U*ta].~Nobledt at t(« P^iaon, 06 E., 



104 ^ 


EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION AND DECISIONS.. 


0 


Indiana: Hee M ((). 

Kansas; Raising from 6 to 9 mills the maXtmum limit of taxation for schools 
In dtles of the second class with a valuation of le^ than $1,000,000. 

Ch. 265. Mar. 14. 1911. 

Kansas; Antliorlilng boards of education of cities having between 7.000 and 
10.500 liihabltaiita to lev^v a tux not exceeding 2 mills for sites and buildings. 
If approved at election. oh. 115. Feb. 21. 1911. 

Kansas: Limiting tax lev.v In certalu cities of the second class for library 
fund to A mill. Ch. 112. Mar. 13. IDl 1. 

Kansas: Relating to annual sehool levtee. 

"-blch shall equal and not 
'i i! ’I IXT ll>e amount certified hy the 

district clerk; maximum levy. 4J mills. Ch. 271, Miir. 13, 1911. 

Kansas: Authorizing school di.strivts to rewUid action In voting tax for school 
building in lino and to refund moneys so collected, provided no obligation 
has been Incurred apiiust such levy. ^ Cb. 324, Jan. 19. iDll 

Kansas: Sec M (d) and N («). 

Kentucky: The boards of o<l neat ion of graded schools oi>erntiMg umler special'' 
charters may levy a rhinill tax for nialnteunuce (some were not heretofore 
permitted to levy that much). cji, 75^ 14^ 1912. 

•Kentucky (1910): The annual cciirnty-scbool lax held a part of the eouiitv 
levy, and the sheriff colIocMng it can only charge his pnv therefor ngalust the 
sSll3l'’s' ‘""''“‘•'••-■"'•■"'T Co. Bd. of Ed. a. Jones, Ex 

* Van-” ?*''' ■ ^470 (Russell's 

Stat.. secs.^l40i. 1410, 1414, 141o). held that the general coimcll of a cl y of 

the third class can. not refuse to lev.v a suftlelentvtax to cover a legal estimate 
of money needed hy the hoard o( (diica Ion.— Hd. of Ed.- of City of Bowling 
Green r. Townseud, Mayor, et nl.. 130 S. W., 1105. , ^ ^ 

* Hont"v-'7'iyj”\?iii "?'■ lu Connection with sec- 

tlons l.tT, 183, held to hefer to poll taxes ImpostMj for purposes other than the 

maintenance of coinmoTusohofdH. . lue 

. t" chnnge the principle tlint poll tiJIteg may be* 

. levied for Mhool pnr|>o^s In addition to t!io.se levliHl for generrfl county nnr- 
poses.— -Mclu tire et al. v. rgwell, sheriff, 120 S. \V., 1087. 

* Kentucky (lDl2) : t.iuler Toftst. sec. 170, held that a laimdrx^.wntenrofks 

system, printing (iepartment. cooperative stove, and hotel nsflbs adlunctH 
to n college were exempt from taxation.— Commouwealth by Fei^ll Revenue 
Agt., V. Herea College. 147 S. -W., 929. . • ® 

•Kentucky (1910) : The nmninl county-school ,tnx Is n part of the county levy • 
and the sheriur, ns collector, can not treat H separately In estimating Vis com- 
mission for collecting the county levy. 

..kJ*!? **’.?'■*? «uu8t Pny over the whole sum collected for school purposes to 
^“™tlon and enn not retail) a part thereof as compensation 
for collecting, in view of Const, sec, l80. 

. The sherKTs commlMlons for cqjlectlng school taxes must be allowed by 
w't'ewent^tB it, and can not te allowed by the 
board of education.— Hill v. Bd. ot BQ. of Lincoln Co!, ^30 8. W., llOOt • 

rionlsiana; Joint resolution propo^jLn amendment jlo the cvnstlhitloh of 
^ State of Louisiana relative to th?7evylng of a tax\)f not less than 3 mills 
Wthedbllar by parishes, cities, or towns, for the support of the public schools 
■ of the State. 

^ ' j ■ * . 

‘ ■ Juries of the several parishes, and boards of trustees and 

mnnliJWl councils of Incorporated cities and towns (the Parish of Orleans 

t««i-0Ter to the parli* scho6l hearts for 


LOCAL FINANCE AND SUPPORT. 


105 


to levy on each dollar of nsset’sed vn I nation, unless the parish school boards 
certify that thye needs of the schools cari be met by n smaller levy of such 
taxes.’* * ^ 

The foregoing amendment to the constitution slmll be subinitted to the 
voters of the State at the congressional election In November, 1010.* 

Act, 257. T. 1910. 

* Lonislana (1910) : Special school taxes may be voted and levied at any time 
on the aKsessment of (ho current year.— Argyle Planting & Mfg. Cd. (Ltd.), t\ 
Connoly, sheriff, et al.. 51 So.. 

* Lonislana (1011) : >ientit>n of a levy of the 3-miIl school tax must be made 
in the budget of Uie irrlsh taxes.— Howcott r. Smart, State & Parish tax. col- 
lector, et nl, 54 So.. 580. 

* Maine (1012) : Pub. i.,!v\vs 1000. ch. 177. authorizing taxation fpr common- 
Hcliool purpo.'^ea, /irtil not invalid on the theory that the town. can relieve itself 
from local taxation for pur])Ose.s other than schopl pnrimses. 

Pnh. Ijiws, 1000. ch. 177. authorizing taxation for common-school purposes, 
/tcfd not violative of Const, art. 8. bei-ause sec. 0 of the acts permits suras 
rweive<l from the State under distribution to be raised by the municipalitieB 
within Rev. Stot.. ch. 15. sec. 13, as amended by Pub. T.*nws, 1909. ch. 128. 

Const, art. 8. whldi provides that the legislature shall require the several 
towns to make suitable provision nt their own exiwnse for the support of 

> public schools, is mandatory, and not prohibitory; there being no remedy on 
the legislature (ailing or refusing to legislate. 

The word “snltnhlo.” within Const, art. 8, which requires the legislature to 
reipiire towns to make suitable provision for common schools' nt their own 
ex|>en8e is an elastic term, dependent upon the necessities of changing times 
and subject to the legislature’s discretion to determine what Is suitable. 

Pub., I.jiw'8. 1909. cb. 177, authorizing general State taxation for common-, 
school purposes, is not unconstitutional, because under the practical workings 
of the act the towns of the State arc not required to raise a uniform amount 
l>er capita. — Kny et al. r. Rd. of EM. of Kearney et al., 83 At.; 954. 

Maryland: Au horizing the board of county school commissioners of Anne 
Arundel County to build additional schoolhoyses and authorizing the county 
cotnmisHioners of Mid county to make n special annual levy.for the same. 

Maximum levy to be 5 cents per $100. 

Lows 1910. p. 540, ch. 552 ; date of approval or pa reage not stated. 

Maryland; Amending chapter 000 of ^sslon laws, 190S, by lowering the tdx' 
levy froni 30 cents to 28 cents per $100 to defray the expenses of public-school 
’system of Baltimore County and by raising the additional tax levy- from 
3 cents to 0 cents i>er $100 for erection of new school buildings, furnishings, 
ropfdrs, additions, heating plnnfVi, and sanitary improvements to school build- 
ings now' or hereafter erected In said county. Ch.lO, Mar. 11, 1910. - 

Maryland r Providing for an annual levy by board of county commireioners of 
Allegany County for the purpose of raising funds for the maintenance of the 
public, school's of said county, and for the erection of new school buildings In 
said county. ^ ’ 

Maximum levy 30 cents p6r $100 for maintenance, unless the county com- 
nflssldtters approve an additional tax, and 4 cents per $100 for erection 
bO^^. / Ch. 47, Mhr. 3L 1040. 

* Maryland (1910) : Duty of ^x)onty commissioners to levy a tax to pay In- 
creased salaries of pubUc-school teachers under acts 1908, ch. 035, held 
mandatory, * 

The board of school commissioners under Cods 1904, art. 77, secs. 8, 24, 25, 
held the proper parties to demand of county commlsslonera performance of 
their obligation to levy a tai^ to pay increased school-teachers’ salaries. 

Since under acts 1000. ch.. 404. no appeal could- be taken from county com- 
missioners* orden refu^ng Xo levy taxes, for increased salaries of pubUc- 
teachers, trader ache 1908; cdi; 686, the duty was enfdiceable 


106 


tottcational legiblaxiok and decisions. 


Co. Com’rs. of Worcester Co. v. Bd. of Co .Sch Conrrs 
Worcester Co., 77 At., 005. 


of 


pnbllc echooj districts containing betwcon 20,000 nnd 
no,^ Inhabitants (Winona only) to levy a school tax of not exceeding 11' 
® ®' y ' Ch. 24, Mur. 14, 1911. 

Minnesota: Regnlnting tax levies In school districts organise,’! under speci:(! 

. law and containing a populotfon less than 3,000. 

Such districts may levy 20 mills for gencnH 'school purposes. - 

^ Cb. 23i Apr. 18. ion. 

Ml8sLs.si^pl:^n act to amend section 4531. chapter 125. of the Mlsals.s|p,,l 
Code of 1900. so ns to provide for the asse.s.sn»nt^ property 1, rural sepa- 
rate school districts. 

' surh“(llstric't^‘‘^ of property In 

suen aismcts. Ch. ' 217 , Apr. 2, 1910. 

Mississippi: County nmlltors. city clerks, clerks of .separate school districts 

etc., shall report aummlly U, the Slate auditor of pnhilc acomuts concerniug 

taxes levletl and iiniJunt oxitcnded. rtf. ch. Mar. 10 10r» 

Mississippi: Kelntlijg to taxation In snuarate tlisiricU. 

Omits provision tlint consent of majority of taxpayers shall beMie<‘eMSJirv to 
levy tax in excess of 3 mills. oii. lilO. Keh 27 

Missouri: Relating to incr<*ased tnx levy for erwting Hchoolhouse.s. 

Apparently supplies a verbal oml8sI<iu. H. p. Mar. 27, li)ll 

Nebraska: Raising the maximum limit of school taxation, exclusive of scliool- 
bond taxes, In incori)onUtNl cities from 25 l«> 3r> mills. Cl^ 123, Apr. 7, Ittll, 
Nevada: Sre A (a). 

New Jersey: An act to amend an act to’' establish a thorough aa<l officiont 
system of free public schools, etc., approvotl Oct. 19, 1913. 

Change' In procedure In levying s(>eclul district tuxes. Cortifirate that n 
special tax has f>e<*n ordered In district meeting delivered by district clerk to 
TOunty board of taxation In.stead of to the nssossor of the taxing district 
' — CU. 2-12, Apr. 11, 1010. 

New Mexico: All receipts on account of dolinquept trxes accmlng prior to 
1911 (except taxes levied for State imrposes) shnjl be dividwl between the- 
county-rond fund and the county-school fund, In'dlscnMon ,^r the countv 
comtalsloners. . Ch. 77 . June 12. 1912. ‘ 

New^York: Amending the eiluciitlon law. 

Se# 411. A hewly of In ml lying In two or moro school districts shall bo 

thT^e/rMldM * contains that part upon which 

me owner resides. 22, 1910. 

New York: Amending tae clucntlon law in roliitlon to payment of unpaid 
school taxes from the county treasury. 

district troasarer If there be-such 
collector) the amount of the faxes retu^^ ns 
unpaid. . ^ . Ch. 512. Mny 13. 1910. 

North OaroUns:, Anthorlxlng any county to levy n special tax to supplement 
the county-school ffmd. 

“ special tax hot to exceed 3 mills and 90 
iwll to supplement the county-school fund. Upon petldoh of 
to the county coninflsslcmers shall onleV an election 

to determine whether such tax shall be levied. If tfie majority of tub oSml 

n Ih fhvor of afleh tax, the aame shall 'be 





107 


LOCAL FINANCE Aff^ SUf>POBT. 
^ * 


existing 8()ecinl-tax district wltliin said county, reduce the annual special 
local-tax levy of sold district by an amount not exceeding the special levy of 
said county. Ch. 71, Mur. 8, 1011. 

North Carolina: .i^n act to raise revenue. 

I^evles an annual ad valorem tax of 2 mills [instead of 1.8 mills] for public 
schools. Ch. 46, Mar. 

Ohio: Sec B (d). 

Oregon: Ualslng the county-tjii levy,^or e^hool purposes to such an amount 
as will aggregate \tn amount of $8 [instend of $7] per capita of population 
lietweeii the ages'^f 4 and 20 years; provlde<l that the i>er' capita amount so 
levied in any county aUaJI not be less thiiu the per capita amount of the 
school tiix levlo^ In the couuty for the year 1010. Ch. 84r Feb. 17, 1911. 

PeiinsylTanJa: See i4 (a). ^ # 

• Pennsylvania (1912) ; After the passage of the act of May 18, school boards 
in levying school taxes for the year 1811 were bound to levy ^em In nword- 
ance with the School (\Hle, and not with the liiw as It existed prior to the 
■aitproval of such code.— Stevenson v. Henderson et al., 83 At., 295. 

South Carolina: An act to nniend section 1208, Code of Laws, 11)02, etc. • 

Increases the maximum Umlt of special tax in school districts frpm 4 to’ 8 
mills. Act 398, Feb. 1910. 

South Carolina: '"Providing for the levy of taxes for county and school pur- 
IKiPoa for the tlscnl year beginning. Jun. 1, 1911. 


I>evie8, pursuant to the constitution, a tax of 3 mHIs In’each county for 
school puritoses. j^ct No. 147, Feb. 18, 1911. 

* South Dakota (1910) : County treasurer held not entitled to 4 per cent com- 
misslon for collecting school* taxes. — Bd. of Ed. of Ind. Sch. DIst. No. 2 of 
Turner Co. t\ Tiiruer Co.. 127 N. W., 632. ^ , 


♦ Texas (1910) : The levy of a tax by a school district of 75 cents on the flOO 

valuation of proi>erty heUl void as In excess of the 20 cents on the ?100 au- 
thorizo<l by (J^oifet., art. 7, sec. 3. — Hutchinson et al. v. Patching et al., 129 
S. W.. g53. . ' 

I’tahr aSVc A (c). 

Washington: .\uthorizlug sch^xil districts of the flVst class to create and 
maintain a permanent insurance fund to be used to meet los^s by Ore of the 
school property ot tlie district, and providing for the Investme'at of such 
fund., _ Ch. 79, Mar. 13, 1911. 

♦ Washington (1910) : A liquor llcensco held entitled to recover from a county 
tlie unearned part of n license fee paid to It under a license subsequently 
rendered Inoperative, though a part of such fee has passed to the several 
Hchmtl diHtrlcIs of the couuty after being paid over to the county-school fund. 
Bart V. Pierce Co., Ill Pac., 682. 


Wisconsin: Amending section 10 of .chapter 469 of the Inws of 1907, relating 
to school boards and cominbn and high schools In cities of the first doss, as 
amended by chapter 309, laws of 1909. by an act entitled, “An act to. amend 
soe46n 16 of chapter 469, laws of 1907, relating to school boards and commou 
and high schools in cities of the &rst class.” / 

Reduces from 4^ mills to 3 mills the amount which may be levied for 
school purposes. ' . Ch. 97, May 8. 1911. 

Wyoming; Fixing llmitatlpn on^onual city, town, county, and school-district 
tax levies. v ' ^ ^ ^ 

Cities and towns may not Increase levy sufficiently to produce, a sum more 
than 2 per cent greater than the sum produced by pifecedlng levy; county 
school levy fiiall not excp^ slx-ten.tliB^f 1 mUt; school dihtrlpt levy shall not 
, - exceed inUt% except favo^hle yoto. of *61 per cent of ^votds <»eft at an 



108 EDUCATIOITAL LKOISLATIOK Ain) DKCISlONa, 

D. BUILDINGS AND SITES, 


(a) General. 

8cc also C (6). 

• (1911) : No vnlld lien can arise in favor of material men or meolinnles 
sgnim a school building belonging to a municipal corjwratlon.— AeUia Iii- 
detnnlty Co. v. Town of C#mer, 70 S. K., 07G. 

Indiana; Providing for the coustrucUou, control, and maintenance of joint 
Bchoolbotisos by two or more school corporations. 

Any incorporateil town and surrounding township may. If approved at 
elwtion, Join to construct and control a building for a joint graded school or ' 
Joint high school, and the cost of such building shall be met by taxation nro 
rata in the town and townhslp. ^ 

Indiana: Authorizing the board of school trustees of ai^ city or toUm to sell 
property not required for school purposes. * 

Sale shall be at auction and price shall be npt less than Appraised value 
Previous sales are legalised. . ch. 01. Feb. 27, 19H. 

Indiana; Authorizing township 'trustees to use schoolhouses located In Incor- 
pomted^towns under certain conditions whenever such use isHendered by the 
^^°®*** Ch.85,Mar.2,19U. 

* Indiana (1912) ; To prohibit school corporation from erecting a new building 
on the Bite of the old one because within m feet of a raih-oad held to consti- 
tute a taRttgjit^^property.— Sch. Corp. of Andrews v. Helney, 98 N. E.,tbs. 

Mndiana 1912): Act Mar. 4. 1911 (Laws 1911. ch. 187), relative to the’c^^i- 
structlou of school buildings within f»4K) feet of steam railroads, held not to 
apply to construction of school building on a site on which a building had been 
passage of that act.-Sch. Corp. of Andrews v. 

Iowa; Providing a penalty for failure to pro^e signs showing the location 
of flre escapes. . 

Applies to school buildings of over three stories. Ch. 173, Apr. 12, 19li. 

Iow>9. Restricting to rural districts the right of reversion of a school site to 
former oWner in case of noQuser. 144 ^ 

Kansas; Relating to fire protection In public buildings. 

•^ Section 1. Every building now or hereafter used, lu whole or In nart as 
Bch^dlhouse ♦ • ♦ three or more stories In height, shall 
within 90 days, after the taking etfect of this act, be provided with one or 
more metallic ladders or stair fire escapes attached to the outside wall <hereof 
nnd extending from or suitably near the ground to the uppermost story thereof 
with platfor^ of such i^|>e and size and In such proximity to one or more 
windows of bach story above the first as to rend^^tccess to such ladders or ' 
^irs from each such story. easy nud safe; In oil cases a metallic ladder not • 
I 0 B 8 than 18 Inches be^een the skies, shall be made to. extend from the topmost 
piBtfonu to at least 8 /eet above the fire wall or roof; the number, location, 
anoterial. tind construction of such escapes to lie subject to the apnrovalTf 
the are mai^al, chief of th#,are department, cUy or town marshal, or such 
^ otbOT authority as may have the control of lire regulations in any city or town ■ 
where roch batldlngs are- located ; Provided, boicewr, That all bulldogs more 
ttmn two stories la height nsrt for ♦ dormltorimi. schools, or semlna- 
Tfc opmiish flr%.%Ma|)e ft>k every 80 persons or 

thereof for wbh* Working, sleeping, or living accommodations are 
provided alwvi the second story of said buUdlhg, If In the Judgment of the 
t|ie ^ department and the State superlntodent of 
llUBWCStwIlk is nncbflurvf i^.'hnUd* 


BtriLBIKOS AND SITES. 






109 , 




!n^ harlpg cement ^9Mp* floors, stairways. perdtionB, and fireproof roofs, 
the fire chief or fire marshal Bball designate and approve the number, kind, 
location, material, and construct ion of tire escai>es If in his judgment the 
same are required, having due regard for the inflamniubliity of the nature of 
contents of said building and the number of {leople enmloyed or residing 
therein, or occupying the same. In all cases of dispute annng in the enforce- 
ment of the provisions of this chapter, fire marshal or chief of the fire 
department may. if In his judgment he deems it necessary, refer such disputed 
matters4iTising in the enforcement of this chapter to the State superintendent 
of inspection, as provided in this act, whose decision In the matter abail be 
final. - • 

•• Sec. 2: It shall be the duty of every proprietor, custodian^ superintendent, 
or i>erson or persons having, the charge ami control o( such buildings men- 
tioned in this chapter to post botices under the direction of the fire marshal 
or chief of the fire department- in rooms aud^bails or In public and conspicu- 
ous places in such building, and designating the place on each and every 
floor ofi such building where such metallic ladders or fire escapes are located 
and may be found- 

’* Sec. 7. The;*pfoprletor, dessee. or manager of any of the buildings men- 
tioned in this act shall nt all times keep on eacb'fioor of said. building one or 
more chemical fire extinguishers, proiwrly charged and In good working order, 
as the fire marshal or chief of the fire department may direct, the same to be 
hung in a conspIcuouB place and easy of access to the occupants thereof; 
Provided, That with the approval of the fire marshal or chief of the fire 
department a standpipe and hose of proper size may be accepted la lieu of 
such extinguishers, or, If in bis judgment both are necessary, he m\y requifV' 
the same. * ♦ 

“ Sec. 8. It |thali be the duty of the chief of the fire department or other 
officers named In section 1 ot this act to visit ail of the buildings contemplated 
in his act at least once every six months and carefuHy ius|>ect such building, 
and report at once to the county attditney any failure to comply with or viola- 
tion of any of the provisions of this act. It shnli l>e the duty of the county 
. attoniey to at once proceed to 4 )rosecute all violators of any of the provisions 
of this act. 

“ Sec. 9. It shall be the duty of the chief of the fire department, or any 
other ofllcer named in this act, or any person or persons deputized to enforce 
the provisions of this act. to make a report Beminnnually, in writing, to the 
State factory inspector, ^ho shall ^ ex officio State sui>erintcndeut of In- 
8i>ection; such reports to be made in April and October of each year and to 
contain a fuH afiid correct statement of the oouditions of all the bnlidings 
built or under course of constructiou in bis Jarlsdictlon^Jhat come within the 
meaning of this act 

“ 10. The State factory inspector Is hereby empowered to enter npon 

and Aspect, or cause to be enter^ upon and inspected by his deiiuty, any 
building mentioned in this act, nod require surh changes or alterations as he 
may deem necessary to conform to the provisions o^^this act. ^ 

“Sec. 11. Should eemplulnt^ made to the Statelfactory Inspector by any 
citizen of the State of the failure of any of the above-named officers to comply 
with any of the provisions of this act. the State factory Ipjspector sball at 
once proceed to Investigate auch conuilaint. and if sufflciehtevidence can he 
obtained be shall at oiioe file a complaint agnliist auch oflScer with the. county 
attorney, who shall pros^ute the same uuder^the provisions of this act. 

“SBC. 12. Any person. conlf>kDy. or corponmon who shall fail, neglect, or 
refuse to comply with the provisions of thih act within 09 days after it be- 
comes a law'shail be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and shnli be subject to 
a fine of $10 per day for every day any auch person, company, or corporation 
shall continue in such failure, negle<^^ refusal. The owner, lessee, or pro- 
prietor of any building herein mentioned who sbali fall, neglect, or refuse to 
provide the fire ^Scapes herein provided for sbaii be Itablo^ for all dama^ 
sustained by any person by reason of the fallure'to provide such fire escapes; 
and any mmUctpellty which shall fail, refuse, or neglect' to enforce the police 
Inspection of such fire escapes, as herein provide^ abaU be liable for til 
damage so sustained by.gny person by thereof. * . ' 

“ Sec. 1$, Any clfief of a fire departmpnt^ inanhat;. or o^et of&cett as oon- 
tempkted by sectloh 1 of this act, Hhd falljs or relhAm to^^rfbhn 
as defined of iUU ot refine to - 


1 










110 


pUOATIONAI, LEGISLATION AWD DEOlSrON8. 


“i T thereof, ghall be deemed gtjllty of a mlade- 

fln,M nM I •“ any court of competent Jurisdiction 

anall be fined not less than $10 nor more than $100. 

In Laws Of 1909, und all acts or parts of acts 

In conflict herewith are hereby repealed.” ' Ch. 107, Mar. IL 1011 

K*naai: Enabling cities of over 40.000 population to purchase by condemnation 
or otherwise lands for building any school or hospital, or uuy auxilliary 
ttereof owned or controlled In whole or .In part by the State, and' to Issue 
bonds In payment therefor. . 

. • Such lands may be donated to the State. Ch. 83. Mar. 14, 1911. '' 

Ksnaaa: Eledlcating to the use of public schools and for the ere<;tlon of school 
buildings a certain tract of land In the city of Manhattan. 

f’h. 286. Feb. 13. 1911. 

Kentucky ; Authorizing county building school commissions. * 

ot 2^ householders the countv judge shall appoint 
a bulling school commission of four members with Jurisdiction over all the 
• architects, etc . Shall 

«nil furnishings; shall submit same to the 
h approved by said board, the commls.slon shall 

acquire land by purchase or condemnation and erect and fufnish school-’ 
hOTSM w approved Bonds may be voted by electors for said purpose ^ 

^ commission. iXproperty 

shall be vested In the npie of the county board of education. i’™peny 

Ch. 30, Mnr. 11, 1912. 

Kentucky: Authorizing the use of district sohoolhouses out of school hours 
for any lawful assembly of educational, religious agricultural, political, civic 
or social bodies. Ch. 67, Mar. 13. 1912. 

Massachnsetts: Schoolrooms, as.well as halls of school bulldluga, may Ik; used 
for public and educational meeUngs and admission fees may be charged. 
Mehns of egress must be approve by an ln.s|iector of public buildings before 

. Ch. 330, Mar. 25, 1012. 

Michigan: Provldlug a itfenalty.for failure to provide Are escapes for school- 
liouses, etc., when ordered by any factory Inspector. I^. 251, May 1. 1011. 
MirMssIppi: Restricts to leOD^the amount which may be apptirtloned to auv 
school for building purposes from the balances- rentalning In the county and 
separate district funds at the end of the year. Patrons of tfie public school 
receiving such funds must contribute to the building fund (Instead of the 
cou^trensurer) an amount equal to that received fmnj such balances. 

.Ch. 248, Mar. 15, 1912. 

Authorising the board of educaUon of a school district In any citv 
of 76,000. to 600,000 InhabftanU to erect and maintain an auditorium suitable 
■for iwhifff gatherings and to utlllie the same, and to let It out for compensa- 

S. B. 202, p. 418, Mar. 14, ion. 

Mlsatflui: PnAlbltlng Intoxicated, persons entering school or church house. 

H, B. 159, p. 197, Marr 24, 1911. 

NebrMka: Prohibiting camping upon any public highway within 40 rods of 
any scboolhdnse without permission of the proper school hoard or school 
*™***®\ ■ Ch. 110, Mar. 28, 1911. 

Nebraska: Relating to chsngea of schoolbonse sites In districts containing 
. mo/6 than i60 children betwera 5 and 21, and having a board of alx trpatees. 

^ In ^ dlstrlcta a^d .ehangea may be ordered by a two-tbltds vote at any 
annoal or aveclal meeuog, , ' Oh. U7. Apr. 8; 1911.^ 





BUILIJWOB AND BITES. Ill 

Xf*w Jerfef : In cltleft in which a municipal inaurance- fund has been eatab- 
lished the boar^ of education maj insure school buildings in said fund. The 
cotuiuisHlouers of euid fund may insure in regular companies. 

Ch. 253, Mar. 28, 1912. 

New York: Amending the educatioa law relating to the acqulattion of Bites 
fur Hcboolhouses. » 

Ui^er old inw a boniest end occupied by owner could not be condemned* 
hut myendnient provides that any portion which may appear to the court to 
be '* niine<*osai)ry for the reasoanble use and enjoyment of the homestead** * 
*niuy be coudenme<i. Ch. 782, July 20, 1911. 

North Dakota: Helating to scboolhouses and sites. 


Provisions Inclutled in Chapter 206. - Ch. 208, Mur. 6, 1011. 

North Dakota: See d (xi). 

Ohio: Establishing n building code. , * 

• Part 2, Tm.K 3. 

“School buildings” includes nil structures containing one or more rooms 
used for the nssembllng of persons for the purpose of acquiring knowledge or 
for mental training. 

Grade ”A“ refers to buildings for primary, grammar, or high schools, for 
lUipils 18 years old or less. 

Grade B refers to other schools and colleges, academies, seminaries, 
llbrnrl(?s, museums, and art gnllerles. 

CfuM of construrfion : Grade “A**.— All buildings more than two stories 
high sliidl l>e fireproof; buildings of two stories, or less shall be of fireproof 
or comiH)8lte const riiction. No building shall be tneye than threeVories high.' 

Grade " If ." — If any floor level Is more tban'20 feet above grade line at ai».v 
exit building shall be fireproof; if floor levels are less thnn 26 feet above, 
such grade Hm*. construction shall be fireproof or conipositej. No building t 
shall be of. more than five Stories, nor shnil the topmost floor be more than 
^ r*0 feet above grade line nt any e.xlt. K.xceptlon: Buildings of one story, 

without basontem, may be of fnime If 30 fi^et front any other btiiiding and 
feet l>eyon(l eity fire limits.^ 

Bxpfmrr and rourfs: Grade A.— No btillding shall occupy more thiiii 75 
l»cr cent of n comer lot or more than 70 i>er cent of Interior lot No wall 
containing windows for lighting school or class rooms shall be nearer than 30 
feet from any opistsite building or property lines. 

Grade /?. — No building shall ocenpy more than 05 i>er cent of a comer lot 
nor more than 90 |»er cent of an Interior lot: 

Courts; Opposite walls of light courts shall not be nearer than the diatanee 
from the lowest window sill- to the highest cornice No such court shall be 
covered, ^ ^ 

Subrfir/stons amf /Ire etop^: Bnildings constructed In connection with a 
building of lower grpde of construction shall be separated from same by a 
standard fire wall with double standard Are doors, If any. Storage rooms, 
pnint and repair ahops, etc,, shall surrounded by flr^roof walla with 
double automatic Are doors. No open wells except stair and elevator wells. 
Except In onenatory frame buildings, all exterior and court walls shall be 
standard wire walls: all windows shall be automatic standard Areproof, and 
door openings shall be covered by standard hinged Are doors without auto- 
matic nttacbmenta 


Beater room: No cast-iron boiler tarrying over io pounds pressure and no 
steel boiler carrying more than 86 pounds shall be located within the mala 
walls. No boiler or furnace shall be placed under any lobby^ exit stairway 
or corridor. Furnaces or boilers In the buildings shall be inclosed In a 
standard Areproof heater n^pip, with self-closing Are doors. 

BaecmenU: No schoolroom shall be placed below or partly below grade. 
Rooms, for domt^c- faience, manual trailing, or recr^tlon may be partly 
below grade. If properly heoted, lighted, andi ventilated. 

fircAoobdrtd class rooms.* Mlnlmom Aoor 4«oe—Mmary grades. 10 SQuare 
feet per person ; grammar grades, 18 square Aset ; high acdiools, M square fe^; 
all other schools and clASsrqonm, 24 eqaare feet jper* perkiti. . Oubical con- 
t^tsi-l^mary grades, SO pnblc feet ot ttr spsos p» rgranunar 











jam- 


112 


SDXrOATIOKAL USdlBlJiTIOK * AKD DECISIOKS. 






m cubic lu^ schools, 260 cubic feet; Orade “S,” 300 cubic feet 
height of stories— Toilet and playrooms,, 8 feet clear: other rooms, 
half the average width, but In no case less tha* 10 feet. Capacity— The 
pi^ns aball be clearly marked to ahow the maximum number of pupils to be 
accommodated in each room. 

rooms: Grade “A’*. — hospital or rest room, equipped with a couch 
and flret-ald supplies, shall be provided in every building of four rooms or 
more. Two such rooms shall be provided In every building of eight or more 
ropma 

Aumbly hallt:'Oraie “4".— Shall not be locnt^' above the second floor lii 
a fireproof building or above the first floor of a composite building Pro- 
Tlaions relating to theaters shall apply. * 

SeatSf deaXrs, and aisles: Shall be securely fastened If room acoomuiodnt<M 
naore than J6. Teacher’s de^ and chair may be portable. Mlniinmn width 
of aisles; Primary rooms, center aisles 17 inches, wall aisles 28 Inches: 
grammar rooms, center aisles 18 inches, wall aisles 30 inches; ^high-school 
rooms, center aisles 20 inches, wall aisles 30 inches; other class and school 
rooms, center hiales 24 inches, wall aisles 30 inches. 

Optics: Minimum proportion of glass surface to floor area : Class, study, 
recitation, nnd laboratory roomsi, 1 to 5; museums, etc.. 1 to 6: toilet and 
playrooms, 1 to 10. Provisions for workshops nnd factories apply to manual 
training and domestic science t-ooms. Windows shall be at left or left nnd 
rear of pupils when seated. Tops of windows shall be not more than 8 Inches 
below the ceiling, except In museums, etc. Width of class nnd recitation 
rooms, If lighted from one side, shall not e.xceed two and one-half times the 
height of the window heads. 

• Afeans of egress: Grade “A". — Fireproof construction: Rnlldlngs accommo- 
dating not more than 600 persons, at least S feet in tvldth for each 100 per- 
sons: 600 to 1,000 persons, same ratios for the first 500. and 6 feet for each 
100 in*exeeM; over IjOOO persons, same ratios up to 1,000. and 0 feet for each 
100 In eieesa. In no case shall an exit be less than 3 feet or more than 6 
feet wide. 

G^rode "A.”—Compo8lte construction: Each classroom shall have at least 
two exits lending directly to a main corridor. At least 3 feet of exits required 
to each 100 persons accommodated. Half the exits shall lead to main corri- 
dors and half to inclosed fireproof stairways or standard fire escapes. Exit 
doors not less than 3 feet nor more than 0 feet wide. Blach basement room 
used by pupils shall have a direct exit hot less than 3 feet wide. 

Orade ** B. ’’-'Requirements similar to the above 

fiTfainca|^: Grade “A.” — Fireproof: At4ira6t two, .as far apart as possible, 
and continuous from grade line to top story. At least two to basement ; may 
be under main stairway. Shall be inclosed with fireproof walls with standard 
self-closing fire doors at each story^ nnd shall have platform and exit doors 
not less than 3 feet wide at grade line 

Orade ”A. ’’—Composite construction: Basement stairways shall be Inclosed 
in 9-Inch brick walle 6-lnch concrete wiTIls. or 12-inch hoilow-tile walls, and 
openings in same shall be provided with self-closiDg fire f'onrs. The wuiih 
of stairways shall be equally divided between the main service stairways and 
inclosed fireproof stairs or fire escapes. The storage closet shall be placed 
under any stairway. 

Orade Fireproof : Shall be separated, surrounded by masonry or fire- 

proof partitions, with self-closing fire doors. One-fourth inch wire glass set 
in metal sash may be used for stairway partitions, except on the aide .of work 
or storage roomai Shall have grade^line platforms, with exit doors at least 
8 feet wide, - 

.Grodo ” B.**— Composite : Shall be surrounded by masonry or fireproof walls 
with flreporoof ceiling nt topmost story and fireproof floor at lowest level ; all 
ppmdngs provided with self-cloeing fire doors. Grade-line platforms and 8-foot 
exit doors, Ko stora|t^. closet under any stairway. 

Width; Three feet 100 persons in btilldlngs accommodating 600 or less; 

0 additional for e\ery additional 100 up to 1,000; 6 feet for every 100 
over 1,000« No staUnraEMuOl be less than 8 feet nor more than 6 feet clear. 

If Over fi fleet wide, cen^ baodralla with angle and newel posu at least 
6 fleet bii^ shall be provided. ^ Not.leea than 8 nor more tiian 16 risers in any 
nett :Nonrtiulers; ul noting snail he tiraight / width shall be nmiu* 

gained by rmmdlnf- comers andK an^en filaaiballg abaU be ‘ 


BtriLDIWaS AND STTEB. 


113 


Risers and treads: Primary BCboals. not more thnn 6-lnoh rise nor than 
11-Inch tread; grammar Bchoola, not more than Cl inch rise nor less than 
11-incb tread; all other schools, dot more than T-tnch rise nor less than 
lOi-lnch tread. All treads shall be covere<l with nonsllpping surface. No 
door shall oi>en directly upon a stairway, but on a landing at least as long as 
the width of the door. 

Gradients of uot over 1-inch rise In 12 inch run shall be employed to over- 
come differences in floor levels that would require less than three risers. 
Floors at all eilts^ shall be level and flush with iidjucent floors. 

Fassdffctcaygr No‘iinll leading to^ a stairway or exir shnll be Uws In width 
thnn suo4i stajrway or exit- Halls and passaj^eways shnll be designed to pre- 
,-veqt congestion and confusion. 

Hxit doont and irindoirs: Kxlt ^oors shnll be not less than 3 feet wide nor 
' , less thnn 6 feet 4 Inches blphj/shnll swing outward nnd not Interfere wl*h 

^ passageway^ ‘or other opening^ No single door or leaf or double door shall 

* b'6 mpre than 4 feet wide. No two d(M>rs sball be hinged together. Double- 

• acting, rolling, sliding, and revolving doors are prohibited. 

' Windows leadin'g:to “A stnndnrd fire e8<’:ii>efi shall have the lower snah 
hinged, th swing out'or hung on welgh's to rise; shnlf be not U;ps than 2 feet 
O inchefcwide, not less than 3 feet high, and not more than 2 feet above the 
floor line. , , 

Ifivnttles: Every l^ldlng over 25 feet high shall have in the roof a bulk- 
head or scuttle not*TMa than 2 feef wide nnd 3 feet long, prbvldefl with a 
stairway or permanent ladder. Doors sUnU never be locked. • 

Sprrtflf €<^fitruction: P'loors of toilet rooms :ind Invatorlts »hnll be of non-. 

, absorbent, Indestructible, wnterproof mnterlal ; base shall be at least 6 Inches 
high and shnll have n sanltar>’ cove. Basement rooms used By pupils shall 
have wnterproof floors. Basement ceilings, except where brick -or concrete 
is used, shal> be plastered or covered ‘with steel celling. In school buildings 
window and door Jambs shall be rounded and plastere(l whenever ix)S8lbIe, 
Interior wood finish shnll be as small ns iMsslhle nnd free from unuecessnry 
dust catchers. All fleors shall be deadened or sound proof.- . 

f'7oor OKd roof loads: Shnll be assumed to be at lenst-— Clnss rooms. fiO 
pounds i>er square foot; assembly hnlls. stairs, and corridors, 80 pounds; 
museums, libraries, nnd art galleries, 100 iwunds; attics not used for storage, 
20 iKunids ; robfs, 40 pounds. 

Ilvating and vontilatUm: A heating system shnll be Installed which will 
' • nnlformty heat all corridors, play, toilet, nnd recrentlnn rooms, gymnasiums, 

and manuffl training rooms to a teiuitemture of (15'', nnd all other parts 
of the building (except rooms for open-air treatment) Ip 70- lu zero 
weather. The heating system shall he combined with a ventilating sys- 
tem* which will change the ale In all imvts of the-buildlng. except In corridors 
nnd storage closets, at lenst six times i>er hour. Bottom of air registers 
(except f()ot warmers In corridors) shall he at least 8 feef above floor line. 
Vent registers slmll be uot over 2 Inches al>ove floor line. Fresli-iilr aupply. 
shnll be taken from the outside; no vitiated nir shall be rehOattvl, Proiier 
hoods shall provided for domestic-science rooms nnd cbemicnl Inbomtorles, 

« and ducts connected therewith shaH be lndei>endeHHlf the yoom ventilation. 

Adsilafton: Where a water supply and eowornge systeiu are nvnilnblo, there 
Bhnll be — In the aui)orPtrncturG 6ne sink and one sanitary drinking fountain 
‘ on each floor to each B.OOO sqimre of floor area or less; In* the basement, 
one sink and one sanitary drinking fountain on the hoys' side and on the girls' 
side to each 350 pupils or lesa No tin cups or tumblers shall be allowed In 
or about any school building. In libraries, lytiseunia nnd art galleries there 
alinll be one water-closet to each 100 females or less; one water-closet to each 
200 males or less, add one urinal to each males or less. In nil ofl^er 
school building^ tlTere shall be one water-cUyeet fbr> each 1*5 females or less; 
one water-closet for each 25 males or less,^nd one urinal for each 15 males 
or less. Toilet accommodations for males and for females shall be In separate 
rooms with a traveling distance of at least 20 feet betw^n. Juv.nUe or short 
closets shall be used for primary and grammnr-gmdo schools, unless latrine 
closets are used. .BulldihgB of more than three storles'^idiall hhve toilet rooms 
In each story and 'basement. . . • 

Where water and sewerage systems hre not availabie, no dosets or 

iirtnatfl ^all b^laced nearer to any occupied building than 50 feet . * 



er|c 


114 EDUCATIONAL I^GISLAHOK AND DECISIONS. ' 

In Ueu of drinking fountains, closets, and urinals shiill be placed in above 
proportions. All toilet rooms shall be.plalnly marked. 

Oat Hihtinff: All outlets In class and recitation rooms shall be dropi)ed from 
the ceiling and so distributed ns to uniformly light the room. No swlnglug or 
movable gas fixtures shall be useil. 

SlcctiHc icorfc.* All wiring shall be In coiulutt. All outlets In class' and reci- 
tation rooms shall be liropptxl from the ceiling ami so distrl!>nted ns to uni- 
formly light the room, Stolnviiys. corridors, and toilet rooms shall be lighted 
by nrti^clal light, and said llglUs shnll he kept burning when the building Is 
occupied after dark, 

hardware: All exit doors slinll be always imlot liable from within 

• by simply turning the knob or levor or pushing apdnst a bar or plate, whether 
same be locked on the outside or not. One of each pair of double diK>rs shall 
have a double extension panic lH)lt on sanie wltli such device that the slinpU* 
turning of a knob or lever or pushliy; against same ^v^l release top and bottom 
bolts at the same time and allow tlie doors to open, Indei/endent top and 
bottom bolts shall not be used. 

MFd exHrtffuishers — G’raUt* ‘*A’\* Standard stmulpIiH* mul hose In basement* 
one standard chemical fire-extinguisher to encli 2,<HK) square feet of floor area 
or less In each story above basement. 

Grade “ B Standard standpl^m and liose In each story and basement, with 
sufficient IJ-Inch hose to reach any part of stor>* Whore water suppy is not 
available, one chemical flre-extluguishor to each ^(KMJ s<iunre feet of floor area 
or less. 

Fire alarm: All buildings above basement aud all buiIdii»gs»over one story 
high shall be provWetl with 8-1 nch trip fire gongs so connecteil that they may 
be rung from any story or basement. In institutions for the deaf, eiectric 
lights with red globes shall be placed near each teacher's deak, and so arrango<l 
that they be oi>erated slmultiuiwusly by switches in each story mid basement. 

H. B. No. 479, p, r»8fl, June 14, 1911. 

Pennsylvania: hYc 4 (a). v 

Wisconsin: Amending section 4S3Lof the Stntutes,'relatlng to the quantity of 
land in n scboolhoiise site. \ 

Increases the amount of hmd tlVL^i^'^y condemiuHl for a S(*hoo1honHe 
site from 1 acre to 4 acres. ; , Ch. .14.S, May 12. 1911. 

•Wisconsin (1012) ; Stnt. sec, 4:i0i siihd. r>. providing that school districts 
containing less than 250 Inlinliitanta shnlJ noi levy a tax for sidiool buildings 
of more than In any one year, in cgimoctlou with section 475,. authorizing 
districts to borrow money for school buildings, payable iu annual lust aliments, 
held not to limit tlie cost of sdiool buildings in (listrlcls having a population 

of less than 250, but merely the Instiillmcnts. payable iu one your to $000 

CJonway v. Joint Dist. No. 2 et al.. i:«J N. W., 012 


D. (b) Buildings and Sites: State Aid; Approval of Plansi 

Alabama: Amending sectlouh 1975, 1070* 1977, 1981, 1980. 1992, and 1903 of the 
• Cotie of Alabama, 1007. ' . ' 

Increases appropriation for aid In the erection, repairing, and equipping 
rural BChoolhouses from |1.0(X) to $1,500 i>er county omuiallv and further 
protldea for manner of distribution. Act 538, p. 541, Apr. 18, 1011. 

DelaWm: Appropriating |2jiOO annually for repairing, enlarging, and build- 
ing BChoolhouses for colored riiildren. ' Ch. 08, Apr, 4, lOlI. 

New Jersey: Amending an act entitled ‘*An act to oatabllah a thorough and,* 
efBclietit kystem of free public schools and to provide for the maintenance, 
•ttpport. and management thereof," approved Oct. 19. 1003. 

Relates to the preparation under die State superintendent of plans for 
^ lOlioolhOOTei. , ,01». 869, Apr. 2T, 1911. s. 


115 


BUILDINGS AND SITES. 




Oklahoma: CrentlnK u “ union pcathnl or oomioHdated school district fund,” 
to be used to nsslst In (x>nstn)ctlng school bulldlnps under laws pertaining to 
consol Ida te<l school dlst riels. 

Said fund Hhnll be derived from the sale of lands embraced in section 38, 
Greer County, and lands mdeetod In -lieu thereof. Proceeds shall be placed 
nt disiK)sal of State tmard of ctlucallon. which kUmU make rules and regu* 
latious for a fair dlstributlou to the dlfTerent counties approxlinntely In pro- 
tmrtion of sebolastic poiiulatlon outside of tirsl class cities. Any consolidated 
district contninlnR at least l^IO < liildreii of sc1um) 1 age., employing at least 
3 teachers, itossessinp a suUaltlc huildlnp of at least 3 rooms, and trans- 
p'vting children as conteni|ilnUHl Uy the law relntlng to consolidated dis- 
tricts, shall Twelve from said fund 'oiu^half the cost of sjild building; moxi- 
niuin $2,500. Any wliool district of at least 25 square miles In area which 
conducts a wlinol meeting the RHjUirements lu the last paragraith shall 
receive a like sum. * . , t2i. 112, Mar. 30, 1911. 

South Carolina: An not to amend an act to enconnige the erection of adequate 
public school buildings, approved Kehniary 22. 10(*5. 

Omits the fonmT i^ulnunent that the iimnty fund for schoolhousea be 
taken from “ Pl.spensjigy ” pnttlts Provides for an addllional Iwnus of 
$r>0 from county funds In aid of the constTuctlon of district scboolhouses in 
caw* of the conwdkhniop of two or more sclumls. Act 311, Feb. 24, 1910. 

South Carolina: An act to encourage and aid In the construction of adequate 
public school buildings, etc. 

Appropriates $2(UHH) from funds jmld Into the State treasury by the wlnd- 
Ing-np 1*01111111881011 of the^tate dls|H*up;iry, said sum to be used by the State 
hoard of tHlucntlon for such juirpose. 

For the pnri>oee of ereciiiig district school hulldliigs, the snkl State board 
'slinl! cnnirlhnte $50 to ejich $KX) raised locally. No one school shall recelye 
more than ^*U)0, and no more than one school In any district shall receive 
such aid in imy oiie year. In caw* of cousolldatlon of two or more schools, 
an ndditionni bonus of $50 may be grunted. The' State board of education 
' give preferom*e to consolidated schools. Uulldlngs erected with such 

Stnte aid sbnll comidy wltli plans and 8iK*clticalions approved by tne State 
board of ediu-atlon. . Act 430, Feb. 23, 1010. 


D. (c) Building and Sites: Decoration; Care; Sanitation; 

Inspection. 

See also J. , *. ' 

Indiana: An net to protect the health mid lives jf school* children, and In- 
crease their etlidcncy, by providing healthful schOolhouses. ond requiring the 
teaching of hygiene. 

Section 1. After the going luto effect of this act, all schoolhouses which 
shall be constructed or rt'inodelod shall be constructed In accordance and 
conform to the following winitnry i>rinclple8,,to wit: 

(a) Sites, All sites shall be dry. and such drainage as may be necessary 
* to seeure and maintain do* groljhds and dry buildings shall be selected and 

supplied. Said Rite and wild buildings shall not bo nearer than 500 feet to 
steam rallroada livery stable, horse, mule, or cattle bam used for breeding 
purposes or any nolse-mnking Industry or auy unkeattUful conditions. Good 
dry walks shall lend from the street or road to every scboolbouse and to all 
outhoqRes, and suitable playgrounds shall be provided. 

(b) Building School buildings, if of brick, ^UnU have o stone founda- 
tion, or the $$Gndatlon moy be of brick concrete; Provided, A laybr of 
slAte, Slone, or other imperviona material be interposed above the ground 
line, or the foundation may be of vitrified brick and the layer of Impervlons 

. material will* not be reqnlred. . Cvery two-story aohpolhouse dhall have a 
dry, basement under: the entift bnUdl^, oRkt basemmit to have 



I 


lie 


EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION AND DECISIONS. 


. tioor level. The gronod floor of all schoolhousee ahall be raised at least 3 
.feet above the gi^nnd level and have, whwi^ possible, dry, well-lighted base- 
ment nnder the entire building, and shall have a solid foundation of brick, 
tile, sfhne, or concrete, and the area between the ground and the floor shall 
be thoroughly ventilated. Each pupil shall be provided with not less than 
22C^ubIc feet of simce, and the interior walls and celling shall be either 
painted'or tinted some neutral color, as gray, slate, buff, or green. 

(c) Lighting- and Seating. All schoolrooms where iniplls are seated f<»r 
study shall be llghtetl from one side ouly. and the glass areji shall be not less 
than one-sixth of the floor area, and the windows shall extend from not less 
than 4 feet from the floor to at least 1 foot from the celling, all windows to 
be provided with roller or ndjustable shades of neutral color, as blue. gray, 
slate, buff, or green. Desks and desk seats shall be preferably adjustable, 
and at least 20 i>er cent of all desks and desk seats in each room shall be 
adjustable,, and shall be so placed that the light shall fall <>ver the left shoul- 
ders of the pupils. For Ieft-bande<l pupils, desks and seats may be jdaced so 
as {o permit the light to fall over the right shoulder. 

(d) Blackboards and Cloakrooms. Blackboards shall be preferably of 

slate, but. of whatever material, the color shall be a dead black, (Mookrooms. 
well lighted. ^warmed, and veutUated. or saultarj’ lockers shall be provided 
for each study schoolroom. ^ 

(e) Water Supply and Drinking Arrangements. All schoolhousea shall be 
supplied with pure drinking water, and the water supply shall be from driven 
wells or other source approvetl by the health authorities. Only smooth, stoiu 
glass or enameled metal drinking cups shall be used; wo.ter buckets and tin 
drinking cups shall be unlawful and are forbidden ; and whenever It Is ))racti-g 
cable, flowing sanltarj' drinking fountains which do not require drinking cups 
hbnll be provided. All schoolhouse wells and pumps shall be suiiplled wltli 
troughs or drains to take away waste water, and under no conditions shall 
pools or aodden places or smnll or large imidhplcs be allowwl to exist near a 
well. When water is not supplied at pumps or from water faucets or Siini- 
tary drinking fonntalus. then covere<l tanks or coolers supplied with spring 
Of self-closing faucets shall be provldwi. 

(f) Heating and Ventilation. Vent Hating hen ting stoves, furnaces, and 
heaters of all kinds shall bo capable of maintaining a tenii>erature of 70° V. 
in zero weather and of maintaining a relative humidity of at least 40 per 
ceni; and said heaters of all kinds shall take nlr from outside the building 
and, after heating. Introduce It Into the schoolroom at n ix>lnt not less than 
6 nor more than 7 feet from the floor, and at a minimum rate of 30 cubic feet 
per minute for each pupil regardless of outside atmospheric conditions: 
Provided, That when direct-indirect stenni heating la adopted, this provision 
as to height of entrance of hot air shall not npply. Hulls, office rooms, 
laboratories, and manual-training rooms may have direct steam radiators, 
but direct steam heating is forbidden for study schoolrooms and direct-indirect 
steam heating Is ]>ermitted. All schoolrooms shall be ijrovided with ventl- 
latlng ducts of an^lfe size to withdraw the nlr at least four times every 
hour, and said ducts and their openings shall be on the same side of the 
room with the hot-air ducts. 

(g) Water-closets jyid Outhouses, Water-closets or dry closets, when pro^ 
Tided, shall be efficient and sanitary In every |>articiilar and furnished with 
stalls for each hopper or place;: rind when said water or dry closets are not 
provided, then sanitary outhouses, well separated for the sexes, shall be pro- 
vided. Good, dry walks shall lend io oil outhouses and screens or shields l>e 
built In front of them. Outhouses for males shall have urmala u»rpi,,;ed 
with stalls and with conduits of galvanized Iron, vitrified drainpim, or other 
impervious material, draining Into a sewer, vault, or other 'Suitable place 
approved by the health authorities. Any school trustee or trustees who shall 
bttUd or conBtrnct any schoolhouse dr cause to be buUt or constructed any 
schoolhouse which does not include each and every sanitary provlslrni com- 
manded in this act shall, upon conviction, be fined In any sum not less tbon 
|100 nor mote than and any money claim for the mnteriai enterlug into 
or tUiy money claim for the construction of any schoolhouse which does not Ip 
ei^ry way ^ and ell regpecta comply with the requirements of this act shall 
l»e null and void. 



BUHDINGS AND SITES. 


117 


' ture — namely, not less than 70° F.— being nttniiiwl. the teacher shall (lininiKS 
the school until the fault Is corrected; and It shall nlso be the duty of nil 
techera to Immediately send home any impll who Is perceptibly ill In any way, 

‘Or who is unclean and emits offensive hodiiy odors, or who Is Infested with ■ 
lice or other vermlh; and tlie truant otflcer shall arrest and i>rosecute parents 
or guardians who do not rid their children of vermin and bodily uncletmllness _ ^ ^ 
when notified to do bo, Refiisiil of parents or guardians to frw their chlldreiy|jjrf 
or wards of vermin or to bathe and cleanse tliem. making them fit to go td^^^ 
school, shall be puniHbed by a fine of not less tliaa $5 and imprisonment for 10 
days gr both. And if the refusal or neglwt of i>a rents or guordlanH to bathe 
and cleanse their children or wards makes It necesjuiry. then the truant otflcer. - 
niH)n grder of the school authorities, shall have It done, the cost to be paid by • 
the school authorities from the scluud funds. Whenever diphtheria, scarlet 
fever, or other contagious and infections diseases hreak out In any school It shall 
l>e the dnty of the township trustee, school board, sdlool trustee, or tlie school 
authority or aiithoritles having control to have lawllcal inspection made of 
the pupils, and nll^found in any degree ill shall he sent home and there re- 
tained until the local health officer gives n certificate of health; then such 
child may he again adin'lted to school. It sluill be unlawful ftir school 
authorities to employ teachers or janitors who are not able-bodied, or wHo 
are addicted to drugs or intemT)erate, or who have tuberculosis or syphilis. 

All schoolhouses shall be specially cleaned and disinf(H.’ted each year before 
they are used ^or school purposes. The cleaning shall consist In first sy^oep- 
ing. then, scrubbing the floors, washing the wltalows and all W(KKlwork. in- 
cluding the wooden parts of seats and desks, ami tlie dislnftN’ting shall be 
done In accnrdnnce with the rules of the State board of health. Township 
tnistees, school boards, and boards of school commissioners who- tieglect 
or refuse to obey the t>rovlsion9 Of tills st>ctlon shall be flneil In any sum 
of not less than $10 nor more than $1(K). niul each sjild refusal or neglect 
shall constitute n separate offense. 

Sfc. 3. There shaii he taught lu each year In the fifth grade of every public 
Bcbool In Indltfnn the prlhiary princiiiles of hygiene and sanitary science, 
and esiiecially shall Instruction be iniiiarte^I corcenilng the prindpui modes 
by Which each of the dangerous conummlcublc diseases are spread, ami the 
best sanitary motlmds for the i^estrlction and prevention of emdi such dlsea!^'. 
Hygiene may also lie taught In other grades at the vvlll of scluHtl authorities. 

The State health coiumlsrfoner and the State superintendent of public Instnic- 
tion shall jointly write, compile, or originate priatetl data In leaflet form, set- 
ting forth ns plainly ns iwssible the primary principles of hygiene and sani- 
tary science, and Infornmtlon cbmx^mlng the prevefttlon of diseases’, and. 
supply the same to all county suiieriutemlonts. and wild superintendents shall 
supply all the schools In their respective counties and see to It that teachers 
do not fail to comply with this section : Providctf. That for all cities and 
towns having school 8«l>orIntendentB the said leaflets and pamphlets shall 
be sent direct to such snperint-ondents. who phnll see to It that teachers 
comply with this section. The State printing b(»nrd shall publish*, from Its 
funds, all health U*aflets or pamphlets as are herein provided for, and ^ball 
nlso pay the cost of dIatriUutlon of the same to the county, city, or town 
Buperlntemlents from the State printing funds. 

Sec. 4. For the purpose of enforcing this act , and making U practical 
township tnisteesi Ivonrds of school trustees, and boards of .school commis- 
sioners shall have the power, and It Is herewith made lawful for said irustees 
and said Iwnrds to make a levy not to cxcwhI fi cents on each $100. the 
sum thus rnlsetl to he added to the special stiiool fund, but to be used 
only tor building and furidsblng of schoolhouses. This levy shall not be' 
made unless plainly necessary. 

8ec. 6. Any township trustee or the mejnh?rs of any board of tichool 

* trustees or any teacher or any i>erRon whp viola les any provision of this act, 

• except as herewith or otherwise provided, ^ shall, upon conviction, he flned^ot 

"less than iio, . ^ Ch. 72. Mar. 1, ^©11. 

Maryland: Authorising State board of health to establish the bureau of 

sanitary- engineering; t^kscrlbe the duties and fubctlons of fkild bureau. . 

The bnr^u of sanitary engineering ^ail investigate the water supply, 
sewage disposal/ ventilation, heating. gnMIgbtlng of schools, etc. .. : 

Oh. 560, Laws 1910, ^42, Apr. 18, l9ia , 









118 


EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION AND DECISIONS. 


Maasachasetts : School hulls shall not be used for public meetingB until exlta 
. have been approvetl by nn fnKixvtor of factories and public buildings. 

' Ch. 157, Feb. 24, 1912. 

North Dakota; Governfng the construction of public school buildings and 
providing for the ln«i>ectloh, ventilation, nnd sunitiitlon thereof. 

No building designed to be used In whole or In part as a public school 
building shall be ertvted uytll the plans thereof have been approved by the 
State superintendent of public instruction. Such plans shall show In detail 
the ventilation, heating, and lighting of such building. 

‘‘The State suiicrlntendeiit of public in.structUui shall not approve any idniis 
for the erection of any school building or addition tliereto Knlesa the same 
Bhull provide at least 12 square feet of door space nnd 200 culdc feet of air 
8i)ace for each pupil to b#-accomrnodHte<l In each study or recliatlon therein 
“(1) Light shall be admitted from the loft or from tlje left and rear of 
classrooms, and the total light area must, unless strengtl»eiicd by tbe use of 
reflecting lenses. l)e equal to at least 20 i>or cent of the floor space 
. *‘(2) Ail ceilings sbnil he at lea.st 12 feet in belglu. 

“(3) No such plans shall he «pprove<l by Id in unless provision Is maoe 
therein for assuring at least 30 cubic ft?et of pure air every minute per pu di. 
and warmed to nmljitnln an averjige tpmi)erature of 70 degrees F. during iVie 
coldest winter weatlo'r, and the facilities for ex Im listing the foul or vltlnteil 
air therein shaM be positive and indeix?ndent of atmospheric changes. No 
tax voted l»y a district nu'eting or otlier eom|>etent aiillmrity in any sucli city ‘ 
village, or school district exceeding the sum of $2,000 shall be levied by tlie 
trustees until tbe State sui)i‘rlntcmlem ot public iusinielkm shall certify that 
the plans and 8i>eolficatlon8 for the same comply with tbe luovisloiis of this 
act. All 8<diooII)ou8e.s for wlileh plans and detaUinl siKM-liications shall be 
filed and approved, as required by this act, shall have all halls, dotirs. stairways ^ 
seats, passageways, and aisles, nnd all lighting jind heating appliances and 
apparatus arranged to faclllpite egress in case of fire or nccidenr, nnd to nCTord 
the requisite and proiier mvtumnodations /or public prnits tion In such cases 
AH exit doors slmll oi>eii outwardly, and simll. If double doors In? used, „ 
fasteir ^ith movable bolts oi>erate<l simultaneously by one handle from the 
Inner face of the door. No Staircase shall be constructed with wider steps 
In lieu of n platform, but shall be const meted with straight runs, chaimes In 
direction being made by platform. No doors shall omm Immediately upon n 
flight of stars, but n landing at least tbe width of the door shall be provided 
between such stairs nml such dt»>r\vay. 

“(4) Every public school building slmU be kept clean and free from 
affluvin arising from any drain, privy, or nuisimce nnd shall be provided with 
aufliclent number of water-closots, eartli closo!%|^r privies, and shall be 
ventilated in such a manner that the air sball not Bicome so impure as to be 
injurious to health. ^ 

“Sec. 3. No toilet rooms shall bo c(>nstructe<l In any public school bulldlha t 
unless same have outside ventilation and windows permitting freejiccess or 
air nnd light The provisions of tills act shall be enforced by tlie State 
superintendent of public Instnictioii or sbuie person designated by him for 
that purpose. * , » 

'*Sko. 4, If It appears to the State superintendent of public Instruction or 
his deputy appointed for that particular puriwse that further or different 
sanitary oW ventilating provisions, which can be provided wlQ^ut rensona^e 
expense, ore- required In any public school building, he may Issue a written 
order to the proper person or authority, directing such sanitary or ventilating 
provisions to be provided. A school committee, public officer; or person who 
has chi^e of any such public school building, who neglects for four weeks 
to comply with the order of said State suiierlutendent of public instruction 
or hU deputy, 8hall..>e punidied by a flue of not less than $XdO nor more 
than $1,000. 

“ (1) Whoever Is oggrieved by the order of the State superintendent of 
public mstructlon or his deputy Issued ns above provided, relating to a 
public school building, may within 30 d^s after thereof nnnlv 

in writing to the board of health of tbe^ty. town, incorporated village, or 
BChpol district to set aside or amend 'the order; and thereupon' the board 
Alto notl<^ : to. aU parties latereated. shall give a hearing apon such order’ ' 





iii, 


V 


BUILDINGS AND SITES. 


119 


**Seo. 6. No wooden flue or aJr duct for heating or ventilating purposes 
shall be placed In any building which Is snbjed to the provisions of this act, 
and no pipe for conveying hot air or stenin In s\»ch bnildlng shair be placed 
or remain within 1 inch of any woodwork, unless protected by suitable guards 
or casings of Incbmbnstlble inaterlul.” Ch. 2C9, Mar. 6, 1911. 

North Dakota; Requiring the diHlnfectiou of each school house at least once 
every 30 days, except during vacation, Ch. 03. Mar. C, 1911. 

South Dakota: Amending seer Ion llo of chapter 135 of the laws of 190". 
rrescri:»es iHaulpuietit f(»r the cotninon schools. Ch. 345, Mar. 7, 1911, 

i 

D. (d) Buildings and Sites: Prohibition Districts. 

* Arkansas (MHO); Petition fi»r the cstiihllsliment of n ,3-milo area fromT a 
eclioolhouse In which the sale of liquor should be i^rohildted not objectionable 
for uncertainty. — Thomas et al. r. Hurke et al., 121 S. W.. 1000. 

* Arkansas (1910): lly virtue of the appeOate jnrTsdieth n given by Const., 
4 irt. 7, sec. 14, over the county court the circuit court ha.s jurisdiction, of an 
npi>eal granted under Kirby's Dig., sec. 14S7. injnoretnliiigs to prohibit the 
sale of liquors within 3 miles of a school house. Including ix>\ver to determine 
whetheratlie api)eal was ijroi>erly grantetl. — Jones. Co. (^dk., r. Coffin, judge, 
131 S. W.,.873. 

Kentucky; Prohibiting sale of liquor witliin KK) feet of nonnftl school and 
State Universities. Ch. 58, Mar. 13, 1912. 

Maryland; Amending the law prohibiting the sale of liquor to minors in or 
near the city of .\uuiipolis and to midsliipnien at the United States Naval 
Academy or to students at St. Johns College. ^ 

Increases fine for false representation on part of person procuring liquor. 

Ch. 347 : date of passage or npinoval not stntod; I^aw’s 1910, p. 557. 

Nevada; Bee A (a). ’ • 

New York: Prohibiting the sale of Ihtoxicatlu^ liquors within oue-hnif mile 
of the UniU^I States Military .\cadeniy at .West Point. 

* Ch. 702, July 24. 1911, 

* Rhode Island (1910) : Under Pub. Laws. 1903, ch. 1583, sec. 2, one objecting 
to the Issnnnce i»f n license on the ground that the saloon will be within 200 
fiHJt of u school held to have the burden of proving the facts. — Greenongh. : 
Atty. Geh., v. T’n Council of X’n of Warwick, 78 At., 202. 

South Carolina; Forbids cock fighting within 3 miles of any institution of 
learning (formerly applied only to chartered Institutions). 

[Without signature of the governor.] No. 344, ^eb. 26, 1912. • 

♦Tennessee (1910) : The title of Acts 1909, ch. 1, an net to prohibit sales of 
. Intoxicating liquors “ near schoolhouses, held to warrant a provision 
against sale within 4 miles of a schoolhousc.— J. W, Kelly & Co. t\ State, 132 
8. 193. ■ ' 


D. (e) United States Fla^ hi Schools. 

* 

Indiana: Relating j^the. display of United States flag upon school bnlldings. 

Such flag shall be purchased on petition of a majority of the school patrons, 
and shall he displayed every day that school Is in session, weather permitting. " 
(Formerly public moneys could not be used to purchase flags, and it was dis- 
played on special occasions only.) \ Oh. 182, Mar. 4, Kill. 


lionlaiana: ProhibiUng the mutilation or misuse of the United States flag or ^ 
the Stato flag. , Act No. 84* 1^12* 




120 


EDUCATIONAL LEOISLAHON AND DECISIONS. 


Louisiana; The State flug ahull be displayed on all public buildings on legal 
holidays aud whenever directed by the governor or the general assembly. 

Att No. 39, 1912. 

Massachusetts: UerH^alliig section 50, chapter 42, of the Ueviseil Laws,- and 
ennctjiig in Dcu thereof a new section, reiutlng to the display of the UnlttMl 
States Hug on school houses. 

Fixes i)eiioIty of :p5 for failure so to display flag. Ch.^32, Apr. 5, 1911. 
Nevada: Sec A (a). 

Vermont: Itelating to flogs. ^ 

Flags (lisplaytHl over schoolhmises shall not be lettered nnr mnrkotl. 

^ No. 07. Nov. 18. 1910. 

" E. TEACHERS IN ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY 

-SCHOOLS. 


(a) Qualifications; General. 

Alabama: Aniendliig swtlon 1734 of the C(h1o of Alnbnnm. 1907. 

Section 1734. Brauvhea of IcarMrtp exawitrvd wpoa.— Applicants for third- 
grade certlHcates shall be examined In the foIld\\*lng brunches; Ortliogrnphy 
reading. i)oniiinnshii>, grummar. pructleal arithmetic, Unltetl States history 
geography, the elementary principles of physiology and hygiene, and ngrlctil* 
tnre, mul theory and practice of teaching; for second-grade certifleates thov 
Nhail he examined In ail the foregoing l)ranches, with additional rtKjulrcinentV 
la arltiimetlc, history of Aiubnma. Kiigilsh ^nniiiuar and lln'raturo. Interinedi- 
nte geography, Tmlted Slates hi.story and civics, and class inan:tgenieut * for the 
first-grade certificates they shall i)e exnmlntHl In all the foregoing i)ranche.s 
and also in algebra, geometry, physics, elementary psychology, the school 
laws of Alabama, and advanced Knglish; for life certincatcs. the history of 

. Act 492, p. 499, Apr, IS. 1911. ‘ " 

4te,,CoJjj^do: Amending s(>ctions 5991 and .5994 of the Revised Statutes, relating 
to examinations for teachers’ certificates and to qualifications of teachers, 

; Applicants for county certificates, must have coniiiletiNl n four-year high* 
school course or its equivalent : ngrlcnlUire, horticulture, and American lltera- 
^ Jure lidded to subjects in wdiich oxainintHl for first grade., agriculture and 
hortliNdture for second grade; teaching experience rwiuiretl of first and sec- 
. ond grade teachers, ch. 217. June 3, 1911. 

^ Idaho: See A (n). 

Maryland^ , Requiring county superintendents to classify certain certificates 
of the leach^rs in tlieir resi>ectlve counties. 

On or before the 1st day of' October of each year the county superintendent 
shall submit to the county school board a list of all teachers employed, ; 
together with a 'classification of their certificates. In detenniifing the class 
V of the certificates the foiigwing jmlnts are to be considered: (h) Scholarship; 

(b) executive ability ; (c) personality ; ana (d) teaching power. The county' 

• superintendent may add such other requirements ns may be npprovetl by the 
\ Staje board of education. Laws> 1910, p. 228, ch. 420, Apr. 11, ^010. 

N^oda: See A (o). ^ • 

New York; Amending the ^education law. ^ 

\ ScemoN 401. "Authorizes the State commissioner of education In hts dlscre- ’ 
tlon to legalize the employment of a teacher not. twlly qualified and to permit 
the pnypient of salary to such teacher. ’ ^ 

WL Increase^ the training requii^ed for appointment as teacher In 
p’ljlinaty and grammar grades of eiileg, etc. Two years* normal training 

“d ^ Mgf^HWAoorg^ Ch, l«,Apr.22,10l0. , 


^ ^ ^ ^ r-T— — 

TEACHERS IN ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS. 


121 


'•Olilo: Extending the merit system to scbools. 


** Skctjow 7090-1. All employees In ench city school district sbnll he divided 
Into two clnsses, tc t»e known ns the classlfled and unclnsslfled service. *lhe. 
Unclnsslfled service shall Include the position of officers elected by the \)eo\)\e 
or npiHdnted to fill vacancies in such offices ; persons who by Inw are to serve 
without rcniunerntlon ; i>er8onB who are required by Inw to have a teiicher’s 
certiflcafe; the superlntq^ident of instruction, the director of Rchools. and the 
Clerk of the board of educntlon. school physicians and nurses, secretaries, 
chief deputies In the offices of the director and clerk of the board of education, 
the chief truant oflU-er, ail unskilled labor when but te'mi>orarIly employe<l. 
and such other appointees ns the civil service commission may by rule 
determine. The clnsalHwl service shall comprise all offices and iwsitions not 
Includeil in the unclnsslfled servioe. 

*• Sec. 7C90-2. The civil service commissioners of ench city shall be. and are 
hereby, constituted the civil service commissioners of the board of education 
in each city school district, and the bonrd of education of sucli district shall 
provide for such clerical force, examiners, and t^ie necessary expenses of such 
commissioners ns may be necessary for the purpose of carrying out the pro- ' 
vi^Mns of this net. ^ . • 

^Thc civil service comnilsslouers shall keep separate registers and records 
of nil positions and appointments In the olasslfled service of the bonrd of eilu- 
cation. All applicants for admission Into the classlfletl service of the board 
of education shall be subject to examination, yvblch shall be comi^etlLlve, 
public, and oi>en residents of the city school district, with such limita- 

tions as to age, Hox.v’bsidence, health, habits, aud moral character ns said 
commrssion may prcswlhe. The commlsslou shall prepare rules and regula- 
tions adapted to carry out the purposes of this act, which rules and Vea^jln- 
tlons shall provide for the grading of positions similar In character, so as^o^ 
permit the filling of iA»sItions in the highest grades as far as practicable by 
promotoris; and shall provide for public examinations td ascertain the fitness 
of all aj>plicants for niM>ointnicnts lu ftie classlfled -«ei;v Ice, and the result of 
such examination sbnll -be accessHile to all persons. Such applicants shall 
hike rank iii>ou the reglstof of the commission as candidates In the order of 
their relative standing wirimu,^ reference to priority of exnmlnatlnn. and 
grades and standings' so efttabllslieil shall remain the grades for a i>erlod of 
six months or longer, If the coihndsRlon so determine. 

**Sec. 7ClKKi >Vhexiever an apixiintraent Is to be made to any position In the 
clnsslfitHl Btwvico, the board or officer shall notify the commission of any 
vacancy to he filled. - The coin mission shall thereupon certify to such boat’d 
or officer the three caudldatcs the highest In the respective lists ns shown by 
the result of such examination, and such board or officer shall thereupon 
appoint ortc of the three so ccrOfled. Any candidate whose name shall have 
been ccrtiflwl three times without- appoInTnient may be dropped from the 
register by the commission. 

**Sec. 7tiO(M. It *sball be the duty of each appointing officer or board to 
report to the civil service commission forthwith upon such Api>oIntment or 
employment the nnme/of such appointee or ediployee. the tltl^the character 
of bis qpiployinent, the date of the commencement of service, the salary or 
compensation thereof, and such other Infomiatloft as the commission' may 
require In order to keep the roster befeln provided; and it shml l>e the duty - 
of said eomraisslon to prepare, conduct, anil keep iii.lts office a ctunplete roster 
of all peifsons In the classltied service of the board of educatloti, which roster 
shall he open to Inspection at nil reasonable hours. It shall show In reference 
to each of said p<;rHobfl, his name, the dote of his appointment to or employ- 
ment in such service, nis salary or compensation, the title of the position or 
office he holds, or nature of the duties thereof; and, in case of removal or 
* resignation, the date of the termination of such service. 

Jr** Sec/ 7090-5. No officer or employee within the classified scry IM who shall 
hove beep appointed under the" provlslo.na of this act or who sban bave been 
continuously In the employment of the board o4 education for a period of 
three years shall be removed, reduced in rank, or discharged except for some 
cause relating to his mortfl dharncter or bis suitableness and cnpijclty to 
* perform the duties of his position, though he . may be suspended from duty 
without pay for a period of not exceeding 30 days pendfhg the invMttgatloti of 
(ffiarges against him. Such dhuse shall he determined by the. removing 
. . anthoHty and reported In writing with a, specifle i^te^ of r^sons 






122 


KDUOATIOKA.L LEQISLAHON AND DECISIONS. 


theivfor to the commission, but shall not he m«dc public wllhont tbe consent 
^the i)erwa discharged. Before such removal. re«Inctioii. or ilischurge Hlmll 
become effecme the removing authority shirll give euch person :i reasonable 
opiwrtunity to ^ow the charges against him -ami to be heard in his owu in?- 
* 5* and if such charges be not sustained by the comiulsslon he shail be rein- 
stated in his position. 

** Skc. 7®K)~6. Nothing herein contained shatl j ire vent tl^ imnnlof eductition 
of each cl^ school district from defining the duties of its various oniployeetL 
and prescribing the rules and regulations under which tbev shall sene nor 
from CTercislng proper supervision over them. Nor shali the board of etiuca- 
uou of such city school district be preluded from securing lubcrr or assistauc® 
for short periods within its discretion In cases of euiergeucy." 

S. B. No. 30, pp. 154-0, Apr. 30, 1910. 

Oregon; An act providing for the eertificntion of teachers, for the manner of 
oondjucting examinations, and for holding Institutes. 

SECTioif L Outstanding certiacates shall be valid according to the terms 
thereof. 

SE'a 2. All certificates except temiiornry. county, and si>eclHl district cer- 
tificates Shull be Issued by the 8U|K?riiitendent of imblio. in.'ifniction 

Secs. 3 and 4. Classifies the certificates and fixt>s the fees* for snme ns 
follows : 


Life flute certificate-^ 

Jj’lve-yenr State cert 1 flea te or renewal. 

Primary flTO-year State cert Iftcnte or renewal 
One-reor State certificate or renewal. 

Special certificate 

Temporary county certificate 


Special district ceriiflciite at option of authority Isstilng. All f^s for State 
certificates sbnll be credltwl to the State board of examiners* fund. 

Sec. 6. The sui»orintendent shall ap|>oInt not more than nine pro- 

fessional teachers to preimre questions for ail State exiimimUlons; and shail 
appoint SB many prpft^slonal leac’iers as he may deeui necessary to grade 
ail manuscripta All the fmid ai»i)oInteefi shall be known ns tbe State board 
of examiners; shall receive from tbe State board of examiners’ ^md S5 per 
day for each day actually oujpioyed. 

Skc. 6. Life State certificates, valid througditmt tbe State for life shall be 
granted to applicants of at least CO months’ teaching ex(>erlencc (1*5 mouths 
within the State) who shall pass the examination before the State boanl of 
examiners with n minimum avernge.of 85 f)er cent and a miiilnnim grade of 
^0 per cent In the subjects requlrq^ Ffor a five-yeAr, State (Certificate and In 
Addition English literature, plrttfe geometry, botuuy. phvsk’s, bookkeeping 
general history* geology, and hlstofy of education. Holders of five-year State 
certificates may secure a life State certificate by pasalng the examination in 
the additional aubjects mentioned above. 

Sbo. 7. Five-year State certificates, valid throughout the State for five 
ytersr ahall be issued to applicants of at least 32 school months’ tenching 
experience who shall pass an exhnflnntton before the State board of ex- 
aminers with a mtnlumm average of 86 per cent and a minlmnm grode of 
70' per cent in the subjects required for n one-year State certificate and in 
addition physlologj', iwychology. American literature, algebra, and comix)- 
Bition. A five-year State certlficnte may be renqwetl when holder has at- 
tended an Institution of higher education for 32 consocutlTe weeks within 6 
veara from diUj^ef Issuance, 'having accomplished, satisfactory work In at 
least four sublets, one of which shatl be education. May be again renewed 
In same manner. . • 


Bgc. 8. Primary five-year State certificates valid thronghout the State for 
flret. McoiKl. and third gradea ahall Da granted to nppllcnnta of 
sTTimik 12 months successful teaching ex{>erlence in this Stale who shall oass 
the examlnstlon before the Stgte bemrd of examiners with n mlulmiini nvernge 
of K5 per centand minimum grade of 70. per cent tn methods In rending 
methods In arrataetlc, methods tn language methods In geography, thedry 
and paettee of teaching, writing, ortbographs,, physiology, psychology, and in 
aMtUop fher^ iball write a th^it on an ^n?a«(inal^b^rSid 
A list pitiiStM by the superihtenaent of public Instruction, Such certificates 
1^1 be renewed otrgame cogidltioais as the flveayi^ State certffleate, or, aftdr 

^13 Dioathfl' iQGcefiitulrteeclainf, 




TEAOHEBS IN ELEHINTABY AND BBOOHDABY SCHOOLS, j 12S 


Sec. 9. One-year State (fertlflcatea, valid throogboot the State for ope year, 
ahall be granted (1) to wpUcants who hare completed (onr y^ra* work in 
an accredited high schoolor other accredited institution, provided applicants 
have completed the teachers’ training course in such institution ; (2) tp appli- 
cants who pass an examination hefore the State board of exanalnersj with a 
minimum average ot 75 per cent and minimnm grade of 60 per cent ih arith- ^ 
metic, civil government, geography, grammar, history, orthography, physical 
geography, reading, -school law, theory and practice of .teaching, and writing. 
These certificates may be renewed only once, after satisfactory evwnoe of 
six mnutha’ successful teaching during life of such certificates. * 

Btc.M- Certificates valid In high schools only mky be issued without ex- 
amlnat^ to graduates of standard colleges or universities who have com- 
pleted 1*20 seijjester hours, Including 16 semester hours in education, as fol- 
lows : . ‘ ^ 

1. One-year State certificates. , 

2. After six months’ experience under such certificate, and upon recom- 
mendation of the proi>er county superintendent, a five-year certificate. 

3. After 30 months' experience under a five-year certificate, and upon the 
recomniendntion of Uie proper county superintendent, n State life certificate 

4. The holder of Hipy certificate authorized by this section may act as city 
«ui>erlDtendent of schools of nny city. 

Skc. 11. Certlfiontes may be issued to graduates of standard normal schools, 
valid In any grummnr school or any oneyear, two-year, or Uireeyear high 
school for one year, five years, or life on same conditions as in section 10. 

Secs! 12 and 13, A standard college, university, or normal school is one that 
shall be standardized by the United States Bureau of Bkincatiou or by a board 
of standardization composed of specified officers of Oregon educational Insti- 
tutions ami systems. 

Sec. 14. tljlbn /applicatloiv of any board of directors, the superintendent of 
public Instruction may issue a special certificate without examination, upon 
siitisfactory evidence of fitness to teach in any of the following subjects; 
Library, music, agriculture, art. manual twining, penmanship, kindergarten, 
domestic scien^, and dotuestlc art. tyi»ewrltlng, stenography, bookkeeping, 
physical cultujfe, which certificate shall entitle the holder to^each the sub- 
ject named thbroln in any school of the district under control of said board 
of directors unless revoked for cause. 

Sec. 15. Any twichor employed in a four-yen r high school shall be a gradu- 
ate of u stnnilanl college or university or a bolder of a life State certificate 
or State dtpl >nia. A cmlficnte issued to a grnduntb of n standard normal 
Bch(X)1 will eitltle the bolder to teach the teachers’ traiuiug course in any 
high s<*hool. 

Sec. 16. A ehipomry county certificate, valid only in the county of issue 
until the nox: regular examination, may be Issued by a county superintend; 
ent Id case oC necessity. SVch shall be Issne^l only on written examination 
equivalent to that for a one-yenr State certificate, unless the applicant hold 
a certificate \nlid in another State* 

Skc* 17. Tie school board 4n districts having more than 100,000 people 
[Portiandl nny crente a board of examiners'; cou.'ty superintendent shall be 
chainnafi bnd city superintendent shall be n memler. Oertlflcates Issued by 
said board shill not he valid In any other district, bpt State certifli^tes may 
be accepted b; ^ said board. 

Sec. is. Stn e certiflonfes shall be valid in any district after annual regis- 
tration and ini orsetnent by the proper county miperlotendeot The State super- 
‘Infendent shall pr^rlbe a teachers’ rending circle course, and no certificate 
shall be registered by n county superintendent for any teacher who not 
^ completed the preacHbed course for the preceding year. This section shall 
not ap^y to d stricts of the first class. 

SEal9. Any person who receives a credit of 00 per canton any subject at 
^•any regular bacbers* examlootlon shall not be required to take an examl 
nation again ii that subject for any teachers* certificate ; hot credits so earned 
shall be ^N^fo ted by absmice from educational work for three successtve 
years. Tb^ildef of any common-school certificate may enter any regular 
.examination f(r the nurpoae of securing'credlts.on any subject or subjects. 
8co. 20. N6 ] ibrson under 18 shall tec^ve a oertifleate to teAcb. . 

8kd, 21. Apillcanti for ceUiflcates sbaU fUa Mtlsfactory fvldntee 102*0841^ 
act« and fitm mi , 


l24 


EDUOAXIOITAL LBOISLATIOK AKD BB0I8I0NS. 


“rtlficate^wji be revoked for caneo by the authority an- 
ttorhsed to grant same upon written complaint of any county suDerliitendent 

- aLth^rtrtSe 

revocation of a certlfloate the holder may anneal to the 
«tSff h'****a°^^®°*’ action be by a county 8U|>erlntendent, and to the 

ten^t education If the certificate be revoked by the State suiteAu- 

Sec i“ ®®‘* county sent twice aimually. 

conducted by the proper county auperln- 
In acrordance with regulations prescribed by the State sunerln- 

“““‘y superintendent at $3 per^ay. 
tendOTt^' ^ *»e forwarded to the State ^perln- 

®*®‘® superintendent may add 10 credlta-each to any grade In two 
tendrnt ^*7 *he proper .county sn^rh. 

Stnf^ einmlnatlon by State authorities In other 

States may be accepted for equivnletit certiflcntea 

Sec. 20. The term “ teachers* training course,*’ as used In section 9 of this 
act, lUMns one that'shall f.iHy meet all of the following requirements- 

e*u'" devote not less than four hours each day to 
tlia teatAers training course, and, such teacher or teachers slinll have be<‘n 
grailuat^ed from a standard normal school or Its equivalent, which Mnlva- 
lency ^11 te passed uiwn by the superintendent of public Instruction.^ 
siiMro teachers exclusive of the city superintendent shall give their 

to Instruction In subjects iibove graniroar-schoul siilijects 

course jhnll be given In the tenth, eleventh and twelfth 
Xr“pnK‘;l-|s'"™nr'^“‘’' ^perintendent may. at his discretion; nd.nit 

th^ee7o;rC,\U*:grady7'"^ 

nol?iL^ review of at feast nine weeks In each of the following subjects- 
w it'^KtoPhy- '1'1‘ls work sball include sub- 

J^ Mtter, underlying principles, and methods of teaching, and should enable 
.M*t^“t^of Vstudenr'^*' subject, from the standpoint of a teacher at well 
(b) A study of American history. 

mithLit* ^ periods of professional training to include a study of 

nictbods, Bchool luonDgoiucnt, And ol>scrvntIoD work. 

6. Schools oflferlngshis" course shall have n reference library of at least 
thr^ volumes on each of the following fields of professional stiidy: nistory 
of ^u^tion, principles of education^ methods and special training In Indus- 
trial education. Including agriculture. ^ maus- 

^ is hot in the regular course ofNitudv, It 

shall be required In the teachers' training course. 

I tochers’ training class shall be organl 2 e<l In any school with less than 
^ght pupils, and eve^ scholar admitted In such class shall continue under 
instruction not less than 32 weeks In order to be counted In such teachers' 
training class, 

8. The claas ahall spend at least one hour a day for at ijaft l6 weeks in 
olw^aUon end pwctlce work, where the latter is practlcnblT < 

*^***** complete such other work as the superintendent of public 
Instruction may require. 

m Provided, That not more than 8 units on the basis of 16 units required 
^ ^ given the teachers’ training course 
11. The prin^pnl of any school or Institution that malntelns a teachers’ 
fining class shall on or before the 1st day of July of each year (lie with 
^e mperlnb^ent of public Instruction a sworn statment on blanks furnished 
wP€riatendent of public Instruction for that purpose to the effect that 

training clai^ as provided for In this 
ss^pn or tntbe State course of study have been compllslT with 
* 5?* Buperlptendent shall hold anuesUy a twchers" countr 

Retiring to teach; and all teacl^ in the public scbodls of 
.hii mAliM to aUe^ luperlntend^t bf publlq 








TEACHERS IK ALEMEKTABT AKD 8EC0KDABT SCHOOLS. 125 

Instruction may. at his discretion, upon a written complaint of the county 
superintendent, revoke the certificate or refuse to ?rant a certificate to any 
teacher who refuses to attend the county institute without cause. The county 
superintendent shall receive the assistance and cooperation of the superin- 
tendent of public instruction in bolding annual institutes. Every teacher 
attending any annual coi.aty institute held In accordance with the provisions 
of this net shall be given by the county superintendent a certificate setting forth 
nt what sessions of said institute such teacher shall have been in attendance, 
and any teacher who^ shall have closed his nr her school for not more than 
three days in order to attend said institute shall not forfeit bis or her wages as 
teacher during such time as he or she shall have been in attendance at said 
institute, and the certificate hereinbefore provided for shall be evidence of 
such attendance. If the institute is held durlug the session of school, the 
directors shall be required to grunt three days’ time of actual service to their 
teachers to attend the said Institute, during which time their i>ay as teachers 
shall continue. 

2. It shall be the duty of each county school superintendent to organise- 
ami bold annually at least three local institutes or educational meetings In 
various parts of his county at such times and places ns he nmy deem ex- 
pedient. and he shall secure at these meetings, so far ns practicable, the at- 
tendance and cooperation o^ school officers, teachers, and parents. 

2. All claims for defraying the ex]>en8ea of such institutes shall be auditeil 
ami i>aid as are all other claims against the county: PrbvUled, That the total 
niimnnt paid by any county for eaeli fiscal year shall be $2 for each school- 
room In operation in such county during such year: Provided further^ That 
if in any county this amount does not equal the sum of $150 for each fiscal 
4Mr, then the county court of such oount.r shall api>roprlate from the general 
fynd of the county for defraying the exi>eu8es of such teucherB* institutes the 
sum of $150; Provided further. That the total amounts allowed for claims for 
such exi»enses In any county for teachers’ institutes shall not exceed $400 each 
fiscal year. Should there be any balance In the Institute fund nt the time 
this act shall he in effe<*t. the ciiunty treasurer Is hereby authorized and oom- 
ummle<l to transfer such balance from the Institute fund to the general fund 
of his county. ' Ch. 58. Feb. 14, 19J1. 

Ponnsylvania: See A (a). 

Wasliington: Amending sections 5. 7. and 9^ Article T, chapter 12, Title III^ 
and section 1. Article IV, chapter 12. Title III, nnd^sectlon 1, Article VII, 
chapter 12. Title 111 of the code of public Instruction/ relating to the qualifica- 
tions of teachers and the issuance of certificates. Ch. 16, Feb. 18. 1011. 
West Virginia: Amending and reenacting sections SI, 86, 88, and 91 of chapter 
45 of the Code as last amended and reenacted by the acts of the legislature 
of 1908, cJUro session, relating /o the examination of teachers. 

Increases amount allowed State sui>erlntendent for preimrlng questions, 
gnidlng manuscripts, etc., from $5,000 to $7,000 annually. Increases power 
of State superintendent In revocation of license. Increases fine for tampering 
with examination of questions. Reduces examination fee from $2 to $1.50. 

Ch. 66, Feb. 27, 1911. 

Wisconsin: Amending section 411-6 of the statutes, relating to certificates 
to g|^duates from county training schools for teachers, 

. ' Ch. 602. July 7. 1911. 

Wiscoiuin: Amending siibsec^ou 1 of section 450-1 of the statutes, relating 
te the examination. qunlIflcattetiw-*Dd certification of tenchere applying for 
thlrd^gmde certificate Ch. 569, July 6, 1011. 

Wisconsin: Amending Subsection 3 of section 490d of the statute relating to 
qnallflcationB of teaiShers in State graded schools. Ch. 449, June 26, 1911. 
Wisconsin: Amending subsection 1 of seettou 450-1 H>f the statute relating 
to the examlnatloii, qualiflcatlont certification of teachers. 

Exempts certain teebers from attmidi^ profesalq^^^^^W^ 


T 


126 EDUCATIONAL lAKIIBLAXION AND DECISIONS. 

E. (b) Teachers* Ezasiiiiations and Certificates: General. 

^ Idaho: See A (a). 

Iowa: Relating to teachers^ eertiflcates, 

^rtiflcates of other States vulldated by Uie board of examiners Rhall be 
valid for five years. State diplomas.. SUite certificates, special certlficuttw 
validated cerUficates of other States, and certificates granted to graduates of 
a^redlted normal schools and colleges shall be renewed for life upon payment 
of $6 and proof of successful exi>erlence for five years, three of which shall 
have been during the Ufe of said certificate or renewals thereof. Examina- 
tions are required for si)eclal certificates [iustead of being Issued “under 
rules and regul tions prescribed by the State board of examiners ']. Former 
requirement tbnt applicant for first-grade certificate Khali have completed a 
course of study In an approved college or nomiuJ school is omitted; testimonial 
from superintendent or prlncliml shall tK? accepted to show that applicant for 
renewal of sUch certificate bos pursued a line of professional study [provision 
for examination to show siime is omlttetl). Holders of sec'ond and third grade 

^^ifleates who apply for higher certificates need not be reexamlneil ui>on 
oraches In which they have already passed, unless th^y so desfse In order to 
raise their rating. First-grade and si>eclal certificates shall be reneweni for 
life after five years’ continuous successful oxi>erIence, uimu reaching a sj>oci- 
fled high rating in eiamluatlon and upon proof of prefesstonal study daring 
the entire five-yenr i>erIod; fee for such life certificate, $r>. Third-grade cer- 
tificates Shull be valid for one year [Instead of six months], and may be re- 
newed once [no renewal previously alioWod]. All life certificates provided 
for In this act shall lapse If holder shall uot teach during a period of five 
successive years. 

The fee of $1 required of each teacher attending n conut v normal Institute 
U abolished. ch, 130, Apr, 10, 1911. 

Kansas: Relating to teachers’ certificates Issued by county boards of exam- 
iners, ’ * . 


A 


Prof^lonar certificates discontinued. Eleven branches speolfletl for examl- 
*nation for first, second, and third grade certificates, and the State board of 
education is authorized to prescribe additional subjects for either grade. Ele- 
ments of agriculture added as a required subject In all examinations. Mini- 
mum age requirements are raised from 19 to 20 years for first-grade aiid from 
16 to 18 for third-grade certificates. 

“Any person holding n second-grade certificate may retain for two years any 
grade of 90 per cent or njore, securcxl at not to e.\cee<l four regular county 
teacbere* examinations, and such grade shall be applied toward meeting the 
requirements for a first-grade certificate, but no grade received prior to the 
Issuance 6f such second-grade certificate shall be so applied: And provided 
further. That a first-grade certificate may be renewe<l at Its expiration ni>on 
the payment of a fee of $1 If It Is shown that the holder has attemled at 
least DO per cent of the time of at least one normal Institute, or has had six 
weeks’ professional training In some approved s(‘hool during the period for 
which the certificate has been Issued : And provided further. That the appli- 
cant shall have performed such professional work os the State board of educa- 
tion or county superintendent aball direct and shall not have remained out of 
school work longer than two consecutive yeara 
“After May 1, 1918. no person shall be granted a certificate who has not 
completed at least one year of school work In an accredlte<l high school or Its 
equivalent, and after May 1, 1916, no person shall be grunted n <tertlflcnte who 
has not completed at least two yeat^ of hIgh-school work or Its equivalent, 
and after May 1. 1917, no person shall be granted a certificate who has not 
completed four years of high school or Us equivalent: Provided further, That 
this requirement shall not apply to anyone who has taught at least six school 
months before May 1, 1912: And provided further, That the State board of 
education may make such temporary modification pt the requirements of this 
section as. may be necessary to supply the schools, with teachers." 

’ 'tJh, 277, Feb. 28, 1911. 

Kansas; Prescribing conditions for Issuing State teachers’ . certiflC|it« by the 
State board of edneatton, 

Upon appllcatldh of aw college or nnlversl^ in the United States requiring 
the of a ^^year h^h^^ool <mrse txM matnjtabi^ 




TEACHEB8 IK SLEMEKTABT A2>nj 8E00KDABT SCHOOLS. 127 


ing a department of ediiCAtion, the State board of education may examine the 
couree of study prescribed and the c]iaracter of work done, and If found 
satisfactory the said board shall place such institution upon the accredited list. 
An y institution upon said list shall be subject to examination by the State 
board of education at its pleasure, and shull be dropped if found falling to 
maintain a satisfactory standaid. To each gnidunte»from an approved course 
In institutions on the a^cre<lited list the said board shall issue a three-year 
State certiflcnte; and upon the expiration thereof, if the holder has taught 
succesHfully at least two years, and has l^cpt himself informed in the general 
literature of his profession, said board shall Issue to him a life certificate. 

Ch. 270,'^Iar. IS, 1911. 

>lichigan: Relating to tenchers* certificntos In certain cities. 

Id tncori>orated cities employing a principal of the high school and also a 
suporlr tondent who gives not less than oiie-tliird [Instead of one-half J his time 
to hiii^ervlsion, the superimcml^t rind thelKuird of education niuy examine 
tendiors and grant ceniUcate8^ In all cases the f?tate snperintendeut of 
public Instructhm slinll prescribe the terms and conditions of such certltlcntes. 

140, Apr. 26, 1911. 

Michigan: Amending an act Telating to toncliers’ certiflcutea 

Re<inlres nil apiilicants to pass oxnniinntlon ni>on ^^opl law and the course 
‘ of study for Tllstrict schools prepared by the State wrperintendeut of public 
instruction. Other clmngos of miner character. No. 20, Mar. 24, 1911. 


Mississippi: Teachers exeni))t from further examination for State license may 
jtrocure sjime, e'en if oxainiaation papers have been destroyed In any way, 
{Previous provision relattsl only to destruction in fire destroying county court- 
house.) ^ Ch. 252. Jan. 31, 1912. 


Missouri: Amending the revised statutes relating to county teachers’ certifl* 


cntGS. 


Meiliffivnl history is Introduced ns an optional In examinations for first- 
grade certificntoB. In add It inn to the scholastic retpiirenients, each applicant 
who has had four months’ c.xpcrlcncD shall be graded by the county superin- 
tendent on teaching ability and school management. E*ich applicant shall 
he graded on these professional qualities at the time of each renewal and 
oiu b Issue of a^new certificate. Kight months’ [IiiHtciui of one year’sl ex- 
perience re(piired for a first-grade certificate. 

The county sui>erintendent shall forwanl to the State snpt'rintendeut nil 
piil*ers of all ni>plicants for first-grade certificates and of all other applicants 
who shall request their ivar>ers to be sent to the State BupferlntendeUt, Snid 
“^t:ite.8ui>eriiitendent of public schools shall carefully grade all papers, keep 
n ro<‘ord of said gradea certify them to tlie proiwr county sui>erlntendent 
nild return said panel's to snid county Hupeiiutoudent, who shall preserve 
them for at least one year. 

.^•‘l?'’rom and after September 1, 1012, all applicants for first or second 
grade certificates to teach nuist present evidence of having completed the 
first year’s work of a cla88i^h^d or nooreillted high school as defined in sec- 
tion 10923, II. 8. Mo, 1009, or Its equivalent. From and after September 1, 
1914, all applicants Yor first or set'ond grade certificates imist presefut evi- 
dence of having completed two ycjrs of such work, or its *x|uivnleut. From 
and after Septemlwr 1, 1916, all applicants for first or second grade certlfl- 
entes must present evidence of having completed three years of .such work, 
or Its eqiilvnlent. From and rffte>s|eptemlM)r 1, 1918, all applicants for first 
or second grnde certificates mnst pi^nt evidence of having completed four 
years of such work, or Its equIvalent.X 

“The lilgh-school wotk herein required may be done In any public, pri- 
vate, or parochial school, or private stndy.^ond satlsfnctoty evidence thereof 
presented by the written statements of parties who have personal ^knowledge 
that such work bn^ been done, or by naming a satisfactory examination on 
the subjects for which credit Is claimed and which are not rd j;? the 

examination prescribe by aectlou 10930 of tills article: Bt That pro- 

visions ,of this section shall not apply to any person who bolds a certldcate 
entitling lilin to teach in the schools of Missouri at the time of the taking 
of thU act*' 








128 


SDXTOAHOHAL LSOIBIAnOH AOT BEOISIOKS. 


A . thtnl*grade certificate may be (franted to any one person In but four 
consecutive years [wus tomierly renewable once without examination). A 
Be(wnd*graae cer^flcate may be renewed without examination once [instead of 
mice] : a first-grade certificate an unlimited number of times : Proviticti 
Ihat tte holder q|iall give satisfactory evldwce to the county sui)erinteDdent 
of public schools that certain professional work prescribed by the. State 
superintendent has been done. Any teacher now In service who has had 
five years’ experience In teaching shall have bis or her comity certificate 
renewed an unlimited number of times on condition that said teacher con- 
tinues In the same position and is faithful In the performance or bis or her 
professional duties. , * * 

The propw county superintendent shall pass upon the moral character and 
requirements of all applicants and bis pradea of professloual qualities (i e 
teaching ability and management) of applicants with four months’ experience 
shall be averaged with the grades or the scholastic brunches. The county 
superintendent shall keep complete records of certificates. He may Indorse 
without examination a second-grade certlflcirte Issued in another county, on 
payment of a fee of $1.60. Each applicant for a certiflcote slnil) pay to the 
county superintendent a fee of $3; for a renewal of u certificate. At 

least so per cept oL^ll such fees shall be set apart for teachers’ associations 
and teachers’ mattings and the remainder shall be useil for the exi>enscs 
Incident to the examinations. The county superintendent shall remit to the 
State superintendent 6 cents for each subject written by each applicant whose 
papers arfe sent to the State superintendent. Such sums shall be used by 
the State superintendent to pay the ex]>en8e of exandulng paiK*rs. certifying 
grades, etc. The saJd State superintendent Is enq^wered to employ assist- 
ants Jor Mich purposea * ' " 

^ Gradte made In any county examination shall be good in any other county 
when the papers ha.e been graded and certified by the State superintendent. 
Grades shall be void if bolder shall have ceased active educational work for 
two consecutive years. 

This act shall not apply to cities with n iwpnlntlon of 76.000 [Instend of 
300.000] or over. Com. Sub. S. B. 240, p. 407, Mar. 30, 1911. 

Nebraska; Relating to certificates to tench in city schools, and relating t(. 
emergency certificates under certain conditions. 

“City certificates riiall be granted ns State certificates under rules pre- 
scribed by the State uuperiutendent of public instruction, and such certificates 
shall consist of six general classes, us follows: (1) Kindergarten ('>) nrl 
mary (3) grommar. (4) high school. (6) special supervisor, and (0) *hui>er- 
luteudent The rules for city certificates shall set forth In detail the stand- 
ards for each class of certificates and shall fix the mlnlmmn requlreiuenta for 
,pach class which, for teaching in the grades, must not be less thmi n scfyuid 
grade cbnnty (iertlflcate and for teaching In the high school or for supervising 
schools must not bo less than the equh'alent of a first-grade State ccr 
tlflcate. • • • 

"In emensencles ariulng fronLa ecnrclty of teacherg in any county the 
State auperlntendent of public JlMrnctlou may nt his discretion, upon the 
°s Bu^lntendent: Kmnt permission to tench In a 

q>eclfled district for a speclded term of school, the person given such per- 
mission to taach being required to attend teachers’ examlnnflons and to write 
upon such subjects as the county superintendent) may direct." 

Ch. 120. Apr. 8, 1011. 

New bampahlre: Amending chapter 49, secOon 2, of the luwa of 1806. 

AnthorlclDg the State superintendent of public Instruction, without the 
T^ulrement of the examination provided by law, to Issue a certlflcate to any 
person who has served ns a teacher In the public schools of the State for n 
yew when In his Judgment the educational Interests of the 
State will be served by such action. ch. 181, Apr. 14, 19ii 

New BMinpihlre; Aiuendtag chapter 92, sections 2 and 8, of the Public Stat- 

■ ntsa-,". • 

sections 2. and 8 which provide that local school 
riMmihU tM tatphia ttona And Isirob teasers’- certiacatea. 



TEA0HBB8 IK ELEMEKTABT AKD SBOOKDABY SCHOOLS. 129 


New Jenej: HepeaUng chapter 282, 1911, which proTlded that diplomas of 
school district training schools may be accepted by the State board of exam- 
iners as teachers* c^tlficates, valid In the schools of sndb district. 

The old law, restored, provides for a board of examiners In each city school 
district Diplomas of school district training schools may be accepted by the 
board of edncatloD of said district as valid In snch district (1. a, the local 
board controls the examination of teachers In cities Instead of the State '*rd. 
pf examiners),^ Ch. 864, Apr. 2, 1912. 

New York: Amending the education law. 

Section 798 omits provision requiring school commlasloDers to issue teachers' 
certificates to graduates of training classes in academies and onion schools, 

... • Oh. 140, Apr. 22, 1910. 

North Dakota: See A (o). 

Ohio: Relating to teachers’ professional certtflcatea 

Requires as a qualification for such certificates experience In teaching of 
at le^t 40 months,, and a minimum grade of 85 per cent In any one branch, 
and a general average of not less than 92 per cent 

Laws 1910, pp. 305-306; H. B. No. 423, May 19, 1910. ' 

Ohio: Relating to certlflcatoe of teachers In village, township, and special 
school districts. If 

After September 1, 1912, elementary agrlcnlture slull ^be added to the 
subjects which applicants for elementary-s^ool certlflcates shall be qualified 
to teach. Agriculture Is added to electives in examinations for high-school 
teachers. H, B. No. 520, p. 129, May 18^ 1911. 

Ohio: Fixing the date of termination of teachers’ ceHlflcates. i 


Certificates issued by county boards of examiners shall be valid from the 
1st day of September iollovring the day of examination. Temporary certifi- 
cates may be issued In the meantime. H. B. No. 199, p. 418, June 8, 1911 

Ohio: Providing lor the certification of teachers. 

Laws 1910, pp.‘ 317-^19: H. B. No. 47, May 10, 1910. “ 

Sonih Dakota: Amending section 16 of chapter 186 *of the laws 1907, as 
amended by chapter 260 of the laws Of 1900. 

Provides that fees for teachers’ certificates shall constitute a ” State pro- 
fessional fund,” to be used In conducting Investlgntlons and gathering data 
of the progress of education. Ch.‘144, Mar. 7, 1911. 

Texas: Amending the law relating to teachers' dOctificatea 




All ^mlnattODS shall be In writing and In the English language. Oerttfl* 
cates shall be^f two kinds: (1) ’Temporary certificates, including (ft) second- 
grade and (b) first-grade certlflcatea [Third-grade certlflcates discontinued.] 
(2) Permanent certificates, Including (a) State permanent certificates and 
(b) State permanent primary certificates. 

An Applicant for a second-giAde certificate shall be examined In spelling, 
reading, writing, arithmetic, Eigllah grammar, geography, Texas history, 
elementary physiology and hygiene, with special reference to narcotics, 
school management and methods of teaching, United States hlsto^, and ele- 
mentary agriculture. [Last subject new.] An applicant for a first-grade 
qertiflcate shall t>e examined In the mibjects prescribed for a second-grade 
certificate, and in addition thereto in English composition, civil government, 
algebra, physical geography, elements of geometry, and general history^ 
Second and first grade certificates valid fo'uf ye^ If. average in exami<< 
nation Is 75 per cent, with minimum of JiO per (Sat In any subject; six 
years if average is 85 per cent, with minimum of 50 p« cent. 

An applicant for a litate pemanent primary certificate shall be examined 
in the subjects prescribed for a second-grade certificate, and in addition 
^hereto thp subjecte of civil fovemmont, English composition, phy^cal geogin- 
phy, the. history of eaucatibn, elementary i^hology applied to teacl^n^ 
and*:^11^and At^ . 




180 EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION AND DBCISIONa ' 


The holder of a State permanent primary certlflcate may bnlld to a State 
permanent certlflcate during the first six years of the validity of said oer- 
tlflcHte by taking the examination in the following odditloual subjetds: 
Algebra, physics, elemen.lury geometry, general history, chemistry, solid 
geometry, plane trigonometry, elementary douhle-entry bookkeeping ; Pro- 
vided. That a person holding a State penimnent primary certiMcate seounMi 
by building on a State first-grade certificate shall not be required to be re- 
examined In the subjects of algebra, physics, elementary geometry, and gen- 
eral history In building to a State i>ermnnent certificate. 

The holder of a State first-grade certificate may build to n State pern^ment ^ 
primary certificate by taking the examination in tiie following additional 
^subjects: History of education, elementary psychology applItNl to teaclilun. 
English and American literature. The applicant In building from a State 
first-grade certifltute to a State f)erinanent primary certificate shall take the 
examination in one or more of the additional sMltje<*ts at the same exuniina- 
tlon. An applicant for a State (>ermanent oertlficnto slinll be examined bn 
the subjects prescribetLfor sm)rid and first grade certlticatos, and In addition 
thereto In the history of education, psychologj*. Kngllsh and American litem- 
ture, chemistry, solid geometry, physics, plane trigonometry, and elementary 
double-entry bookkeeping. 

The holder of a valid certificate of either class ni'ny build to a higher cer- 
tificate by i>assing examlntitlons In the required* addiUttun I HubJ(K?ts, having 
the privilege of being examined in one or more subrecb^i any examination. 

Second-grade certificates and ]>ernmnoat primary' certificates are valid only 
In elementary grades, J^irst-grade cert! float os ,i ml State permanent certifi- 
cates are. valid in any public free school. Slate pennnnent primary certifi- 
cates .and State permanent certificates ur^ valid during the life of their 
reepectlTe holders. 

Appropriate provision is made for. graduates and cortiflcnto holders from 
the State Normal College, Peabody Normal College, deimrtment of cNlnrntlon 
of the University of Texas, and of other Instltution.s of like clmracter. The 
holder of a life oertiflcate of another State may receive ,» State permanent 
i-i certificate. 

Any city or town which has a scholastic populnaion of fiOO nr more, forms 
an indep«>deDt district, levies a local school tax. maintains schools for nine 
^ months In the year, and employs a suiterlut^mlenr may have n city board of 
examiners. Said board , of examiners may issue temporary and permanent 
certificates of three' classes, namely, primary, first grade, ami high school. 
The State si^>erlntendent of public Instruction may issue n State kindergarten 
certificate, valid four years, to each graduate of nn approved kindergin ien 
training F''hool. Aft^ three years’ snccossful experience the holder of such 
certificate may receh^ n State permanent kindergarten certlflcate, valid for 
life. 

The coupty superintendent of each county shall appoint n county board • 
of examtpers, who shall hold regular examinations quarterly, and may hold 
special examinations In emergency if authorized by the State 8ur>erlnten(Ient, 
Qu^ions used shall be prescribed by the State department of education, and 
examinations shall be under rules prescribed by said deimrtment and the 
proper county superintendent. AH papers shall be forwarded to the State 
superintendent and marke<I by the State board of exauiinorH, The State 
supeHntendent shall Issue the certificates recommended by the said State 
board of examiners. Proper record shall be kept by the Slate superintend- 
ent and the county superintendent No certlflcate shall be granted to any 
person under 10 years ^f age. 

Any county board of examiners may l^ne county second-grtde certificates, 
but not more thf^n one such certlflcate may be issued to the same Individual. 
Teachers of special branches may be employed in dtles and towns without a 
certificate. Talldity of outstandinit certificates shall not be affected by this 
act ^ ■ Oh, 96. 28, 1911. 

, Vermont: Amending ce^fn sections yelatlng to the certification of teachers. 


Teachers a^d students of regular normal schools mny'leagh iii^raCtlce 
, eChoolB wlUiout cert'ficates. Graduate from the lower course^ of a^ormnl 
flCbpol may receive a five-year cediflcnte Trefiewable), ajid a giliauate from 
higher course may receive a lO-year. certificate, which may be renewed as 
a life eertiflcatet, \ State superintendent of education may gMnt certmciitee to 
spools of other States which shau he valid for five 


TE.\CHER6 IN BLBMENTABT ANP SECONDARY SCHOOLS. 131 


years [Instead of five years from grndnatlon]. A speclul third-grade one-year 
certificate may be issued to a person who has taught successfully 50 weeks, or 
who has held a second-grade certificate and has hiught 20 weeks, not renew- 
able without examination. First-grade certificates may be reuewod without 


Vermont: Bte A (d). 


£. (c) l^achers* Elaminations and Certificates: Special. 

Indiana; C'onceming the examination of teachers in siK\*ial branches, and 
concerning exemption from further examluntlons. 

‘SECTicflT 1. Teachers In commissioned high schools, and In the manual train- 
ing, domestic science and art, and kindergarten departments of the elemen- 
tary and high schools, and teachers of German, music, drawing, physical 
culture, and other special branches of Instruction shall be examined by the 
county superintendents of schools at the times of regular teachers' examlna- , 
tions upoq^the branch or branches they are employed to teach, nnd In case 
they pass such examlnatibn successfully, they shall 1 h' llcenswl to teach such 
brnneh or branches for one, two. or three years, according to the grades ob- 
tained uiwn such exnmln:: Mon. Such license, however, shall not legally 
(piallfy Its holder for the teaching of any branch or branches not covered by 
safd exanilnallon, *«nd such teachers at the time of examination shall have 
the right to e :o have their manuscripts sent to the State dei)artujent of 
education for ling upon the terms and conditions pres(Tlbe<i for other 
teachers. 


Sec. 2. Any \ _ n who has previously taught for six con.secutlve years In the 
CDinmon schools of the State and who shall at this time hold n three years* 
IVense to teach in the elementary or hlg'* schools of the State, or who shall 
uereafter obtain such three years* licer.'ie lo teach therein, w) long as he shall 
teach the branch or bmnchbS ui>on w’hlch the license waa Issued, shall be 
forever afterwards exempt exhmlnntion. but if such i«rson shall, after 
said exemption occurs, suffer n perlwl of one year to pass without having 
taught one full school yenrin the common 8ch(HilM of the State wdtliln said 
period or s'orved In said schools, except In case of physical disability, proi>erly 
certified to by n reputable physician, then said exemption nhnll' cease. If 
said i>erson during such exemption sluill seek employment to tench other or 
higher bmnehea In the common schools of the State than those ^ranches which 
were inoliided In the examination upon which the three years* license was 
Issued.'then he shall be examined in such additional brnnclies. The exemp; 
tlon shall apply to all licenses whether Issued by the county superintendent 
or the State superintendent of. public Instruction: Provided, That au exemp- 
tion acqulrwl uix>n a Mcense Issued by a county suiwrlntendent shall be 
limited to the county In which such license was fssueil. An applicant for a 
State exemption shad present n certifietl statement from n county superin- 
tendent showing where and when sxich teacher has taught, nnd the license 
upon which the request for cxemiition is based. If tile exemption is granted, 
the superintendent of public Instnicllon shall nttuch the exguptlon to the 
original license. The superintendent shall charge and collect a license fee of 
$1 from each applicant for state exemption. 

Sec. 3. AU exemption heretofore acquired shall remain In full force so long 
as the holders thereof shall comply^ with the terms of section 2 of this net 


Nevada: See A (a). ^ 

Ohio: Relating to certificates Issued to apeclal teachers. 

Includes Spanish In the list of subjects, for the Inching of which a special 
certificate la r^ulred. Provides for a ‘^teachers’ special eerrlficnte*’ fbVprI* 
mary achooH^cbera. ExamluuUoua for special certificates shnU beheld 


examination after 50 weeks experience. 


No. 64, Jan. 4, 1011, 



Ch. 81. Mar. 2. 1011. 

Massachusetts; Requiring teachers dn State-aid^ high schools to hold cer> 
tlflcntes issued by the State board of educaUon. Ch. 375, Apr. 20, 1011. 


twice in each school yhar. 


.H, B, No, 210., p, 430, June 8, 1911. 



182 EDUCAlTOWAL LEGISLATION AKD DECISIONS, 


E. (d) Teachers^ Certificates; Validity; Indorsement; Registration; 

Revocation. 

Minneflot*: delating to the rerocation and 'suspension of teachers’ certificates. 

Action by county superintwident on written complaint, with npptel to State 
superintendent. Causes: fl) Inimornl character or unbecoming conduct : (2) 
fallnre to fulfill contract: (8) incmdency; (4) affliction with active tubercu- 
losis or communlcfible ^ilsease. (Former law was less si>eclfic.) 

Ch. 96. Apr. 7. 1911. 

* Bfissouri (1910) : TVbATe one school dlstfCt^oes entirely out of existence by 
being annexed to or merged In another, if no arningemont.s have been niado 
as to Its property and liabilities, the subsisting district will be entitled to all 
property and Itabllltles. \ 

WhVre a teachers’ certificate recited that It was for one year from Septem- 
ber 6, 1004, unless revoked, writing after the signature “ good till next regular 
examination. Alarch. 1905,” held not to limit the duration. 

Where a school-teacher bas a certificate as n licenced teacher, at the time 
of employment. It la not nninired that it extend to the end of the term of 
employment; all that Is retnulred Is that It be renewed. 

Where u school-teacher was competent and had a certificate to that effect 
and his contract was lawfri. that his certificate did not state that It was either 
first or second, class, he^d, not to affect Its validity.— Abler r. Sch Diat of 

I St. Joseph, 124 8. W., 664. « 

West ^irglnia: Providing for the Issuance of teachers* emergency certificates. 

Emergency certificates may be issued by State su;>erinten(lent upon the 
reconmiendutlon of the county sui>erlutendent. Not to be Issued more than 
once to same person. Void after succeeding June 30. 

Ch. 27, Feb. 25. lOli. 

Wisconsin: Repealing section 468 of the statutes, relating to coun^raignlng 
the diplomas from the normal departments of the Milwaukee high .«*oliool. 

The State sur>erintendent may no longer cotintorslgn such diplomas aud thus 
validate them for all the common sqhools of the State. 

Ch. 182, May 19. 1911. 

Wisconsin: Amending section 452a of the statutes, relating to the counter- 
signature of high-echool diplomas by county superintendents. 

Ch. 179, May 19. 1911. 


£. (e) Teachers’ Certificates; Recognition of Normal School and 
^ College or University Diplomas. 

^ Florida: Amending section 371, general statutes. 

A life certificate may be Issued to holder of State cortlflchte who has suo- 
ceaafnlly taught 18 [was 30] months In a high school or college. 

Ch. 6164, (No. 46), June 6, 1911. 

Bflsslsslppl: Every collegiate or normal graduate of the Mississippi Industrial^ 
Institute and College shall receive a teachers' professional license: Provulrtl, 
Collegiate graduates must have taken at least nine hours In a professional 
course and obligate themselves to tench three years : And provided. Normal 
gradnatee obllistate themselves to teach three years In public schools of the 
State, two of which shall be in rnrnl schools. Those who enter the normal 
d^tartment hereafter must give a written pledge to so teach. . 

^ ' Ch. 163, Mar. 16, 1912. 

Moutaiia: Rdatlug to quAllflcatlODs of teachera 


Qraduates of State university may, after vestry of diploma In office of 
State iuperlntend^t, teach In high schoeU without examtuhtiou. 




r 


teachers: employmekt, contract, etc. 188 


SisM J(?r8cy: Amending an act entitled “An act to establlBh a thorough and^, 
^Jcienl system of free public schools' and to provide for the maintenance,:^ 
support, and management thereof.” approved October 19, 1903, 

Diplomas issued by approved city normal or training -achoola may be 
accepted by tlie State board of education as certificates to teach, valid for 
sirbh cltjy' district Ch. 282, Apr. 27, 1911. 

South Dakota: Amending sections 14 and M of chapter 135 of the acts of 
1907. 

A diploma, from any State normal school of South Dakota, having a course 
of study In which at least two years’ [Increased from one year! work above 
an approved four-year hlgh-school course is required, may be accepted In lieu 
of an oxnrninatlon for a SUite teacher’s certificate. 

A diploma from any State normal school or any approved school of South 
Dakota having a normal department approved by the State superintendent 
and having a course of study lu which at least two years' wor^ beyond the 
first two years in an approvLMl fjur-yeiir high- school course Is r^ulred, and 
which shall include itrofesslonal instruction and practice teaching equal to one 
class hour daily for two years, may be accepted In lieu of an examination for 
first-grade certificate. 

A diploma of a similar school having a like course of two years* work be- 
yond an approved clghth gmde course may be accepted in*Ueu of an examina- 
tion for a second-grade certificate. Ch. 136, Mar. 2, 191X 


£. (f) Teachers’ Associations. # 


F. TEACHERS: EMPLOYMENT; CONTRACT; APPOINT- 
MENT; DISMISSAL. 


(a) GeneraL 

Arizona: Prohibiting tie employment of persons aflMcted with pulmonary 
tuberculosis in the. public schools. 

Any teacher, principal, or superintendent of the public schools shall submit 
to an examlmiUon twice a year If required by the school board, or If afflicted 
with tuberculosis shall Immediately resign. No warrant for further pay shall 
be drawn for such person. f Ch, 37, May 16, 1912. 

Arkansas: Amending septlon 7615 of Kirby’s Digest [Code of 19041. 

% 

requires copy of contract with teacher to be filed with county treasurer. 

Act 206, p. 164, Apr. 24. 1911. 

*Atkansas (19U) : A director heljg^snbled from making a contract ‘With a 


T 


BCbooJ district. 

A school district held liable for services performed by a director under a 
voidable contract. — Smith et ah v. Dandrldge et al., 135 S. W., 800. 

Oaliforula: Amending section . 1606 o^^e Political Code, relating to the dutiea 
of teachers. Ch. 686, May 1. 1911. 

OaXlfomia: Amending section 1793 of the Political Code, relating to htdders 
^ of certificates eligible to teach. 

Holders of city or city and county cerUfleateei after being employed, shall 
be dlamisaed only for cause. Ch. 477, Apr. 18, 1911. 

*CaUforxda (1910) : An action will be against g board of trustees by a prin- 
cipal of schools for unlawful breach of his. contract of emidoym^t 
- Action of county school superintendent in sustaining dismissal of a t ea dw . 
. iKMfd of tnuftees bMd blndl^ OR tbq tnistess. , _ ^ ^ 



134 


KDUOABIONAL LEGISLATION AND DECISIONS. . 


Writ of mandate held not to Ue to ccrmpel the reinstatement of a school 
principal unlawfully discharged by the board of trustees. — Taylor v, Marshall 
et al., 107 Pftc„ 1012. 

* Oalfforoia (1910) ; The rtght conferred l)y Pol. Code, sec. 1793. is conferred 
only as an Incident to the holding of u city certificate as distioguisbed from a 
county. State, or si>ecinl (‘ertlflcate. 

law recognizes but three school sfrndes, namely, primary, grammar, and 
nigh school, and certificates authorizing teachers to* Instruct in these grades 
qualify the teacher for service only In the grade or grhdes covered by the 
certificate. 


Board of education has power to transfer a teacher from clas.s to class or 
from school to school, providing the teacher shall be retained In some class In 
a school of the grade which the certificate qualifies him to tench In. 

In the absence of a constitutional or statutory limitation boards of educu- 
Gon may exercise an miliraited discretion both in the employment and dis- 
missal of teachers and la their transfer and assignment. 

Teachers elected without definite tenure have the right to hold their posl- 
tlons while competent and faithful and are subject to dlsnilssjd only for insub- 
ordination, etc., though board of education may consolidate classt^s and dlscou- 
tlnue a school or class In the interest of! economy or for other good cause and 
may determine what teacher shall retire. 

Where a teacher was without cause placed upon the unaaslgned list, while 
uway on a leave of absence, upon her return she was entitle<m:o Immediate 
assignment, and she could draw her salary until latvfnlly assigned to a posi- 
tion in the same class. — Loohr v. Bd. of Ed. et al., 108 Pac., 325. 

Hawaii: Providing that no i>erson afflicted with tuberculosis shall be allowed 
-to t^ch In any public or private school. Act 118, sec. 6, Apr. 21, 1911. 


• Indlai\a. (1911) : A court held to have i>ower to reform a written coni met to 
to teach by correcting a mistake In date.— City Ech. Corp. of Evansville v 
Hickman, 94 N. E., 928, 


* Indiana (1909) ; A teacher In accepting employment Impliedly agrees that he 
has the learning necessary to enable him to teach and the capacity of Im- 
parting that learning to others.— Biggs v. Sch. city of Mount Vernon, 90 

E., 105. 

• Kansas (1910) : A school-teacher held dismissed by the district school board 
and county ^^rlntendeat In compliance with Gen. Stat. 1909, sec. 7468. 

A. dismissal of n schpip-teacher at a meeting of two members of the school 

• district board and the county superliitemlent held effective— Duncan t; Sch 
Dlst. No. 8, Keno Co.,. 112 Pnc., 102. 

• Kcntncky (1910) : That one has certificate to teach held presumptive evidence 
that she possesses the necessary quallflcntlons, and a board of education 
electing her may so assume. 

tnder Ky. Sint,, sec, 4428n8 (Russell’s Stnt„ sec. 6610n6), the meetings 
of boards of eilucntlon for the election of teachers must he held at the time 
apedfled In the statute or at such times, as the chairman of the board may 
designate. 

Under Ky. StaL, sec. 4426a4 (RusselPs Stat, sec. 5610n4), the county 
superintendent Is not required to attend meetings of a division board ; but 
he hmy cast the deciding vote after being. Informed of a tie vote. 

Where a teacher has been regularly elected by a boa^jd of education, tfie 
chairman and secretary of the board held required to entSr Into a valid con* 
tract with her. 

The chairman of a board of education held not entitled to defeat man- 
damus to compel him to sign a teacher's contract on the ground that Ae 
contract he refused to sign was not In proper form. — Davis et al. v. HarHson 
181 S. W-, 272. . 

• Maryland (1911) : An appointment of a teacher held void ag not wlttln the 

power conferred^ the sehoor commissioners by Baltimore City code. secs. 
09, lot ^ c ^ . 

A compliance with all the>iuhatantial requirements* of the statute is essen- 
tial to a valid appointment of a teacHer.—Semmes et al. Bd. of Sch. Com'n e. 
..Howland, 70 At^ 472. " > W 


1S6 


' teachers: employment, contkact, etc* 

* Michigan (1012) : A school-tejicber wiis entitled to recover the oentr^ct value 
of ber services for teaclilnj; durinR an entire term, though one of the three 
members of the board erase<l his signature from the contract of employment, 
becauK*‘ the title to bis office was in dispute, and another member did not 
sign the cHmtruct In person, but directed bis wife to sign "his name thereto; 
there being iv sufficient execution of the contrg^^t under Pub. Acts 1901, No. 
140, s<^c. 1. reciulring the district board to hire teachers, and providing that all 
contracts shall be signed hy a majority of the board; such teacher having 
be<Mi pcrniittod to continue under the contract for the entire term without 
protest.— Chalmers v. Sch. Dlst. No. 1, Keynoj^s Twp., 130 N„ W., 388. 

Mississippi: Kogtilatlng the number of assistants allowed In a school district. 

An assistant may be allowed by the county adperlntendcnt when a school 
has more than 3r> |uii)lls In actual attendaiice In five grades, none of whicn 
shall contain less than 3 pupils [was more than 40). 

A second assistant may be allo\ve<l If ihe school has as many ns 70 In eight 
grades I was more than 80]. Ch. 247, Feb. 9, 1912, 

♦^llssouri (1010) : .1 written contract employing a teacher held not to give 
the lencher the right to teach in the high school only. — Simms v, Gilmore 
et 111., 130 S. W„ 1120. 

* New Haini>shire (1010) : A regulation of the school hoard not blmllng unless 
reconlod l)y the district dork and rend as reqidred by the statute. 

School hoanl are tnistoes of the district and It Is not liable on contracts 
made by them for the wages of teachers. 

School boanl not juithorized to dl8uiis« a teacher for falling to comply with 
a regulation without first giving her a heariiH?. 

School board may not fix the teachers’ boarding place. — Home v Sch, DIflt 
of Chester, 75 At, 431. * " ' . 

' * 

* New Jersey (1912) : The supervising principal of a school district tendered 
her resignation to take effect April 1. On March 31 the board decided not 
to accept the resignation, and so notllled her April 1. On April 3 the board, 
whoso memhershiit had not clianged, wklthouc notice accepted the resignation. 
7/c/f/. th,'it such action was void, becuuse the resignation was not then pending 
and no opportunity to be heard was uPTorded such principal. — Nicholson v. Bd. 
of Ed.^of SNvedesboro Dlst. et at, 83 At.. 488. 

* New York (1010) : The, board of etlucntlon of the city of New York, In detei^ 
mining whether a given iMjsitlon shall be filled by u man or woman teacher 
may cauw separate lists of men and women of the eligible list to be made. 

A female holder of a grade A license held not entitled to complain of the 
apiK)intiueut of a mule teacher holding u “graduating class ” license where 
male holders of grade .Y licenses were unavailable ami In the board’s judgment 
the welfare of the siy'vlce required a male teacher. — Fitzpatrick v, Bd. of Kd. 
of City of New^ York et at, 125 N. Y„Sup., 954. 

♦New Yorl?^(1010) : A teacher In the New York schools holding a grade A 
llconse on February 1, *1808. held under Greater New York charter ( Laws 
1901, cb. 480) sec, 1101, entitled to any ixisltlon lu grade S-B afterwards estab- 
lished, superioFto the appointment of persons In such grade who bad not held 
a grade A license. ^ . 

A holder of a grade’ A license In the public schools' of New York City is 
prejudiced by adding to the list of persons eligible forvpromotlon the names 
of persona who bad not held licenses of that ^ude, or by the promotion of 
one not the holder of soph a license, ' 

Greater New York charter (Laws 1001, ch. 466), sec. llOt, is hot nnconstittt* 
tional because discriminating us to promotion between the holders of grade A 
licenses In the public schools issu^ prior to Feb, 1, 1808, and holders of such^ 
licenses JssueH between February 1, 1898, and April 22, 1901. — Fltspatrtek r. 
Bd. of Ed. of City of^ew York et ah, 124 N. Y. Sup., 765. , 

* Oklahoma (1910) : Declarations' and acts of individual mbrnbera of board of 
directors of school district will not create a contract of hiring with a teacher 
enforceable against the dUtrict—Sch. Dlst No^ B8, Pdttowatomie Oo. a, 
Sheltoiit 100 Paa, 67. 


IS6 IDT70ATI0SAL IJGI8IAI10N AMD DSOISIOM8. 

Bm a (•). 

* J?® “»Ploy™«»t of a achod-toachar made 

Tlia maintenance of a acbool for et*ht montlia la not ra<4i ■ .. 

nma^'aiSod’dL^S^” oyrnWln* llmltatlona aa to the amocnt of I^ehte^ 
l«mr.-Wolfe *. Sch. Dlat Na 2. OolumhlT^. 

■ ss2.r 

T*a of Greenfltfd, Milwaukee Co.. 129 N. ^ 940 l ^ 




(b) Teachers’ Salaries. 

education to borrow, money to pay 
tile salarleo of the public achool-teachera of their countiee. etc. 

action may be taken li^ anticipation of the receipt of State achool 

Act 298, July Ifi, 1910. 

™7*****' *>y one-alxth tiie minimum aalariea of teachera exempt 

from examination. ql 77. Mar. 1. 1911. 

* = ^era can be no recoTery for teaching a pnbUc achool baaed 

mwira Terbel contract or on a quantum meruit 

atiSJ^ ™ <®98. ■teOS, relating to the minimum 

atatntoy ^sea for teachers, H«W, that a teadier making a contract for waees 
ICM the minimum waa not barred from reUet «>r wages 

Under Bnma’ Ann. Stat 1908, seen 6B98, 6608, fcaJ4, that a teacher in .n 

'®“ “““ minimum wagea^roWdrf by 
statute could recover 'the difference between wages so .n,j dkw 

ylded by atatute.-aty Sch. Oorp. of BvansyUla^m(*ma5r^N. ZW 
Koftacky: fiae A (o). 

Humana; The minimum salaty of white teachers In any pnbUc sdiool with 
■n average attendance of 10 [was 16] or more AaU be not leta than |S00 
Oarrett County existed. Ch. 138, Apr. 8. 191Z 

Ifnasaebnaetta: Authorising the school committee of the city of to 

make appropriation to increase tite salaries of teachers. 

. Ch. 7b8, July 16, 1911, 

ITsar X«rk: Amending edfneaflon law. 

^ sch^l-dlatilet trustees to lasne a warrant tor the 

aalaiy ot a teadier unless funds are available to pay such warrant 

I . — ^ Oh. 140, Apr. 22, 1910. 

ToAt Am en?Hng Greater New Tork charter rdating to tee aalariea 
of tte n^ervliing and teadil&f staffla of tea board of adnce tioii 

® meinber te 

salary schedola now exi«tlnf ahaU nbt be reduced. 

ta5Sl‘^a^<!f f follow^ ^ 

taJeU^ effect ^ this a^ ^e salaries. Inciudins- the annua l incrementa. of aif 

mlBsicba<|?Iea and ache^ con- 
wttm tte board of edneaUoB on the ITthud 24th days of Mar 

: S!S- ‘ “>J» »«aba ba advance “a 

^ uainal Increment,' la the ad^eed 
poMtldn jfciUl. In.the. sch^nle therefor In force aittia ttine of 


TKA0HKR8 : SMPLOTJOHSy OOHTBAOT, Smii 


187 


Immediately prior to vucb adTanoei Tlw nlaiy of a prindpalt aaalatant to 
principal, or bead of a department shall be not less tmin that now fixed for 
any regular teacher in the elementary schoola In the schedules of aalarles 
hereafter adopted there shall be no discrimination based on sex of the 
member. A copy of such schedules and scbedole conditions apph)ved by the 
board of education on the 17th and 24th days of May. 1911, certified by the 
secretary of the board, shall, within SO days hereafter, be filed In the office 
of the secretary of Steta Ch. 90S, Oct 30, 1911. 

*New Tork (}911) : Id action by asedgnee of a teacher for difference between 
salary paid and that claimed to be due. AeM, that there conld be no recov- 
ery. — ^Thompson* v. Bd. of EJd. of City of New Tortt, 94 N. EL, 1082. 

Ohio: Permitting boards 'bf education of township school districts to provide 
the monthly payment of teachers upon presentation to the dark of a certifi- 
cate from the d ^ctor of the subdlstrict In wbldh the teacher is ^ployed 
statliic Iffiat the b.$rviceB have been rendered and that the salary Is due. 

• Laws 1910, p. S16, H. B. No. 64, May 19, 1910. ^ 

♦ Virginia (1911) : A teadier appointed as a vice principal by Richmond 
borough school board, subject to the roles of the dty superintendent of 
schools, held not entitled to the salary of fi vice prlndpal or head of depart- 
ment— Gonnley u. B<t of Ed,, 129 N, T. Sv*153. 

Wisconsin: Creating section 6531-1 of the statutes, coneemlng the salaries of 
teachers of agriculture, domestic economy, manual training, aM industrial 
woik. 


** I. No State aid shall be granted to. any echool for Instruction given In 
agriculture, domestic economy, manual training, or Industrial branches nnless 
the fialary paid to every teacher instructing tn such subjects be at least at 
the rate of |60 per month, 

** 2. All acts and peris of acts conflicting with any provisions of this ac^ 
are repealed in so far as they are inconsistent therewjtb/* 

Gh. 644, July 8, 19U. 


F. (c) Teachers’ Pensions. 


Arisona: Providing for the retirement of teacners. 

Any teacher who has served 25 years or more may be retired by State 
board of education, and shall thereafter receive an annual penslou of |660 
per annum, to be paid In quarterly InstnllmentB from school fund. 

Sta^ Buptflntmdent most approve quorteriy ciaima. 

Ch, 96, May 81, 1912. 

Oslifomla:* Amending law providing for a teBCbers* retirement fund. 

Increases to |160 the annual salary of clerks, to the boards of the public 
. sriK>ol-teaebem' retirement funds Ch. 674, May 1, 1911. 

Delaware: Bstahllshlng a retirement fond for pensioning teachers of the 
pnhUe Bchobla In the dty of Wilmington. . 

Soui^ of said fund; (1) Not less than A.OOO appropriated annually by 
the board of education of Wilmington. (2) Donations, legacies, etc. (8) 
Not less than $2,000 appr<H>riated annnally by the city coun^. (4) Salary 
deductions of 1 pCr cent for tSeacbers in esrrlce less thkn 10 years, 2 per cent 
for those. In service fi^ 10 to 20 years, and 8 per cent for those In tervlce more 
than 20 years; maximum deduction, |00 In any one year^ tsachsr'a 

contract shall Include provision for such deductions. (6) Other legal ineth^ 
of Increment Retirement, for Incapacity after $0 years' service (16 in WU- 
Bkingtott) ; any teacher may he retired who has reached the age of 66 and has 
serted 80 mts; any tpapher ilian be retired upon application after 85 years*, 
aenrice; (SD in Wilmingtaa), . Annuity, $400; proportional $ixionpt if service 
- ^s bm leM tfisn 8^ y4ars but over 20. yean. Beneddary muk hgTe paid . 
: $400 liibo fond befbre receiving aA iahulty; irliiu that sum has.been eonor 
1 oaasiL^ $ 06 , MeVv ' 




138 


BDUOATIONAI. LKOIBLAIION AND DECIBIOlfB. 


TUlnota: Belattog to teadiers’ penedon ftmd In cities over 100,000 [Chicago]. 

withdrawn from participation In said fund may rmew 
ffielr nght or partlcl];}at]on by repayluj? all moneys withdrawn and payinc 
accruing In the meantime, with Interest at 4 per cent, pro* 
^ded such option be exercised before July 1, 1912. Teachers* reemployed by 
^^ucatJon after July 1, 1911, may renew their participation in 
said fund within one year after such reemployment All teachers now In 
may exercise their option to participate In sold fund on or before 
July 1, 1912. g. 3 ^^ p 5 ^ 2 ^ June 6, I9il, 

minols: Authorizing the board of education of any district hartng not fewer 
than 1,000 and not more than 100.000 Inhabitants to estubllsh and maintain 
a teachers' pension and retirement fund, 

^*®*^^eductIon8, $5 per annum during the first five years of service* 
jlO per rftanum during the second five years; $15 per annum during the third 
^ annum subsequently. Teachers who i^rtlclnate In 
said fund may count past service by f)aying Into the fund the amount that 
would have been contributed during that time If they had then been partici- 
pants. Pensions may be granted after 25 years’ service or after 15 years In 
disability, three-fifths of which time shall have been In 
m district, .^nulty, $400 per annum after 25 years and prorK)rtlonnl sums 
tor shorter servl^. Any teacher whqjs discharged shall receive all moneys 
paid by said teacher Into the fund ; any teacher who resigns voluntarllv shall 
rec^ve one-half the amount paid by him or her. All teachers emplo'yed as 
such shall accept the provisions of this a(*t. 

If there Is not sufficient revenue to maintain a pension fund under the 
forcing provisions the school district may by majority vote establish a 
^nd for m reUrement of teachers over {50 who have served 25 years The 
fund shall be derived from public revenues, in such case the annuity shall 
not exceed one4ialf the compensation of such teachers at time of retirement 
and shall In no case be over $400 per annum. 

H. R, 462, p. 613, June 6. 1911. 

nUools; Providing for contribution from public moneys to the public-school 
teachers' pension and retirement fund In cities over 100,000 LChlca^]. 

The city board of education shall contribute an amount equal to the ace 
gate of deductions from teachers' salaries for the said fund The Intet^st on 
deposits of school moneys shall be Included In the said comrm®^ the 
board of education. B^Bjs^rpT^ June 6, 1911. 

®^*®***‘ Providing for a retlremMj^ffiad'Tor^'publlc-school teachers In cities 
of the first class, 

" SscTOirirln city of the first class \h the State of Kan^s there may 
tw created by tte board of education of such city a public-school teachers' re- 
tirement ftin^whlch fund when created, and the management and disburse- 
meot shall be under the control of tbe board of ^ education of such 

city. Such^tlrement fund shall be created and maintained lif the following 
manner: by an assessment of not less than 1 per cent nor more than 

y per cent of every Installment of salary pfild to a teacher employed in such 
dty: second, by the setting aside from the general fund for theisnpport of the 
schools fn such city of an amount which shall be not less than one and one- 

• half times the amount of salary assessments, and not less than tbe amount 
necess^ to njeet the payn^ts herein provided for ; third, by the receipt, by 
ttogift, or otherwise of any real, personal, or mixed property, or any interest 
thereiiL 

** Sbo. % Soeb. a retlFement fond when thus created and maintained, or so 
thmf aa shall necessary, ahah be disbursed In the manner herein- 
am setmrth. And any surplns of fund not needed fbr Immediate dtsburse- 
meet may invMted by the board of education of such city acting as trustees 
^ bonds approve by the State school &nd commission, 

8bo« 8. Ai^ tdacner who been cmdlted under, the Dales and regulations 
ef b<^Td of location with an agii^te of SO years of teaching ex* 
p^ttpe be letlred by such bohrd of edneadon, . Apy teacher bo retired 
tmdtf.Uie. forcing provif^on pf this provided that at least 15' years 

jjju imte bew ih p^Ue $clu>^ 





XBAOHSBS: BUFL0TVB5T, CONTRACT, ETC. 


189 


fmcb cities of the Orat classt shall be entitled to receive from snch retirement 
fund so long as such teacher may live, equal monthly payments whldi shall 
aggregate per annum < Provide, hoic^er. That no one aball receive such 

pension without paying Into the fund therefor, by way of assessment or 
otherwise, not lees than one-half of the amount of the tirst annnal pension to 
which such person shall be entitled. And In order to make up such one-half, 
the board of education may provide for any d^dency by deducting the neces- 
sary amount from the first year's pension payments in equal amounts eACh 
month. 

Sec. 4. Any teacher who has been credited under the rules and regula- 
tions of such board of education with nn aggregate of 25 or more years of 
teaching experience may be retired by such board of education on account of 
disability or Incapacity, physical or otherwise. Any teacher so retired, pro- 
vided that at least 15 years of such accredited teaching experience shall have 
been In the public schools of cities of the first class, shall be entitled to re- 
ceive from such retirement fund, during the period of retirement monthly 
Installments, the annual ag^egate of which shall be such percentage of $500 
as the number of years of such accredited teaching experience of the bene- 
ficiary shall bear to the temf of 90 years. Any teacher so retired may, at 
the discretion of the board of education, should such teacher’s incapacity or 
disability be removed, be reinstated as a teacher, and any right to any pay- 
ments from this fund until such teacher again be* retired shall cease with 
such reinstatement. And shell any teacher be so reinstated, the years of 
such retirement shall be included In arriving at the term of service ^hen such 
teacher may again be retired, but no credit for such years of retirement shall 
be given in arriving at the amount such teacher shall be entitled to receive 
from the retirement fund. 

** Sec. 5. If at any time a teacher who Is witling to continue Is not re- 
employed or Is discharged before the time when be or she would, under the 
provisions of this act. be entitled to a pension, then such teacher shall be 
paid back at once the mon^be or she may have contributed under this act 
Should a teacher d^iy-acfrSlited in a dty of the first class accept service 
In the pubUq>eho5T^f any other city of the first class, a sum equivalent to 
nlljjtt^nCntsmade by such teacher Into the retirement fund'shall be trans- 
tSrred to the retirement fund of the city (n which sdch service Is accepted. 
Any teuchM who shall retire voluntarily- from the service shall receive a 
refund of me-half of the money he or she shall have contributed under this 
act. And should any teacher die before receiving any of the benefits or pen- 
Hions by thla act provided, the board of education shall pay to such teache/s 
heirs or estate one-half of the amount, withoutjnterest, which aball have 
been paid Into such pension fund by said teacher; * 

" Sec, 6. In construing this act the* word ** teacher” shall include all mem- 
bers of the teaching staff employed by the board of education of such city, 
which shall include Ruperlntendents, aupexvisors, and asaistantB to the 
superintendent of Instruction, principals, and teachers. 

” Sec. 7. It is hereby made the duty of the treasurer of such city to keep 
any fund arising under the provisions of this act as a separate fund, and to 
disburse the same In accoidnnce with the Instructions and orders of the 
board of education of such city. ^ 

”Sxc. S. After said retirement fund shall be created by said board of 
education of such dty, the salary of any toncber regularly employ^ by snch 
city shall be exempt from the prpvlalona of thla act. ])rovtded such teacher 
shall make a request in writing for such exemption and file the same with 
the boardi^ education of such dty wlttilu one month after such teacher sball^ 
enter upon\uch rdgn.'ar employment ns a teacher, and such request, when 
filed with the^^rd of education of such city, shall , constitute a waiver and 
a bar to the ^[salpt of any benefits from the retirement fund herein pro- 
vided for. 

Sio. 0. The, board of edneation shall have power to adopt roles and regu* . 
lations for the carrying ont of the purposes of this act not In coufllct there- 
with.” Ch. 280, Mar. 14, 191L 

Kentucky: Teachers' pengloua for cities of class 1 [LonlsvlUel. 
controlled by board ot tr os t c e s . 

Onb memher of board of education choa^ by board; soperinu^denl; cme 
tMThMipal, ahd tom tttchera eiecM by teaCherii 









er|c 


BDUCATIONAL £E4}ISLAH0H AHD DBCI8] 0S8. ^ 



\ 


140 


Jtod to consist of : (l)Doastltfiis from board qf^aeatim or from a«r 
other TOurcc; (2) aseesaments on teachers— 1 nrfcent of ealariee (m^- 
mum pir n:inum) on teachers of leas than^ years’ service: 2 per cent 
on Buaries or teachers of more than 15 years’ service (maximum $20). De- 
duction from salaries. All teachers with salaries over $450 shall pa:^ assess- 
ments, and all shall agree to pay samci on becoming teachers. 

Trustees shall determine what part of fund shall be invested. 

Annuities; 

1. Maximum, $400 per annum, based on 40 years’ service. PioporUonately 

less for shorter service. ^ ^ 

2. Disability pension gfter 20 years. ' 

8. After 30 years’ service annuity may be granted with or without appU- 
catlon. Annuitant most bare paid into fund amount equal to one year’s 
annuty. Annuitant shall be prorated, If funds are not enough for all 
‘Only service In city almn count 

If disability is removed, annuitant may be reemployed as teacher and nen- 
alon will cease. « . 

One-half returned to those who cease to teach. 

No acuities payable before October 1, 1015, but applications may be made 
after December 1, 1912. ch. 129. Mar. 19, 191Z 

Louisiana: Providing for the retirement from regular duty of public-school 
teachers in the Parish of Orleans and providing for salaries for teachers so 
retired. 

^ Creates a board of seren trustees of the ‘retir^ent fund, who shall be a 
body corporate, composed of city superintendent, three members of the board 
of s^ool directors, and three members of the teaching force, elected by the 
teachwa Membership optional with teachers In service, but obligatory u^sn 
new appointees. Sources of fund: 

(1) Salary deductions of 1 per cent per month for teachers in service less 
ttian 10 years; per cent for those in service from 10 to 20 years* 2 per 
cent for those In service more than 20 years; 2 per cent for those who are 
not engaged in class-room teaching; and 

’ (2) Gifts, grants, and devises. . 

The board of school directors may retire, and upon application «haii retire, 
any teach^ who has served 40 years, of which 20 must have been In the 
pariah. Tochers incapacitated may reUre or be retired after 10 years’ 
wrvlce with proportionate reduced annuity. If any annuitant has not paid 
into the fund ah amount equal to the aflnulty for one year one-fifth the defi- 
ciency .shall be deducted from the annuity for the first five years Teachers 
retired for incapacity may be restored to active duty if found qualified for the 
same. Retired teachers may be required, without additional compensation to 
^orm duties within their ability, not to exceed' SO days in any school y^r 
A i^^^ent fund shall be elated, consisting of all receipts for the first year 
and h^ the unexpended balances in subsequent years. Only* their income 
pwm the permanent fund may used for annuities. Amount of annuity, one- ' 
half average emnual salary during last five years of service; minimum $300* 
rn^Imum. $600. Marriage of annultont shall forfeit all right to annuity ’ 

One-half of the amount paid into the fund, with interest, shall be refuraed 
to ^ meml^r who l^yea the service or U discharged therefrom by proper 
au^rlty. term ^‘teacher ” as used in this act shall Include any superlm 
todent, assistant superintendent, principal, vice principal, supervlir ^r^ 
^ry, in^ tor, assistant, cadet, librarian, member of office force, and anv 
teacher or ina^ctor regularly employed by the school director of the pariah. 

4 . . 4ct No. 11^ July 5, 1910. 

Maryland; Amending teachers’ pension law. 

fa^urw *>y treasurer of State board of. education Instead of f 

rf rtncatlon may waive nge limit 60 years In extraordlnaw cases. * 

Approprbltlon Increased from $25,000 to $28,000. Ch. 18ft, Apf!\ 1912. w 
Mainland: Teachera’ retirenient fond for Baltimore County. 

grantees composed of school officers and teachers. 

optl<»aal teache^ now in s^ce; obU^Uoty asm neir * 


^ /T! 

TEAOHEBfi^: EMPLOYMENT, CONTRACT, ETC. ' 141 


Ameesments, 1 per cent per annum (maximum |14), lees than 10 yean* 
nerrlce; per cent (maximum $21.60), 10 to 20 years; 2 per cent (maxi- 
mum $28), over 20 years. Deducted from pay rolla. 

County commissioner may appropriate money for fnnd and lery \bx tor 
same. * < 

fietirement after 36 years* service, 20 years of which must be In Baltimore 
County— by order of county school commissioner or district trustees. Re- 
tirement for disability after 20 years’ service. Annuitant must have paid 
Into fund as much as first year's annuity, or that amonnt^ll be deducted 
(one-fifth at a time for five years). Pensioner may be required to do sub- 
stitute duty If able, not over 15 days per annum. 

Pension, one-balf of salary for last five years; minimum, $350; maximnm, 
$ 000 . 

One- half repaid with Interest If teacher withdraws or dlea 

Ch. 293, Apr. 12, 1912. 


Maryland: Teachers’ retirement fund for Allegany CJonnty. 

Ch. 463/ Apr. ^8, 1912. 

Massachusetts : An act relative to the payment of pensions to the members of 
the teaching or supervising st"flP of the public schools of the city of Boston. 


Section 1 removes the former limitation by which the maximnm pension 
wa s $180. * * - ' ^ 

Sec. 2 provides that accrued Interest on the permanent fund not expended 
In any year shall be available for the payment of pensions In any subsequent 
year. 

Sec. 3. Pennons shall be prdrated, if amount available is not sufficient for 
all : b»it In no case shall a person retired after 30 year? service receive less 
th.'in $312 in any year. The school committee may retire Any member of the 
teaching or supervising staff of the public day schools who shall hare reached 
the age ^f 65 years or who shall be incapacitated for further efficient service. 
If the person so retired has been employed In teaching or supervising for 80 
years or more, 10 of which shall have been In the Boston public day schools, 
such person shall receive a pension at the annual rate of cne-thlrd the annual 
salary paid to that person at the time of retirement; provided that Ifi no 
case shall the pension after 30 ^rs’ service be less than ^12 nor more than 
$000. If a person so retired has qprved less than 30 years, 10 years in Boston, 
the pen 9 ion paid, shall be.nt the same ratio to' the rate for 30 years* servipe 
as bis .or her length of service bears to 80 yeara The pensions of persons 
retired under the law of 1908 [fixing the maximnm limit at $180] shall be 
reestablished in accordance with this act. 

Sec. 4. The school comhiittee shall grant pensions to not less than 60 annul- 
fants of ^eJBoston Teachers’ Retirement Fund Association at the rate of $180 
per year.' All each persons receiving penslonB shall be subject to the call of 
the school committee for emergency service as teachers at the current rate of 
pay for substitutes. 

Sec. 6 . The principal and teachers of the Parental School of Boston are 
included in the benefits of this act ^ Ch. 617. 

Presented to the governor June 6, 1910. Became a law without his 
signature. , / 

. Mnssachnaetts: Providing for an itfV«^gntlon by the board of education in 
regard to a retirement allowance for Attain teachers In the public schools. 

^ Resolves, ch. 47, Apr. 10, 1911, 

Minnesoto: Extending the act providing for teachers’ retirement ftind asso- 
' ciatlons to'. all cities having a popnlaUou of mon than 10,000 [instead of 
60,000) Inhabitants. Ch, 683, Apr, 20, 1911^ 

New Jersey: Relatlag to teachers' pensions, . Ch. 276, Apr, 27, 1911, 


New Jersey: Hetlrement on half pay for officers and employees of penal Instl- 
tntiqns and^reformatorlM ^capacity after 20. years’ service. • 

: " Ob. 828, AW, 1, 1012. * . v;£ 




142 


EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION AND DECISIONS. 


New Jerroj; Teachers, etc., may be reUred after 36 years' ^)ubIlc-Bchool serv- 
1« (^20 DDder same board) ; may be reUred on half pay by resolution of board 
of MucatloD or other body. Formerly was only on application of beneficiary. 

Ch. 68, Mar. 13, 1912. 

of*B*(!nnt^™Vt^ : Pnb. Laws 1907, p. 374, sec. 221, par. 4, held to become a 

® Pos't'on designated In the school 

unSer seiuonVp.**"^'^^^^^ 

T positlons uDder school 

i®P^' P' held not the Piking of 

‘ <l“e process of law, nor Hie taking of private property for 
public use without Just compensation. ^ 

'T P- 385). held not a special act con- 

rerring corporate powers violative of Const, art 4. sec. 7 por. 11 

Pub. Laws 1907. p. 365. art 26. providing for a teachers' retirement fund 
Is not a private law violative of Const, art 4, sec. 7, par 11 ^ 

TBe title of the school law of 1903 (Pub. Laws 190.3. 2<1 sp, seas, p 5) held 
to embrace a provision thereof creotlng a board of trustees of the teachers' 
retirement fond. 

IletentloD for the tMchera' retirement fund of the percentage of salaries of 
permns holding positions under the school law authorized hy Put) i ;iws ino7 

»5e taxing power of ttfe State --Allen t-' 
Bd. of Ed. of City of Passaic, 79 At, 101. 

New York; Amending the education law in relation to a retirement fund for 
teachers In State Institutions. 

“ Sbction 1096. Every person who. for a period of 10 years Immedlatplv pre- 
ceding. hits been’ employe^hy the State as a teacher In any college school or 
Supported by the State, rtnd \y«h slmll'liavp b'een 
iMllege, unlver^ty, school. |K*hdemy. or Institution 
Jhls State or elsenthere during n ]>erlod aggregating 
-he age of 70 years, must, at his request, or may, bn 
‘*“®. order of the combtsslouerof education, be retired from such einplovmom 
- person desiring to be retired under the provlslon.s 

of ^tlon 1095 of ttls chapter shall present to and file witli the commissioner 
of ^UMtlon an affidavit signed ^y himself, op. In case he Is mentally or phvs^ 
Ically Incapable of making such affidavit, the affidavit of some persw or per 
sons acquainted with the facts, setting forth the number of years of such 
ploynlent, ffie place or places where employed, the salary reeefit^ by the ap- 
plicant at the 1^ place of employment, and upon the filing of such affidavits 
the comuilsbioufer of education. If he shall be satisfied of the truth of the nffl-“ 
davit shall Iskue to such applicant a certificate that such applicant has been 
retired from active service as a teacher, 

” S»c. lOWJUpon the recommwularton of a majority of the members ot the 
board or gortrning body having In charge any such college, school or Institu- 
tion. that a/member of the teaching force be retired on account of mental or 
physical Incapacity for the performance of duty, the commissioner of educa- 
tion may retire such person and issue to such p^son the certificate set fortii 
In section 1096 of this chapter, provided such person has been employed by the 
State, for 10 years Immediately preceding as a teacher in any college school 
or Institution maintained and supported by the State, and has been engaged In" 
teaching in some college, university, school, academy, or Institution or in the 
public schools of this State or elsewhere during n period aggi^atlng 80 rears 
or, having fMchM the ago of 66 years, during a period aggr^lng 20 y^rs. ’ 
Sec, 1098. Every person who shall be retired under the provisions of this 
article shall be entitled to receive from the State one-half the salary which 
such person was receiving: at the date of such yetirement, not to exceed, how- 
ever, In the case of a supervising official, or principal. $1,000. and In the case of 
a teacher, $760. In no case shall the payment to any person retired hereunder 
be less than the sum of $600. 

'' Sec. 1099. The payment of the amounts provided In this article to be paid 
ihaU he made hy the State treasurer on the warrant of the comptroller on 
the audit of the commissioner of education. Payments shall be made auar- 
t^y commencliur with the first Quarter after the date bf issue of the certificate 
of sutffi xetlrmesit The twmndss^oher of edacatlcm ghall make end enforce 


institution maintained 
engaged in teaching in l, 
or in the public schools > 
30 years, and has re ^ 


TBACHEBS: EMPLOYMENT, CONTRACT, ETC. ' 143 - 


Biicb rules and regulations, not Inconsistent with the provisions of this article. 

J 1 R he shall deem necessary for properly safeguarding all payments thereunder, % 
including vouchers to be signed by the persen to whom such payment is piade.** 

Ch, 441. June 8, 1910. 

New York: Amending an act to establish a retirement fund for teachers, prin- 
cipitls. and supervslors of the public schools in the city of Albany. 

Inolndefi the superintendent of schools. Five [Instead of 3] per cent of 
the exolst^ money received by the city under the liqiior*tai law shall be paid 
Into the fund. Extends time for application by . teachers In service lat time 
of passage of Inw. I)e<liictions from teachers’ Katnrles on account of absence, 
lests the sums paid to substitutes on account of such absence, shall be added 
to the fund. - Ch. .451. June 9. 1910. 

New York: Creating a public-school teachers’ retirement fund In Greene 
County. 

MnnftgtMl by board of trustees of fire, appointed by county judge. Sources; 
(a) Donations, legacies, etc.; (b) salary deiinctlons of 1 per cent: (c) appro- 
priations. In the discretion of the county board of supervisors,. not exceeding 
twice the amogunt contributed from (a) and (b). Retirement after 25 yours’ 
service. 15 in Greene County. Annuity, one-third arerage sjilary during last 
three years: maximum. $400. Deductions refunded to persons leaving sen’- 
Ice. Annuitant, must have conlribute<l amount equal to 30 per cent of an- 
nuity. Membership optional. Ch. 444. June 8. 1910. (Sept. 1. 1910.) 

New York: Establishing n public-school teachers’ retirement fund in Saratoga 
County^ 

BonM of trustees of five, appointed by county judge. Membership optional 
with teachers In service and obligatory upon new apiwlntees. Sources: (a) 
Donations, legacies, etc.: (b) salary deductions of i per cent: (c) appro- 
priations In discretion of counly board of supervisors not exce^lng contri* 
butlons from (a) and (b). Hctlreinent after 25 years’ service. 10 In county. 
Annuity, one-half salary nt time of retirement; . maximum, $000. Propor- 
tionate amount at retlrctpeut for disability after 15 years’ service, 0 in 
county. Deductions refuinled to persons leaving service. Annuitant must 
have contributed amount equal to ^ per cent of annuitv. 

* Ch. 191, Apr. 29, 1910. (SepL 1. 1010.) 

New york: Establishing a public-school teachers’ retirement fund In Nassau 
County. 

Provisions similar to those of chapter 191. relating to Saratoga County. 

Ch, 407, June T, 1910. (Sept 1. 1910.) 

New York: Amending the education law relative to the New York State 
teachers’ retirement fund. 

Skction 1100. The word teacher this nrtlcle Includes teachers 

and principals employed in public school^W the cities and school districts of 
the State and shall also include superintendents employed as provided by law 
In cltlea and union fr^school districts having a po|4il«tlon of 6.000 or more 
The words retirement fund ns used in this article ^alt mean the New York 
State teachers’ retirement fund for public-school teachers, as establiBhed by 
this article. 

Sec. 1101. Allure Is hereby established the New York Stati teachers* retire- 
ment fund for pnbllc-.schoo1 teachers which shall consist of — 

1. All contributions made by teachers as hereinafter provided. 

2. The income or Interest derived from thl investment of the moneys con- 
tained in such fund. 

^ 8. All donations, legacies, gifts, and bequests which sb-.i*. be made to such 

fund, and all moneys which shall be obtained from other sources for the in- 
crease of such fund. ' . " 

4. AppropritrtionB made by the State legislature ^rom time to time to carry 
into effect the purpose of such fund, and which aiiproprlattons,' when made, 
shall be paid into such fund and may be exp^ded in the some manner as 
other moneys belonging thereto. 


144 


SOUOATIOKAI. LBGIBLATIOK AND DECISIONS. 




Sue. 1102. The State teachers' retirement fund board shall consist of Are 
members to be appointed by the commissioner of education as hereinafter 
provided. One of such members shall be, at the time of his appointment a 
saperlntendent of schools Ii^ a city or district ; one shall be at the time of 
his appointment an academic principal, and one shall be at the time of his 
appolntm^t a teacher engaged in teaching In an elemfentary school. At least 
one ^Buch members ahall be a Troman teacher In the public schools. Such ao- 
^Intments ahaU be made within 10 days after this act takes effect. The mem- 
Mrs of such board first appointed ahall hold office for terms of one two three 
four, and five years from January 1, 1912, to be designated by the commit 
sloner of- education when he appoints such membejs: Their successore shall 
be appointed for terms of five years. A vacancy occurring in the office of 
any member shall bk filled for the unexpired term. 

Sic. U03. A vacancy In the office of a member of the board shall be created 
by d^th, resigns tlom refusal to serve, removal from office, or absence from 
the State fof a period of one year. A member of such board may resign by 
written resignation submitted to the commissioner of education and accepted 
by mm. The commissioner of education may remove a member of such board 
for cause, after service upon him of wiittoi charges and an opportunity to be 
heard In defense thereof. 

Sto. 1104. There shall baa president, vice president, and secretary of such 
board, to be elected by a majority vote of the members of the board The 

president and vice president shail be elected for terms of one year The 

of office of the secretary shall be fived by the board. The secretary 
need not be a member of the board. His salary or compensation ahall be 
prescribed by the board, not exceeding $2,000 a year, subject to the approval 
or the commissioner of education.. The members of the board shall serve 
without compensation, but they shall be entitled to their expenses actuaUy 
Incurred In attending the meetings of the board and In performing services 
as members thereof. 

The board shall meet annually In the education building at Albany on the 
s^nd Wednesday In January and shall have stated meetings at the same 
place at least once In each three months, ns determined by the regulations 
of the ^ard. If a member of the board be absent from two consecutive 
stated meetings without a reasonable excuse for such absence, accepted by 
the board, his office shall be declared vacant by the commissioner of educa- 
tion upon notice being received by him of such unexcused absences and such 
vacancy shall be filled a6 hereinbefore provided, 

8*0, 11(^. The State treasurer ahall be ex officio treasurer of the retire- 
ment fond and shall be the custodian thereof. The moneys belonging thereto 
shaU be deposited by him In banks or trust companies and the law relating 
to me deposit pf State funds In such banks and trust companies shall apply 
so rar as may be to the d^slt of moneys belonging to the said retirement 
fund. The State teachers' retirement fund board shall determine from time 
to time as to what portion of the retirement fund shall be pennanentiy In- 
yested. Such fund shall only be Invested in those securities In which the 
truittees of a savings bank may Invest the moneys deiHJsited therein as pro- 
vided by section 146 of the banking law. When such Iward shall determine 
^t any portion of said fund should be so Invested U shall, by resolution 
duly adopted by a majority vote of the members of the board, direct the 
trearorer to invest such portion of the fund In any of said securities. 

Ssa 1100. The State teachers' retirement fund board, subject to the pro- 
visions of this article and of any other statute, shallf have power 

X. To appoint and employ such officers and employees as may be necessary 
to Carry Into effect the provistons of this article and^x their compensation ' 
Z To prescribe the duties of Its secretary ahd other officers and employees’ 
a To conduct Investigations Into aU matters relating to the operation of this 
article and subpesna witnesses and compel thelt attendance to testify before 
It in respect to such matters, and any member of the board may administer 
oaths Of affirmations to sucli witnesses. **' 

a To require boards it education, trustees, and other school authorities 
^d att offlrers having duties to perform in respect to contributions by 
teachm to the retirement fond to report to the board from time to time as 
to sow floaty pertaining to th« paymwat of such contributions as It sh&H 
, deem advisable and may prescribe the form of sdeh reports. 

■ Its warr^ts upon the State treasurer for the payment of ah- 

pstli?^ fs jprbylded in^ this article an4' for 


TEAOHSBS: nCFLOTlCBSTTy CONXBiiGT, £TC. 


145 


the parchase of such seearlties ai the hoard shall have decided to purchase 
8 B provided In thia article No paymenta Bhall be made from the teachers' 
retirement fuud .except by warrant signed^ by the president of the board, 
drawn after resolution dtil^ adopted at a meeting of the board by a majority 
of its members, which adoption shall be attested by the secretary of the 
board. 

Ssc. 1107, The State teachera' retirement fund board shall noake rules not 
inconsistent with the provisions of this article, which, when approved by the 
commissioner of edncatk>n, Bhall have the force and effect of law. Such rules 
shall — 

1. Provide for the conduct and regnlatloa of the mefetings of the board and 
the transaction of the business thereof. 

2. Provide for the enforcement and carrying into effect of the provisions of 
this article. 

3. Prescribe the manner of payment of contributions by teachers to the 
retirement fund and the payment of annuities therefroih. 

4. Establish a system of accounts showing cho condition of such fund 
receipts and expenditures, 

h. Prescribe the meUKRTof making payirents 1 tom such fund to annuitants 
and giving receipts for such payments. 

6 . Prescribe the forms of warrants, vonciers, rec^pts, reports, and accounts 

to be used by annnlUe^and officers hav^^ig dr.ties to i>erform in re^teqt to 
such fund. f > 

7. Regulate the boards of edneation, trustees, and other officers 

Imposed upon them b^nhls article in respect to the contribatlons by tMchers 
to tlie retirement fund and the deduction of suca contributions from 4 eacb«rs' 
salariea 

8 x 0 . 1106. All teachers fmployed In the public schools in this. State, except 
in those counties,*dlstricU, or cities in which provision is already made by 
Btatnte for the retirement of publlc-scbom teaser's and the payment of annul' 
ties or pensions to such teachers who enter into contracts for such employment 
after the date. on which this act L^kes efffv^t, shall contribute to the teachers* 
retirement fund 1 per cent of the salitries to be paid to such teachers annnally 
according to the terrrs of such contracta Oh and after such date ^ such 
contracts shall be deemed to have b^n ma 4 e subject to the provlsionsof thin 
article, and the requirement as to such contribution shall become a part of 
and enter into all such contracta. Any teacher employed under a contract 
entered into prior to the taking effect of this act may elect to contribute 1 pgr 
cent annually ofthe saUry paid pursuant to such contract and aha 11 thereupon 
become entitled to all^e privileges conferred by this article. 

Boards of educatloo, trustees,, and other' school authorities having duties to 
perform In respect to the payment of salaries to public-school teachers in their 
districts or cities shall cause to'^ deducted from each w^iant or order issued 
to any of such teachers for the payinent of the salary of such teachers the 
amount due by such teacher to the teacbefs* retlremen^fund, ^ 

Skc. 1108. 1, The sclK)ol commissioner of each schocn colbmissloner district 
shall include in his annual report to the commissioner of education a state- 
ment showing the amount required to be deducted from the salaries of teach- 
ers in each school district under bis supervision, under %scUon 1106 of this act. 

2. The Buperintendent of schools of each cttjr^all also Include in hia annual 
r^)ort to the commissioner of edneation a statement showing the amount 
required to be deducted under the provisions of section 1108 of this ajt from 
the salaries of teachers employed In sneh city. 

8 . The school commissioner of each school commissioner district and Qw 
superintendent of each city shall file with the treasurer of the county in which 
such school commisi^oner district or city is located a statement showing the 
amountf respectively, reported by them to the commissioner of education, as 
provided in subdivliions 1 and 2 of this section, as being the kmount required 
to be deducted from the salaries of teachers in their respective school com- 
missioner districts and cities, under the provtsions of section 1108 of this act 
Such statements to the county treasurer shall also respective show the 
aggregate amount require to be so deducted from the salaries of teaers 
emplored in each school oommlssic^r district, In esch town in Such school 
commissioner district, ahd from the sslasles of teachers employed In each city. 

4. The sdhool commissioner of each school commiasibiter district shah file 
lHth;tfasMPcrvieor^ eSch town within . each eCboel oee^*>l^e 











146 


EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION AND DECISIONS. 




at the time be files his certlflcnte of apportionment of public-school moneys 
a statement showing the amount required to be deducted from the salaries of 
the teachers employed In each school district In such town. The superin- 
tendent of each city shall file with the chaml>erlaln or treasurer of such citv 
a duplicate of t^e certificate which he Is required to file with the county 
treasurer under subdivision 3 of this section. 

5. When the commissioner of education apportions the money appropriated 
by the legislature for the support of common schools to the several counties 
of the Rtate, he shall cause to be determined^ from the official rei>orts of 
^bool commlHslouers and ciyy fluperintendonts the amount i^uired to be 
'neaucted from the salaries of the teachers eraployoil in each county who 
come under the proWsions of this act as required by section 1108. 

6. The commissioner of education shall Include in Uic certificate which lie 
ffies with the comptroller showing the ammint of State funds apportioned for 
the support of common schools to each county a stniemeut showing the 
amount requlre<l to be dcducUHi from the salaries of teachers in each of such 
counties, as required under section 1108 of this act. 

T. The comptroller sha.l issue his warrant to the States trt‘a surer directing 
such treasurer 4o credit to the retirement fund cci'ated herein from the ap- 
propriation for the support of conmioif schools an amount iM|ual to the aggre 
gate amount required to be de<lucted from the salaries of teachers In the 
several counties of the State as Shown by the certificjile of the comm issi oner 
of education tilwl with him as diro< ttnl in subdivision fi of dils sei tion. 

S^^rhe comptroller. In issning his warrant to the State treasurer for the 
payment to each county of that portion of tlie moneys approprlaitnl for the 
support of common schools aud iwiyable on or before March 1 of each year, 
^ali deduct therefrom an amount equal to the amount required to he de<lurUHl 
froni.the salarioH of teachers as ahowu by the certificate of the commissioner 
of education filed with the comptroller as required by subdivision <5 of this 
section. 

^9, The county treasurer of each county, when paying to the suiiervlsors of 
the towns of such county and to the chamberlain or treasurer of a city in 

♦ such county the first half of the money npiwrtioned annually for the supimrt 
of common schools, shall deduct from the amount apixirtloned to each town 
and aty an amount equal to the amount to bO deducted from the wdnrles of 
the teachers In such town or city as shown by the certificate of the scdiool 

• comm ssloners and city superintendents filed with such treasurer as directed 
by subdivision 3 of this se<.’tlon. 

10. The supervisor of each town shaU pay to the collector or treasurer of 
each school district In such town or to the te^ichers emplove<l In Am-h dls- 
tHcts toward their salaries on the order of the trustees of such dl.sfrtrts the 
amount apportioned to such districts, ro8))ectively, less the amount rtHiulnHl to 
be deducted from the salaries of the teachers in such districts as shown by the 
wrtlflcate of the school cominiaslone| fil^ with such supervisors as directed 
by subdivision 4 of tills section. % ^ 

Sbo. 1109. 1. A teacher who has taught in public schools for a iK‘rlod of 2'1 
years, st least the last 1C years of whl<-h iwrlod shall have been taught in the 
public schools In those districts or cities In this State which are subject to the 
provisions of this article, shall, upon his retirement frOm actual service as such 
teacher, on and after August 1, 1913, be entitled to an annuity of n sum equal 
to one-half of the annual salary paid to such teacher at the‘tlme of such re- 
tirement, provided that no annuity shall exceed the sum of $600. 

2. A teacher who has taught In public schools for a period of 15 yeors 

^ which were taught Ih the public schools In those 

dlartrlcto or cities which are subject to this article, who Is either physlcallv 
or mentally Incapable of teaching may be retired and shall, upon his retire 
ment be entitled to au annuity, of ns many twenty-fifths of the full annullv 
for 2S years as said teacher has Taught years. 

3. Such retirement may be had on the request of the teacher or upon the 

request of a bonr^ of educaaon In a elty or union free-school district A 
request for retirement shall be made In writing, addressed to State teachers* 
retirement fund board, accompanied by evidence showing that the teacher 
named therein is entitled to retirement and that he has compiled with the 
I^visloM of this article and the rules of the board r^atlng to the payment 
OT acuities. The board shall pass upon nil requests for retirement nod 
naq whether such requests should be granted. 


147 


tbachbbs: bhployhent, contbact, etc. 

4. AH Sterns infltions of the board reiatlve^^ sacb requests and tbe pay- 
ment of annuities to teachers shall be subject to appeal to tbe commissioner 
of education. Tbe provisions of article 34 of tbe education law, relative to 
appeals, aball apply to appeals from sucb determinatioDS. 

Sec. 1109-a. 1. A teacher shall not be entitled to an annuity who has not 
contributed to tbe retirement fund an amount equal to at least 30 per cent of 
his annuity. But a teacher who is otherwise entitled to retirement and nh 
annuity under this article may become an annuitant and entitled to an any* 
nnity by making a cash payment to the retirement fund of iin amount Vhlch, 
when added to bis previous contributions ta such fund, will equal 30 per cent 
of his annuity. 

2. In case a teacher who shall retire or be retired is unable to pay In 
advance the sum required to make up the said :10 cent of the annuity, the 
payment of such annuity may be withheld until the portion of the annuity 
withheld shall equal the sum required to make up said 30 per cent of the 
annuity. 

3. Annuities shall be paid quarterly to the teachers entitled thereto, upon 
the warrants or orders signed by the president and secretary of tbe State 
teachers’ retirement board. Vouchers or receipts slnil] be signed in dupil- 
c:tte by annuitants ui>on receiving the money paid to them. Such duplicate 
receipts shall be returned to the secretary of the board, and one of them shall 
be retained In his office and the other shall be filed In the office of the Sute 
treasurer. 

4. Kach annuity shall date from the time when the State teachers’ retire- 
ment board shall take action upim the requetit made as herein, provided for 
the retirement of the annuitant. 


Sec. llOD-l). This article shall not apply to any county, city, or district in 
which the teachers In the public s<*booIs thereof are required or*nuthorl?ied 
to contribute to a teachers’ retirement fund, or in which such teachers are 
entitled to annuities or .pensions. In accordance with any special or local act 
applicable to such county, city, or district : Provided, That wDonever the 
State teachers’ retirement fund board Is satisfied that more than two-thirds 
of all the teachers employed in the public wbools of any such county, city, 
' or district are willing to become subjec’t to this article, ns shown by a i>etItIon 
duly sipne<l and verified by such teachers, such board shall issue Its order 
directing that on and after the date thereof this article shallppply to such 
county, city, or district. A copy of such order ^ihall 'l)e mailed to the several 
teachers empdoyed In the county, city, or district to w'hich such order relates 
and to the boards of |b<lucntlon, trustees, or other school authorl les therein, 
and thereupon the provisions of this article shall apply to such county, city, 
or district to the sjtme extent and for the some purposes as to the other 
counties, cities, and districts of the State. Thereupon .the organization or 
society createtl under the said local or special act applicable to a county, city, 
or district shall he dissolve*! and discontinued, and the treasurer or other 
custodian of the funds of such organizutltm or society shall pay Into the State 
treasury any funds In his possession belonging to the said organization or 
society, after paying any outstanding obligations other than annuities. Such 

, funds shall be credlttxi to. the retirement fund provided for herein. All 
persons who had been placed upim the retired list pursuant to the provisions 
of such local or special nqt. previous to the date when such local organization 
or society determined to come under the provisions of this act, shall become 
annuitantR under this--act and shall be entitled to receive tbe same amount 
which they would have been entitled to receive under the pfovlslons of their 
retirement under said local or si>eclal act had such organization or society 
created thereunder not been dissolved and tdiscontlnued. TTpoA the execution 
and service of such order the teachers employed In the county, city, ot dis- 
trict to which such order relates shall contribute 1 per cent of fhelr saUnies 
to the retirement fund and they shall be entitled to al! the privileges tho^f.* 
under tbe conditions anjd restrictions Imposed by this article and the of 
the board. Ch. 449, June 26, 1911 

New York: Amendments to law relating ^tQ pensions -of teachers In Suite 
Institutions. \ ^ 

Omits reonirezDent that applicant must have reeled age of 70, Service 
teachers’ tastitutek may count In the 30 years’ TOrHce reqhlretl. Omite re- 
qnlrmnent that lOyetifra* wrvice ia State institution BhaU immedlately precede 


148 


BDUCATIONAL I^TSl^TION AKD DECISIONS. 


In retoaxiCTt on r^mmendatlon of board of trortees of Institution after 
serrlc^ omits requirement tiiat penadoner shall have reached ae* 

^ ' Ch. 293, Apr. 12. 1912. 

Ohio: Amending tiie laws rtiating to teachers’ pensions. 

length K)f sei-vlce In the connty which Is re- 
dlsahlllty; reduces from 18 to 16 years the 
length of service in the county required of teachers retired voluntarily, in- 
^ ^ses i^ual rate of pension from 310 to $12.50 for each year of service and 
raises the maximum pension from $300 to $450 per annum. ' 

Laws 1910, p. 306, H. B. No. 47A May 9. 1910, 
Ohio: Amending the general code relating to teachers’ pensions, 

|P prior to July 1. 1911, may accept provisions of pension 

i« 1 ^^“' teachers by accepting employment 

M TOCh accept the provisions of the act and such acceptance Rhall become a 
K of ®“Ployroent- [Formerly acceptance was optional.] 

Any teache^bo Is discharged or not reemployed before bis term of service 
yeare shaU at once receive back all he has contributed to the 
pension fund. But failure to reeiiiploy after 20 years’ service shall be deemed 
^ entitle a teacher to a pension under this act. [Formerlv 

discharged teachers- received only one-half the amount paid to the pension 

S. B. No. 142, p. 4^, Jniw/lS. 1911. 

Oregon; Authorizing ^e creation of a retirement fund astoclntlon for grant- 
ing annulOes to retired teachers in any scho<i district having more than 
^10,000' children of Bcbool age. 

Provides that when the teachers of such districts shall formulate a plan for 
?,^*^ratlon and organization of sneh an association and the coUrction 
Md dlsbursenlWt of the fends for the benefit of retired teachers in said dis- 

approved by the district school 
of dlpectors. said association shaU have full power and nulhority to 
invest, loan, and disbnree funds In accordance with the phi n 

Provides that no such association shall Incorporated until It shall have 
the approval of a majorfty of all the tench^eraployed In said, district. 

iTovldes also that the board of dlrectorsmf such district sh.-ijl turn over to 
such duly inco^rated nssodntlon a sum equal to 1 per.^c4t^of ihe amount 
of tax received by said district as Its ^rtiou of the county ta.\ levied for 
Mhooh pisses, the same to be paid to said association as soon as received 
• by saw dj^ct. . Cb. 2», Feb. 24. 1911. 

PennsylTanla: See A (a). ’• 

Vennont: Authorizing penalons for teachers.- 

Any teacher who has tnngbt In a public school In Vermont for more than 
80 years may be pensioned from school fundh; ninzlmum. one-half avarnge » 
annual salary during last five .vears. Said inmalon mav be voted l>y tomi or 
inrorporated district on recommendation of directors’ at annual or sneclal 
8 c| 2^1 meeting. ^ No. 60, Jan, 20? 1911. 

VirginU: An act to amend and reenact an act to provide a retirement fond' 
for pdbllc-acbool teachers, approved March 14, 1908. 

1. The State board of education shall place on the retired teachers’ list 
andpiiy a iwnslon ns hereinafter provided to the following; • 

person whb has taught In the public schools of the Sta’te 
^at least 20 ywrs, with, a good record, and By reason of physical or mental 
inwmlty or old age Is incapable of rendering efficient service as a teacher 
. , *® o * person who has taught in the public schoqis of the State 

at least 80 years, with a good record, and has reached the age of 58 years If a 
man, and 60 yearsHf a woman. 

Divlrion superintendents are not eligible for such pensions 

2, Evldshce of mental of physical disability satisfactory to the State board * 

» .of beali^ ahd the State board of education must be prodnced.by os apflloant 

nnasr Glass A. BIther board may require a special medical examidation. 

3 Any person retir^ in el^er class shall 'have deducted from his first'. 

^ amopnt equal, tp ?p psr cent of bis dyara$e annu al salary. . 







149 


ISACHBBS: BMPLOTMBliT, OOKTBAOT, BTO. 

'during the last^ye years, less the nmonnts he^has contributed to the pension 
^ fund. .\11 money so deducted shall be used to create a permanent endowment 
for the pension fund, only the income of which shall be used for pensions or 
current expenses. 

4. The fund : whence derived. One iK^r cent of the salary of each tefwmer In 
the SUte Bliall be deducted monthly. Ti order that Uie amounts so deducted 
shall rejicli the State board cf edocatlo.i promptly and cohvenlently^e said 
board shall deduct from ea^ih annual ap|)ortionment of State meneya an 
amount equal to 1 per cent oi the total amouT^t of teachers’ halarlea^f ea<A 
>county, town, or city during the pre\dou» yecr. Differences between the 
amounts actiialfy so deducted and the^Ei»ounts that would have be^ deducted 
if the Btiiarles paid In the proi>er year had been the basis shall be adjusted 
at the Uine of the n^xt ap^rtlonment. All oiniounts so deducted ahall be 
placed to the credit of the retired teachers’ fund, 

5. Appropriates $5,000 annually from the State treasury to be paid Into 

said fund. « 

ti. Legacies, bequests, etc. 

, 7. State hoard of education, .shall invest the capital and nnajjproprlated 
Income of siild fund. Only the Income of Invested funds may bfe used for 
I>ensinns or current expenses, i 

s. Tensions shuH. be paid quarterly, and shnll equal for each quarter'one- ^ 
eighih the average annual salary of the i»ens!oner during the last five years 
of his service as teacher. In no event shall the quarterly pension payment 
exctHHJ $100, except that any i>er 80 n whose average annual salary during the 
!as< nv(* veii/s of his service as teacher was $1,000 or more may receive as a 
HM,'rtci‘lv ptMislon as mucli as $125. If available funds are Insufficient for 
all pensions payable, then the same bIaII be paid pro'yaU according to the 
lyouov available. \ , 

0. The Stale board of education shall provide for accurate accounts, and 
the sui>oriiiteiident of public Instruction shnll Include a statement of the * 
trunsiioiluus of said fund In his annual reports. 

* 10. No person shall be placed on the reUred tenchew’ list who has not 
taUght In tlie i>ublic schools of Virginia for at least one term since July 1, 
1(108. but any person who retired from teaching either volunttirily or on account 
of physical disability between July 1, 1902, and July 1, 1908, and who is* 
othenvise qualified for a pension under this act, shall receive a i>enslon equals 
tp one-fourth the average snlary of such person during the last five years ot ^ 
bfs service ns teacher. . 

n, ^flhe State board shall nummlly publlsli t^>e retired teachers’ list. 

♦ 12. The deductions provided in section 3 shall apply to all persons whose 

names were placed on the retired teachers’ list prior to the time this law goes 
into effect. 

13. The State board of education may mpke rules and regulations to carry 
out this law. Ch. 97, Mar. 9, 1910. 

Mrglnia: Providing for the removal of persons from the retired teachers’ list 
under cei^nln circumstances.’ 

. Pensions , under Class A (disability) shnll continue only so long as dlM- ' 
blllty exists. Any pensioner may withdraw _voluptarily. State board of^ 
health or State boar^ of etlucatlon* tnay at any tinje, and shall at Intervals of 
three years, require a new examination of pensioners of CHass A. If either 
board decides that disability no longer exists, pension shall cease after 80 
days’ notice. 

* Persons who withdraw or are removed from list shall be restored to sabae 
rights and conditions regarding certificates ns they piossefi^Bed at time of appli- 
cation for retirement. ^ ^ i.-. 

Any person who withdraws or is removed from list may be restored to list 
without ree(ard to number of years taught since July 1, 1008, If otherwise 

eligible. * . • ' * u 

Any pensioner who engage In teaching In public schools forfeits right to 
pension. 

Any female pensioner ’unmarried when her pension was Applied for and 
granted who Is* less thah 60 years old and has taught less than 80 years 
\ ^all be removed from list If she marries after her pension was appUed for. 

\ Persons removed from list shall receive amount of money paid Into 

\ # fund with 6 per c^t interest, less amounts paid as pension. 

' . - Olt. 829, iiar. 14, X91SL : 



ISO 


KDirCATtONAB LBGmLATIOK AKD DBOISIOirB. 






VlTfiiii*: General appropriation bill tnaodee appropriation* of |6»000 fOr 
teachera’ poislons and an additional |3»000 to corer deficit’ . 

Oh, 13T, Mar. 12, 1912. 

'Wisconaiii: Creating aertionfl 460-1 to 460-30, incluaive, of the statutes, relat 
ing to the teachers* ^urance and retreinent fund. 

, . 460-1. 1. There is created a tehebers* insurance and retirement 

fund, which shall be managed by a board of trustees to be known as the 
' Ooartf of trustees of the teachers* insurance and retirement fund. Such 
board shall consist of five members. The State treasurer and the State 
superintendent of p;iblic instruction shall be ex oflldo members of said 
board; three members, one of whom shull be. a woman, shall be elected by 
the members of the teachers’ insurance and retirement fund at their annual 
meeting, as provided in subsection 2 ©f thta-section. One such elective mem- 
ber^may be a, retired ’ member of the fund- No teacher shall be elected as a 
membtf of the board of trustees by the members of^eaid fond who is not a 
member of said fund at the time of election. The term of office of elective 
members of said board of trustees shall be three years, except as provided 
Jb subsection 3 of this section, and shall begin on the first day of January 
neat succeeding after such election takes place, provided that the electivd 
members of the first board of trustees shall assume office immediately after 
their election. • -** 

**2 At the time and place of meeting of the 'Wisconsin State .teachers* 
association for the year 1011 .those teachers described In and complying with 
section 460*8 phall be qualified to meet for the purpose of electing from such 
qualified teachers members of the board of trustees of the teachers' insurance 
and retirement fund, as provided In section 460-1. 

**3. The teachers qualified, as in sectipn 460-8. shall at the annual meeting 
fbr 1911 elect as members of the board of trustees, as provided in section 
469-1, one male teacher for a term of one year, one male teacher for a term 
of* two years, and one female teacher for a term of three years; and annu- 
ally thereafter. *at the time and place of meeting of the Wisconsin State 
teachera* association, the board of trustees shall call a meeting of Jbe mem- 
^ bers of the fund for the^purpose of electing members of the board of trus- 
tees; „^|L^king the annuhl report of said fund, and for the transucUon of 
such oth^'bnstoess as may pei^ln to the interests of the fund. 

“4. In case any vacancy occurs among the members of the board dected 
at the- annnal meeting of said members of the fund, said "board shall fill 
said vacancy WitU the nex# annual meeting of the members of the fund 
when Aid mfiubers at said annual meeting shall elect a trustee for the un- 
expired term. 

** 5. In the intepal of time between the passage of this act and m^til the 
elective members 'of the first board of trustees assnme office, as provided In 
subsection 1 of tl^s section, the State superintendent of public instruction 
• and the Statp treasurer shair constitute a temporary board of trustees of 
the teacbera* insurance and retirement fund. Said temporary boartl shall 
account for all transactions pertaining to the fond In the same manner as 
the said board of trustees. . 

** Section 460-2. Said board of trustees shall organise by the election of 
a president The State treasurer shall be ex efflelo treasurer of said board. 
And shall receive and make payments from and account for said funds In 
the seme manner as for other State fundiu Said board may employ a sec* 
retary to be chosen for sneh a teryn as sb^ be determined by said board. 

^ Bala secretary aha I* perform aac h duties In connection with the teachers* 
insurance and retlrem^t funskmay be prescribed by the boardi 

Section 460^3. Said board^pRl q^eet during the month of September of 
ekeh year at its otfice at q time to be fixed by the board and at any other time 
on the call of the president or of any two members thereof. Said board may 
adopt roles for the government of Its meetings and fbr membership In the 
.;^and« parents thereto and therefrom, and fbr other matters which will be 
^ sSQciilated to aid teachers itt secufing the benefit of the fund. 

** SEonoN 46(M.. Members o( said board shaU fecelye no compensation ex- 
^ necessary tryvMlu exjpenses Incurred in attending the meetings, 

V to be pfitd trm the teachers^ insorahee and ititiremtait. fund upon the certifl- 
^ - cete bf the prestdpiit if the J>oar4 - shall btbctione of lu 

inember shall 




161 


r«Ddered secretary. Tlie secretary of said board diaU reoelTe a fsilary to 
be flaed by the board, at an amount not to exceed $1,200 per umam. The 
compensation of the secretary and any other necessary e^p^ises Incurred by 
Bald board In carrying out the provlalons of sections 460-1 to 480-20, Inclurive, 
snail be paid from the. fund. 

Section 460-^5. Said board shall have diarge of the fund and shall Invest 

same niider the same conditions aa the trust funds of the State may be 
mvested. 

“ Section 480-6. Said board shall report annually as of the year e n d in g the 
1st day of September. A copy^ of said report •shall be transmitted to the 
annual meeting of the members of the Tochers’ Insurance a'^ retirement fund 
and to the State superintendent of» public Instruction. Said superintendent 
shall include a copy of said report In hls biennial report to the governor. 

“ Section 460-7. Said board shall not be a corporation, but may sue and be 
sued In the name of the board. All actions brought by or against the board 
shall be prosecuted or defeided, as the case may be, by the attorney general, 

“ Section 4tK>-8. L Kach school district board, each high-school district 
board, each town board of school directors, each board of education, or other 
managing body of each city, and of each school district, and of each village, 
and of each town operating Its schools und^ the ^ownshlp system of school 
government, ^all retain on every pay day from the sAlary of each teacher In 
their respective schools the amounts herein provided. Each teacher shall be 
furnished a statement by such board, showing tbe amount so deducted from 
hls or her salary. 

“2. Elvery teacher shall be assessed upon hls or her salary as teacher for 
a period of 26 years as follows: One per centum per annum, but not more than 
$15 per year, for each o^the first 10 years of service as teacher; and 2 per. 
centum per annum, but not more than $30 per year, for ^ch successive year of 
service^Bs teacher, until said teacher shall have had a total of 26 years of teach- ' 
Ing serv^pe, when said assessments shall cease. The total amount paid iifto said 
fund by ench teacher shall be based upon snid ^ years of service as teftcher 
with assessments as provided in this subsection 7 provided that such total 
amount shall not be less than the full amount of the annuity to which such 
teacher shall Yh* entitled for the first year. 

“3. In becomiug a teacher In said public schools after September 1. 1911^ 
he or she shall be conclusively deemed to undertake and agree to pay auQh 
assessments, and to have such assessments deducted from hls or her salary 
as herein provided. « 

“4. Any person employed as tehvber in said public schools when sectionB 
460-1 to 400-20. inclusive, take effect, mayfr at any time before September 1. 
1912. elect to come within tbe provj^hs of this act by notifying in writing 
tbe board of trustees of tbe teachers' insurance and retirement fnxid. 

.‘*6. At the time <ff giving said notice to tbe board «of trustees, as herein 
provided, such teacher shall notify, the local school board or any other manag- 
ing body In writing of bis or her election to come within the provisions of this 
act; and shall authorise said school board, ds a pert of said notice, to dedpet 
from each payment of salary due him or her a sum equal to said per centum 
of such payment as provided In subsecjdon 2 of this section. 

“Section 460-9. 1. Each such sclfopl district board, each higluBChool dis- 
trict board, ench town board of school directors, each board of education, or 
other monaging body* shall each year, between the 20th and 30th days of 
June, forward to the treasurer oftiie town; village, or dty in which the school- 
house of said teacher is located, a statement veriped by the secretary or clerk 
thereof of the moneys so retplded, in accordance with the provtal^u of sec- 
tion 460-8. together with sald«moDeys so retained. 

“2. Snldrstntement shall also include the following: Name and monthly 
salary of each of said teachers, number of qaonths of school taught by each 
teacher in said public schoolb of the dlstrlcC, village, or dty over which said 
school board, of other managing body, has jurisdiction during the school year 
% for which thd. statement Is made; the number of months constituting a schoql 
* year in such district, village, or city: tbetotabsalary of each teacher; the total 

* amount withheld from the aalary of each teacher. In accordance with the pro- 

• virions of section 486^'; the total amount so withheld from the satartrii ot 
all of said tehehera for the echobl year next preceding; and tiie total number 

. : dyears^t^ teacher ImaUui^t in the puhUcsdiods of . Ilie.mta r ; 


fL'.i, y. T*- _"j vr' . ! " 

152 SDUOATIOKAl. UOiaiAnOK AHS DBOIBIOVB. 



**8. Bald school board riball at the same thns «Mtd t oopj od ndd stitrinMit h 
to the saparlntendrat (tf the county. dUtrtct or city in which Mid schoolhoiise 
Is located. 

**4. If no teacher la soch dty; village, town, or ediool district comee under 
the proridons of section 460-8, the school board or other managlDS body of 
inch dty, village, town, or school district shall state thte fact under the oath 
of the aeeretaty or clerk thereof to the treasorer of said dty. Tillage, or town ; 
and shall at the same time forward a copy, of said statement to the anp^in' 
tendant of said county, district, or dty. 

** 5, Bhch county, district, and dty superintendMt ahall each year, between 
the 80th day of June and the 10th day of July, r^rt under oath to the board 

toudees of the teachers* insurance and retirement fund. Said report shall 
contain^ an ttemioed account of the statements -received by him from the 
school boards and a sta^eraent of the total amount withheld from the salaries 
of all of said teachers In said report. 

“ C. The board of trustees of the teachers' insorance and retirement fund ; 
each county, district, and dty superintendent ; each school district board ; 
each hlgh-school district board; each town board of edocaion, or other manag- 
ing body, diall keep complete records of the data contained in said reports and 
of the statements hereinbefore mmtloned. 

“ 7. Each town, village, and dty treasurer ahall. between the 90th day of 
June and the 10th day of July of each year, certi^ under oath to the coonty 
treasnrer the amount of moners so received from audx school board or other 
managing body, and shall forward to county treasurer with sudx swotr. 
statement the moneys so receive and certifled. 

“ 8. Between the Ihth day of July and the 1st day of August of each year, 
the county treasurer shall transmit to the State treasurer all moneys which 
he haa received from the treasurers of the towns; Villages, and cities in ac- 
cordance with the provisions of this section, and shall certify onder oath to 
toe bpard of trustees of the teachers' insurance and retff^ent fund the 
amount so received and transmitted to the State treasurer, as herkn provided. 

“9. The State treasurer shall credit all moneys received under the prt>- 
vieions of sections 460-1 to 460-20. inclusive, to the fund designated as the E 

teachers* Inaurance and retirement fund. < 


V 16. No city, village, town, or school district shall share in any of the 
seven-tenths mill tax apportionment for any year nnless It haa made toe 
report as herein provided and paid over to the State treasurer for the teach- 
ers' Uunirance and retlrem^t fond such per centum as provided In aectiona 
460-1 to 460^20. tUcluBlve 

** Seetion 460-10. The State treasurer vshall annually a^ aside, from that 
portion .Of Che common-school fund known as the seven-tenths mill ^ tax. or 
from any other general State tax levied for the support of said sclmolB. 10 
cents fbr each person of school age in this State 

** Sscnos 460-11. *Tbe moneys received under toe provislona of section 
460-8 to 460-10, Inclnsive. together with donations or legacies received 
therefor, or moneys received from any legal source of Increment, ahall conatl- 
' tute a fnnd to be known as the teactoere* Insurance and retlremait fund.* 

I *Sbox7ok 460-lZ Any teacher coming from schools not Included under the 
jMvlslons of sections 460-1 to 460-20. inclusive, ahall pay assessments for 
said years of service In such schools, as provided In section 460-18. based 
upon his or her first annual salary In said public schools of toe State, to- 
fsthw with the regnlar assessments, as provided In subsection 2 of section 
460-8. befbre> receiving any retirement annuity. 

** ScoxxoK 460-18. Any tescher who may teaching in said public schools 
and who has compiled with the provisions of section 4^1 to 460-20, Inclusive. 
~ may retire and yeeeivs the anpuitj provided for In the following cases ; 

”1. After a period, or periods aggtlgatlng 25 years of service as teacher. 

* of which 18 years most have been spent In the public schools of this State, 
' provided that payments by said teacher to the fahd ahall have amounted to 
^ ft sum as provided in section 460-8. It aald'paymento shall not have amounted 
; to said sum the teacher sluill pay into toe. fond the deficiency tmoie recti vlng 
' told aimnlt^. ' • 

' ^ "2::.After 18 years of servAie as teacher la the public schools of toe SUte, 

* > when 'mUf tmehw suffers ifrom a peroanent mmital or physical dinblUty, 
.to be detonntoed by ssidi>dard.s|t^ an examination by two phyalolans ap> 
ptin^ by Slid tK>^ ptovidsd'that pigrtoehta by said teacher to toe fuhd 


r; — *■ ■ '.^V ~ ■ • ' ■' ' . 




TBAOHBBB: OOVTB^OT, 3KCa 


15S 




iliftll bAT« amounted to a mnn m provided In ae kto n 46Mw SC wM ptLjmmtB 
rtiaU not baye amounted to mid anm the teadier eludi pay Into the fond tbo 
deAclM^ll^ore receiving the annuity. The examination fees ol tach pity* 
be paid by said applicant 

**8. In computing the t^ma of service under aubaectlona 1 and 2 of this 
section a year BhaD be a legal school year at the time and place where mid 
service was rendered, except that where the service was rendered In schools 
not Included within the provisions of sections 460-1 to 460-20, Inclusive, a 
time less than a legal sdiool year in this State shall not be Included aa a 
year, but only aa such proportion of a year as the uumber of teaching weeks 
in each such year bears to the number of weeks required at the tlnoe bo 
constitute a legal school year In this State. 

4. Any person who has complied with the provieions of sections 460-1 to 
460-^, inclusive, and desires to retire from active service In said public 
schools shall apply In writing to the board of trustees of the teachers* insur- 
anoe and retirement fund. 

“Section 460-14. 1: Each teacher retiring from the service of said public 
schools under the provisions of subsections 1 and 2 of section 460-13 shall 
annually and for life bh entitled to receive as annuity |12^ for each ymr 
of service as teacher; provided that said annuity shall not exceed $4110 in 
any one year, subject however, to all the prorislohs of sections 460-1 to 
460-20, Inclusive. 

“2. The board of trustees may ratably reduce the annultlee provided In 
sections 460-1 to 460-20, inclusive, whenever In the judgment of the board 
the condition of the fund shall require such reduction. 

“3. Any teacher who sbnll cease to teach in said public schools before re- 
ceiving any benefit or annuity from the fund shall, If application be made In 
writipg to the board of trustees within six months after the date of hia or 
her resignation be entitled to the return of one-half of the amount without - 
Interest, which shall Itove been paid into the fund by such teacher. If sucfi^ 
teacher should again thereafter teach In said public schools he or she shall, 
within one year from* the date of his or her return to the service in said • 
public schools, refund to said fund the amount so returned to such teacher, 
together with simple interest on mid amount [bnt not to exceed 4 i>er cent 
per annum] for the time such amount was withdrawn from the fon^ 

“4. The State treasftier shall pay said annuities quarterly In September, 
December, March, and June of each year upon the warrants of the secre- 
tary of state issued upon, certificates of the president and secretary of said 
board. No payments shall be made prior to September, 1612. 

'*6. Payments from the fand shall be made from Income thereof and 
in addition thereto when neces»iry from the pi^clpal of moneys raoelved 
qnder sections 466-8 to 466-10, inclusive. 

"Sko. 460-15. One year's leave or leaves of absence granted by the 
proper authorities of any of said public schools to any tocher uxMler the 
provledons of sections 460-1. to 460-20, inclusive, shall be computed* as a pert 
of said 26 years of service, provided that the payments to said fund shall hie 
continued during said leave of absence and shall equal the assessment paid 
by such teacher for the year next preceding the period or perloda of absence* 
respectively. Not more than one full school year's leave or leaves of absence 
In the aggregate shall be computed as a part of said 25 years of service of 
said teacher ^ and in case of absq^ of less than a echool year only the time 
covered by such absence shall berK computed. 

“Ssd. 460-16. Any person retiring under seetlons 460-1 to 460-20, In- 
clusive, may again enter upon the work of teaching in said public schools; 
during said term of teaching the annuity paid to such person shall cease. 
Said annuity shall again be paid to said person upon bis or her farther 
retirement 

**Sbo. 460-17. The annuities ^ created shall not be subject attache 
meat, garnishment, execution, or^ther seizure on process; nor shan they be 
subject to sale, assignment, pledge, mortga^ hr oth^ all^iation. 

**Seo, 460-1& A suitable office In the capitol, with suitable fumltare and . 
office .BUppUee, shall be fumiahed the board of trustees of the teechera* Insur- 
ance aod retlremenwfimd. 

** Skc. 460^19. The term teacher as used In sections 460-1 to 400 ^, Ih- 
tdualve^ shall include all persons employed in tttchlng by any dty boara of. 

* education or school board or othw. managing body of any dty, toini, -'dhkte^' 




— *»' ' W-,.. ^ 

164 EOUCATIOKAL LEOIBLATIOK AND DECiatONB. -' 

or rural school district In this State and all superintendents and aasMant 
. saperintendents ht said schools* all supervisors of Instruction, all principals 
and assistant principals, and special teachers of said schools. 

** Ssa 460-20. Sections 460-1 to 400-20, inclusive,* shall not apply to cltlto of 
the first class. * Ch. 323, June 10, 1911. 

Wlseoiuto; Apaending subsectionB 10. 11, 14, and 19 of section 925-xx, and 
repealing subsection 15 of section 925-xx, relating to a public-school teachers’ 
annuity and retirement fund In cities of the first class. 

Ch.l89,May25,191X 


G, TEACHERS: PROFESSIONAL TRAINING AND 
EDUCATION. 


(a) University Departments and Schools of Education* 


(b) State' JCYormal Schools. 


See aUo ^ (a). 

Alabama; Creating a beam of trustees for the government and control of the 
seveml State normal schools for white students nnd providing the prepara- 
tion and enforcement of a d^urse of study for such schools and for the rural 
schoolB of the State. , Act 483, p. 494, Apr. 18, 1911. 

Alabma: Appropriating $60,000 for buildings and equipment at ' the State 
Normal School at Jacksonville. Act 4.^3. p. 586, Apr. 20, 1911. 

Alabama: Appropriating $40,000 for the State Noruml Scliool at Livingston. 
f23,000 to be need for the erection dormitory and the remaining $17,000 
for the j)ayment of indebtedness. Act 421, p. 461, Apr. 18, 1911. 

Alabama; Appropriating $25,000 afinuuily for a period of four years for build- 
ings and equipment at the State Normal School at Moundville. 

.Act 302, p. 417, Apr. 14. 1911. 

Alabama; Providing better buildings and""^.^uipmeut for the State Normal 
School at Dephne, and appropriating therefbr $25,000 annually for a period 
of four years. Act 362, p. 404, Apr. 13, 1911. 

Alabama: Appropriating $40,000 fdr the erection of a dormitory for the State 
Normal School at Troy. Act%26, p. 378, Apr. 12. 1911. 

Arizona: Appropriating $19,700 for the improvement of the Northern Arizona 
Normal School. (Sp. sesa.) Ch. 28, June 15, 1912, 


Arizona: Appropriating $10,500 for the Improvement of the Tempe Normal ^ 
School. ' , (Sp. seas.) Ch. 38, June 15. 1912. 


OAUfomla: Relating to the rriocatipn of thb State Normal School at Los 
Angeles. 


Authorlsee the porchase of a new site and appropriates therefor. 

Ch. 416, Apr. 10, 1911. 

Oatifomla: Rstabllshing a State normal school at Fresno. * ‘ 

n- Ofi. 413, Apr JO, 1911. 
OaUfomia: Appropriating $60,000 Tor a building for the training departmi 
at the £Um Jose Norinal School. < Ch, 192, MAf. 15, 191L 

Cl^orado: Making the i^mal achool Greeley the '* State Teachera' College 
WcWotai^^ ^ Qu 21S, June 6, 1911 


TKACHEBS: jPBOFBfiSIOWAL TRAlinKG, HTO. 


155 


*D«lswar«: Amending an act to encourage education at normal echoola. 

Bach county schawl comnalsslon may expend annually $1,500 [instead of 
$1,0001 to aid students in normal schools. Any person receiving such aid 
shall engage to teach In the public schools of the county for at least two years 
[instead of for the time determined by the commisrion]. Aid to any one 'per- 
son shall not exceed $2.50 [instead of $2] per week of attendance. 

. , Ch- 90, Apr. 4, 1911. 

Georgia: $^i000 to Georgia Normal and Industrial College for 

building and for other purposes. ^ ^o. 421, Aug. 12, 1910. 

Georgia: Appropriating $5,000 for a new science b.all at the Normal and IndOs- 
trlal College of Mllledgevllle. * No, 249, Aug. 23, 1911. 

^ Idaho: Authorizing a tax levy of three-fifths of a mill on the dollar for 
I,ewiston State Normal School purposes. ‘ Ch. 141, Mar. 3. 1911. 

Idaho: Authorizing a tax levy of one-half of a mill for purposes of the AlbKm 
State Normal School, Ch, 38, Mar. 3, 1911. 

Maine: Providing for five normal schools Instead of four, and increasing the 
* annual .appropriation for such schools and the training school from $65,000 to 
$77,500. Ch. 186, Mar. 30, 1911. 

•Maine: See 0 (a). ^ 

Maryland: Amending section 43 of article 77 of CX>de of Public General Laws 
80 that the elements of agricultural science and the international langoage 
Elsperhnto may. In the discretion' of the State board of education, be added to 
the branches required to be taught In the State~normal schools and In the 
high schools oC.the State. i4iw8 1010, p. 219, ch. 757, Apr. 11, 1910. 

Maryland: Aptwlnting a special commission to be known as “The Maryland 
State N^ormal School Bolling Commission ” for the purpose of selecting and 
obtaining nn option upon a suitable site and of havlfg prepared tentative 
plans and estimates for the erection thereon of suitable buildings to be used 
by the Maryland State Normal School, now located In Baltimore City. 

Fixing Nov. 1. 1911, ris B&5''Hatost date by which time the work of the 
commission njust be completed, am appropriating $500 to defray expenses. 

ICSms 1910, pp. 400-401, Apr. 13. 1910. 

Maryland: Providing for the Issue of bonds to raise $600,000 for the purchase 
of land and the erection of buildings for the Maryland S ate Normal School. 
The building commission shall sell the normal Khool prcperty at La Payette 
and Carrollton Avenues. Baltimore; the proceeds to be used for the new 
plant Ch. 776, Apr. IL 1912. 


Massachusetts: Directing the board of educatiod to consider the expediency 
of establishing a State normal school in or near the city of Boston.# 

, Res., ch. 97, June 16, 1911. 

Massachusetts: Directing the board of education to Investigate an^ report on 
nbw site and building for the State Normal Art School, add whether the Bos- 
ton -Nohual Sch6ol ^ould be transferred* to the State. 

, . ch. 47, p. 882, Apr. 6, 1^12* 

Massachusetts: Renting to the accounts of Stath normal schools. 


Receipts from pupils for board shall be paid into* the State treastu^ 
monthly. Receipts from other sources shall be paid Into the treasury 
monthly. Bills for serrices. food, and supplies shall be paid as other claims 
a^nst tlm State are paid. The State auditor shall exercise the direction 
of sU accounts. ^ ^ Ch. 79, Feb. 9, 19:^' 


l^e.dbr of Fitchburg may bofirow. $5,p00 to pay the St$te 
' toward the purchato of lapd for , playground, school garden, and agi^ultorat 
tor Fi^h^^ Non^ ScRool, 



168 ^ 


SDtrCATIONAL LBCHSLATIOK AHP DECISIONS. 


IfMflachiuetto : Appropriating |75,000 toward a training or modri 

for tdie State Konnal Scbool at Salem, provided tbe dty of Salem 
oontrlbntes $75,000. ^ 

Hie dt^r may issne bonds to raise said amottnt Oh. 551, Apr. 27, lOli. 
Michigan: See L (o). 

Bfiaslssippi: An act to .eatablisb the MtsslBsippi Normal College to qualify 
teachers for the public schools. 

SKonoN 1. A body politic and corporate is hereby created by the name of 
the MisalBSlppi Normal College. 

Sac. 2. The object of said college shall be to qualify teachers for the public 
schools of this Stat^ by Imparting Instruction in the art jura practice of teach- 
ing In all branches of study which pertain to a common .school education, 
and such other studies as the board of trustees may prescribe. No one shall 
be eligible to admission who shall not have complete the studies or course 
prescribed by law for the common schools of the State, and the course in such 
school shall always be confined to a strictly normal or professional course for 
training teachers. 

Sec. 3. The powers of said corporation shall be vested In a board of trustees 
composed of one member from each congressional district In the State, and of 
the governor and the State superintendent of education, ex offido, the gover- 
nor to be presideDt of the board. 

Sec. 4. The trustees shall be named by the erovemor by and with the advice 
of the senate, for six -year terms; but three of those first appointed shall 
serve for a three-year term. 

Ssa 5. Meetings ; officers ; election of president of college. 

Sec. 6. Duties of treasurer. 

8xa 7. No officer shall be interested In any contract 
Sec. 8. Accounts and reports. 

Ssa 9; The board of trustees shall receive, from localities desiring the said 
college, proposals for donations of sites and other valuable considerations, and 
Rhwii Incite the college In the place offering the most advantageous conditions. 

Sec. 10. Blrection'of buildings; style of architecture; superlnteudence of 
oonst^ction. All buildings, grounds, and dormitories sufficient for the pe- 
qulrements of the school are to be furnished by the locality without cost tj 
the State. 

Sec. 11. The board of trustees shall elect the president of the Institution, 
determine the number of feachers and employees, and In their discretion 
approve their appointment; prescribe the course of study, rules, and reguJa- 
tlons, and prepare diplomas. They shall receive only their traveling expenses. 

Sec, 12. The president shall be the professional adviser of the trustees and 
shall have immediate supervision of the college, subject to the direction of the 

trustees. ■ • ^ 

Sec; 18. The course of Instruction shall be arranged In two divisions; the 
satiafactory completion of the first shall be evidenced by a certificate, and of 
the second by a diploma. With the approval of the State board of education 
the certificate shall be a first-grade license for a period of five years ; nnd the 
diploma shall be a professional license. 

8bo. 14. Tuition shall be free to all students of Mississippi who agree In 
writing to’^ch not less than three years In the public schools of the State, 
two years of shall be In the rural schools of the county in which the 
■tnd^t resides. All other students shall pay tuition fees. 

' Bed. 15. ^penses to be borne by the State. Oh. 119, Mar. 80, 1910. 

Mississippi! An act authorising the counties of Mlsslaslppl to issue bonds in 
the sum of not exceeding $100,000 for the purpose of procuring tbp MisslsslinPi 
Konnal College. 

To enable conntiei to cmnpete for the location of the institution named. 

Oh. 121, Apr. 16, 1910. 

lUgSUippi; AUtetct to anthorUe the municipalities of Mississippi to issue 
bonjfe fov the pnrppse of procuring the MIsMbsIin?! Nortnal College. ^ - 

To mfile xnnnlcipelitles to compete for the laication of the Mississippi 
t (Johegat / \ ^ 1910. 

IV. ^ ^ 




r. 


TEACHBB8: PROFESSIONAL TBAINIKO, BTO. 


167 


Mississippi (1910) : Ths eetabllahmeat and maintnanoa of schools by oranld- 
, pallties are municipal purposes. 

Laws 1910,* ch. 119, creating a State normal college, held to create a cor- 
poration within Const. 1890, sec. 183, prohibiting municipal corporations 
from lending their credit in aid of corporations. 

The college crea^d by Laws 1910, ch. 119, held nether a private nor s 
common school, within Const. 1890, sec. 90, suImL ** p.*' 

Laws 1910, ch. 119,' creating a State normal college, is not In violation of 
Const. 1890, secs 201-213, requiring the legislature to establish a uniform 
system of free public schools. — Tufner et al v. City of Hattiesburg, (58 
So., 681. 

Nebi^ka: Appropriating certain matriculation fees to the use of the library 
of thefitate Normal School at Ghadron. Ch. 189, Feb. 18, 1911. 


NebrasCa: -AppropriatlBg receipts* from certain fees to the library of the State 
Normal School at PerC. Ch. 209, Feb. 18, 1911. 

Nebraska: Keli^lng to admission to the State Normal School, Peru. 

Pupils of mature age who have completed the course of study In their holne 
districts, or Us equivalent, may be admitted to the preparatory departm«it , 

Ch. 121, Apr. 8, 1911. 

New Jersey: A supplement ta^-nn act to establish a thorough and effldcsit 
system of free public schools, etc., approved October 19, 1908, 

Moneys collected for tuition fees frjm the model school and for board at 
«..-the boarding halls of the State normal and model schools at Trenton shall 
be held in trust by the 3tate treasurer and expended for the malntenanoa 
of the normal school boarding halls and model schoola In m a kin g par-, 
chases for such boarding halls the State board of education may buy In open 
market without advertising or contract it they see flU 

C2l 68. Mar. 80. 1910. 

New Yor)t! Amending the education law. 

Sbction 816. The commissioner of education shall prescribe the courses of 
study of State normal schools (Instead of the local boards, subject to the 
commlstloner's approval). 

I^EO. 817. Instead of the spedflc appropriation of not over $1,000 annually 
for the support and education of 10 Indians In State normal schools, the 
ainouni and t^e number of beneficiaries are to the action of the legisla- 
ture In making aii^ropriations. ^ . Ch. 140, Apr. 22, 1910. 

New York: Providing for the construction of new'bnildlngs for the Buffalo 
State Normal and Training School. 

The commissioner of education Is authorized and empowered to execute 
all necessary contracts for the cSonstrucUou of new buildings for the Buffalo 
i State Normal and Training School on the site on which the buildings of such 
school are now located and at a cost not to exceed $400,000. 

cL 620, June 18, 1910. 

New York: Relating to the construction of new buildings for the Oswego 
Normal and Training School. 

Increases the amount authorized to be qpent for said purpose from $800,000 
to $3K),0p0. ' Ch- 617, June 18, 1910, 

New York: Appropriating for the construction of new buildings for the 
Oswego Normal and Training School. Ch. 829, July 28, 1911. « 

New York: Providing for the reconstruction of the old portion of the Potsdam 
State Normal and Training School. Ch. 400, Juno 28, 19U. 

New York: Appropriating $100,000 for buildings for the Buffalo State Normal 
^d Training School. Oh. 14, Mar. 6, 1912, 

New York: Oswego Nonhal and Training School. $66,000 out of receli^ 
from the sale of the old site shall used to Improve the new. site an$ btqf 
tomiture, etc,, for tbm new buil^U^ . ' Oh* 487, Apr. 18^ 1212, 






EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION AND DECISIONS. 



North Carolina: Amending an act relating to the charge for board in the State 
Normal and Industrial College. 

Board ahall be furnished at eosL not to exceed |12 [instead of $10] per 

. Ch. 106, Mar. G, 1911. 

North Carolina: Authorizing the trustees of the/indian Normal School of 
Robeson County to transfer title to the property of said school by deed to the 
State board of education. 

Thc'Shite board of education shall appoint seven members of the Ifidlan 
mce formerly known ns Croatans to be the’ board of trustees of siUd school, 
to perform the usual functions of control -and management, subject to the 
appi^oval of the State board of education. Ch. 168, Mar. S, 

North Carolina: Incon>orating the East Carolina lliachorb’ Training School, 
established by chapter 820, Laws of 1007, and locat^ at Greenville. 



9 


Ch. 159. Mar. 8, 1911. 

North Dakota: Proi>oslng for ratification by the people an amendment to the 
State constitution providing that the Slat# normal school at Minot shall share 
'• In the United States land grant. Ch. 07, Feb. 24, 1911. 

Ohio: Providing for the appointment of a commission by the governor to select 
locations for two additional State normal sch<M)ls, one In northeji stern and 
one In northwestern Ohio, to secure options on the lands or lands and build- 
ings for the same, and to reiwrt the same to the governor. 

As soon as the genernl assembly makes appropriation for such sites and the ^ 

erection of the necessjiry hulldlngw, the governor shall appoint, by and with 
the advice and consent of the senate, a board of five trustees for each ‘whi>ol, 
one tO'Serve one year, one to serve two years, one to serve three years, one to 
sen^e four ywirs, and one to serve five years; thereafter one trustee being f 
appointed annually for a term of fiveyears. 

Each such board shall organize and proceed to purchase said sites and to 
provide the necessary buildings thereon. Provision shall be maefr for n well- I 

equipped dejmrtment for tbe preparation of teachers In the subject of ngri- I 

■ culture. t 

Each board shall eject a president for the senool under Its control *41 nd the 
boards, together with the presidents of the schools, shall select nnd^appolnt 
the Instructors, provide the course of study, fix rates of tuition, and provide 
proper equipment.' 

All appointees shall be subject to removal by the governor and all vacancies ’ 

shall be filled by him. 

Laws 1010, pp. 320-321, H. B. No. 44, May 19; 1910. ' 

Ohio: Providing for the construction of buildings for 'the new nonnnl schools 
at Kent and Bowling 6reen, in pursuance of the net of May 19. 1910. • 

The same to be expended in the establishment, construction. :md equipmeiit 
of each of said schools and shall not exceed $260,000: tTO.OOO is-lmtnodlate5' 
appropriated for each, H. B. No. 112, p. 57, Apr. 11, 1911. > 

Oregon: Providing for the permanent support and maintenance of the Ofbgoit 
Normal School at Monmouth. 


r< 


Leviek an annual tax of one twenty-fifth mill for said purpose. Proposed by 
Initiative petition, and approved by majorltjr of votes cast Nov. 8, 1910; pro- 
claimed, Dec. 3, 1010. , Ch, 2, 0. L., 1911 

Pennsylvania: Bee A (o). * 

Rhode Island: An < act in amendment to chapter 71 of the general latvs, en- 
titled ** Of the normal school,’" etc. ^ 

All money received by said normal school for tuition, In addition to other 
appropriations, shall be paid by tbe general assembly for the use of said 
normal school. Oh. Wie. Apr. 26, 1910. 








■I 


teachers: pbofebsional tbaining, etc. 


169 


South Carolina: Providlog for the erection of ah Industrial arts and science 
building at the Winthrop Normal and Industrial College. 

Act No. 241, Feb. 33, 19U, 

South Dakota: Appropriating* $35,000 for the erection of a science hall and a 
heating plant at Eprliigtield Normal School. Ch. 75, Mar. 0, 1911. 

Vtah: See B (d). 

Vermont: Authorizing and eui powering the trustees of the Orange ^unty 
Gntmiuar School, otherwise designated as the trustees of the- State normal 
sc-hool at lOmdolph. to sell or Ipase. and devote their estate in whole or In 
part to the State of Vermont for the use of the State School of Agriculture, 
created by an act approx tnl Nov. 20, 1010. 

From and after Jul.v 1. 1011. the trustees of the State normal school at 
Randolph shall he known as Uie trustees of the Orange County Grammar 
x^chool. * 330. Jan. 28, 1911. 

Vermont: Establishing a State normal bcIum)! at Johnson, under the control 
of the State board of e<Iucation. Appropriation: For a dormitory. $12,000; 
for maintenance. $10,000 i>er annum. Proi>erty of the so-called Johnson 
Nonnal School to he' loas<*il to the State for 99 years. The State board of 
education is also anthoriztNl to purchase the property of the Castleton Nor-A'^ 
mal Scluxd and toVomlnrt the same ns a Stafe normal school. Appropriation. 
$20,000 for the fxroperty and $10,000 anminlly for maintenance. 

No. 00. Jan. 27. 1911. 

♦ Vlrifinla (1011): Citizens of a municipality held not to have sufficient Inter- 
est to entitle them to an injunction preventing the selection of a certain site 
for n State normal st.'hyol.— Brown et al. v. Baldwin et al., 72 S. E., 143. 

West Virginia: Appropriating $14,000 for rebuilding the main bniUllng of 
the branch State normal school at Athens. . Ch. 5, Feb. 20, 1911. 


G. (c) County and Local Normal and Training Schools* 


Iowa: Relating to the training of teachers for rural schools. 

For increasing facilities for tnilnlng teachers for rural schools and for 
Instruction In elementary T^flgogy and the art of teaching elemehtary agrl- ' 
culture and home economics provision Is made for normal courses in the 
eleventh and twelfth grades in certain accredited high schools designated by 
State superintendent. Rural high schools shall be given preference over city 
high schools. Private and denominational high schools are eligible to the 
provisions of the act except a^ to Stnte aid. State aid to each designated 
public high school. $500 per nooum. If more than one high sehool Is .desig- 
nated In any one county, not over $800 shall be divided equally among said 
schools. At least 10 training stiidents required of each school. A part of the 
money appropriated herein may be used for lnsi>ectlon and supervision; aud 
the State superintendent may appoint an Inspector at $2,000 per annum, wltU 
traveling expenses. Stat|$. superintendent shall prescribe conditions of aQmis- 
Sion, courses of study, rtjdulrements for graduation, etc. Fee for certificate of 
graduation, $1, paid Info State treasury; valid license to teach twg years; 
after 30 weeks' successful experience holder shall receive a uniform county 
certificate of the proper grade. Appropriation. $26,000 for first year and 

• $60,000 annually thereafter. . , 

• Provision in prior law relating to slipervislon of training schools by State 

boa^ of examiners Is repealed. . • Ch. 331, Apr. 11, 1911. 

Nebraska: Amending the law relating to normal training In certain high 


sclioola 


- I 


;In any county not having a^blgh school meeting all the reautrem^ts of law . , 
the. State superintei^danl of public instruction may designate a high school of ' 
* losiSr gga^ to give ndlrmal training. . ^ Ob. 122^ Apr. 8, 1911, 



160 BDUCATIOKAL LEGISLATION AND DEOlfilONB. 

Nerada: ffee A (a). 

New York: Amendliis the edecatlon law. 

Section 794 Increases the length of the teachers* training courses from 38 
- weeks to 2 y%ars in cities and districts c f over 5,000 Inhabitanfs employ- 
ing superintendents. ch. 140. Apr. 22, 1910. 

North Dakota: See 0 (6>. 

Vermont: Providing teachers’ training couraes in high schools and academies. 

State superlnt^dent of education, shall designate not over 12 high schools 
or academies to give snch Instmctlon. and shall prescribe studies and appoint 
the special teachers. Number may be Increased to 15 In second year. At 
least 10 training students required: to be graduates of high scboois or 
academies. Ck)ur8e, one year. Graduates receive teachers’ certificates good 
for three years. State aid, $800 to each school, provided local school board 
Oi&W pay special teacher at least $200 in addition to amount received from 
» No. 01. Nov. 28, 1910. 

Wisconsin: Amending sections 411-4 and 411-5 of the statutes, relating to the 
number of county training schools fpr teachers that may be established. 

Ch. 455, June 27, 1911. 

Wisconsin: Amending section 411~6a of the statutes, relating to persons that 
" may be employed as teachers In the county training schools for teachers. 

Ch. 340. June 15. 19U. 

G. (d) Teachers* Institutes and Summer Schools.' 

Alabama: Providing for the holding of teachers’ institutes and making appro- 
priations for the same. 

Section 1. Be it enacted by the Legislature of Alabama, That the sum of 
$5,000 be appropriated auniially out of the general school fund for the purpose 
of defraying the expenses of bolding and conducting Institutes for the white 
teachers of this State, and the further sum of $1,500 be. and the i same is 
hereby, appropriated out of the educational fund for defraying the expanses 
of holding Institutes for the colored teachers of the State. 

Sec. 2. Institutes for the white teachers shall be held for a period of one 
week in each county of the State, at such time ns may be determined hy the 
county board of education during the months of July, August. September, or 
October: Provided, That the county boards of education of two or more 
adjoining counties may. by agreement, have conducted a Joint Institute for the 
cotmtles particlpatiDg In agreement, at snch a point as they may determine. 

Sec. 3. There shall be conducted, for the colored teachers of the State, 
teachers’ institutes at such places And times, and under such management and 
direction as may be* determined by the State superintendent of education, 
and the money appropriated by this act, for the holding of Institutes for the 
color^ teachers, shall be so divided among the several places at which 
oolorra inatitutes are held ns may. In the Judgment of the superintendent of 
education, be fair and equitable, and secure the greatest good to the greatest 
number. ' 

SEOr 4. The money appropriated by this act for the holding of institutes for 
the wliite teachers of the State shall be apportioned by the superintendent of 
educfition to the several counties of' the State in proportion or approximate 
proportion to the number of white teachers actual^ employed In the several 
counties of the State. 

Bto. 5. It is hereby made the duty of the teachers to attend thA Institute 
. which may be conducted In their own county for the benefit of teasers of 
the race to which they belong, unless such jeachers are speclficaily^caBed 
from attoid* — *--**•- . 


and approve 

State superint^dent or eancaaon to cancel the certificate of any i 

may fail to attend an Ins^tute for a period of not less than four days each 
year, unless such a teach^' shall secure' the written excuse signed by t£ county 
nperln^ipd^t aud^appin the chairman of ibe cotmi^ board <^edttqa- 




161 


TBACHEBS: FB0FB8SI0NAL TBAINIKG, ETC. 


education that he haa attended for a period of not leaa than three weets 
during the current year some educational Institution, during which time be 
was engaged In the work of processional training, eitb^ as a student or as a 
teacher, or unless he is the holder of a life grade State certificate. 

Sec. 6. It Is made the duty of each county superintendent of education to 
keep an accurate record of attendance of all teachers during the Institute, 
conducted for the teiichen* of his county, and to report the same to the State 
superintendent of education, showing the number of whole days which each 
teacher actually attended : Provided, That such time attended by each teacher 
shall not be counted as time taught nor shall any teacher receive any pay or 
compensation for attending an Institute. 

Sec. 7. Each teacher attending an Ir.stitute shall pay to the county superin- 
tendent a fee of not less than 50 cents and not more than $1, which shall be 
used in that particular county to supplement the State fund appropriated by 
this act for the maintenance of teachers’ institutes. 

Sec. 8. It is made the duty of the State superintendent of education to sub- 
mit annually, In the months of June or July, through the county auperlntend- 
eiits, to the several county boards, a list of expert conductors of Institutes 
whose services may be avffllable, and from this list each county board may 
select such conductor or conductors as -they may desire, notifying the State 
superintendent of their choice; and If because of conflicting dates or other 
unavoidable conditions, neither the first nor second choice Is able to be ha(J. 
then It Is made the duty of the State superintendent, through further agree- 
ment between him and the local county anthoritles. to secure the best possible 
talent for conducting the Institute It Is made the duty of the Sarte super- 
intendent of education to employ, with the fund appropriated by this act for 
that puri>ose, such conductors and teachers In the Institutes held for the benefit 
of colored teachers ns will secure more benefit to the colored race by present- 
ing to them ideals more pra ctical, methods more useful, results more desirable, 
benefits more. wholesome. 

Sec. 9. The conductors and teachers employed In county Institutes shall 
Impart such Instruction to the teachers attending the Institute, In the theory 
and in the art of teaching and kindred subjects, as^lll render them more 
efliclent, more capable, more enthusiastic, nnd more successful teachers. 

Sec. 10. All laws nnd parts of laws, either general or special, otherwise pro- 
vided for. or referring to teachers’ Institutes in this State be, nnd the same 
are hereby, repealed. Act 498, p. 588, Apr. 18, 1911. 


Arkansas: Amending sections 13, 14, and 16 of Act No. 399 of the Laws of 1907. 


Provides that a five days’ teachers’ institute be held annually In the month 
of June by the county superintendent. Instead of’by the county examiner, ns 
formerly : fixes compensation of county superintendent 

Act 270, p. 268, May 19, 1911. 

California: Amending'sectlon 1660 of the Political Code, relating to teachers’ 
Institutes. 

In lieu of an Institute of from three to five days, three or more series of 
local daily or evening Institutes may be held. Ch. 162, Mar. 10, 1911. 

Colorado; Establishing teachers’ summer normal-school districts and provid- 
ing for the orgaulEntlon, control, alad maintenance of teachers’ summer nor- 
mal schools In said dlstrlcta and appropriating therefor. 

Ch, 69. June 3. 1911. 


Florida: Providing for teachers’ summer training schools. 

‘Appropriates |4,000 annually for such schools at State University, Stat;e 
College for Women, and State A. aftd M. College for Negroes. 

Ch.G128 (No. 7), May 13. 191L 


Idaho: Bee A (o). 

Indiana: Concerning the payment of teachers while attending schools or 
institutes of agricultural instruction. ' / 

The school board of -any city or town, and the township tratee of any' 
township, may adjonm the schools of such city, town, or toWnii^^ in orde^ to • 
allow teachers to aUent sesBiona of; schools or ^insUtates of ^^cnlturarjn- . 



162 


^TJOATIOWAI, LBOIBLATIOK AND DBOISIONB. 


t 

structlon held in the county, and the m^tlnga of any teachen* associations, 
and to viKlt model schools under the direction of trustees or boards of trustees’ 
and shall pay such teachers a wage for the time sp^t equal to the per dieifi 
of such teacher: Provided, That not more than three^ays shall be allowed in 
any one year. Ch. 278, Mar. 6, 1911. 

Kansas: Relating to normal institutes in certain counties. 

Two or more counties, each having less than 12,000 [Instealf of 3,0001 U\- • 
habitants, may Join for institute purposes; aside from determining the tlnie 
and place of meeting, and contracting with conductor and Instructors, the 
superintendent of the county In which the Institute is held shall be In charge 
thereof. State aid of $50 gl?en to each institute In which 25 [Instejid of 35] 
persons have registered. In case of joint Institutes, each county from which 
26 members are registered shall receive State old. Cash balances reumlniug 
after payment of expenses shall be distributed equally among the institute 
funds of the counties uniting. ch. 270, Mar. 14, 1911. 

lioaisiana: An act to amend aad reenact sec. 45 of AcJ No. 214 of ltK)2, etc. 

The State board of Institute managers, which formerly consisted of the 
State superintendent of public education and the president of the State nor- 
mal 9chool|;;ig^^larged by the addItIoi> of the president of the Louisiana 
Statejlerffersity and Agricultural and Mechanical College; the resident of 

• tlMrrTouisIana Industrial Institute, at Kuston; the president of the I^uislana 
Southwestejfti Industrial Institute, at I^fayette ; and the 8iii>errritendent of 
public edincation of the Parish of Orleans, The State Institute conductor 
shall be ^retary of the board. Act 223. July 6, 1910. 

Louisian^:- An act relative to pariah teachers* Institutes and assoclo tlous, etc. 

Seciion 1. It shall be the duty of every parish 8uperlntcndeq,t of educa- 
tion to conduct a teachers* Institute or nssoclntion on one Saturday of every 
month, or In bis discretion, on a Friday and Saturday of every alternate 
month, during the time the public schools are In session, In each Institute 
district. 

Sec. 2. Teachers are required to attend aniff perform the parts assigned to 
them. Failure to do so fa penalized by loss of one day’s salary. 

Sec. 3. School boards may pay teachers $2 per day for attendance, with 
8 cents per mile of travel. 

Sec. 4. The State Institute conductor shall formulate programs for such 
institutes, and the board of State Institute managers shall nnnunlly prepare 
a State reading course for teachers; and the parish su|>erinteudent8 shnU 
foUow the said programs and enforce the said reading courses. The dully 
session of the Institute shall be not lees than five hours of actual work. 

Sec. 5. Roll call and reports of attendance. 

Sec. 6. The parish superintendent shall annually appoint a competent 
teacher .as Institute manager for each district; his compensation shall bo 
$3 per day of actual i^r^fee. 

Sec. 7. This act shall not apply to the Parish of Orleans. 

Sec. 8. Repealing clause. - Act 119, July 5, 1010. 

Such institutes were previously optional with the ^rish superlutendent* ** 

North Dakota: See A (a). 

Pennsylvania: See A (a). 


H. SCHOOL POPULATION AND ATTrijDANCE. 


(a) General. 

■» ^ " 

* Alabama (1010) : A complaint in gn action by a minbr alleged to be entitled 
to school privileges against the superintendent and* a teacher of a school in a 
district, for lefttslng plaintiff admission to the school held not to ftate a 
cause, of action nktdar Acta 1900-1001» p. 2602. — ^Weaver Pepper et ah, 

.62.80., TH ^ 




1 ^ ^ ^ 

SCHOOL POPULATIOK AOT) ATTENDAHOE. 163 

* Alabama (1910) : Right of pnbllc-ochool authorities to exact attendance fees > 
Btated. . • • 

A rule requiring public-school pupils to pay an attendance fee held reason- . 
able, making noncomplinnce therewith ground for cjicludlng the pupil. — 
Bryant v. Wbisenant et al., 62 So., 625. 



Georgia: 
^ tlon. 


Making valid the contracts entered iqto by minors for their educa- 

No. 18. Aug. 19, 1911. 


Lonlsiana: Amending sec. 11, Act Ko. 214. 1902, relating to the assessment 
tipOQ ptirents and guardians for incidental expenses of the public schools. 

The school board shall have aiithorlty to assess and collect 50 centg^per ( 
annum from the imrents or guardians of each child enroll(M in the public [ 

Bcbools of n parish or district, but no parent or guardian, kIiuII be required ^ 

to p:iy more than $150. The nnioimt thus collected shall be used in pro- 
viding the necessary fuel and other coiuforta of the schools. (The former* 

„ fee was $1 from each family sending a cblimor children to schi>ol.y 
• * ' Act No. 272. July 7. 1910. 


• Ijouislana (1910) : An npi)enl held not to be to sui>reme ^urt from on order 
requiring certain children to be restoreil to the pii%*be of the puWlc 
schools. — State ex rel. Bouvler et al. t’< Wnlet et pi., 51ilff^200. 

New Hampshire: Ameiidiug chapter 93, section 14, of tlie rublle Statutes as 
amended by chapter 81 of the I^aws of 1901 iiud chapter 13 of the Laws of 
1003. 


Provides that any person having the custody^or control of n child may 
apply to the State superintendent of inihllc instruction for relief wiienever 
such person deems it to be agninst the moral or physical welfare of such 
child to ntv.ml the particular school requlro^l by law and s»ii)erlntendent may. 
after giving notice to the school board of the district in which the child U 
required to attend school, order such child to attend any other school in the 
same district or in another district. Ch. 139. Apr. 13, 1911. 

New Jersey: The district hoards of education may offer Instruction free to 
residents over 20 years of age. ' Ch. 183, Mar. 27. 1912. 

• Oklahoma (1912) : On the Issue whether n i>erson U v negro or a white per- 
son, evidence of his relation to the white nnd negro races, and the nature and 
extent of his association wMth tticm, was admissible in a proceeding to compel 
^ his admission to a white sc'hool. * 

-■ On the issue whether a person la a negro or a white person, evidence that 

' such person Is generally regarded ns n negro or white person Is comi>etent. 

On an issue whether onew*a negro or a white i>erRon, evidence that, the 
a person attended a white school In the State from which he came Is admissible. 

if the law of that State prohibits negroes from attending white schools. — 
i Cole V. District Board of School Diet. No. 29, McIntosh County. 123, p. 426. 

Pennsylvania: See A (a). ' I / 

South OaroUna: Au act to authorize and empower Springfield school district 



/ 


in Orangeburg County to chn'rj 

$2^ per annum for heating, 
and incidentals. . 


nnttlculntlop fee. •* 

ghtlng. Janitor service, iDsnronce, 
Act. 439, m. 18, 1910. 

South Carolina: An act to authorize a (^pting^^fee of |1 per month iU Dis- 
trict No. 9. Cinrendon County. ' \ Act 445, Keb. 2.% 1910. 

^onth Carolina: An act to authorize a cdhtlngent /emf $6 per year for Bnm- 
eon High School, District No. 1, Hn|npton CJouoty. Act 448, ITeb. 26, 1010. 

South Carolina: An act to authorize a cofftlngent fee of $2 per year In Millera 
school district and Oapway school district, Marion county. 

• - ^ Act 476, Feb. 24, 1910, " 

* Washington (1910) ; In action for b(!hard and lodging famish^ defendantfs 
boys at a boaiding schooi. the amount plaintiff was enUtled to recover was for ^ 
the Jury.~l^on v. Sparks ft uk, 112 StCi, . - 







M fWJ. 


164 KDT70AXI0KAL LBOIBLA^K AMT> DEdSIOKS. 

^ H. -(b) School Census. 

G^onUa: Repealing uecUona 1(534-1646 of tie Political Code, relating to 
taking the school census. ch. 333, Mar. 31. 1911. 

Colorado: Amending section 5936 of the Berlsed Statutes, rela'tlng to the time 
of taking the school census. 

Changes dates between which census must be taken.from April 10 and May 
1 to February 10 and March 1, respectively. Ch. 201, May 30, 1011. 

Florida: Amending section 351 of the General Statutes, relating to the duties 
of county superlntendenta 

Repeals that part of section which requires county sui)erlutea(lent to take 
achoo\ census every 10 yeara Ch. 6242 (Ko. 123). June 6. ftll. 

Montana: Relating to duties of district clerks. 

Requires taking school census and fixes penalty for failure to do so; pre- 
scribes explicit descripUon of parenU or guardians; provides for publication 
of financial statement Ch. 102. Mar. 6. 191L 

Nevada: See A (a). 

North Dakota: See A (a). ' IL* . 

• \ ^ 

Virginia: An act to provide for the npportlon»nt of school funds and for 

taking the census of. children In school districts situated in more than one 

Ch. 138, Mar. 11. 1910. 

Virginia: An act to amend an act adding section 1463a to the code, etc., ar>- 
pro\-ed March 11, 1908. 

Relates to the manner of taking a new census In districts of which the 
boundaries have b^u changed. Ch. 131. Mar. 11, 1910. 




. H. (c) School Year; Month; Day/ 

Kansas: ' See B (c). . ^ . * ' 

OiOulsiana: An act to nm^end section 38 of Act No. 2W of 1002. etc. 

Provides that the anpual reports of parish superintendents shall be made on 
or before- July 10 of each yeai* instead of January 10 and shall cover the 
prevlsus'SessioD Instead of the piAvlous year. Act 53, June 1010. 

* Mlssonri *0900 ) : Word “ year" when »used In employing . teachers means 
college or school year, not calendar year. 

” Comnienceiueht ” defined. — Brookflem 4>. Drury Col., 123 S. W., 86. 

Neradac See A (a). , * ^ 

. North Dakota: Bee A (a), ' 

PetmsirlVaaiM Bee A (a). 

Virginia: An act to amend section 1466 of the Code. etc. 

Change the dntds of certa^ rei>orts required of district school boards 
Close .of the school year fixed ift June 30 instead of July 31. 

• ) ^ , . Ch. 338, Mar. IX. ^910. 




^ H. (d) Schodl HoUdays. 


Alabama: Declaring the 12th day of October each year a legal holiday, to 
^ known ^^Oolumbns Day, Act0l,p.»i,Mtfr.4,'lfin. • 

AhdNsma; JOtj^aring Tuesday ; before Ash' Wednesday In each year a legal 
li^dsir, to bek^ Mardl.Orfisilay. Act 142, p. m Mar. It, 1^1. 



.'X' V L.' 


* SCHOOL POPOLATIOH AKl) ATTBNDAHOE. ICS 

Arkansas: Hiking ?une 8, the birthday of Jefferson Davis, a legal holiday. 

Act 2S6, p. 282, Mny 26. 1011. 

Florida: Setting apart first Friday in November to be observed lii public 
schools as Mothers* Day. Ch. 6204 (No. 85). June 5. 1011. 

'Kentucky: An act designating the 12tb day of October of each year a legal 
holiday, to be known aa.Coloinbus Day. Ch. 0. Mar. 14, 1910. 

I/onisiaikfi: Making it obligatory^ upon all school boards to order the celebra- 
. •, tion annually of (October 12, the date of the discoverj* of America by Christo- 

pher Columbus, by appropriate public exercises in the M'bmils. 

Act No 56. June 29. 1910. 

Massachasetts: An act to provide that the 12th day of Ortober sluill be a 
legal holiday and shall be called (Columbus Day. Ch. 47.1. Apr. 11)10. 

^ Massachasetts: Making the 12tb day of October a legal IhOldny. 

Ch. VM\. .Miir 13. IPll, 

Mississippi: An act to make January 19. the blrtlubiy of (hui. Itohert K. I..ee. 
a legal holiday. , Ch. 171, Mar. :10. 1910. 

New Mexico: Makes Columbus Day, October 12. a public holiday. 

• (Law by llmiiatiun. ) Ch. 10, 1912. 

Ohio: (H. B. No. 23,) Amending section 8^1 of. General Code, relating to 
boUdnys, by adding the 12tb day of October to tbe list of legal holidays. 

Laws 1910, p. 34, Mar. 25, 19ia 

Rhode Island: An act in amendn>ent of section 5, chapter 201. of the Gez^ral 
Laws, etc. f 

Makes (Columbus Day, October 12, a public holiday. 

Ch. 528. Mar. 10. 3910. 

West Virginia: Amending and reenacting chapter 7^ of tbe Acts of 1909, 
tuQown as chapter 15 L of the 0>de of West Virginia, relating to leghl holi- 
days, Makes October 12 a legal holiday. Ch. 40. Feb. 18, 1911. 


H. (e) Place of Attendance; Transportation of Pupils; Consolida- 
tion A>f Schools. 

See aMo A if). 


Oalifornia: ValldaUng the consolidation of certain school districts 
^ Cities composed of two or more school districts, but whlcb.have been con- 
* ^ted as one district for a period of one year or more, are validated as one 
dlBtriot. '■ Ch. 94, Mar, 1, 1911. 


Colorado: Amending chapter 204 of tbe Acts of 1909, relating to tbe consoli- 
dation. of scboola. * 

. . * i 

vFormer act required that transportation be furnished to ail pupils living 
1 mile or more from schoolhouse. Amendment leaves such transportation to 
theHlscretloh of school boards. Oh. 202, May 28. 1911. 

Gailtonila: See y (o). , 

Oonnecticat: Amdhdlng section 1 of chapter 210^ of the" Public. Acta of 1008, 
relating to tbe transportation of pupils In consolidated school disiddcts. 

i • Oh. 1T8. Aug. 8. 191L 


(1009) ; Resident of a school district tn which n6 school Is held cao 
send itis children to a school in adjoining district ln.whlch he owns land.— 
&vans n. Sch. ^st No.. 46 et, aL, lOtk Pac.. 538, ; , ^ ^ 

Kttaitaidgrt (o)* ^ ^ ^ 



166 BDXrOATIOirAL LEOIBLATroir AHD DBOiraQKB. 

MMsachssetto: An act t^Utc to the transportation b; street and elevated 
railway companlefl of puplla of Industrial schdola 
ProTldee that pupils ot industrial day or erenlng schools shall he caniM 
at half rate to and from school. Ch. 507, May 20, 1910, 

Massachnsetta: Directing the board of education to Investl^rate and report 
upon the matter of transportation of pnplla Report must be made not later 
than January 15, 1913. Res. ch, 39, p. 880,* Apr. 3, 1912. 

* Masaachnaetts (1912) : It Is presumed that the rate fixed by a statute as a 
maximum which may be charjced for carrying school children on street rail- 
ways is reasonable, the burden being on the carrier to show the contrary.— 
Oommbowealth v. Boston & N. St. Ry. Oo., 98 N. E., 1075. 

* Maasachnsetto (1912) : To make Stnt. 1910. ch. 567. limiting the charges for 
school children for street-car trarel. Invalid, an depriving a carrier of prop- 
erty without due process of law, the rate must so small as to require the 
companies to perform the service at a loss, and so that the total net earnings 
do not yield a reasonable return on the value of the corporate property. — 
Commonwealth t?. Boston & N. St Ry. Co.. 98 N. BL, 1075. 


Mississippi: An act to proTlde for the transportation of pupils when school^ 
are consolidated. 

Sectior 1. When two or^Bpre schools are consolidated Into one school by 
the county school board, tqPKMiTtl of public school trustees for snld school, 
together with the county superintendent, are anthorlned.to provide means 
of transportation of pupils. 

SBa2. Should more than four Schools be consolidated into one school, the 
salary of two teachers of the consolidated schools may be expended' lu the 
transportation of pupils. \ 

Seo. 3f The expense of such transportation shall be paid from the school 
fund of the county, provided such expense shall not amount to more than 
the salary of one of the teachers of said school for the school session aqd 
the salary of two teachers where more than four schools are con^lldated 
into one. Prescribes method of payment for such transportation. A 

Ch. 124, Mar. ffTliTLO. 

Mississippi: Amending the act to provide for the transportation of pupils in 
consolidated di^cts. 

The board of trustees of & consolidated school may provide transportation 
for pupllB living 2 miles [limit new] from the consolidated school district 
under rules and regulations of the State board of education. Omits stipu- 
lation restricting the expense to saving salaries ^f teachers. 

Cli. 255, Feb. 9, 1912. 

Montana: Authorising district trustees to. famish transportation of pupils 
from their homes, to school within the district. Gb. 40. Feb. 23, 1911. 

New Uan^hire? Edvpowerii^ scbopl districts to raise money foi the purchase 
of BQltahle vehicles for the transportation of school children. 

Ch. 46. Mar.. 9, 1911. 


*New Hampshire (1912) : Under Lews 1909, cb. 100, the action of a school 
' board in paying tuition for a pupil ou^lde of the State Justided the Inference 
Of the approval, so as to charge the board with subsequent tuition. 

Accesalblllty, within Laws 1909, ch. lOQ, of a high school outside the State, 
does not depmd only on distance, but involves also the matter of facilities 
for transportation. 

A school board paying tuition for a pupil attending school, outside of the 
. State is not mitltled to withdraw arbitrarily Its approval olf the school.— 
Poshes «. Seh. Dist, 82 At, 718. s « * 


New Jersey: 8^ A (6). . 

OWo; (a ft Na 182.) PHtrMiDg that the qaestlon of. centMlIiatioD ot.towa 
italp adioota M aobmltted to the at a special electiitm. , . ' x 

■■■'> r ^ B. No. ino. ^ 



SCHOOL POPULA^Oir AHO ATTBITPAHOB. 


a67 


Ohio:* (H. B. No. 264.) ' Providing that boards of education of special districts 
shall npt discriminate between different portions of Aid districts or between 
pupils of similar ages or residing at similar distances from the schoolboase 
In the inatter of tran^rtatlon of pupils. Laws 1910, p. 167, May 5, 1910. 

Ohio: (H. B. No. 482.) Amending section 7733 of Genattl Code, relative to 
transportation of pupils 'in village school districts with or wltiiont attached 
territory by giving the board of education In such district the option of pi;o->. 
vldlng for the conveyance 6t pupils of the district or any adjoining district 
to the school or schools of the district, the expense incurred* to be paid from 
the school funds of the district In which such pnplls reside. 

Laws 1910, p. 307, H. B. No. 482, May 19, irflO. 

* Oklahoma (1910) ; A taxpaj'er and citizen of a ^hool district can not sue the 
officers of the district on the ground that certain of their acts will make it 
less convenient for him to send his children to school — Farrimond et al. e. 
Coalgate Sch. Dlst., 108 Pac., 371. 

Peqnsylva^a: See A (a)^ * * 


Rhode Island: An act In amendment of and in addition to chapter 74 of the 
General Laws, etc. 

' \ 
Whenever- an/ ungraded school has been or shall be consoll' ted with a 
graded schocl, there shall be paid by the State to the town , which ^e 
' Bobools are situated on account of said graded school the sum o' vlOO annually 
for each school so consolidated, the same to be used for the support of the 
said grad^ school or for the tranaportatlon of pupils thereto. 

Ch. 545, Apr. 19, 1910. 

§outh Carolina: To provide for Mnsolldated and graded schools. 


Not less than $16,000 shall be appropriated annually to assist rural schools 
In the establishment, malDtenaDce, and Improvemeiii^of rural graded scboota 
Said money shall be expended from the appropriation under Act No. 431, 1900 
(f. e.. Term ^Extension Act. fUrovldlng that at least $60,000 be appropriated 
annually to increase the average length of free-Scbool term). 

When any rural district levies at least 4 mills, employs In Its school two 
oerttOed teachers at least* six months, has an enrollment of at least 60, an 
* average atteii^nce of at least 30, good, l^ell-equipped building,^ course of 
study, etc., approved by the State board of education, it shall receive $200 per 
annum. ' ' ' 

^ When any mral district levies a minimum of 4 mills, employs three OMnore 
certified teacbeVs, has a mlnlmnm term of seven months, a minimum enroll- 
meqt of 75, n minimum average attendance of 40,* a comfortable, wdl-eqnlpped 
building, course of study approved by the State board of education. It shaD 
receive $^ per annum. 

. , The school trustees may use the State money to fnmlsh transportation. If 
county superintendent approves. * * * 

The State superlntebdent shall provide roles and regulations. Applications 
are considered In the order of receipt No. 497. IHeb. 26, 1912. 


Sooth CareUna: When a pupil of one district attends school In Mother dis- 
trict 4n which a special tax Is levledt an Incidental fbe may be charged equal, 
to the amount that would be paid as tax if the property of the patron were* 
in the special tax district. , No. 347, Feb. 28, lOlZ 

(Without gowaofs stgnatnra) 

Soi^Ch DalooU< Amepding section 168 of chapter ISl^of the Laws of 1907* 




^KCTTOH 108 When pupUs. reside more tl^an 2f miles, from the nearest 
' Bcboolhonse^n the school district, end not to exceed 8 mll^ then the mirmit, 
guardian, or pupil shall recelve'from his echobi district lO cents pm day for 
eaclH^hpil; if more than S mites and not to exceed 4 mlles» 25 cents pef 
If 4 mUes and hok to' exceed 5 mtles„ 85 cents per if 6 mlles-suid not. to 
exceed 6-intl^ 45*ceots per day: FrooMed,_ that sn^ dna^el 
.hball be bi^ fmr ahtnel: attendance at public sdtmol, and condltionM tbet the 
ih'tm for ctmteyaiK^et Fr^^ldedv TOatwIi “ 




168 


BD0OATrOKAL LBQX8LATI0K AKD DB0I8I0KS. 


^ paying tuition and such tranaportation 

provided for In this section : Provided further, in d^mlnlne 
the ^stance to ^ traveled to get to any school, the most direct route by sec- 
^ computation. This act shall apply onlWo 

achools operating under the township school system. Ch. 141, Feb. 27, 19ii. 

Virginia: General appropriation bill. 

Inct^sw amount to be turned over to the State board of education for 
a^itlonment from $475,000 to $500,000, and provides that $26,000 may be 
encouragement Md malnt«iance of rural graded schools of two 
“o school shaU receive more than 
school receiving such aid shall not receive aid from the hleh- 
scnool fund. ^h 282, May 16, 1910 

Virginia: Relating to the attendance of children in schools of a district' Ate Ar 
than the district of their residence. 

If no ogT^eat Is made by the districts concerned, the division suoerln- 
determine ^e amount to be transferred, subject to appeal ^ the 
school trustee electoral board of the county. Ch. 321, Mar. 14, 1912 

Wisconsin: Creating sections 419b, 419c, 419d, 419e, 419f, 419g, and 419h of 
the Statutes, relating to the consolidation of school districts.* 

“Section 419b. Whoever an application. In writing, signed bv at least 

dlstrlcto, shall be 

wl^ t^ chairman of a town board of supervisors or the president of a 
^llage hoard of ^ste^ or mayor of the city In which any part of such 
districts are'sltuated. requesting the town board or 
of Bu^rvlsors or the town board or boards of supervisors and the vlb 
rouncll of any of the municipalities included 
whol y O' in part wltWn the boundaries of such school dlstrlrts to call a 
meeting ^ the town board or boards of supervisors or the board or 
of supervisors and the village board of trustees or mty council to 
altering toe boundaries of such school districts and 
forming In lieu thereof one consolidated school district, it shall be the dutv 
of the ofla^r with whom au5^ application or petition has been filed to fix a 
ume for the meeting of the town board or boards of supervisors or the town * 
board of ^pervlsors and the village trustees for a meeting of the town board 
21 meeting of the town boards of supervisors and 

the village board of trustees or city council Id which any part of such whole 
or joint school district may be situated, which time shall not be iLs than 
10 nor more than 20 days after the presentation to such ufllcers^ ^ch 
petition or application. 

®ro. 419c. officers to whom the application or petition Is presented 
^11 cause a wrlUen notice of the time and place of such meeting to be 
given to each supervisor, member of the council, or member pf the village 
boa^ of trostees entitled to be present at such meeting and to the clerk of 
each school district affected by the proposed change, which notice shall be 
Berv^ at jMst five days prior to tha date fixed therefor. Such meetlna 
wall be neJd at the schoolhouse or some convenient place within the 
•^nndarles of the proposed consolidated school district ' If the town board 
supervisors qr the town boards of supervisors or the town board or boards 
^supervisors and the village board of trustees In which any part of the 
/mw ||hool district Shan be situated shall, by Joint vote, favor the oonsoll” 
idaflq^ such Khool districts they shall make an order to that effect, which 
order shall be duly filed In the ofllce of the town clerk or village clerk of 
a^htof the towns or towns and village In which the school dlstrieto may 
“ P^rt He and thereafter such consolidated bchool district shall 
for anmurposte whatsoever be considered one school district 

"8ic\tt9a. If the officers upon.whom the application shall be served shall 
refuM o\ a^ect to fix the time and the place or to give the notices for the 
it the board of supervisors or the board of vlUage trustees Or 
aty CQtra<ffl or a naajortty thereof of any town, towns, or vlUage or cities in 
„aiv ^terested In or affected by the propose eh^e shall neglect or 
V npon the appllcatloh before them or If a majority 

% ^ miperriso|rk,Or town bOards uf supervisors or village 



BOHOOL POPULATION AND ATTBNDANOS. 169 

shall be deemed denied and any person feeling himself aggrieved by the 
action taken by the town, board of sui^erv isors and trustees of the village 
may npj)eal therefrom to the State Bui>orlntendent in a similar manner and 
with like effect as In other cases. . 

*‘Sec. 419e. In cnee two or more school districts shall be ordered consoll' 
dated, and in case the electors and school board of such consolidated school 
district shall maintain during any school y«ir a first-class, or frev high school, 
and Uie grades below a free high school, and the electors of such consolidated 
school district shall direct the school board to transiwrt all persons of school 
age living more than 2 miles from the school in such district that may desire 
to attend school, then the State may repay to such school district 10 C(*nt8 
per day for each such person living more than 2 miles from school, the dis- 
tance to be measured by the nejirest traveled highway, that was so transported 
to and attended school regularly for at least six ‘months during the school 


year. 

V Sec, 419f. In case the electors of any such consolidated school district 
shall desire to take advantage of the provisions of sections 419b to 419h, In- 
clusive, relating to. transportation, they may make arrangement with the 
parents, guardians, or other persons to tranai^rt children living more than 
2 miles from school ; providing, that such parents, guardlnfs, or other perspns 
shall provide for the transportation of the children n comfortable and conven- 
ient bus or wagon well supplied^ with protection against inclement weather, 
and shall actually transport or provide for the transportation pf such children 
to the school for at least six months. 

“Sec. 419g. Any board of the consolidated school district entitled to aid 
under the provisions of sections 419b to 419h. inclusive, shall, on or before the 
15th day of July In each school year make under oath a report to the State 
superintendent ^vlng the name of each pupil transported more than 2 miles, 
the number of days each such pupil was transported, the mode of tnmsiwrta* 
tlon, and the total amount claimed by the district ou account of all pupils re- 
siding more than 2 miles from school'for whom transportation or trnnsiwrtn- 
tlon and tuition fiave been paid. Upon receipt of such report the State 8ui>er* 
Intendent shall certify to the secretary of state the amount due such district, 
•and the secretary of state shall thereupon issue a warrant In favor of such 
district, for such amount which shall be paid by the State tre.asurer to the 
treasurer of the district from the schodl funds provided for by section 1072a 
of the Statutes. 

“ Sec. 419h. To carry out the provisions of this act there is hereby ap- 
propriated nimnally,*out ot the moneys assessed and collected under the pro- 
visions of Section 1072a of the Statutes, a sum sufficient to meet all the np- 
nroved claims coming under the provisions of sections 419b to 419U, inclusive.” 
t Ch. 649, July 12, 1911. 

WlsconsiD: Amending sections 430-4. 490q, 490r, and 496s of the Statutes, 
relating to the transportation of pupils to and from rural schools, jind making 
an appropriation therefor, Ch. 618, July 7, 1911. 


H. (f) Comj^ulsory Attendance; Truancy; Truant Officers. 

. Arizona; All chllmn between 6 and 21 shnl^be admitted to achool. Admis- 
sion of beginners may be arranged at stated intervals. 


PupilsmuBt comply with rules and regulaiiona 
Penaltils, suspension, or expulsion. - , 

No child under 10 ahall be employed during achool hours without a written 
permit from the trustees for reasons specified; penalty, fines to |100. 

Every parent or guardian having control of child between 8 and 10 shall 
send ,8uch child to sch<M)l for full time public achool is in session, attendance 
to be'^continuouB five days in the week. 

May be excused If — 

1. Taught at home by competent teacher in common-school hntnchea . 

A Att^ds private or parochial school fall time. 

•A PI^Blcal^ or mentally unfit * 

, 4. Completed gTsmmsMChool course. 

.Penalty ^r rioiatlt^ jty 


170 


BDUO/TIOKAL LEOraumON AND DEOIBIONB. 


as applied to compulsory attend- 


M«ho: Be^'A (a). 

^ Kentucky: An act to amend an act approved March 9, 1908, relating to de- 
pendent, neglected, or del^qupnt children. ^ 

^vldes for the appointment of volunteer probation officers to serve with- 
except in cities of the first or second class. Increases the 
snlarlea of assistant probation officers in such cities from $700 to $1000 a 

Ch, 77, Mar. 23, 1910. 

Maryland: Compulsory, school attendance in BalUmore City; optional In 17 
counties (does not apply to six counties). 

between 8 and 14 ahall attend regularly 
during entire Khool year (usual exceptions). Children 14 to 16 must attend 
unless regularly employed to labor at home or elsewhere. 

124A. Imcountles every child between 8 and 14 shall attend’ some day school 
regularly, for a period fixed by>the county school commissioners (In no case 
less than four months). Children 14 to 16 must attend unless regularly 

This section shall apply only to countlM 
where the board of county school commissioners approve the same and 
appoint attendance offlcere to enforce It. 

2S. Relation of preceding sections by parents a misdemeanor. Flue not 

Ch. 173, Apr. 8, 1912. 

MassachnsettA : Defining the word “minor' 
ance at evening schools. 

Provides that Illiterate persons shall be consider^ minors until 21 years old. 

Ch. 241, Apr. 6, 1911. 

Maaaachnsetts: Relating to the age and schooling certificates of minora. 

certificate shall be provided by chief of police; schooling 
certificate shall not be issued unless applicant can read and write as re- 
. QUired for admission to the fourth grade In school. 

Ch. 269, Apr. 10, 1911. 

gaMachnietta: Relating to female truants In the city of Boston. 

Pabltol female truants shall be committed to the charge of the chlldrefts’ 
trustees to be by them cared for In the same manner as 'neglected 

Ch. 202, Mar. 26, 1911. 

Massachnaet^s: The school commissioners shall apiwlnt " school attendance 
officers ’’ instead of truant offlcera 

Females may be ailpolnted. Ch. 662. Apr. 1912. 

IfasBMhnietts: RestoreSTkjslgnntlon " truant officers.” bpt retains the provl-’ 
alon adthorizing females. ^ ch. 711. June ,4. 1912. 

Nevadji: Bee A (o)^ 

New Jersey: Relating to truan^ft^cerA 

’I'e servl^ of all frnant offlhera of the public scfloola In any school 
district In a^ city of this State ahallbe during good behavior and efficiency 
after the expiration of a period o« employment of one year in said school dl«u 
Wet: ^ortdsd. That the time any truant officer has re^wVthe dlsWct In 
which be or she Is employed at Uie tine this act- shall go Into effect shall bj 
counted In delertnining such period of em]iloyment eci air bo 

“ tninm officer shall be dlsmlssetl or nibjrcted to reduction of snlnrv 

except for Inefficiency, conduct unbecoming an officer, or othet Jnst cause and 
after a written cha^e qf the cause or causes shall hare 

1> !” O f her, signed by the^ person or imrsotui making the tame, ai^ 
flle^jmi tte secretary or clerk of the board of education of the school dls- 
Wc«^Wch he or she is ooployed. and after the charge shall hare been 
examin^ Into' and fotod true In tact by the said boanl of edncatlon. noon 
**** who unny be represented by conn^ 

•t ^ beerla*.- . Oh. m. ipf. 21, 

PewMglT.aal«f See 41 / 



SCHOOL POPULATION AND ATTENDANCH. < 171 

H. (g) Child Labor. 

Bee aUo H if). * 

Alabama: Amending section^ 8 and 11 of an act of the Ivegislatnre of Alabama 
entitled "An act to regnlate the employment of child labor in certain milla, 
factories, mid manufacturing establishments In this State, and to provide for 
Uie inspection . 0 / the rooms, places, and premises wherein children are worked 
and to adequately punish violations of this act, approved August 26; 1909." 

Fixes penalty of employer- for knowingly violating the act or failing or 
refusing to give the required Information. 

Provides that manufacturing establishments wherein women and children 
are employed shall be inspected at least four times u year without notice. 

' Act 413, p. &46, Apr. 21, 1011. 

AUbc la: Requiring the locati<m of public schools in disjtrlcts in which are 
leg ated a manufacturing plant or manufacturing plants employing 50 or more 
children within the school age, who are subject to the child-labor law. 

Act 246. p. 247, Apr. 6. 1911. 

‘ Arizona: Regulating the employment of women and minora 

SECTION 1. No child under wAiall be employed in any mill, factory, store, 
office, restauraht, etc., or in the transportation of merchandise or messages. 

Sec. 2. No child under 14 shall be employed In any buFlnoss or service 
whatever during the hours in which the public schools are in sessiou. 

Sec. 3. No child under 16 shall be employed in apeci6ed occupations about 
machinery. 

Sec. 4. No child under 16 shall bo employed in manufacturing paints, 
matches, or goods for immoral purposes; nor in any smelter,' cigar factory, 
hotel, laundry, distillery, brewery, theater, saloon, etc.; nor in operating an 
automobile, nor in a bowling alley, nor in any employment declared by the 
suite board of health to bo dangerous to health or morals of children under 16. 

Sec. 6. The State board of health shall determine what occupAtlons «re 
dangerous. 

Sec. 6. Females shall not.be eniployed in any capacity requiring them to 
stand constantly. Seats shall be . provided and female employees shall be 
allowed to use them. 

Skc. 7. No child between 14 and 16 4hall be employed in establiahmeots 
named in section 1. miless employer makes list of such children and. keeps 
one accessible to Inspectors, etc., and posts other list at entrance. 

Sec. S.'Authorized iif^pectors may require that employment certificates be 
produced. 

Sec. 9. When employment of child terminates, employer shall return cer- 
tificate to* person issuing same. 

Sec. 10. Kniifioyment certificates shall be issued only by county, city, or 
- town Buperintondent of schools^ or by i>ereon authorized by him, or, if there 
Lb no Biiperlntendent. by person authorized by Use school board No one shall 
Issue a certificate for a child to be employed by uimself. 

. Sto. 11. A school certificate and proof of .^e of child shall be required 
before a certificate sbaTl be Issued. 7 . ' 

Sko. 12. A transcript .of birth corflflcate shnll be prime fade evtdenceTbf 
age. 

Sec. Id The, child must appear Ih 4 >erson before the Issalng oflker. The 
latter roust make examination and certity that tbrchlld can read and write 
in tlie English language, and that the child Is normally developed and able to 
do Ute work It Intends to' do. The physical condition of the child shall be 
certified by the medical officer of the board of health or a phystdan appoln^ii 
by the Khool commtnIOQ. ' 

Sec; 14. The ceitiflcftte. aball deaerlbe the cMld. It tball be itgiied by the 
child, and dated. ^ * 

Bi». 16. The school certificate (aee eection 11) dull be fteaa the pritudpal 
or chief exocntlve oOker of tfie achool, and v!iaU diow that the .aUld baa 
attended at least. IdO.dajra doring the brsriotw year; that It diti read and 
writer, and ba# nimleid l&ilariictton eqtriv^^ to tn mtly firaM la toad* 





IM • J . III. 

EDUCATIONAL LEGISLAXIOl^ AKD DEOIStOKS. 



!ng» Bpelllng. writing, EngllBb grammar, and g^graphy, and U familiar with 
' ^ tbe fundamental operatlona of arithmetic to and including fractions. 

Sec. 16. The person issnlng employment cerdflcates* shall report to the 
State superintendent the certificates and refusals to issue, and state name of 
employer to whom each is issued. 

^c. 17. The State 8ui>erlntendent or other authorized oflflcer may demand 
j!fcx)f of the age (over 10) of a child employed or an employment certificate, 
and If neither Is fumishetl, may require that employment cease. ^ 

Sec. 18. No child under 18 shall be employed In specified hazardous occu- 
pations or any other occupation declared by the State board of health to 
be dangerous or injurious to children under 18. * « 

Sec, 19. The said board shall determine what occupations are dangerous or 
injurious to children under 13. 

Sec. 20. No female shall be employed In any mine, etc. 

, Se^. 21. In incorporated cities and towns no person under 21 shall be 
employed as messenger between 10 p. m. and 5 a. m. ^ 

Sec. 22. No boy under 16 or girl under 18 shall be employed (except In 
domestic sendee or farm work) more than 48 hours per week, nor more 
than 8 hours per day, or between 7 p. m. and 7 a. m. 

' ■ Sec.^. Employers shall post notices of the hours of employment, etc. 

Sec.1||||,.No boy under 10 or girl under 16 shall sell papers, etc. No boy 
under loshnll work as bootblack. * 

Sec. 26. Factory Inspectors may visit places of employment 
Secs. 26-36. Provide penalties for violation of preceding sections. 

' Ch. 32, May 13, 1912. 

Arizona; Relating to mine inspection. 




Section 22. Nd person under IS years of age shall be employed us a hoist- 
ing engineer. ^ 

Sec. 27. Boys under 18 years of age shall not be employed underground in 
any mine. - Oh, 33, May 13. 1912. 

Oallfornia: Amending an act regulating the employment of minors, approved 
February 20, 190S. 

“No minor under IS years of age may be employed between 10* p. m. and 6 
a. ru. ; no child under 16 years of age shall be employed lii any mercantile 
-.^stltuUon, office, laundry, manufac^jiing establishment, worksbdl\ place 
^ amusement, restaurant, hotel, apartment house, or in the transmission of 
merchandise or messages;' employers must keep on file for inspection school- 
ing oertifientea Iff minors between 16 and 16 years old; exceptions for chil- 
dren ovdr 12 in #ise of need by parents, permit granted ; no child with per- 
mit shall remain Idle longer than two weeks. Gb. 46^, Apr. 14. 1911. 

Oallfornia: Prohibiting minors under age of 18 years from vending and filing 
goods, engaging in or conducting any business between the hours of 10 o'clock 
in the evening and 6 o’clock In tW morning. Gb. 688. May 1. 1911. 

Oalifomia: Amending section 2 of an act regulating the employment of chil- 
‘ drea, approved February 20, 1906,. * 

Provides that no minor under 18 years of acfb shall work at any employment 
between 10 p. m. and 6 a m. Adds places of smusement to Institutions In 
which children under 14 may not be employed. Gb. 116, Mar. 6. 1911. 

Colorado '^Regulating the employment of children, declaring certain employ- 
meufa of chlldrmi dangerous and lujuriotla to health, life, and limb and pro- 
viding for the enforcemeut of this act. Oh. 95, May 30, 1011. 

OonneetVat: Concamlng the employment of children. 

**BEqTKUt 1. No child under 14 years of age shall be employed In any 
mechanical, mercantile, or manefacturing establishment Every person, 
whetbtf acting for himself or as egen^ for another, who ahall em^ey or 
’ authorise or permit to be ^ployed any child In tIoUUod of the provtitoiM 
•df this saetloa' i^ll ba dnad not more than $10(V 

X No child .undar^ yaari of an ahall be employed In any maduuil» 
manan^nrti^ asubUahmaut tmlaas Ihe^ entpkg^ of soch 


Oi^.mmaiitUa, 
chad ahiOl hA> 


hA>e ftM obtilned a carMeiite^ alined the eeeratery or an 





BOHOOL POPULATION AND ATTBKDAKOS. 


178 


Intendent sopervlBlng principal, or acting acbool yialtor designated by said 
board, staBfng the date of the birth of such child, showing that such child Is 
over 14 years of age and stating tbat such child is able to read with facility, 
to legibly <write simple sentences, and to perform tba operations of thd fnbda- 
^ mental rules of arithmetic with relation both to whole numbers and to frac- 
tions, and does not appear to be physically unfit for employment Such cer- 
^ tificote shall be in the, form prescribed and upon a blank furnished by the 
State board of education and shall be issued in triplicate, and one copy thereof 
shall be delivered to the parent or guardian of such child, one copy shall be 
• * delivered to the employer, and one copy shall be deposited In the ofifice of tbe 

State board of education. Ck>ple8 of such certificate shall be obtainable 
from the State board of education, upon application, at any time. The copy 
of such certificate delivered to the parent or guardian of the child m;iy be 
accepted by the employer as a temporary certificate, good for one week* after 
which time It shall be returned to the parent or guardian of such' child. 

. Every person, whether acting for himself or as agent for another, who shall 
- ^ employ or shall authorize or permit to be employed any child In violation of 
^ the provisions of this section shall be fined not more than $1.00. The secretary 

or the agent of the Stale board of education or the schc«)l supervisor, school 
Bui)erlntendent, supervising principal, or bcting school visitor to whom applica- 
tion shall be made for a certificate as provided In this section, shall have 
power to require all statements of fact offered la support of such application 
to be -made under oath, and. such oath may be administered by said secretary 
or such agent, school supervisor, school superintendent, 8ui>ervlBlng principal, 
or acting school visitor, and said secretary or any such agent, school super- 
visor^ school superfatendent, supervising principal, or acting school visitor may 
, cause any child to be examined by a reputable physician for the purpose of 
aiding him In determining w'hether such child Is physically fit for employment 
and may charge the expense of such physical examination against the State as 
" a part of his expenses. ' * • 

^Sec. 3. Every employer receiving a certificate Issued under the provisions 
of this act shall promptly notify the State board of education. In writing, 
In the form prescribed and upon u blank furnished by said board, of the 
time of commenceuient of the employment of any, child thereunder and, when- 
ever su<A employment {erpnlnates before such child attains the age»*of 16 
years, \)f the time of the termination of such employment. Every ’person 
violating any provision oT this section shall be fiihpd not more than $10. 

** Sec. 4. The provisions of sections 2 and B of this act shall not apply to 
employers of children over 14 years of age In coseii ln which the employment 
commenced prior to the datb on which this* act \shall take effect and, in 
wHIch the employer has also comitlied.with the requirements of the Statutes 
in force at the time of the commencement of such employment. 

** Skc. 6> Evei 7 employer or other person having donlToI of any estobllsh- 
ment or premises where cblldren under 16 years of\age nrp employ^ who 
0 shall neglect tp have and keep on file the cert^cate described In section 2 of 

Ibis act or show the same, with a list of the namgs,ot such children So em- 
ployed, to the secretary or an agent of the State hoatd of Vacation, when 
demanded during the usual business iiours, ahull be fined not more than $100. 

6. The provisions of section 47Q7 of the Genehil Statutes shall be 
,, applicable to sections 1. 2, and 3»of this act Sections 4704, 470^ and 4706 
.of the General Siatutes, chapter 76 of the Public Acts of 1063, chapter 115 
of tlbe Public Acts of 1905^ and chapter *123 of the Public Acts of 1900 are 
hereby repealed. * 'Vh. 110, Jfune 28, lOlL 

Oonnectlcat: .Oonoemiug the employment of children in certain occapatlon& 

Prohibits the employment of cblldren In various occuimtdosV * 

^ Ch. 128, :iuae 28. 1911. 

Oonnectlcat; Amending section 2 of chapter 220 pf tiie Public Acts 1000, 
relating to the employinout of minors and women in mercantile estnbllahmentiL 

Ch. 278, Sept. 10. 1011.. 


Oeorgla: Naiialnor under 16 years of age shall be employed as messenfer hjt 
any mnoero or person engaged In the messenger hoatnesa, the boML 

ofyO^'p. *m. and 6 a. m. * 

deemed nVtal«limeaiior» Ho. 488, A 


174 


BDUCATIONAI. LEOISLAXIOIT AND DB0ISI0N8. 


I\ 


/ 


Kentucky: An act to amend “An act to regulate child labor and! to make the 
proviaioDS thereof ^ectlvc,” approved March 18, 1908, j 

fotends provisions of the law remtlng to employment of children between 
14 and le to any “store, business office,' tetegrapb office, restdurnnt. hotel, 
apartment house, or In the distribution or transmission of mfirchondlse or 
messages,'’ as well ns any “factory, mine, or mercantile estdblisbment *' • 
employment Certlflcates to be Issued by the Superintendent of achools or the 
person authorized by him In writing; when there Is no local superintendent of 
' schools, they shall be Issued by the county superintendent of schools, or the 
person authorized by him; monthly reports shall be made by these officers to 
the labor Inspector; fines Imposed under this act sball inure to the benefit of 
the public schools In the place In which; the violation occurred; other minor 
modlflcatlons. ' ch. 85. Mif. 23. 1910. 

Maryland: Revising child- labor laws. j 

Employment under 12 forbidden In specified occupations. 

Employment under 14 forbidden, except after compllnnce’ with school- 
attendance laws. 

Employment under 16 forbidden In speclfle<l occupations* 

Employment under 18 forbidden in si)eclfied dangerous oocupUtlons. 
Employment under 21 forbidden In ilquor establishments. 

^ Employment of females under IS In occupations reqnU*lng sfivndlng. 

Employment under 18 as messengers, between 10 p. m. and 6 a m for- 
bidden In cities over 20.000. 

Employment of boys under 12 and girls under IG to rcH newspapers for- 
bidden In cities ovej* 20,000. , 

Employment of boys under 14 and girls »uder IB to black boots or sell mer- 
chnndlse forbidden In cities ove/ 20.000. 

Boys under 16 must have permit (badge) to sell pai>er8. magazines, etc 
In cities over 20.000. ^ 

Xo newspapers, etc., to be sold after 8 p. m. or before 6 n. S 
, No cMM under 10 shall be employed without employment certificate. Em- 
pJoyer.flBall post lists. Certificate to bo addressed to n particular employer 
only.' and must be returned at the end of employment; a new oertlficateunav 
^ Issued on application (>rtiflcnte» Issued by Maryland burenu 
tlsUcs and Information. In Baltimore: by the county superintendent of' schools 
or person designated by him In counties. , • 

Ccrtincites lasued only on application of pnrent or giiafmiiLbtsirtilld 
General certificates good all the year round require; 

1. School recor^from school 8ui>erlntondont or teacher ^ 

,2. Physician’s certificate of health and ability to pursue the work the child 
intends to do. 
a Proof of age. 

The child must nppMr In person and .the officer rnnklnR me examination 
must certify that the child can r ead lat elllgentlv and write legibly 
. Employment certificate good ofilinn vacaUon requires; . 

1. Proof of age. 

2. Physlcinn’s certlfl^te of ability, etc. : on forms prescribed by tlic Marv- 

' land bnrean of stntlstrcs and Information/ • ^ 

If a certificate )s i^sed. the proper school superlntendont shall be notl- 
fl^. The school recorTKehnIl show that child has attended for the period 
prescribed by la% Is able RS rend and write, and has conmlotcd at least five 
school years. ^ 

' Certlflcates shall be shown to inspectors on demand. Inspectors have the 
right of entry, etc. / ^ 

Msrybind bureau of stntlsUce and Information shall en»ploy eight (Inmead 
of six) inwctors, at $900 each, and expenses. i ^ m i tinmenu 

Appropriating fl2,000 per annum (Instead of fS.OOOV. ‘ 

4T . TSl, Apr. 11, 1912. 

Maryland: prohibiting the employi^t by telegraph, telep^ne. or messenger 
oompaidesas messenger of any person under l4 years of age; prohibiting the 
employment of boys under Ifl years of sge between 8 p. m. and 8 a. m. by said 
eompanles: prohibiting the' calling for messages at or delivery of mef»nges to 
any bonos of lU ropufe by any minor In the employ of the said compnnies. 

Cb. 587, p^ee. Apr. 8, 1910. 






SCHOOL POPULATION AND ATTENDANOB, 


176 


Mairland: Amending the law relating to health hours of labor of children. 

Employing children under 16 at labor for more than ten honra n day In any 
factory In the 'State or In the mercantile business In the city of Baltimore 
shall be Runieluible by a fine of not less than $100, one-half of which shall be 
paid to the' State bureau of statistics and Informnllon. whose duty It ahall be 
to enforce the law. • Ch. G07, Apr. 11, 1910, p. 91. 

Ma^sacliusctts: Resolutions relative to the employment of child labor. 

Retiuesting the Congress of the UnUed States to enact national and uniform 
laws regulating the employmeDt of children. 

Page 881, adopted Apr. 6 and 7, 1910. 

Massachusetts: An act relative to the forging of birth certlfleates. 

Provides a penalty for forging birth certiflcutea for the purpose of frtftidu-* 
lently obtaining the school certificate necessary to permit the emplojTnent of 
a mluoy under 16 years of age. Ch. 249, Mar. 18, 1910. 

Massachusetts: An act to provide for medicar Inspectlou of working chlldreiP 
between the ages of 14 rfnd 16. 

Any school certificate Issued under the chlld-lahoj law to a child betWhen 
14 and 16 years of age muHt bear o physician’s certificate stating that the 
child Is physically able to do the wo»'k he or she Intends to do. School 
physicians are naslgned to the duty of making the exaniinailons and furnish- 
ing the certificates. Ch. 2f>7, Mar. 19, 1910. (Aug. 1, 1010.) 

Massachusetts: An act relative to the employment In dangerous trades of 
minors under the age of 18. ... ' 

If the State board of health shall determine upon Investigation that any 
trade or occupation Is sufllclently injurious to the bealth of miuors under 18 
to justify the exclusion of such mlnors froni said trade or occupation, such 
employment of such minors shall be unlawful and punishable by fine. [This 
exclusion previously referred to the manufacture of acids only.] 

* • . Ch. 404, Apr. 16, 1010. 

Massachusetts: An act relative to the llceasing of miilbrs to engage In certain 

, occupations In cities. 

Provides a penalty to be Inflicted uiwii any person who ha.vlng a minor under 
his control knowingly permits such minor to violate the regulations of any 
city or town relative to the exercise of the trade of boolblacking by minors 
and to the sale by minors of certain merchandise; also provides a penalty for 
employing a minor In violation pf such regulations and for knowingly fur- 
nishing or selling goods to an unlicensed minor who Intends to sell such goods 
In violation of the law. . ch. 419, Apr. 21,‘'l910. 

Massachiisefi^ Relating to the employment of certain minors In fnctoiies, 
workshops, ^nd mercantile establishments. 

Section 1. No Illiterate minor between the oge of 16. and 21 years shall be 
employed In a* factory, workshop, mechanical or mercantile establishment 
unless hi's employer procures and keeps oh file, accessible to the truant otBcers 
of the city or town and to the district police and Inspectors of factories and 
public, buildings, a certificate showing that such minor Is 16 yiftrs of age or 
over. Said certlfloite shall give the place and date of birth of such mioor- 
and his personal description. The printed form of the certffleate shall be 
provided by the chief of the district police and' shall be appro^ild by the attor- 
ney general. ' Ch. 310, Apr. 20, 1011. 

MassachukctU: Relating to the employment of children and women In certain 
wort^ops connected with mercantile esfabltshmenta. 

fixes hours of employment at 48 per week, , Ch, 81S, Apr, 20. 1911, 

MM^^bn<ietU: Sc^h ahnll be provided for womeb And children emph»yed In 
manufacturing, mechanical, and mercantile establlBbincnta. 

, ^ * ’ Ch. OC. If"eb. 14, 1912. 


176 


/ 


EDUOATIOHAL LBGIBLATION AND DBGI6I0N8. 


Bfusachasetts: Illiterate mtaors may not be employed unless atteftdlog a ^ 
. day or an' evening scliool.’ (Kemoves ambiguity of expression.) 

Ch. 191, Mar. 2, 1912. 

Massachusetts: Establishing nAnlmum wage committee to fix mlnimuiu wage 
of women ^nd minors. ch. 706, June 4, 1912. 

Mississippi: Regulating employment of children. 

No girl under 14 or boy under 12 shall be employed In any mill, ^tory 
manufacturing establishment, or cannery. No boy under 16 or girl under 18 
shall be employed more than 8 hours per day, 48 hours per w^ek. or between 
I p. m. and 6 a. m. 

children under 16 must require a certificate or affidavit of 
county health otficers shall wisit establishments employing 
reqS^^ The-managers of suoti establlshmeuyB shall furnish information 

Does not, apply to fruit canneries., Ch, 165. Mar. 16, 1912; 

. New Hampshire: Regulating the employment of children. * 

the age of 12 stfnil be employed or permitted or 
^ sraered to work In, about, or In connection with any mill, factory, work- 
shop,\.aaarry, mercantile establishment, tenement house, manufactory or 
workshop, store, business office, telegraph or telephone office, restaurant 
apartment house, Ixwtblack stand or parlor or in 
transmission of m^rchaiKlleq;^or messiiges; m>r shall any 
child under age of 14 he employed or permitted or suffered to work i^ 
^ Z aforesaid while the public schools are In session In the district iff ' 

wnicn he resides. 

Sec 2. No child under the age of 16 shall be employed or permlttc<l 
‘ ?n establishment named In section 1 during the time 

In which the public schools are In •session ln..the district In which he resides 
unleM he can read undersUndlngly and write legibly simple sentences In th</ 
language; pr^ded, however, that it any child shall have re ,ch^ 
.T ‘ ‘“tnP'led au English-taught school regularlvXr 

' ^ deemed by the superlntende^of 

^I’nols (oT^ “ll'Sr, authorized -to grpnt employment certificates Ao be 

mentally lpcai)ift)re ofiMmIng to read Slid write legibly the EugllSi wQiiaw 
nnhH ^I'nnl^ the Case may be referred to the State superIntoMent of 

public Instruction who, after Investigation either by hfmself or by ms aswit 
*"”k “ P®™** aaithorlzlng the employment of such child ^en though 

L":i‘.S‘’,n"£'3„SE'UU1? .M ‘.ts 

““‘*®'’ “*® dgelTw^s employ^, Vud^ay 
^ulre theyllKbarge of any child or children found elpployed therein who 
physical condition, or Insanitary conditions df em^ymen . or of 
development below, the normal developmeat of children of that age' can uot 
In ^Ir judg^nt continue to be employed without uudue risk to health ' 

S^ 4, No boy under.--l0 and no girl, under 16 years of age shall sell exDose 
“>® mngazSea. periodicals, or other mSnSw Trl 

any or publfc place, No child shall work as a bootblacMu XXs^eet 
dr public place unless he is over 10 years of age « any street 

8*0. R No Iverson under the age of 18 years shall be employed or permitted 
telegraph, telephone, or meLen^r coSy ^ 
t y% dlsU'lbntlon, transmission, •or delivery of goods or messages before “i ^ 
***^^a**i?*k“‘’™*S*' 10 o’clock In the evening of any day 

“*® te years, and no girl under the age of 18 
yeats, shall be employed, or permitted or siiflferetl to work, at any Lhif ii 
pupation, olber than ^itinestlc service -or work on a farm more tSan 58 
hours In any one week, nor more than ll hours In any one day : "or^Xe the 
? o-clook lu the inomliig, nor after the boor of T o'clock In 
toe evenltfg, exc^t toat minors 16 years of. age. or ever may wdrk In retail 
stprM and telephone exchanges until 10 o’clock In the eveuIngV 
■ j ' 1 . - '“”4jP»der 16 years of age shall be empioyed^r permitted or 
milled to workup about, or l^^nnectlon with, any pla^ or establlelunent 








SCHOOL POPTJLATtON AND ATTENDANCE. 


m 


/ 


named In section 1 unless the person, firm, or corporationr emplojinK such 
child procures and keeps on file and accessible to any truant officer or other 
authorl;^ inspector an employment certificate as hereinafter prescribed. 

Src. sr On the ternainatio^ of the employment of a child whose employment 
certificate Is on file, such certificate shall be kept by the employer and sur- 
rendered to any authorized Inspector on demand. 

Sec. 9. An employment certificate shall be issued only {fy the superintendent 
of schools, or where there is no superintendent, by a person authorized by 
the school board, provided, however, that no i>erson mithorized ah aforewikl 
/ihall have authority to Issue such certificate for any chiW then in' or about 
to enter such i>erson’s own employment, or the employmenf of a firm or cor- 
poration of which he Is a member, officer, or empioyee ; In the city of Man- 
chester the provisions of chapter 206 of the session laws of 1905 shall remain 
In tprce, but the person appointed^ under such provisions shall be subject to 
the terms of this act. 

Sec. 10. The person authorized to Issue aai employment certificate shall not 
issue suc^certlficnte until he has received, examined, approved, and filed the 
following papers duly executed : ^ 

fl)/The school record of such child. proi>erIy filled out tnui signed ns pro- 
vid^ln this act. (2) A passport or duly attested transorii»t pf the certificate 
o^lrth or baptism or publjc record showing tlie date aud place of birth of 
ich child. (3) A certificate from a medical officer of th% h>o:iI board of 
"lienlth, or -from a physician designated by the school board, certifying that tlie 
child has reached the normal development of a child of his age. and that, ha 
Is in sufficiently sound health and physically able to perform the work whlsh 
he intends to do. i 

' ' Skc. 11. No employment certificate shall be Issued until the child In ques- 

tion has personally appeared before and been extiutlued by tlie i)ersou Issuing 
the certificate. , 

Sec. 12. Every such employment certificate shall state the name, sex, and 
date and place of birth of the.chlld : shall dc^scrlbe the color of hair and eyes, 
the height and weight, and any distinguishing facial marks of such child: 
that all pai)ers^re<iuired by the preceding sections have b^n duly examined, 
approved, and filed; that' the child named in the certificate has api>eared 

* before the person signing the same and been examined ; -and that such child 
' ' has been found to be able to rend understaudingly and. write log hly simple 
» I sentences In the .English language. Every such certificate shall l>e signed. In 

the presence of the person issuing the suuic. by the child In whose name 
lie is Issueil, and shall show the date of Us issue. 

• S ec. 13. TLe school record required by this act shall be signed by the 
iB^cipt^ or chief executive officer of the school which the child has attended* 

shall be furnished on demand to a child enOtled thereto. Such record 
shn^l certify that the child has regularly nttcndetl the public schools, or 
pri\tite schools lawfully approved as such, for pot less than 300 half days, 
as shown by the school. register, (\urlng the year previous to h(s arriving at 
the age of 14, or during the year previous to nppl.vlng for such school record, 
and^'Shit he is able to read understandlngly and write legibly simple sen- 
tetices lu the English language. Such school record shall also give the date 
pirth anti residence of the child, as shown on the records of the Bchool, 
ahd^e name of his parent, gnhfdlan, or custodian. 

^ 14. The s»q>orintt;udent of schpols or other person authorized to issue 

empioj'ment cortlflcates shall a record of the same tq n book. Such 
r recofd slinll contain n list of the. names of all children to whom certificates 
are gront^, numbered consecutively, together with the date of Issue and the 
signature of the officer iHSuipg the certificate, and such' books shall be care- 
fully preMrved. 

V Sec. 16; All blank forms for records used In the enforcement and admln- 
.^tration of this act shall be nniform throughout the State, shall be prescribed 
^ fhe superintendent of public instruction, and sbhll be furnished by the 
restate, and methods of keeping the same shall be approved by him as being 
within the contemplation of this act. *• . 

Seo. 16. The truant o^cer of each school district shall visit, Inspect, and 
cause to be eh^orced the provistohs of this act In bis district and for thli 
purpose shall have power to servO' warrants. 

Sec. 17. ThesnpertnteuaPbtof public ipstructlon sballAPPolnt not exc^tng 
thrM State inspectors, who shall be paid their pecemry e^pgpBes and such 

10684*— 18>r — ^13;.^ . ■ . 


.178 


\ 

EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION AND DECISIONS. 


compensation as Uio poveruor and council shall detenninc, not oXcocillng 
$l.*JO0 iior annum each, and wlu) sitall devote their wliole time to their work,' 

* Tlie sraie insiKH-lors, under the direction of the, superlntomleut of pithlic 
'■ ■instruction, shall insi)CN-t ali factories, niul other places of emidoyinout within 
the roiiieiiiplation of this .act 'and all records and methods of enfoilomeut. 
They shall have the same p'o\^r as to ent’orcemoiU and the serving of war- 
nints ns the several truant otlicers. . The superlntemleiit of public iiistruotiou. 
witlT tlie approval of the attorney general, uiay oinploy*counscl and iirovide 
legal assi'itanoe whenever Uie same may, in his oidjilon, ho necessary for the 
enforconioiit of the provisions of this net. and the cost thereof slialT be a 
cliarge uikjii the ai>proinaation hereinafter providcsl. 

• SIX’. IS. 'Phe supcriaicndont of public instruction shall frequently rciKjrt to 
^ thcTchainnan of the several school boards the relative eificieney of the several 
^ truant oflit'ors. The governor, with the advice and couseat of the council, may 
require scliool boards to apiioint additional truant otlicers if in their judgment 
such -addifional otlicers are poccssary. The governor, with the advice and 
consent ofthe council, may require the school board'of any school district to ’ 
reniovcy any truant ofhccr found by tliom to be Incompetent aud to .appoint a 
emnpet^u successor, and upon the failure or uegloct of the school board to do 
so tlu\v may aiiiioint such truant (illiccr and tlx his coinp<‘nsatictu, and such 
couipciusHion shall he J)aid by the district. • „ 

Six. lU. An inspheU)!' or truant oflicor shall mnUo demand ui>oJi any cntflloycf 
In in- about whose )ilace or cstablishnient a child apparently .under, the age of 
I(> years Is employed or pcruiittcNl or suffered- fo work, and whoso.. onipldymenl 
cenira-atc is not lilotl as required by this act, that such ot?ri>Joybr shall eitbor 
1‘urnish him within 10 dajs Satisfilctory evidence that such child Is in fact 
over l(j years of .'ige. or sliall cense to employ or i>ermit or sufTor 3 ucli child to 
* ‘ work in such place or xsiahlishmcnt. The inspector §hali reiinlre fnun such 

employer the ?nmc evidence of a.gc of such child as Is required in the is-suayce 
of tm cniployDicnt cortifioate. nud the employer furnisliinit. stick cvidoiico sliall 
not he roiiuired to funii«h any fih-Lhei* evidence of the nge of tHe child.* 

Sko. 120. \V.hoevcr employs any child, npd whoever Wiving undQr hij^oonU'Cl 
ns parent’. guardian, or otherwise ai^ child, permits or sutTers such child to 
he employed *or to work in violation of any of the pimvislons <)f this act >I)all 
he fined not less than nor more than .|20p, or be Inipri.sdnod for not less than 
10 nor more tlutii 30 days, or both, in tlio'^sci^ctioii of the court. ^ 

Skc. 21. Whoever tonU,uuos to employ tfiy child In viola t inn of any of UtQ 
proxislons of this act. afler being notilied ihcroof by an Inspector or trnani^ 
ofli' cr, shall for o\ory day ihcreafter that such employment continues be tiued* 
not Ics.s than $5 nor uiore than. $20, * 

Src. 22. Any t>erson aulliorizeil to sign any cert! flea te or paper cajlctl for by 
this act who dortifics to any materially false statement therein shall be -fliitNl 
' not less ihaii nor mote than $200. or beimi»risouod for not Icfes than 5 nor 
lunio lUIin 30 days. <^r bnlli, In ilur disetcUon of the court. 

*S):c. 23. bV*un employer to jiroduce any cinph>ymeu^cci,tinoiitc 

X requlretl by this act shall be lu ium facie evidence of the'illogal'cm||bymeut of 
any child whose employment certificate Is not produced.** - 

Si:u. 21. Any suiicrlntcndent of schools or other person iksaUi^Mnploymcnt 
ccrtldcates who fails to comply with tfco provisloug pt this act eUall he lined 
not Icsii tlinn $o nor more than $25. 

'Src. 25. The sum of $C,500 nniumily Is appropriated for the -purpose of 
this act. - . * • . • ♦ V * . 


Skc. 2G. Xlda het shall take qf^fct ui>oa passstge’tmd nil acts or parts of 
\ itct.s luctftislPtont with thfs act hereby ret)ca led;. Ch, 102, Apr. 16, 1911. 

**xVew .Tei-soy: An* act to.^uuieml on not reflating, the nge, omployinent, safoty, 
.' health, utnl wqi’k hours of iicr.sons, employ cos, and opera tivbs.'iu factories, 


workshops, mills, and nil pluccH where Mlo munufacturo of goods of any kind 
"is cnt^Kid on. ptc„ a]t)prov^ M|r. 24, 1004) * * 

Ko minor under 10 Hlmll be employed or allowed to work In sncli a place 
more than 10 hour! h day -or 55 hours hi a week; aud bct\vcen July 4, ICIT), 
uud.'July 4^, 1011, no mtnor piidcr 15 sbnlAe omployod or allowed to wdrk tn 
siicii a phu.'e between 0 p; in, and 0 a. m. -After July 4, 1011» no minor under 
A 10 sbaU#Uc so ouiptoycd.^«PemUty for vlolfl(tloiLi$to for mich offeuse. < . 

. ’ X ♦ ^ ^ t CUtSTti Apr. 12,1W0. . 




'*;T, 






r 


SCHOOL POPULATION^' AND ATTENDANCE. 


179 


Now Jersey:- Nepilatlpg the employment of^>erson3 ns messtMigers for the 
distribution, transmission, orxloHvery of goods, messages, or the QerforuiaDce 
of oibor service, . 

^ “ l. 'No person under the nge of 21 years In cities of the first class, nnd no • 

person under the age of 18 years in other municipalities, shall be eiujiloyed 
or permitted to work os a messenger fqf* or by any telegraph, telephone, or 
messenger corporation, firm, or person owning, engaged In, or operating the 
business of distributing, transmitting, or delivering goods or messiigos or in 
llie perfornaance of other service, before 5 o’clock in the ntorning or after 10 
o’clock iu the evening of any day: Provided, That the connulssioncr of labor 
shall have the power to grant permits under extraordinary circumstances for 
the delivery of telegrams or telephone messages b'htweeu the hours of 10 
' p. Di, nnd 5 a. m.* 

y 2, Any such corporatlpn, firm, or person engaged In or operating the busi- 
ness of dlfitributlng, transmitting, or delivering goods or mc'^sagrs as nfore- 
s:ild, who shall violate nny of the provisions of this act, slinO be liable to a 
♦ penalty of $100 for each offense, to bo sued for In an’ action of debt, for the 
use of.lhe Statens hereinafter provided. Any re[tetltion or roix^Itions thereof 
shall each constitute a separate on’enso.” Ch, May 2, Ibll. 

\ew Jersey: Kcgulntlng the age, employment, safety, health, and work hours 
of iforsons, employees nnd ojHiratlves In mercantile cstahli-shmonts, 

‘*1. No child under the age of 14 years shall bo cmploj^cd, allowed, or 
pcrmittcHl to^work In nay mercantile establishment during any of tlie hours 
in widcli the public^ schools are 4n session In the district in which s\ich child 
resides; any corporation, firm,- or Ipdlvidual who shall employ,^ allow, or ' 
permit to work In any- merc^iutlle establishment any child nnder tiie age of 
14 yours during ’the time prohibited by this seQflon shall Incur a peualty 
of $50. ' ■ . 

'*2, No child under Uie age of 16 years shall be employed, allowed, or 
permitted to work in or In connection with any mercantile cstablbsliment 
more than 5S hears nny one week or before 7 o'clock In tlie nnnniiig’or 
after 7 o’clock in 'the evening of any day (excepting one day in ilie week, 
yvheu such minors may be ^>o^mittefl to work until 9 o'clock In the evening), ' 
'The provisions of this section fthali not apply to the employ men t of such 
minors botwocu the 15th day and the 25th* day of Decomhor. Inclusive,' wlien 
such minors may be i>ermlttod to work untlf 10 o’clock in Ur evening; any 
cori>onitlon, firm, or Individual who shiiU Inviolate any of the provisions of 
this section shall be liable to n penalty of $50. * , 

. , ”3. It shall be tlio duty of the commissioner of labor, the as.slstaut com- 

‘ndssioncr. or. the Inspectors of the dcparlment of lubor, or tniant. otliccrs or 
Ollier person cnipowere<l by law to compel the attendance^ of 'chiUlren at 
school and tlu*y slmll have power to luvestlgute niul InsitecL all mercindilo ■ 
establishments coming under the Intent and provisions of this act. * . 

”4. A c6rporntlon„ firm, .or person, ownlug or operating a place or jdacos 
coming under the provisions of this act and employing, allowing, or i>er-f 
mittipg children actually' or apparently under 10 years of age to work ’therein 
hUM keep or cause to he kept In the njaln ottico of such place In the towu 
or city^tiu Which such place Is. locatml register nr record in which shall lie 
recorded Iho name, place. of residence, (iiul time of employmoiit df nli snWi 
mihor.i employed therein, together \yltb ajranserlpt of ^he record of birlli of 
*. sncli minors dtily attested by an officer having by Jaw the anlhorlty to kceji 
,* records of birth In the State, couilty, or cUy lit which such chi Jd was horn; 

If no suoh birth ceftlllcato cuii be obtained and the child was haptixiHl tlum a 
certified copy of tbo baptismal record of the church or parish In wUUh such 
bM^lsui took place,* duly certified oa. & true copy ftndcr the hand of the 
, person having the custody of 8\ich church or pnrlJh records, which shall 
set forth the nge of the cUild at the time o( baptl^V, In Uio cuhc of foroigti-, ^ 
born chlldt^ the same transcript of the record of thebif th or byiitlstnal ccr- 
UQcate shall be%e<iuircd ns Is required of a nntiveKbofn child Wi addition to . 
^ the passport Under which such cblUl was admitted to this Mimtry or a true 
r copy of the ^me.' The cfflmulssloacr of l$hor shall .Imvc power to Issue per- 
imlts of employment to chlldr^ upoii the prq$tuctlpn of evidence of the thlld's , 
u' 7 bho satisfactory to.fho cunUulfl^obcrpi’rootcfe^ That he: satis* j 

V to h . 







150' EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION A^D DECISIONS. 

or :f liaplisual ccM’iiiicaic as above provided; such re;:isters. oeptifuMtes, and 
trauserii):.s sluill be* prudnceil l‘or iiispoctiou ui)on d(*niaml of llie coiuiuissiouor. 
ajisistant, or any of the inspectors, or any truant t^cer or other person cm* 
'powered tiy law to’euinite] the attoudanco of children at school; any coi*i>o* 
rut ion, linn, or person fa ill a;; to keep suoh retfislcrs or refusinp to penult 
the porsoiis herein aiuhori/cil to inspect the same or the certilicates, tran- 
scripts. ami passports shall be liable to a i>enalty of $00 fo^ach offense. 

■'5. Anyone who shall swear falsely lo nuy adidavit or^eseiit any ecr- 
tUicate i>r passport which he or she knows to be false, and any pet son or 
persons who shall aid.aissist. or advise the makiii;; of a false allidavit or the 
obtain in;: of a false ceriiiiiaie lU’ pass] tort, sliail be liable lu a penalty *ff $"'0 
for eaeh offense. 

'-‘•G. The coimiiissioncr of hibor, Ins assistanty^dr tiny Inspector, .or truknt 
oflU’or, or other Iverson cmiHiweiod by law to epniiii^Lth^ attendance of cidi- 
dri*n at school, is hereby etnpuwcrcd to enter Inio^id itisi^cct at any reason- 
able time and wiUioiu mniee or rerpiest for permission ull inercautile estab- 
lishments eoiiiin^ under ilie provisions of this act. and to demand of any 
parent, custodian, or .ceardiaii jiroof of the :i;;c of a rhild sati,sfachiry to the 
(•(iiinnissioaer. and surli*parcnt. pareuls, custodian, or. j:uardi:ins shall witiiin 
live days after sueli deinaiid Is made furnish to sucli otlicer proof of such 
. cliild’s ape; and in the event of the failure to procure and furnish such proof 
of a^o, such child shall be diS(. h;u;:oil by his" or her employer upon notice in 
wriiiiijr, sii^ii.d by Ihe cuinmi^^iuner. and Shall not be employed mutl siieli 
proof of a^o shall have been, furnished to the comniissioncr. 

”7. The openiu;:s of all liui'^tways, hatchways, elevators, and wellholes 
upMi e\ery lk)or of any pl;ue nituiii;; under the provisions of this act shall 
be jirotvcied by yoml :imi suUicieiit trapdoors or self-elosini; Imteiies' and 
s;ifeiy c.atches, or's;trnm; uuard’r.ails at le.ist 3 feet hi^di. and shall be kept 
elo'^eil and protected at all times, except wheu in nenml use by the occupant of 
the luiiMiiur bavin;; the use and control of the same. 

S. 'Hie owner. .n;rcnt. or !i -ser of a place comin;; mulei* the provisions of 
this act. or oaipioyer, shall provide in eacli^ mercantile establishment proyicr 
ynd suilicient mc.ans of vennlaiiou; in case of failure the cdnunissionei’ shall 
order sm-li veiuilai i.«n P* be pm^idiMl; such owner, a^'out, lessee, or eniiiloyer 
shall pnoido .siudi voiiiihuiou uilhin LH) days after llio semdee upon him of 
such order In writing'. :md in case of failure shall be liable to a fine of $10 
for e:n*h day after the exiu ration Of the time given hy sueJ) order to make the 



cliangia ' 

'*0. Every' mercantile c^tahUshiuent ^kQll contain sulUciont, Tsuitablc, con- 
\;cnioMt. ,n nit' separate water-closets for each sox, which shall be properly 
scrt'cncd. venPiaii-tl, and Ucid clean; and also, if erilcrotl hy the iNiimnis- 
siirtier of lah'ii*. a sTiitahle and c onvenient wnNhr(.x>ni : the water closets' used 
by wofneii shall h;i\’e seonruie approaches; if women or girls are employed. 
,*i*dn'ssing room shall ho lu'ovided for them when ordered by tlie coimuissioner. 

'• p). An abstraoi of iliis law shall lu; (ffepart'd and fiirnislied u]hiii riMpiest 
■hv the connidssit.ner lo every corporation, linn, or person in this State who 
is atTi'^^od ihcn-hy. «ml every such eorpovatlon, firm, or iH»rson to whom a 
i <,py bf .stirli ahsiract is sold nrjleUvored sliall (Hill sm-li ahstrnct of this law 
ami keep it posttal in plain view, in such place thfl U, can be easily. :c;id by 
(he employotvs or .opcrdives in coining in or going out from said morcantile 

‘(‘staUlislimeiil. . • ’ ^ » , , , 

11. No person shall iiderfere with, delay, obstruct, -or hlpder, by forem or 
otherwise, tin; conuiii.'^sioner’. ilie as-iMaiii commissioner^ InsiKX'torH, or .truant 
ollicots widV m tlte i.erfonnam e of their duties, or refust.* to answer, in writ* 
in*' or otherwise, qtti'siious a.-^ked by such olliccrs relating tathe umtlers com- 
ing under the provisions o{ this act; no person shall ini|)orsonato an ulllcer 
oAhe department or forge h>s cerllllcule of nutUorlly. * 

• " 32. I'or the purpose of carrying Into effect Ihe pfovlfllons of soctloiw 7. 9. 
10 anil- 11 of this act the otmunlssioner fihall be atuPlie Is hereby autHorlxed 
to’nmke .such ordorsMn writing for the protgcUim nnil wi^tty of employet‘H 
and operallves and Uic cufturement of thta act, 'lu places coming under the 
provisions of lids net. ns in his Judgment siudl seem n^ssury- to carry Into 
cfftHt tho proWfiions of such socUo^ia; such order shall Tfc lu writing. Blgnea 
hy Iho cominli^ioner, and Khali HKH.dfy whuj shall be’ iieceHKjgy to* be. done 
and within what time; any cufporatiou, firm* or iwrson vlolatiijg any of the 
provIsiotiH of swtioiu 7, Ih Ip, and .11 shall, for each offouse, be liable to g 




SCTTOOr-POPUT-ATION AND ATTKNDANO?. 


181 


All iii'tK-mlintjs broiiplit under the provisjoriii of this net shnU bo by 
flctitm of debt, U\ the name of the couiuiissioner, to l»c itisUtutoil in :iiy dis* 
trUt eonrt of a t’ity, recorder’s court of cities, or Itoforo ;iny justice cf the 
pejice liavlng due Jurisdiction, uml the Urst process shall he by sumnu^iis 
.Lelurunble in not loss than 5 nor more than 10 days, wliicb ijrocess shall be 
st'i'voil on the owner or owners, iierson or persons, or any of them, owning 
the place or operntiug the business wherein the oXICKed violation of law has 
taken [tldco: If such owner or owners, person or porsuns, reside in the comity 
where tlie ofP?tuse was conmiittcd, or if -the owner or owners, person or i>er- 
soils, as nforesaiil. do not S4> reside in Uic comity where the offense. was coui- 
iiiitliNl, then said rn'occss shall he served ou the superintendent, foronutii, or 
pei sdii in charge of the business or jilace; Service upon a cori)ovatiou shall bt' 
made upon the presideut, vl« president, secvetiiry, or any director, and if 
none of them reside in the county where the offense was committed, thou 
S(M vice may be made upoa the superintendent* foreman, or person In charge 
of the business or nlaco; in case the owner or owners of a bi^ldiiiL^ resitio 
without the limits of the county, then service 'of the process may he made 
upon th6 agent in charge of siiid building, but if there ho no such agent, tlien 
Service of the process may be made by atlixing a enny tliort'of to llie main 
miter door of such building at least 10 days before the return day Vbereof; 
all ]»rocec‘dings thereafter shnll be the same as in au action of debt In said 
court; the finding of t^e court sludl be that the dofendnnt has or has laU. as 
the ease may be, incumHl the penally claimed in ll.c ileinaiid nf iho id liiitilT, 
and judgmeut shall be given uceordingly; in case an execution slmll i.^sec and 
*1)0 rcturnetl un.satisficd, the court, on appUcatioii. after notice to the defriulaiu. 
may award an execution to take the body of tlit» (lofiMidant. if an ituii\ idna 1. 
and in lase sucli a deftaidant is coinuiitted under such an oxc‘CUliou be sh.ill 
not 1)0 discharged under the Hnsolvent laws of the State, but shall otilv be 
disidiarged by the court making the order for the body execution, one or ^Inu i* 
uf tlie Justices of the supreme court, when such court or Justice shall bo 
satisfied tliat- fnrtUcr continouient wilKnot result in the payment of tile 
jiidgineiU and costs; at) moneys collected under the pntvisioiis of this act 
shall 1)0 paid Into llio treasury of ilio State of New Jersey. 

’■ 1-t. Nothing heroin cohtained shall he construed tn rcjical In \f4ioh* nr in 
part the act entitled *An net icg\iiating the age, cuiployiuctit, safety, hcaltli.* 
and work hours of persons, employees, and operatives In factories, workshops. 
niHls, and nil phices where the manufacture of goods of any kind is tmiricNl on 
11 ml to the cstabllsluiiout of a depnrtmcut for tlie oiiforcouioni thereof.’ ap- 
piovfHl March 24, 1004, or the nmeudnicnt thereof and supplonionts thereto, 
but the provlsion^of this act shall be hold to he In addition lliorolo. 

, “ir». 'Mercantile ostiiblisliiueiUs ' ns used In this act shall he construed to 
apjily to any omployiiiont of labor other than a factory, workshoi). mill, or 
other place where tlio iniinnfnctiirc of j^oods of any kind is carried on. 

“Tills act shall take ctToct Ininiediately.” Cli. 130, Apr. 7. 1911. 

New York: Aiueiidlng the etlucaUoi! law. ^ \ i 

Soi lion G30 more sp^fncnlly designates the oniccl*s by /^v bom employment 
cortilh*aics arc to Jjo is.siiod. . Ch. 140. Apr. 22. lOK). 

' \ V 

New York: Amending the labor law relative to hourp of labor of tnesscljccrs. 

In cilies of the first or Rt^colul clns.s no i>erson nm\pr the' age of 21 ycnira 
snidl 1)0 employed or i)cnnlUed to work as a ines>KMig^r for a telegraph or 
tiiessonger company In lli6 distribution, tmnsnils»slon, or delivery of gootls or 
messjiges before 5 O'C^k In. the moFnIng or after 10 o’clock hi the evening of 
any day. ' ^ Ch. 342, May 21, 19J0. (Oct. 1, IIHO.) 

Now York: ^AmendlUK tbednbor law roliitivc to hours of labor of, minors. 

No child under 10 shall be employed In hny bowling alley, Jn the distribtt- 
talu of nrtlclea, or In tlio dlslrlilttloit or Halo of nrtloU^ or as inoHHeiigor, 
usher, or checker in iflaccs of umusciucnt more than 54 hourft in t^y one week 
or more than 9 bdura in any ouc day, or hetweon 7 p. m. and S a. m 

• Ch. 3S7, June 0, IQlO. (Oct. 1. lOia). 

New York: Amondlug the labor law relative to ensploymeut of wositen and 

’ chlldven. J ‘ * ' 


182 


KDUCATIOKAL I-KGISLATION AND DECISIONS. 


"Nnti-iiiM niuUT'ir» he i-iuployod in oi'crnlia^ or assisting: in oiK^rating 

;it,v .•!* i!i.‘ f.iM.-wiiiL: inarliim-s: • ♦ drill livt-ssos; inotni or liaper cni- 

lip'*' in;;- l;!iu- ^ mtiu r str.iii);.'' iioicliinfs in p:i|)or-liu\ f.iolorlos. 

Cli. 107, Apr. 10. 1010. (OcL. 1, 1910.) 

Xcw York; In cnoiy i^aso koforc an einploymcnt ccrtiOcate Is Issneil tho physi- 
cal fitnc.'^s of tlto cliild applying. for same shall be dotormiuod by a luodical 
oiliocr of tho doijartnioiit or board of health. IteiK)rt shall bo in:Ldc df the 
same luoiillily to lh(* cvmn\is>louer of labor. Ch. 333, Apr. lo, 1912. 

Xcw* York: Ro-nl:Uin- tlio hours of labor in fnclorios. • ^ ^ 

Male iimbn- 1^. maximam 5-1 (was GO) hovirs per week; 9 (was 10) hours 
per day. Not bclweeu 12 midnight imd 4 u. m. ; not more- than six days per 

'^^Yncilc under 21, not* heforc-6 a. ni. or after 9 p. ra. Not. more than six 
days .51 li'iur.s fw:i< GO) pc/ week, or 9 hours (wais 10) per day. 

Mlmirs pri- day b>r males itl to IS and females over 10 may be rearranged 
to priMiile Tor ji ba!f boliilay. clc.. but imixiimmi hoursj)cr week must be 

obserw'd. ^ 

Caiiiili:;: Industry oxcc[»iod, June 15 to OctnluT 15 (1. o,, for minors IG 
and over). 1912. 

Xorth Dakota; SfC .1 (a). . ' ' ' 

Ohio; PiKing a fine of ?2r> to ?.'0 for oiu])loyliig a boy under IS years of ago 
as messonger heforc (1 a. la. or after 9 p. ra. in connection with any telephone, 
loU.'eraiih, or inessenger olT.cc or comf>:iny. 

Laws 1910, p. 240, S. B. No. 179, May IT. 1910. 

• i'cnnsylv.iiii.t (1010) ; Uiulor the Act tff Apr. 20. 1!¥)0, P^. 283. iclMting to 
tliO cpiiil"vmciit of ibilil liibor. siipeTliitciiUcut of the WfUmldplu.'i wuhiic 
schools ;s‘ iVriiiiroa to issoo ccrtllkMtes t« all minors resiUlng in tho cily 
wlu'Uicr they belong to tlic public school or Bit. 

.Minors rf sldlng out of tho Slate, who seek employment In PliilndClplua. 
sln.uhl if uimlilicil, be fiiniisbcJ with employment certmentos by the snper- 
Inlcmlwitof sdiools ot Philatlclphin.— Itequest of Snpt. of Piih. Inst., .Sclniclier 
for Opinion. Ilargcst, Asst. Atty. OoQ.. Jan. 31, 1910, Opinion, 37 P;i.. 15o. 

Rhoile Island: ^7h net in :iinonilnicut of chapter 78 of tlio General I,:iwa. oa- 
th led "Of I'nctoiy Inspection," etc. , 

Oiiiils fornici; iirnvision Hint rcstrletion ns to hours of work (8 p. m. to 
G ■! m ) for childroii imdm- 10 slnill not nuply to uieirnntlle cstnbhslmioiits 
on' ’S:iinrd:ivs or on the four (lays Imniedlatclv preceding Cbrlstmns. Adds 
■1 now elnn^o in lite "Age and cniptoymcnt ccrllllcatc "• to the effect that the 
'rliild named is aide to road at sight iiiid write legibly simple scntciie*cs in the 
I'li'dish lnte'un"e' Omits rcqiilreiuont of oath to certillcate of parent or 
eii u-di m ' rrovldes that In case of doubt atty factory Inspector shall In- 
\;.Mi MU''tlu> trnlh of smtcir.onts in any ccPtlHcatc and sluiK order the s:inl 
ecniiu-ilc e:uu'cled if ho,Hnds that U shoifld not have heou issued. When- 
ever any factory iiisi.oetor 1ms rc:isoi\,to doubt that any chlia employed la 
■ aiiY fariory. ete., has ronehod the ago of 1(1, he shall demand that siielt 
eidhl's eaiitlnycr pnahjcc within 10 days a cerjtllnite of iigo.fcont the aiilhorlty; 

• l,.-,ll'v (k-i-iiatrsl to Issue age and einploynient cerUncates, or cease to em- 
ntnv siirli *-hilfl. Ptiirnro oB tho part of the employer to do either. |f^lco!at<-‘J 
n iidsdcaaMnur. imabshable, etc. Ch. 083, Apr. I, 1910. (.Scyt. 1, 1010.) 

lUiodc isliiml: An act In amendment of chapter 78 of-tho General Laws, en- 
tllied "Of Knetory Inspoctlon," ete., 

’ Provides two additional In-siiootors (total flve] ; Increases appropriation 
for ilioir'c.vitcascs: provides for Inspection of l*n»'erjes confectioneries nnd 
Ice erenm mnnnfactorlos. etc. Ch.>570, Apr. 20. 1910. 

niiodfe Irhuid: !’nrl»ld(Jlng the employment of Jietjions under 21 years of ago 
its iiie»«aigor helweon 10 R. in. and 5 a. m. , .* ,Ch. 814, Apr. 20, 1012, 


SCHOOL POPULATION AND ATTENDANCE. 


183 


South Carolimi: Amending Act No. 18, 1903, relating to the emploj'nient of 
children.- 

I Provides that no child under the age of 10 (formerly 12) shall be employed 

between the hours of 8 p. m. ^nd 6 o. m., except to make up lost time In legal 
enjployment. Strikes out section 8 of the act of 1908*. permitting the employ- 
ment of children of widowed mo/thers or disabled fathers. Strike out sectlop 
0 of the act of 1903 providing that children who can read and write and who 
have attended school four months during the year may be employed. Amends 
provision as to certiQcate ol parent. . ' 

Act No. 18, Feb. 10, 1911. (Jon. 1. 1912.) 

South Carolina: Regulating the employment of children. 

In cities having a population of 6,000 or'over no child under 14 years of 
age shall be employed as messenger* and no minor under 18 shall be so epi- 
ployed between 10 p^ m. and 6 a. m. Enforced by the commissioner of agri- 
culture, conmierce, and industries. No. 405, *Feb. 20, 1912. 

'Tennessee: Regulating the employment of minor children. 

Section 1. It shall be unlawful for any proprietor, foreman, owner, or 
other person to employ, permit or suffer to work any child less than 14 
years of age in, about, or in connectlen with any mill, factoiiy, workshop, 
laundry, telegraph or telephone* office, or In the distribution or transmission ^ 
of merchandise or messages. 

Sec. 2. It shall be unlawful for any proprietor, forenmn, owner, or other 
person to etnidoy, permit, .or suffer to work any child under 14 years of iigt? 

• ill any business or service whatever which Interferes with the child’s ntteud- 
once at school, except in agricultural or domestic service, during any part 
of tlie term the public schools of the district In which the child •resides are 


in session. , , ^ 

Sec. 3. No child under the age of 16 years shall *be employed, permitted, 
or suffered to work In any of the following occupations or in any of the 
following positions; Repairing machine belts,^ while In motion, In any work- 
shop or factory, or assisting therein in any capacity whatever; adjusting any 
belt to any machinery; olllnj; or cleaning machinery or assisting therein; 
opcrnling or assisting In operating circular or band saws, wood shapers, wood 
Jointers, planers, saudFtu^)e^ or wood polishing machinery, picker machines, 
machines used iu picking wool, machines used in picking cotton, inaclalncs 
used m picking hair, machines used in picking any upholstering niaterini; 
paper-lading machines, leather-bumlshlng machines In any tannery or leader 
manufactory, job or cylinder printing presses operated by power other than 
foot power, emery or imllshlng wheels used for polisldug metal, woqhI turnt|ig 
or^ borliig nuicftnery, stamping ^machines used In sheet metal and^lnwa^ 
umnnfiu'turiug, ‘stamping lunchlnos In washer and nut factories, cornigatin)|[ 
roUs such as are used lu roonug and washboard factories; steam boilers, stenni ^ 
machifiery. or other steam-generating apparatus; dough brakes or cracker \ 
machinery of any description; wire or iron stmigUtenlng ranchlncry; rollmgr \ 
mill machinery, punches, or shears; washing, grinding, 'or mixing mills; enW 
cuder rOils fn rubber uinnufncturlug; laundering niachlucry; dipping, dry- 
4ug, or packing matches; or in mines or quarries. ' 

Src. 4. It shall be unlawful for any proprietor, foreman, owner, or other 
person to employ any child under 18 yiHtrs of age ns a messenger for a tele- 
graiiU or inesseugcr company \n Uie dlstrlbutioii, transmission, or delivery of 
good.s or messages before 5>ok:I^k In tbc morning or after 10 o’clock jq the 

evening of any day. n / ^ • 

Sec 5. It shall be unlawful for any proprietor, foreman, owner, or other 
person to employ, permit, or Buffer to work any child between the ages of 14 
Hiul 10 yours ln, about, op In connection with any place or cstaWlshmcnt 
•mimed In section 1, unless said proprietor, foromnn, owner, or other iH»rson 
keop on file and accessible to tly^shop and factory Inspector a wfrom statement 
nmde by the parent or guft^n ot any pcrSoiv noting ns guardian of such • 
child, sftttiDg forth the plficemd date Of birth of such child, and whoever shall ^ 
" ftuike faljw stutcuicnt os to the uge of such child In such sworn statement » 

• Ohnh bp-dwmed guilty ©rperjury. ' ^ , 

Skc. 6.’'WhdIlTe^<lIlil^bys any ^hlld and whoever having under his control as 
rmrent, guardlnur or otheTwlso any child, permits or suffers, such clilidrto Vo - 
wiploycd or -to work in viOliktloti of finy lof the provisluas of thU^qt shall Vo 
















184 


KDUCATIOXAl. UaHSI.ATION AND DECISIONS. 




0 



ul HI iiiiMl.'tiii'unni', :nul upon cuiiviutiyii shall ho liiioil not Iomi 
than uor inoro Llian in tim.4liscrcUoii of the court. 

c;h.07. .luly ljjyii. 

Vir; 4 iiiia:. Anion^iiii; act rc;:nhiliiig hours of labor lil mamifactiiriiig cstub 

^lisliuionts where fu;i!:ilos aud children under 14 are employed so as to einbruc« 
work‘;lioi>s and mcreauiile estaWishniontB. • 

T.Iniil.s such oinploymcnt to 10 houVs a day of 24 hours. 

Does not apply to — 

1. I^Mikkoepej's, stenf.grniiliers, cflsbiers. and odico as.sistants. * 

2. rnckors of fruils imd \o;:fiablerf between July 3 ami November 1. 

.Mereaiullc e-stabli.^lnuents in towns of »less than 2,000^ of In cennUry 

' districts. 

-1. Mcro.imilc esiabllslmionts on Saturday. Ch. 218, Mar. 14, 1U12. 

• 4* 

West Vii'i^inia: Aiuonding and reenacting sections 455, *150, 457, and 458 of 
tluyCN'de of West Virginia of 1000, relating to the employment of minors. 

* No Hi'M muler 14 years eif age may bo employed In any factory, mill. WuiL* 
sli.tp, or imiiiufiicturjug e.-^laMislnnonL., No such child may be oniiiloyed In 
any oecuiiation while the schools are in session witliout the pennisslnn of Hit* 
State frotiiiukssionor ofd.dmr or the eounty superiniciulont. 

No child inuicr 1C years of age uiaj* be eni ployed In a factory, mill ,or work' 
shoj) unless the einiduycr keeps on tile and accessible an employineui cerilti- 
cate for snMi ehihl, issued by the snporititciukMd of schools. Kino for 
tiem, not loss than 810^uor more tlum ^50 ‘for each otlenso. I'inos paid ititg 
Bcliool-liUiiding fatul of distrii t wherein oll'ensc is eouuuftted. * ' 

CU. 00, Keb.27,rjll. 

Wisconsin: Auiemliitg subsection 1 of section 1728C-1 of the Slatute.s, relating 
to (be labor of miitois 14 to 10 years o^age. ' Ch. OGO, July 14, 1011. 

Wisconsin: Amending subsections 1, 2, 3, aufl 4 of section lT2Sa. seetleii:* 
lT2Sa-b lT2S:i-2, 172Sh. lT2Sc. 172Sd. 172So. 1728f, 172Sg. 172sb. and -1T2M ; 
rep(*.)!ing snlidivisimis 5 and G of sections 172Sa and creating sections lT2ba-3, 
lT2Sa-4, lT2.'^'a-5, and ]728a-G of the Statutes relating to child labor. 

Amends the old law in Jiunu‘roius minor parlicnlars. 

Ch. 470, Juno 28, 1911. 

Wisconsin: "To create sections 1021b-l to 1021b-31. inclnslvo, of the Sint- 
utes creating an Industrial coinmission, transferring to such commission the 
powers and duties* of the coimiiissioner of labor and the biireitu of labor jitiJ 
imlustriar s^itistics. a^id supcrscnllng the Industrial accident board crcalcil 
by cliai'icr 50 of 4he laws of 1911 and granting such commission ccrlidu 
other powers iiud J>r0\ iding for w\fo and hygienic comllllons and making au 
nppropriatlun therefor; and ropeallrtg subsection 18 of section l,70'.‘;md sec- 
lions h2G KJl. 92G-1G2, 92U-1G3, 92G-1G1, 02G-1G5, 92G-1GG, 92G-1GS. 920-17(5, 
' 92G-171, 10210. lU21f,‘ 10211, 1U21J, 1021k, 10211, T729b, 1720c. 1720d. 1729c. 



. lT29f, lT29g. 172'.)h, 17201, I729j .and 1021c‘o£ the Statutes. 

, *' Sia-noN 102t1> -ll. 'I'lio imlustrlab comuds'Slon Is vested with the jKtwcr 
and jtirisdiotinn to have such .supervision of every 'oniploymont and place of 
omploymout Jn this ,Siato ns ina/ bo ncccs.sary adequately to enforce anil 
admluisim- all laws mid all 'lawful oWers re(mlv.iiig such employment miJ 
I>l:iee of eJIddoyinent to be' safe uud requiring the protcetlt^n of the life, 
henlth. safely, amf welfare of every , employee In such eoiploymout or place 
of .emidbyment and ewry /requeptcr of such place of omidoymont. 

" Sko. 1021b-12. It fihiill lie the duty 6t the Industrial commission, and It 
Hliiill hove power, jurisdiction, and .authority: ' * 

( 1 ) * • ♦ . . ! 

** (2) To administer and enforce the lawn relating to child labor, Inuudrles, 
storoH, empluymcut 'of females, licensed occupatlous, ^hool nttcndnuecc 
bakeric.Si oinploymcnt olhecs, Intel] Igeilce offices and bureaus, mamifacturc e^ 

' clgiirs, swctitsho]m, Cora shroddei^ wo0d-BU>y|ng. tpiichlues,] nro..cscapcS ;and 
mmnts 'of egress trom btdJdl ngs, : ocuff olds,. . hoUl^ li^dbrs, and - ptUcr ..nmUerf . 



SCHOOL POPULATION AND ATTENDANCK. 


185 


rt’liiiiiin to tiic eroctlon, \v\)i\U\ iiUenition, or paiiuiu^ of luiililtni^s nml 
rui’iiiies, anti nil oUicr laws protecting the life. healUi, safety, ami N\ cIfavo 
uf einiiloyecs in eiui)loyuieiils aiul i)!accs of emi>loymoiit aud frequcMiU-rs of 
i)laees of euiployiiicnt. 

’ “( 3 ) • * • * 

••( 4 ) • • ? ^ 

-•*(5) ♦ * • 

‘•( 0 ) • • 

•M7) * * * » 

** IS) * * * 

MU) To esialtlish nnd conduct free employment ngoucies. to license and 
Mtiirrvise the work of jn-lvate omployn;oiit (dlices. to do all in its power to 
PrlM' togctlici* employers seeking oniployet.'S and working peuiile soeklng 
fmnM’nient, to make Icnowu tbe opportunities for seK einployimat In tl^s 
Hialc to aid in inducing minors to nndertalve promising* skilled oniiiloynicnia. ^ 
to provide Industrial or agrlculturnl training for vagrants and oilier persons 
Mi.Miiled for ordinary omptoyments, nnd to cnconrage wage earners to insure 
tlM'iiisolves against distress from nncmployuicnt. It slnill invedigato the 
e:^lent and c:tus(*s of nnemidoymcut in tliO Slate of \Vi<r(msin and tho 
rfuictlies tlierefor in* this and other countries, and it shall device and adept 
ihv most cUicient moans within its power to avoid nneinidoymenl. to provide 
emnloymoiit, and to prevent distress from luvolnuiary idlCMiess. 

' ' , Ch. ds.'i. June ;U). 1011. 

\Pisconsin: ^ Creating 372Sc-l of the Statutes, concoruing iho labor of^ minors 
M to 1C years of age, and providing a penally. 

‘•'^RTION 1728C-1. Whenever an evening school, I’oulinnalion classes, iu- 
dnslrial school, eommerclal school, shall he established in any U'wn, vil- 
lage or city in this State for minors botwoon the ages of 11 nml lu, every 
t.inniuyer shall allow all iniiior employees over 14 and nudor 111 >o:irs of age 
u ruliicLlon in hours of work of not less lh; 4 n the number of bmirs tl.o mlnoiM 
may by law bo required to alteud school. • i ,i., 

The total miinbcr of Jiours ai»ont by such minors at work and In the 

before-mcMitloned schools shall together not exceed the total .nunii.or i*f ho\\v< 
of work for which minors over 14 and under 10 years of age may by law 1-e 
employed, except Nvhon the minor shall attend S4.*bool a greater nnml>er of 
hours thiin is required by la\f. In wJiieh case the total number of hours may 
bo iucrcased by the excess of the hours of school atteudauce over the niiui- 

‘*‘""3 the reduction In honrs of work at the time 

when the classes which the minor Is by law reqnircil to attend arc held when- 
ever the working time and the class time coincide. 1 » *i 

•'4 Any violation of Ihls section shall ho pmnslKhl ns is provided in the 

c.so of « violation of B0cllou.l728a of ll.o St:.U,(es.- 

Wisconsin: Amending sections 1728p to n2S'/n. Ihchislvc 
rehiUug to the work of children under IG years of ngo In the s.de 01 dtii ti 
’ of ne\vsi):ipors, niaga/dnes, or perlodieulH. lu the Imudbilts 

nnd circulars, and. In Btroct trades lu cities of the 04 ^ ipn. 


H. (h) Separation of Races. 

Kentucky: An act* to amend an act entitled act for the government nnd 
retfulallon of the common school a of this Stale,” approval March 24, lOOS. 

* ^ ^»At the same time and pluco and by the election 
duct the election fof subdistrict t|^«ateoM, an election rimll be hold for the 
ourpose of electinff a visitor for tho colored scUool or Schools of tho suIhUh- 
trict Such vlsUpr ghnll. be nominated and elected In tho »une 
the subdSstrlet ttustoes, save fhut the. nominating petition shall be signed by 
, colored volefs* tfnd. thnt colof^ voters alone shnU be 

tlattor^ flo fair' a$ th^; colorOd scUooV or.Ti^hools of tbe. suIxVlstrlct nrh ,wn*. 






186 


EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION. AND DECISIONS. 


ocniod, tlio (liiiifs uf Llie visitor bl'.nll be idcuLlL-al wiUi t^ysc of the sub^ 
district trusU'c. sa\e Unit siicli visitor shall not bo a incinbor of the divislou 
lioard. Ntitlior aipproved nor tlisa piu'ovod by tlie t^ovcrnor. 


Kvorv pt'rson liavinjr oiie-si\toonth 1 instead of one-fotirth] or more of nc:^*ro* 
blond snail be dei'ini'd a colored person, ami c\cry person not a colored tier* 
son bavin;,' one loiirth or ii:orc* of Indian blood sliall be deoiiied an Indian, 


• Gcor;;ia (1911) : Disturbance of slci;;bt-of-liand iiL*rforiunncG Riven at sebool- 
liou-e held nut a violation of Den. Code 1910, see. -12A— Harwell r. Stale 7^^ 
S. 'JCd. ‘ 

Massachu setts: An act rolativo to the admission of child ren under 14 years 
of aRc' to pku’cs of aniaseaient. 

Limits tbc oiiorntiou of ilie law prohibiting the ntliulssion of children 
under 14 without an adult to idacos of Qinuseincnt to the hours after 0 p’. lu., 
and when the seliool the child attends Is in session. Ch. 532, May IS, 1910. 

Mississippi: *An ;tct to prohlhN^ininors from entering nud remaining in jkioI 
or billiard rooms, and prescribing penaltioy for violation thereof. 


Xew York: Itelating to attendance nt theatrical ’ performances and niollon- 
*p let 11 re exhibit ion's by ehUdr\n under IG when not nccoinpanitxl by parent \>r 


VirgMda: An act making It n uiisdcinoaMor for paronts guanlinris to neg- 
lect or refuse to snt^jtt their cJiildren\under 14 years of age, or togjiiilijoct 
chlldreu under 17 yflffs of age to vlciousV)!’ immoral InQuotice, encourngo any 
' cldld to. commit a ndsdemcanor, or to sena a child umlcr 17 to certain places,' 

Any i»orson within the Stale of Virginia of suflidont flaiinelnl ability, 
earnings, or htconto who shall refuse 09 neglect to provide for. nay cldhl 
under 14 yeaf.s of age, of w'hich bo* Of she sliall ho the parent or gunrdbin, 

■ Hueh food, clothing, ami sli oiler a.s will pro* vent the snlVerlng a ml fiecme the 
Kiifgty of such chUd, or shall subject n child under 17 years of uge to vicious 
or Unmorril Iniiuenccs, .fifitill. he di»omed guilty of ii nilsdciucnuor, and upon 
convict I oh lU^r^df shut I be* 8 (ihj(H:t to punlslmmat by ir Aue of not moro ihua 
$100. or l>y liuprlsoDu'icut iu Jail for u [KirlOd not to exceed UO duys, or tn 
lieu tliorofif to hard labor on Utc public roads 00lr n pcrl^ not to. cxct*cd'^ 
days, but the court In* Us discrcllun, having regard to the onniing cnpaclty ot 



Cli. 114, 


1910, 


Ch, 357, .Mill', 17, 191U. 


I. SCHOOL DISCIPLINE. 


■ (a) General. 



guardian, ‘ \ 



Soiith Carolina: ^ An act to proIdbH ndnors playing pool or billiards, 


Alsu proliibils minors frequenting or loitering In hay billiard or pool room. 
Penally on owner or keoiier of place,'. Does not npiily to .social clubs or liomes 

Aft .101. R'b. 2f!. I'jlO.'' 


. . tTig. (ItifonOMU^ 'Slihll .Uiivo tlic iig\vc> to Biwiicnd lUo excciiyon ot iiAii- 


r 


SCHOOL DISCIPLINU, 


• 187 


tenco and to make an order, which sfiall be subject to chnnpe by U froii> time 
to time as the circuinstancos may require. directiDg the dcfciuhint to pay a 
cortaiu sma monthly fur the space of one year to the -miulian nr fustudlan 
of such chlid, or to any society or nssoclnllon approved by the court, and to 
release the defendant from custody on probation for the space of oue year. 
ui)ou his or her enterlug Into recognlzajice; with or without sureties, as the 

court may direct; v. 4 V i. 

The. conditions of the above recognizance sball be such that if the ue- 
foudant shall promptly make snch payments, and shall make his or her 
•ii'pcarance In court wlicncvcr ordered to do so within the year, and shall 
furtlior comply with the tonus of the order, and of luiy suhsoqitont mojiii^i- 
thm tliemif, then the recognizaace shall be void, otherwise of full force and 
offoct. If the cotirt be satisOed, by Inforiuntion and due proof, un<ler oatu, 
that at any time during the year the defendant has violated the tor^ of 
such an order. It may forthwith proceed to cnforoc the original sentence. 
The eourt may direct the probnUon officer of such city or town, at any time, 
to n.sccrtain and reiKirt to It If the defendant Is obeying such order of the 

^shall 1)0 unlawful for any persoo^to tmiise or encourage any boy or girl 
to commit tt misdemeanor, or for nny person to send or ° »>c sc''t ""y 

bov or girl, under 17 years of ago, to nny. house of prostitution or to ^y 
saloon or wine room, or to nny policy shop or gambling place, or to any ^1 
room or bucket simp, knotVing (bom to be such, or knowingly P*-’ 
tribute to, ciicourage, or cause i|ny such child to be pnlty 
immoral Conduct, aud nny i>erdon stroffcndlng sh?!! be RUjlty of a. m's'ie- 
a.cm.or, and shall he tried In any court of competent 

cmivictioii thereof shall bo innijsbed by n fine not in excess of $100, or by 
Impri.somuont In Jail for a period not exceeding one year, or, in discretion of 
the court, In lieu thereof, to hard labor on the luibl Ic roads for a perlod^ot 


to exceed "SOX months. 


CU. 347, Mar. 17, 1910. 


I. (b) Corporal Punishment. 


• Ark.ansa.s (1910) : Rclioolin.'istor held authorized to punish n pupil.. 

\ schoolmaster may liilllct reasonable corpor.al punlslmient upon a pnpil for 
eond'mt J^Jnding to demoralize otheV pupils .and to Inter ere with the proper 
maniigemont of the school.— Doiid v. Stata. 1-6 S. W., 83*1. 

Massnehnsetts: Uoslrlctlng corporal punishment 27 ’Toi/”'' 

• Missouri'( 1019 ^ : A teacher may discipline puplls*by corporal puulslimeut In 

u rOiisotmblc ami modornte mannor. ^ 

The fact that a teacher punished a pupil In a cruel manner hold adn.isslblo 

h, mUlgation of exemplary ““ 

assault by the parent.— Cook u. NoelJ et al., 1-8 S. W., -33. 

Utah: See B (cl). 


I. (c) Suspension and Expulsion. 


I. (d) Fire Drills. 

lownt Creatine the office of .gtato fire wnruhnl and deputy fire mnoihnl. 

•• It shall bo tho duty of the State fire marshal and his deputies to require 
'• nattier of pSb^ “H buildings of /hat. mm 

story, to ham at least one Are drill each month, and to require all 
of such sebootiC whether occupytne buUdliies of one 

•• all doors- aud oxtta of -their resiiectlvo rooms- and . bulldlugs unlockjrf durlug 

school Uouhi. The Are marshal shall prepure, a buUctlii upoii Uie 





18S 


EDU(?!«nONAL LEGISLATION AND DECISIONS. 


Vi\\\>cs ami iLiii.uvrs of liivs, arran^'Cd \u not loss Uiaii four divisions 

.lUd t!ii(U‘r tlio (lirootlon uf Ihe oxocutivo oouiu'll slmll publish and 
(lolivor ilio saiur tii tho public Si-boids tbrtui^iliont tlio State, aiul tlic touchers 
Micrcui’ sImII i.c roipiiivif to insiruoL their intpils In nl lonst one lesson oaeb 
Wi:arlor ol ilio wland year with referoiico to the causes and dnn;:ef.s of la-e.s. 
Any’ toaclicf I'ailin;; to coiu]ily with the ;j)ruvisious of this seotiou ahull be - 
;:uilty of a mistloiuoanor and shall be punishable by a line nf not to exceed $iu 
loi- each onViiso.'’ Ch, 12S, Apr. 11. l!»li. 

>Iiehi;;an: t^'catin- the oi:ice of .Stale fire niarslml, cto. ' 

It s!,a!I ho tlie (Imy of the Slalq fire marshal and deputy and assi.sinnt lire 

^ niarslaiN to require Ksu’hcrs of private and jinhllc sehttols '?tnd Oilucathuiid 
instUuliuns to have one lire thill each month, and to keep uli'dours aiul exits 
• uiilocia'd during school hours. 7;)^ Apr, M J'JU 

Xew York: Tlie State fire marshal shall institute ami supervise lire drills lu 
sell* Mils, halls, etc. (]>oes not apply to New York City.) ^ 

' , Ch. loa; ApHiWO, 1M2. 

Uliode IsliHid: Lciiilrin- lire drills once a month in every piihlic ami jn-ivato 

M-honi bavin- nime timn i;:. pnp.iis. Ch. 71)7, Aiir. IS, 11)12. 

Utah:' Ncc li «(d). 


I. (e) School Fraternities. 

♦Califftniia fl!)]2) : **,S<*crci .‘' and “ natli-bonml,” .as used in Stnt. lOno. 11 
proldliiiinu' 1 raternitie.s in public seln.obi. held s\iioiyvinous. 

I’nileiaitiics” within Slat, Pjop. p. held to iiicliule sororities and 

chibs.— -ilrad ford v. lid. of ICd, of City and County of San Erancisco Uh 
I’ac., b2'J. ^ - 

>Iic!)iaan: Abolishin- fra Kunit ies, sororities, and nil otiK'r secret soeiolie.s 

/ Np. 271, May 1, liUL . 


anpui-*lhe pui»il.s of . t!i(.' pohiic scI)o(d" 


J. HEALTH REGULATIOIiS. 


lAl-ip'r.’-;-/. 


' (aj General. ^ 

Califoi-fiia: rruviilin- f.*r the vaci inal i(jii .t)f .sclittol clilldren. 

Ucquires vaccination oertilientes of all studemts nml pupils of schools col- 
le^ios, universities, and* academic^, both public and private. 

• ; - Ch. 13^.,Mm‘.- 7,* 1911. 

•California (1010) : Act Teh. 20,nSs!) (Stat. ISS'J, ch. 24), providhiK for the 
" ' e.xeUision from conunoa scluiols of unvacclmited chjjdpon is wlthhl the police 
-‘power of tliO' le^dslaturc aniJ is eonstltutioaal. ^ ^ 

Act. Pel). 20. ISS'J (Stat. cdj|„.24 ) , ^u'ovlding that tho trustees of tin* 

several comm on- school distrirt.^ arc directed to exclude from I lie ctmiinon 
sMionls any ehihl or ium-kiui Vho.ji'nH not. hoen viiccinutc^, etc., Is iimmlntory. 

.\'-l I-’ch. 20. ISSl) (Slat. ISSp, ch. 2*1). provldUn; fer vaccluiitlon of s<*in)ol 
children was not ix'pealed hy ;^he compulsory ouucatiou act (Htat. 1005, cli. 

.Slate Ihl. of ncalili e^'Rd. of . Trustees of Watuouvlllo Sell. Disc, of 
Santa Cnix County et al., ll»Pac., 137. ^ ' 

Couiiectleut: A mend i up section G of chapter 207 of the Public AcU of 1007. ' 

Itcaiturcs pareni.s after due notice from school pbysicinn to have tllsoasod or 
defective clindmi.troatc»d. Ch, d 20, Juno 2S, 1011. 

ConiK^etlcutP ^Gonrot'ii 1 nit the u.sQ. of common, drinking cups. . ^ - 

S|.pwoN 1, .Slnic board of htMiUli. to prevent thn sprcntVof comnniiil- .' 
^ siiUtiblo ruIOM H I id iiikUhi lietis Adopted by ^lid houtll, • 






HEALTH BEGULATIONS. 


189 


rcKnliito or prohibit llio providing or use of :i common drinking cup in such 
public iibucs, vehicles, or b\iUdingB as slnilhbo dt'signiiled by s:iid nilcs nuil 
regulotiiuis. The State board of liealTb shull cause such rules :md regulations 
to be priiiti'il In at liMst one iie\vspiij*er puhllsbtHl In i*aeh ooiinty and a eupy 
(hereof (t» be sent to each c.oiinly, town, city, ami Ijorongli lie:ilij|^ ollicer, anil 
theronpoM said rules and rejgiilatiohs sball bocomG efleciive. 

** Si;c. 2. Any person violating any of tire provisions of said rules and regu- 
lations shall be lined not more than $25 for each ufi’ei\se.” 

Ch. 9G. J\me 15. 1911. . 

Idaho: Ib*ovidiug thaP doors In public assembly halls, churches, theaters, 
seliools, cti'., slmll swing outward. (;ii. 97, Kei). M, 1911. 


hlaho: 6'ce A (o). 

lllln*6i.s: Prohibiting the use of n cuiutgon drinking enp In i)ubli(* ami private 
sch'Ools, St;ito educational Institutions, public hairs, ilieauu*s, hotels, piihlic 
buildings, factories, railroad trains, etc. 

S. n. No. A'22,- \k «S9. June 1!M1. 

Kentucky: Prohibiting the ii.'se of puhlib drinking cups in laildiely fiv(pieiitcil 
plaJes. Cb. 00, Mar.. 5. 1919. 


Maryland: Hclating to lire 'escai»03. 

It shall be the duty uf the board of scliool conimissicmers fur .Mlcgmiy 
Gmntty to erect' aiul maintain lire escapes on all public scluKd ImiMiug-^ nf 
two stories iiiiil over, imcIi i>I* such hiiibliiigs to liave af least two lire e.-vapes 
of safe, substantial, ami modern constmciidM on opposite sides of yieh build- 
lugs. . Failure to comply with tliU net shall constitute lualfeastnee in ullice. 

Laws '1910. p. 182, ch. 292. Apr. 7, lOb). 

.Maryland: Prohibiting the nm? of conuiiou drinking cups in all iniblic placeB 
iu\d \ipoii railroad trains' and steainhoal.s. Ch. 159, Apr. 4, 1919. 


Massacluisotts: An tict to re<trict.11ie iiso of eoniiumi drink iug cups. 

The hoard of lieaUh hs nutbori/.cd to prohibit In snob imidio places, vv.hiclos, 
* nnd buildings as it niny designate the providing of a conimou tlrinUin'g d\ip. 
and uiny establish rules mid regulations for the purpose. \'io]atio:j of such 
regttlatlOb shall be p\mlslial)lo by Hue. ^ 

. Cb. 428, Apr. 22, 1910. (Oct. 1, 1910.) 

Massachusetts: Tbe Slate botird of health may prohibit In pnl>lic [daces tlio \ise 
of u coimnon towol ami may estahlish rnle.s atid regulation.^. 


^ - Ch. 59. Feb. 9, 1912, 

Now Hampshire: Authorizing the Slate hoard of iiealth lo |iruhlliit in such 
public idaces, voUielos, or biiUdlngs us It nmy desiguale Uio'pioviiling of a 
eomntou drinking cup. ^ Ch. 2, Feb. 9. 1911. 

Xew Jersey: UostrK^ig the_ use of cimnnon drinking cups to prevent the emn- 
nniuleaUon (tf InfocUous discuses. * 

“1. T1[0 vise of the comiiiou drlnUlng cup, an iimloubfed sotiroo of * com- 
niuuicatibn of Infoctious dlscaHos, lierclly prohibited iu^ all public places 
•wilhiii this ComuumwoaltU, nnd thcO State hoard of health shall have full 
authority to estnbllsh suc^ reasonnblo rulc.s and regulations to make this 
prohibition cffoctlvo us In tffolr judgment scorns wise and pro[)CV. ' 

V2. Whoever fn Us. to observe tbe provlsloua of this m t, or the rules ami 
rogulittionB of Uie Stato board of bonUh unido in i*chitlou tlioroto. HluitP^bo 
dcomod guilty of a misdemeanor and bo liable to a tine not exceeding $25 for 
oacU offense. ^ 

**8. AH nctrf and porta of acta iucoualuteut bcrewltlh imv h^eby repcnlod." 

t , : Cb. d71, Apr. 15, 1011, 

Ohio: See O (a), ^ ^ ^ 

Oregon: Authorlztng school bparda to prolilhtt the attomlnnco at school; pf imy 
pupil affected wiUi vermla or dhcleaiUl^ . • Ch.*8^^Fcb.l7..10Xl.' 




190 


EDUCATIO-N'iCL LEGISLATION AND DECISIONS. 



% 


♦ riMUisjlvania U-mO) : Act April II. (V. L, 3S) , imtlmri/.ln- scliool 

(lirccliU’s uf unvuslilpa iu prcvemiiiK a p read of conta^,Mous diseases deter* 
mil 1 L'd. — I J Ut. of Nether I’rovideuee Twp. v/Motilgoiiiory, TO At., 7Ck 

Soidh C>rt-o!inj*^ Tlio exeeuUve cbmniluoc of tbo State board of health uaiy 
and onrori’o rules and rc;;ulatimjs for the sanitation of • • • schools, 
lihire.to comply with rales shall boa misdemeanor. No. *110, b'ch. 12, 1912. 


J. (b) Physical Examination and Medical Inspection. 

Nco aha T. . ' 

...Colorado: Approrprinting to carry out and enforce the provisions of nn act cu- 
ll tie. I ‘’An act providkiiK for the cx a mi nation and curd of ehildron in tlic 
public seliools and makfnj; an approiiriatiou In connection thcrcwitlj/* 
api)rnvcd March 22, IDUO. Cli. 90, June 1, 1011. 

Indijiwa: To prutect ami conserve tli<? health and lives ot* schnnl cliihlrtMi niul 
promote their oaUdoncy by provldint; for ihclr medical in.spcctitm and siih^e 
fpu'at in.'ccssary ircatmeiit. 

.‘^1 c'l io.\ 1, All school tnj^t('cs ami lo\v!ishi[) trusiees are herewith pennitted 
and recunmu‘ml(*d to iiisiftiitc luctlical iiupcclioii of .scliuol children ;ii juiy 
lime. The .said trustees may rctiuire teachers to annually test the sieht ami 
hearing of alF^scliool eliiUlrou tinder their charge. The- said tests and uses 
thereof to he made according to tbo rules heroluafter airtliorized. 

Si:e, 2. I’he term '* uicdh-al Inspection” asfl.sed In this net shall be IioM to 
mean tbe testing nf the sight and hearing of school children and (he inspectiun 
tjf said children hy sch^vtl' ifhysicians for ilisease, disabilities, dpt^iyod teeth, or 
other defet is wliicli may reduce elUclency ut* tend to prevent the'^ reeci\'gig 
tlic full heiielits of s^*h^lul work. 

3, iJeginning wiili the school year 1011, schyol trustees and lownslilii 
trustees nmy appoint at least one school phy.slcian for each school curporaUoii : 
rroviUf tl, O’hat where practii-ahle two Or more' scliuol- corporations may miltc 
and employ one such physician, whose ihiUes shall be such as afe i)rcseribc[l 
in this art and (.lie authorixed rules, but no physician shall liii^ more than 
2.1H.I0 .school cltlidren imder his chiirgc. Said .school physiclfc»- shall he 
griuinates of a medical eollego, recognized by the Stale hoard of registration 
^ai:d exuminal ion, shall liohi a li( en.*^t> to practice medicine in IndUmi, und 
shall be Informed and skilleil in' niedleal iiisiiectlon of ciiihlren. infonued lu 
the health Ws ami tin* health rules of the .Slate board of heallh, shall be 
tempm-ate, :TOe-lindIi'd. i^eanly. in person, not uddieled to drugs, and oNgmtd 
mt>ral eliaracter. and no others sbijll be appokited. School i)hy>iciaus may he 
discharged 'by the apjiointing power at any lime. School iihyslcians .shall 
serve one year and until their siicceskors are appolfctod and shafl receive ^aeh 
comiHTisallnn us Ihe iippoiming trustee or trqsiocs* may delennine, 

Skc. 4, School pliysit'iatis slrall make prompt exainhmtitin and diagnosis of 
. nlU chihlren referred to rliem and sucU fiinher exiuuinallon of leaclui’s, 
J:mi(oi*.s. ;ind .school buildings ns In tludi* opialon liio proteellon of the lieallli 
of the pupils and renchers ftaj retiiiire. t\Mj(Micver n/'cliOoI chikl Is fouiul to 
be ill or suH'erlng from iiuy ' physit-iil* defect, th^^ .school pliysiciau shall 
jiromptly send it home, will) note fb parents or guardians, brietly boUlni; 
foillj the dlseovorod facT^, and advising thiit the family physician be con- 
sol tctl, If tile pa reft ts or guard I u us uro so poor as to be uunble to give the 
relief that l.s neco.s.sary, then school trustees and township trustees, ns the . 
|uay be*, slialh provide the ncoes.sary relief :^i'rovic/a/. That lu cltio.s wheiV 
i^.publlc dispous;u'U*s exist, the relief shall !>e\ given by 'snrki dispensaries. 
/ School physicians slmlj keep uccumto cniHMjidc.viwcerdfr of all exumlmitioiti, 
uud*#aid rc^tords. that they nmy be uniform throughout the SUUc. bhull be 
# ac^tllug to the f^nn prescribed hy y)c4;uIos authorized thliroct, and thv' 
hud mauKcr of rephVts to bo nmtle shall be according to said rules: 

^ :Pwided; hou;pter, XUut if the pu rent or guardhin Of ahysichool cbttd shall 
.at- Uio beglnning^f tijo ;at*hooL year. fprhisn . the :wrlttou c*brtfftcato of any 
. ; r^u^ble physlcjao ^ has ndtUliid 


HBA.LTH REQULAtlONS. 


191 


r 

of the results of such exjunlimtlon, in such cnsos the servlcos of tlio 
Inspector licroiii provldcii slmll be tllspenscU with, luitl sucli cortiliraio sliull , 

I be furulsheil by such *piiieiit or giuinlhin from time to time, as rctiuiml by 
■ the trustee or board of trustees buviug rtiarge of such schools. 

' Stc. 6, The Stute board of educatiou,aiul the J^ate board of health sKall 
Jointly pass rules for the deUlU eirftotMfteiit of the purposes of this act, 
wlilch rules shall bear the printed 'heals of said b'bards; the said rulesto bb 
printed auJ promulgated by the State printing board; promulgation to con- 
sist in supplying a reasonable number of coi>les to c:u’h,couuty superiutendeiit 
from whom all who are lutcresied may procuue a coi)y, 

Skc. 0, A’l violations of* this act, except as ollirrwiso provided, shall' be 
! ^ punished by a fine of not less than $10 or more llr.m $.">0. 

^ Ch- 1|K), Mar. C, 1911. 

•yiinncsota (1910) : A school board may employ a suitable person to ascertain 
the physical condition of pnplls irr uttoiulance on public schools of the dis- 
trict. — Slate ex rel, fttoUenherg -v. Jlrown, City Conii)trollcr, 12S X. W., 294. 

\ew Jersey: AnuMiding chapter 1T7 of the Acts of 1910 entitled "An act to 
authorize . citu's of this Slate to niaUe annual apropriatlons to lncorix)raie 
dental ass»>ciat!on.s of this State conducting and maintaining dental clinics 
In such cities I’or the free trealinciit of liidigeat jtersons.” 

Iitcrcases from Jfl.tXX) to $ri,000 the amount permitUxl to be aupropriated 
by every city, ami rcslrictfi benelils to residents of -city making appr()i)ri:!liou- 

Cb. TO, Mur, 00, 1911. 

\ow York: Itclatlng to the powers and duties of boards of education. 

'riic hoard of education of every union froe scbool district shall Iiave pbwer 
and it shall be their duly to provide, for the ujcdlcal hispectlon of alj chll- 
; dreu in atlentlance^ upon scliools under tliolr supervision whenever In their 
Jmiginent siulh iusitectlon shall be necessary aiid to i>ay any e.vpcn^ liiciirrod 
llicreror n\it of fuiuls utilhorized by the voiov.s of Uie district or city or which 
may t>roi)erly l>e set aside fur. such i)iu*pase Oy the cotumon coaucll or tiie 
board of e.stiniale and ai>p(^ionmout of a cit^ Ch. 002, Juue 23, 1910. 

• \ortli Carolina: Aiuemlin^^he health laws of North Oarolina. 

V*'If n county superintendent of health shall be employed to devote his 
entire time to the county public-health work, he sliiiU perform, in addition to 
the aforesaid duties, the duties of quarantine oflicer, and the following addi- 
tional duties: lie shnll make ii B^initary ■ examination during the summer 
nnmths of every public school building and grounds in the county, iviul no 
school comiuittee’.or teaclier shall make use of any school building or grounds 
until 'the-county superintendent of health shall certify in writing that said 
bnlldiiig nnd grounds have been iiispectod and found to ho In a satisfactory 
sanitary cofidition within four months of the date of the cortilicalo. He sliall 
exatnine every school child that has prevlo.usly boon examined by the teacher 
uccordlilg to methods furnished said teachtik by the county suportntemlciU of 
scliools, and roporlcil to said county superintendent of schools as iuob:ibly 
defective In the couditloii of its eyes, ears, nose, or tliroat, aiul ho siiall fur- 
ther endeavor to have examined the feces of every child )io suRi>ects 

of having Iwiikwonn disease. lie shall notify on blank forms and in neeord- 
anee wUljtHnsti>uctions furnished by the State, department of public iastnic- 

* tlon, evo!7 parent or yunrdlan of a child having any defect of the iiforr»said • 
organa, or hookworm disease, and ho shall snggo.st to said juireiit or guardian 

the proper course of treatment, and urge that such treat incut be .proeurLHl. 

Ho shojl. cooperate fully wUh the county board of oduentiou, the county super- ' 
Intcndent of schpols, and the teachers In the public schools, to the end that 
children may be better informed Ija regard to. t^e 1niportnm*e of boaUh nud 
the mcthod.s of proventiug disease. He shall, through the county press. imbMe 
addresses, and In every available way, endeavor to educate the ppopio of his 
'^ 0 !^ county to sot u higher -value on hcnltb, and to adopt such public iiiul private 
measures as \vlll tend to u greater couscrvutlou of llft^** , ^ ' 

* . w ’ . ; * r . . = Ohr% Mnr. 7. iOlIU', * 

North Pako^4 £lee A- (a), r ' .. . 





192 


Rhode Island 


kdJcatio 

: ^ act to 


CATIONAL LEOISLATIOK AND DECISIONS. 



I promote the health of school 

' There shall be an annual appropriation for medical inspection of schools lix 
the several towns and cities of this Sthte, and said appropriation shall be 
annually ai^xirtloned by the State board of education among towns and cities 
conforming to the provisions of this act Any town dr city providing medical * 
Inspection, approved by the State board of education, shall be entitled to re- 
ceive annaally £s6m the. State appropriation an aniount equal to one-half its 
annual expenditure for such purpose, said amount not to exceed $250. The 
school committee of any town or city may employ one or more school phy- 
sIcTnus, each of whpm shall at least once each year mahe eiamihntlon of the 
pupils, teachers, and janitors of the schools, public and private, assigned to 
his care, and of the buildings and surroundings thereof, and shall make report 
^ of such examination to the superintendent of schools In said town or city for 
such action as may be neoeesary. # 

Every superlutendent of schools shall cause an^xamluatlon of the sight and 
hearing of all cblldreu of the schools under his supervision, to made at 
least once a year by teachers or school physicians, and shall makd provision 
for preserving Che record of the examination of such children and for notify- 
ing the parents of defects The commissioner of jTul^c schools shall furnish 
to superintendents suitable test cards and appliances approved by the State 
hoard of health, and such blanks, record books, and rules of Instruction as he 
may deem necessary. 

The State board of education from time to time shall approve proper stand- 
ards of lighting, heating, veBtllating, seating, and other sanitary arrange- 
ments of school buildings, and proper regulations concerning the same as 
it may deem necessary for the safety and health of persons who may attend 
school, and shall communicate the same to the school committee of each city 
and town and to any committee of any body having charge of the erection, 
alterations, equipment, or fumlsbiDg of any school building. 

th. 725, May 18. 1911. 

Utah: Relating to physical examination of school children. 

Every te.acher In the public schools shall test and examine every child 
under his jurisdictlou to ascertain If such child is suffering from defective 
sight or hearing, or diseased teeth, *or breathes through his mouth. Defects 
shall be reported In writing to parents. State board of health shall pre- 
scribe rules and fqmlsh appliances and Instructions. Such tests shall be 
made at opening of school term and upon each ne\^ pupil upon entrance. 
School boards may employ physicians to make tests Instead of teachers. 

' Ch. 140. Mar. 20, lOil. 

ermont; Providing for medical Inspection of public and private schools. 

htenov 1. The 'sclAoI directors of any town or city, or the school com- 
mittee of any incorporated district, may appoint one or more medical In- 
spectors for their schools, provided the legal voters of such town. city, or 
Incorporoted district at their annual school meeting by vote instruct said 
dlret^rs or committee so to do. The compensation of such lnsi)ectorfi shall 
be' fixed by the school directors or prudential committee. 

Rue. 2. Such medical Inspectors shall examine the pupils of saW schools, 
and In all things comply with such rules and regnlatloha ss may be promul- 
gated by the State boord of health relating thereto. 

8co. 3. Said Inspectors shall, under^he same regulationa examine the 
pupils of any private school when requested so to do by the principal thereof, 
or whenever any communicable disease is present In any town or city In 
which such private school may bo located, qr when the pupils thereof may 
haVe been exposed to any communicable disease. 

^ ‘ Np. 78, Nov. 11, 1910. (Sept 1. 1911.) 

West Virginia; Establishing medical inspection In the public schools.. 

SEcnoH 1. That. the board of education of each Independent school district 
In this State shall, and other boprds of education may, within 90 days from 
the passage hereof and thereafter on the 1st day of January or each year. 

legally qualified practicing phytidana in said school 
dlmct to be known as medical Inspectors of schools, fix their salaries and 
their dntles hminafter provided* and fomiah the necessary statton- 
eiy 1^ prints for records snd reports. ... 

-v" ' '■ ■ ■ ' \ : 



TEXTBOOKS AKD SUPPLIES. 


198 


Sbo. %. It Ahall be the datj of the medictl inspector of schools t6 Mps- 
nt^y and carefully test each pnpll In his school once during eac^ school 
year to ascertain if the pupil Is suffering from any defect or disability that 
would prevent the pupil rscdvlng the full benefit of the school work, or If 
some modification of the school work should be made that the pupil 
receive the best educational results! 

S£o. S. The medical inspector shall also, at the request of the superin- 
tendent of schools, carefullf examine any pnpll for evidence of infecttoas or 
contagions disease or any other condition which might prove harmful to 
other pnpUa Whenever any pnpll shows symptoms bf smallpox, chlckenpoz, 
measles, scarlet fever, tuberculosis, diphtheria, Influenza, whbopixig cough, 
toDsllitis. mumps, scabies, syphilis and other venereal diseases, trachonui, or 
any other contagions disease, the pupil must be sent home and the boards 
of health and education notified in writing by the medical inspector of 
schools. Any pnpll with any of the said diseases shall not attend school 

Sac. 4. The medical Inspector of schools also shall carefully examine eacdi 
pnpll who has been absent from school for five consecutive days for con- 
tagious or infections filsease, nnlesff the pupil shall present to the superin- 
tendent of the school a wrlttoi or printed statement. In the form herelhafter 
given, showing that the pnpll and tlje bouse from which the pnpll comes la 
free from infectious or contaglonB disease, signed by the attending phyalclaa 
and Indorsed by the medical Inspector of schools.. 

Sic. 5. The medical inspector of schools shall also, when requested by the 
board of edncation, conduct luvestlgatlonB, furnish Information and advice, 
and assist to formulate rules of procedure on matters pertaining to the 
lighting, heating, ventilating, and sanitation of the school building; the hours 
of study; recesses; exerdsesi and any other matter pertaining to the health, 
vitality, and development of the puplla And, If deemed necessary, the board 
of edncation may employ a teacher^ nurse to Investigate the sanitary condi- 
tions of the pupil and home * • ' 

8®a 6. Prescribes method of keeping record by medical Inspector. 

Ch. 31, Feb. 23, 1011. 

Wisconsla: Creating sectiona 1408a to 1408d, lndnalve,fe the Statutea, relating 
to the prevention and control of dangerous communicable diseases. 

Requires local health officers to notify piindpalB or teachers of the appear- 
ance of dangerous communicable diseases. Requires principals having knowl- 
edge or suspicion, of such disease to report the case to the health officer. 
Prohibits parents from sending to school Infected children. All schoolhousee 
In which there has been an outbreak of such disease shall be cleaned and 
disinfected before reopening. ch. 44, Apr. 29, . 


^ TEXTBOOKS AND SUPPLIES. 


(4) General. 

* Illinois (1011) : The legislature has the power to compel publlBbers to lloenae 
th^r books as a condition precedent to their sale for use In the poblie 
scboola— Polzin o. Rand, McNally & Oo. eC al, 95 N. E., MT. 


e Illinois (1911) : Laws >1909, p. 419, sec. fi, held to require advertisements -for 
bids of school books to be published in newspapers of general drdalatlen 
In each district or city, and hence invalid as impossible of performance.— 
Poliln o. Rand, McNally A Oo. H ol., 86 N. B.; 623. I 

* minols (1911) : Laws 1909* p* 410, providing for the licensing of scdKMd test* 
books, held not to be In conflict with Const art 8, pec. 1, requiring the 1^U»> 
Istnre to" provide a pobUeechool syate^. — ^PolsUTe. Band, McNally 4 Oa 


IM 


SDUCATIOKAL LSQI&LATIOK..Ain> DEGIBIQHa 

Kftiutf : Provldliig for tbm adoption of a oniform siyatem of h\mn\^ books and 
m»rd« In tin countlea, townahips, and school districts of tho State.* 

^ The State iteconntant State printer, and attorney general shall consUtute 
a commiaslott After Jnly 1, 1912, It shall be nnlav^fol for any county, town- 
^p. or school dlstflct, or the purchasing agent thereof, to purchase any 
blank book or record of any form other than that adopted by said commission. 

' Ch. 303, Mar. IS, 1911. 

lOnnesota: Relating to tertbooka 

Requires ^bllshers to file with the State superintendent a sworn state- 
ment of prlctes, based on five-year adoption, with guaranty that books will 
be sold as cheaply In Minnesota as elsewhere, Ch. 43, Mar. 24, 19U. 

msriaaippl: See 0 (o). 

Nerada; See A (a), 

Xorih Dakota^ Prohibiting county officials and 89 ^ 00 ! officers and teachers 
troa recelTing commissions on the porcbaae of school books, furniture, or 

^ Oh. 2^. Mar. 3, 1911. 

. North Dakota; Providing for the distribution of “ Blue books aomnjt the dis- 
trict schools ot the State. (Jh. 60, Mar. 3, 1911 . 

North Dakota; See A (a), 

PeuBsylyaiila; See A (a). 

VUsliila; Requirhig State board of education to a^ertain and report 11 mount 
paid by patrons of public schools for adopted textbooks. 

Sh all be included in teachers* term sports. Ch. 258, Mar. 14, i9l2. 


K, (b) Free Textbooks. 

Arlsoaa; To provide free textbooks for children attending the free schools. 

Aw^Prtates' from school fund sufficient moneys for same. Each county 
BDperlntendent shall, on or before Jnly 1 of each year, make requlsltipn on 
the chairman of the State board of education for a complete list of all text- 
books necessary for the schools of his county. 

. The State board of education shall furnish the books requeued and draw 
on the school fund for payment 

The State board of education shal^ advertise for bids and make contracts 
with publishers for necessary tertbooka 

The county superlntendwit shall furnish books to district trustees and the 
tat^ diall supply the pupils 

Not more than one textbook shall be changed in any One year for any 
grade and any textbook adopted shall be continued In use at least five years 
All books shall remain the property of the State. If a book Is lost or de^ 
■troyed It shall be replaced at the expense of the pupil 
When a pupil comjrfetea the course covering the subjects^or which u text- 
book baa been nsed said .book shall become the property of the pupil 
^ Pupils ot parents may purchase the necessary books at cost price. 

Ch.#72, May 18, 1912.' 

Florid: Providing for fomlshing textbooks free to indigent t^hlldren under 16 

Oh. 6168 (No. 44), June 8, 1911. 


BL (c) Uniformity of Texibooka 


11 Tesfbooks. 




tn adoptfaig textbooks State board of educatfon ahkil be governed by the 
ffOkiwlng rules: ' V- 

. v^L^qt tl}ai> jttue textbook shall jEMrehang^ in <me ffade In' one y^r. 
AAopnjOfla eflectlTi live ybsra. > ■ ^ ^ • 


OhaiijiM i 


. _ I In Jufie; effective at beginning of next -Cei^ 


<nXTB00K8 AHD 8UPFL1S8. 


195 


4 PoMlc opining of bids. 

5. Sealed Mds» with samplewaafl pricj^ ^ 

6. If no ratisfactory bids are recelve^books In use shall continue. 

7. Wrl«n contract with bond. Trustees ahall use boohs adopted Penalty, 
$100 or removal, or both. No school officer or teacher ahai) act as textbook 

Ch. 77 (Ch. XVII), May 20, 191Z 

Florida: Creating a State textbook commission and providing for a uniform 
series of textbooks. 

Commission composed of board of commissioDers of State institutions; 
textbooks adopted for entire State fer a period of ffipe years; subcommisslon 
of nine members appointed by governor to act In advisory capacity; commis- 
sion required to advertise for bids; contracts required with successful bidder 
and bond of bidder provided for; agencies in. each county for distribution of 
books. s, Ch. 6178 (No. 69), May 2S, 1911. 

Idaho: See A (o). 


* Indiana (1911) ; Where the board of schoolbook commissioners selected cer- 
tain writing books and contracted with relators to famish the same to the 
schools, under act March 2, 1889 (Laws 1889, ch. 60). supplemental act 
1891 (Laws 1891, ch. 80), sec. 11, Bumifs Ann. Stat, 1908, sec. 6348, the 
trustees of city schools were under an absolute duty enforceable by man- 
damus, to require the use of such books. 

A State board of schoolbook coihmiBBloDers having adopted certain copy 
books, a complaint and alternative writ of mandamns to compel city school 
trustees to use the books was not required to negative conditions and restric- 
tions on the board. Imposed by amendatory act March 8, 1909 (Laws 1909. 
ch. 156), sec. 2. . . 

complaint and alternative writ of mandamus tckoompel city school trus- 
tfees to order and use certain copy books held tJ&llege a sufficient com- 
pliance with the relator’s contract \^ththe State tl^efor. 

Au alternative writ of mandamus against school trustees to compel them to 
order and use relator*s copy books and writing S 0 K)lie 8 held not objectionable 
for failure to allege- a demand.— Bd. of Trustees of Lafayette Caty Sch. r. 
State ex rel. Eaton et-al., 93 N. E., 86L 


Kentucky: An act creating a county textbook commission to adopt for the use 
of the common schools In each county a uniform series of textbooks, regulat- 
ing the prices thereof, dednlng the powers and duties of such commiaslon, eta ^ 


Section 1. There is hereby created for each county In the State a county 
textbook commission, which shall consist of the county superintendent of 
schools, two members of the county board of examiners, the principal of a 
high school In the county, to be appointed by the State board of education, 
and one member of the county board of education selected by said county 
board ; no person eligible who is the author of a school textbook or who has 
been employed by a textbook publisher within two yeara ^ 

^ Sxc. 2, 'Vacandes; how flU^. ♦ 


Seo. 8. Bach, member ahall quaUfy by taking oath ftilthfully to discharge 
his duties. ( 

Sxa 4, Organization; county superintendent ex dDcio chairman; secretary 
elected by commission from Its membership. 

Sec. 6. Advertisements for proposals In county papers or by written noti- 
fication to onallfled publlsher^'fbr sealed bids for furnishing books to the 
common schools of the county. 

. Seo. 6. Such bids shall be for fire years, and shall state specifically the net 
prices at which books are to bs famished to agents In the county, and tile 
exchange price to iraplls; specimen copies; opening the bids; preservation of 
papers and specimens; return to publishers. 

Seo. 7. Bids may .be, rejected ; faUifre to select, and readvertisem^t 
Seu 8r The commiaslon in each county durl^ the month of June or July 
of the year in which existing contracts expire ahall ad^ from the author^ 
IsetTState list a uniform series of textbooks for use In the common schools of 
the countyi excepting Incorporated dtiea, and kbaU arrange for the dlstrtbu*" 
ti<m ^ such books to agentsAt the net contract price * 

Saa 0.. The commlstion ahall consld^ the sabjed matter. ttiedtanlcelm 
price of the books in maltliig their 







196 


IDUOATIOIIAL UBGIBLATIOH AKD deoihionb. 


n^nn NTles of taxtbook* selected shall include aU brsnehes 
required by taw, but no textbo<* shall contain anything of a partisan or se.- 
ranan cnaracter. 

*:hoota not In Incorporated 

cines are nibject to the prorlalons of this act 

, ^ adoption Is made,' the contract shall be awarded, and notl- 

Ilca^M UMt to toe successful bidders and to the State superlntaident AU 
con^cts shall sOptdate that toe prices paid s|till not exceed toe prices paid 
for t^® ““e^k under like condlUons in any^toer State, county, towniSp, 
or Bchool district In tbe United State*. 

1^. la The State aaperlntendwit ahall prepare and fnmlsh the form of con- 
tract tmhe use^ the said form to be apyaoTed by the attorney general. 

n * ^ stipulated in each contract that the State of KentOcky 
ahall not be liable to any contractor In any mandbr. 

8m 15. The county commlaalon ahall appoint at least two agents to sell 
the books adopted to patrons and pupils at a price not exceeding 15 per cent 
over the net contract price, the said 15 per ceht to Include transp^taUon 
charges. Such agents shall exchange new books for those displaced at the 
^change price during the first year of the life of each contract 

Sm 16. When a patron or pupU removes from the county the agent shall 
purchase of him good, serviceable books at the exchange price. 

Se^ 7. Such second hand books may be purchased by the county judge for 
use by Indlgcnrpnpils, but no such second hand books ahall be sold at a price 
greater than 10 per cent above their cost to the agent 

Penalty for violation by any agent or dealer of these provisions, fine 
of not less than $50 nor more than $100. 

Sm 19. Tbe State board of education shall by tbe 1st of September each 
year print a complete list of all books adopted under this act showing maxi* 
retail prices and exchange prices and shall distribute such Ilste to county 
superintendents, who shall distribute them to dealers* agents and teachers to 
be posted In salesrooms and schoolhouses. 

8 * 0 . 20. The books adopted by the commlsalon ahall be used In that county 
to the exciUBloh of all others for a period of five years ; supplemental books 
may be used, but not to the exclusion of the adopted booka 

S*c. 21. Before the publlshec of any textbook ahall offer the same for sale 
to any county textbook commission he shall file a copy of the tertbook with 
the State Bupe^lntendent with a sworn statement of the lowe^ net price at 
which said book Is sold by contract anywhere In the Unled SUtea He shall 
also agree to fnmlsh said book to designated agents at the prices filed, and to 
further reduce the price If reductions are made elsewhere, and thnt the books 
sold in Kentucky shall be equal in quality to the specimens deposited with the 
State superintendent. 

S*a 22. Relates to proceedings to recover damages for vloIaUon of said • 
agreement 

Sbo. 28. Piling fee of |6 shall be paid by publlshey for each book or teries 
deposited. Moneys so received shall be used for priiklng and other Inddental 
purposes Qpimected with operation of thl^ act ' 

8m. 24r Bach publisher who files such samples and lists shall also file a 
sworn statement that he has no combination or agreement with any other pub- 
lisher for tbe purpose of controlling prices or restricting competition. 

8*0. 26. Forfdtupe of bond and revocation of authority to sell books In tbe 
State to be the penalty for entering into such combination. 

Sea 26. Forbids publishers and theif agents to contribute to any political 
campaign fund, and provides a penalty. 

S*a 27. Forbids members of county textbook commissions to solicit or ac- 
cept gifts from publishers and provides a penalty. r 

8*0. 28. A bond bf from two to ten thousand dollars shall be filed by each 
publisher to Insqre compliance with the provisions of this act 

8*0. 29. Provides a penalty for offering books for adoption without pre- 
viously qualUying. 

. 8sa 89. The b<Mmi of educadon of any Incorporated city shall constitute the 
textbook commission for that dty. 

8*0. SL The iffoyislohi of this law shall also apply to corporations, firms, 
c* individnals ooDcenaed in tbe selection, adoption, sale, or nee of common- 
isdkpol -textbooks hi jcities of the fitet four daaoes. ^ , 

, Repeals Oo^ctiug laws; provides for tbe completion of contracts 

/ ■ : ; ^ ' Ck 18,-Mar; 15,*1910. '■ 




TUTBOOKB AJTD 8T7PPUS8. 


197 


Lonifflaiia: An act to reqnlro the aoTernor, by and with the oonaont of the 


senate, to appoint a State textbook committee, etc. ^ 

Sbction 1 The gOTernor,,ky and with the conaent of the senate, Aall 
appoint aoTen edutfatora of known character and ability, each of whom 
shall hold parish saperlntend^it'a ell^blUty certificates, a flrrt-grade teacher's 
certificate, or the eQolTaleht, one to be selected froip each of the aeven con* 
greeslonal districts, who, together with the State soperlntwdent of public 
education, shall constitute the State textbook committee. 

Sac. 2. The State . superlntendeni of public education shall be ex offldo 
chairman and shall serve without compensation. The other members ahnu 
receive $6 per diem and their traveling expenses when away l^m their homes 
on the business of the committee, provided that they shall hot be paid for 
more than 20 days* service In any adoption. Their tfrm of office ■hyii be six 
years. * » 

Sko. 3. The said committee shall examine the merits of jiew pabllc*schooI 
books as they come from the press and determine in every*^way whether the 
books that are In use In the public schools of the State are giving satlafaction. 

Sec. 4. Members shall Qualify; take oath; organize. 

Sec. 6 . The said committee shall meet on the second Monday In Jantiary of 
the year In which an adoption of textbooks Is to be made by the State board 
of education, shall examine all textbooks submitted, and shall make report to 
the State board of education on or before the first Monday In March. For the 
purpose of considering said report and of adopting textbooks for use In the 
public schools Uie State board of education shall meet the second Monday In 
April of each year In which an adoption la made. 

Sec. 6 . The adoption of elementary textbooks and high-school books shall be 
made in periods of three years apart The first adoption of high-school text- 
books shall be made In 1913, and the first adoption of elemratary textbooks - 
shall be made In 1916. Present contracts shall be extended accordingly. 

Sec. 7. The said commute U Its report .shall classify all books examined 
Into three classes, designated lilthe order of merit Said committee may also 
recomm«id for adoption library, refeVence, and supplementary reading books. 

Sec. 8. Thd State board of education shall adopt a uniform series of text- ' 
v9tKK>ks for six years and shall be limited in such adoption to those recom- 
mended by the textbook committee. Not more than three subjects or parts of 
subjects of the elementary grades and not more than two of the following 
high-school Bubjectk may be changed at any one adoption, namely, alg^ra, 
English grammar, composition and rhetoric, botany, zoology, chemistry, geom- 
etry, American history, ancient history, medieval and modem history. Of 
other high-school subjects not more than five may be changed at one time. 
Any textbook may be changed at any time upon the written request of 40 
parish school boards. All contracts for adoption of textbooks shall cover a 
period of six years. The State board of education shall strictly enforce a 
uniformity of all textbooks In all public schoola during the terms of such 
contract * ^ 

Sw. 0. The procedure for the announcement of bids, awarding con- 


• Minnesota (1911): Besolutlon of board of school inspectors of 8t Paul, 
adopting for three years a certain textbook, held not to prevent the board 
from legally changing such textbook within such period.M3chroeder r. City of 
St. Paul. 132 N, W„ 817. " 

Mississippi: An act to amend section* 4606 of the Code of 1906, in regard to 
the establlfibment of book depositories and county agendee. 

ProvldM thet textbook contractors shall make arrangements for the sale 
of their books wiUl two or more bookeellers or mes^ants as ag«its in towns . 
of 2,000 6r more . Inhabitants, Jf said contosetors and merdbants agree as to 
toms and ctmditiona a^t shall 'ekeente a IK^ to thk ^tra^^ 




198 


BDUOATIOKi^XBOIBLlTlON Am> DEOISIOOT. 


conditioned on the faithfol*perfonnace of his trust as No contractot 

shall give to any agent any adrantage orer other agents In c^tyact or terms. 

Oh. 219, ^pr. 14, 1910. 

Mississippi; State textbook board commission shall not change more thar^ 25 
petvC^t of books at any State adoption. Ob. 168, Feb. 9, 1912. 

L. SUBJECT MATTER OF INSTRUCTION. 


(a) General. 

Bflchigan: See A (5). 

North Dakota; Requiring a more thorough and comprehenstve system of In- 
struction. in all comnaon and high schola. 

Requires each pupil to devote 16 minutes daily to practice iik writing. Pro- 
hibits any high-school pupil to change his course of study except by permls- 
Blon of the superintendent, or upon request of the parents or guardian of said 
pupil. The superintendent shall cause each senior class during the second 
semester to review the entire course of the grammer grades. 

‘ • Oh. 264, Mar. 6, 1911. 

North Dakota ; A (a). ' 

WUcoDsin: Amending section 447 of the. Statutes, relating to the branches to 
be taught in every district school. > 

Prefixes the word “ English” to the word “grammar ” In the old law nnd 
directs that the ndditlonal subjects, English composition and civil govem- 
m«it of the United States and the State of Wisconsin, be taught V 

Ch, 400, June 16, 1911. 


Vs; 


(b) History, Civics, and Patriotism. 

Maine: Amending un act relating to compiling and teaching local history and 
local geography. ' 

Authorizes State librarian to expend portion o^^propriation for cata- 
loging historical material In the possession of the Sta£ 

Ch. 169, Mar. 30. 1911. 

New Mexico: To encourage Instruction Iq the history and civics of the United 
States, with special reference to history and dvics of New Mexico. 

No certificate of first and second grades shall be granted by the St^te 
'board unless the teacher shall have passed an examination in the history 
and civics of the United States, as well as In the history and civics of New 
Mexico. , 

Instruction Ip '^aid subjecte shall be givmx In the public schools orally and 
with a textbook to be adoptn by the State board of education. 

The history and civics of New Mexico shall be prepared by a known his- 
torian of the State, and sold at price not to exceed $1. 

Oh. 4l, Jane S, 1912. 


^ (c) Physical Education* * 

Michigan: Providing fbr physical training in the State normal schools and in 
* certain dty djstrictai 

. Physical training shall be included in the branches to be regularly taught 
to public schoiHs Id dty school districts having a population more than 
^ 10,^ and In tha State normal schools, subject to such rules and reg^tions 
as the sui^datendent of 'Public instraction may prescrlte. and it shall jim 
the hoards ctf odu^E^pisL snch sdin ayml brldm and d th# 




StJBJEOT MATTE& OF IN8TBUCTION. 199 

State board of educadoa to make provlBlons In the schools and InstltutloiiB 
under their jurisdiction for the introduction of a systematic and edoostional 
course of physical training; to engage competent instructors; to provide the 
necessary equipments; to estabUsh and conduct some; and to adopts such 
methods as shall adapt the same to the capacity of the pupils In the various 
srrades therein; and other boards may make such provisions. The corrlcu- 
lum^ln all normal schools of this State shall contain a regular teacherTs 
course on physical education under competent jurisdlctloau 

-No. 40, Mar. 31, 19U. 

'Hichlgan: Bee O (b). ► ^ • 

Wisconsin; Repealing section 658a of the Statutes, and creating action 568a of 
the Statutes, relating to physical education. 

Section 553a. 1^ Physical education as used herein is defined as instmo 
tion In the theory and practice in the art of physical exercise and Instruc- 
tion in hygiene. 

Z School boards, or boards of education In school districts, embracing In 
whole or in part an incorporated city shall make provision for the training 
of Jill pupils under their jurisdiction In physical education. The school 
boards In other school districts, separately or jointly, may make the same 
provision. 

3. The board of regents of the State normal schools shall provide and 
shall require a definite and thorough course In the theory and art of physical 
education and instruction In games and playground management to be 
taught In every State normal school. Examination In this branch shall be 
required of all candidates for normal-school diploma and normal^scbool 
certificate, the same as In other branches of study of the normal-school conrse 
of study. 

4. The county training-school board of each and every ^ounty .training 
school for teachers now or hereafter to he organized in this State shall require 
a course of Instruction In physical educadon and Instruction in games and 
playground management to be taught In every county training school. 

Ch. 228, June 2, 1911. 



L. (d) Physiology; Hygiene; Alcohol; Narcotics; Other Health In- 
struction. 


Oallfomia; Providing the dissemination of knowledge among the people of 
Oalifomia as to the best means of preventing the spread of tubercnlosia 

Ch. 892. May 1, 1911. 

Masaachusetts: Resolved, That $1,000 be appropriated for the formation of a 
aroall traveling school tuberculosis exhibit to be used In the public schools 
throughout the State for purposes of InstAictlon |n hygiene and the pi^ven- 
tlon of tuberculosis. ' '-\|le 9 oIvea, Ch. 66, Apr. IS, 1910. 

Mliaissippl: Axx act requiring the State board of education to provide placards 
to be hung on the walls of public-school rooms, setting forth the effects of 
alcohol on the human system and means for the prevention and cnre of tuber- 
culosis, and further^ providing for the distribution of such placarda 

Ch. 123, Apr. 16, 1010. (Sept. 1, 1910.) 

New Jersey: A supplement to “An act concenilng tuberculosis,^ approved April 

21 , 


^ Appropriates annually $10,000 to be used by the State board of Ireelth fbr 
edncational and practical purposes In the study, treatment, and prevention 
of tuberculosis by (1) the publication and distribution of literature relating 
to the disease; (2) the creation and jDaWtenance of a State tubercalosia 
eszldblt, which' shall be at the disposal of all communities of the State ap- 
plying for the sam^; (8) the maintenapof of ap^al tubercuioais hup^brsi 
A ' ^ Ot ^14 Mar. .14, 1910^^^^^^^ 



200 


SDX70ATI0KAL LEQISLATIOH^ijn) DB0IBI0N8. 


Mew-McKleo: The nature and effects of alcoholic drinks and narcotics shall 
taught as a substantial study, with a textbook, In all public schools an 
all pupils thereof; also In the State educational Institutions, in the New 
Mexico Befomi School, and In all teachers’ InsUtutea 

No certlflcate shall be granted to teach unless applicant has passed an 
- examination to enable him properly to teach said branches. 

Ch. 30. June $. 1012. 

appU^toTSTw sulwtantlaUj the eame u United BtatM Uw of 1880. which 

PemisylTsnla: Establishing the office of State Are marshal ; defining his powers 
and duties; providing for his. compensation and the maintenance of his office; 
giving courts the power to punish witnesses fof contempt of his authority, and 
to review his orders ; and making It the duty of officers of public Instruction 
and persons in charge of public or private schools to Instruct children as to 
the ddnger^of fire and the preventions of fire waste. 

No. 264, June 3, 1911. 

Feaaayl^^a: Eequirlng fire drills In public schools. 

^ cJ{o. l86. May 12, 19U. 


Lll bp/^ 
uTIo 


L. (e) Moral and Ethical Education. 

4 

« £>elaware: Providing for moral and humane educaUon in the public schools. 

Every teacher In the public schools shall tench honesty, kindness JusUce 
and moral courage for the purpose of lessening crime and raising the standard 
^ K^^^cltlzaishlp. At least a half hour each week shall be given to In- 
struction in humane treatment of birds and animals. Experiments upon 
living creatures are forbidden. Dogs and cats shnll not be killed for purposes 
of dissection In school. Humane education shnll be Included In the Dromm 
of teachers’ lusmutes. City of Wilmington cxcepM from provisions of this 

^ Ch. 93, Apr. 19, 1011. 

•nUnola (1910) : The readjng of the Bible In a public school Is violative of 
Const., art. 8, sec. 3, probibitng the appropriation of any public fund In aid 
of any sectarian purpose. ^ 

The reading of the BjWe. singing of hymns, and the repeating of the E5fd’s 
pwyer In a public sch'^tj^B violative of Const., art. 2, sec. 3, guaranteeing the 
free exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and worship without dis- 
crimination.— People ex rel. liing et al. v. Bd. of Ed. of Diet 24, 92 N. BL, asi. 

Hlnnesotiu See 0 (5). * . , 


L. ^ Humane Treatment of Animale. 


DffKwert: Bee L (|Ji. 

O 0 


V 


L. (g) Music. 




Artoonm: Mnsle and drawing. 

jWstrlct trustees may employ special teachers of musltf and drawing. 
Graduatoe of approved ’schools of music and drawing may be licensed or' 
teacher most pass examination prescribed by State board of education. 

Gbap. Xx . United States flag. 

Shall be dlQ)layed daring pchodl houra 


!►.: - -V .. -'.A//' - '•'>*. - .T. • •/-' - . '>. ■ •- 



p 


SUBJECT MATTES OP INSTBUCTION 




201 

Pup^rlntendent shall prepcrlbe flag salate and patriotic exercises oP 
ppedal daya 

Does not authorize mlUtary drill In school hours. ^ 

-V. ^ Ch 77 (Ch. XIX), May 20, 191Z 

Mississippi; An act to ponnit separate school districts to introduce public- 
school music, drawing, and manual training into the gramma r-6cllf(||||^ grades. 

Ch. 126, Apr. 1^ lOia 


L. -(h) Drawing. 


4 




\ 


I 


(i) Tochnical, Manual, and Industrial Education* * 

i 

{See aUo 0 pa), (&), (c), and (d). 


i 


Arizona: Instruction may be given in any district In manual training, domestic 
science, and kindergarten If such subjects can be pursued witho^ excluding 
other Bubjects prescribed by law. Course of study In these subjects to be 
prescribed by State board of education. 


^xes for same may be included in annual esUmat#*s for district tax 
Board trustees of any district may provide ine( ruction in commercial 
branches. Ch. 77 (Ch. XXI), May- 20, 1012. 

California: Appropriating for the construction of a building to be used for In- 
struction In manual and industrial arts at the California Institution, for the 
Deaf and Blind. ^ ch. C66, May 1, 1911. 

Indiana: See A (a). , r . 

Maine: See 0 (a). 

Tnxas; See N (o). • 


(j) Agriculture. 

^oisiana: An act requiring that the principles of agriculture or horticulture 
and home and farm economy^ ahull be taught in all the elementafy and 
secondary schoqls of the Stiite of Ix)Ui8iana. Act No. 306, July 7, 1910. ^ 

Louisiana: Appropriating $50,000 annually for the aid and support of depart 
m«ts of agriculture and domestic science In the public schools of Louisiana. 


Act No, 180 of 1912. 

Louisiana; Authorizing the police juries of the several parishes to establish 
and maintain experimental farms. Act No. 146, 1012. 


l^sachusetts: Resolved to provide for an Investigation of the pmcUcablUty 
and desirability of establishing a farm school in the city of Worcester. 

The board of ed\icntlon to report upon the establishment of a farm school 
for teaching the raising of fruits, vegetables, flowers, grains, plants, and trees, 
and<he care of domestic animala Resolves, ch. 108, May 28, 1910. 

Massachusetts; HeSolved, That the board of education is hereby authorized 
and directed to Investigate the advisability of establishing a system of agri- 
cultural schools throughout the Oommbnwdalth, and to report the res^t, 
with Its recommendations, to the next general court 


ACBuivoD, cu. 100, June lu, itflU. 


Minnesota: Providing for' the observrfnce of Minnesota Day 

^ day shall be. designated annually by the superintendent of pdbllc In- 
ttrection, with the consent of the governor, and shall be observed In nR the 
pn^ schools of the State by e^rcisra tdlatlng to the geography, history, in- 

„ : Oh. 81, Apr, k, . 






::-iS 




202 


EDUCATIONAL LBGISLATION AND DBOISIONS. 



Nebraska: BBtabliahlng S^te Fire Day, the first Friday In Noyember. 

This day shall be observed by the public, private, and parochial schools of 
the State with appropriate exercises, » The chief deputy Are commissioner and 
the State superintendent of public . instruction shall prepare a book for the 
purpose of InstmctioD in fire dangers and fire prevention, and a copy of the 
same shall be furnished to each teacher. Every teacher and instructor In 
every , public, private, and parochial school shall devote not less than 30 
minutes In each school month to instruction In fire dangers and fire preven- 
A ^ Oh, 126, Apr. T, lOU. 

New York: CTeatlng a State advisory board In ^relation to agricultural educa- 
tion and conntry-llfe advancement. Ch, )S5, July 26, 1611. 

Virginia: An act provide for instruction In agriculture, domestic arts and 
sciences, and naanual training in public high schols. 

1. Be it enacted bj/ the General AMsemhly. of TiriTinia, That in at least one 
public high school, to be selected by the State board of education In each 
congressional district of the State, a thorough course In agriculture, the 
domestic arU'and sciences, and manual training shall be given in, addition 

to the academic course prescribed for such high schools, and at least one- ' 
fourth of the school time shall be devoted txyAbese subjects. 

2. Not less than^ acres of land, convenient to each of said schools, ^all be 
-acquired by lease, purchase, or domUion for the purpose of providing practical 

demonstration In agriculture science. The cultivation of these lands, as far as 
practicable, shall be done by the students themselves. A careful account shall 
be kept of the product of each student’s labor, showing how . It la dlspos^ 
of and the prices received on the products which are sold. The proceeds 
of such sales shall be applied or us^ under general regulations adopted by 
the district school board of the county In which the agricultural school is 
located, which regulations must be approved by the State^oard of education, 

3. Suitable buildings shall be provided and properly equipped for the pur- 
poses of said schools including woi-kshops. planned for practical Instruction 
In elementary manual training, in bench work, and In other forms of sbopwork 
applicable to rural life. . 

4 . All female students attending the high schools, provided for under this 
act shall be instructed In the domestic arts and sciences, add suitable equip- 
ment for such Instruction shall be provided by the district school boards out 
of the funds applicable to the maintemnee and equipment of the j»cbool.' 

Said female students may also Jake the agricultural course. If they 'so desire. 

6. The agricultural high schools estnbUshed undi.r this act may her used 
as centers for directing the demonstration farm work and other extension 
work throughout the hounds of the several congressional districts, and shall 
be condneted under such rules and regulations as the State board of educa- 
tion and the president of the Virginia College of Agriculture and Polytechnic 
Institute may prescribe, 

6. For the fisf^l year ending the 28th day of February. 1911, the sum of 

$80,000, or so much thereof as may be necessaryt is hereby appropriated out 
of the sum turned over to the State board of educatloq. for apportionment 
among the schools of the. primary and grammar grades, the said $30,000 to 
be used puirose of carrying out the provisions of this act 

7. For the fiscal year ending thi28th day of . February, 1612, and annually 
thereafter, the sdm of $80,000 is b'erebMppropriated but- of the sum turned 
over to the State cK)ard of education foMpportiqnment among the schools of 
the primary and grammar grades for the purpose of canning oqt the pro- 
visions of this act. And for the said last-named fiscal year the further sum " ■ 
of $26,000 Is hereby appropriated out of any mone> In the treasury not other- 
wise appropriated, to be used for Jhe special purpose of providing buildings * 

. and equlpmrat for said schoola And for the said laat-named fiscal year the 
farther sum of $10,000 Is Jiereby appropriated mt of the sum tu^ed over to 
the State board of education for apportionment among the ^ools of the pri- 
mary and grammar grades for the purpose of providing for the traveling, 
d^onstrotion, and extension work to 1^. connected with the said high school. ^ 
Aii.of ue sums appropriated by this j^tlon of this act shall be turned over to 
. State tmard of education, to be by that board apportlolM and expended as 


of tills act 


CSl 2^ Mar, 16, mO. 



8UBJB0T MATTBB OP INSTBUfcTION, 


208 


W/omlng; Oreatlng a board of f^rm commlaalcmert. 


Authorizes board to eimdoy a director of experiments in soil study, crop 


Massachusetts; Providing for the observance of June 14 fla Flag Day. 

, Hesolvesi ch. 4, Feb. 9, 191L 

South Dakota; DeOTlng ^monstratloD farms and providing for their location, 
maintenance, and management 


Sfction 1. An ngricoltural demonstration farm Is hereby defined* to mean 
n farm of not less than 40 acres where modem, scientific methods of farming, 
crop rotation, and accounting are carried on upon a farm-wide scale, nnder 
the suiHjrvisIon of the regents of education, for Uie purpose of demonstrating 
to the public the advantages of Increased profits, airi the benefit to the soil 
arising from the use of the modem, scientific agriculfc^l methods ns taught 
by the State College of Agrlcnlture* and Mechanic Arts and In 


Skc. 2. Every'demonstmtlon farm nnder this chapter must be carefully cal-' 
tivitted and conducted under the supervision of n competent supervisor to be 
appointed by the regents of edncntlon. and who shall visit each furm as fre- 
quently as Is convenient and take generaf supervisory management thereof. 
He shall provide a scheme for crop^tatlon upon each farm and prescribe. the 
rules for tlie preparation of the soU, and planting, cultivation, ijnd harvesting 
crops grown thereon. He must permit only pure seed of good quality and/^t 
least 90 per cent germination test to he planted upon any dbrnonstratfon firm, ' 
and must provide i\ careful and ncciirate system of accounts to be kept for 
each farm, and the regents may contract for payment to be made for the labor 
of keeping such accounts from* the demonstration-farm fund provided, not to 
exceed $1Q0 for each such farm. 

Sec. 3. If a . ufiSclent number of demonstration farms are established under 
this net to require more than one supervisor to care for the same, the regents 
of education may divide the State Into demonstration farm supervisor’s dis- 
tricts, provided that not more thnn three snch districts shall be established, 
not, more than two of which shall be In the section east of the Missouri River 
and one In the region west thereof, and no fnq>eniBor shall be appointed 
until there are at least 10 demonstration fnr;pR In 10 several counti^ requir- 
ing supervision, and provided further that no districts shall be IBlbllBhed 
until there are more thnn 20 demonstration. farms. 

• ■ Skc. 4. The supervisor of each demonstration farm shall make an annual 

report -njt the close of each calendar year jflpon the operation of each demon- 
stration farm and Include therein a statement of the products and the cost 
>and proceeds thereof: and he shall submit a copy thereof to the regepta of 
education .and another copy to the commissioners of the county wherein the 
, farm is located. The regents of education. In their biennial report to the 
governor sfinll Include a summary of these reports, ailiti, the county commis- 
sioners of each county shall have a safiUclent number of report upon the 
farm located In the respective county printed in a concise Ahtement that may 
' be given b| the county treasurer to each taxpayer In connection with bis tax 
receipt. * . 

. Sbo. 5. Any county during to avail Itself of the vnpervlslon of a demon- 
stration farm or farms under the provisions of this act ahalh'by a resolution 
of the county ^commlsrioners, bind Itsrif to continue the deflionstration for five 
years and^shall pay Into the State treasury at th# beginning o^ each year the 
som of $300 for each d^xnbnstration farm desired for such trounty, which sums * 
. so paid into the*treasmy are hereby appropriated to the board of regents for 
the supervision and maintenance of demonstration, farms In the -counties 
making such .payments, provided that no greater mtso' shall be expended In 
and on b^alf of any county than Is so nald ih by It, end provided that any 
sum npt’.expehded In any county In (me f ear. ehali be>ctMited to^ It noon it* 


pfoduptloD, etc. 


Ch. 88, Feb. 21, 101L 


L. (k) Days of Special Observance. 


Aancix L 


Institute^. 




804 


■DUOA.1XOFAL LKastAUOV AJTD DICISIOKB. 




*“.?• ?*■<* to toe (sreillt at any ceanty rtum be 

3^00^^*^*^ ‘wUtor teoed upon proper Toncbart approred by the re*enta || 

lanou n. *" 

?-.'P*** «>nnty commlaslonera of any county may conduct the 
I?”? ^ demonstration farm under the proTlsions of this act 

^ necessary bnlldlnga, machinery, tools, teams, 
and 8 ^ gr^ for the proper conduct of the same and shall contract 
ob^re the rules for cultivating the soil as shall be pre- 
■cri^ by ^ supervlaor selected for the purpoee by the regenCa of education. 

^wn upon such comity poortarm shall be the property of 
me «un^ wherein lo<^^, and any surplus ofsnch crops aball first be offered 

^ propagation, and the receipts from Such 
nies to be credited to the said demonstra^n farm. 

AancLx HL 

where there la ho county poor fanh, or wh® the 
ran Qty commissioners desire more than one demonstration farm, therei^^ of 
rtncaUon contract with any reputable fanner for the cultivation ^ farm 

• ?K-. TOuvenlenUy located, aa a demonstration farm, provided 

^ contUnie the experiment for at least five 
^rs^ to fnralah all necessary buUdlnga, labor, teams, tools, machinery. . 

^ fki** toe culUvatlon of such farm and shall agree to In !dl 

obser^the rules for the cultivation of such farm aa shaU be prescribed 
^“fi P®*T»Be bv the regents of education, pro- 
rtded th« sn^ tontract aball be approved by the county commlsaloneia of 
the county wherein snch farm U located. , v.muiio»iouerH ot 

8 * 0 . i The prodncts of snch farm be die property of tbe lessee, but 
pr^uced upon ancb farm suitable for seed purposes 
sballl^ offe^ for seed, at a reasonable price,' to the cltiaens of the countv 
produced, tfnt If not sold for such purpose before March 1 of the 
succeeding year may be disposed of otherwise. 

Ptot. or planting upon any demonstration farm conducted 
this act ^^1 be leglSly marked for the Information 
. . 2 ^?*°™ ®??h farms, and such farms shoU be at all proper hours o«en 

So““ ■" “» wlirj 

>* experimentation Indicntea tb^ wiU 

^ *>r seed at a reasonable nrlce 

to be fixed by the regents of education. Ch. 126, Mar!?, 1911 ! 

La (1) Other Specifil Sabject8h» 

OallConU: Amending section 1666a of the Pj»Utical Code. 

Adds Spanish to French, Oenmui, end Italian, which mast be tangbt In at 
least one sehool in erery cUy of the first cUss. Oh. 249, Mar. 22 , 19U. 

iadlsM; gee 4 (a).. 

M ases ch ttsettft An act relatlye to mllltaiy drill In public echoota. 

pupil be r^lred to tahe part la any milltaty exet^ 
snsrdl^ to of to^eilgiona doimnlnstlon conscientlonsly 
or if hia parent or guardian is himiwif consei^tionsly 

• .•Cfupnloui of bearing arnui and' so notified the echoed fn'«pi 4 in« 

ndf cwtllly In writing that in\klB opinlra 

^ *^2!{2S* *® the pnpu’a health. [Prevtouriy the*^ pnpU 
l^gniUor l^parent w gnartten cwiW aim either cerriUnahvi 

,1 ^ ‘ ’8W,';Mar. U, -lijia . . 


BPBqiAL T7FBB Of 80H00U 


205 


MMMchnMCU; An act to provide for oompolaoiy Instnictlon In thrift In the 
public eebools. 

TObJoct* raqulrea to be taught In the pobUc 
CJh. 824, May IS, 1910. 

Ma««»chnsetu: Anthoriiing^ auTlngs banka to recelTo deposits from school 
children. 

f^rovtdes for the or^^anizotion and conduct of school savinj^ banka 

Ch. 211, Mar. 28. 1911. 

Massachnaetta: Authorising Instruction In the public achoola In the appllcatiotA 

_ of surgical, remedies and first aid to the Injured. Ch. 247, Apr. 6, 1911. 

Montana: Requiring the Instruction of pupils In public, private,»nd parochial 
schools regarding fire dangers aud means of pre^ntlon of fires. 

y Oh. 24, Feb. 11, 1911. 

M. SPECIAL TYPES OF SCHOOL. 


New Tork: The commlssioi 
adult and minor aliens. 


(a) General. 

►tier of labor 

\ 


ir of labor may eatabllah and snperrtee clasees fOr 
Ch. 643, Apr. 19, 1912. 


(b) Kindergartens. 

» Indiana: Raising from 1 to 2 cents per 3100 the tax limit for free klndergartena. 
In clUes of over 6,000 Inhabitants. Qi. jj,, j iqjj^ 

Washington: Authorizing district-school directors in dtstrloti of the first and 
second classes to establish klndergart«<Vwlthout submitting Uie question of 
such establishment to the voters of the district Ch. 82, Mar. 18, 191L 


^ (c) Evening Schools. 

Indiana; Providing for the matutenance of night schools In cities of over 8.000 
Inhabitants. 

“OW Inhabltanta having chlldrwi 
^ ^ nec^rlly employed dnrlng the day who will a^^nd such 
. , Oh. 206, Mar. «. 1911. 

Maryland: Relating tasCvening schools In Bal^mon Oonniy.' 

evenly schools shaU be opened In *&ritljnorc County tor study of 
rudimentary branches of knowledge, Indndlng reading: wrlOnt and aril^ 
metlc,Vbd snch advanced ^dles as may be'advtsabla ^ 

The of school commissioners of Baltimore County shall provide and 
dealipiate tte nec^ry school bnlldlngs for use of evening aSwla 
8u^ Bchwis ahall bo open to males of not lesa than 12 yean of Vga.* 

The s aid board have full power to appoint and fix 'the aa^ea of the 

rsK’iSSflJa 'tSS.?'”'' »" MU 







206 * 


KDUOATIONAL LBOISLATIOK AKD DEOISIOKS. 


Tbe said board of county school oommlsaloners shall provide books and 
stationery required for snch scbools and ahall pay fbr the lighting and heat- 
lug of bnlldlnga 

All necessary expenses ahall be paid out of the public school funds of 
Baltimore County. Ch. 69, Apr. 1, 1910. 

Non. — ^Tbe board of achool commissioners wer« prevloaalr authorised tn general 
terma to establlab night schools in scboolhooBes, and to pay tbe expensea thereof In 
the same manner aa ue expensea of day Khoola. 

Massachoaetta: Rein ting to the payment of a fee for ipstructioD In evening 
schools. 

School board may require a fee |1 from persons not required by law to 
attend. ^ Cb. 309, Apr. 20, 1911. 

Oregon: Requiring school boards In districts of the first class to maintain a 
continuation evening school. 

Such school shall be open free to any resident not a pupil of a day school 
without restriction as to age or citizenship. Cb. 211, Feb. 23, 1911. 


M. (d) Vacation Schools; Playgrounds; Social Centers. 


Indiana: Providing for the establishment, maintenance, and equipment of 
public playgrounds, public* baths, and . public-comfort stations in cities of 
.the first class 

* . ■ , 

The boards of health and charities of such cities may establish and control 
the same. The school commlsslonets and park commissioners may permit 
use of public grounds under their control for purposes stated, hireot mnu- 
agement by a commissioner of public playgrounds, public baths, and public- 
comfort stations, who shall select directors and assistants. Common council 
of city shall levy annual tax of one-half cent on $100 for said puri) 08 e 8 . 

Ch. 163, Mar. 4, 1911. 


Kansas: Authorlzlug the board of commissioners of cities to levy an annual 
tax not exceeding 1 mill for public parks and play^ounda 

Ch. 100, ^fa^. 14, 1911. 


Maryland: Land may be condemned for playgrounds and other school pur- 
poses, the same as for a school building site. Maximum 5 acres (instead of 
1 acre) Including land occupied by school building. Cb. 632. Apr. 11, 1912. 

Massachasetts: An act relative to the powers of dtles and towns in respect to , 
. playgrouhOs abd phyBl<»l education. 

ionends previous laws to enable any city or town to prepare, equip, and 
maintain public playgrounds, and for the purpose to acquire lands or tp use 
any land olrrady b^onging to the dty ; and to conduct and promote thereon 
play, sport, and ph^cal education, and to appropriate money and employ* 
such teachers, supervisors, and other officials as It deems best. Tbq dty or 
town shall determine whether the administration of such playgrounds shall 
be vested in the board of park commissioners, or In the school committee, or 
In a playground commission appointed by the mayor or selectmen, or whether 
U be dlatributed betwOen the three bodies, Ch. 608, May 12, 1910. 

MassachoseUst Relating to the tue of school halls for other than school pur- 
^poeea' 








Bi^on X. The schoql committee of any city or town which accepts the 
provliloiia of this act may grant the temporary use of balls in school build- 
ings upon inch terms and conditions and for such public or.educadonal pur- 
poses, Ibr which^no admtsskin fee is' charged, as the said school committee 
may deem wise: iYoofdod* koioeoef , That such^ue tfuiU nqt In aiiy way tn- 
ternre or be inconslsteni with ttie use of the balls for achool purposes, 

/ tihe effect In a £lty u^u Its acceptance by a two* 

thiiw Ibe mediibeft of each bHindk of tM city, bbundl or corresponding 

bidy.of and yotlng, and upow.the approval of the mayor; 

the , 


SPECIAL TYPBB OF SCHOOL* 


. 207 


TOters of the town present mid voting thereon «t an annual town meeting or 
at a special meeting called for the purpose. Ch. 367, Apr. ioii 

Maasachiisetta : Autborlziiig school commltt^: to expend money for the super* 
Tlalon of ^rts. ^ ch. 814. Apr. 20. 191L 

Maasachnsetts: Boston c^mmlsston may conduct edncational and recreational 
activities in or upon scliool property. May expend therefor a sum equal to 2 
cents upon each $1,000 valuation, ch. 195. Mar. 6. 1912. 

Massachusetts: Ajiy town over 5.000 population may vote to maintain one or 
more public playgrounds. May acquire land for same. 

Ch. 223. Mar 9 1912 

Michigan: Providing for the formation of corporaUons with power to 'acquire 
and maintain property for playgrounds and hold the same and the proceeds 
thereof In trust for municlpalltl^ 

Municipal corporations may appropriate moneys for the uses of such cor- 
* No. 161, Apr. 26. 1911. 

Minnesota: Authorizing any.clty having a population of over 50.000 Inhabitants 
to exchange lands acquired for x>arks or playgrounds. Ch. 26, Mar. 16. 1911. 

MInnesoU: Authorizing cities containing 10,000 or more inhabitants to provide 
and maintain public parks and plbygrounds. 


Such cities may acquire lands outside their corporate limits for 'said 
purposes. 105 

MinnesoU: Authorizing cities having a population of over 60.000 Inhabitants to 
condemn lands for public ploygrounds. Ch.*162, Apr. 16. 1911. 

MinnesoU: Authorizing the transfer from the State of a certain tract 6f land 
ia the city of St. Panl to said city, to be used as a playground for children. 

C^. 163, Apr. 16. 1911. 

Minnesota: Authorizing cities containing over 50,000 inhnMUnte to Issue bonds 
and acquire lands for playgrounds and educational purposes. 

Ch. 164. Apr. 16, 1911. 

New Hampshire: Amending chapter 40, section 4, of the Public Statutes.', 

Anthorlzes towns ut any legal meeting to grant such sums as they shall 
judge necessary to establish, equip, and malutain public playgrounds. 

Ch. 146. Apr. 14, 1911. 


New Hampshire: Enlarging the powers of the school committee of the dty of 
Manchester in respect to physical education. 

Authorizes the school committee to provide gymnasia, athletic fields, and 
playgrounds. ch. 256, . Fd). 2, 191L 


New Jersey: An act concerning playgrounds and recreation places In this 
State pad providing the establishment, equi(Mneiit, maintenance, control, 
uae, and regulation thereof. 


“L In any city, town« borough, village, or other municipality of this State,, 
the mayor, chairman, or other officer having the power of appointment of such 
mmUcipality may. in his discretion, appohit not less than three nor more than 
five fit and imitable~per80ii8, dtlzens. anoresldents of such municipality, who 
shall be confirmed by the common council or other governing body of such 
mnnlcipaUty, as commissioners of playgroutij^ And who shitll constitute, and 
be known as the board of ptaygroand commltaionerH^of such municIpaUty. 
The c omn l 1 s sioners first *appointed under this act. in any munldpaUty shall 
hold office for the term of one.'^ty^, three^ four, and five years, resnectivelyv 
accM^ to the number appointed, as fixed and designated by the mam, 
chsfhnsn, or other officer In tbMr restive appointments, and after the first 
appointments such cmmnlssloners ^Okali be appointed for the full.t^ of thita 
oc five /ears, according to tbs nuinber. appointed;, vacancies shaU be.iUled for 


208 


BDfirOATEOHAL LBOlBLAIIOir AKB DSOIBIOKB. 


t ^ ptayfToonfl commissionerB shall have power to aeonlrt 

lan^ to Paldfc playgrounds and recreation places, by gift or purchase, and 
It SMU he the duty of such board from time to time to select lands for public 
wygroimds and recreation places, and when deemed necessary or advisable 
boa rd to select lands for an approach or approaches by way of ingress 
and egress to and from said land acquired under ^the provisions of thi« act of 
such ate and dimwisions as they shall think sultahle, regard being had to the 
pDpnlation of the neighborhood, and to cause surveys and maps to be made 
uereof together with the careful estimate, as nearly accurate as may be, of 
the probable costa of acquiring said lands, and. a statement of the annual 
rental and duration of term If it is proposed to lease the same, togetller with 
an estimate of the cost of preparing said lands and suitably equipping the 
same by the erection of buildings, stands, seats, and other structures and ap- 
paratus for such playgrounds and recfeatlon plac^, which surveys, maps, and 
estimates shall be submitted to the common coundi or other body of such 
municipality having control of the finances with a request that an appropria- 
tion be made for the purpose of acquiring or leasing said lands, as the 
may be, and suitably preparing and equlpiflng the sam^ 

“3. If the common council or other body of such munidpality by resolu- 
tion authorise the acquisition of the said lands and appropriate^a sum for the 
purchase and equipment thereof, or authorize the leasing thereof and appro- 
priate a sum for the equlpmoit thereof, the board shall proceed to acqulie 
said lands by purchase or condemnation, or lease the same, as the case may Mr 
and suitably to prepare and equip the same for a playground and recreation 
place, or approach thereto as aforesaid. If said board is unable to agrae with 
the owner or owners of said land as to the price and terms' pf purchase, or If, 
by reason of any legal disability, or if the abs^ce of any owner or owners 
thereof, for any other causa an agreement for the'purchase of said lands 
or any part thereof, or any ri^ts or Interests therein can not be made, then 
said board may cause said lands or any rights or interests therein to be con- 
demned and taken on behalf of such dmniclpality ; and the compensation to 
be made therefor shall be ascertained and paid or tendered in the manner pro- 
vided in an act of the Legislature of the State of Jersey witltled *An act 
to regulate the ascerialnment and payn>ent of comt^&isalion for property con- 
demned or taken for public use (Revision of 1900 >,* approved March 20, 1900, 
and the acts amendatory thereof and supplemental thereto, or as may« here- 
after be provided by law, and said board may cause any lands so acquired to 
bo laid out and Improved as a public playground, recreation place, or an ap- 
proach thereto as sforesald. The title to all lands acqulre^or token under 
the proVlBlons of this act shall vest In the municipality, and all lease of land 
for the purpose of this act shall be In the name of the city. 

“4. The board of playground commtasioners shall have full control over all 
lands, playgrounds, and recreation places acquired or leased under the pro- 
vtslons of this act and may adopt suitable rules, regulations,. and by-laws fbr 
the^nse thereof, and the conduct of all persons while on or using the same; 
and any person or persons who shall violate any of such rules, regulations, 
•or by-laws shall be deemed and .adjudged to be a disorderly person. The cus- 
todians, supervisors, and assistants appointed by the board shall, while on 
duty and for the purpose bf preserving order and t^e observance of the rules, 
rmlations, and. by-laws of. the board, have all the power and authority of 
police olDcers of the respective munidpfilltles in and for which they are sev- 
erally appointed. The said Mard may appoint a secretary or clerk, and sodh 
number of custodians^ supervisors, and assistants for the several playgrounds 
and recreation places under its control as they shall think necessary, and fix 
and' determine the salaries of the sama 

The common #nncU other* bo^ having control of the finances of* 
each municipality having playgrounds and recreation places shall annually 
fix, determine, and approt^te a sum sufficient for the care, custody, policing, 
and maintenance of snch. playgrounds and recreation places, and for the ex- 
psDMs of the several boards of commissioners, which sum shall be raised by 
taxation as other taxes are raised In such muntcipaliUea The ^mmon coun- 
^ or othtf body havlnf /control of the finances shall (govids a snttablsdfilcs 
mr offices for isid'boara'of playgroundj»>mmi8sldnera 
. "d. Ihsjam or gams ofmousy necessary to pay for lauds purchased orooii- 
^ and recreation pfsoes, and for providing and 

" ^ f the same, provided by tim 


SPEOIAI. TYPfcS OP SCHOOL. 


200 


as other taxes are raised and lerled, or by the tasae of temporarr lean 
bonds, or by the issue of permanent bonds of the particular municipality. If 
permanent bonds are Issued they shall be for not less than 80 nor more than 
K not exceeding 4 per centum per annum, and tfttll 

be sold for not less than par value. If permanent bonds are issued there 
shall be raised each year hj general taxation by the municipality Issuing the 
taxes are raised and levied, a sum sufficient to pay the annual 
Interest and also a sum for a sinking fund for such bonds sufficient to meet, 
pay, a^ retire the same at n^atuiity If temporary loan bonds are issued, 
th^ shall be so issued that at least one-fifileth thweof shall be due and ntTi 
and there ahall be raised each year by general taxatlouba sum 
wfflclent to pay and retire the temporary loan bonds falling due that year. 
^ji*S***^f^ received by the said board ahall be paid over to the city treasurer 
and w by him kept in a special fund which shall be under the control of mid 
board and used only for the purpose of defraying the expenses of Improving, 
maintaining, or policing the playgrounds and recreation places of said munici- 
pality and other expenses of said board. 


4 * boart of playground commIssloneK In order to provide the funds, 

in whore or In part, necessary to Improvef maintain, and police the play- 
grounds or recreation places under Its control, shall have the power and 
auttorlty to arrange and provide for the giving of outdoor exhlbltlone, con- 
certs, games, and contests, and the power and authority to use and. employ 
Mid playgrounds or recreation »#iaces for the purpose of giving thereon out- 
dwr exhibitions, concerts, gafhes. and contests, and the said board shall have 
the power and authority to charge and collec-t a reasonable admission fee for 
each i>er8on entering such playground or recreation place during the time or 
ttmes when the same is being used 6t employed for such purposes; ^r<yvi4ed, 
however, that the said board shall not use or employ any such playgronnl or 
recreation pHace for such purpose for a greater period than eight hours In 
any week, nor on more tflan two days in any one week, and when any such 
playground or recreation place is used for such purpose no admission ffee 
shall be charged or collected from children under 12 years of age. 

**a Kach section of this act and every part of each section are hereby de- 
clared to be Independent sections and parts of sections, and the holding of 
any section or pert thereof to be voW. Ineffective or unconstitutional for any 
cause shall not affect any other section or part thereof. All acta and parts 
of acts Inconsistent wttbrthe provisions of this act. be and the same are 
hereby repealed, and this act shall tab^e effect Immediately.” 


Ch, 308, May 1, 1911. 

New Jersey: Appointment of municipal playground commissioners made by 
executive officer need not be confirmed by the county council. 


Ch, 267, Mar. 28. 1912. 


New Jersey: Land not needed for school qUes may be transferred by city 
Iffiards of education to park board for public park or playground. 


tn, 3 U 0 , Apr. 1, 1912. 

New Jersey: County jikrk commissioners may establlsb In any county park In 
a city of the second class a ” recreation building.’" Ch. 3^ Apr. 1, 1912. 

New Jersey: Park commissioners In certain counties may construct snd main- 
tain In any park under their control a recreation building. * ^ , 


County may borrow money and issue bonda Ch. 420, May IS, 1W2, ' 

New Tork: Amending the education law. 

Sxcmoif 310. Magees It the ‘duty of the boards of education of union free- 
school districts to purchase land for recreation grounds when designated by a 
meeting of the district 140, Apr. 22, 19ia 

New Tork: Am^idlng the Greater New Tork charter In relation to establlsh- 
. lag a public recreation oommtsaipn. 

"%nthorlsea the mayor to appoint a recreation oommlssloa cohststlngof seven 
members, to uve supetrislon and control over playgrounds, etc. 

Gh. 068, Jane 80, lOU; 


210 


EDUCATIONAL LEGI8LATTOK AND DECISIONS. 


North Dakota: Prohibiting baU games and other sports before 2 p. m, on 
Memortal Dny. 190^ ^ 

Ohio: EmjM>wering boiirds of ed oca Don to secure playgrounds 

’ H, B, No, 286, p. 419, June 7. 191L 

Pennsylranla: “A supplement to an act, entitled ‘An act to provide for the 
better government of citl^ of the first class in this Commonwealth,* approved 
the 1st day of June, 1886; authorizing and establishing a board of recreation 
for the creation, organization, care, management, conduct, and supervision of 
recrration facilities of cities of the first class, except as herein provided, 

enacted, etc,. That there shaU be establlahed In cities of 
the first class a departm^t of recreation, which shall be under the charge of 
seven (7) directors, yho shall be known as the Board of Recreation, 

** Sic, 2. The board of recreation shall cbnsist of the mayor, the director of 
the deportment of public health and charities, and five (6) resident citizens, 
who shall be appointed by the mayor. Those first selected shall be appointed 
two for the term of one year, two for the term of two years, and one for the 
term of three years, from the first Monday of June, 19U, and thereafter their 
Bucceasora shall be appointed for a term of three (3) years from the date of 
expiraUoh of their predecessors* terms, or at the pleasure of the mayor; ex- 
cept In the case of appointments to fill vacancies during the term, which shall 
be for the unexpired portion thereof. All such appointees may be removed by 
the mayor at his pleasure, 

“ Sec, 3. The members of the board of recreation shall serve without com- 
pensation; arid from their own number shall elect a president, secretary, and 
other nece^ry officers, to serve for one year or until their successors are 
tiected. The board of recreation shall have power to adopt rules of procedure 
and prescribe regulations for the conduct of all business within Its jurisdic- 
tion, Four (4) members of the board shall constitute a quorum. The 
president hhall have power to sign warrants and perform such other executive 
duties for the board as It shall authorize him to perform. The councils of 
said cities shall appropriate annually the funds that they deem necessary for 
' the maintensTice and operation of said department, and from time to time 
♦ such additional funds as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of 
this act t 

“ Sia 4. The board of recreation shall have power to create, organize, man- 
age, and supervise the various playgrounds, recreation centers, municipal 
fluatiiig baths, bathing grounds, and recreation piers which may, be estab- 
lished at the present time or from time to time authorized by councils or 
donated by private Individuals or assoclatloos and accepted by such cities ; and 
to plan and recommend by regular reports to the city government, and. after 
appropriate action by ordinance, to create and develop, an adequate and com- 
plete kjrstem of playgrounds an^h recreation centers and related activities. 
The board of recreation shall also care for, conduct manage, and supervise 
such public bath bouses and related activities as may form constituent parts 
, of, or be used in connection with, or be used as auxiliaries to, a recreation 
^ center. 

“Sec. 6. Cities of the first class may. from time to time, by ordinance, 
transfer to the Jnrlsdlctlon of the department of recreation any parks, park- 
ways, grounds, or other properties adaptable for recreation purposes, or por- 
tions of such parks, parkways, grounds, or properties. 

** Sxo.11. Tlie board of recreation may, ft its own initiative, take charge of 
any grounds, with buildings thereon erected, the use of wbiph is offered to It 
temporarily by individuals or corporations, for^the purpose of using such 
grounds for public playgrounds and recreation activities. 

“ 8x0. 7. The board of recreation may assume the charge and care of school 
playgrounds during vacation periods IfV) requested by resolution of the board 
of education. 

** 8x0. 8. This act shall not limit nor affect In any way the anthorlUeS.here- 
iofore conferred by law upon any commission to lay out and Improve any pnb- 
lie perk In any dty of the first class now under the control of sudh commls- 
gy ; nor jfr ell It restrict In any way the full discretion of any commission In 
ai exseiition ef any trust by deed or wilL, Any sudix commission may d^ 






8PBGIAL TTFB8 OF SCHOOL. * 211 

Wte to the boarfl of recreatioii, and the board of recreation may aoemt 
legal charge of ^ groimds nnder the control of gnch commlaaloiL to be tiaed 
for playgrouiidfl and recreation potposea 

recreation abaU annually, three (8) months before 
theend of tiie financial year, make a report of Its proceedings during the 
I^ec^ ig year to the mayor, with such recommwidatlone of the development 
of playgrounds and recreation facilities, including additions {hereto, as it 
may deem advisable » 

“ P*rta of acts Inconslsteat herewith be, and the same 

are hereby repealed, Nq. 307, June 9, 1911. 

Rh^e Island: Authorizing the city of Providence to establ/sh public play- 
grounds and to hire not exceeding the sum of $150,000 for playground pur- 
. Ch. 733, Feb. 8, 1911 

Rhode Island: City conndl of Providence may provide for board of com- 
missioners to manage playgrounds of city. Board to be elected by council. 

Utah: see L(o). * ^h* 859, Apr. 17, 1912. 


Virginia: An act to, provide for pflbllc playgrounds in certain cities and townSL 

• 1. Every city and town having a fwpulatton of 10,000 or more, accepting the 

prodslons of this act, shall after. July 1, 1911, provide and maintain at 
l^st one pnbllc playground for each race, white and colored, for the recrea- 
tion and physical education of the minors of such city or town, and at Meant 
one play^ound for each race for every addltlonal'20,000 of its population. , 

2. In an such cities and towns the mayor shall, In his discretion, appoint 
three suitable persons, who shall be confirmed by the common council, to 
constitute the board of playground cotifmlesl oners of such city. Said com- 
missioners shall hold office for three years, the first appointments to be for 
one, two, and three years, respectively. They shall not receive any compen- 
satlon for their services 

hoard shall select suitable lands for such playgrounds, and 
Shan submit to the common council an estimate of the probable cost of pur- 
cnamng or renting and equipping the same. If the common council approve 
such purchase or rental and equipment and appropriate money therefor, the 
said commissioners shall proceed to acquire said land and suitably prenare 
and equip the same. ^ 

4. The board of playground commlaslMiers shall have fall control over said 
playgrounds and may make suitable rules and regulations for their use. 
Custodians and as^stants, while on duty, shall have police power. The said 
boaM may anoint a secretary and custodians and assistants, but the salaries 
of all such officers shall be fixed by the common conncll. 

6.^e c^mon cntyn of each city having playgronnrta shall annually 
Ostennlne and appropriate a sufficient sum for the care, policing, and main- 
tenance of such playgrounds, which sum shall be raised by taxation as other 
taxes are raised in such city. 

6. Money neceoaary for the purchase of lands and the equipment of the 
same as playgrounds may be raised by the Issue of bonds. Prescribes manner 
of making dlti>nrsements. etc. Ch. 264, Mar. 16. 1910. (July 1, 1011.) 

Wisconsin: Creating section 485e of the Statutes, 

“1, Boards of school directors in cities of the first,. second, or third class 
are hereby anthorlzed to establish sud maintain for children and adult pw- 
sons, in the scb^l buildings and on the grounds under the custody and man- 
agement of such boards, evening schools, vacation schools, rending rooms, 
llbraty stations, debating clubs, gymnasiums, public playgrounds, public baths, 
similar activities and accommodations to be determined by such boards.* 
wl^nt charge to the residents of such cities ralso to cooperate vrith com^ 
mimoners or ^rds having the custody and manag«neni In such cities of 
. public parks, Hbrnrles, museums, and pub|lc ,bulldtoge and grounds. of what- 
«v«r sort, and, by wMng arrangements sadSBractoty to such boai^ of school 


r 




212 EDUOATIOHAL LEGISLATION ANtt-i^lciSIONB. * 

'iff 

dlrectrfM and soch comnUaaloners or boards cototrolllng other public build- 
lugs ana gronndB, to provide the supervision, Instruction, and oversight neces- 
public educational and recreational activities, as described 
in this section, in bulFdlngs and upon grounds In the custody and under the 
ttana^ment of such commlsaioners or boards having charge of public narks. 
llbrarlM. mneenma. or public buildings and grounds, of whatever wrt. In 
such cities of the, first, second, or third class. 

directors shall neglect or refuse to proceed as 
authorized in ttls section, the question of their action, as herein authorized 
shpU upon petition to that effect, signed by not less than 10 per cent of the 
numb^ of voters voting at the lust school or other election In sucb city, be 
submltt^ to the electors of the school district at the next election of any 
® majority of the votes cast upon such proposition 
shall be In favor thereof, then the board of school directors shall proceed to 
. undertake and organize this work as authorized in this .section 

'• 8. Boards of sphool directors in cities of the first, second, or third class 
.shall n^port to the common council of such cities, at or before the meet- 
ing of such common council In September of each year, the amount of money 
required for the next fiscal year fqj^e support of the aforementioned activi- 
ties of a simliar nature which may have been previously determined upon bv 

sfinll he tlie duty of such commou 
council to levy and collect a tax upon all the property subject to taxation In 
said city, at the same time and in the same maimer as other taXes nre Ievle<l 
and collected by law. which shall be equal to the amount of money so required 
for such purposes by the said board of school directors as provided in this 
section: Provided, That the tax .so levied upon each dollar oflbe as-sessed 
valuation of all property, real and personal, In said city subject to taxation 
shall not in any one year exbeed two-tenths mill for the purpose of the activi- 
ties hereinbefore mentioned in this section and other simirhr activities which 
have been determined upon by such board of school directors of each 
city. Theyfiald tax shall not be used or appropriated, directly or Indirectly 
for any qther purpose than that provided in this section. « 

“4. All moneys r(v-eiyed by or raised in ipch citv for the aforementioned 
purpose shall be paid over to the city treasurer, to be disbursed by him on 
orders of such board of school directors in such city, countersigned by the 
TOmptroller In the same manner that other funds at the disposal of such 
board of school directors In such city are disbursed by them. But the tax 
provided for In this section shall not be levied qr collected nor shall the 
board of school directors, ms provided Ip. this section, have iiuthority to re- 
quire the levy and collection of such tax until after the question of the levy 
and collection of such tax shall have been submitted to the qualified school 
Rectors of such city at some regular or special election and shnll have been 
l^vorably voted upon by n majority of those voting upon such question at 
such election. The question as to the levy and collection of such special tax 
qhall be Submitted to the voters In the usual manner upon request of the 
board of school directors In such city, or the question of the levy of such tax 
shall ^be submitted upon a petition to that effect, signed by not less than 10 
per cent of the number of voterh voting at the. Inst school election held 
previously In such city. 

*‘5. After the question of the levy and' collection of such special tax has 
been submitted to and approved by the voters ns' provided In this section, the 
authority' shal 1 remain, and sucb tax shnll he levied and collected annually 
until sudi time as the voters of the school district of such city shall by 
majority vote, order the discontinuance of the levy and collection of such tax 
The question of the discontinuance of the levy and collection of such tax shall 
be submitted to the voters In the same manner anfi under tlie same condi- 
proposition to authorize the levy and collection of the wild tax 
Or^The board of school directors in any city covered by this section is 
also empowered to receive and expend for the purposes of this section any 
Mma OT apprppriajed and liimed over to them by the common couticil 4 

or fucn my for pneb purposes; and the common council of such city shall ' 

the board of school directors 
of the echMl district ot nich city any reasonable suou of money which the 


S13 


» ‘ 8PBCIAL TYPES OP SCHOOL; 

council nay dealre to approprlnte out of the gccoenl fund of 

hereto tot“5rorto™ school directors for the purposes 

Herein set forth. q, ^qq g^j 

Wisconsin; CreatlUjg section 636d of the Statutes, relating to the use of schools, 
public buildings, and public property for public meetings 

Ch. B14, July 8, lOlL 


M. (e) University and School Extension; Public Lectures. 

bllnnesota: Authorizing any City of not more than 10.000 Inhabitants to fur- 
nish educational and musical entertainment for its Inhabitants. 

City council may appropriate not over |200 annually for such purpose. 

^ Ch. 166, Apr. 16, 1911. ' 

Rhode Island; The city of Providence may spend $2,000 (under school commis- 
sion) for free public lectures, to public school or other buildings. 

Ch. 868, Feb. 8, 1912. 

Wisconsin; Creating sections 392en>-l to 392em-7, Inclusive, of the Statutes, 
uuthorlzlng the purchase of atomp-pnillug machines to be used by the College 
of Agriculture for experlmeiUal and demonatraUon purposes. 

Ch. 478, June 28, 1911. 


M. .(f) Earners’ Institutes, etc. • 

Alabama; Authorizing county commissioners or boards of revenne to appropri- 
ate uiouey for the :ild of farm demoDbtratlon work, or the organization of 
farm life clubs for the promotion of agriculture. 

, Act 62, p. 36, Feb. 28, 1911. 

Alabama; Providing for local agricultural experiments In the several counties 
by the experiment station of the Alabama Polytechnic fnstltute, ' 

Act 9, p. 6, Feb. 9, 191L 

Louisiana; Authorizing the police Juries of the several parishes to appropriate 
not exceeding $1,000 per annum each for farmers’ demonstration work to 
cooper.itlon with agents and_ representatives of the United States Department 
of Agriculture. j^o. 69, 1912. 

Maryland; Authorizing the appointment of a committee known as the Mary- 
land Country Life Oouimittee. ^ 

To Investigate problems of country life and suggest policies for the benefit 
of farmers . . Oh. 742, Apr. 11, 1912. 


M. (g) Private and Endowed Schools; Parochial Schools. 


See al$o R ( 6 ). ^ 

M^Iapd; Authorizing the county school ^mlssloncrs of Fre 
to pay annually $260 from school moo^s to the sisters of|^ 

Euphemia's School for educatfng colored children, Ch. 683, J _ 

* 0^ a njinority of a religious society Ih electing 

gwew for a »^opl held to prevail over an action of the majority assembM 

#t la'vf^aidto eU^0B.*a *^*^®*“ assodaUon.-State ex toL Kerr 


'reder 

tma 

.'Jor, 


lerick County 
^ rlty of St 
!pr. 11. Itfl2. 


214 EDUCATIONAL LEOISI^TTON AND DECISIONS. 

N. SECONDARY EDUCATION l HIGH SCHOOLS AND 
ACADEMIES. 


(a) GeneraL 


. See also B (/). 

Arizona: Any school district with average attendance over 200 may. by vote 
of electors, etitabll^ a high school. Two or more districts may unite. Special 
tax for high school. 


Course of study mhst be approved by State board of education. 

Promotion from eighth grade to high school on certificate on qualifications 
presented by State board of education. Certificates good for admission to 
any high school. 

Hlgh-school principal shall supervise eighth gradei unless a principal or 
city superintendent Is employed. 

Hlgh-school districts may vote bonds. Oh. 77 (Ch. XII). May 20. 1912. 

OaUfomla; Amending sections 1761, 1766, 1768, and 1759 of the Political Code, 
relating to the admission of pupils to high schools, and to the tuition fees of 
pupils ^f one county attending high school in another county. 

Pupils not provided with high schools in their own counties may attend 
such schools In other counties upon agreement between the county superln- 
tauSent of their resident county and the hlgh-school board of the school to 
be attended; county boards of-educatton of pupils’ i;esldcnt county shall make 
e^Iraates of taxes necessary to pay tuition of such, pupils; county superin- 
tendents shall report cost of education of nonresident pupils, and tuition 
shall be paid by resident county. ^ ‘ ch. 604, Apr. 2Q, 1911. 

Galifornia: Anaendlng section 1768 of the Political Code, relating to the sup- 
, port of high schools. 

Cost of hlgh-school Instruction must be computed on basis of average 
attendance, (was enrollment). Ch. 684, May 1, 1911. 

GAlifbrnla; Amending section 1728 of the Political Code, relating to the forma- 
tion of J9|jjt union hlgh-school districte. Ch. 460, Apr. 14, 1911. 

OallfornU; Amending section 1726 .of the Political Code, relating to the forma- 
tion of hlgh-school districts in clti^ towns, and school districts. 

Hlgh-school dlsti;tcts may be foAneifi If nn average attendance of 100 or 
more is shown In the elementary grades. Ch. 461, Apr. 14, 19H. 


California: Providing for the organization, control, and equipment of hlgh- 
school cadet companies and for the promotion of rifle practice th^eln, and 
appropriating therefor. ^ Ch. 361, Apr. 6, J9U. 

Gallfoi^nia; Amending ifectlon 1741» of the Political Code. ^ 

Omits the word ** county** from the classes of high schools that may pio- 
# vide transportation for pnplls. ” Ch. 176, Mar. 13, 19ii. 


* Galifomia (1909) : Findings 'held to support a Judgment that a hlgh-school 
district one de Jure by reason of curative acts. — People ex rel. Bro^o. 
Pacific Grove^. S. Hist, 104 Pac., 686. v 

OonaeGtlcat; Amending section 2241 of the General Statutes, relating to re- 
ports of number an^^ames of hlgh-school pupils, Ch, 148, July 11, 1911, 

Georgia: An aerUf^mena p^graph 2. section 0, article 7, of the constitution 
of State of Georgia, etc. 


it-.*- . 
■ 


'PfopoteB to strike out the limitation ** In Instructing children in the ele- 
xhentary branches of on English education only '* from the 'Onum^tlon of 
, jiurposss Ibr which counties may levy taxeA The effect of amendment, 






HIGH SCHOOLS AND jyOADEMIES. 


216 


it to permit counUes to maintain high schoola by taxation. 

® people at the next general election. ' 

[Ratlfled by the people.] Act 847, Aog.^4, IfllO. 

Idaho: See A (o). 

lUinola: Authorizing the organization of hlgh-Bchool dlstricta. 

1 (ownship that contains a school dlstricAavlng a popnlaOon of 

inhahltanu Say be or^lzed Into a 
^ approved by the majority voting at a special election 
rfto^ whe^or’^fn’^' InhaWtants of .any contiguous and compact ter- 
.J. <l‘®ferent townships, may be organized into a 

high-school d^tiict In the same planner. For the purpose of subDortlna a 
iL township or territory for the beneflt of which a high sctml 

Is estobllshed under this act shall bo regarded us a school district and a bdard 
u seven members shall be elected therefor. The said board 

f,ndl^r ‘*>® boarts of educatCeS 

st^l'oo' district or any part thereof adjoining 
a high-scbool district organized under this act may become a part thereof bv 
a conciirront resolution adopted by the boards In each district If approved by 
the niajorily voting at a special election In the territory to be annex^ 

A. 'IT ”*1*’".* appears to be to permit the organlntion 

Of a hIgh-school board apart from the hoard having control of elementarv 
schools In (heSame territory.) 8. B. No. 286, p. 506, Juno sIlML 

Illinois: Relating to hlgh-school districts composed of parts of townships. - 

The Inhabitants of any territory composed of parts of adjoining townshlne 
may create such territory Into a l^Igh-school district by a petition slgn^y it 
least 60 lepl voters and an afflrm^lve vote In such territory (omits a fonnM 
restriction). H. B. 337, jj. 607, June 6. 

Illinois: 'Relating to township high schools . 

Mlno^ obaiiges relating to electionsL H. B. 838, p. 608, June 6, 19U. 

*niinois (mO) : Mandamus held not to He to compel the calling of a snedal 
^ecOon to el^ a board of education for a higb-school district created under 

2"a'h,"^rTruVt: ^N.R. Seegers t>. Dunlap 

•UUnois (1910) : School law. art 8. sec. 44, relating to the discontinuance of 
township high schools, held not to require that a high school shall conditM 
for a year after being established before being discontinued * 

After dlsrolptlon of a township high school held that taxes for the hlrii- 
school district collMt^ and In the hands of the township tratsurer are^v 
Ject to the imyment of obligations of the hIgb-school district 
The frnstres of a township hlgh-school district after dlscontlnnance of the 
school held to have power to settle all liabilities against the hlgh-school 

PI defendants In an action by creditors of Se forror 

district — Chalairan v. Bd. of Ed., etc., of Knox Co., 91 N. K,, 712, ' 

Indiana: Providing for Joint high schools to be malnUlned by»Ay city or 
Incorporated town In conjunction with any contiguous township, townihlpa 
ot iDcorpornted town. 

detenSlSe the territory to be Included In 
district. The ext>en8es of the Joint Kh<^i shall bea^ 

. ^rtioni^ to the school corporations concerned In proportion to valoatlbn! 
Any ®ch^ Miration may withdraw from such a Joint district and eatablish 
awparate high Mhool, and In that event shall receive from the remalninx dis- 
tricts an equitable amount for Its Interest In the Joint district 

Oh. 198, Mar, 4» 1911 

Indiatiat Autoorlzing township trustees and scho<d' trustees of incorpoimtsd 
towns to continue high scliooU for a linger time than . the term of the ele- 
mentaiy spools, 

gd ablea ir ngtees to contlmie a commissioned or certiaed tosh achnoi ftir tim 
tete nqtiSted_lSor siich schools. (8 months^, alt^o,n^ lit may not be nnsiilbto 




216 


E0U,CATIONAL LEGISLATION AND DECISIONS. 


lowft: Providing for tte payment of tuition of j>npils wilding In school co^ 
poratlons which do not offer instruction equivalent to four-year high schools 

_ Said pupils, who have completed the course of study offered by their home 
corporation, may^attend any high school that will receive them, provided the 
average cost of tuition shall not exceed that of the nearest high school. The 
school corporation In which said pupils reside shall pay to the school corpora- 
tion in which they attend school a tuition fee for each pupil equal to the 
tultibn and the average proportion of the coptlngent expenses 
of the hlgh-schooI department In the latter corporation. 

Ch. 146, Mar. 10, 1911. 

Kansas: Providing county aid to certain high schools in counties having a 
population of less than 10,000. ^ 

Upon petition of a majority of electors of any such jOunty a*tax not to 
eice^ 1 mill In counties having 3,000 Inhabitants or less, and not to exceed 
one-half mill In counties having over 3.000 inhnbftauts, shall be levied for the 
sop^rt of n high school maintained by any district In the county. Schools 
so aided shall be under the supervision of the county Buperlntendent, and shall 
he fr^ to all persona of school age residing In the proper county. Coutrties 
containing county high schools or Barnes Law high schools are not subject' 
to the provisions of this act. ^ Ch. 265, Mar: 6, 1911. ' 

Kansas: Relating to township high schools fn counties having more than 
10,000 inbnblt^ts. * 


The legal electors of any township In which there is no town or dtv mav 
vote to esbibUsh a high school. 

In such case a township high-school board shall be elected, which board 
ahhll levy a for, the township high «;hool not to exceed 4 mills. The 
wnnty superintendent shall have 8U]>ervl8i(^n over such schools. 

* . Ch. 262, Mar. 7, 1911. 

Kansas; Fixing limit of tax levy for county high schools In certain cases. 

Maximum six-tenths (Instead of Bve-tenths) of 1 mill in coiwtles having a 
•T^ation of less than $3(),000,0(X), whose high schools were established before 

Ch. 261, Feb. 21. 1911. 

K a ns a s ;* Relating to the support and maintenance of high schools in certain 
joint school districts. 

Whenever a joint high-school district lles^in two counties, one of which con- 
tributes to said high school under the B^es Law and the other county 
does not, the superintendent of the latter county shall make an estimate of the 
contribution which should be made by that part of the joint district lying In 
Us county, and th^ county clerk shall levy a tax in said territory to raise 
the amount thus estimated, Ch. 272, Mar. 10, 1011. 

* Kansas (1910) : Taws 1909, cha 210, 216. held curative Statutes designed to 
Wldate action taken In counties to adopt Laws 190^ ch. 807, providing for 
^ establlshniept of high schools. — Swte ex rel. Jackson, Atty, Geu tA 
"Pauley, Co. TreaV,. 112 Pac., 141. ^ 


^ lield to be ^'established” within Laws 1009, 

W 21({. so as to bring the county within the purview of th$ Barnes higb-school 
..ttw, wnen brought up to the standard prescribed by La’^s 1906, ch. 897j 
Title of Laws 1900, ch, 210, “An act concerning high schools” heW to 
ttfllciently state the 8ubjec.t of the bUI in the title.— Armstrong et al u 
George et 4l., 114 Pac., 200. , - 

’ 4 * • ^ * 

Ketiiackyt An act to provide fbr the appointment of trustees for county 
Mataniee and seminaries. 


•Klien the number of trustees of any county academy or seminary hereto- 
ftgf created by act of the general assembly has been reduced to less than a 
county court shall flU the vacancies.^ * 





HIGH fcJOeOOLS AND ACADEMI^ff, 


217 


LoolsUiui: An act to nm^d and reenact section 11 of Act No. 214 ori902, e^. 

The requirement that the State board of education Bbsll give Its sanctl 
before parish school boards may establish high schools Is ellnllnb«t^. 

Act 272. July T, 1910. 
Louisiana: Appropriating $50,000 per ^nnum to aid State-approved high 
schools. Act Na 185 of 1912. 

Maine: Relating to free high schools. 

Elxtends the powers of towns not supporting free hfgh schools so as to per- 
-mit such. towns to contract with academies In adjacent towns 

Ch. 88» Mar. 25. 1911, ' 

Maine: Relating to free high schools. > . 

Cures minor defect In wording of previous law. Ch. 109, Mar. 28, 1911. 
Maryland: Amen<tlng and supplementing certain laws relating to hlgtrscboola 

Section 120. The board of county school conunissi oners of county shall 
have authority to estublish high schools, subject to the approval of the State 
board of education, in their respective counties, when. In their judgment, It Is 
advisable to do so. All high schools so established and tliose now In oi^era- 
tlon shalltbe under the direct control of the several boards of county school 
commissioners, subject to the pr^^lslons of this article: Provided, That when 
instruction below that of the hlgb-school grades Is given In the same building 
eivon the Bume|premlsea8ueh grade work may also be under the direct control 
of the bonrd or county school commissioners, and the principal of the high 
' school shaH aJso be priactpul of the elementary department 

Sec. 121. For the encourngement of secondary education in Maryland the 
State shall extend aid to such groups of high schools as shall be herein desig- 
nated and described, and In such amounts and In'sach maqner as shall herein- 
after be set forth. All high schools of the counties of the State of Maryland 
receiving State aid shall be arranged by the State board of education Into two 
groups to be designated first group and second group, according to the number 
of pupils enrolled, 'teachers employed, and years of.Idfctructlon given. High 
schools of the^rst group shall fulfill the following minimum requirements: 
(a)' An enrollment of not less than SO pupils; (b) employ not leas than four 
teachers for the regular high-school work, exclusive of lustryctors o^ special 
subjects named under (e) ; (c) four years’ course of Instruction of not less 
than 36 weeks In each year, dame to^conform to the standard required by the 
State board of education; (d) the annual salary of (he principal to be not 
less than $1,200, and the salary of each assistant teacher regularly employed 
to be not less than SJtK) .i>er annum; (e) provision to be made for manual' 
training and domestl^clence course and also a commercial or an agricultural 
course, as^may be determined by the board of county school commissioners. 
High schools of the second group shall Tulfill the following minimum require- 
ments: (a) An enrollment of not less than 35 pupils; (b) employ not less than 
two teoclierB for the regular hlgh-echool work, exclusive of Instructors of 
special subjects named under‘(e) ; (c) a three years* course of instruction of 
not Jess than 36 weeks In each year, same to conform to the standard reqi0fed 
by the State board of education ; (d) the annual salary of the principal to be 
not less than $1,000, ami that of each assistant to not less than $500; <e) 
proylsion to be made for a manual training or an agricultural or a commer- 
cial course, os may be determined by the board of county school comnpsslon- 
ers: Provided. That no high school which fulfills thd conditions under (b), (c), 
(d), and (e) and Is now on the list of approved high schools shall be excluded 
from thls^oup within I wo years from the 1st day of June, 1910. The course 
of Instruction In schools of the second group may be extended to four years 
by the board of county school commissioners hy the employment of such add*- 
tlonal teacher or teachers as may be required by the State bbard of education : 
Provided, That the salary of such addltloha||||ieaeher ^ t^cbers shall he paid 
wholly by the said board of county school copimlssioDers, |ind in the schools 
of the second grofipr. where the course of instruction has b^n so extended to 
a four-year course, the graduallks ahall receive the same reco^tlon as gradu- 
pXes of schools of the first group. ’iNo promotioDB of htgh-fl^doi pupils froth . 
grade to another or gt^duatlou ahnfl be made without tkM apprdvaj of 






sfs 


BDUOAnoNAL LBOlBLmoV AND DBOIBIONB. 


***® ®***® «nperlnt«ident of edoeatloii, or 
deal^ated bj^bm, to make an annual Inspection of all bleb 
State aid, and also such other schools as make appllcatl(ni. 
ttrt^ their rw^tlve count 7 superintendents, to receive said State a^ 
before the 16th day of August of each year, prepare a list of 

wd to which ettch 1 b entitled, and Co whom same should be nald. The nrenn.- 
shaU^ based on Infonnatlon obtained through the 
to^Mtlon, written reports of the prlncHial or county superintendent, or other 
Mperintendenfs report of such schools sh^ be sub- 
board of Question for approval, and when approv^ wid 
shall rertU^ same to the comptroller of the treasury, on or before the 
October of ea^ year, and shid comptroller of the treasury^lmii 
“P0“ tbe treasurer of the State In ’equal qilfrre^ Instell- 
ments In each and every year at the time when the publlc-sch^ tai la now 

payable to the oifler of the treasu^ of the 
respeettte boards of county school commissioners or the board of commls- 
schoote of Baltimore City, for such sum or sums as teey are 
H«f^hT»h’^h®''i“*® *’7^'®'°“® tbls article, and shown by the 
* ®P^ 1® “® aforesaid, same to be paid out of the le4 for 

• authorised l7thls 


T z — zT' , xuui uue apponionmeni autnorized In i 

^on for October 1, 1910, and January 1, 1911, shall be paid ^ of thA. 
ordinary r®oe1nt« nf fho fpooQ«v-.T- yam vui ui 

ihom 


^ *• ---V, wuu vnuuaijr a, iOAi, BHail 06 PaiQ OUt Of tAA 

I^elpts of the treasury : And provided further, That any high sch^ 
recelTlng State aid under provisions of this article shall forfeit Its right to 
receive State aid under the provision of any other ^ or ^luti^n of 

Maryland: Provided, That nothing In this section shall 
^ cons^ed to r^?eal any appropriation made prior to the year 1872 and 
chargMble to what is kno^ as the academic fond ;* nor shall any school now 
reiving an appr^rlatlon from the State lose same until such time as It shall 
receive an appropiiation ^der the provisions of this act 

^ til® first group In the counties of Maryland 
al^l receive State aid on the basis of the cost of Instruction, and In the 

principal and the sm^ 
of ttie first three assistants employed for regular 
hi^-8^wl wo^k : the sum of $400 on account of each of two ^lal 
ILm tw^flfths of their time in the school receiving 

said amounts; and the snm of $100 -on account of each additional regular 

amount does not exceed the snm of $2,(500/ 
In th^artlcle the term ^>eclal teacher shall be constmed to mean a t^c^r 
mMual training, domestic science, or agricultural branches. 
^cht%lgb school in the counties of Maryland of the second group shall rw- 
^ etat^Id on the l^sls of the cost of lnstructIon!^d In 
filacer: The^aim of $COO on account of the principal; the su^ V 
i^nnt of oneassistant teacher employed for regular hlgh-school woS* and 
of 1400 <m acconnt of the instructor of special subjects, to be desia 
Provided, That if an Ins^ctor in 

.training or agricultural work be required to divide his or her ttmeTWnii 

this group $lbO shall be allow^ on^^^of 
MCh o< such schools; Provided also, That the amount to be received 

high schools of Baltimore City shall be equal to thfe maximum imiount 
school la the counties of the State 

T^t Uie board of county school cocgaisslonera of each county ft hsT l 
submit annually to the county commlealon^flf their respective connH^T^r 
least 80 days prior, to the date for maklnX aroal 
£55SfS?* of all hl^ schools of the county. Including those not entitled 
^ clasalfled In this article, and gn Itemised state- 

meia of the estimated cost of maintaining same ; and the said boards of conn^ 
^Ji^n Shall nmke a i^te le^ for high , 

weeks t)rior to date of ma^ iSJte^y m 

yP*! 4^ certlflcates or diplomas Issued to students having completed a 




rV'iv* OTuntiea oi Maryland s&i 

aiid.'ttito nmtitwi^ 


pad. fliiB airaber of yea^ of InatwctlorglvtoT^ Oe^du^M-w inf 


fximlntkm lo tie freahmati dus of niur ebUen 
> piiatA»ltMpom tiie Stata , 


ia, Uaiyliind ntednf 




— ' r — I? ' — ^ T V — 

. * ■ ‘ ^ ' * ' < ‘ ' '■•'1 

HIGB BOHO^LB AHD AfunmiitML 2).9 

8sa 12Sb. Tbe State board of edncatlcm ahall prepare the eooree of atady to 
be need hj the eereral gcoopa of hi|^ ediooU deecribed la fhia article, and hare 
authority to make any by-law for their grenuneot not at rariaBce with ttie' 
prorUdona of this article. ' 

Sbo. 144. The aaperlntendent of pnbUc education shall superrlse and i 

Inspect the work* of Industrial and a^cultural training done In the serml 
ooontiee of the State under the provlaions of this article ; collect all necessary 
•tatlatics pertaining thereto, and annoally, on or before the 20th day of 
August of each year/ certify to the oemptroller the names of such dounties as > 1 

shall hare comulied with the provisions of this article relating to each train- ' 
ing; and upon tne receipt of said certiflcate from the soperlnt^ent of public 
education, but not otherwise, tike comptroller shall draw bis warrant upon the 
treasurer payable to the order of the treasorer of the board of county acbool 
commissioners of the county so certided as ^titled to receive the same, for 
the full amount of money so certified to be doe U> such county under the pro- 
visions of this article; and the saperiutendent of public education sl^, on or 
before the 20th day ^ of August of ea<A year, submit to the State board of 
education a full report of all matters pertaluing to Industrial and agricultural 
training In such counties, and attach thereto a copy of the certiflcate filed by 
him with the comptroller. 

Sso. 145. The several boards of county school oommlsBloners are hereby 
authorised to make manual training, domestic sdoice, and agriculture a part 
of the course of Instnietlon in any of the schools of ^elr respective counties 
that they, in their judgm^t, may think advisable, provided that said Instmc- 
tion shall conform to the course prescribed by the State board of education. 

Ch. 388, p. 227, Apr. 11. 1910. 

Maryland: Elxt^ds to June 1, 1914 (from 1912) the time within which high 
schools may meet the requirement as to earollment (1. e., 35 pupils). Schools 
already on approved list ond complying with other conditions shall not be 
excluded within that time. Qb. 41. Mar. 14. 1912. 


Maryland: Provides for Joint high schools for Talbot, Queen Ah^swand Caro- 
line Counties (In town of Queen Anne), building, Ate, and equipment to cost 
not over $7,(X)0. The State shall appropriate |4.(iS^ 

Esther agricoltore, maaual training, or commercial^urse may be main- 
tained. . ‘ .Oh. 705, Apr. 11, 1912. 


MasaacfanseCts: Resolved, That th$ board of edncatton Is hereby autborUpd 
and directed to Investigate the matter of Improving and making more uniform 
the education now furnished by the various high schools In .the Common- 
wealth, and also of Providing higher and supplementary education as a seqi^ 
to the public-school education now provided. Said board U directed to con-, 
aider and report , upon house bill number tSSO now pending, an4 Uie petltlbn 
which a^xnpanles It. The board shall report to the general court not later 
than January 16 in the year 191^ with such recommendations for legislation, 
if any, as It may deem expedient The board Is authorised to give such 
public bearings upon the said subject as It may deem necessary, and In carry- 
ing oat the provisions of this resolve may expend such sums as be ap- 
proved by the governor and coonctl., . Resolves, eh. 60, Apr. 20, 1911. 

Ifiesarhnsetts; Mount Hermon Boys School and Northfleld Semtnafy eonsoU- 
dated to form **Ths Northfleld Bchoola** ^ ^ 

May hold estate twt over 16,000,000, Qu, May 20, 1012. 

Ifichicu: Amradlng^ths ffee hl|h-sehool tuition law. 





Defines a high scfiiool u a. gtadsd school malntalninf 12 grades of work, 
* with at least, two teadim devoting their entire time to the ninth, tuth, 
tiev^nth, and twelfth grtdea- A district malntsintag a course of 10 gredss, 
with-ohe teacher devoting his entire time to the ninth and tttith* grades, shall 
' not be ebligsd to pay. tnitiokk fOr Its puntis in a 12-grade ebhool until SoA 

, havf ccmipleM the 10^ 






SiO 




BD0OAlK)lff4t LK^ge^HOK AKD DBOBMOH8. 


^^gbtlhgMde dlpton^ t<»,be snuted by the county boards of 
unto rules and regolatlanB of the sup«lntend«it of pubUc 
mscrucnoB. No. 14, Mar. 17, 1911. 

Minnesota; See C (b). 

Nobrasica: R e l at in g to county high schools. 

°K «*«» be under the dlrecMoii of a board of regents of 

five members dected by the directors of the se£M^ school dlaW^f the 

defemCo u^stant teachers and employees as may be required, and shall 
detei^ne tte tax le^y for the county high school, which levy shall not 
^ *rt’ for principal and Interest of bonda The 

: S iS."” Sf " '»«"■«» «..n >5,^“ •< 

»i sri 

Nebraska: See 0 (c). 

Nevada: Anthorlslng the county commissioners of Humboldt County to Issue 
^Ml ^ purchase a site and erect a building for a county high 

Authorises also a spedal tax for the redemptioB of said bonds. 

Ch. 107, Mar. 18, 1911. 

New Hampshire: Amending chapter 89, section 11, of.the Public Statutes. 

public Instruction at hlMlscretlon to ter 
between loc^ school boards and Enemies or other 
Institutions made for the InatmeUon of the hlgh-sthool pupils of the 
. ^ ^ • Ch. 137, Apr. 13, 1911. 

P®j another town for tuition of 
school In latter town.— Lisbon Sch. Dlst No 1 « 
Londaff Tn Sch. Dlst, 74 At, 188. ' ‘ 

Now Jersey: Private secondary schools and Institutions of jMmlng may elect 
one or more nonresident trustees. Oh. 298, Apr. 1, 1912. 

New Mexico; Providing for county high schools ' 

be (^bllshed In any county of 6,000 Inhabitants 
the electors of the county, the county commls- 
®ball order an election to determine whether a county hlah school 
Shall be Mtabllshed at the place named In the petrtlou if the^^ 
approve, &e county commlsslonwa ahaU estebliah a high schcwl. ^ ^ 

R»^ ^1^ who have passed the eighth grade of the coniw prescribed by the 
education,#* entlUed to attend gratis the county high »hwl 
board of educatloh or of 
lu which the school is situated. The county “ 
iRiperi^*dent la an ex offlclo member of the board. Said board^y levy 
n »nnty tax not to exceed 2 milla for' county high school ^ ^ 

^ established under this act 
•****’ apportioned between them on the 

*® •»* coMldeted who has attend 
le«8 than liaif the regular eesalou ov«»iucu 

ftily OM oonnly Wgh school 1 ^ be sstabllahed In any connto In one vasr 

blgh school Is estabUshed, it abaUnot receive over^e^ 

achoola are adopted as countr hlph ecliooli» 

•» purdiasad by the 

which It U located. Tito county iilgh-schobl^ tax atoll be uaed only 

wrifM. . 

fw cotml^ ht|» ^IB Shall tnclnde manual mlaing, 

^ a^coltnn uid.ooiiuiiercUil yi enget. 

v:.;: V 'r-'v 10U 

■ "■ ’ ' ■ ' ‘ U 'V ‘ ' 'i .V . . 







HIGH SCHOOLS AHD 4SABSKHS. 


221 




Heii^Tork: Amefkling the Mneation law. 

‘ iiectloxi S7 includes secondary schools In the institutions of the State uni- 
versity, differentia ting between secondary and higher education. Formerly 
** ii^her education ” meant “ education in adTanoe of common elementary 
buanchea” Oh. 146, Apr, 22, 1910. 

Xew York: Union school districts having a popnlatlon of 0,000 or more and ' 
employing superintendents rated with cities in the matter of tuition charge * 
in excess of |20 per year for nonresident pnpUs in academic dc|>artment 

Cax 276, Apr. 11, 19li 

North Dakota: Bee A (0) and L (a). 


Oregon: Ameodlng certain acta relating to union high-school dlstricta 

Parts of school districts (as well as school districts) may Included In 
union bigh-scbool districts after appropriate action by the inhabitants thereof. 
Composition and terms of office of union high-school district boards. SaM 
boards may determine who are nohresldeot pupils and fix the rate of tuition 
for Buchl)npa8. Oonrse of study of such schools shall cover not less than 
two (instead of three) years. Each union high-school boaid 'shall determine 
the rate of tax to be levied for such school In the union district (formerly 
the several districts forming a anion w%re proportionally assessed). 

Omits former reqalrement that every teacher shall be a graduate of a 
State normal scHboI or of a college or university or shall be a holder of a 
State certificate or diploma. Ch. 63, Feb. 18, 1911, 

Pennsylvania: See- A (a). , 

South Carolina: An act to amend an act to provide high schoola, etc. 


When any special school district operating under a special act is joined 
with one or more common-school districts to totm a hlgh-achool district the 
board of trustees of the spedarschool district shall be the board of trustees 
for the high-school district ‘ Act 399, Feb. 26, 1910. 


Texas: Providing for the establlshinent maintenance, and control of public 
high schools In the common-school districts of Texas; making an appropria- 
'* tiou for the teaching of agriculture, domestic economy, and manual training 
in said high schools and in certain high schools already established; and 
providing for boards of county school trustees and prescribing their powers 
und duties. 


Authorizes the establiahment of public hig^ schools In common-school dis- 
tricts as integral* parts of the public free-school system of the State. 

** There may be Uught in each high school, the establishment of which 
is herein authorised, all the subjects prescribed by law to be taught in the 
public schools of Texas, incl\Hiing primary, intermediate^ and high-school 
subjects, and such of the additional subjects of agriculture, domestic economy, 
and manual trolnlng as may be provided for according to the conditions here- 
inafter prescribed. In the meaning of this statute there shall be high schools 
of the first clasa high schools of the second class, and high schools of the 
third class. A high school of the ffrst dass shall be a high school which 
maintains at least four years or grades of work above the sixth grade or year, 
may Include in Its curriculum the first six grades or years of woric, shall 
employ at laist two teachers to teach hlgh-achool subjects, who shall each 
Imld a State first-grade certificate or certificate of higher grade, and be 
fualntained for not less than eight scholastic months during each school 
year, A high school of second ^ass shall be a high school which main- 
tains at least three yeari or grades of work above the sixth grade or year, 
may include in its curriculum the first Six years or grades of woik, shall 
employ at least two teachers to teach blgh-school sul^ects, who shall each- 
hold a State first-grade certificate or certificate of higher grade, and shall 
be maintained for not leas than eight scholastic niboths- during each school 
year. A high school of the thltfi class shall be a high school which maintains 
at iMst two years' or grades of work abore the siith ^ade or. y^ may 
, tndude in its currtciilum the flrtt; six years or mdes of woric* shaU wnoiby 
St least one teaser to t#ch bJ^^elibbl shall a 




owtlMte of •baa b» 






HDUOA'SIOKAL LSOlfiUTlOH AND DBOlHIOini 


for not 1« Um mwon tcholastlc montliB during each school year^ Badi 
Bdiools herein defined shall be entitled to receive a certificate of 
approval or cUj^cation from the State department of education. High 
schools which foil to come up to the standard herdn prescribed as to teachers, 

session shall not 

he proWblted by this act, but such high schools shall not be entitled to receive 
a certificate ^ approval or dartlflcatton from the State department of educa- 
tiwL A grade or year of work as herein mentioned shall consist of not less 
than 32 weeks of S days each.** 

education shall duplicate any amounts betaween $600 and 
« set apart by trustees of«any first or second class high slmool for estab- 
U^lng, maintaining, or equipping a department of agricultnre : In such high 
^ amount between $600 and $1,000 similarly set apart for a department 
Of domestic sclmce; any amount between $600 and $1,000 rimllarly set apart 
fOT a d^rtm^t of manual training; any amount between $^ and $1000 
s^part by the trustees of any third-class hic^ school In a common-school 
dlsmct for a, department of agriculture. Not more than $2,000 shall be 
appropriated by the State board of education for said purposes in any one 
y^r; and such appropriation shall no^ be made more than twice to the same 
s^wl. Approi>rlation for said purposes. $60,000^or 1912 and $60,000 for 
1913. \ 

** The hoaM'of trustees of the high school aw>lylng for State aid for estab- 
llBblng, equipping, and maintaining a department of agriculture, dbmestic 
wnomy, or manual training shall provide ample room and laboratories for 
the ^ching of each subject or subjects, and in connection with the depart- 
^nt of agriculture In the high school shall provide a tract of land con- 
tenl^ently lo<»ted, which shall be suffldehtly large and well adapted to the 
production of farm and garden plants, and shall employ a teacher who has 
received special training for giving efficient instruction in the subject The 
State superintendent of public instruction shall make accurate and full inves- 
tigation of the school property, appliances, and ground possessed by any 
hoard of ^stees that may apply for State aid under the provisions of this 
act, and shall make a report of the result of bis Investigation to the State 
^rd of educalon, together with his recommendations touching the same 
The State board of edncation shall grant aid to those high schools that have 
complied with the provisions of this act that shall give evidence that after 
r*® withdrawn, the high schools will continue to maintain ±e 

department for Instmction in agriculture, domestic economy, or man lal 
tralffing, and that have beoi recommended by the State soperintendent of 
public instruction.** , v* 

The ^neral management and control of the high schools In each county 
of the State provided for In this act shall be vested In five connty school 
trustees, elected from the county at large; fall terms, three years two or 
one as the case may be, eipiring each year. Said trustees shall be qualified 
vofora^d freeholders, of good moral character, able to read and speak the 
English la^a^ of gjod education, and In sympathy with public free schools 
A majority of them shall reside in common-school districts. 

. J* n shall be the duty of the county school trustees to classify the schools 
of the . county Into primary schools, Intermediate schools, and high schools, 
for the pnrpose of promoting the efficiency of the primary and Intermediate 
raool and of esfobll^lng high schools wherever practicable. In classifying 
the s^Mls a^ In estabUahi^ high schocHs the county school trustees shall 
e^sr add adrise wifo the county superintendaot of public instruction and the 
dlstrln schMl trustees of the cohn^. and shall give due regal'd to schoola 

population, and to the advancement 
Of the In their studleg. The said county school trustees shall, m 

wperaitto^t^foe of public instruction, prescribe a 

course of study for the public schools of the county conforming to the law 
and requlremeuts of the State dejEiartoent of edticatiou 
„ pertaining to the public free schools of tile county 

Trtted in thO commissioners* court and that are 
^1 Jb^fter ^ vested in ti|e county school 

8Ch(Krt* the county sclmol trustees shall; 

trustees of each dlitrlct 

: m$hy c^fm:«^oordlbtr|cfo:a prats 


HtGH BOHOOL8 AND AOADEBfIBS. 


228 


dlBtrictB SB have no high schools for the free tnltl<m of eligible children in 
the high schools, thereby glvlDg high-school privileges and opportunities, so 
far as possible, to ali children of scholastic age residing in the rural districts. 
The coonty schbol trustees are also empower^ to negotiate with the trusteen 
of indepeDdent school districts that have high schools for the free tuiUon of 
eligible childi^D who reside in adjacent or convenient common-school districts 
not maintaining high schools. 

“ The county school trustees of each county shall constitute a body corpo- 
rate, • • • and may perform other acts for the promotion of education 
in the county. The tUle to any school property belonging to the county the 
title of which has heretofore been vested In the county Judge and his suc- 
cessors in office, or any school property that may be acquired, shall vest In 
the county school trustees and their successors in office for public *free-school 
purposes.” 

The county school trustees shall designate the county superintendent as 
their secretary and executive officer. It shall be the duty of the county school 
trustees, acting with the county superintendent, to apportion all available 
State and coujity funds to the school districts ^s prescribed by law. 

All appeals from the decisions of the county superintendent of public in- 
struction shall He to the county school trustees, and from the said county 
school trustee^, to the State superintendent of public instruction, and thence 
to the State of education. 

The county^chool trustees shall hold meetings once each quarter on the 
first “Monday In August, in November, in February, and in May, or as soon 
thereafter as practicable, and at other times when called by the president of 
the board of trustees. Each county school trustee shall be paid, his actual 
expenses Incurred in attending meetings, provided that no member shall 
receive more than $3 per day nor more than $24 during any scholastic year. 

Ch. 26, Mar. 6, 1911, 

• Texas (1910) : Under Laws 1905, ch. 124, aeca 52, 149. 161, the power of com- 
missioners’ courts to distribute territory Including any high-school districts 
stated. 

An Independent high-school district the formation of which was Invalid 
under a supreme court decision, but which was validated by a subsequent 
amendment to the constitution, held to be valid from its formation.— Gillespie 
et al. V. Lightfoot, Atty. Gen., 172 8. W., 790. 

tfuh: Creating high-school districts and providing for the government and 
maintenance of the same. 

Each county shall constitute a high-sChool district but may be divided to 
make two or more districts after notice and hearing by the board of county 
commissioners on thb recommendation of the county superintendent. Aun- 
ties constituting first-class districts, and city school districts of the first and 
second classes are excepted from the provisions of this act In each hlgh- 
scho^ district there shall be a board of education (imposed o? the county 
superintendent and one member of each district board of trustees within the 
higb-Bchool district who shall be elected by the proper board of trustees. An 
eiectloa shall be held in each hlgh-school district to determine whether one 
or more high schools shall be established and at what places such school or 
schools shall be located. If approved by tha^ajorlty of electors voting at 
•said election, the board of education shall esfhlllsb such school or schools, 
and may levy annually a tax not exceeding 5 mills therefor (or more If 
authorised by electors), which tax shall be assessed and collect^ by the 
proper county officers. The board of education may purchase ^tes, constmct 
houses, equip and maintain high schools authorize^ support school libraries, 
provide transportation, etc. Any common-school district containing over 600 
chirdren of school age, not Included In a hUth-school distHct, may establish 
high school. The State board of educatlon^vshall prescribe the courses of* 
study, and the State textbook commission ihall adopt textbooks to be wA 
In all high schools established under this net Bonds may be Issued to buy 
sites or build houses Jf authoiised at elecUon. » Ch, 81, Mar, 9, 1911. 

Veraottt; Amending certain sectfhns relaUntg to examination'' of pupils for 
advahoed (high school) tastmtioiL 


224 


SDUCATIOKAL IMGISLAnOlS AKD DBOISIONB. 


IBaamfD^tkm rwlred only at beginning of courae. State enperintradeiLt 
anau pr^re quMtlonB and mark papers, and local auperintendent determines 
qiMltllMtloD. Amount of State aid to beavll^r taxed towns 4s Increased. 

In# town maintaining a high school the sapertntendent may elUier deter- 
mine the qualifications of puplle dealring to enter the high schodl, or he may 
i^Dlre such paplle to take the examination prescribed by the State snper- 
Intendent Pupils who have passed such examination may enter the town 
high school, and under certain conditions are entlUqd to have their tuition 
paid in another high school. ^>jo. 68, Nov. 17, i9io. 

Vermont: Bee G (o). 


West Virginia: Amend^g and reenacting section 30 of chapter 45 of the Code 
relating to district high schools. Relates to elections for high schools 

Oh. 68, Feb. 23, 19U. 

West Virginia: Establishing a county high school In Clay County upon a site 
to be selected by the board of directors, and anthorizlng the levy of taxes in 
said county to aid In erecting and equipping a suitable building. 

Ch. 26, Eeb. 23, 19U. 

West Virginia: Establishlpg a connty high school In Nicholas County upon a 
site to be selected by the board of directors, and authorizing the le^ of 
taxes for the erection and maintenance of a building. Ch. 26, Feb. 24, 191L 

Wisconsin: Creating secUon 49W) of the Statutes, relating to the surrendering 
of certificates of organization of free high schools In districte maintaining 
two schools, Ch. 422, June 21, 1911. 

Wisconsin: Amending sections 496—1 and 495— 9 of the Statutes, relating to 
nnlon free hlgh-scbool districts and time of holding annual union free hlgh- 
school district meetings, ch. 339, June 16, 1911. 

Wisconsin: Creating section 496 — 2 of the Statutes 


Authorizes union free hlgb school districts and ordinary school districts to 
unite in the erection and maintenance of a hIgh-school building. 

V ^ Oh. 294. Jane 7, 1911. 

Wisconsin: Repealing section 495 of the Ktatutes and creating 496 of the 
Statutes, relating to the levying of taxes for high schools maintained in 
common-school districts In which annual school-district meetings are held. 
ProvideB for the assessment of taxes for free high schools. 

Oh. 102, May 10, 1911. 


% Wisconsin; Repealing section 4961 of the Statutes, and creating a new section 
^ 4961 Of the Statutes, relating to evidence of a pupil having completed the 
couree of study in the home district, or one equivalent thereto, where non- 
resWent pyplls attend a free high school. . Ch. 261, June 2, 19U. 

Wisconsin: Amending section 1727 of the Political Code, relating to the foripa- 
tlon of onion hlgh-echool districts^ . Ch. 462, Apr. 14, 1911, 


N. High-^School Inspection. 

OMot Relsttng to State high-echpol Inapectors. ' 

IHxes definite time for expiration of ternf of offlce. Omits fbmer pro- 
^ Tisira that sjoch inq:ectlon sbaJl not be a subsUtute for the inspection made by 
tt# Ohio State University for onirerslty purposes. 

H. B. Kp. 268, p. 47, Apr. 11, 1011, 


5Jlf 


TBOHNIOAL, lOTUSTBlAL, AKD VOOAZIOirAL EDtrOATtOK. * 226 

O. TECHNIC^, INDUSTRIAL, AND VOCATIONAL EDUCA- 
TION : ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY. i 


(a) GeneraL 

, Bee aleo L (<). 

Alabama: EstnbllshfD^ a State school for teaching agriculfure ana domestic 
economy at LinevUIe, providing for the contror thereof, and appropriating 
therefor. . ^(jt 199, p. 726, Mar. 31. 1911. 

Alabama: Changing the name of ‘‘The Alabama Girls' Industrtal School .'' to 
“The Alabama Girls* Technical Institute,'* Act 39. p. 22, Feb, 20. 1011. 
Arizona: Encouraging vocational pursuits In high schools. 

Any hlgh-schooI properly equipped- and atted by location to give training in 
agriculture, mining, manual training, household arts, 6V other vocational pur- 
suits may, on application of Its board of trusrees to the State board of edu- 
cation, be designated to maintain such courses. State aid on approval of 
InstrucJ^n, etc., b^ State board of education, Ch, 46, May 16, 1912. 

Kentucky: An act to regulate the establlahnaent of Industrial schools. 

It ohnll be unlawful for any person, company, corporation, or association to ‘ 
operate an Industrial achool-or college employing 75 acres or more of land, 
except with the consent of the majority of the legal voters In the precinct in 
which the school Is to be operated. ' 

This act slell not apply to dries of the first, second, third or fourth classes 
or to Institutions already In actual operation .for one year or more. 

piwipproved March 14, 1910; passed March 14, lOlO, notwlf^ndlMtte 
^objections of the governor. ^ 

* Kentucky (1910) : A statute which prohibits or luuthorlzes the voters of a 
precinct to prohibit the estnbllshment of au Indu(|ir3;a school held hot sub- 
stantial as an exerdse of the police power. T 

The legislature under the iwllce power may pj^hlblt the m*ngllng of white 
and colored children In the same or in scjioiiiiirtif Immediate proximity. 

A statute held to make the right of a corporation organized under Ken- 
tucky Statutes,, sections S79-883. to establish a school to depend on the votes 
of the dUzoRS, and hence violative of conatltutfon, section 60. 

A statute making It unlawful for corporation to operate an Industrial 
school without o^taln*ng the cOna^t of a majority of the voters In the pre- 
cinct held not sustainable nS an amendnient to the charter of a corporation, 

Columbia Trust Co. v. Lincoln Inst, of Ky„ 129 S. W.. Ill , 

Maine: An act for the encouragement of Industrial education. 

Section 1. The State superintendent of public schools shall be charged 
with the duty, of extending the Investigation of methods of industrial educa- 
tion ; be sball advise and aid In the Introduction of industrial courses Into free 
high schools and academies aided by the State and shall report on all special 
schools tn which industrial education Is carried on. It shall be his duty to * 
Inspect the courses of study offered In such free high schools and academies, 
and he sball have authority to Approve such courses in all schools aided by * 
the State, % . 

“ Sxo. 2. 7m trdstees of the State normal schools shall cause to be intro- 
. duced into el! of the said nonual schools such courses in manual arts, domestic 
science, and agriculture as will- enable their gmduates to teach elemeutary 
coursM In those subjects in the rural and grade schools. In not more than 
one of said schools the course In manual training shall he so extended as-to * 
ofiTer opportunity to persona de^rlng to qualify as special tochers of that 
brancm and In not more than one the course In domestic science shall be so^ 
extended as to. offer sithilar opportunity to persons derir^ to qualify ss^ 
gpedal teacher thertofK i^r .tee two iB^tal courses thuA ^ered tlto trustm ' ^ 
.sre ^sn^priiM .to^^ excM 





r 


226 


EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION AND DECISIONS, 


tioual to other etims appropriated for the support of said normal schools and 
which the treasurer of State -shall deduct from any funds raised for the 
support of common schools. 

“ Sec. 3. Whenever the superintendent of schools of any town shnll certify 
under oath to the State superintendent of public schools, according to form 
prest»rlbed by the State superintendent, that Instruction In nmnnnl training 
or domestic science has been provided pupils of elementary schools^for the 
year preceding, then upon npprovifl of such certificate of tiie- State sui>erln- 
tendent of schools State aid shall be paid to the amount of two-tidrds the 
total salary paid each teacher, provided that the amount so paid by the State 
for the employment of any one instructor shall not exceed fSOO In one year, 
and j)rovIded further that the appropriation made by the town^Jor this pur- 
pose shall be exclusive of any other sum received from the State for the 
Hupi>ort of common schools and of the minimum requirement raised by the 
town as prescribed by section 13 of chapter 15 of the Uevlsed Statutes aa 
amended, and provided further that the course of study, equipment, aud qiiall- 
ficntions of instructors shall have been approved by the State smwrlntendent 
of public schools r 


“Sec. i. The superintending school committee having charge of any free 
high school, or.Ui||trustees of any lucorporatod academy, may provide for 
Instruction tliereln In the principles of agrlcuiture and the domestic and 
inetiianic arts. Whenever It shnll be unide to appear to: the governor lyid 
council, from returns m.ade ns herein provided, tlint In any free high school 
or acaclemy Instruction has been furnished during the preceding year In the 
priticlpTbs of agricifltiirc, the imK-hanlc arts, or domestic science, tlie said gov- 
, ci-nor and coimcli shall direct the treasurer of State to pay to the town sup- 
porting such free high school or to the treasurer of such academy, In addi- 
tion to other State aid. If any, n sum equal to two- thirds the total expendi- 
ture for Inst ruction In each of said courses, provided, however, that no 
school shall receive n total in excess of $500 In any oue year for the supi>ort 
wild courscH, mid provided that State aid slmll not ‘be allowed for anv 
niurse which lias an average attendance of less thiin 12 students, and pnv 
vId(Hl further that mich aid shall not be granted unless the course of study, 
equipment, jind quallfientiftiis of Instructors shall first have been approved 
by the State superintendent of public schools. 

“ Sec. 6. Chnjiter 102 of the Public T.nws of iftoo is hereby rei>ealed, [Pro- 
vided State aid ($250) to any academy inalntalning nn Industrial course.) 

“Sec, 6, Whenever the superintending vhool coiniiilttee of any town hIuiII 
have maintained during the school year nn evening scdiool ns provided by 
* section 22 of the Bevlse<l Statutes, said town shall be reimbursed by the State 
a sum equal to two-thirds the- amount irnld for InstructlonMn such evening 
school, provided there shall have been olfforetl, In addition to the subjects 
elsewhere prescribed for evening schools, courses in free-hand or mechanical 
drawing, domestic science, or niaminl training or the elements of the trades, 
“ Sec. 7. The superintending school connnlttee of any town u hen anthorlzefi 
by vote of the town shall estabjlsh and maintain ns a part of the public- 
school system of such town a general industrial school for the teaching of 
agriculture, household science, the mechanic arts, and the trades. Such 
geparal industrial schools shall be open to pnplls who have completed the 
efementary school course or who have attained the age of 15 years. The 
authority and duties , of the . superintending school committee ami of the 
SDperintendent of schools relation to such Industrial schools shall be-the 
same as in the case of the common and high schools, but the support of such 
schools shall be derived from funds raised in addition to any sums ap- 
propriated for the support of common and high schools. Whenever it shnll 
be made to appear to the governor and council that any town has provide<l 
instmetton in the trades and Industries 1n a general Industrial school mnln- 
tatned. therein .for a period of 30 weeks during the school year, and em- 
ploying at least one teacher wl|^ work is devoted exclusively to such in- 
struetton, and having an avmgel|UendaDce of at least 20 pupils, the governor 
and connctl shall direct tfi|-treAiiurer of State to pay to the treasurer of 
such town a sum e^hial to twt>thirds the total amolmt spent for Instractioii 
in suld school, provided that more than $2/00 shall be paid by the State 
to any <me town In any year, • / 

, Bed. 3.. For the purposes of this Act then shall be deducted annually by 
^ ■ :ths treasurer of State from the school and mill fund the sum of I2TJW0 and 
f ^ 4|^QCt^ is not ai^^loiied dorii^ 


TECHiaCAL, TNDU8TBIAL, AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION. 227 


year shall at Its close be added to the permanent school fund. All reports 
r^uir^ under this act shall be filed annually with the State superintendent 
of public schools on or before the 1st day of July, and State aid shall be 
payable during the month ot December next succeeding.” 

Ch. 188, Mar. 31. 1911. 

Massachasetts : Codifying and amending the. laws relating to State-aided voca- 
tional education. 

Section 1. The following words and phrases as usetl in this nct^hall, unless 
n different menning is plainly required by the context, have the following 
meanings : 

1. “VocntloDfll education” shall mean any education the controlling pur- 
pose of which is to fit for profitable employment. 

2. ” Industrial education” shall mean that form of ywational education 
which fits for the trndes.^crnftR. and nmmifncturing pur^ilts. Including the 
occupations of girls and women carried on In w'orksh<i)>s. \ 

3. Agricultural education ” shall mean that form of \*oca^)nal e<lnontlon 

which fit;* for the occupations connected wMUi the tillage of the^imll. the care 
of domestic animals, foreetrj', and other witge-ea ruing or prodnctVe work on 
the farm. X 

4. Household arts education ” sbtiil uienn that forrih of vocatlon^e<liica- 

tion which fits for oocnipatlons connected wdth the household. \ 

o. ** Iudei>endent Industrial, agricultural, or household arts school” shnll 
mean an organization of courses, pupils, and teachers under a distinctive 
lunnugement approval by the board of e<lucation. desVned to give either\ 
Industrlah agricultural, or household arts education as herein defined. 

0. “Evening class” In an Industrial, ngrlcnltnral. ©r honselioUl arts school 
shall mean a class giving su.h training ns can be taken by r^orsons already 
employed during the workhig day, and wliich. in order to be called vocational, 
must in Its lr‘struot!on ,ienl wltli the subject matter o^Uie day employment 
and be so carrleo ua as to relute to the day employment. 

7. Part time or continuation *cln88 ’* In an industrInl^^ ngflcnltural, or 

household arts school shall mean a vocational class for giving a part 

of tlielr w'orking time to profitable employment and iwdving ii^he part time 
school instruction complementary to the i>rncticar work carrio^on In such 
employment. To give “a part of their working time” such iH^rson^nist give 
nqmrt of each day, week, or longer i>erlod to Htich pan time class d^Ing the 
I>eriod In which it is in session. \ 

8. “Independent ngricultuml school” shall mean either an orgaiiizatVn of 
courses, pu[ulSt and teachers under a distinctive inanagoment deslgnods to 
give agricultural education, as hereinafter provided for. or a separate agrl- 
culturnl department offering in a high mdiool, as ele<‘tlve work, training in the 
principles and practice of agriculture to an extent and of *a character apprtwe<l 
by the board of education as vocational. 

a “Independent household arts school” shall menu a vocational school 
designed to develop on a vocational basis the capacity for houstdiold work, 
such as cooking, household sendee, and other ooeu|)ations In the household. 

Sec. 2. The board of education is hereby authorizi d and directed to investi- 
gate and to aid In thg Introduction of industrial, agricultural, and household 
arts education; to initiate and superintend the estabUshment and mnintennnee 
of schools for the aforesaid forms of education ; and to supervise and approve ' 
such schools, ns hereinafter provided. The board of education shall make n 
lejwrt annually to the general court, describing the condition and progress of 
imlnstrlal, agrlcnltnml, and household arts edncntlon tluVlng the year and 
making such recommendations as the board may deem advisable 

Sec. 8. In order that the Instruction In the principles and the t>rnctlce of 
t^be arts may go on togetljer. Independent ludnstrial, agriciilturnl, and house- 
hold arts schools may offer instruction In day, part time, and evening classes 
Attendance upon such day or part time classes shall be restricted to those' 
over 14 and nnder 26 years of age, and uinni such evening classes to those 
. oyer 17 years of age. . \ 

Sec. 4. Any city or town may» through Its school committee or thtough a 
board of trostees elected by the city or town, to , serve for a ^period of not 
V? known as the local board of trustees for voca- 
tional education, establish and maintain Indepwident^lndustrlal. agricultural 
and household ayts ichoals. . , ^ *\«*«*» 

. . ' , > v'v' 





828 


BDUOATIONAl, LEOISLATTON AKD DEC||rON8. 


■rjr-ttCTsUn 


-K «>®Posed of cities or towns, or of cities and towns, may, 

*1 tmatees, to be known as the district board of trustees for 

establish and maintain Independent Industrial, agrlcul- 
if fhB H*?® Such district board of trustees may tmnslHt 

B ^ » ““** two other members of the school committee of each of 
such eltles and towns, to be appointed for the purpose by each of the resoec- 
thereof; or any such city or town may elect t^e 
residents hereof to serve as Its representatives on such district board of 
■annfT' a district board of trustees for vocational education may 

adopt for a period of one year or more a plan of organl3aitlon,.admlnlstratTo/ 
wd support for the said schools, and the plan, If^iipproved by the board of 
constitute a binding contract between the cities or towns 
resistive representathTon th “^ 

A* made parties thereto, and shall not be altered or 

uDD^led except by vote of two- thirds of the board and the consent of the 
board of education to such alteration «or annullment. 

Sec. 6- Ix)cnl and district boards of trustees for vocational education nd- 
^Inlstering approved Industrial, agricultural, or household arts schoofs shall 
Bmder a scheme to^ appro^by the board of education, appoint an ad/isorv 
"<sammlttee composed of mehibers representing local trades Industries 

shall be the duty of the advisory committee to counsel with 
and ndvlw the Jocul or district board of trustees and other sbbool ofl'dals 
having the mamlgement and supervision of such schools. 

Sec. 7. 1- Any resident of any city or town In Ma*8sachu setts v hich 
dow not maintain an approved Independent Industrial, agricultural, or touse^ 

of . training which he desires, may mnkt 
application for admission to such a school maintained by another cl S or 
town,. The board of ediicutlon, whose decision Stall be final, may approve 
or dr Pitrove such application. In making such a decision the board of 
^icat toil shall take Into consideration the opportunities, for free vocational 
fining In the commimlty In which the applicant resides; the financial 
status of the community ; the. age. preparation, aptitude and prevloas 
record of the applicant; and all oth^ relevant circumstances 
2. The city or town In which the person resides, who has been admitted 
. BS above provldeth to an approved Independent Industrial, agricultural or 
household arts school maintained by another city or town, shall pay suc^h 
, tuition l^ee as may be fixed by the board of education; and the Gomminwe* th 
shall reimburse such city or town, as provided for In this act If auVcttv 
or town neglects or refuses to pay for such tuition It shall be liable ’ther^r 
In an act on of contract to the city or town, or cities and towns, maUitnlnlng 
the school which the pupil, with the approval of the stild board, attended * 
Stc. 8. Independent Industrial, ngrlculturnl, 'and household arts schools 
shall, so long as ttey are approved by the board of education a.s to organlza- 
tlon, control location, equipment, .courses of study, qualifications of teacbe^ 
methods of instruction, coudltrons of admission, employment of puX and 
expenditures of money constitute approved local or district Independent 
vocational schools, Cities and towns maintaining such approved l^l or 

^ '■«««'' e reimbursement us pro 

vided tn flections 9 and 10 of this act. • yru 

Sac. 9. 1. The Commonwealth, In ortler to aid In the maintenance of an- 
prov^ local or district Independent Industrial and household aru schools and 
of Independent agricultural schools consisting of other than agricultural de 
ll^enls In high sc^ls, slu.ll, as provided In this act. pay annually from Uie 
t^reasiipr to cities and towns maintaining such schools an amount eqlial to on^ 
half ;Jie sum to ^ known as the net maintenance sum. Such net maintenance 
sum shall be wised by local taxation and expended for the mnlntenanM of 
such a <Kh<ml, lew the amount, for the same, period, of tuition claims, Vmld or 
-unpaid, and receipts from the work of pupils pr the sale of products^ * “ 

. CHles. and towna maintaining approved local or district Independent 
aplcultural whools coiislsUng only of. agricultural departmajuT l^hSi 
schools jtoll bo reimbursed by the CommonWealth, as provided in this act 
of two-thirds of the Salary paid to the Instructors In snch 
«*Tl™ltbral deMrtmenta: Provided. That the total amount^ money ex- 
, hj the Commonimlth In the reimbursement, of such cities and towns 

1 ^^^ . Mlarlee of such Inst^ctora tor ^ given year shajl not exceed 

■■■ 








TECHKIOAL; INDUSTBIAL, Aj|^ VOCATIONAL BDUCATIONj 229 

3. pities and towiia Uxat have paid claims for tnltion In apfiroved local 
or district independent vocational whools shall be reimbursed* by the Com- 
monwealth. as provided in this act, to the extent of one-half the sums ex- 
pended hy such cities and towns in payment of such claluis. 

Sec. 10. On or before the first Wednesday of January of each year the 
hoard of education shall present to the general court a statement of the 
amount expended previous to the preceding 1st day of December by cities 
and towns in the maintenance of approved local or district Independent voca- 
tional schools, or In payment of claims for tuition In such schools, for which 
such cities ajid towns should receive reimbursement, as provided In this 
act. On the basis of such a stateuiout the general court may make an appro- 
priation for the reimbursement of such cities and towns up to such 1st 
day of December. ch. 471, May 26, 3911. 

Massachusetts: The school ^commit tee, or other board of trustees, for vocational 
education, may establish and malntalii separate evenlug classes In houw'hold 
and other practical arts. *To be open to w'omen over 17 years of age em- 
ployed during the -day. May receive State aid under chap. 471. Acts 1911. 

Ch. 300. Fob. 16, 1912. 

MussarhusetU: The fiscal year of textile schools shall begin July 1 each year. 

Ch. 445. Apr. 6, 1912. 

Massaeiiusetts: Appropriatlou to pay half of the cost-of the tuition of puidls 
In iudepeiident Industrial tfJhools. Under ch. 471, 1911. 

Ch. 450. Apr. 8, 3912.' 

^Massachusetts: Appropriating 418,338 for additional e<iuipment for the Ixxwell 
Textile School. Ch. 730, June 13, 1912. 

Montana: Providing for manual and Industrial training. 

All ST'hool districts having a population of 5,000 or more shall, and districts, 
of less population may, maintain at least one manual Training school suitably 
equlpi>ed to furnish manual and Industrial iastructiou to pupils above the 
fifth grade. 

In all school districta having a population of 10.000 or more there sbnll be, 
and in districts of less popnlatlou there may be, schools or special courses In 
conuectlon with manual training schools, or city or county hl^h schools, de^ 
signed to furnish direct vocational training. Ch. *131, Mar. 8, 1911, 

New Mexico: Providing for industrial education. 

/ State board of education may prescribe a ’course of study In Industrial edu- 
cation, including bousebold arts manual training, and agriculture, and may 
make rules and regulations for such instruction In the pnblic schools. State 
sui>erlnteudent shall appoint a State director of industrial e<lucatIon. 

Ch. ^2, ^une 10, 1912, 

Oklahoma: Memorial Ixiug the Congress of the United States to appropriate 
jinnuaUy to each State and Territory a sum equal tdiU per head of txopula- 
tlon for aiding elementary and secondary schools, with especial reference to 
industrial subjects. g. Con. Res. No. 28,-Mar. 6, 1931. 

Rhode Island: Increasing from |S,000 to fll.lOO the appropriation for State 
beneficiaries at the Rhode Island School of Design. Ch. 825, Apr. 26, 1912. 

Rhode Island: AnthoridDg State aid for Industrial education. 

1. Town$ providing. Instniction in manual training and household arts 
Bhal! receive from State one-half of cost of apparatus. 

2. Any town which establishes and maintains day or evening courses for 
vocational education, including instmcUon In agriculture and training In 
mechanic arts and other industrial arts, shall receive froin^tte State one-half 
of the entire exiiense for same. Buildings, land* and equipment not Included, 
Manual training not tndaded. Appropriation, ^000 annually. " 

Gh* 846,,May 1912. 


280 ' 


EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION AND DEOISIONS. 


O. (b) Agriculture* . 

Alabama; Amending sections 60, fff, and 67 of the Code of 1907. 

IncreitBos the npjnoprljttloii tn eiu’h of the nine congressional district nerl* 
schools from fl.500 to $7.r>00 annualiy, 

Provides ttiat not iess than $l.r)00 annually shall be expended in maintain- 
itig ‘departments of farm inoohaulcs and household arts 
KeQuires.ali male, pupils re<-elvliig free tuition to take the couse in ngri- 
culture, horticulture, and faru» mechanics and all other pupils receiving free 
tuition to take the couse la ngricultare. horticulture, and houseliold arts. 

Act -ItM. i). 027, Apr, 22. 1011. 

Arkansas; Amending wH'tlon .'1 of Act 100 of the I^ws of 1909. ' 

\ Ki.v^time of e^)Initiou 4if tenim of trustees of State agricultural schools 

\ ^ ^ Act ||0. p. IM, Apr. 10. 1011. 

Cidlfornia:\Appropriatln^^ for the construction and luiproveineht of 
hHMdingH on\he nniver.sity>Hnu at I>avis. C\i. ri2t>. Apr. 21, 1911. 

California; Pro^ijig for experWnt and reMCarcb work in vltlcnllnre at the 
exiKM^HiuuU stati(\itt iluMTiilveisV of Caiifond . (,’h T.Ki. Apr. 21. 191 1. 

Colorado ^ KKt Uhl l.shiHg a srhool ojf iWtlcuItnre and forestry at Grand June 
tioii Indh^u Sclmol IirsMesa Cotin! y. cb. 02, Apr. 2S. 1911. 

Colorado: KKtahli.sbiug itNschool of agriciVure and mechanic nrts at the Fort 
l.ewis School in iMatjoCturnty. Oh. 16. Jnii. 2t». 1911. 

Georgia: Antliorixlug the boaVd of trustees of the Fotirth District Agricultural 
and Mecbniilcal School to le^^e for a term Dot\ex<*ee<llng ^ 3 *ears certain 
givmnds- on the schoot proi>ertX In Carroll Counhi to the Fourth District 
Agricultuml ami Mechanical School Fair Assoclanbu. and to iiernilt the 
erection thereon of necessary luill^iigH fur the imriw^of ^holding niiuual 
fairs In the Interest of agricultural sWeuce and mechauIcjifHtrts. niul general 
ativanamieiit of Industries In sahl district. No. 35r)T^Aug. 5, 1910. 

Georgia: Ffttahllsblng the Agricultural, Imhistrlal, and Normal College at VaK 
dost a and appropriating therefor. \ No. 250, A tig. 2.V1Q11. 

Georgia; Making i>ermmiorit the existing b^darles of agricultural 
districts, without reference to future congresslb^ial districts. 

\ No. 241. Aug. 19. 1911. 

Georgia: Appropriating $7,500 for a donnUory for \|ie First Dlstrfct Agricul- 
tural and Industrial School at Statesboro. No. p. 18, Aug. 10, 1912. 

Maryland: Appropriating $10,000 for ground and buiXling for the Caroline 
County Agricultural High School. Cl)tM34. Apr. 8, 1912. 

Maryland: Authorizing and, requiring the county corn'iiiuVuiers of Caroline 
County to raise $7.trf)0 by tax on Rldgely district and $7,5tW by tax on the 
(•ounty, to be used for the building for the County AgrlcultiiXil fll^ School 
,'ot Rldgely. Ch. 686, W. 8, 1912. 

Massachusetts: Directing the board of education to InvesUgnte theNadvisablllty 
of ostobllahlng an agricultural school In or near the city of Boston^i 

Resolves, ch. 100, June 20, 1011. 

Michigan: Amending an act to provide for the establishment of county schools 
Instead of one. No. 20, Mar. 81, IWl. 

Pfpvtdes for State aid. not exceeding $4.00g annually,, to two such schODls 
of manual training, iand domestic economy. \ ^ 

any school district to establish and malnUln tmde. ‘ 
^ vocation^, Industiial, marine, and manual training schools, school gym- 
^ naslums, and scholarships, and to accept g^fts, legad^ and devlsea. for any 
of SM purpotan, ' r *. 




technical^ industrial, and vocational EDUOATioN. 281 


\ 

Recy^lres ronsent of majority of qualified electors- voting at any annual 
lueetiiig: a general , In x may be levied Upon the taxable property of the dls- 
trlr-t to defray the cost and expense thereof. No 22, Mar. 24v 1911. 

Minnesota: Amending chapter 24T, 1009, relating to departments of agriculture, 
maiiaul training, and domestic economy in State high and graded schools. 

Increases from 10 to 30 the number of schools to be designated to receive 
State am. . • ^ " 

Qunliflcntlons of teachers in such shall be fixed by the State 

lilgli-stdiool board. Instruction shall be free to Inhabitants of the proper dis- 
trict (Instead of the State) ; the charge for- nonresident pupils shall not 
exct*ed $2.50 each i>er month for tuition, aiul the snld sniu‘.ihall be paid by 
the ^:;8trIctH of their residence. In addition to State aid previously provided 
(namely. $2,500 per annum) each centrai school shall recelve«$150 for every 
rural school associated with It. and each such rural schwil shall receive $50; 
bul no school sliall receive an amount exceeding two-thirds the sum actually 
expended upon Its agrieidtnral and iaidnstri:il department. State np|(nx*)rla- 
tlnii. $105,000 (lust end of $25.'()0()) imnually. Halses from 1 to 2 mills the 
mlninjiuo tax levy In sssoclnted dlstrlctsf; aiu) reuu)ves former maxtuium of 4 
inillH. The associntetl board may procure n tract of taml In one or more of 
the :)ss(x.‘!uted rural (llstrlcts for denu|n8tration and ex|MTiment; and may 
submit to a vote of tlje nssociatoil rural dlsKk-ts the qnc^itioif of levying a 
tux for an industrial and ugrlciiliural bnlldluKN Ch. .S2. Apr. 5. 1911. 

Minnesota: I^rosidlng for the teaching of certain industrial subjects In high 
and graded schools. 

Any high school or graded school which shall maintain such a worse as 
ilie high-school board of this Sti.te shall prescribe In agriculture and either In 
houie economics or in lunnunl traluing shall receive annmilly. in addition to 
other aid, the sum of $1,000 for maintaining such industrial courses, to be paid 
from the appropriations made for State qid to high and graded schools.' This 
aid shall not be paid to any school recelvidg aid under any other act for the 
maintenance of Industrial course)^. Cb. 91. Apr. 7, 1911, (Aug. 1, 1911.) 

Mississippi: All act to provide for the establishment of county avglcuUural 
high schools and to provide for the equipment and maintenance of same. 


Section 1. The county school board in each ebunty is authorized to estab- 
lish not more than two agricultural high schools, one for white youths exclu- 
sively and the other for colored youths exclnsvely. in wIilcU Instruction shall 
be given in theoretical and practical agriculture, domestic science, and In 
such other bnincbes as the boanl may prescribe, subject to the approval of the 
State board of etlucatlon. • . 

Skc. 2. The* board of supervisors of any county where an agricultural high 
school shall have been established by the school board slmll levy' taxes on the 
liable pro|)erty of Uie county for the supiiort of the sjild school. If two 
have been established, n separate tax shnlt be levUnl for each school. - 
fry^^or any year for agricultural high schools shall not exceed 2 infllB 
fur each If 20 per cent of the qualified electors of the county protest 
In writing ag^t the tax levy for either one or both schotils, then the ques- 
tion slmll be submUted to an election of the qualified electors of the county. 

Skc. 3. The gove?l»qent or control of agricultural high schools of a couW 
sliali be vested lira lmI<of five trustees. 

Skc, 4. If their respectlv&^^q^ool boards so decide, t\vo adjacent counties 
Diaj unite in establishing an ngf^iiqltural hlgh^School, or two schoolA one for 
each race. The government, of suchsj^nt s^ool or Schools shall be vested 
in 11 trustees, D from each county^ anf>hgiO so named to el4ct the eleventh 
member. Special taxes shall be levied in of the counties concerned for 
the support of the joint school; the spebtal tStesJevy may be annulled' by 
popular, vote in either county, In which case the otkgr county may pruce^ 

. . Independently, as if the union had not been fortned. 

- Sac. 5. Provides for Inspection by the State superintenden^><^ucatlon add 
reimrt to the SUte.boara of education. If the State board It shall 

^vdraw nh order bn the nudltoy' intovor of the county treasurer foi^ 

In favor of the titttteea of the high school or schools, huum 

* anpujally for this amount No? over |l;t^Bbaa i 

V .. .. ... ..... 





m 


B>V(UZtOHAL LBOfflUnOK AHD PSOmOHB. 


SSm «eli00l iB e^bliataed an amount not ezceedlnc $S,OQO may 1)« 

SUhi *t*,**^ *“y agrlcoltural blgh^ool 

edncaUpn has approved the plans of its bnlldlnaa 

ana ics conrae of stuo^, 

Sbc. 0. Aoootmts and reportB. 

.*1“®"’.?' *f?««***o* «ch county shall be Ote Judges of the 
eligibility of all applicants for admission as.stadents, and »>*»» not admit 
any applic^t ^ose* mental of moral characteristics are such as would be 
detrimental to the morals of t^ schooL Clh* 122, Mar. 16. IMO. 

lOscisslppl: An act relating to agricnltnral blg^ achoola 

groun^ balldlngs, and moneys of agricnltnral high ^A>ls 
. eeUbllihed under the law of 4908 shaU be ntUised by the trnsteM ofaCTi^ 
cnlt^ high schools established under the act of March 16. 1910, who sSu 
succeed to all such property and funds. Ch. 126, Mar. 21, 1910. 

MiasiaaipiH: An act to appropriate money for the aid of agricultural high 
schools during the years 1909, 1910. and 1911. 

provisions of the act of March 16. 
IWO, durl^Ae years 1909-10 and 1910-11. . Ch. 46. Mar. 30. 1910. ^ 

Mississippi: 'Conntfes may Issue bonds to aid In tiie establishment of county 
agricultural hlghs.scbool& Must be put to popular vote If demanded by 10 
per cent of the tax payers The action of supervisors In issuing bonds will 
be nul\lfled by adverse votp. . ch, 150, Mar. 6. 1912, ' 

Mississippi: Appropriation to counties for a^cultural high schools Increased 
^ from 11.500 fb $2,000 per year If the number of boarding students exceeds 
8(^ or to $2,600 If the number of such stod^ts exceeds 40. 

Ch. 264, Mar. 11, 1912. 

"athorixlng a county to establish an agricnltural 
I? white youth, to be supported by taxable proper^ held not 
to abridge the privilege or Immunities of a certain class of dtlxens.— McFar- 
hugl, tax wUector. et al. r. Golna, 60 So.. 493. 

Ketn^sska: Sstabllshlng a school of agriculture west of longitude 99 and south 
Jit the fourth standard parallel, for the promotion of agricultural and stock- 
raisi^ InterestA 

The said Khwl shall be under the control and management of the board 
university. Appropriation for buildings and 
ment, $100,000. Ch. 138, Mar. 21, 1911. 

Kew Tork: Amending *the education Tow. 

^ of education of any city, and In a dty not having 

the officer having the management and supervision of 
ue publlc^ool syst^ may estqbll^ acquire, conduct, and maintain as 
a part of the pubUo^schod gystem of such dty ttie following : 

1. GmMrsl Indnstiial schools opmi to pupils who have completed the els- 
0*^ who have attained the age of 14 years; and, 

' ^ Trade schMls op«i to pupils who have attained the age of 16 years 

and have rampleted either’ ths'elementary school course or a coarse in the 
sbeve -meatloned general Industrial school or who have met snch other 
teqrirMDentB as the local school anthorltleh may have prescribed. 

-Jr ?**®®*® mechanic arts, and bome-maUng, open to panlls 

Who Mve com^tM the ^ementary school oonrse or who have attained the 
. PtJ <« 34 or have ihet soeb odisr reqnlimneota as the local ■fft iinr l 
BOthorlttes may have prescribed, , - • . "mooi 

' SS" S: ** eetabllshed In mdoa ftee-acIio<6 districts, • 

^ '404. Oat tftotlon of the State to snch scboola: ISOOrfbr the first 
, . . law Iter ea^ additional teacher to sold eehools ,“™ 

’ agilciiltnrs st ^ la^rence tlnlvewlty, at 

.Ml *»sUottlavllte atof ifiw oontaeiir f6r the tratotog of 

^ ^ . kumf iMkini r 
i;^^^ati«to. 



*1'.’ wrrc — . ^ -V*" ';* -V, \ "T"' 

' ITCHinOAL^ IiminRIlIAL, AVD T0CAXn>K4i. KDUOATIOK. 288 

schooli fiitablhdied In unlbn frae-ncbool diBtricta. Oradnatee from nwwb ap- 
proved couraee may recebro licensee to teach agricaltnre; m^banlc arts, and 
home making tn the pnbllc'achoola of the State, subject to each rules and regn- 
lations ae the comi^Baloner of education may prescribe. 

Ch. 140. Apr. 22, 1910. 

New York: Making appropri|tIonB for the New York State School of Agricul-' 
ture at MorrievlU& 

Maintenance. |14,000; repairs, equipment, etc.. $11,000; new bamA poultry 
building, greenhouse, mllkhouee, eta. live etock, incubators, brooders, eto« 
$25,050; equipment of laboratories, claesrooma, ebopa, library, etc., $8,025. 

Cb. 195, Apr. 29. 19ia 

New York: Establlahtog the New York State School of Agriculture on Long 
Island. 

The governor appoints nine trustees. Instructioa shall Include agricultural 
science, mechanical arts, and domestic sciraqe, courses for public-school teach- 
ers, and winter^urses for farmers in addluon to the usnal subjects. Appro- 


priation, $50,000 for land and buildings. 


Ch. 319^ Apr. 16. 1912, 




New York: Providing for the purchase of a site and the erection of buildlnge 
for the State School of Agriculture at Coblesklll, Schoharie County. 

Ch. 852. July 28. 1911. 

NorMi CkroUna: Providing for the establishment and maintenance of county 
farm-life schools, -^Dd for the promotion of agriculture and home making.- 

' “The aim of said school shall be tp prepare boys for agricultural pursuits 
and farm life and to prepare girls for borne '^making ahd bohsekeeping on the 
faim. The course of study In said school shall be subject to the approval of 
the State super! fiteudent of public Instruction and an advisory board on farm* 
life Bcboola to be appointed by him : Provided^ howtver, Tlmt the ^qrse of 
study shall Include practical work on the farm by the boys and practical work 
in all subjects relating to housekeeping and home making by the glris."' 

Each school shall be coutrolled by a* board of trustees, one member from 
each township, appointed by county board of education for terms of six years, 
terms of one-third lo expire every two years. Such school shall not be located 
in any city or town of over 3.000 Inhabitants or within 2 miles of any dty or 
town of more than 5,000 inhabitants. The connty, township, or school district, 
or all combined, shall provide, by taxation or otherwise, &t least $2,500 a year 
for malntenpnce. and ^hall provide a school bnildlng. dormitory, bam, and 
dairy bnildlng, all properly eqnippau, and at least 25 acres of land. Stats 
superintendent may permit reduction to 10 acres. Upon written request of 
board of education of any connty the connty commissioner may order an elec- 
tion to determine whether such school shall be established, and the affirmatlvs 
vote of a majority of electors voting shall be held to aatbortse the levy of a 
tax sutBclent to raise the amount hdrelnb^ore specified for maintenance and 
to pay principal and Interest on bonds for land, buildings, and eqalpm^nt. 

A hlgh-scbopL course shall be maintained in each such school, and It shall 
rec^ve the State and county appropriations provided In public higb-scbool law. 

“ It Bball- be a part of the duty of the faculty of each connty fanq-I)fe 
school to conduct agytcultural farm-life exteoaldn end demonstration work 
In said connty in cooperation as far as possible with such work carried on in 
said .county by the State department of agri^lture, the North Carolina Col- 
lege of Agriculture and 'Mechanic Arts, and the United States Department of 
Agriculture; to hold township and dTstrtct meetings in various of the 
county firom time to time for fkrmers and farmers' wives; to cooperate with 
the county saperinteudoot of public insCmctlon and with the county com- 
mlmloner of ag^ltulture. wtere such oineer, exists, in stimnlaiiiig, dlrecttog. 
and supw^slng practtcal Ihrsi-Ufe work in the public high schools and the 
el^entaty schools of the dinty. and In providing instruction, Uirongh the 
connty teachers’ essodatido, and through special jipoti courses of study at 
aeid eonhtar tknn4ife school, for' the publJoscbool teadiers oi laid county. 
There diau he'j^lded to the courm orjtndy of,sald cAdity fimMife. 
ichoei short ooniaeo tn ’farm-life ttudles to whieh shall be kdnlltted/iidilt ^ 
fernu»% mm and wonwoll and; there Mull be' h^Ataald^igqiiaty;^ 

1 school anauaUr one or mors county oMUngs for the toniefar ^ * 





dd 4 


BDUCATIOHAL UBQISLATlOIf AND DbcIBIONS. 



Sn 5 ^tS^raUa, 4 '.!vC"o 7 t^e »>« 

puV-^hoT 8 y“™l-‘**“'' '“ organirpart ofllVSy 

'“'■ establishment of county ngHculfurirand 
inl*«oDer#*o^^WlS'^”co^y''wb^l”for'l^uMionT*»^ '*1® boni- 

economy. manuHl tnilnine nn/ tnr fho a^cultnre. domestic 

yearly cost of each .schgoJ shall not ex<^ S6 0^ if ® 

the State shall |>ay half ^ e*ceea ?o,ooo, of which sum 

sch^! o' tl>e board of trustees of such 

^ch school established under this act shall be cnnt,^ii^ k V . 
of trustees of Are members. The nroner mnnfl “ board 

member and secretary, and the other^ four iMmh*/r« " 

board of county commlsslopers for terms of four j-eara so 
terms shall expire every alternate vMr • no *'™Dged that two 

peases shall be paid Wl wHie HmlU Mcept actual ex- 

boaid of trustees shall ^temlne the amo»o[^^ «>'d 

and for maintaining the Si ' “ ‘ ^ establishing 

state BiipeHntendent of puWlc InatntcHob aad^thr^^^ractl'Mi f^n ' 
pointed by the governor for three-year terms, w arra^ H if formers, ap- 
Mplw_ annuaUy. The president of the agricultural cSCe shniTL nresl?"'J 
and the raperlntendmt of public InstrucUon shallX LcStJro 
^td shall prescribe the course of study to be pursued In the cmi’nf 
tnraJ and training school^ which shall LcluKiW Ins JSctloTin fh. . 

SgS&fesaSSSHE 

MtabUahed ■ under this net. It is provided that the conmo of ‘ 

tej^rfiment of agrlcntture shall be so fhtmed as to conelate with the 

*9”^“*'* without examination to the next hlghw clan In 
State Agricultural College next fWlowlhg that which thw^sSZnUSJ 

Itoff orSe?Ji?**i^ 'l^wperlntendent of public instruction and tl^ pieg]. 

y“*» “port to the governor relating to property 

^SS^aS'irf^iSwS^ of 



I^OHMtCAL, tlrbUSTBIAL, AlTD VOCAlXOirAL EDTTOATION. ddS 


After it has been decided to establish sadi a school In^ny county* the board 
of county commisaloDers may receive offers of location aitd'^of money from any 
city or village desiring the school and shall accept the offer that Keens best. 

Tuition shall be free to residents of the proper county, and students ftrom 
other counties may be admitted under conditions fixed by the board of trustees. 

Applications for State ^Id ahall be made to the State superintendent of 
public instruction, and shall be considered and determined by the State b<nrd 
of agricultural and training schools. The secretary of the board of trustees of 
each approved school shall annually report to the State superintendent and If 
It shall appear that the school has been satisfactorily maintained for not less 
tliiui nine mouths the State superintendent shall duly certify that fact aud 
the State auditor shall issue bis warrant to the proper county treasurer for a 
Klim equal to one-half the amount exi>ended for maintaining the school during 
Uie year, provided such sum shall not exceed $3,000 in any ode year. 

Gniduates of such schools shall receive certificates equivalent to second- 
grade county teachers* certificates. Such certific.ites ahall lie valid in the 
county of issue for one year, but after one year’s successfnl experience shall be 
validated by the county superlntendem for two additional years. Standings 
obtained by the completion of studies may be accepted within throe years In 
any county lu lieu of examination for a second-grade certificate. 

County boards of two or more adjoining counties may unite In establishing 
an agricultural and training school as contemplated by this act 

The State board of equalization shall levy an amiual tax not to exceed one- 
fifth mill to raise the amount required to pay the State’s share of the cost of 
maintaining the schools establ|^ed under this act. Ch. 2B5, Mar. 6. 1911. 


North Dakota^' Provtdiug for departmeuts ^ 
ami domestic economy in State high, grad< 



riculture. manual ^training, 
consolidated schools. 

.Any such school having proper eqnlpm® and suitably locate may be 
(Mgnated by the State bigh-school hoard to maintain an agricultural depart- 
ment. Requirements ; Trained instructors iu agriculture, manual traiulng. 
Olid domestic science, and not less than 10 acres of suitable land. 

’• Instruction In the InduMiinl department herein jirovlded shall be free to 
all residents of tills State- Where necessary to occ\nmuo<iute a rensonoble 
number of boys «nnd girls able to attend only in the winter months, special 
clnsqeR shall he formed for them. Said department shall offer instruction in 
soils, crops; fertlltzers, drainage. 'farm machinery, farm buildings, breeda of 
lire stock, stock Judging, animal diseases and remedies, production, testing, 
and hauling of milk and cream ; the manufacture of batter and cheese, the 
growth of frtiit and l>eriies, management of orchards, iharket garden and 
vegetable erbps, cereal grains, fine seeds, bookkeeping and farm occoimts, and 
^11 other matters pertaining to general practice.” 

State aid. $2,500 to each school. Not over five shol) be aided first year and 
not over Ave shall be aided in each subsequent twq years. Appropriation, 
$12,500 annuully for two years. Rural schools may be associated with the 
schools uforesaid for the teaching of agriculture and manual training. Tax 
la the ansodated districts, not less thnn 1 mill nor more than < mills in addi- 
tion to' other general and special taxes The principnhor superlatendent shall 
exercise the same shthorl^ over the associated schools as o^^r the central 
schooh and shall prei)are a suitable course of study embodying training and 
Instruction in agriculture and such subjects, as are related to farm life and 
can be successfully taught in nirnl schools. C^be provtstons of this law 
were approved by the governor, excepting the appropriation of $12,fi00 for the 
year ending June 30, 1912. which was vetoed for lack of funda] 

^ Ch. 40, Mar; Ig, 1011.- 

Ohio! To provide for the teaching of agrtcnlture in the common schools of the 
State of Ohio. ■ , ^ 

Agricnlture ahall be added to and made one bf the brands of educatibii 
to he tadgbt In. the common schools of the State. City pcbtol dlptrictiTafe 
erceptCMd tr^ Qie t^vlalona of this law. The fifate shall be divided by the 
. State conunlHtbner of common schools into four ggricaltuyal district^, : ! . 

The Stato commlsslonet of common schools shall superlntoid all emdi . 
ednckUcm ddrigim thls;act, ai^ iiimU aj^nVto ea^ ^ m 
penoD to be known as a . district aoperTleoF W^ 


S 

■■4 




TBOHNIOAL^ nn>n8TOIAL; AJITD VOCATIONAL BDUOATION. 2B7 
O. (c) Trade. 

Alabama: Providing for the eeta^llBbrnent of the Alabama School of Trades 


and Induehy at ^Ragland, Ala., and appropriating $50,000 therefor. 

Provides that of the amount appropriated $30,000 shall be expended for 
buildings and equipment and the remnlalng $20,000 for nmlntenance for a 
term of four years. X Act 370, p. 383, Apr. 12, 19U. 

Indiana: Authorizing Ay cltjr school district containing a population of over 
200.000 to maintain a trade school upon donated property ami to levy a of 
3 cents per $100 therefor, Ch. 63, Mar. 1, 1911. 

Maryland: Authorizing the State board of undertakers to esiubllBh a school of 
Instruction In practical embalming and undertaking. Ch. 468, Apr. 11, 1910. 

Massachusetts: Directing the board of education to investigate the ndvlBablllty 
and cost of establishing and.-malnttiliilng In. Taunton and Attleboro a State 
school for designing, modeling, and manufacturing silverware and jewelry. 


Massachusetts: Directing the board of education to inspect and report upon all 
textile schools and schools^or thedenf aided by the State. 


Wisconsin: Amending section 926-928 of the Statutes, providing for the eetab- 


Massachusetts: Directing the board -of ediicatloh to Investigate the matter of 
part-time schooling for working children. Resolves, ch. 64, Apr. 20. 1911. 

- Wisconsin: Creating sections 553p-l to 653p-15, inclusive, of the Statutes, 
relating to- education In Industrial, Tomnierclal, continuation, and evening 
schools and the maintenance of the Stout Institute, and {n$king appropriation 
therefor. 

SECTIo^ 653p-l. 1. There is hereby created a State board of Induatrial 
education, to be appointed by the ‘governor The board shall consist of six 
appointive members, three of whom shall be employers of labor and three 
of whom shalj be skilled employees. The State 8ui>erlntendent of education 
and the dean of the extension department and the dean of the college of 
engineering of the University of WlBconsln shall be ex officio members of 
this board. ^ ‘ 

**2..Each appointive member shall hold office for two years, and shall receive 
traveling expenses and $100 per year. In the first appointments the governor 
^all designate three members to serve for one year and three meibbera 
tb serve for two years from the 1st day of July of the year In which the 
appointments are made. All appointments thereafter shall be for years, 
except appointments to fiirvacancies, which shall be for the uuexpir^ portion 
of the term. - _ 

••^3. Said board-(l) Shall have control over all State aid given nnder 
sectlonB 653p-l ,to 563p-16, Inclusive; (2) shall- meet qunrteriy and /it anch 
other times as may be found necessary ; (3) shall reiK>rt biennially. 

**8ec, 503p-2. L The State suporlntondcnt of education shall appoint 
an assistant in the department of public instruction to be Imowu as the 
asaisUnt fdr^jndnstrlal edneatton. ' He shall,^with the adrice, consent a&d 
direction of the' State snp^ntendent of education, have snj^rrlstoil 

over the pnbUc indUidtlfa e^odls and over all DUbllc eveniha schOoW mn. 


Resolves, ch. 16, p. 870. Feb. 20, 1912. 


Resolves, ch. 31, p.' 877, Mar. 25, 1912. 


llshment nnd mnhitenance of trade soboolH In the S Wisconsin. 



Reduces from one-hnlf of 1 mill td tbree-tenths of 1^11 the amount of tax 
which may be levied for the support of trade schools. Ol 101, May 8, 1911. 


0. (d) Continuations. 







238 


EDUCATIONAL LEQI8LAHON AND DBOISIONB. 


“a The salary of the asaJstaat shall be fixed by the State suDerlntendent 

“The" 8 JTp ‘‘-.‘ i* ° indnstrlal Snciltlo^ 

superintendent shall hare In addition to the assistant for 

Ze ^^r^^eld” 

bemie^'ltyCIrrv-lTe^xatL^^tl^^^^^ 

^ incisive But the total salary list exclusive of tL^TaT ^he a^n{ 
shall not exceed $10,000 for any one yeflir. assistant 

assistant shall have all necessary expenses to .attend conventions 
InvestlKntions within or outside of the State when such expenses 
rta^ll have he«i previously authorized hy the State superintendent of 

. 1 ,** 5^P-8- 1- In every town or vlllnfte or city of over .VOOO Inhabitants 

there shall and In towns, cities, nnd vlllnges of less than 5.000 Inhabitants 
mere may bft ® tonrd of Industrial education, whose duty It shall be 
to foster and ^ahllsh and maintain Indu-strlal. commercial, oontlniintlun, 
schMis. Said ^nrd may take over and maintain In the manner 
Smllai^natui^* 5o3p-l to 553p-16, inclusive, any existing schools of 

nr'fhp Superintendent of schools ex officio, 

nr tht *1 *h<»l ex officio. If there be no city superintendent, 

or the prMident or chairman of the local board charged with the snpenlslon 
of the schools. In case there be neither of the above-mentioned officers nnd 
four other members— two employers and two employees— who shall be an- 

charged with the supervision of the schools and 
who shall serve without p^y. ^ ^ 

"3. The term of t^-appolhUve members of the local boards of Industrial 
education shall beJWlffi years from- the 1st of January of the In which 
th^y^ npiwInWS: provided, however, that In the first nprolntinent two 
tnem^ shall be appointed who are to serve for only one year from the 

anm'lLmon'tp'Il »n appointed. All subs^uent 

appointments shall ^ for two .venrs. exceitt appointments to fill vacnncles. 
which slmll be for the unexpirod portion of the term 
“ 'I®".'''’ Indnstrlal education shall elect Its officers from Its 

membership, a chairman and a secretary. The local boards of Industrial 
edmmtlon. with the coo^ratlon of the State board of lndu.strlal educntlou 
shall have general supervision of the Instruction In the KR.nl schools crea'ted 
under sections 553p-l to Sl^p-15. Inclusive. 

A ^ granted to schools created under section 553t>-l 

inclusive, without the approval of ihe local board of 
dustrlal education, ^o money appropriated by the city, town or vllhi^ 

, for these schools shall be spent without the approval of the local board of 
Industrial education: . . ' 

*|6. The teachers. in the schools created under sections 553p-l to 553p-15 “ 
todurive, abell be employed and their qnallflcatlons determined by the local 
IxMrd of InduBtrlal education. 

“ 7. This board' shall have power to purchase all machinery, tools and 
mipplles, and purchase or lease suitable gronnds or buildings for She use of 
tje ifchools under Ita supervision. Existing school buildings and equipment 
lhall .be used as far; as practicable. 

einpowered to make contracts with thn^fenslon division 
of the University of Wlsconstn to give Instnictlon In such branches ns the 
department may offer, when In the Judgment of the local board sucb Instruc- 
non can be secured to better advantage than by local provlsldn. 

.“9. Whenever 26 persons qualified to attend an Industrial, cbmmerclnl con 
ttnhation* or evening school file a pftltlon therefor with the local board of 
industrial education the board shall ^abllsh such school or schools or orovlde 
: Qth^faciUtiea as authorised In sectl^is 663p-l to 66Sp-16, Inclusive, y 

9Mp-4. 1. The local board of industrial education of every^city. vli- 
lage^^or toWh thall repoit to the common council, or village or town clerk *at 
’ W 0^ Sepfembcr In rach year the amount of money reoulred 

the ech^Is.^abllsbed or to be 
*ttctlpn« OTprl to 6B8P-18, IhOaelTe, In eald rily, vilWge, 
of,i»cesearr addlti^.to Mbool ettea, iixtnni. 




TECHNICAL, .INDUSTRIAL, AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION. 239 


“2. There shAll be levied and collected In every city, village, or town, subject 
to taxation under sectlona 653p-l to 568p-lB, Inclusive, a tax upon all taxable 
pt*operty In said city, village, or town, at the same time and In the same man* 
ner as other taxes are levied and collec:ed by law, which, together with the 
other funds provided by law and placed at the disposal of said village, 
or town for the same purpose, shall be equal to the amount of money so re- 
quired by said local board of Industrial education for the purposes of said sec- 
tions. 

**3. The rate of tax levied for 'the purposes of sections 553p-l tV5T>3p-15. 
Inclusive, In any town, village, or city shall not In any one year excoed one- 
half mill for the maintenance of all schools created under said sectlona 

“4. The said taxes for the purpose named In this section shall be in addi- 
tion to all other special and general taxes levied for tpwn,* village, or city 
purposes and shall be for the ude and support of schools established under 
sections 553p-l to 553p-15, Inclusive. 

** 5. The treasurer of the town, village, or city shall keep such money sep- 
arate from all other money, to be used exclusively for the purpose of indus- 
trial education ns provided In sections 553p-l to 553]>-15, Inclusive. All 
moneys appropriated and expended under said sections shall l>e expended by 
the local board of Industrial education and shall be paid by the town, village, 
or city treasurer on orders issued by said board and signed by its president 
and secretary. 

“ G. All ^neys received by said board shall br paid to the Lowu. village, or 
city trensufer for the fund of the local board of Industrial education. 

“Sec. 5T>:ti)-5. 1. The courses of study in these schools- shall be approved 
by the State superintendent of education and the State board of industrial 
(Hlucntlon, and shall include English, citizenship, sanitation, and hygiene, aud 
the use of safety devices, and such other branches as the State su|>erlntendent 
and the Stf^ board of industrial education shall approve. 

“ 2. The ieMl board of industrial education may allow pupils attending auy 
school established under sections 553p-l to 553i>-15. IncUisIve, who hnve had 
courses equivalent to any of those offered, to substitute other ^vork therefor. 

“ Sec. 5T)3p-G. 1. Not more than $10,000 shall be appropriated from the 
State funds for tbe punH>ses of sections 553p-l to 553p-15, Inclusive, In any 
one city, town, or village, and State .aid shall not be given to more than SO 
schools established under said sections. 

•' 2. A school once granted State aid ^hall be entitlt*d thereto ns long as the 
character of Its work meets with the approval of the State superintendent 
of ofluotation and the State board of ludustrlnl education. 

“3. The secretary. of the local board of Industrial education of each city, 
town. or. village In which such school or schools are maintained, shall on tile 
1st day of July In. each ye*»r rei>ort to the State superintendent of, education 
the cost of nmintnining the school, the character of the w^ork done! the luim- 
her.^^nes. and quallHcatlone of the teachers employed, and such other. In- 
fc^w^Kas may be requlre<l by th# State sui>erlntendent of edueatlgn. 

**?^P^iich report is satisfactory to the State superintendent of education 
and the State board of Industrial education, and they are satisfietl that the 
school or schools have l>een maintained In a satisfactory manner for not less 
than eight months during the year ending the 30th of the preceding June,' 

, the State siiperlntendent of education shall make a certificate to thnt effect 
and file It with the secretary of state. The secretory of state shall then draw 
a war f imynble to thp treasurer of such city. town, or village in which 
the Industrial school is located for a sum equal to one-half tbe nnionnt 
actually expended In such Industrial school, contlmmtlon school, evening 
school, oc.^commerclnl school, during the preeedlng year, but not more than 
$3,000 shall be appropriated to any one sohooJ lu one year. 

“Sec. 553p-7. The schools •established under se>'tlons to 663 )k15, 

Inclusive, Shan be open to nil r^ldents of the cities, towns, and villages In 
which 0 uch schobls are located, of 14 years of age or over who nre not by 
law required to attend other schools. Any person over ttie age of 14 who 
idiall reside in btiy town, village, or city. not having an industrial school as 
provided In snl^ sections, and who is otherwise qualified to pursue the course 
of Atudji tnay with the approval of the local bpard’of Industrial education In 
any town, village, or city .having a school established under said sections, be ' 
allowed to attend any school under their snp^lsion. 8nch> persons shefi be 
sn^eetto the same rules and regulations as pupils of the school ^ho are. 


240 


1D0OATEOKAL XSOISLATXOK AITD DEOISI&Zr& 


** Sta S58p-^ The local board of industrial education is aotborleed to 
charge tuition fee for nonresident pupils U 9 t to exceed 50 cents per week. 
On or before the 1st day of July in each year the secretary of the local board 
of Indnstrlal education ahall send a sworn statement to the clerk of the city> 
Tillage* o^ town from which any such person or persons may have been 
admitted. This statement shall set forth the residence, name* nge* and date 
of entrance, to such school* and the -number of weeks* attendance during the 
preceding year of each such person at the school. It shall show the amount 
of tuition wfllch under the provisions of this act the town, city, or village 
la entitled to receive on account of each and all such pupils’ attendance. 
This atatement shall be filed as a claim ngalnat the town* village* or city 
where such pupil resides and allowed as other claims are allowed.” 

** Sec. 553p-9. Students attending any school under sections 553p-l to 553p-15, 
Inclualre, may be required to pay for all mhterlal consumed by them in their 
work In such school at cost prices or in lieu thereof the school board may 
establish a fixed sum to be paid by each student in each course* which sum 
shall be sufficient to cover, as nearly aS may be, the cost of the material to 
be consumed In such course; any manufactured articles made in such school 
and that may accumulate shall be disfwsed of at tl^eir market value at the 
discretion of the school board* and the proceeds shall be paid to the local 
treasurer for the fund of the local board of industrial education. 

Sec. 653p-10. The State board of industrial education shall also constitute 
a body corporate under the name of the “ Board of Trustees of the Stout 
Institute,** and shall possess all powers necessary or couvenleut to accom- 
plish the objects and perform the duties prescribed by law.. In such capacity 
such board shall also employ such clerks and assistants as may be>ne«C8sa]:y 
to properly conduct It afiftiirs. The State treasurer shall be ex officio treas- 
urer of the board, but the* board may opiwint a suitable person to receive fees 
or other moneys that may be due such board, to disburse ^ny part thereof, 
to account therefor, and to pay the balance to the State treasurer. 

** Sec. 5{S8p-ll. Such boffrd is authortze<l to accept free of cost to the State 
and to bold as a trustee for the State, the property of the Stout Institute, 
located at Menominee* Wls., and to maintain such iustitute under the name of 
“The Stout Institute”: Provided. That the trustees of said Stout Institute 
turn over to the State, within two months after the passage and publication of 
this act, said property free and clear of all Incumbrnnces and debt, rele:i«ed 
from all claims or Interest which the city of Menominee or the heirs of James 
H. Stout may have had In said property, and having put the buildings lu 
good condition and having made such repairs as may be necessary before 
turning over said property. The board is also authorized to accept such other 
property or moneys os it may deem advisable to be accepteci which can 
profitably be used by It lu promoting the Intet^sts intrusted to It. Such board 
may purchase, have, Jboldi possess, and enjoy, in trust, for the Staie, for 
educational purposes, any lands, tenements, hereditaments, goods, and chat- 
tels of any nature which may be necessary and requTfed to accomplish the 
purposes aqd objects of the board, and may sell or dispose of any personal 
property when InMts judgment it shall be for the interests of the State 
*VStc.653i>-12. The purposes and objects of the Institute Bhall be to instruct 
young persons in Industrial arts and occupations and the theory and art of 
teaching such, and to give such Instruction as will lead to a fair knowledge 
of the liberal arts, a just and seemly appreciation of the nobility and dignity 
^ labor, and in general to promote diligence, economy, efficiency, honors and 
good cltlBensbli^ ^ 

** Sec. 5G8i>-l^' The said board shall have' power: ‘ * 

•Ml) Xo make rules, regnlations, and bylaws for the government and‘ 
management of the institute and the students therein, Including the power 
to suspend or egpel students^for misconduct or other cause. 

“(2) To eppolnt a president of the institute' and other ofllcere, teachers, 
^sslstents, and to employ snob other persons as may be required* to fix 
the salary of each person so appointed or employed and to prescribe their 
spToral duties j to remove at treasure any. president, other officer, teacher, 
asmstaott nr pe^n from any . office or employment In connection with the 
matltute, . ■ , - ' 

^ supplies as liugr be neoessaiy in the Conduct of tfie 

Tiiriotts depar^enti, ^ ^ 










241 


HIGHEB EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 

“(4) prescribe rules, regulatlona, and terms for the adniissten and 
control of the students; to prescribe courses of study and methods aud means 
of instruction; and to Issue, ce.rtiflcates or dipromas. 

"(6) To cooperate with other educational institutions and ageinies In 
instruction and training, leading to efficiency in Industrial arts and occupations. 

‘‘ Sec. 653p-14. There Is hereby appropriated out of any ihoney In the State 
treasury not otherwise appropriated, a sum sufflcient to ^rry Into effect the 
provision of sections 553p-l to 553p-15, Inclusive. However, in no case 
shall the sum appropriated for the purpose of carrying out the provisions 
of this act exceed the sum of $30,000 during the fiscal year ending July l.v 
1012, nor more than $55,000 per tninnin thereafter. Twenty thousand dollars 
of the above moneys sh.ill be set' aside annually,, beginning July 1, 1911, for 
the purpose of maintaining the Stout Institute* as provided In sections 553p“10 
to 553p-13, inclusive. 

** Sec. 653i>- 15. 1. All acts and parts of acts conflicting with any provisions 
of this act are repealed In so far as they are Inconsistent therewith: Pro- 
vided, hotoever. Nothing In this act shall he construed to Interfere In any 
manner with trade schools establUhed um’er sections 920-22 to 920-30, in- 
clusive, and amendments thereof, unless the scliool board of any such city 
or school district shall by a majority vote adopt the provisions of this act, 
and shall proceed la thO manner provided for. for every town, village, or 
city of over 5,000 Inhabitants, as provided In said sections. 

*'2. This act shall take effect and be In force from aud after Its passage 
and publication.’* • v % . Ch. 616, July 7. 191L 


higher educational institutions. 


% 


(a) General. 

AHzona: Authorizing the boani of control to employ th^ board of special 
amlners to complete the preparation of a uniform and comprehensive system 
of accounting for Shite Inrtitutlona "(Sp. sess.). Ch. 25, June 14, 1912. 

Florida: Conferring the right to eminent domain upon the. board of control of 
State educational institutions. Ch. 6174 (No. 55), June 3, 1911. 

^Florida (1911) : Devise to State Institution of learning held not to lapse by 
the technical abolishment of the Institution hv Ja ws 1905, ch. 5334, where 
the institution IsAromptly reestabllshedoMdreactlon Is taken by the heirs. 
Devise or bequest to State controlled institution of learning held not to 

Mapee by reason of change of policy as to coeducation. ^ 

Testamentary gift to State institution of learning at Tallahassee held to 
continue to vest li^the institution, notwlthstaudlng changes in policy, and the 
fact that Ihe testator was himself an alumnus.^Lewis et al. v. Oaillard et al., 
66 So., 2$1. 



Maryland: The State board of education may prepare and publish annually a 
list of approved colleges' and universities and determine by by-laws the 
standai^ for said approval Oh. 169, Apr. ^ 1912. 

Massachosctts: Petitions relating to the granting of degrees shall be filed with 
the State board of edficatlon, which shall transmit the same to the general 
couit with recommendations. Ch. 481, Apr. 12, 1912. 

Mississippi: An act to fix the time to be covered by the biennial reports of the 
various institntloDB and departments of government of the State of Missis- 
slppl.; 

^ery educational eleemosynary, aed other institution supported In whole 
er in part by the State shall biennially make to the legislature a detailed 
report covering the biehuiai period en<Hng June 80. Copies of all. such re- 
ports shall be delivered to the secretary of .state for transmission to «tb 
printer not 1$ ter. than July 16 thereafter, . Ch. 116, Apr^lfi^ 161(1 


242 


KDUOATIOIfAL LEGISLATION AND DECISIONS. 




Mlsslgalppi; An uct to prohibit the appointment of memhers of the legislature. 
State officers, and Judicial officers as memhers of hoards of trustees of anv 
educational Institutions or any eleemosynary Institutions of the State. ^ 

D t, . , Ch. J13 1910. 

Became a law Jan. 7, 19^0, without the signature of the governor. 

Now Hampshire: Appropriating $20,000 annuaHy to Dartmouth College. 

«ew Hampshire. 2I8. Apr. 15. 1911. 

New Jersey; No school or Instltutl. n of learning In the State shall confer «nv 
degree or (Tegrees until the terms and conditions of the same shall he ap- 
proved by the State board of etlncatlon. Does not apply to schools or Institu- 
tions conducted for 25 years or more or to puhllc school system. 

’■Penalty, $500 for each offehse. - ch. 315, Apr. 1. 1012. 

New York: Authorizing the eltrof Buffalo to contract with the University of 
Buffalo to provide for the free education of the Inhahltunts of the sold city 
and to raise money for ^ald purpose. 

The city may appropriate annually not exceeding $75,000 for such purnose • 
JSnt^c? “ “““ Instructed shall he spccltle!l lu the 

' Ch. 33, Mar. 12. 1910. 

■Poi^ Rico: Empowering municipalities to maintain students In colleges and 
universities of the Uulte<l States. ' 19, Mar 9 lOll 

South Carolina: Providing for a nnlforni method of awarding scholarslilps In 
the State Institutions of higher »*diicatlon. Act No. .55. Fch. 17. 1911. 

Wisconsin: To amend section 390 of the Statutes; to ameSd section 1 of clihp- 
ter 14, Laws of 1905, special session, ns amended hy section 2 of chapter 42.S 
Lawa,of 1907, and by section 4 of chapter 300. Laws of 1909; to amend section 
2 of chnpter 320. Laws of 1905. as amended by section 3, chapter 428 Ijiws 
of 1907. and by section 5 of cbtipter .306. Ijtws of 1009; to create section ;toin 
of the Statutes ; to amend sectlon8.,1404J and 1404-12m ; to repeal section 4(HIa 
and to create a new section, to be designated 406a of the Statutes; and to 
create section 392u of the Statutes, and to amend 392x of the Statutes prd- 
vldlpg for the purchase of lands by the regents of the university; retntlng to 
the university, the normal schools, the department of extension and corre- 
spondence of the university, to the agriculturili department of the Uul>-er,if„ 
and to the WlMonsln mining trade school; and making an appropriation 
therefor. ^ Ch. 631, July 10, 1911. 

WU’oonsia: Changing the name of Northwestern University at Watertown to 
Northwestern College. 283, June 7, 1911. 


P. (b) Finance; Lands; Support. 


Colortdo: Appropriating money for the University of Colorado to be expended 
on new, bnlldings. compl^etlon of bnlldlngi^ and Improvement of grounds. 

Ch. 72. June 5. lOii, 

a dlsspprov«l that part of tha act which appropHates $60,000 for 

OMrglai Appropriating $36,000 to the State university for a building for shops 
^r the State School of Technology ; co^Ungent upon the expenditure of *16 OOO 
raised by private donation. ^ n^. 451. Aug. 13. 191O- 

*10) Amending sections 79W and 7919 of the Qenerai Code, 
of director* of moidclpal nnlver^tleay colleffee. or 




HIOHEB BDtrOATION'AL IKSTTTUTION'S, 


248 


further provlaloQ for the liivestmeDt of funds belonging to such InstltutloDs or 
the expenditure of such funds in the Improvement of any "real or leoiehold 
estate under control of .snld institution. 

^ l^aws 1910, pp. 237-2;t8. May^ 17, 1910. 

Ohio: Kxeiupting from taxation certain property of municii>al imlv^rsitlee. ' 

H. B. No. 05. p. 32, Mar. *6, 1911. 

Ohio: See n (d). 

Oregon: , Memorializing the President and CongrertR of'tiie, United States and 
praying that the lands and buildings of the Kurt Walla Wnlln Millutry 
vation I>e gninted to Whitman College. 

H. J. .Memorial No. 4. Feb. 2. 1911. 

Sonth Dakota: Appropriating $20,500 for the improvement of certain build- 
ings at the University of So\ith Dakota. Ch, SO, Mar, 3, 1911, 

Washington: Authorizing the board of regenis of the State college to purchase 
adjoining land. ^ Ch. 113, Mar, 17, 1911. 

Wyoming: Increasing from f,^*t.000 to $85.tKX) the maxlmnni amount of money 
that may be used for the State university. Funds In excess of amount nec’es- 
sary for current expenses shall constitute a permanent btillding fund. 

Ch, 102, Mar. 1, 1911. 

P. (c) Sta^e Universities And Colleges. 

.Alabama: Making an additional approprlaUon" of $50,000 annually for the 
University of Alabama. Act 330, p. 379, Apr. 12, 1911. 

Arizona: Awards annually to each county one scholarship of $150, to be used 
by holder for tuition, reoiu, and b'oard at the University of Arizona. ComiKUi- 
tive einniinations In each county, four-year high-Hcbool course or equivalent 
required, ^ 24, May 10, 1912. 

Arizona: Appropriating $44,200 for the University of Arizona; $20,000 for 
equipment and $24,200 for buildings and grounds.'" 

Ch. 32, June 15, 1912 (sp. sess*.). 

Arizona: The government of the university shall be vested in a board of 
regents, of a president and seven members, not more tiian four of the same 
iwiltlcal party. Apjwlnted as provided by law. The governor tfhd the super- 
intendent of public instruction shall also be ex officio meinhers of the board 
(was a president and three members appointed by the governor, with governor 
and sur>erlntendent of public Instruction). ' Ch. 40, May 10, 1912. 

Arizona: To provide (or the organizations, etc., of (he National Guard ot 
Arizona. 

THfe military organization of the University of Arizona, of the State Normal 
School, and other educational Institutions aupporiod by the State or National 
funds are a part of the military organization of Uie State. The governing 
boards of Instltotloue shall prescribe rules and regulations, qphe officers arc 
cortmlsaloned by the governor. Members of said counties, ete, shall not be 
liable to active service, hut may volunteer for the same with the consent of 
the presiding officer of an Institution. Ch. May 24, 1012, 

• Arl^saa (1910) : The selection of a treasurer of the University of Arkansan 
18 by appointment, and It is Immaterial how he Is aprwinted If he Is selected' 
by a majority of the board at a legally authorized meetings 
Treasurer of the. State university held lawfully appolpted to the office and 
entitled thereto.— -Allen v. Morton, 127 S. W.. 4W. 

California: Creating the ‘'State university fund,” putsnant to neotlon 14 f 
article 1^, of the constitution as amended* Norther 8. lOlC), 









344 


EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION AND De6iBION8. 




Oalifor^a: Authorizing ijie ^nta of the State university to hold farmers^ 
Institutes, and appropriating therefor. ch. 269, Mar. 23, lOll. 

Delaware: Es^nbllBhing a chair of history at Delaware College. Annual appro- 
priation, ?2. 500. ^ •> C2i. 124. Apr. 6, 1931. 

^Delaware: Establishing a division of agricultural extension nt Delaware fcol- 

Ch. 127, Ai»r. 6, 1931. 

Flortda: Directing the secretary of state and tht» clerk of the snprenie court 
to furnish free certain books to the law school of the State liuivorstty. 

Ch. 6170 (No. 51), June 5, 1011, 

(SeorgL-t: Authorizing the chairman of the boar.) of triiateea of llie Uulveralty 
of Georgia iipon.the passage of this act. and blenninlly thereafter, to appoint 
not exceeding three jnembers of said board of trustees ui)on the l>uiird of each 
of the branch colleges of the University of Georgia, namely, the Georgia State 
College of Agriculture, the Georgia School of Technology, the State Normal 
School, the Georgia Normal and Industrial College, the North Georgia Agri- 
cultural College, and the Georgia State Industrial College for Colored Youths. 

No. 315, Ang. 5, 3910. 

Georgia: Making the president of the l)oard of trustees of the State Normal 

School ex ottlclo a member of the board of trustees oi the University of 
Georgia. gjg^ 

Idaho: Creating an “agricultural college fund" for the University of Idaho. 

Ch. 26, Feb. 28, 1011. 

Idaho: Authorizing thd Issuance of |76,000 of §«nte bonds' for the purpose of 
constri^ng a wing Id the admlqlstraUon ‘building of the State university. 

T Ch. 84, V Mar. 13, 1911. 

Idaho: Authorizing n taxdp^ of three-fourths of a mill for the University of 
‘ C^146. Mar 3, 1911. 

* of the regents of the Wute' university for 

mnterifll,^rnlshed to contractors for the construction of (runlverslty building. 

lint ^r«u that the board of regents of the State 

Button %'^hundjng?'^*^ university funds raised fnr other purposes for the 

n,^of regents, of the State university can not Incur n debt against 

the Stgte In the erection of nnlversltyiulldlngs for which It has not the funds 
to ptty. V 

Un^r Acts, Jan. 30, 3889 (Laws, 18S9, p. 17), sec. 3, and const, Art 9 
sec. 10, th^B regents of the State nniveraity held empowered to contract for 
erection of building nnd to be sued for breach of contract. 

Bemedy under Const., Art.' 6, sec. 10, stated of a Judgment creditor of the 
board Qf regents of the State university where the board has no money out 
of which to pfty the Judgment-^Moscow Hardware Co., X.td., v. Regents of 
Unlv. of Idnho et at.. IIJB Pac„ 731. «egenis or 

niihols: -Providing by Sttte tax for a fund for'tjie support and maintenance 
of the University of IlllnolA \ 

LevlM for Mid purpose -an annual tax of 1 tsill for each dollar of the 
asse^y ****** * P^Perty. Proceeds shall await a&roprlatlon by^ the general 

(See appropriation, B. B. No. 641, and H.-B, No. m) 

f H. B. 586', p. 484, June 10, 1911. ' 
Indiana: To establish and maintain the Robert W. Long Hospital In connec- 
tion with the Indiana University School of MsBlclne. a^ accepting a donation 
’valued at 1200,000 therefor. \ Ch. 8. Peb. 7, 1011 . 

ladtana; Authorizing State Inatitntloiu to acquire hy condemnation. 

. ' CKi468. Mar. 4, IML 




HIPHBR EDPOATTONAL INBTITTJTIONB. 


245 


Kansas: Prorldlng for surreal treatment at the ho8pit^oMha_Pniver8lty of 
ICahMs for certain children afflicted with deformity or other malady requiring 
such treatment ’ 4 , Gh. 292. Mar. 14, 1911. 

Kansas: Providing for tr^tment at the hospital of the University of Kansas 
, i;or certain Indigent patients. , Ch. 293, Mar. 14, 1011. 

Kansas: Providing for treatment. at the hospital of the University of Kansas 
for obstetrical patients from State InstltgUons. Ch. 294, Mur. 14. 1911. 
Kentucky: Providing for a committee to Investigate the Slate university. ' 
Senate Res. No. IQ, Peb. 1. 1912; Senate Res. No. 13. Feb. 8. 1912. 
Maine: Relating to coniiiensatlon of the trnsleeS of the UnIversHy of Maine. 

Said trustws shall serve'wliliont i^ny. but thelr.Tictnul eiipenses incurred In 
connection with their duties shall be paid by the Jstate. (They formerly re- 
«lved $2 a day for their regular 'visits to the Institution and the Siiinc gtini 
for every 20 miles travel.) •• Gh. 194. MaTsT. ^911 

Minnesota: Requiring separate sealed bids for the different classes of work In 
the construction of new buildings for the State -university ai^the State nor- 
mal schools. , ^ (>i, 3(5 ^ 

MInnesoU: Prohibiting the location -of ^t cemetery within three-qua rters of a 
' mile of the I’niversity of Minnesota, 

■ > Ch. 4, Feb. 6, 1911. 

Minnesota: See Q (6). 

Mississippi: The governor and the State superintendent of education shall to 
SpA" ‘"® ““t'erslty and the colleges of 

Rei^eals the law prohibiting legislators. Slate, and Judicial officers from 
becoming trustees of State InsHtutloiis. * Cb. 1C.9, Feb. 1912 • 

Mississippi: Members of the board of trustees of the University of Mississippi 
and of State colleges shall be accepted from the Stiite at large (Instead of 
from each supAme court district). Omits provision as to occupation of 

, ,Ch. 170. Mai 6. 1912. 

Mississippi: Forbidding Greek letter fraternities and sororities and aUrfU-et 
orders In the I’nlverslty of Mississippi and all other educational Institutions 
8upix>rted in whole or In part by the State. . ' 

Fraternity buildings may be purchased 'by trustees of Instltiulons. 

f Ch. 177, Feb. 27, 1912. 

Montana: Ue<juirliig xhe president of the State im^versity to report to State 
board of education annually before June 16 and to make special reports as • 

( Ch. 44. Feb. 23, 1911. 

Nebraska: Anlhorizing the State university to acquire property^ by gift or 
bequest suldeet to c6ndItions. CU» 130, Apr 8, 1011. 

Nebraska: ITovidlng that duties ex offlolo performed ns State botanist. State 
geologist, and State entomologist .by certain members oC thjp faculties of the 
State university shall be-Mimder tile direction and control o/ the board of 

Ch. 137, Apr. 8, 1911. 

Nebraska: Providing for the establishment by the boaM of regents of the State 
university of a plant for the production of hog-cholera sernui. 

Approprintlon for buildings and equipment, $16,000. 

Ch. 130. Apr 7, 1011. 

Nev^a: Authorizing the governor to appoint a professor In the UnlverMtv Af 
Jftvadn to inyestlgate nllqged dlseusei^f potetoee. ^ ihq^UnlyerMty ot 

. * Ch. 123, 



Ohio: B^ktlng to tl» Imdodble tnwt fund of the Ohla nnlTehlty. 

U^eas othenrise directed In the deeds of gifts, donation*, bequests, etc. 
to the onlTeraltr shall be paid Into the said fund. oequesw, , 

H, B, No. 1B7, p. 208, Mij 18, 1910. 

Oregon: Prorldlng that the board of regoits of the Unlyerslly of Oregon »h.ii 
c^lst of tai [Instead of nine] members appointed by the governor, and the 
State board of edncaUon for tho time being, ahnU he ex offldo members 
of 8«ld board of regents. Ch. 60, 1«>. 14. 19U. 

Bonth Carolina: Relating to the professorships in ClemsM^llege. Removes 

• the limit of number (was 10). . no. 816, Feb. 18. 3912. 

Without signature of the goyemor, 

Bonth Carolina: Beneficiary, students attending State colleges are reletised 
ftomj^lgatlon to teach if theyfbecome ministers of the go^>d. 

Without signature of the governor. 

Tcacss: Relddi^; to the the approval of vouchers for expenditures hy the regents 
of the University of ch. 67, Mar, IS, 1911. 

Texas: Propoaiiig an amendment to the State constitution authorixlng the legis- 
lature to provide that mgnbers of the board of regents of the State university, 
and boards o| trustees or managers of the educational, eleemosynary, and 
penal institutions may hold their respective offices for six years. 

- be submitted to a vote of the people at the next 

general election. H. ^R. No. 9 1911 

Utah: Relating to courses of instruction in the University of UUh. 

^The university shall not give instruction inaigriculture or domestic science, 
except as, may. be prescribed in the normar course.** Ch. 26, Mar. 9i 1911. 

Utah; Providing a permanent fiftid for the maintenance of the University of 
Utah, Including the branch of the State Normal School and the Agricultural 
College. 

exclusive of State school 

and hlgh-school funds. cJl 17. Mar. S.'Mli 

Utah: Relating to tee board of refcente of the Unlveralty of Utah. 

Said board shall consist of tee secretary of state and 12 cltlsmiB appointed 
oy the gwemor; terms, four years, one-half expiring 'every two yea ra 

•Utite: See B (d), - . Ch. 86, Ma'r. 9, 1911. 

Virginia: An act concerning tee charter and transactions of tee general 

• alnmnl association of tee University et Virginia and accepting the provisions 

of a certain deed of trust diade by said association for tee use and bedefit of 
the University of Virginia. <a. 278, Mar. 16. 1916. 

Wisconsin: Amending' section 878 of tee Statnte& 

Increases tee terms of regents of tee Btete jiniversity from three to six 


jean. 


Oh, 808, June S, 1911. 




P. (d) Carnegie Fund. 


Kentucky:' Rmintlon tkmcerning tee Stats university and Onrncgls Fonnda- 
tlon. - , 

, , Approves and sanaions the apjdlcatlon of the State unlVerMty for admis- 
. ^ ® beneficlar/ of the Carnegie roandatton tor tee. Advancement of 

■ ■ 8. Res. Na 8, p. 84f, Jan. 28, 19ia 


■V 


PBOim^OHAL 


7T7J57J 


AST) IQfiOHVIOAl. BDUCATIOH. 


247 


HtssiMippl: B« 80 lnd<m aothoHiliif the trustees of the A^^caltoral and 
Medianlcal College, the lodustrial Institute and Coll^ and the Unlt^rslty 
of Mississippi to receive retiring allowances ottered by the Carnegie Founda- 
tion for the Advancemeit of Teaching. Ch. 877, Mar. 8 and 9, 1910. 

Virginia; An net that the University of Vlrglnlii do accept and be eihbraced 
within the benefits of the Caapegie Fonndution for the Advancement of Hf^eaeh- 
‘ Ch. 19, Feb. 12, 1910. 


Q. PROFESSIONAL AND HIGHER TECHNICAL EDUCATION. 


(a) Teachers’ Colleges and Normal Schools. 

See also Q (6). 

Ohio; Authorising the location of a high-school building on the campus of the 
^hlo S(ate University. 

Such high shall be used as an observation and practice school by 

the college of education of the Ohio State University upon such terms and 
conditions as agreed upon by the board of trustees of the university and the 
board of education of the city of Columbus. 

H. B. No. Q(V3, p. 296, June 7, 1911. 

Rhode Island; The State board of education may provide, in cooperation with 
. Brown University, postgraduate courses at Brown 'University In principles 
and practice of education. To pr^>are superintendents and higb-sebool teach- 
ers and principals. The State bqprd of jeduention to n{H>oint holders l)f 
scholarships tp pursue said' courses. Approprhftes $5,000 annually for the 

.Ch. 839, 34ay 3, 1912. 


(b) Agricultural Colleges. 

Alabama; Providing increased fucllltles, buildings, and maintenance for the 
Alabama Polytechnic Institute. 

..r^Appropriates for buildings and equipment $40,000 annually for a term of i 
four ^rs and $10,000 annually for increased maintenance. 

Act 329, p. 388, Apr. IS, 1911. 

Ariaona: Assenting to the act of Congress approved June 20. 1910, providing 
grants of land for the Agricultural and Mechanical College and the School, 
of Mines: . - 

B^rves 100,000 acres and the proceeds thereof to^e Agricultural’ and 
Mechanical College of the University of Arliona, and Uie same for the School 

^ of Mines. ch. 41, May 16. 1912. r , 

Indiana; An act for the Improvement and advAncemoit of agrtcujitare, domestic 
science, and rural life by the dissemination of information irfftve thereto. 

Appropriates $80,000 annually to be expended by the sthool of agriculture - 

and the expertmeut station of Purdue University for thrmers* short courssiL ' 

formers’ l^ltutes, contests, lectures, and other, forms of agricoltaral y 

tensloft worir, pounties ehall pay local costa, and each county- coaiudl shall ^ 

apwally appropriate an ahipmit equal to 26 ceuU for each maare mile of 
terrih^ In the county. Previous acts relating to the same subject are re* ' J 
. Ch. 6i* 37, 19Uf . . 






'm- 





«8 . AiJib DBOBroira, 

I«w«: Proridlng for tholery of qteclal State taxes for the erection, repair, end 
e<inlpnient of bnlldinga for the State University, State OoUege of Agrjcn)- 
tore and M^edianic Arta, and the State Teachers' OoUege. 

5? levl^annuaHy for five years for such purposes one-flfth 
I one-flfth mill for State College of Agsicnltnre and 
Mec^lc Arts, and one-tenth mill for State Teachers’ College: Such levies 
Bh^l he first made In 1912. Receipts shall be paid Into theState treasnra 
and drawn upon the requisition of the State board of education. 

Ch. 101, Mar. 80. IWl 

Kansas: Authorising the board of regents of the State Agricultural College 
to lease public lands grauled to said college. (Previous law required the sale 
of such lands and contained no provision for the lease thereof. 1 

Ch. 291, Mur. 13, 1911. 

Kentucky: Appropriating $50,000 annually to the State university for Instruc- 
tion In agriculture and domestic science; $35,000 annualiy for such Instruc- 
tion In Eastern Kentucky State Normal School, and $25,000 annually for 
snch Instruction In ihe Westem Kentucky State Normal School. 

Ch. 32. Mkr. 11, 1012. 

Kentucky: Appropriating $50,000 annually to the agricultural experiment sta- 
tion of the State university at Lexington. Ch. 26, Mar. 11. 1912. 

Maryland: SUte commission to Investigate present condition and future appro- 
priations and possibilities of the Maryland AgriculturaL College. 

J. Res. No. 7, p. 1662, 1912. 

Musachusetts^ Providing that annual payments be made to the Massachusetts 
Agricultural College and specifying such sums and for what purposes. 

Ch. 692, June 26, 1911. 

Maaaachnsetts: The MnssachusAts Agricultural College may sell to Its profes- 
aors, etc., or to college associations or fraternities. land not exceeding 1 acre 
to each, conditioned upon the right of the trustees of the college to repur- 
chase at the option pf the trustees at a fair price. Ch. 638, May 23, 1912, 
Massachusetto: The Massachusetts Institute of Technology may receive prop^ 
erty by gift etc. ch. 681, May 29, 1912. 

MMsachusetts: Appropriating $280.(XX) for the Massaehnsetts Agricultural Col- 

Maasachosetts: Appropriating $M.000 for Improvement^fOT rt’e^Ma^chuw^^ 
Agricultural Collega Res Ch. 116, p. 920, May 24, 1912. 

Mtnnesota: Relating to county demonstration and experiment farma 

commissioners of any county to appropriate not 
over $^ annually to assist in maintaining a demonstration farm under the 
mpervislon of the department of agriculture pf the University of Minnesota 
rae county commissioners of any county which owns and operates a farm of 
80 acKs or mo^ may appropriate not ofcf $1,000 annually for experimental 
purposes on said farm under like supervision. Ch. TO, Mar. 29, lOlJ 

Minnesota: Providing for a subexperlment and demonstration farm near 
'Duluth and near Waseta, each as a dependent of the University of Minnesota. 

AppK^atlon, $66,000 for station near Duluth and $36,000 for station near 
wraseca. m 2, i^r. 18, 191L ' 

NW H^pthli«: Amending chapter 62 of the Laws of 1881 ' 

?r?*dent of' the Ne* Hampshire doHege 
Of ,4^cuUQte Moclmnlo ArU i^aU be memberB ex of the board of 
^ college that the aUaxoDl oraaid college nutr-e^eot two tmateea 
^ dlr^.And th^t all oth« membera atian 
^ ai»pbinted Ijy. the gavemor. . ch. 5i,*Mar IG^ 1811 







; .. — •' ^"."' ■: ” •■■"r ^ 

PBOFBSSTOITAL AVD ITOHNIOAL EDUOAtlOK. 2^1 * * 

Kwr Jenvf i Beating to achtHar^pa at the State Agricultural College. 

Ch. 88, Mar. 16, 

New Aersef: Providing for the fumisblng, equipping, and arranging of an 
entomology building and of a physics laboratory at the State Agricultural 

♦ Ch, 23, Mar. 14, 1911. 

New Jersey: Providing for the erection of greenhonsea and the equipment of 
the same for floriculture for the use of the experiment station at the State 
Agricultural College. ^ Ch. 130, Apr. 7, 1911. 

New Jersey: providing for the establishment of a department of poultry hns- 
bandry at the experiment station of the State Agricultural College. 

Ch. 62, Mar. 23, 1911, 

New Jersey: Bequlrlng additional equipment and instruction at the State 
Agricultural College when appropriation is made therefor. 

Ch. 36, Mar, 8, 1912. 

New Mexico: Making the professor of chemistry In each Sttfte institution^ an 
official Inspector and tester of petroleum oils. Ch. 65, June 11, 1912. 

New York: Amending the education law In relation to the New York State 
School of Agriculture of St. I.Awrence University. 

The board of .tnistees of the St. Lawrence University shall acquire real 
property sultnble for agriculture, horticulture, and forestry, and manage the 
same for the benefit of the sold, school. No land shall be pur<^sed from 
State ^nds unless a special appropriation Is made therefor. Prescribes 
method of handling State mone^ appropriated for maintenance. 

Ch. 443, Jupg 8, 1910. 

North .Carolina: Authorising the county commissioners to make appropriatious 
to the "farm demonstration work. 



Said wmmissloners may cooperate with the State and National Departments 
of Agriculture in such work. Ch. 1, Jan. 20, 1911. 


North Carolina: A Joint resolution authorising the appointment of a com- 
mission. consfstfng of three members of the House and two members of the ^ 
Senate for the purpose of Investigating nnd reix>rtlng on the advisability oTf . . 
combiuing the agricultural department of the State and the Agricultural and 
Mechanical College. * Rea No. 34, Mar. 7, 1911. 

North Carolina: Providing for the building nnd equipment Of an animal hos- 
bandry bulkiing at tbe Norths Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic 
Arts. Appropriation, $30,000. cji- 105, Mar. 6, 1911. 

Oregon: Providing for the establishment and maintenance of an agricultural 
experiment station in Harney County, vesting the control and management of 
the same In the board of regents of the State Agricultural Coliega 

Provides that ttfe necessary land, pe'rmnnent Improvements, and Initial 
equipment of said station shall be provided by Ham^ County, without cost 
W to the State, Appropriates $4,000 annually for the support of said station. 

Ch. 76, Feb, 16, 1911. 


Oregon; Appropriating $16,000 annually for an Investigation by the State 
Agricultural Oollege of crop and fruit pests and diseases aud horticultural 
problems; providing that tbe maximum amount of such appropriation which 
^ shall be paid as salaries of the special Investigators tbns empfoyed shall be 
one^flftb of the salaries of the investigators and professors retained In the 
departmente of Investlgarion. and a maximum of 10 per cent of the appropria- 
tion may be nsed for additions to the library equipment ol said collet and 
a maximum of 6 per cent of said appropriation mhy be expended Ibr intecel* 
lanebus apparatjia . .Oh. 144, m>. 21* 191U 






' ■ T^- *DPOA^OH AL . LSGI8LATI01I .AND DBOIU 

O^a: Appropriating |7JJOO annually for tlie support and maintenance of tbe 
astern Oregon AgrlcuUural Experiment Station, at Uillon; autBorlzlng the 
board of r^euta of the State Agricultural College to cooperate In work In any 
^lal field of said eipedment station with the Federal Government, or any 
depa^ent. bnreau. or office thereof; and provides that said regents shall 
- caup to be prepared and published at least once every two years full and 
^ coinplete reports of the work undertaken and accomplished by said station 
snch reports to be distributed free of charge. Ch. 147, Feb. 21, 1911 

Or^n: Establishing a branch experiment station of the State Agricultural 
OoUc^e in southern Or^on. 

station under the management and control of the board of 
fht ^^rlcultural Ck)IIege. and appropriating $5,000 an- 

frJL th?! maintenance of said branch experinfeut station. 

regtots to Oause to be prepared and published, for 
free dletrlbuUou, at least once every two years, a complete report of all 

station •* Authorizes said board to 
Federal Goverumeiit In any special field of work of said 
. Ch. 176. Feb. 23, 1911. 

Oregon: Creating the State Burean of Mine*. 

nf ^ conducted by the department of mines 

hsk 9^25?* ■A^lcultural College, and the head of the said department shall 
be the director of the said bureau. Appropriation. $1,000 annually. 

Ch. 227. Feb. 23, 1911. 

Rhode Island: ApproprlaUng $75,000 for a building for the Rhode Island 
State College. 53 j^j^y g 

Sonib OsToUna: Requiring Clemson Agricultural and Mechanical College to 
analyse fertilisers on demand of purchaser without requiring purchaser to 
famish name of manufacturer or. manufacturer’s analysis of said f^tIHzer.s ^ 

V Act No. 60, Feb. 18. 1911. m" 

Bonth Carolina: Authorising the board of trustees of Clemen Agricultural and 
^ establish two or more experiment stations for th'e pur- 
pose of testing soil, climatic and other conditions, and farm demonstration 

* Act 1, Feb. 17, 1911. 

Bonth OaroUBa; Establishing 51 benedclary agricultural scholarships In the 
aem^n Agricultural College, 44 from counties (1 each) and 7 from the 'state 
atlarii.^ To be recommended by county agricultural societies; etc., and given 
as prises" for meritorious ngricuUnral achievements. Seven from the State at 
large, reconfi^ended by the State agricultural society, etc, (No stipulation of 
necessltons ^^mstancea) 

-^^li*** P«r nnnum to poy board or other 

. • Jfo 30J jg 

(No signature of governor.) 

Bonth OaroUiM: Aatborlzlng the trustees of the estate of John de la Howe to 
Inrttnte legal proceedings to determine their right to eatabllah. scholarships 
In Clemson Agricultural College and Wlnthrop Normal and Industrial College' 
K <»urt dMides fororahly, said tmateM may estahllah not over 12 scholar- 

ships In each InstItuUon at $100 each. , ' Na 67^ M. ml 

Authorising ^ directors of the SUte Agricaltoral and Meishanlcal 
Ctoll^ to ^pluy a competent clril engineer to Instruct the students of said 
coll^ to ^ art ^ terracing farm lands; and to devote half his time to glv- 
; tog praetteffi .demonstrations to torraetoa te. ths farmers of the Stata 
: 8iU«|7 proSM< $2,000 p^ ■ Oh. 86, ^sr 20 19U; 




t 


FB07BS8I0NAL AHD, TBOBKIOAL KDUCATt'oK. 


261 


Utah: BatabllihlnK under the trosteea of the agrlCQltnral college an agricul- 
tural experiment station on the property known as the Panguitch School, In 
G&tfltid'' OouDty. 

In connecti^ with said station there shall be taught branches of learning 
raatmg to agriculture, Indian pupils shall be received without payment of 
tuition fees and on terms of equality with white pupiis. 

", Ch. 88. Mar. 18, mi. 

Utah: Authorizing and’dlrecting the experiment station of the agricultural* 
wtlege to conducf Investigations idfe the agricultural poaslbllitleB of the un- 
developed sections of the State. 

Annual appropriation, $15,000. ch. 37^ jjar. 9, 1911. 

Vtah{ Relating to the board of trustees of the agricoj^ral college of Utah. 

Said board ahail consist of the secretary of state and 12 citizens appointed 
by. the governor; terms, four years, onq-half expiring every two years. 

Ch. 35, Mar. 9, 1911. ' 

Utah. Authorizing the agricultural college to offer courses in agricultural engi- 
neering and to grant a degree of engineering In agriculture. * 

Ch. 33, Mar. 9, 1911. 

Vermont: Refunding the agricultural college fund loan of 1912; $135,500, which 
shall be made redeemable June 1, 1932, No. 22, Oct. 31, 1910. 


Q. (c) United States Grant 

Mississippi: An act to provide for one board of trustees who shall have con- 
trol and supervision of 'the affairs of the University of Mississippi, the 
; : Ag^rlcultural and M^aqical College, the Industz^l Institute and Oollege, 
and the Alcorn Agrjctlltaral and Mechanical College. 

SEcnoif 2. governor, with the consent of the Senate, shall appoint 
supreme court district and one from the State 
^-^t large ;-^oue shall be a practical farmer, one a practicing lawyer, one a 
pfa<;tic^ buildei; or architect or factory man. Two of the members shall 
be appointed for two years, two fox four years, and three, including the member 
at large, for shL years No member of the legislature or State officer shall 
be a mbmber or ex officio member of the said board. In addition to the 
above, one trustee, a citizen of De Soto County, shall be appoint^ for the 
University of Mississippi, to serve for a term of four yeara 

*■ • . • . • C • 

Ssc. 4. The board of trustees shall receive their actual traveling expenses 
and ^ per day while engaged in, their duties, to be paid by the institution 
In whose behalf the services are rendered. 

1 Sec. 6 . The board of trustees 'sha 11 have all the power and authority now 
granted to and vested In the several boards of trustees whom they replace 

8^. a The terms of office of the present boards of trustees of the several 
institutions shall expire July 1, 1910, and the term of office of the new board 
shall then commence. . Ch,^4, Apr. 14, 1910 


Q. (d) Mining Schools, 


Nevada: Amending as act creating a echool of mlnee at Virginia City. 

^ principal at $2,000 per annum and authorizes the 

^ $426 for the support of eaid school during 

10U and 1912. , Ch. 189, Mar. 20, 


'I 





266 EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION AND DECISIONa 

* Q. (e) Military Schools. 

Vermon^: Incorporating the "Commona Club” of Norwich University, formed 
for the pnrpose of promoting moral, Intellectual, and social culture, and of 
collecting a permanent library and cabinet df^rt and science, either or both. 
1 No. 367, Jan. 23, 1911. 

Vermont: Relative to militia. 

Students of Norwich University may enlist in the National Guard as cavalrv 

- (Instead of field artillery). * >jo. 174 ^ Dec. 7,.1910. ‘ 

Virginia: Relating^ Slate cadets In the Virginia Military Institute. 

In lieu of teaching in the public schools two years, ns heretofore j*equlred 
State cadets may serve an enlistment in the National Guard of Virginia, or 
serve two years as an engineer of the State highway commission. 

Ch. 94, Mar. 7, 19SJ2. 

* (IftIO) : Property of a corporation, organized under Rev. Stat. 

.1878, secs. 1771-1791, for the conduct and maintenance of a military nciidemv 
Md exempt from taxation under Stat. 1898, sec. 1038, subd. 3.— St John’s 
MIL Acad. V. Edwards, Co. Treus., 128 N. W., 113. 


Q, (f) Other Technical and Professional* 

Alabama; Authorizing certain incorporated educational Institutions or societies 
engaged In teaching and instructing in what is commonly known ns profes- 
sional or trained nursing to Issue to its graduates diplomas and certificates of 
proficiency and to confer the degree of “graduate nurse.” 

Act 301, p. 403, Apr. 13, 1911. 

Alabama: Appropriating $60,000 amiually for four years for new buildings and 
equipment at the Alabama Girls’^ Technical Institute. 

^ Act 325, p. 377. ^pr. 12, 1911. 

Ak^kanm; Relating to the department of medicine of the University of Ar- 
kAnsaa 

The Arkansas Industrial University Medical Department, located at Tittle 
R(^k, Is made the medical department of the University of Arkansas. Control 
ves:^ in the trustees of said university; property transferred; provision for 
State support ^ ^ct 360, p. 336, May 30, 3911. 

* ^ application for admission of students of the Hastings 

Colley of tte Law in the University of California, whether the college his 
afifiliated with the university and whether the faculty of the university has 
granted diplomas under Stnts. 1877-78, ch. 361, can not be trfed. " 

Under Stata W77-T8, ch. Ml, It. is the duty of the supreme court to license 
Btu^nts of the Hastings College of the Law, who have secured a diploma to 
pramce as attorneys and counsellors In all courts of tte State. — In re Studmta 
of Hastings Col. of the Law, llO Pac., 341. ' ^ 

Georgia: Authorising the board of trustees of tbe Georgia State Sanitarium 
to establ^h a trainlQg school for white female nurses connected with irald 
sanitarium, to provide a two years' course of Instruction, lectures, etc., and to 
issue diplomas to all graduates thereof. No, 617, Aug. 16. 1910. 

GebrgU: Providbig for the control and management of the Medical College of 
Qeor^, located at Augujito, as.a branch of the State Unlyet^ty. 

^ No: 2^\ug. 1, 1911. 

G«ot«la: nonre^dent students at the OeorglR School of Technology. 

^ " ^ . N& 280, Aug. 21, 161L 


paOFBSSIONAJL AKD TEOHNIOAL SDUOaTION. 


258 


Georgia; Georgia School of Technology. 

Begulatlng the tuition fees of nonresidents. Legal name al above. Chair- 
man of the local board of trustees shall be pa4d $10 per day when actnajily 
employed. Maxlmuih, 20 days per annum, ^e local board of the School of 
Technology may recommend persons for honorary degrees to the general 
board of the University of O^rgia. No. 561, p. 18^ Aug. 19, 1912. 

Kentucky: Appropriating $17,500 to the Kentucky Normal and Industrial 
School for Colored Persons to pay for debts and Improvements; also $2,000 
annually for training the students In useful trades. Gh. 1CI8, Mar. 15, 1912. 

I^uislana: Regulating the practice of architecture. 

« Grates a State board of architectural examiners of five members, appolntJ^ 
by the governor, pjiictlclng architects must register within 90 days. Hepe- 
after no person shall enter upon the practice of architecture until he shall 
have presented to the State board of architectural examiners a dlploitaa.from 
an approved architectural college or school or shall have passed a satisfactory 
examination and shall have received a certificate and license from said board. 

Act IJo. 231, Juy 6 1910. 

Massachusetts : Authorizing the school of commerce and flnan^ of the Boston 
Young Men’s Christian Association to grant the degrees of M. 0. S. (master 
of commercial science) and B. O. 8. (bachelor of <;ommerclal science). 

Ch. 114, Mar. 8. 191L 

Massachusetts: Lowell Textile School may grant Che degrees of bachelor of 

^ textile engineering and bachelor of textile dyeing.' Ch. 62, Feb. 9, 1912. 

Massachusetts: Appropriating $50, (KK) annually for 10 years to the Worcester 
Polytechnic Institute. Such institution shall maintain 43 free scholarships — 
one for each senatorial district Resolves, ch. 87, Apr. 80, 1912. 


Massachusetts: A State scholarship to the MassacbUMtts Institute of Tech- 
nology may be divided, if three or more qualified caWdates make applica- 
tion from any senatorial district, so that two may receive half scholarships. 

Ch. 168, Feb. 28, 1912. 


Massachusetts: Appropriating $100,000 for the Massachusetts Institute of 
'technology. , ^ - Ch. 207, Mar. 8. 1912. 

Mississippi: An act to permit graduates of the pharmaceutical department of 
the University of Mississippi to practice pharmacy without farther examlna- 
lion. » Ch. 165, -Mar. 29, 1910^ 

Montana: Establishing a law school at Missoula to be conducted as a de^rt- 
ment of the University of Montana. Ch. 31, Feb. 17, 1911. 

Nebraska: Relating to requirements of schools of medicine. 


The State board of h^lth shall have the right at all times to Inspect the 
equipment and methods of teaching In all medical schools and colleges of the 
Stat^ and may refuse examination to graduates of any school found not to 
be In good standing. 

” The term ’ medical school or college In good standing,’ for the purpose of 
this act, shall be defined as follows; (1) A legally chartered mediqal school 
or college requiring for admission at least a diploma from an accredited 
high school of this or some other State, or a certificate from* the State super- 
intendent of public Instruction ^oadng that the applicant has snccessfolly 
passed an examination covering the branches of study embraced in an ac^ 
credited high-school course, which requirements shall be reguiarl^ pnb- 
li^ed In all the advertisements and In each proepectua^or catalogue issued 
by such medical college or school; (2) that said medi^ coll^ or school 
in g(^ standing shall show evidence, of modern methods in all Its branches-' 
of Ipstriiction and demonstration; <8),jthat its equipment and ^cilitlM Ibr 
medical ihstniotloii shgllj be modem and -shall be k^t to date by the 
purchsae fropi timh to ttoojahd use of such eqdtpment as.ttie State booM'^ 
of health shall prescfibe;.^^^ niMcal Allege br i^ 

standing ahaU^keep and mnlhtah) a ooniliil^ 






T!-- 







254 


EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION AND DECISIONS, 


books and peri<^lcai8 dealing with medical anbjecte and qneetlona: (6) that 
each guch medical college or achool in good atanding .ahall have acce«B to 
1 ? hospital, and shall conduct a dispensary for poor potleou! 
in Doth or which the students of aaid medical college or school shall be re- 
quired to regularly paHIclpote In the treatment of cases; (0) that said 
medical college or school iu gdod sthndlng* shall have a faculty of at least 
four who devote their «itlre time to the teaching of medicine and Its asso- 
ciated branches in said school, and ths remaliflfler of the -faculty shall be 
composed of reppeseuUtIve members of the medical profession; (7) that 
such medical college or school shall also require ns a requisite for grantlDu 
the degree of M. D. attendauce upon* at least four courses of lecturea of 
eight montha each, no two of such courses to iw held within one year, and 
baring a ruir faculty of capable professors iu all the different branchea of 
medial education, to wit. nnutomy, physiology, chemistry, toxicology, patbol- 
hygiene, mateiin medica, therapeutics, obstetrics, bacteriology, medical 
Jurisprudence, gynecology, prlndpies and practice of medicine and surgery 
aud specially requiring clinical InstrucUons In the two last named of not le«J 
than four hours per week in each week during the last two courses of lec* 

Ch. 77, Apr., 10, 1011. 

New Jersey: Relating to admission to medical colleges. 

The State commissioner of education shall 'determine and certify the ediit 
catlonal qualifications of applicants for admission to medlcul colleges. 

■ Ch. r82, Mar. 26. T912. 

New York: Amending an act to incorporate memcal societies. 

Withdraws^ the authority granted to medlcul colleges to elect delegates 
to State medical society. ’ ch. 108, Apr. 20. 1010. 

Now York: Amending the general munlcl^ul law. ' 

The governing board of any town, city, or village may establish a public 
general hospital. The boi^rd of managers of nnydiospital under this act mnv 
establi^ and maintain in connection therewith and as a part of the public 
hospital a training school for nurses. The board may. in its discretion 
appoint an advisory board foif|uch training school. Ch. 668, June 21. lOiO. , 

Now York; Establishing a State college of foresti^ at Syracuse University 
and appropriating therefor. Ch. 851, July 28. 1011. 

New York: Medical Bchools ahall uot matriculate conditionally students who 
are deficient in academic preparaUon (formerly permitted— eonditlons to be 
removed in a year). . ; ch. 141, Apr. 4, 1012. 

Rhode Island; To provide for State registruUon of trained' nurses. For new 
nurses requires substantially a thr^year course of instruction. 

* “Ch. 806. Apr. 28,' 1912. 

* Wisconsin (1011): Not to be piesi^ped that because profOsalonal schools 
existed on a particular date they^exifilM a year uuterior thereto —Plercp « 
Stolhand, 124 N. W., 260. 


R. PmATE AND ENDOWED HIGHER ^ INSTITUTIONS- 
STATE 'CONTROL. 


, - (a) Higher Institutiens. • * 

• ^foral* (1910) ‘ An oral agraamnit by truateea-or a nnlveralty to coiiver 
tota in esebange tor material ii onenfoiceable.— Davis v. Jn^n et al., 118 
147. 

''belon^K" u OMd in Bminett Medical OoUe^ 

(Priy. Acto ; . , , ^ 

^ U» college and not taxed MptraldV tton. 
.^ Mt ex^pt oBdot Bemrett MedUAI College charter (PHt. ^ 
.o — rrt.' McCW- 

\ H 1; rv': .■ • . 




JlOVATB AOT Sm>OW£D IKSTITUTIONS. 


256 


*lDdian« (1910) : Acts 1907, cih, Ji44, authorising the iBSuance* of bonds of 
the State to pay the claim of Vincennes University, held not In conflict with 
Const, art. 10, sec. 5, nor to violate Const, art, 4, sec. 24. 

An act authorizing the Issuance of bonds of the State ^o pay the amount 
due a university on an accounting by the legislature held not iDTalld as a 
gift to the university.— Hanly i\ Sims, Sec’y of State, et al., 03 N. B., 228. 


♦ Kentucky (1910) : A contract for a professo^lp in a college held not termi- 
nable at will of college. 

One who has contracted for a professorship In a college, havlnrafterw^ds 
voted for and consented to consolidation of the college with others in which 
he was not given the same professorship, held not entitled to be relieved of 
obligation to pay ns he had contracted.— Hospital Col. of Medicine t?. Da\ id- 
son, 131 S. W„ 1004. 

Louisiana: An act to authorise St. Mary's Dominica u Academy, of New 
Orleans, to confer degrees and diplomas. * *Act 22, June 17, 1910. 

Michigan; Provl<Hng for the incorporation of colleges. 

No college shall be Incorporated until the lucon>orator shall have for the 
l>ermanent use of the proposed cgrporntlon^renl. personal, ^d prop- 

erty of a value of $100,000. Articles of Iriferporaticfn aball be filedl^h the 

• secretary of sUte, and upon satisfactory evidence of compliance with t£ls 
ni-t he shall Issue a certificate of Incorporation. 

The supreme court shall have control over gifts, bequests, and trusta. and 
whenever It shall api>ear that circumstances have so (Ranged as to render a 
strict compliance with the terms of the'gtft, etc.. Impracticable or Impossible ' 
the court, upon application, may order that the gift, etc., be expended or 
administered In the manner that will most nearly and effectively accomplish 
the general purpose of the gift. 

The granting of honors and degrees shall be condlttaned upon attaiaments 
and the completion of courses equivalent In time, application, and qnall^ to 
those commonly required In like Institutions In the United States. 

Every corporation formed under , this act shall be subject to the vigitnrion 
of the superintendent of public Instruction. U|h)u evidence that the corpora* 

' tJon is not complying with the provisions of this act. the said Superintendent 
shall serve reasonable notice to remedy the defects, and if the deficiency Is 
not remedied In the time fixed by him he may Institute proceedings at law 
for th.e dissolution of the corporation, , No. 231, May*!, 1911, 

^ • Missouri (1910) : Charter of a college construed and held not to forbid the 

trustees from meeting current expenses with money donated without direction 
as to purpose for which It is to be uwhI. 

A charter of a college requiring the trustees to hold inviolate moneys or 
endowment funds held not to forbid the trustees So use donations for current 
; expense.^.— Bd. of Trustees of Park Qol v. Atty. Gen., 129 S. W„ 27. 

* Nebraska (1911) : Method by which an un!ncon>nrated college obtained funds 
hel^not to render It a religious or eleemosynary corporation precluding sale 
of Its property by Its trustees where the sale would nfot dlvm the property 
from the purposes for which it was qbtahied and used by tbd corporation, 
p That Laws 1909, ch, 126, creating a board ot education was declared uncon- 

stitutional after enactment of Laws 1909, ch. 126, locating a State normal ' 
school and imposing upon such board of education the carrying of the act ' 
Into effect, held nbt to Invalidate the later act * ' 

[ Time held not of the essence of the filing of application by cities competing 

! location. of a normal school lestabUsbed by Act, April ^ 1900 (Laws 

1909, ch. 126). * ^ 

»Palhire of the State bo'^rd to visit applicants for location of a normal school 
and select n'site withiu he time specified in Act, April 6, 1009 (Uws 1909, 

I Ch. 128). held. ImmateMal w>ereA latfr visitation and selection of site ncconw' 

\ , pushed the sobstantlal pnrpoeesof the nct.-^Tash o. Ludden et al. State Bd • 

^q..429 N. W.. 417. • • _ > . * 


*Kew Jersejr (1010) : A provision of a will giying^propert 3 r to ‘the trustees of 
a unlyersiQr for erectipn of a building uppn ^ grounds of the tmivsr^tT; oon- 
nrued. - ' ' ' , ^ 

iiittiyersity tirtpr to a codlcU lii a «U1 held to be 

t <il a 




256 


EDUCATIONAL LB0I8LAT10N AKD DECISIONS. 


belonging tp thf unlTerslty.— Tnwteet of Princeton Unlr. t>. 
WllsoD, Atty. Gen., etaU 78 At, 303. ^ ^ • v. 

New York: Amendlqg the education law. v 

of foreign Inetltiitlons Id term^ 

l^siuThy^npm fix the value of degrees, diplomas, and certificates 

^ issued by Institutions of other States and countries nnd preseuted for entrance 
to KbpolA colleges, nnd the professions In this Stnte 

Incorporation of ediicationnl and like Institutions under 
any general law other than that governing the regents. 

Ch. 140, Apr. 22, 1910. 

• Pennsylvania (1910) : A farm nnd live stock necess.nry to Its proper operation 
o'.vned and operated by a purely public charitable Industrial school and col- 
lege, where some substantial attention Is given to the training of Its students 
In the common practical elements of agriculture, are e.vempt from taxation - 
The Domilugton Indus. Sch. and Col. v. Co. of Chester et al., 37 Pa. Co. 
(^ourrB, TUo. 

Sooth Carolina; An net to chnnge the name of the South Carolina Military 
Academy to “The Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina.” 

Act 352, Feb. 25. 1910. 

South Carolina; An act to change the name and amend the charter of the 
Due West Female College, of Due West, S. C. 

Name changed to Woman's College of Due Wes^ 

Act 563, Feb. 24, 1910. 

to the trustees of a college construed nnd held to contain 
but two express conditions of forfelture.-Glen Rose Collegiate Inst, r Glen 
Rose Ind. Sch. Dlst. No. 1 et al., 126 S. W., 379. 

® college subscription was conditioned on 
the ohlalDing of |60,000 wl thin *the .county during the year, an oral agreement 
of tte members of a society to pay $1,000 should not be counted In making 
up the required amount. maaius 

In an action on a note given for a college subscription, conditional on the 
obtaining of wbscriptlons for a specified sum during the year, the burden way 
on toe plaintiff to show that the conditions had been compiled with— Wasson 
V. Clarendon Col. and Unlv. Xraln.^Sch., 131 S. W., 852. 

•TexAs (1910) : A lot of land purchased* Ky a debtor’s wife with an Intent to 
erect a music room, to be use^ In connection with the debtor’s teaching busi- 
ness and conveyed to him, held not to constitute a part of the debtor’s business 
homestead. 

Land on which the college building of a school teacher was situated held 
exempt as his business homestead, but not so as to disconnected narcels of 
land on which students were boarded. 

Where a debtor maintained a college, disconnected tracts of land used as a 
baseball ground and as a vegetable garden held not exempt as toe debtor's 
buainesB homestead. — Harrington et al. v. Maycf, 130 S. W., 660. 

Vermont: Relating to exemptions from taxation of lands owned or leased by 
colleges, academies, or other public schools. 

An exception to such exemptlou is made Id toe case of such lands or build- 
IngB as are rented for general commercial purposes, or farming or timberlands 
owned or leased thereby. This act not to apply to scK»lled school or college 
lands ^retofore sequestered to their use; . No. 83, Jan. 28, 1911 " 


R. (b) Corporatfons of on Educational Character. 

Alabama: Authorizing the acting trustees or directors having charge of the 
boalness and property of eaocatl<mal corporations whose stockholders are 
unknown or where the amount pr number of shares are unknown to dis|)ose 
property of such corporations, and, prescribing the manuer of sqeh dis- 
I . poaat . - . . , : Act 277. pL a$7, Apr. 






PBIVATB Ain) ENDOWED INSTITUTIONB, 267 


•Alab&ma (1911): A charitable trust requires that Its benefidarles shall be 
an uncertain body or class and that Its purposes shall be public. 

A charitable trust contemplates perpetuity, and a i)erpetual trust can not 
be created, for Individuals. 

A charitable trust held Invalid for Indeflnlteness.— Moseley v. .Smiley et al . 
55 S.. 143. 


Arkansas: Providing for the Incorporation of certain Institutions of learning 
and prescribing their powers. Act 375, p. 348, May 31, 191L 

California: ^Providing for the Incorporation of colleges and seminaries of 
learning. Ch.-344, Apr. 3, 1911. 

Indiana: Amending act of March 9, 1901, relating to voluntary nssoclatlons. 

Such associations may he organized for the dissemination of useful knowl- 
edge. May acquire real estate. Ch. 67, Mar. 1, 1911. 


Iowa: Adding $4,000 to the annual appropriation (of $7,500) for the State 
Historical Society. Ch. 149, Apr. 14, 1911. 


^wa: Kelntingrio the exemption from taxation of property held by any educa- 
tional Institution as a part of Its endowment fund. 

Limits such exemption to 100 acres in any civil township. 

Ch. 01, Apr. 11, 19U. 

•Kentucky (1910) : Power given to trustees of county seminary Incorporated 
authorized them to convey seminary proi>erty for use of n religious society. 

In u suit to enforce a mechanic’s lien on seminary property conveyed for 
use of a religious society, heU that a petition might be filed by the county so 
that the question whether the fund coming to the trustees of the seminary- 
vested In the graded-scliool district, or . in the county court for the benefit 
of the common schools of the county, might be settled. — Estlll (3o v Bd of 
Trustees, of Kstlll Col. Inst, of Irvine., 124 S. W., 412. 

•Maine (1011): A bequest to the Buptlst Theological Semlnarv situated In 
Newton, held^ good as a bequest to the Newtou Theological lustUuton — Gld- 
dlngH et al. r. (illllnghaiu et nl.. 81 At., 951. 

•Maryland (1910) : Where certain property was conveyed to trustees for the 
benefit of an academy, such trustees had a defeasible ^tnte, and, on the prop- 
erty being jibnndoncd by the r.cadenjy, the title reverted to the grantor, giving 
him a right to reenter aud take possehslon. — Golding v. Gaither, 77 At., 

Massachusetts: An act to Incorporate the Society for the Preservation of 
New England Antiquities. 

,The said corporation is created for antiquarian, historical, literary, artistic, 
and mougmentat purposes, and for the purpose of preserving for posterity 
buildings, places, and objects of historical and other Interest. 

Chap. 330, Apr. 2, 1910, 

•Massachusetts (1911): Under Itov. La#s. ch. 12, sec. 5, els. 3, 7, the real 
estate of educational Institutions Is not exempt from taxation unlesa used and 
appropriated for their distinctive purpos^— Burr v. City of Boston, 96 N. B., 


• Mssourl (pi2) : A corporation running an osteopathic school and the presi- 
dent of Its faculty were Jointly liable for malpractice bv the president —Atkin- 
son V. American Sch. of Osteopafny et al., 144 S. W., 816. 


•Missouri (1^0) : The buslnMs of a forefj^ corporation conducting a corre- 
spondence school held Interswe business, so that Rev, Stat 1899, secs, 1024-20 
are void. ' 


. corporation conducting n correspondence school held to do business 

In Missouri within Rev./Stat. 1899, secs. 1024-26, regulating foreign corpora- 


-International Toxthook Co. p. GlUeaple. 129 S. W., 
10684*-^ia ^17 


922 . 


268 


E^CATIOITAL LEGISLATION AND DECISIONS, 


New Jerseir: A- gupplement to iin act antborlBing the sale of land granted or 
devised to rengloiis corporiitloha or to corporations formed or existing for the 
purpose of education, etc.f approved April 17, 1905. 

such lands under certalp conditions notwithstanding 
tte fact .that the lands sold had been devised or j?rnnted to the relleloua 

' * educational corporation before the passage of the act de- 

^ scrioeo, go ^vpr. 0. 1910. 

New Jersey: An act to amend “An act authorizing the wile pf land grunted or 
devised to religious associations or corporations formed or exl.stlng for thfe 
imr|X)se of etlucutlon,” etc,, approved April 17. 1905. 

Under certain conditions lands granted or devlsiNl to^such associations or 
CTOtlons for si^clflc parposes may be sold or nso^for otherpurpo^^^^^ 

Ch. 268, Apr. 12. 1910. 

New Jersey: An act conccriiKH; corporations of this State organized for his- 
torical or Ilbrar>’ purix)ses. 

*'*’'‘* corporation to lake Dy purchase, gift, or bequest and 
ml .oiTin"? und convey same: ami to take 

^^'*1 ""y ‘ I’cupcrty 118 may be granted, hc-qneatlied or 

deilsed to It: and to fulfill tlip pnrrK)ses ami Intent of nny sucli tniat with the 
Mme force and effect ns if said cor,>oration had beeS ori^^IIdly andlorlz^l 
to act in the rapacity of a twistee. ch. 110. Apr. 8. 1910 

New Jersey: Eni|Kuverlng religions, educational, or charitable corporations, 
associations, officers, or trustees thereof,. to sell, or otherwise dispose of lands 
and tenements wlilcli have heretofore l)eeu or may hereafter be granted or 
devised to them upon a trust. ch. 61, Mar. 23, 1911. 

New York: Incor|>oratlng the Xavier Alumni Sodality of the City of New 
York. 

encourugemeut of virtue and piety, and the periH^tuatlun of friend- 
ships formed during college life. . 1 ,.^ 10(1. June 7. 1910. 

New York: IncuriHtratlng tlie ‘"Kconoiulc and Clenornl Foundation.” 

For economic, aHruistic, artistic, sclentIHc, and educational purposes. 

CIk 420, June 8, 1910. ' 

New York: Providing for. the disposition of proiierty, etc., by Institutions 
which have their charters revoked.^ ci,. SGO, July 29, 1911. 

New York: Incor^)orating the trustees of the Pheli>8-Stokes KumI for the 
edocatlon of negroes, Indians, and nt'^y white children through industrial 
schools, scholarships, etc. ch. 123, May 10. 1911. 

x\cw York: Authorizing the .Methodist Kpiscopal Conf(M*ence to l{ucrease or 
almlnish the number of trustees of Drew l^lemlimry and FeiniHe College. 

V V . , 20, Mar. 10.* 1011. 

New York? Incon^wtes Nntioual Academy Association, to encourage the 

study and development of tine arts. , Ch. 305, ApiO 13, 1012. 

• New York (1910) : A contract binding a lessee of the waterworks of a village 
to furnish water free of cost to parochial schools in the vfilagp held not void 
under Const art. 0, sec. 4. . , , 

A lessee of the waterworks of a village held required to Nirnish water fiie 

^f cost to n paiwhinl grnded-»hool huildln^.— St. Pntiick's Church Soc of 

‘ Coming r. Ileernums. 124 N. Y. Sup., 705. 

Oregon t Providing a method of estahllshlng the exis^ce; of foreign corpora- 
tions and asaoclatlons organized for religious, i>en?\olent, literary, educa- 
tional, scientiac, ffne art, musical, sculptural, engraving, nrchitectithil or 
cbultuhle purposes, and not formed for the purixise of gain; / 

' ,, ClL 61, Feb, ia, 1011* 


LIBRABIANS AND MUSEUMS. 


2^9 


« 

PonnsylTanla; Making: appropriations to Inatitfttlons not wholly managed by 
the State liens on the premises of such Institutions for the use of the State, 
and providing for the collection thereof. No. 304, June 9. 1011. 

South Carolina: Incorporating Anderson College, at Anderson. S. C. 

Act 212, Feb. 14. 1911. 

South Dakota: Amending the third paragraph of section 419 of the Uevlsed 
Civil Code of the State. 

Provides for the amendment of the articles of incorporation of religious 
iind educational corporations. ^ Ch. 104, Mar. 2, 1911. 

Teimcsseef^ Authorizing and empowering certain educational corporations to 
amend their charters and prescribing the manner of amendment 

‘ Ch, 19, Mar. 28, 19U. 

• S. LIBRARIANS AND MUSEUMS. 


(a) General. 

Arkansas: Amending section 5r>43 of Kirby s Digest [Code of 1904]. 

Rpises the limit of taxation for libraries in cities of the first and second 
classes from one-fourth of 1 mill to one-hiilf of 1 mill. 

Act '100. p. 125. Apr. 7, 1911. 

Arkansas: Providing that money derived from fees for teachers' certificates 
be use<l to defray expenses of holding einmlnations and tc constitute an 
institute library fund. Act 53. p. 31. Mar. 3, 1911. 

California: Providing for the establishment and maintenance 'of county free 
libraries. 


County boards of supervisors may establish free libraries at county seats 
for such parts of the county as lie outside of lncori>orated cities and towns 
having liltniries and outside of lllnury districts already existing, but such 
cities, towns, or library districts may elect to accept the. provisions of the 
act. A State library commission is created to have general supervision of 
such libraries, to appoint librarians, and to establish branch libraries through- 
out the county. A tax levy of 1 mill is provided. Ch. 6S, Feb. 2S, 1011. 

CaUfornU: Amending sootlon 1714 of tli^^ Polltli-ul Code, relating to the 
library fund in cities. ^ ^ 

Provides that In a city and county organization the fund shall equal an 
amount obtniiTed by multiplying the number of teachers by $10. 

Ch. 096. May 1. 1911. 

CaUfornIa: Amending ch. 480, Acts of 1909. relating to public libraries In 
unincorporated towns and villages. 

two-thirds vote to Issue^bonda. * Ch. 172, Mar. 13, 1911 , 

nc^aware: Fixing a (>ennlty fot willfully detiilnlug iiiiy book, mngaalne. etc., 
belonging to a public or Incorporated library for 30 days after written notice! 

^ Ch. 278,*Mar. 7, 1911. ; 

Florida: Authorljslng lncorporo ted" cities and towns to establish and maintain 
free.' public libraries and reading rooms. 

SfcOTioN 1. Whenever the city or town council of any incorporated city or 
town this State shall deem it advisable to eBtnldlsh fiiiteiniutaiu a public 
librnry and readlng. room free for % use of the inbabItSib of such city or 
^te^tion to such public library and 

Ue established la said My or town, rtiid If a majority of 
the regl^^ored vobrk uf aucU city or tow^. at gi|Ch tt« elepUou* ahaU votaMn 


260 


EDUOATIOirAt LEGISLATION AND DECISIONS. 


favor of eotabHshlilg and maintaining mich public lArnry. the oitv or town 
council of- such looorporated city or town Bhall establish the same! nm\ umy 
levy a tax of not more than 2 mills on the dollar annually to be levied and 
collected In Uke manner as any other taxes of «\ld citv or town, and to be 
known as the “Library ^nd’* Ch. 6109 (No. SO). June 6,1011. 

Florida: Providing for a department of archives and history In the State 
***^*^ry * Ch. 6136 (No. 17), June 2," 1911. 

Idaho: See A (a). 

Illinois: An act to convey certain submerged lands under the wnte^ of I>ake 
Michigan to the Field Museum of Natural History, npd to authorize the 
reclaim! Dg thereof and the erection thereon of a museum building for the 
collection and display of objects pertaining to natural history. 

Grants a tract of 950 by 2.000 feet, now covered by shallow water, and 
provides that the museum shall be'bpen free to the public three days each 
week, and that the grant shall be forfeited for nouus^. 

• * S. B. No. 26. Mar. 8. 1910. (Sp. sess.) 

Indiana: Concerning the legislative reference department of the State library. 

May collect material upon municipal subjects and furnish same to city or 
town officials. 'and may cooperate with State e<\ucational institutions. Re 
moves lln^Jp salary of reference librarian (formerly $1,500). 

^ Ch. 275, Mar. 6, IDll] 

Indiana: Auwrlzlng school cities having a population of more than 100.000 
(Indianapolis) to Issue bonds for $125,000 to purchase site or erect building 
for a public library. ch. 28J. Mar. 7, 1911. 

Indiana: Relating to public-library boards Id towns and cltlea 

In order to participate In management of a city or town i»iibilc library. U»e 
surrounding or contiguous township shall levy for such library n tax of* five 
(Instead of two) tenths of a mill. Other changes of minor character. 

Ch. 241, Mar. 6, 1911. 

Indiana: ElxtendiDg library privileges to townships.^ 


The privileges of the public library of any city or town may be extended to 
the Inhabitants of anylieighborfng township and the advisory boanl of such 
township may levy a tax therefor of npt leas than 0.5 mill nor more than 1 
jnlll. Such tax shall be levied If one-tenth the fninilles of taxpayers of snift 
township use said city or town IIbrar>’. If no such town.sldp tax la levied the 
library board of a city or town public library may issue library cards to non- 
residents at reasonable rates. Ch, 132. Mar 4 I9il * 


Indiana: Amending an act relating to public libraries. 

Tbe advisory board of 9 ^ township may levy a tax of not over 1 mill for 
a public library. If the advisory board do not mftfee such levy, nn election 
ahall be ordered upon petition of 60 legal voters to dWermlne whether such 
tax ahall be levied; minimum. -one-half (Instead of one-fifth) of 1 mill* 
maximum. 1 mill. Townships outside of cities may levy taxHl aid of public 
‘ libraries privately . endowed to the value of $10,000 (Instead of $25000) 
Townships' may unite to maintain a public library. Umlta requirement that 
public library commission ^11 be consulted before books are purchased 

• . " ' Ch. 60. Feb. 27: loij.. v 

Indiana: Authorising any town board to transfer property for library pur- 


poses to tne puolio-llbrary board. Ch, 106. Mtfr. 8. 19ii’ 

lowar ijic^slng f^om $14,000 to.$18.000 the annual approprlatton for the 
library and hlMoftca) department. ’ Ch. 147. Apr. 14. lOu. 

Tax levy pf cities having between 40.000 end 70.000 inhabitants Mmll 
not SEKoeed fobUbtat^ fund onfr>foaKh o( l,mWl. Ch. 81. Mar. 14. lou.- 
Kimsasv ^ <^st<^y and di8bu^i^leh publlcdlbrary funds,- 

' evfry pul^Ild Jlbitj^ ShaU. elect k-^tr^surer. who 'shaU kite 

EH^andpethirmjmsi^^ :chi ta: Mat aii: 



UBRABIAKB AND HOSEUHS. 


261 



Kanstf: CoDferriii}; uikhi women the right to vote In cities upon pobllc-Ubrary. 

propositions. ch. 185. Mar, 14. 1911. 

Kansas: Requiring that all buildings or parts of boildings belonging to the 
State and containing mnseums or other exhibits shall be open to the public on 
Sunday aft«moona Ch. 306, Mar. 14, 1911: " 

Kansas: See A (b>. • 

Lrooislana: To aid public edncation by providing a general library law toT the 


Whenever not less than 2S dtlsens of any parish, city, town, village, or 
other political subdiviaion of this State shall desire to creater^tablUh, main- 
tain, and equip a public library in such parish, city, town, village, or other 
political subdivision, that such citizens. shall address a petition or cnemoriBi, 
signed by such petitioners or memorialists to the police jury, city conndl, 
or such other governing authority of such parish, city, town, village, or 
other political subdivisloD. petitioning and memorializing them to create, 
establish, maintain, and equip a public library in such parish, city, town, 
village, or political subdivision. 

Upon the said petition or memorial being favorably acted on by such police 
Jury, city council, or other governing authority, 'll ahall be promulgated in the 
same manner that resolutions or ordinances of such pqllce jury, city council, 
or other governing authority is publfahed and promulgated ; and if within-80 
days from the last day of such promulgation or publication of such petition 
a number pf citizens equaling or exceeding the number contained in the peti- 
tion or memorial praying for the creation of said library of such pariah, dty, 
town, village, or other political aubdi vision do not by written protest signed 
by mich protestants protest against the erection, creation, malntoaance, and 
equipment of such public library In suqh political subdivision, the said police 
jury, city council, /or other governing authority of such polltlcnl snbdlvlslop 
shall have full power and authwity to appropriate and set aside, out of any 
money or moneys In the trenbury of such political subdivision not otherwise 
appropriated, a sufUclcnt sum for the erection, creation, and equipment of 
such public library Vnd shall have full power and authority to appropriate 
and provide for the maintenance of such library. 

The police Jury, city council, or other governing authority shall, at the mw 
time and by the same ordinance as the appropriation for the erection, estab- 
Ushnient, equipment of such library is made, as provided In section 2 hereot 
nominate, appoint, and commission o board of control thereof, to be oomposed 
of not less than five or more -than seven members, said members to be dtlacDs 
of the city, town, or village or other political sul^vl^lon of/this State appro- 
priating such money for said library ; which board of control, after taking an 
oath to well and faithfully perform their duties as members of such board of 
control shall be vested with full control and supervision of the erection.' estab- 
lishment, uialnterinnce. and ^ulpment of such library, and shall, fft its first 
meeting after Its appointment and qualification, elect one of Its members as 
chairman,' another as secretary, and a third as treasurer, provide that the 
treasurer so elected shall furnish bond, with good and solvent surety, eondi- . 
tioned Cor the faithful performance of his duties, and provided that such bond 
shall be In an gmount to be determined by snch boa^. provided that such 
bond sbail not be for a less amount thou Is appropriated by the police jory, 
city council, or other governing nuthi.rity for aucb library. " 

That sneb board of control so appointed and commissioned shall be ap- 
pointed and cotnmlsslODed for a term ef six yeaiii the date of thMr ap- 
pointment, provided thnt the first board appointed and’ cbmmtsalpned nnder ' 
this act shall consist of six members, two to appointed and commlssioDed 
for two ^ear% Ufo to be appointed and commisaioDed for four yeani and two 
to be appointed find commls^oued for six years, and provided farther, ^ - 

no^olScer of such boa|^or any member thereof fihall ever receive any reutr- ' ' v 
neratlon whatsoever ftom sa0 library eg the ^funds ai^roprlated fbr'aama ' ~ 

That said board of control shalUiave power and authority to make'all neefia- » ^ 
aanrvmlei, riaiilationa and.bx*Taws for the nrooer of ewAh inivoW . 


8Ute. 



ERIC 


V482 


BDUOAinOHAL LEOMLATIOW A»D DBOI 8 IOKB. 


TacandM In said board, from whatuoeTer cauM. ahall 
McfcOT^attonS””* original members thereof^ were appointed 

be eipmtded by' said board shall only be wlthdrtwn from Its 
treasurer, approved by the chairman and 
^retary; Aat such board of control shall have power 
‘“i,*’.'!?'**®®® "*■ title to real estate wh^n 

to estebll^ sn^ library, provided that the title to same shall be vested 
Is ’^'•’“B®- “*■ other political subdivision appropriating 

the funds for the same, and provided that such board of control shall not In 
one year, create debts for more than the estimated revennes of such board 
.for one years time, except that property donated or gire to such board need 
cwculoted In or estimated as the annual estimated rerennes thereof 
1 promulgation, and shall not 

ap^y to libraries or library boards already In existence, or to cities, towna 
or villages of over 100.000 Inbabltanta, Act 149 July 6 1910 

Maryland; Amending sections 95-115, article, 77, of the Code* of Public Om- 
erol Laws bf 1904, relating to the public library commission and to public 
libraries. ■ ^ 


nnnual appropriation for the public library commission from 

|1,000 to 11.500. 

Any board of county commissioners mfty ^bllsh a free public library and 
reading room at the county seat, with branches nt siuli i>i«ce8 throughout Uu* 
country as may be desirable. They may levy an annual tox for th4 Durobse 
not exceeding 5\ cents on each $100 of taxable property. 

When request^^to do so by the majority of voters In any el^lon district 
the board of conh^ commissioners shall establish and control a public library 
in the said district and may levy therefor a tn.x of 7 cents on each $100 

The l^Blatlve authority of any municipality may likewise establish and 
maintain a public library and rending room and may levy a tax therefor not 
to exceed 7 cents on each $100. Each library established under this act shall 
be controlled and administered by a board of nine directors, appointed by the 
county commissioners or by legislative authority by which the said library 
is established. Each library boqrd shall make a detailed nnnual report to the 
wunty commissioners or leglsld|$e nuthoAty of the municipality. 

The State public library con^ls41on may ext)end not over $100 fof' books 
for any library established under the foregoing provisions. 

No. 505, Apr. 11. 1910, Iaws 1910, pp. 221-226. 

Maijland: Repealing sections 14, 15, * and 16. chapter, $67, I 4 iw 8 of 
authorlalng the governor to appoint five library commissioners. 


This act does not affect the Maryland public libra ry».commlsslon. 

Ch. 332, Apr. 7, 1910, Laws 1910, p. 399. 

Massachusetts: Apthorlslng public libraries of cities and towns to lend books 
and library material to tbe public libraries of jother cities and towns. 

140, Mar. 14, 1911. 

lOchlgn: Relating to arrangements for the use of the public library of any 
dty. vUlage, or township by the Inhabitants uf an adjoining township, 

! Terms and conditions of such use cdiall be fixed by contract, which shall in 
nq case run for a longer tehn than three y^rs. Eormdr provisions relating 
to .'participation in control of and division of expenses are .repealed. 

Na 272, May 2, 1911. 

mehlaw: Approprlatliig fS.OOO amintiny tor books tor tho' flttte Ilbinry and 
ItMXW) BDnuaUy for booka and equlpn^t tor the Ml^^n ^velliif llbraHea 

' Faymoit tor printing aod binding rpqnlred tor the State library and for 
, trtv^lng Ubmrlet ahan b« made from the general fond of the 8tat»> The 
«una aivropriated by tbU act UmlllM pai|l ont of the general fond to the 
' State tibnriaii; Mo. IB, ifar. M, i»u. 


tlBBABIANB AN^MUSEUHS. 263 

MichiKAti: Auieiidiug an act relating to public free libraries and reading rooma 
lu dties, incoriwrated villages, and townahtpa. 

When authorlwM by popular vote, a tat not exceeding 1 mill may be levied 
in any city contahitng not ovef 10,000 inhiiblttints for the eatabllshment and 
maintenance of it free puliHc library^ Jso. 178, Apr, 20, 1011, 



Michigan: Amending an act to protect public and other libraries. 


Increases the maximunKflDe for damaging books and other property of 
such libraries and extemln the list of profited articles to Include photographs, 
]>eriodicais. etc. . * No. 58, Apr. 7, 1911, 

Michigan: Increasing th& salary of the assistant State librarian from $900 
to $1,200 per annum. No. 31, Mar. 31,1911. 


Minnesota: Authorizing the board of_park commissioners of any city of the 
first class to accept any gift or devise to be use<l for a public park, museum, 
gallery, or school of arts and crafts. 

Authorizes u tax levy of one-olghth of 1 mil I to mnlntaln such nmseun\ 
gallery, or school of arts and crafts. Oh. 95. Apr. J 1911. 

Missouri: Authorizing boIkwI districts to'vote l>oud8 for the purpose of erect* 
ing llbrarj’ bulidings. S. B* 124, p. 394, Mar, 30, 1911, 

Nebraska: Authorizing the esrablisliment of tnh* 11 bra rips in counties contain* 
iug over 160,000 inliabltants for the tise of public officers. 

ClJI>74. Apr. 10. Ifni. 


Nebraska: Estubtishing the Nebraska Ijegislative Reference-Bureau. 



8aid bureau sIihU gather, arrange, catniogue. and publish infortnatlon upon 
subjects of legislation and ndinintstrattoii. It shall be nflhinted with the 
rniversity of Nebniska aiul shall be muler the direction of the board of 
regents of the university, who shalt apiMtnt ii director and assistants nuthot^ 
ized by law. ^ Oh. 72, Apr. 7. 1911. * 

Nebraska: Extending the free public library law (formerly applicable only to 
Incorporated cities and towns) to villages, counties, townships, and school 
districts.^ 

The authorized tax rate 1b raised from 2 to 3 niltls. The library board of 
any pubkc library may ct)utrnct to furnish the privileges of such library to 
miy inhabitants of any neighboring village, county, townshiK or school dis- « 
trtct. Thcr authority of city councils over library boards is withdrawn, except 
in relation to reports. Ch. 73, Mar. *23, 1911, 

Nevada: Provhdlng for an assistant Slate librerinu, at $1.8(X) pdr annum, ' • 

Ch. 104, Mar. 16, 1911. 

Nevada: To pro\idcn temporary structure for the preservation and exhib||lo1V 
of the library, manuscripts, musenm, and collections of the Nevada Historical 
Society. - 

Appropriates $6,000, not mdVe thap $2,000 of which shall be nsed for a wlte, 

^ . , Ch. 203. Mar, 28, 1911. • 

New York: Providing for the establishment of the State library and making 
an authorizing contracts for fumlsUlKg the State 

education building. • 

The commisslwer of educntlon is ahthorited to^e^r into contracts for not 
exceeding $1.25d!u00. to reestablish and enlargedhft^Btate library and^fbr not • 
exceeding $200,000 to furniflh the education building. 

Ch. 901, Oct 24,1911\ ‘ . 




- ^ !'"■* MI-1, 

864 ' BDUOmOKAI. lioiSL&TlbN ANd\dkCI^I0N8. 

Korth Oarolina; Provldln* f&r the esUbllahiDeDt and malntenauce of imblle 
libraries. 

aldermen or town commleslonera of any Incorporated city or 
toifn shall, upon petition of ^ per cent of the registered voters, submit the 
jetabllahment at next municipal elecUon. if majority Is favorable. 

. . of aldermen or town commissioners shall establish such library and 
therefor of not exceeding 1 mill. The government of such library 
^ I he by a bwrd of six trustees, appointed for six yeafs. the terms of two 
expiring every two years. cb. fS3,. Mar. 4. 1911, 

North Dakota: Relating to library funds 

'?r *® c'»e« “ot exceeding 

60.(W Inhabitants [no city exceeding the limit] and to villages and townsblns 
containing over 400 Inhabitants. ch. 170. Mar. 3, 1911.*^ 

Oklahoma: Authorizing cities of the first class to establish and maintain 
public libraries and to levy a tux of 2 mills therefor. 

Former law restricted such authorization to cities of over 5.000 Inhabitants. 

Cb. 91, Mar; 16, 1911. 

Oreffon; AuthorIzIbg n tax- levy of IJ mills for public-library buildings In 
counties containing 50,000 or more Inhabitants. Cb. 17, Feb. 20, 1911. 

Oregon; Establishing farm libraries and providing for their operation and 
malntenan.ee. 

Authorizes the couhty commissioners of any county, at their discretion to 
appropriiUe a maximum of $200 of the general fund of the county for 'the 
*? points In such o<mnty farm libraries con- 

sisting of standard books on agriculture, animal husbandry, or TOultrv 

Agricultural College. Such 
county, and shall |»e free 

to all residents thereof. cjj. ^ 24 , peb. 20, 1911. 

Oregon: Amending an act relating to public llbrnrles. 

1 ni^.’hnnn^*.? ."T < '“stesd of any county containing io.OOO or more 

Inhabttnnts) to levy n tfli of not over one-half (Instead of one-flfth) min W 

•>« public lltra^ bran* 

libraries, rending rooms, lectures, and museums. Ch. 16J, Feb. 21, 1911 
Khode Island: Authorizing the State board of education to provide for tbs 
vlBltntlon ai)4 examination of frre public libraries and the managemetft of, 
free public libraries. 

Increases annual appropriation for sucb purposes from $1,000 to $2,000 

, C}»- 678, Apr, 25. 1911. \ 

Rhode Island: State librarian shall be State record commissioner. He shall ' 
prepare a report of number, kind, and condition of public records in control 
of State, city, and town offleers and In churcbes and other States relating to 
Rhode laland. Ch. 822, Apr. 26. 1912. 

Utah: Amending certain acts relating to free public libraries and public gym. 
nasitimi in cities of the' third class and Incorporated towna 

detemlne eetabllshment of such libraries and Rynmasl urns .aba li 
xf 0^ 10 per cent (Instead of 00) of the legal v^eoa. 

library. 8 mills (Instead of l mill) ; maximum 
« |br free public library and public gymnasium. 4 (Instead of 2) mlllji. 
Spline provwon fbr boaid of dliectors for such InsUtutlon^ kul S Iw 
WuLriJ” dtetricts to matotaln ^puw“ 

I Oh. 78. Mar. liUMi. 

. .. 

It^bllahing a legialatlTe referenop bnrean In the State Ithtarr 
; -r \ , No. 9, Jan. 12, lOli, 







XJBRARtANa AND MUBEUMS* 


265 


Verniont; Relating to libraries in penal Institutions. 

The board of llbniry commissioners shall .provide and maintain suitable 
libraries In the State penal and charitable Institutions. Appropriations. |600 
In 1911 and |200 aunnHlIy thereafter. ' No. 236, Jan. 4, 1911. ’ 

Vermont; Authorizing tbe village of Jeffersonville to establish and mainUib 
a public library and reading room. No. 308. Jan. 20, 1911. 

Vermont: l*rohIbitInjr tbe purloining of books from public and certain other 
libraries. Penalty, flue of not over $50. one-half to the use of the library. 

No. 227, Jan. 20, 1911. 

Wisconsin: Amending chapter 50 of the laws of 1907, being aif act entitled 
“An act relating to the maintenance of public libraries in cities hnvlbg a’ 
i;^pulatibn of 150,000 or more.” 

Reduces the amount of tax levy for the support of libraries. 

Ch. 199, May 10, 1911 

Wisconsin: Amending section 3781 of the Statutes, relating to tbe Wisconsin 
free library commission, and making an appropriation therefor. 

Increases appropriation from $15,000 to $^oVooo! Provides for InvesUgatlon 
of various legislative mutters. ch. 550, July 7, 3911 

WiscoBSln; Amending section 932 of the Statutes, relating to the membership 
of library boards. ch. 320, June 8, 1^11 * 


(b) Public-School Libraries. 

Alabama: To provide for the esUbllshment of libraries In tbe rural, town, atm 
village schools of Alabama; to make an appropriation tberefor; to provide 
for their maintenance and for their improvement; to authorize the commis- 
sioners’ court or the board of revenue of the several counties to make an 
appropriation for the establishment and support of said libraries; and to 
provide rules and regulations under which said libraries shall be established 
and maintained. * 

Section 1. Rc it enactefl by the LeffUlature of Alabama, That'the sum of 
$100 for each <wunty. In all ^,700. be. and tbe same Is hereby, appropriated 
annually out of any moneya not otlierwlae appropriated for the purpose of 
Mtabllahing and nmlntnlnlng libraries In the public schools of Alabama: 
Provided, That the provisions of this act shall not apply to any school located 
in a town or city of more than 1,000 inhabitants. 

Sbo. 2. That any commissioners’ murt or board of revenue, or other BtmlJar 
court In any county of this Stale,*^, and the same I9 hereby, tuthortzed to 
appropriate not less tlian $10 to each, district public school in the county in 
any one year for the purpose of establishing, nmintalning. enlarging, or im- 
proving public libraries in rural, village, or town schools; Provided, That no 

located In a town of more than 

1,000 inhabitants. 

Sec. 3. That in order to obtain the benefits of the provisions of mn act the 
patrons or friends of any district school shall first reise a sum of not less 
than $10 and deposit the said nmount .with the oonnty superintendent of edu- 
cation. He shall within ten days certify to the commlsalnners* court or other 
similar court or board of the said county the fact of Se said depoatt and 
request action thereon. Thereupon the said court or board shall at once, of 
at the term following the receipt of the notice, consider the appUcatkm, 
ai^ shall either dismiss the same or make ah apppoprlatitm of not less than 
po. If the appropriation shall be made, the prt^te Judge or other nnstd* 
Ing oflSber of^tbe court or board shall on the same date oertt^ the fact to 
tte county epperintmident of edncatlon, who aUall tmmedlatsly thereafter * 
tru^t the same td die StatSe superintendent education. On recoM of ^ 
. nodes the fttats snpiifatendint shall asks a - 







266 


BiyTOATIONAL UBOIBLATION ATHX> DECISIONS. 



auditor for the sum of $10 in order to meet such donation and appropriation. 
The said warrant sball be drawn In favor of the county treasurer of school 
ruDOs, Ho whom shall iiIho be at once paM pver by the county superintendent 
of eda<Mtlon tie amount first wllected by voluntary subscription and the sum 
appropriated by the cmmtyi An account of the said sums so received shall 
be kept separate, and they shall be paid out by him as hereinafter directed. 

vSK; 4. That the State superintendent of education, with the assistance of 
tne director of the department of archives and history, shall compile and 
publl^ a carefully selected and annotated list of books, from which the 
JlbrartM herein provided shall be chosen, and they shall also adopt and pub- 
lish rul^ and regulations for the choice of books, their use, preservation, aud 
oircDlatiou. the erection of book shelves or bookcases, and the equipment of 
, rooms or buildings, and the traluliig of librarians or custodians for 

the prarlea The selections shall be, as nearly as possible, reprerentative 
of the whole field of literature and maximum prices for purchase shall be” 
indicated,. 

Sec. B. That the local board of trustees of the district In which the school 
IS located and to which u library Is granted shall constitute a library hoard 
charged with the administration of the library ns other school property, and 
they are hereby charged with the same care and attention In connection 
therewith as of the sch(K)l grounds, the school building or buildings, and the 
school equipment. They shall select the librarian or cnstodlaUj who shall be 
the teacher, if he or she will consent to act. and they shnU see that the rules 
prescribed herein are carried out; but If the Ilhraplnn Is other than the 
teacher, such i>erKon shalJ be under the dl ration of the teacher jih the reiire- 
sentatlve of the district board of irnstees. They shall provide n HUitnhle 
iMwkcnse or hookc^ases. with lock and key. for the iireservatlou of the library. 

Sec. G. That the selection and purchase of the iKwks from the authorized list 
shall be made* by .the district hoard of trustees, upon the recounueudatloa of 
the teacher or of any patron or friend of Uie school. After the older therefor 
shall l>e placed, on rewipt of notice of the delivery of the lawks, the coimtv 
treasurer of whool funds shall draw a wuiTant or check to cover the eharges 
Includlug the^relght. Vouchers or bills lu duplicate shall be made out one 
topy for the county treasurer of school funds and one co))y to he hr the 
bookseller or denier to the State siuwrlntendeut of education. ^ 

Sec. 7. That all unexpended balances on the 1st day of October each year 
shall be reapportioneti equally among nit the counties of the State. 

Sec. 8. That no iierson charged with any duties hereunder shall receive 
any compensation or commission for hi^or her services. 

. Act .‘W5. p. 301, Apr. 1.3. 1011. 

Arizona: District trustees may use 3 per peiit of ali school funds (not to 
exceed $3(X) per year) for llb^nrj’ books, bbokn of reference, and schoolroom 
decorations. ^ . 

Libraries shall be under c^trol of district trustees, rind If practicable In 
Bchoolhouse, free to pupils and accessible to others on payment of reasonnhle 
fee. 

Trustees shall repqi|t to comity superintend^pt. 

Chi 77 (Ch. XV). ^ay 20. 1912. 

Canfomiji: Allowing union hIgh-school districts to establish, equip, and main- 
tain public Ubraries; prorldlng for the formation, government, and operation 
Of 8U(^ library districts; for the a^ulsltloh of property thereby; for the 
calling and holding of elections in such dts^cts; for the assessment, coUec- 
Ahm, costody, and disbursement of taxes therein. Ch. 279, Mar. 24„ 1911, 
lowai Relating to vacancies in the office of library. trusted 

Abten^ of any ^h ^stee from six r^nlar^tlhgs without due explana- ‘ 
tlon shall vacate hta office. / ch. 36. Apr. 16. i9ii. 

^ Beating to school-district lih rar^eL 

of nay school district 'may (instead of '** shall set 
: - funds ofthe district 10 ottU Uil for the 




K 'f ' \ 


T 


HDVQATION OF 8FEOIAL CLAj^ES. 


267 


Pennsflvani*: Bee A (a). 

Virginia I An act to amend and reenact an act to provide for the estobllah* 
ment of libraries In the public schools of the rural district a, nud to appro- 
priate money therefor, approval March 14, 1908, so as to extend its provi- 
sions to the libraries of city schools. , Ch. 317, Mar. 17, 1910. 


T. EDUCATION OF SPECIAL CLASSES. 


(a) General. 

Bee aho ./ (h). 

Indiana; Bee D (c). * 

Kentucky: ClmiiKing names of insane asylums, etc., to “ boRpItnls," Increases 
fron^|150 to^lTiii i>er ohpita appropriation for iiauiter inmates. Like increase 
for inmates of institution for the feeble-minded. Ch. 85, Mur. 14, 1912. 

Nebraska: Proi>osing an amendment to the State constitution creating a board 
of commissioners for Slate institutlous to manage and conlnd all charitable 
reformatory and |>eniil institutions td the State. 

To l>e MHinnilted to the i>e<)i)Ie at Uie general election in Xoveinber, 1912. 

Ch. 225, Apr. 10, Iftll. 

New Jersey: An 'net to amend an act for the instruction and nnUntenuiice of 
indigent deaf nn^^ dumb, blind, and feeble-minded {persons, etc., approved 
March 12, 1873, as amended l»y an act approved Mar^ 16, 1893. 

Any dwf and dumit. blind, or feeble-minded person of a suitable age and 
caimclty for instruction may ite entitled to the benefits of the said act. iUe- 
moves the limitation not under five j^ears of age.”] Ch. 120, Apr. S. 1910. 

New Jersey: An act concerning admissions to InsUtutions for the feeble- 
minded. epileptic, tubercular, and blind. 

Applications for admission to such institutions supported in whole or in 
part by the State shall l»e made to the commissioner of charities and cor- 

Ch. 208, Apr. 9, 1910. 

New Jersey: A fnrther supplement to nn'nct for the Instruction and malnte-, 
nance of indigent deaf and dumb, blind, and feeble-minded persons, lnhabl-1 
tants of this State, approved March 12, 1873. 

I of charities may parole male Inmates of such Instltntlons ' 

into the custody of his ivareuts, guardians, or any fit persons. 

^ Ch. 212, Apr. 0, 1910. 

New Jeney: Supplementing an act entijtle<l "An net to establish a thorough 
and efficient system of free public schools, and to provide for the maintenance, ' 
support, and management thereof.”, approved October 10, 1003.’ 

”1. Each boar^ of education In this State shall ascertain what children, If i 
any,- there ore In the imbllc schools who are three. years or more below the , 
district In this State In which there jire 10 or more ' 
cWldren thiw years or more below the nortnal. the board of education thereof 
shall Mtabllsh a si^eclal class or classes for their Instruction, no class, how- 
ew, to contain more than 16 ehlldra. * In each school district In UiU State 
•where there are 10 or more blind or deaf children who ai'e not now cared fbr ' 

OT for Jn.an instltuUon, a special class or classes shall 

edtwaU^*>ii^such.cla8a, however, to contain more than 
,Such claa^ shall ^ dlmntlntied when proper proviMcm Is made 
apd of rack bili^ and children by . the. State. The- 

- (Uatiiet .aimir.eAAmlhe chtldreii. lit sn^al eikneo' -r ■ 

bktt In. evigy three, uamthn’*-' ^ .. • ; ^ 




\ 


m 


.A’ 


268 ."Mt/OAXIONAL LEGISLATION AND DECISIONS^ 

New York: Amending, tbe edncntion law. " 

Sbctior 827’. Instead of the specific appropriation of not over $1,000 *annn- 
ally for the support and education of 10 Indians In State normal schools, the 
amount and the number of beneficiaries are left to the action of the lerisln- 
ture In. making appropriations, • ^ 

Sec. 040 et seQ. Places the education of Indians more directly under the 
control of the cpminissloner. Eliminates the provisions for sui>erlmendentB of 
Indian schools. ^ ch, 140, Apr: 22, 1910. 

North Dakota: See A (6). 

Ohio: See A (6). • * 


T. (b) Deaf and Dumb* 

Connecticut: Empowering the governor to appoint deaf persons to any school 
within the State for Uistructlon, ^ * Ch. 47, Apr, 27, 1911. 

Idaho: Authorizing a tax levy of one-third of a mill on the dollar for pur- 
poses of the school for tliq deaf and blind at Gooding. Ch, 34, Mar 3, l9ll, 

Illinois:' Authorizing school directors.ond boards of education to establish and 
maintain classes aud schools for deaf and dumb and blind, and providing for 
payment from the State treasury of the excess cost of maintaining and 
operating such classes and schools over the cost of maintaining and operating 

' elementary schools for normal children. 

The excess cost to be paid by the State shall not excee<i *110 for each deaf 
pupil or $t60 /efr each blind pupil. All classes and schools esta Wished under 
this act shall be subject to the supervlsiou of the^ superintendent of public 
instruction. H. B. No. 400, p, 502, June 2, 1911, 

Kentucky; An act for the benefit of the Kentucky School for the Deaf, 

Appropriates $600 annually for employing a teacher for the deaf nhd blind, 
no provision for which has hlth-rU) been made. 

Provides that the schools for the white and colored deaf shall be operated 
as separate institutions, but under same board of coinmlsHloners and same 
superlntendeuL Ch. 99, Mar. 25, 1910. 

Kentucky: Kentucky Institute for the Education <>f Deaf Mutes changed to 
Kenfiicky School for the Deaf. Status cho'nged liom an eleemosjTiary to an 
educational Institution. * Ch. 71, Mar. 13, 3012. 

New York: Amending the education law in relatli^n to the amount and pay- 
ment of expenses for tuition and maintenance of deaf *ch!ldren In certain 
Institutions. 

Increases the malt mum cost allowable from public fundi^!^am"1$300 to $325 

'per year for each child. ' Ch. ^22, Mi^y 18, 1910. 

North Carolina: To enable the North Carolina School for the Deaf and 
Dumb to secure an adequate water supply. ' 

May join with other corporations, persona, or firms to provide water systoin. 

Ch. 126, Mar. 7, 1911. 

North Carolina: Relating to the allowance for clothing for Indigent pupils in 
the State School for the Blind and the Deaf. 

Increaset the allowance from $20 to $25 per year. Ch. 212, Mnr. ^ 1911, 

Pennsylvania: See A (a). 

South Carolina: An act to. Increase the efl^cl^cy of the South Carolina Inatl- 
tnttoii' for the BdUcaUos of the Deaf and bopotU- 

Said .Institution ' may provide for the higher education of any graduate 
thereof in any chartered colle^. Not more than four graduates may be thus 
aided in any one year. Appropriates $600 for inch purpose. 

' ; Act 408,?*>M). W, mo. 



KDUOATIOK OF SPECIAL Ol^SSSa 


269 


Utah; nelatln&.to the board of trustees of the l^h School for the Deaf. 

Said board FhaU consist of the attorney general and five citizens. • 

Ch. Mar. 18, 1911. 


Vermont: Providing for the care and education of defective children. 

Appropriates $50,000; payable In annual ipstnllments for six years, for 
• erecting bandings, etc., for' the Austln'b Institution at Brattleboro. Said 
Institution shall be subject to the visitation of the board of visitors of State 
instltutiont and shall receive, care fof. and Instruct at actual cost such deaf 
and dumb chiidien ns may be designated by the governor under chapter 100 
of the General Statutes . No. 74. Jan. 27, 1911. 

Vermont: See A (d). 

Washington : Appropriating $50,000 for the erection of buildings for the school 
for the blind. * Ch. 68, Mar. II, 1911. 


j 


T. (c) BUnd- 


Arizona: State board of education shalf have power td provide care aUd main- 
tenance and Instruction for blind children under school age when parents are. 
unable to care for them. 

Board of education may contract with any proper Institution for care, 
maintenance, and InStructlou of such children, at rate not over $1 per day! 
provided parents or surviving parent give. written consent Contract to con- 
tinue until child reaches age of 6, and board of education may continue same 
till child reaches age of 12. * 

* ' Twenty-five hundred dollars shall be Included In tax to be levied for school 
purposes, and ^lat sum Is applied for purposes of this act 

Does not repeal any existing law. Si><K*ini session, ch. 9, June 8, 1912. 

Colorado: Relating to thifc education of the adult blind of Colorado; creating 
- and eat'ibli8hlng\the office of a ** State teacher of the adult blind in the State 
of OolorndiC’ prescribing the duties of said office, and providing for the quall- 
flcatlona. appolritikient, term of service, Mlary, and traveling expenses of such 
-officer. \ * Ch. 2, June 1. 1911. 

• Iowa: See A (6). * ,♦ 

Iowa: Fixing* the minimum hionthly allowance for the support o*f the College 
of the Bllnd-*nt $3.00p.* Cb. 139, Apr. 16, 1911. 

Mississippi: An act to\allow'the trusteeg of the blind Institution to furnish the 
toots to the graduates of said institution neces^^ry to b^in their trade. 

It aba'll be the duty of said trustees to furnish to tha graduates of the Insti- 
tution tpolB not to excee<l $100 in cost, to be paid from the funds of the Insti- 
tute. Ch. 131. Apr. 11, 1910. 

N^w Jersey: State will assist blind persons de^ring higher education in any 
coll^ege,>^ university, or tcjchnologlcal school of the State. Will pay $200 for 
tuition fees and $300 per prinijm 4o rend to the student * 


State comnjissIOqer of education shall administer law. Appllcnota must be 
duly qualified and raable to defray the expense. Ch. 3^, 

New York: Relating to the compulsory education of blind children. 

Ch. 710, July 20, 1011. 

New Blind babies and children under 12, not living In New York City, 

needing klndergart^ instruction, may be^polntfd to receive such Uwtnic- 
tion agitate pupils In certain Instltutioui for blhid children. 'May Tater be 
certified to an Institution for the blind, Ch. 00, Mw. 22, 1912. 


f 








^ I ^ 

270 ■ BDUCATIONAI. I^GIStATION AND DECISIONS. 

i * " 

New Yortc; of instniction Of State ptiplis !n Institutions for the deaf nnd 

for the blind. Regular term of instruction of State pupil U flye years; may 
be extended three years by comhiiasioner of educatlen (according to old law). 
Commissioner of education may' extend term three years additional for higher 
course of study.- Not more than 30 In one institution, and only selected 

Ch. 223. Apr. 8, 1912. 

Pennsylvania: S>ee A (o). ' 

Rhode Island: Authorizing the Slate board ot edutiUion to provide instruc- 
tion for the adult blind at their homes. 

Ai>i»ropriutes ^.000 nmiiiallyi for swUd [H)rt>OHe. Cli. HSO. Apr. 2G< 1911. 


T."(d) Crippled and Deformed. 

Florida: Authorizing the St u/e‘ board of health to establish a hospital for In- 
digent crippled children. ' Ch. 6133 (No. 14), May 30, 1911. 

Pennsylvania: ^ £urc A ('i). - ■■ 


* T. (e) Feeble-Minded. ' 

Idaho; Kstabllahlng a school^or feeble-mindeti and epileptic persons. 

, . ^ Ch. 41. Mar. 4, 1911. 

Indiana; Pertaining to manner of admission of feobie-udnded and Idiotic chil- 
dren and adult feeble-minded women^Shto the Indiana Scbwl for Feeble- 
Minded Youth; providing fo^ maintenance fees in certain cases. 

Ch. 102, Mar. 4, 1011. 

Maine: Consolidating underTaNlfi^ board of hospital trustees the umnage- 
meat of the Maine Insane Hospital at A^ustii, the Eiistern Maine Insane 
Hospital at Bangor, and the ^liiine School for ^"eeble-Minded nt Powniil. 

Ch. 107, Mar. 3U 1911. 

Michigan;, Providing a tax levy to meet the amounts dlsbursetl by the SShte 
.^XcMh^fac several asylums, etc. ^ 

The tax levy ror 1912 shull include, for the Mich i gun Home for Feeble- 
Minded and Epileptic, IKM.364.73. No. 4S. Apr. 8. 1011. 

New Jersey: Every medical Inspector of s<*h(K>l8 shall Teport to the local 
board of health every pupil mentally deficient or suflforlug from epilepsy. 
Local. board of health sh^ report same to State board of health. 

Every person so afflicted shall be deemed to be under ^guardianship of the 
commissioner of 'charities correction^, who may committ to au Institution 
or supervise care nnd treatment! ShaiPbe authorized to enforce proper care 
and discipline of sufferer, Ch. 182, Mar. 27, 1012. 

North CaroUna; Establishlafe the North Carolina School for the Veeble- 
<*^lnded. 9 ^ 

For the care and educfttfon of Idiotic nnd feeble-minded f>ei^ns 0 years 
of age and upward.., Management nnd supervision vested In >& board of 
tms^B of nine members appointed by the governor, the -State superintend- 
ent of public Instruction being president. Proper subjects for said school 
who are . indigent and destitute may be admitted as State char^i when 
parents or guardians are able to do Mo,Ahey shall pay suolwifums for mainte- 
nance, care, aafl^instructlon as the trustees may determine. CominIttal\sbail 
> be made, by ti» clerk .of/be proper county court upon Application and After 
V?*?® brerlnjr./ Discharge .shall be by any trustees or ^ a 





DEPENDENTS AND DELINQUENTS. 


271 


Justice of the State supreme or superior court when further detention seenu 
no longer necessary. Board of trustees shall select and acquire site with 
approv^ of governor and council of State, and trustees shaU^rect and 
equip the necessary buildings. Appropriation, $60,000 for the biennium. 

Ch. 87, Mar. 4, 1011; 

North Dakota: Fixing? the tuition of inmates of the institution for the feeble- 
* 'minded at $16 per, month (instead of $50 seminnnuuily). 

Ch. 165, Feb. 10, JOll. 

North Dakota: Requiring the superintendent of the institution for the feeble- 
minded to cover quarteriy into the State treasury all (instead of proceeds 
remaining after clothing of Inmares is -provided] the shdib received from the 
persona legally responsible for the suprwrt of tlie inmates. 

North Dakota: See A (6). . ^ 

Ohio: Amending sedtion 1815 of General Code relating to support of iumutes 
iu benevolent instiintlons (Including the instituflon for the* feeble-minded) 
by adding 10 suppiementnl sections wherein is provided that n husband or 
wife, or'son or daughter, or a father or mother, or both, may beheld liable 
for the support of inmates in such institutions; providing n maximum ex- 
l»ense In each^caso to be $4 i>er week; and exempting hononibly discharged 
soldiers and sailors of the Unlte<l States who are Inmates of the Institutions 
named. h. B. No. 108. May 2, 1930, 

Washington: Directing the State board of control to acquire additional lauds 
of not less than 320 acres for the State Institution for the Feeble-Minded. 

Ch, 122. Mar. 1T^’-1911. 

Wyoming: Changing* name of . Wyoming lUnne for the Feeble-Minded ami 
Kpileptic” to “Wyoming School for Defectives," and providing for commit- 
. mciAs, cure of inmates, etc. * Ch. 103, Mur. 1, lOll. 


T. (f) Tuberculous Children. 

Ohio: Authorizing city boards of education to i*H(iihli8h si»e('lnl elementary 
schools for youth afflicted with tuberculosis uml to exclude such youth from 
the, regular elementary schools and to provide for nml pay from! the school 
• funds the expense of transportation of said youth to i^nd from such special 

S. B. No. 44, p. 310, May 36, 3010. ' 
llhodo Island: The school committee of any city or town may establish of>qn- 
alr schools for children not Ih^yslcn! oondition to be Instructed In ordinary 
schools, . May furnish medlcln^ lood, and other supplies, 

Ch. S16, Apr. 26, 1912. 




U. WELFARE 'OF DEPENDENTS AND DELINQD[ENTS. 


(a) General. 

Alabama: EstabUshlng a reform school for tiie training of Juvenile negro 
^iawbrmkers at Mount Meigs and appropriating therefor. . 

ProvIdes*^r Instruction in the common branches and in agriculture Jind 
industries. Act 380, p; Apr. 24, 1&13. 

Alkbamai Approprletiiig $30,000 for new buildings: arieTi^nlpment for V 
, Alalt^ma todusUlal School f^ Whlte Boys, Act 472, V* ^ Afth 18> lt*L i 




272 EDUCATIONAL LEOISLATION AND DECISIONS. 

A laba m a;^ Appropriating $6S.OOO tor new buildingi and equipment to the 
Alabama' schools for the deaf and blind. 238, p. 413, Apr. 11, 1911. 

Arizona: Providing fpr destitute, hopeless, and depraved women, and for neg- 
lected, abandoned, and homeless cl^Uiren. The judge of the superior court 
or county boards of supervisors may commit to any suitable nonsectarinn 
institution in the State, ^^genses to be paid by the county from which the 
commitment is made. ^ Ch. 67, May 17, 1912. 

Arkansas: A*mendiug section 4120 and repealing sections 5965 and 6006 of 
Kirby’s DIges/ [Code of 1904]. 

.Abolishes board of trustee of U»e Confederate-Soldiers’ Home. Increases 
\ the board of trustees of the school for the^bllnd, the deaf-mute institute, and 
. the insane asylum from six to seven In number and gives this board control 
of the Confederate Soldiers’ Home. - »Act 184, p, 154, Apr. 12. 1911. 

California: Providing for the supervision and control of the State board of 
charities and corrections, of the [dacing of dependent children In homes, and 
. for the supervision of all societies or Organization^ known as home-flnding 
societies, • ^ • • gh. M9, Apr. 24. 1911. 

Colorado: Authorizing the placing of poor ,orplinn^Ildreu In charitable edu- 
cational Institutions and binding them thereto. ^ Ch. SO, June 2, 1911. 


Connecticut: Amending section 2705 of the Ceneral Statutes, relating to com- 
paltments of n^lected children to Industrial or reform, schools. 

/ Ch. 107. Aug. 1, 1911.^ 

Florida; Appropriating $5,000 to pay the indebtedness |of the Sbite Refora 
" ^hool. ^ Ch. 0128, (,N^. 0). June 3. 1911. 

Idafio: Aj^proprlatlng $14,000 for the benefit of the CbW(0en’8 Home Finding 
Wd Aid Society of Idaho. . Ch. 25^ Feb. 27, 1911. 

Idaho: See A (a). - . -L 

Illihois: Providing for a system of probation for certain 61\ 

Any defendant, adult or juvenile, who has never prevlousli^ >een (^mvlcted 
of any crime oKpiisdemetinor, who has entered n plea of guilty pr been found 
guilty of ce rtji^ln ^mmerate<1 ofTenstvs or niaies, may be releaaetron probation 
upon 8pecifi«®K»ndtMons. Provides for the appointment of probation officers 
and prescribes their'dutles. H. B. No. 1, p. 277, jQn»*lO, I9li. 

Illinois: Amending on aot relating to the treatment, control, and ipalntennncs 
of dependent, neglected, or delinquent children. V 

If the parent or parents of a dependent or neglected child Svh5|| case Is be- 
f»e the Juvenile court; are poor apd unable to-p'roperly care fsTanld child, 
but are otherwise proper guardians and it Is for tlic welfare ofj^uch child to 
remain at home, the court may by order find ^uch facts and fix the amount 
of money necessary to enable the parent or parencs to properly care for mich 
child, and the cou*y board- shall pay to such parent or parents the junouuts 
designated In the order. S. B, No. 403, p. 13^, June ^911. 

Indiana: Relating to children In eleemosynary Institutions. » * 

No child between 6 and 21 shall be received In any ourrocttonal, charitable, 
benevolent, or educational institution or training echopl without a school trans- 
fer issued by the proper school officer. Children In, «uch Institutions shiill be 
sent to school under penalty of fine of $5 to $26 for epch day that any child is 
willfully kept from school during the school term./ Ch. 134, Mar. 4, 1911. 

Io>wa: Amending an act relating to the enticing awsy of children. 

^ If any person shall maliciously, forcibly, or fraudulently take, decoy, or en- 
tice away any child under the age of. 10 yeftrs, with Intent to detain or congeal 
such chOd from Its ii^reots, guardian, or other person or Institution having 
. the custody thereof, he shall be imprisoned in the penitratlary not tndre 

tban^O years or Imprisoned in the cdunty JaU not more than 1 year, or 
fiwl not exceeding ffj(p0a ' Ch. 11, Mar. 23, 19U. 


■'Tr , 


D£PSNDBNT8 A2XD DELIKQXJENTS, 


27 « 


LouIsIuia: Providing fw Uie dlsposlUon, care, and custody of abandoned 
children. 

I 

Only when taken from the’U by violence can pa rents ^reclnlm foundlings 
raised by others In charity. Clnlm for such child must b^ made within six 
months of Its receipt In-an Institution. A child shall be oonBidered ob -'han- 
doned who has been left without assistance in an^ihstltutlon for three year. 
No abandoned child shall be removed from a charitable lustltutloii exce> 
after 10 days’ notice to its parents, If their whereabouts he known. 

- With th^, consent of a charitnWe Institution, under certpin conditlops, a 
child mqiy be given to such Institution by Its parents or surviving parent 

* / Ko. 173. July 6yd9l0. 

Maryland^ Authorizing the National Junior Republic to receive uM retain 
nnh ekercise authority over such white minors as may be lawful ly^mmlt 
theret% 

Gnuits to the said Natl^ml Junior nepublfc all powers an^ privileges 
scribed by the laws of the State with respect to Juvenil^nstltutlou^^nd 
societies. Ch. 732. Apr. 11, 1910, ^ws 1910. 

Maryland: The name of the Children’s Aid Society of jjaltimore cb^ged to 
Henry Watson Children’s Aid Society of Baltimore. 2^wers lncrcn«d. May 
receive commitments of minors. *, / Ch. 86, Apj^. 1912. 

kfassachusetts: Directing the tax 'Commissioner ^report regardj^' the taxa- 
tion of private, charitable, and educational Intuitions. 

Resolvt cb.,60. p. 883,^pr. 10. 1912. 

Massachnsetts: Governor shall appoint cotnltte^f three tf Investigate and 
report upon support of dependent chllMn of wtdoW^ mMera 

Resolves, ch.^, Apr. 27. 19l|2. 

Massachnsetts: Directing the boarA/Sf education to Inj^tlgnt^and report on 
compensation of cities and towit for schooling fnrfshed to Vanda of the 

Resolvei^h. 136, May 1912. 
lid without an a^mey may be represented. 

of the court Jr Ch. 166. Feb. 24. 1912. 

I * ^ 

acts relating to jpipendent, neglected, and delln- 


State or of Boston. 
Massachusetts: A neglected 


by anybody with the consei 
Michigan: Amending cei 
quent children. 

Forbids the confln^ent of 
or place of conflnen^t of erl 
County agents shall be 
of the State boarif of cbarl 


suQb chlld^ In any Jail, lockUp. police station, 
or^rsons accused of crime. 

‘Inted h^the governor on the recommendation 
uud^mrrectloqs, and Buc*h agents shall make 


^ reports to said Jboards. Ui proce^Ings against a dependent, neglected, or 
delinquent chll/ the couV*shalI jfnetend of “‘.may ’'In Acf.No. 164] give the 
county agent OT a probaGon oW^r an opportunity to Investigate. 

The judge /f probra shalL^tlfy the toord of coriectlQDs and charities of 
all apportl^ments^'probn^n officers made by him. No. 262, May 1, 1911. 

Missouri: Requiring enc^^unty containing between 260.000 rfnd 600.000 In- 
habiton^ and bAving ^ftvenile court .(referring to Jackson County. Including 
Kanfey City/ for the partlQl support of poor women whose bus* 
ban^ are ^dend o^^nvlcts when such women are mothers of children under 
14 ^ears V5f nge^ 

’ T^allo^^ce to each of such women shall not exceed $10 n month when ' 
tie Ms child under the age of 14 years, and If she has more than 

chljd nptrf the age of 1.4 years. It shall not exceed the sum of $10 n month 
fw th^Trst child and $6 aiKQutb for each of the other children under the 
k«jFl4 years. , ' | 

■^j«ch allowance idlbll be nude by the Juvenile court and only"^^^ the 
'-Rowing conditions: (1) The*' child or children for whose benefit the allow* 

^ ice Is made must be living with the mother of.snch child or children; (2i 
the all(fwance shall bswnat^e onl> when, in the absence of such aUowinc^ the 


274 ^ 


EDUCAnONAt LEQISLATIOK AED DEOI8ION8. 




regularly away frort her.home and phll- 
wn. and when by means pf such allowance abe will be* able to minain at 
(8) the mother mnst in ^ J^gme^^ the 
”’“'^4; ^ “proper person morally. physlcaUy. and^^S^Iy for the 
r|^^ up of her children : (4) such allovytnoe shall in the Judstuent of the 
“*« ®r <**ren from neg^t • ( ^“o ^r~n 
shall re«he toe benefit of this act who shall not have been' a' resident the 

the m«n“ T*" "PP“«>tlon Is made for at least ^ yelnntn ^f^ 

the making of such application for such allowance:" ^ ^ ‘ hefore 

' ti. B. 620, p. 120, Apr. 7. 1911. 

' I Autoorlzlng cities having 500, 000 inlatUi.auts or more to create a 

t^rd of children's guardians. g. r. 405, p. 340. Apr. 3. 19U. 

Nebraska: Amendlng.law relating to dependent and neglectW children 

N^rasta: Creating a board of control for the care and custody of all the 
depeudeot aud ueglected children in the State 

relating to neglected, Mependeut. or' delinquent 
^ak^sald act n|)ply to ail i>ersons under 18 (w'ab ■“ under 17 ’’ fnr i«nie<.v 

■ officer at $150 ^rmLth and one a^Mant «i 

ovL*^5itt)°^?nh«hi^*',»‘^®^ (instead of authorized) In each county conta?nlng 
over ihifiuO iDhflblhiiits. In counties Ic^s tiomiinna mia' /ira*-a*ietA 4 ^ * 

Monty cotonHssloners shall determine whethe?Xch officer shall 

A ^ ^ month In counties having less than KOrto 

, A proper ollownnce shnil be made for expenses of trnnnt- < 

or judges of the district court of ^ch^Sv sha^ ' 

■ ' oTs.S"a,l,‘'“iSrr° 

^ns applying for custody of any dependent or dclInouX ch^d „ 

s ;£ iTATfs,*' 

to. the so^ff of the proper oountv and shall be iriM ita, - 

In the. original Infonfetinn. hlach county containing over 
16,(X)0X inhabitant, sh^ll pftvlde nnTrnaTnmin aJUle dSon''^^^^^ 

„ . '• • » Ch. 107, Mar. 27. Toil. 

Nwada; Providing edncatlonal facilities for toe chl«r^ tn the State On, bans' 

- ,^me. ’ ■■'■*.' .• 't- 

' loctqdfhi the schooi cens^ of Carson City acllool 

^ nppwpiiPtton of $1,(X)0 shall be made from, tl r 

No,p«on^ll for^ m A*r forin to- a,,^. 

.. , s. I- ^ ^ ^ 








DEFENDSKTB AHB DEUKQITBlfTS. 


276 






Xew Torkr Amending tte general monldpal law In relation to trurta for ald- 
.ing and Inatrnctlng cblldren. 

' norkfkn? and^ilaced upon flie same baais with tmata.for public 

parka and libraries. ch. 163, Apr. 25, mo. 

New York: Providing for the couBtructlon of buUdlngs and Improvemeiita for 
the New York Training School for Boya 

“ «P®'‘ Wghwa.w, water knd sew- 
age ayatems. repairs, etc. . Ch. 526, June 18, lOia 

New York: Amending the State charities law generally. 

.Change relate principally' to the number of members and dutlia of the 
boaria of managers, etc., of Stnte Institutions, and the Internal alTa^of smh 
‘ Agricultural and TdSaWd 

at Mustry and the State Tnilnlng School for Girls certain restrictions relat- 
.. Ing to the classes of children committed have been reeled. The minimum 
i'^fo ^ committed to the reformatories Is reduced from 

io to lo years. ch. 44!). June 9, 1910. 

North Dakota; Relating to the placing of deiiendwit children in family homes 
for adoption and otherwise. 

Forbids any perron or orgauizatlon not authorized by law to so ulaee de- 
p^dmt children and to ^Ive any valuable consideration therefor. ^ fAlmrt 
^ t baby-farming," so called. J ch. 81, Mar 6. 1911. 

Ohio: Providing for th^ppolntmeut of a Joint committee to tboroughly Invee- 
tlgate the- conditions at "he Girls Industrial Home and to suggest legislation 
relating to the management, discipline, and employment of Its Inmates, and 
the advisability of providing means for the sepaijitlon of the more Incor- 
rigible or debased fronf the younger and more Innocent. 

I-aws 1910, p. 452, H. J. Res. No. 20, Apr. 6,. 1910. 
Ohio; Relating to the guardianship and control of lumatea of county children’s- 
homes by^ the trustees of said homes. Such gnardlnushl|) shall contlnne un«l 
said Inmatetf are 18 (Instead of 18) years of age. ' 

H B. No._91, p. 62, Apr. 8, 1911.- 

Ohlo: Provlfng for a . commission to revise, consolidate, and suggest amend-** 
m«iU to the laws, of the State pertaining to Illegitimate,, defective, tiM- 
lected. dependent, and delinqutmt chlldreh, to the end that the ■ statute law 
of the State may be brought Jnto harmony with the best thought oh thU 
aubject., • • ’ 

. , Said commission shall consist of two members to be appolnteil by the aov- ' 

B. No. 469, p. 123, May 18 . 1911. 

Rhode Island; An /tet In amendment of chapter 140 of the 'General IjiwH 
entitled, •• Of provision fbr the support of dfllnquent, neglected, or dependent 
children ” etc. ^ ^ i * 

■ ProtMOon 

complaint uB<ler' the provisions of this chanted 
TOchagMit Shan not be reqnkeff to enter Into any recognliaW fOr^ts. 

shall be p^ by the State. ^ if ch. Mil. Apr 20. 191^ . 

Bhode lsUim: .Establishing curVew twuhittens tor permin minor . V \T 

■*r gie police iSuthoflUes pi aaj city or^srn'may dedgnata. certain Sti^t* aW 

. CQrto.w stoeet.after-8 o*doek ik^m. noteas:;aecttmipa'nlM''by an adult;- * ' . 






i'm y f ; 5n if ■■ >. y p !f 

jBbtfbAaioKi^ ia<H8iJtTO akd d^bions. 


VirglnlA: An aetapravMlng.^or detentl<tt oe conflnement of mlnon 17 

yean of age for certain offenaes, etc. , \ , 

■ gene^l^mlnal JurisdicOon, any Judge tiereof 

police and Justice court may commit to tlje care and 
«? ^^‘y-llfoclatton. or institution approved by the State board 

mi 2 ^ correcBons chartered for the custody; protecUon, or dlstl- 
child under 17 who is charged with' -any felony ex- 
^t «im aM has nerer before been convicted of a /elony or mlsdem^ior 
^ coiyj||ted of petty crime or mlademeanor. or any 

Is Vlcloua persistently truant. Incorrigible, destitute, or 
n^ect^. Such commitment shaU cease when snch chUd shall reach the agb 
“®y with the approval of the board of charities pla« 
such <^dren under contract In suitable fSmlly homes or Institutions. All 

““der tt»e provlsloils this act ah^il not be 
deanecTcflmlnals^ treated as such. ^ ^ 

a No court slmll commit apy such chUd to a Jail, workhouse, police sU- 
tlon, or penlten tlal-y jipless the offense la aggravated or the ends of Justice 
dei^d othmnvlse. TOen no society, association, or reformatory wlU accent 
de^ bMt may make such disposition of commitment as It may 

3. Probation officers may be appointed by societies, aasoclutlona etc with 
the consent of the court 

Juvenile delinquent under the 
. S proUtlon officer for a period not exceeding one year, subject to 
au^ future action as the conduct of the probationer shall Justify. 

6. Pollcemmi or constables In cities or towns may be detail^ as nroha- 
oon omcera ■ ' . . * 

6. Any child un^ 17 charged with an offense embraced in section 1 shall 
have a private hearing or trial In chambers. * 

Tf. R^oral or attempt to remove n child committed under this act shall 
. be pdniabed as contempt of court 

8.. Right of appeal Is not affected by this act " 

9. Societies and assocIaUons receiving children under this act shall hP 

InspecHon of the State board o? ctarltt^ au1 
corrections, and^jumll make reports. 

10. CSogniaance upon complaint and punishment of violations of this act. 

• . ' Cfh. 289, Mar. 10, 1910. 

Vtvslnia; To require inspection and supervision of State board of chqriUes 
and corrections of persona apd corporations placing children in family *bomes ; 

^ aaid board to visit and report upon chUdren place^ln homes; authorising 
/oonrts 'tp commit destitnte and delinquent children to said board, and board 
to' pteoe aaid children in homes or institutions. Ch, 309, Mar. 14, 1912. 

Virginia: Relating to designation of probation officers In incorporated towns 
Police offlcera so deaigimted shall not be 'relieved of ordinary police duties. 

^ . Oh. 322; Mar. 24, 191Z' 


0>) Wrongs .to Chfldfen. 


^Sc" j ' . 1- . ■ . \ 

AJ s^^s wi at AntborUing courts, of county commitoioners to appoint .®nd fix com- 
' pmatlra of officers to enfbrce the provltfons of haw for the imventUm of 

. Act m; p. 112. Mar. 11, 1911. 

fpr'the ptmiBhnvmt of persms golliy of contributory dt- 
/ *pODtaicy ^ ‘ 

sets, cb. June 11, 1612. 


juewnpnik Cqiu^ pnk^ 

B " ' to- proiHd? ■ftw.-hJ* or.'het'' 






I/'JV" J.'. 




277 




1»KF£kDBKTB AHB DSLIKQtTEKTS. 

I . 

% 

ConnecUcat:^ Concefnlng tbe sale of tobacco to minors. . 

Every person who Bhall sell, give, or deliver to any minor under 16 yearw 
of age tobacco In any form shall be fkied not more than $25 for the flist 
offense, and not lera. than $25 nor ihore than $100 for each subsoQuent off en se, 

Ch. 90, June IS, 19U. 

Connecticat: Amending sectibn 1360 of the General Statutes, relating to the 
pptectlon of children from improper amnsenarata Ch. 154, Jiily 13, 1911. 

Kentucky ; ^An act to prdvide for' the pmilabmoit of persons responsible for, 
or directly promoting or contributing to,, the conditions that render a child 
dependent, neglected, or delinquent. . (ModlOes and replaces previou^ aqt) 

7 . - Ch, 76, Mar. 23, ItoO. 

<4jOnislana: Defining the crime of ;kldnaplng and prescribing a penalty therefor. 

Whosoever shall forcibly seize, take, and carry out of this State or from any 
part of this State to another any ;nale child under the age of 14 years or any 
female child un^er the iige of 12 years, from the custody of his or her parent, 
tutor, or pnardinn without authority of law, and all peisous aiding, advising, 
or abetting therein shall be guilty of the crime of kidnaping and on con- 
viction thereof shall suffer death (penalty Increased from 20 vears’ Imprison- 

Act No. 27l‘ July 7, 1910. 

Mmssachnsetts; Prohibiting the use of - solltary-coufluemeht rooms or ceUs In 
juvenile reformatory schools. Ch. 265, Apr. 10, 1911. 

Now York: Relating to the punishment of parents, gnardlana and other per- 
sons for contributing to the delinquency and offenses of children. 

A parent, guardian, or other person having custody of a child actually or 

. apparently under 16 yeays of age who oxh\ts to exercise reasonable diligence 
In the control of such child to prevent sfbh child from becoming guilty of 
Juvenile delinquency as defined by statute, or from becoming a^udged by a 
children’s court In need of the care and protection of the State as defined by 
statute, or who permits such a child to kssociate with vicious. Immoral, or 
criminal persons, or to grow up In Idleness, or to beg or solicit alms, or to 
wander about the streets of any cl^ town> or vllltfge late at night without 
being In any lawful business or'occupat^n, or^to furnish Mtertatomttit for 
gain upon the stress or In any public place, or to be an habitual truant from 
school, or to habitually wander around any railroad yard or Uacks, tb enter 
any house of prostitution or assignation, or auy place where gambling ls*car- 
rted on, or any gambling device is operated, or any policy shop, or to enter 
any place where the morals or snch child may be endangered or depraved or 
may be likely to be impaired, and any such person or any other person who 
knowingly or willfully is responsible for, encourages, aids, causea, or con- 
nives at.^or who knovlngly or willfully does any act or acta to produce, pro- 
mote. Or contribute to . the conditions which cause snch child to be^djud^ 
gull^ of juvenile delinquency, or to be fn need of the care and protection of 
the^State, or do any of the acta hereli^fofe enumerated, shall be guilty of a ' 

, misdemeanor, • > . ■ ^ 

'^e proper magistrate to whom complaint Is made under this act or npon 
Us own Instanw may Issue a summons and Inquire Into the subject matter 
of the charge. Whenever he Is satisfied that there Is sufficient caupe'for the 
warrant to Issnei, he may Issue the same, or Instead of issuing the warrant he 
may adjourn the investigation from time feo.time^for a period aggr«itlMf ' 
not more than one yearand. place the person sumi^tied under the oversight 
of a probaUon bflcer, or may cause Che person summoned to give a bpigirnot 
to eitteed $250, eonUItloned u|K>n the exercise of reasonable diligence to Dievttit 
a continuance or repetition of the condition or conduct of the child wto was ‘ 
tt^ s^al cause of twe ifirsstlgatloo; ^ ^ v - * * 

WheuevefT a person is convicted of iplsdemeanof imd^ thla 
my snspend sentence and placftthe deteidafit «Spn probation for not mm 
n yeor, and may cdnse the;.defei^ht to a ^ 


-4 


A 




BDTTOAJnOKAt XSOIBUItOZIV.AIlI) DECISIONS. 

• \ ■ ' ■ 

by inagtetMteB who are assigned to chUdren’s conrts. 
° York, where the Jurisdiction Is conferred upon the city nagls- 

Ch. 6TO, June 25, 1810. 

Ohio: Amending section 12966 of General Code by making It Illegal to sell 
give, or furnish cigarettes or tobacco In any form to minors undef 18 year^ 
of age, Instead of 16 years of age; and repealing the provision that onehalf 
of fine collected from violation of said section be given to the person furnish- 
ing the Information upon which cohvlctlon resulu. 

I^ws 1910, p. 133, Apr. 25, 1910. 

Ohio: Amending section 12427 ef the General Code by making life Imprison- 
mmtthe penalty for kMuaplng a child under the age of 12 years, Instead of 
imprisonment from 3 to 30 years; but upon .Recommendation of mercy by the 
Jury the Imprisonment may he for a term not lees than 10 years nor more than 
■ W years, and upon a plea of guilty the court may pass either sentence at Ito 
discretion. ^ h. B. No. 26. p. 563, May 17, 1910. 

Ohio: Supplementing sepU'on ;2970 of the General Code, relating to torturing 
and neglecting children by two additional sections, 12970-12971 and 12970- 
.12972; providing for. the payment by the county from which the convicted per- 
son Is sentenced of 40 cents for eacli day he Is so condned, to be expended for 
.maintenance o^ such child or children under.l6 years of age; and providing 
further that the trustee receiving such moneys shall serve without compensa- 
tion, and that the court may require such trustee to give Iwiid for falhful 
performance of duty. s. B. No. 90, p. 233. May 17, 1910. 

Rhode l|Ia]id: An act In nj||pndment of chapter 139 of the General Lows. 
«nttUed “ Of wrongs to chlloren.” . 

”*■ any child under the age of 

^ a^ndon such child or whb shall treat such child 
wrongfully cause or permit such 
. child to be an habitual sufferer for want of food or clothing, proper care or 

or Improper purpose^r who shall compel, cause, or permit such jchlld 
wrongful Bctv or who shall cause or permit the home of 
hb drunken, or dissolute persons, or 

who, bjr rMson of^^Iect, cruelty, drunkenness, or depravity, shall render 
such child a place In which It Is unfit tor snqh child to live, shall 

SS.'SbS 'o?!SS«r J“' «i b.™ b.d 

Oh. 660, Apr. 20, 1910. 

Utah} Prohibiting. any person to sell or give tobacco or opium or other nar- 
cotic in any form to any person under 21 years of age, and prohlblttng any * 
minor frpjn purchasing, accepting, or having in iils posskalon any tobacco, 
0(4^ on narcotic in any form. -ch. 51, Mar. 9, 19 X 1 , 


* U. (c) Juvcinile CourtiL 

of several counties shall hAv exdusjve and original 
n^ttsTs and paropeedlngs affecting, dependmit neglected. 

•--t' 





T7>T^ 


— • r?"-- »■ ".'r'w > ^ ,'f^' 

DEPENDENTS AND DBLINQtl^El^TS. 




m 

Arkansas: ElatablishinE a juveailb court In each of the several counties of the , 
Rtaie nnd defining the Jurisdiction and powers thereof. 

Section 7. If the court . shall find any male child under 17 years of age or 
any female child under the age of 18 years to be dependent or neglected or 
delinquent wlthln*the meaning of this net, theucourt may allow such child to 
remalnrnt Its own home, subject to thO friendly visitation of a probation 
officer, or to report to yie court or probation officer from its home or school at 
such limes as the court may require. And if parent, parents, guardian, or 
custodian consent thereto, or if the court shall further find that the parent, 
parents, guardian, or custodian^ of such child are unfit or improper guardians 
or. are unable or unwilling to care for, protect, train, educate, or 

discipline such child and that It* Is for the Interest of such child and of the 
people of the State that, such child be taken from the custody of its parents, 
custodian, or guardian, the court may make an order appointing ns guardian 
of the person of such child some reputable citizen of good moral character 
and order such guardian to place such child In some suitable family home or 
other suitable place which such guardian may provide for Jfoch child, or the 
court may enter an order committing such child to some suitable State instl- 
^ tutlon organized for the care of dependent or neglected children or to Some 
training or Industrial school or children's home-finding society or to some 
association embracing in Its objects the puri) 08 e of caring for or obtaining 
homes for neglected, dependent, or delinquent children, which asaodatipn 
shall be approved by Uie court. Act 215, p. 106, Apr. 26, '1911. 

Caltfonita; -Amending the “ Jnvenlie court Ijiw, ".approved .MarclfS, 1909. 

* Various minor amendments: Raises from 18 to 21 years the age to .which 

the act is iipplicable; increase's number of probation officers lu each county 
and reduces th^jr salaries; ext^s lowers of Juvenile court Judges. 

Oh. 369, Apr. 6. 1911. 

<la]lfornla: Defining the words “dependent child” In the “Juvenile court 
law,” approved March 8, 1900.^ Ch. 48. Feb. 17, 391T,*' 

Delaware: Providing for a Juvenile court for the city of Wilmington; 

, Creates a special court which shall Dave sole jurffwlictlon In all cases relat- 
ing to children, including Juvenile deHnquents,'tnmnts. neglected. Incorrigible,' 
and dependent children, and all other .capes where the custody and legal pun- 
ishment of children Is in question.* Ch,'262*. Apr. 4. 1911. 

Florida: Regulating thef treatment and cdhtrol q? dependent a^ delinquent 
children. ^ 

Applies to children under 17 years of age: ceuntv Judge made Judge ef 
^ Juvenile court ; provision made for jobation officer In each county ; provisions 
for adoption, putting Into family homes or approved Institutions, etc. ; county 
Judge may require reports from Institution or home having custody of child. 

^ . Ch. 6216s (No. 97). Jnae 6, 19U, 

Georgia: C31erk of the county court shall be jlerk o^the Juvenile court 

Cb. 126, Mar. 18, 1912. 

Ix>ttl8lana; Proposing an amendment to the constitution of Uie Itate relating 
to Juvenile eburta , 

Makes the adoption of the provisions relating to Juvenile courts dependeit 
V upon the action of the pofira Juries of the several perlriieti; in parishes 
\rontelntng cities or towns. Se^ also A6t 'No. 48. Thivameudment a^s ratified 
; by the people November 8, 1910. ' * Act Na 186, July 6, 1910. 












f«ottislaAa: Suspending. Act No. 83, 1908, approved June 80, 1908, t^Ung to 
neglected and delinquent children, except In psriahes wttich.^contAtn 
porated towns of over t,O00Aahnbttaa^ ! ■ 

l||Sd aH iffiqy 1^, adbpjled fc^ aturpatlttlii, jtiy resointto&c^.tb^^^ 

invq&tie eburt^o^ tbe^ag^' of iQi'taia&^apd^^e district couitt 


'Tv -• 


o 

ERIC 




r'.- 


^;.'v 


H0UOA336HjU.^^^t^^ AJTD DB0I6I0NS. 

pii^oal, moral, or mental well-being of chlh 
bard labor. ' • ^ 

MOT^mentoent*preSSJSSi^ by *The*iiald‘»miSSS?.“““ *?« <»“•«»'> 

people OB Novetuber 8. IB^. ™ ““ amendment was ratified by the 


^Idren not punishable by death or 
Act No. 48, June 28, 1910. 


people OB November 8. 

' ^^“**"* “«®« «>* FemfUe- House' bf Befuge to the name 

of the Maryland Industrial School for Girls. 

Laws 1910, B. 803, ch. 302, Apr. 7,’ 1910. 
MarxUiid: Amending the law relating to kidnaping. 

PeMl^ for kidnaping and forcibly or fraudulently carrying any oeraon 
out of the State, Imprisonment for 21 years (Increaw^ frnr7*n io 
Similar penalty protlded for kld^pfi^aTchlld » 1& 

(a. 46, Mar. 31, 1910, Laws 1910, p. 9Z 
BUryUnd: IncreaaUig the powers of Inaglstrates for Juvenile cases. 

Ch. 482. Apr. 8. 1912. 

MsrylMd: Amentog the laws relating fo the probation of vagrant, dependent, 
^vldons chUdren In Baltimore No radical change. Makes law mote 
' • ‘ Ch. 618, Apr. 11. 1912. , 

Mlchlgsn: Relating to proceedings upon petition concerning a deUnouent. 
dependent, or neglected child. * ^ 

rinatead Of Shall] give opportunyy for a preliminary InvesU- 
gdtion hy the county agent or probation officer. ^No. 164, Apr. M 1911 

HelaOng to Juvenile courts In counUes containing a population of 
cxi,uuu or more. 

the prescribed limit and repeals the aenarate 
provlslo^ relating lo counties with n population betwemi 100 000 and iROOon 
«d omits the exception In favor of ci^ntles contalnTnTfll^Ts^'nd^^^ 

/Minor Changes. S. B. 115, p. 177 . Apr. 11, 1911 . 

Mont^: Providing for a Juvenile court procedure, providing for thd^SoInt- 
msnt of probation officers, outlining thelt dntlea and specifying their com- 
pensatlon, defining Juvenile delinquent perwns and a delinquent child, provid- 
ing a lawful method of procedure against Juvenile delinquents, their parents 
and ^ardlans, specifying places for their temporary and permanent detention 

■ tor Umesnd place of trial, 

providing methods and means ts carry the provlslona of this act Into effect, 

. ' C*. 122, Mar. 7, 1911.' 

Nm.Jmey; ^ act relating to Juvenile offenders and. enlarging and defining 
the powers of the court for the trial of Juvenile offenders .md enterglqg the 
.poweta and dntles.pf the State board of children’s gnardla’na- 


;yr ^tol of Juvenile offenders may commit Juvenile delin- 

hy ot thestate board of 4lldren’s iJlnrt ana 

pv,' . parents of a child ao committed are able to maintain the child the 

. .^ If aald delinquents have no means of snoDort nor reieH»k. in,..n. 
^ ^ court shall cider the chSVSe^to^a^ of 

' w^ ie'the lewl wS^t 

" State Mrd ot 


^^-'■ bsW cwBihmafi to laid ooi^' 

nm the ga^laniildl^ , 


!-;^^f?P?**‘Sw;'gn8idlBn-of Itbe pereon of 

. V»i4 dell^nw^hiid. 


^Mll 


i^l 


K.“i 



DSPBKSSNTB AKD DEUKQtTEKIS. 


281 


New Jersejr; A supiileuient to an act establishing a court for the trial of juve- 
nile offenders and defining its duties and powers, approved April 8, 1903. 

^ nf establishment in the respective counties of this State 
hefn«? nn^ lodged against Juvenile defendante 

'■*®0'‘de''' or magistrate In such county shall be 
* 1 ° Juvenile court of said county and all proceedings following 
such eomplalnt and arrest shall be before the said county Juvenile court- 
and all detentions overnight commitments, to await trial of Juvenile defeudl 
Bnl ^ “ said house of detention In such county and not In 

®^^’o“ or TOunty Jail. (Previous provision was that "it shall be 
Juvenfle defendants. Such transfer was 
apparently in the discretion of the Judge.) Ch. 182, Apr. 9. 1910. 

New Jersey; Creating a Juvenile court in each county of the first class and 
deflDing tlie jurisdiction and powers thereof. Ch. 363, Apr, I, 1912. 

New York: Relating to Inferior courts of criminal JurlsdlctloE In the city of 
New York. . 

There shall always be at least one separate part of the court in each 
children’s court for the hearing and disposition of 
involving the trial of children, and each of su^ courts 
tHnV building separate and apart from' one used for the 

miJ Borough of Richmond the children’s court 

that u^ for tte tr!aro“adu^ ‘ 

h«Th« H®?'' "ST 'aw a child Is takeu into custody It shall 

b^e duty of the officer having the child In charge and with all convMilent 
sp^ to take such ch Id to the children’s court, If in session, and. If not, then 
a duly incorporated society for the prevention of cruelty to 
any**^ce*rtatIon*^* unlawful for any such officer to take snch child to 

a*>all hear and adjudicate 
all charges against children of the grade of or under section 2iS6 of^e 

K ^ 1*’'®^ “® misdemeanors and all charges against 

nthA Juvenile delinquency. aS aU 

. "«** Jurl^lctlon now conferred by law, whenever 

01 ‘J*® grade of a misdemeanor, or under 

f®^l '^"a' '®w pdt-mltted to be tried as a misdemeanor the 

*°vH'i® 'a consistent with the 

InterMt-otfthe child and of the State consider the child not as upon trial 
for the rommlsslon of a crime but as a child In need of the care andorotec- 

Sp^h"J? of ®» *0 request, before proceeding v^ 

the child f<jfe,th e offense charged, or at any stage of the trial 
and before COTVlctlon, i^Mpd the trial, and Inquire into' all the facts and 
surround ng clrcumsfanc^^ the case, and if the Justice shall so find, he 
.may in his discretion, In lieu of proceeding with the trial, adjudge the child 
, n®A®.“”.?“^ protection of the State, and thereu^n he shall 
i***®**. ® respite in the manner provided in section 486 of 

the. penal law -1» the cosa of a child not having proper guardianship. 

C3hi. 6M, June 26. 3W0. 

New York: Establishing the court of speclol sesslo^ of the city of Syracuse. 

' A-^.®*’® Blways be a separate part of the-epqrt designated as the chll- 
dr^ s <x)n^ which shall have in the first, instance exclusive Jufisdictim -to 
drtennine all offenm Mmmy|^ t>y children n^ pnniahable by death or 
life ImprlsbAment. The Justice sitting in said court sbail as &r as coniriafunf > 
'mate interast of the child and oflhe sJa «"aidS tte^Sw ^ 

JSL oV Sn *1®* sSC of 7tb“ <lke^ 

.-piptectifin .pt,^tbp atoll proylde fivseparate plIiT 




* ‘ OOA ' ' 

282 EDTJOAnONAL LBGISLAGnON AND DBOISIONS. 

j North Dakota; Providing for n Juvenile court. 

I depepdent. neglected, and, delinquent children under 18 

j . Mall be considered, for the purposes of this act, wards of the State. The 

j district wurts qf the several counties shall have original Jurisdiction in all 

■ cases under this act. Said court shall keep a separate Juvenile record, and 

* may be called the jnvenlle court. As far as possible proceedings shall be held 
In chambers. Said courts may appoint any number of Juvenile officers of 
either mx, to serve without pay, .and to furnish the court such Information 
and assistance as the court may require. After petition, summons, and in- 
vestlgntlon In prescribed form, the cpurt may allow any dependent, neglected, 
or delinquent child to remain In its own home subject to the friendly visita- 
t ons of a juvenile officer, or may commit said child to some suitable institu- 
tion, In Its discretion the court may dismiss the petition filed under this 
act and permit proceedings against a child for crime or misdemeanor. #Any 
child under J8 arrested with or without a warrant shall be taken before the 
^vepllc court instead of before a justice of the pence or^police magistrate. 
The s6id court, under proper conditions, may authorize the legal adoption 
of any child who Is before the cou^'t If the person or persons liable In law 
for the supiwrt of n cl|ild committed to an- institution are able to contribute 
to the support pf such child, the court shall enter an order re 4 inirlng such- 
^ person or ])ersons to pay to said institution a reasonable sum for the malnte- 

Jiance of said child. ch, 177, Mar. 3 „ 1911 . 

Oliio: Defining the Jurisdi(^ion of the juvenile court. 



. H. B. No. 326, p. 42C. June 12. 1911, 
Tennessee; Care of dependent and neglected children. 

, - Defining and regulating the treatAent and control of dependent, neglected! 
'^and delinquent children ; providing for their dlsposltlori, care, education, pro- 
tection, support, maintenance, and punishment; providing^ for their gunrdlan- 
ship and adoption; prescribing the powers and duties of courts with respect 
C-thereto; establishing and providing for the maintenance of juvenile courts 
\a the several counties of^the State; prescribing their jurisdiction and powers 
aM||fe procedure therein; providing for the appointment and pay of proba- 
tion ^cers of such courts and prescribing their duties and powers; provid- 
ing for the separation of children from adults when confined in jails or other 
institutions; providing for the supervision and control of nli corporations, 
socletlesr ami associations receiving children under this act; providing a 
method by which parents shall be required under certain conditions to sup- 
port or to contribute to the support of their neglected, dependent, or delln- 
qi^t children; making it a misdemeanor fbr parents, guardians, dr other 
rMponstble persons to cause, contribute to, or encourage dependency or 
linqnency or neglect of children and fixing the punishment therefor; and - 
providing for the suspension of such punishment under certain conditions, 

* . Ch. 58, July 8. 1911. 

Tennessee; Creating a JpvetUle court for Knox (kmnty and defining Its juris- 
diction, (The city of Kno^ille Is in' Knox County.) 

Ch. 522, iPEivate Acts, July 3, J911. * 

Tqnnesse^; Creating a Juvenile court foiji^e County of Hamilton and defining 
its jurisdiction. (Hamilton (^unty contains tlje city of Clmttanoogn.) 

, I 'Cli. 182, Private Acts, Mar. 28, 

South Carolina: To enlarp^ and define duties and powers of probate court In 


* relation to minors. * 

Prolate court may assqme supervlsipn, care, and clistody' of any child 
; tmdhr 18 wbe la n^ected or ill-treated' or is a persistent truant from school, 
or habitually aModates with criminals or inunoral persona, or . is nowlng up 
Ignoi^nce/aiid idlMeas, or {ji.ilabie to arre^ or has head arrested, etc. 
; - Opart a pr^tldh .e^cer ^without pay to look after ‘child, WAy 

r > . khdblnd-htm bter: to an instftntloti or some reiroonsK 

W^- hi^ s ma(mab1e of edit- 



.i— ■ 





IJPPENDEKIB AISTD DEIJN^^UENTS. 


283 


CUh: Amendinflr certain acts relating to juvenile courts. 

Clerk provid^ for Javenile court in first-class clHes. Jurisdiction of 
juvenile court shall extend to certain offenses by or against children under 
18 (Inrtead of 18 and under). Parents may be required to contribute to sup- 
port of cW dren committed. Provision for Juries In trials of adults of offenses 
against children. Term “ delinquentidiUUd shall not Include Iversons guilty 
pf an offense punishable by death or Imprisonment for life. 

Ch, C 6 , Mar. 9, 1911. 

Utah: Giving the Juvenile court JurlRdlcUon over offenses under the act relat- 
ing to the encouragement of juvenile offenses. Ch. Ri, Mar. 9, 1911. 

I^Tashlngton: Amending sections 3, 7, 10. 13. and 16 of chapter 190. adts of 
1909. relating to the powers of juvenile courts and the care of delinquent 
chHdren. 

In counllee having a population of 30.000 qx more the Judges of the supe- 
rior court nifty designate one of their number to be Judge of the Juvenile court 
County commissioners fix salaries of probation officers and persons In charge 
1 of detention houses. Hearings of juvenile cases sbnll be, held apart from 
J other court proceedings and may be In secret. -Counties having 50,000 popu- 
lation or more inliy maintain a deteullon room or house, 
i . Ch. 56, Mar. 11, 1911 . 


n. (d) Conduct of Children. 

\ebroska: Making It unlnwful for any minor under 18 to smoke cigarettes or 
I to use tobacco In any form. , ch. 181, Apr. 10, 1911. 

|Xev«da: Prohibiting any minor to remain In any saloon. 

Ch. 152. itlar. 22, 1911. 

North Dakota: Prohibiting children under 15 years of age from carrying or 
Using flreanns. ch. 134. Mar. 3, 1911. 


U. (e) Truant, Detention^ Reform Schools,, and Schooto for 
* l)ependents. 

Illinois: Relating to the amount to.be paid by the counties for the tuition, 
maintenance, and care of dependent girls committed to the Industrial 8 <*hooi 
for Girls. 


Amount fixed at $15 per month for e$'ch girl under 18 years of age 

' S. B. 482. p. 609, May 2 fi. 1911. 

IllInDis; Autborfzlng^ school directors and boards of education to establish' 
and maintain clnssw and schools for delinquent children committed by courU 
of competent Jurisdiction, and', providing for the payment from th^Btnte 
treasury of Uie excess cost of malDtalning and operating the said clas^ and v 

schools over* the cost of maintaining and operating elementary achoots for - 
normal children. • . 


Th^excew cost for each pupil shall not excoed |10O each. All classes and.^ 
schools established under this act shall he subject to the sup^Islon of the ' 
sUperinteadMt of public Instruction.. ■ H. B. No. 401* p. June . 

tndiaiuf Concerning comiffitments to Indiana Girls' School. 'r 

‘Scutes form IncorrigiblaglHs over 18 may be 

li^lUmi Wonm rt 






284 


KDUOATIONAL LEGISLATION i\ND DBC1ST0N8. 


Iow»: Anthorlzlng, In Die dis-netloii of tlie court, the conimltBient of elrls to 
My rejtutable Institution for the detention and reformation of wayward and 
fallen girls Instead of to the State Industrial Sclioot. 

of^^47■8e^\le^enrof?be“^^ 

low*: Fixing the minimum monthly allowance for the support of the boys' 
de^rtment of the Suite Industrial school at $6,100 (■Instead of $.’>.r)00) and 

of the girls' department at $3,600 (Instead of $3,000). 

^ Ch. 138, Apr. l.'i. 1911. 

low.: Flx(ng' the ages of children who may be 'wmmitted to the Industrial 

school at 10 to 18, Instead of 9 to 16 . Ch. 136, Apr. 15 , 1911 . 

Kansas: Raising from 16 to 18 years the mdxlmum age of girls who may be 
committed to the State Industrial School for Girls. Ch. 301, Mar. 14, 1911, 

Kentucky: Creating a parental home and school tomralsslon In counties con- 
taining a city of first class (Louisville). 

Seven nlcnibers (two women) appointed by county Judge 
Superintendent appointed nt $2,000. 

Provision for lands, buildings, etc., for care and ninlutenance of denendent 
children committed to It by county Judge or Juvenll^ court 
Judge. Fl^l court may levy tax of 2 cents per $100 for said Institutlou. 

Ch. 106. Mar. 15, 1912. 

Kentucky: Appropriating $37,028.09 to pay debts of reform schools. 

Prohibits officers from exceeding Appropriations in future, 

' Ch. 136, Mar. 19, 1912. 

Maine: Consolidating the nimiagemeiit of the State Juvenile Institutions 
namely, the State School for Ko^s. at South Portland, and the Mnlne'lndus^ 
trial School for GIpl.s. at Ha Howell. 

*4,. aUtS^ns''"' n of “trustees of Juvenile In- 

autuuons. Ch. 160, Mar. 1911. 

Maasachusetto: Establishing a board to be known aa trustees of Massachn- 
setts training schools. . ^ 

AbollshM the b^rds of the Lyman School for Boys; rat Westborough’ the 
State IndusMal School for Girls, at I.tnm:aster; and the Industrial school 'vSt 
h* cr®*tes » central board of control for such Inatltu- ^ 

tlond, to be composed of nine niembera appointed by the governor. 

Ch. 566, June 22, 1911. * 

Minneaoto: Renting to detention homes for dependent, neglected, or delln- 
qiienty^nldrenT » 

J*® Py Juvenile court In any' detention hoine 

or...ophanB home co^ucted by any chnrlUible InsUtutlon where the Inmates - - 

H® usually pursued hr our public whools oud 

irtere apiculture, horticulture, or gardening la studied and carried on by the 
: l^pnateetheroot , . ' Ch. 868, Apr. 2Ci, 1911 . .. 

MUeo^: Incr^ng from 100 to 300 acres the area of land that may be * 
acquired for a'parental school, by any connty containing between 160.000 and 
> 600,000 inhabitants. * . u. ,vw ana 

Aqthorim the conhty court of any rfneh county to condemn land, 
i V;,. L,. V ‘ p.^l38» Apr, 8, 19U. . ^ 

ITS to imo per aiinDt& the amo^tr^pa^bla ^ 



D£P£KDBK^ AND DBLINQUENTg. 


285 




Mimoarl:* Amradlng an act relating to truant or parental BChoola. 

OmftB age limitation of pupils, and also, th^ provision that they shall be 
persons. Such schools may receive children com- 
mitted there^ by any court of competent jurl^lction. For every child so 
commuted board of education malntninlng the school shall receive ilO 
per month from the city or county from which such child was committed 

S. B. 2G3, p. 403, Apr. 3, 1911 

Nebraska;. Making Howard Day, September 2, a legal holiday In all the p»n.i 
and reformatory Inatltutlona of the Slate. Ch. 135. .Mar. 6, 1911. 

New Hampshire; Amepdlng chapter 284, section 14, as amended by chapter 34 
of thp- laws of 190Q, 

. ^1; "'•'ene'er a minor under the age of 17 years shall be con- 

K 11 offense punishable by Imprisonment, otherwise than for life and 

shall be sentenced nccordlngly, the court or Justice, upon application of the 
minor, his friends, or the State’s attorney, may order that, Instead of such/ 
imprisonment, the minor may be sent to mid be kept employed and Instructed 
at the Industrial school for such term, not extending beyond the age of 21 
years, as the court or justice shall judge most for his true Interest and bene- 
.tit provided he shall conduct^imself according to the regulations of the 
school. A copy of such order shall be sufficient authority for his commitment 
and detention at the school.” ch. 155, Apr. 14. 1911. 

\ew Jersey: An act to further amend an act to establish schools of detention, 
approveil March 27, 1906. 

When the number of commitments iu any , county of dependent and delin- 
quent children is not sufficient to justify toe maintenance of a house of deten- 
tion within such county, the board of chosen freeholders may, with the con- 
sent of the.judge of the juvenile court, arrange wlth“ any reputable Incoiw 
rated Institution In^e State for homeless or neglected children for tiSff board 
and care of such children as may be committed by the said judge The said 
children shall be sent regularly to a public district school or to a school main- 
tained by such society. The board of chosen freehqlders of any county may 
purchase lands near such institution wherever It may be located in the State 
and erect and furnish buildings thereon for the care of children committed 
from said county.' Not ,over ^,000 may be ex])euded for such purpose *and 
such amount may be raised by, the sale of bonds or by taxation. 

Ch. 99, Apr. 6, 1910. 

Now Jersey: Providing for the mainteunnce of detention homes for Juvenile 
offenders In cities of the first class. ch. 60, Mar. 21, 1911. 

New Jersey: Counties of first class may establish parental schools for Juvenile 
delinqumit^under 18. Special attention to Industrial training and agriculture. 

FiVb trustees (one woman) appointed by Judge dr Judges of court of 
Common pleas, ^ , 

. Parents may be required to contrfcute to support of Inmates.'^ . . 

Oh, 827, Apr. 1, liflZ 

New York: Amending the State charities law relative to the age of inmates 
committed to the New York State ^Training School for Girls. 

• V . ■ Ch. 486, June 28. 1911. 

New York: An incorrigible child midkbe trsngferred.^from^ one Institution to* 
another better suited to care for ^ “ Ch, lA^ Apr. 6^ 1912.. 

Nort^ Carolina: Bstablisblng a Reforxh and Manual Traiptijjp ter Col- 
ored TouthA . 

*2i contqujja^ State mid. but hot endirm ; 

' ‘ 'o»„pnUl 


■ ,3 '■r ' . 


H3f 









2^6 


EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION AND DECISIONS. 


OWo: Providing that any girl 'comraittod to the Girls’ IndnstrUd Home riuil 
he conveyed thereto by a suitable woman, 

. H. B, No. 8147 p. 303, June 6, 1011. 
Ohio: Providing for the parole of inmates of the Girls' Industrial Home. 

Contemplates , the apiwintmeut or, four discreet women to/ act ns parole 
officers. H. B. No. 229, p. 351, June 13, 1911. 

Oregon: Obnnging the mnuo of the State Reform School, located in Marlpn 
County, to the Oregon State Training School. Ch, 47, Peb. 11, 1011 . 

South Carolina: An act to amend an act to establish an industrial school for 
boys, etc., approved February 24. 1906.^ 

Extends the age limits for admission to the seventeenth birthday pro- 
vides for Uie retention of all Inmates throughout their minority unless 
sooner releas^ by proper authority; provides for the conveyance of boys 
^committed and expense of same. Act 411, Feb. 26, 1910, 

South Carolina: Providing for the custody of destitute, abandoned, or unpro- 
tected childrOT. Act 76, Feb. 14. 1911. 

South Carolina: IndustrinJ school for boys ehaJI be supported by State {in, 
stead of by counties in proportion to number of inmates from each). . 
Vetoed by governor and passed oveij veto. No. 298^ 1912 

Texas: Providing for the employm^t of t cbaplafh foi^tbe State Institution 
for the Training of Juveniles, 

All Inmates shall be required to attend at least one religious service every 
Sunday. The chaplain shall devote his time to the religious *and moral 
training and education of said inmates. Ch. 106, Mar, 26, 1911. 

Utah: Amending law relating to deten^ homes for dependent and delln- " 

• quent children. 

Ext^ids Gie, requirement for the establishoient of such homes to counties 
containing cities of the second class, if recommended by the Juvenile court 
commission. « 

In lieu of teaching the common-school branches at the said detention homes 
the superintendents thereof, wit a the consent of the Juvenile court com- 
mission, may arrange to send the inmates to the nearest public schoola 

Ch. 64, Mar, 0, 1911. 

Utah:. Relating to the board of trustees of the State Industrial *8chool. 

' Said boferd shall ^consist of, the attpmey general, superintendent of pnbUa^ 
instpctlon, and 6ve citizens, nof more than three of the five citizens hemr 
of the samp political party.^ Ca: ^80, "Mur. 9, 1501: 

Vermont; ReSatlng to. commitments to Vermont Industrial School 

Repeals provision for alternative sentences. City and municipal as well as 
county courts may commit persons over 16 to said school, Any person con- 
toed in said school wlm does not obey the regulations thereof ^y be trans- 
ferred the house otjayrection upon written order of governor, 

\ V ^ ^ i 284, Jan. 19, 1011. 

yU)^lnl^ An act t<>i^low^compeiiBatlon to the "Virginia ana Industrial 
School for ^Irls" for caring for girls ^mmitted to Its custody and control ' 
nn^ a cpmmlttnent of a court, Judge, or Justice. Oh. 166, Mhr. 14J I0io. * 

yiitflBla] An act to'estab^sb a fre?i(iublic school bn the grounds of the Negro 
J^^tory Association of Vhrglnla» in Hanover Oonn^, ete.\ ^ 

'^^’ w^sch^ to. be,tor!^b<^ ikuch Ihstttiirton ; apprtipriatea 1600 




X ,r . .. 


BIBUOGRAimy, 


287 


Vlrfl^InU: An act to amei^d an act to provide phtcea of abode and for tUe cus- 
tody and guardianship of vldoua or neglected children, approved MurcU tH 
1908. ^ ^ . 

Provides that such children may not be "placed out" bv cuHtodlal Institu- 
tions, etc., as apprentices t^ any occupation In violation of anv law against 
child labor. Provides that children " placed out *’ shall be visited at least once 
In six months (Instead of three). - ch. IRT. Mar. 14 1010. 

W ont Vlrjtinia: fistabllshlng the West, Virginia Colored Orphiuis’ Koine, nejtr 
Huntington, County of Cabell, providing for the inanagenuMit Uiereof. ,and au- 
thorizing the board of control of the State to purchase? the larm and bufljllugs 
used by the West Virginia Normal Industrial School for Colored Orphans, 

Ch. 24, Keb. 24. 1011. 

Wyoming: Establishing a reform Institution within the State to be kftown 
us "The Wyoming Industrial Institute." Ch. 107, Mar. 1, 1911. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF RECENT EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION.* 


SCHOOL LAW. 

Alan, J. S. I;aw In sthool and State, feducatlou, 30: 509-11, April 1010. . 

Beard, Charles A. -yEdacatlon. lu hit American government and politlce. New 
York, Maqtflllan company, 1010. p. 74B-51. 

^iloykin. James C. Educational legislation In 1911. In U. S. Bureau of eduai- 
tlon. Report of the ^mmlssiouer, 1911. Washington. Oovemnieut prim- 
ing oftlce, 1911. p. 67-113. 

^Educational legislation In 1912. Washington, Government printing office. 
1913. 49r-82 p. (Reprint from the reiwrt of the Commissioner 
edilcatlon for the year ended June 30, 1012) ^ 

Blown, Samuel W. , The secularization of American educiition as shown by 

state legislation, state consUtutlonal provisions, and state Supreme court ^ 
decisions. New York city,* Teachers college, Columbia university, 1012. - 
100 p. 8*. (Teachers college, Columbia university.* Contributions to edu- 
cation, no. 40) * „ 

Bibliography : p. 15IMI0. 

Alafbama. Important school laws. Progressive school journal, 1: 13-14 July 
1911. ' 

- Summary of school legislation. Progressive Qcbool Journal, 1 * 24-25 
April 1911. . ' . . ‘ 

Aiizdna. Bolton, T. L. The schools In the new constitution; Arizona Journal / 
of education, 1: 113-15, December 1910. • r ‘ / 

C^aUfonUa. Wood, Job, Jr, Educational bllla passed by ^he Leglsbilure 

signed by the) Governor. Western journal of education^ 16* 169vfk 
April 1911. ' 

Colorado, New laws. Colorado school Jounial, 26 : 499-92, May 1911. . ' 

— — Ren^gton, W. W. liegislatlODg Colorado school journal, 26: 3^20, 
Marc4 ‘ * • . * > . 

Georgia, Our new ^ool la#t . , Some history and Its meaning. School* 
and home, 8 : 7-8, September 19U. ^ 

— ^ matter with out school laws In Georgia? School and home 

8:7-^ AprU 1911, . g\ 

S. -piir new sAool ddmol'and home* i: 49^12, Jehe^: - 










2bb BD0OATrOJTAL XBQMLATIOK AKD DEOISIOKS. 

* * * 

iidlana. Park, Blchard. Indianans new Bchool lawa American s^ool board 
Journal, 42: 37, June 1913. [ 

,17 Some new school laws. Educator-Jonmal, 11 : 499-500, May 1911. 

Iowa. School legislation [1911] Midland schools. 25: 259-65, May 1911. 

Tuition bill becomes a law. Midland schools, 25; 228. April 3911. 
Kansas. New school lawa Interstate Bchoolman,*9 : 4, 5-6. April 1911 
Maryland., School legislation for 1910. Atlantic educational Journal 6- 350- 
61, May 1910. 

Massachusetts. B„ R. L. Jhe Massachusetts legislature. Review of the 
principal educational acta • • . / Journal of education. 74: 109-00 Au- 
gust 17, 191L ^ 

. Michigan. Educatlonnl bills. MOderator-topics. 31 : 682. VOl. May 4, 11, 1911. 
Montana. School legislation. IntermoUntain educator, 6: 14, April 1911 . 
KebrAska. New school lows. Nebraska f^gier, 13: 606-507, May 191h 
New Jersey. Murray. John P. New JeAey school conditions. Educational 
review, 44 : 397-412, November 1912. 

Shows whit recent leglilfttloD hu done for education coDditioni In the state, eti^ 

[New Jersey educational bill, 1911] Journal of education, 73:556-67 
May 18, 1011. ^ 

Alio in American primary teacher, 29 ; 397-99, June 1911. 


H«w York. Flnegau. Tho»as E. A textbook of New York school law. Inclufi- 
iDg the revised education law, the dwlsions of courts, and the rulings 
and decisions of state superintendents and the commissioner of edugatipn 
7th ed.. rev. to January 1, 1913. Albany, N. Y„ il. Bender & -eompany 
1913. 302 p. 8*. , 

The school law of lOW. School bnlletln, 38 : 180-85, May 1910. • • 

North CftToIiha. Berwick, Allen J. New school legislation. North Carolina 
high school bulletin, 2 : 62-85, April 1911. 

Ohio, aarke^. R, a r«sum6 of the recent school leglaUtlon. Ohio teacher 
30:485-%8, June 1910. 

Educational legislation, 1911. Ohio teacher, 31:342, March 1911. 

Oklahoma, ^ucatlonal bllla oklnhoma school herald. 19: 9-11, March 1911 

School law 5 passed by the third Legislature,* 1911. Oklahoma school 

herald, 19 : 8-13, May 1911. 

• Oregon. New school laws. Oregon teachers' monthly, 16: 426-27 429 431 433 
435-40. 669-61. 563, March. May 1911. ’ ’ ’ . ’ 

Pennsylvania. Old and new school ^codes In contrast Pennsylvania school 
Journal, 66:263-^9, December 1910. 

^ The Pennsylvania school^ code. American school board Journal 43 • 9 
80, July 1911. • * - 


-The proposed new school code of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania school 
jonmal, 68 ; 8-56, July 1010. 

^ Sl^ed by Ooveruor Tener May 18, 19U. 


. • ' Willis, B. F. -The Pennsylvania school code and the planning of ele- 

inentaiy schoolhouses. American school board Journal, 44 * 16-17 48 
60-51, April 1012. . • ; * ' 

South tJarolina. Tate, W, K.* Good educational legislation. Southern school 
[ news, 8 : 9-10, Mardh IfilZ 

V . Teatas. Educational leglalatttm, afid L^dalature. Texas school magastne 14 - 
V-; 24,ApH119li. 


-The new county h)^ school law. 
torch 1911* 



'Texas school mngaxlue, ^3: 8-^, 



BIBUOGBAPH7. 


289 


Texas. Department of education. The rural high school law. Austin,. Tex^ 
Austin printing company. 1911. 16p. 8*. (Bulletin no. % July 1; 1911.) 

Virginian Steames. R. C. New school laws by the last Legislature. Vlrglhla 
Journal of education, 3 : 474-77, May 1910. 

'Washington. Wasbin^on school enactuibnts, 1911. Northwest Journal of edu- 
cation. 22: 21-22. May 1011. ' 

West Virginia. Marsh, J. F. School letrislatiou by the present- T^eglslutnre.. 
IVest Virginia school journal. 39: 9-10, March 1911. 

Imi>ortRnt school legislation. West Virginia school journal, 39; 9-12, 

April 1911. 

Summary of new educational laws. West Virginia^ educator, 5: 6-7, 

March 1911. 

Wisconsin Progrew of educational legi slat ion. 1011. Wisconsin journal of* 
education, 43: SO-Sl.* liO-12, 158-50. March, April, Jun^ 191L 


SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION. , 1 

Ragley, WIDiam C. The Illinois educational comuiifwion. School review. 18: 
067-73. December 1910. 

Bralley. F. M. County .supervision of School^ Texas schobl magazine, 16: 
7-9, February 1013. ^ 

From ciKbteonth blcon'lsl report bf the State anporlnteodont of public In- 
sti^ctlon of Texas. ’ 

Cubberley. ^llwood P. The reorganizatioi^-of the State board of education. 
Sierra educational news. 9: 25-30. January 11)13. 

California. * 

Dutton. Saiiiuel Train and SnedUen. David. The administration of public edu- 
cation -in the United States . . . New York,, The Mncmil^n company, 

^ 1012. X. 614p. 8°. - 

References ’’ at end of chapters. 

IlHnoli*. Educntionnl’conmiiKsloo. Re|>ort to the forty-seventh General at^m- 
^bly of the state of Illinois, llTll. Springfield. III., Illinois state joiffiiar 
^co.. state printers, 1911. 120p. 8®. » 

* F. 0. Blair, cbolrman. 

Jfoore. Ernest C. How Now York city administers Its schools. A construcfiye 
Rtudy. Y'onkers^on-Hudson. N. Y., World book company, 1913. x. 321p. 
12*. (School efficiency series, ed. by P.^H. ^anus, voL'l) 

New Jersey. Legisiamre, Senate. 'Report of Senate committee to investigate 
the methods and practices, expenses and disbursements of the public 
schools, March 1911. Trenton. N. J., MacCrelUsl* A Quigley, state prtnt- 
ere, 1011. C7p. 8*. ^ 

North Da koto. Temporary ediicutionol commission. Report , . . to the gov- 
ernor ttud Legislature of the stote of North Dakota.* [Bismarck] 1913, 
61p. 8* . - , 

Perry, Arthur Cecil. "Outiroes of school admlnlstratlqii. New York, The Macs 
mlllan company, lOlZ 462p. 12*. 

Bibliography ; p. 4S4-4S, ^ 

School boards In ciUea. Penngylvanla school Journal, 09: ISO-^ October 1810. 

' Btatistlcal, ngardlag ctrcalar iatfar addrwwd to OS MlparlnUndHiCs of 
•sdioolfc- • ^ • 

■ •• .. . *- ....-V ' r ^ 



MtrCATIOlTAL LBGI8LATI0H AKD DECISIONS. 

SCHOOL FUNDS, 

Blair. J. K- The malnte.nnce of the common schools. . /„ Conference for edn- 
cation In Texas. Proceedlnga, p. 10-22. 

AIw In Texas school raasaxlne, 13 ; 13-16, Jane lOU). 

^ Pennsylvania school Journal. Cl: 

, 383-87, March 10l3f( 

Davison. J. Taxation for school purposes In Ohio. In Ohio school Improve- 
ment federation. Proceedings, 1911. p. 312-13. 

Ellis, Alston. State support of public schools In Ohio. Ohio teacher 3;i- 
291-94, February 1913. e 

Indiana. Association of city and town ^superintendents. Supplemtmtary re- 
l»rt of Committee on needed school legislation relating to the appor- 
tionment of public school funds, made to the Association . . . November 
4, 1910. Educator-Journal. 11 : 237-dO, January 191P 
CAo^mdn, George L. Roberts. 

Myers, W. A. Relation of the Indlai^a accounting board to public school* In 
National educatlon^assoclatlon. Journal of proceedings and addresses 
1911. p. 1002-6. . 

Schaeffer, fiathon C. Dlaburaement of state mofaey. Pennsylvania school jour- 
nal, 69: 444-46, March 1911, 

■ ^School revenue] Pennsylvania school Journal, Cl : %3T9-S1. March 1913 
Updegraff, Harlan. Study of expenses of city school systems. Washington 
Government printing office, 1912. 96p. 8". (U. S. Bureau of educa- 
catlo^. Bulletin, 1912, no. 6) 

, * 

_ CCBTtFICATION OF TKACH EB6. ^ 

Brittain, M. L. System of certification for Georgia teachers adopted by the 
State board of education. High school quarterly, 1 : 174-78, April 191,1. 
Chandler, A. B. Certification of teachers— new legislation. Virginia- Jouniiil 
of education, 4: 3B8-400, March 1911. 

Georgia. , Department of education. - System of certification for Georgia teach- 
.ers. Atlanta, Ga„ 1918. Up. 16*. 

Kennedy, Joseph. The preparation and certification of teachers in North 

Xiakota. Quarterly Journal of the University of North Dakota 2 •331A39 

July 1912. 

Nebraska. Deportment of public Instruction Employment and certification 
of teachers. Complete rules, 1918. [University Place, Nebr., The Clnflln 
printing co„ 1918] 48p. 16*. 

Wll education, 74 : 294-05. September 21, 

Roberson, C. B. Requirements for a provisional college ^Iflcate under the 
. new code. Pennsylvania school Journal, 60 : 425-28, March 1612. 

Russe^ L E. How to Improve certIflcatlo» of teachers In Pennaylvanla. In 
Pennsylvania state edoAtional aMocIation. Departmmt of county' su* 
j^intendence. ProceMInga, 1910, p. 1^. 
amalley, A. X A new plan of certlflcatlon. Journal of education (Pierre 
‘ 8. D,) l^r9-10, Jumigry 191^ 

BtaodarAlaing mt* cet^cate* Wf^ad aciboola, 26 ; 174 -T 6 , FebThary 1912 , 

! Heaohitloos adopted by tbs stau foperintsodsatis at Topskt, Ksns, 

Itn ^ect Ji^ 9 , 19 U) Tma school joumaL’aS: 
w, TO. April mt v-' 






291 


'• SBIBUO«RAPHT. 

Updegraff, Harlan. Teachers’ certificates Issued under pnerat state laws and 
regulations. Washington. Government printing office, 1911. 2fi9p. 8*. 
(U. S. Bureau of education. Bulletin. 1911. no. 18) * 

Wheelook, Charles F. Function of the state board of education In the licensing 
of teachers. Pennsylvania school Journal, 59: 311-15, January 1911. 

Zeller, John W. The new certification law. Ohio teacher, 30 : 600-507, Jnue 
1910. ♦ 

A 

TEACHEB8' BALABIES, 

•*. V 

Crawford, A. W. Higher education In Pittsburgh: a comparative study of 
salaries. Science, n. s. 32 : 244-46, August 19. 1910 

New York (City) Hoard of education. The question of equal pay for teachers; ' 
action of the Board of education of the city of New York . . . [New 
York] Printed by order of the Board of education, 1910. 106p. 8*. 

Commission on teachers’ salaries. Report to the Board of estimate and 

apportionment . . . October IT. 1910. [New York. M. B. Brown printing 
and binding co., *19101 143p. 8*. 

StrachoD, Grace Charlotte. Equal pay for equal work; the story of the struggle 
for Justino being made by the women teachers of the clt;r of New York. 
New York. B. F. Buck & company, 1910. 570p. 8®. ’ 

Vermont schoolmasters' club. Commlttee^n salaries aud pensions. Report, 
Minimum salaries for teachers. /wR’ermont. Su()erIntendent'of ednca- 
tion.' Report, 1910. Montpelier, VI.? Capitol city %press printers, 1910. 
p. 12C-46. 

TEACHESS* PERBlOffB. 


A « 

Best, Lyman A. Teachers’ retirement funds. Pittsburgh school, bulletin. 4: 
4-23, January 1911. 

Laws to six states and tblrtj cities of the United States, p. 20-21. 


, Binford, J. H. Some facts concerning the retired teachers’ fund. Virginia 
' Journal of education, 4 : 593-95, June 1911. 

^ Borden, J. B. The problem of teachers’ pensions In Wisconsin. Wisconsin Jour- 
nal of education, 43 : 36-37, 64^, February. March 1911. 

Carnegie foundation for the advancement of teachlngn^ Rules for the admission 

• of institutions and for the granting of retiring allowances. New York 
^ city, 1910. 7p. 8*. 

Herrick, Cheesman A, Tochers’ retirement funds. Pennsylvania school Joa^" 
nat, 59: 305-308, January 1911. 

“v. Indiana. Laws, statute etc. A bill for ^ act to provide fer an Indiana state 
teachers’ disability* and retirgi^nt law; from the report of. the Joint 
committee ... 7 Rev. rfnd reprinted. November 1, 19lS. n. p. 1910 

12p. 8* 

Joues, E. A, A state wide pension system. Ohio educational mohthly, 69* 

* ‘ 817-24, July 1010. , 

Kansas ci^> Ma Teacherk’ pension cdmmlttee. Report on teachers^ penaloDa 
Missouri school Jou^l, 27 : 863-04, August 1910. 

Massachusetts Board of edncatiou. ; Special report on teachers* retirement 
allowances . . . [Boston? 191S^ 48p. 8*. ( [General court, .1918] 

Hou^ [doc.] no. 192e> -r: * v 


New Jersey eta te teachers* assodatkm. Report otredrement fund department, 
i /n ifs Aanual report and procii^fflt%^ 103^^ 



^292 


EDUPATIOWAL LBOIBLAHOS; AUD DECISIONS. 


[Or^on] Retirement fond [l«w] Oregon teachers monthly, 15: 560^1, 63, May 
1911. 

Teachers’ pension inws In the United States nnd Europe. (Washington Govern- 

nient printing office. 1911] 53p. 8°. (61st Cong., 3d sess., Senat^doc. 

823) . , 

DaU preaented by Senator Galllngcr. Ordered to be printed February 17, I9ii. 

^ Thompson, W. O. Itetlrinp aUpwnuces. Journal of education, 75; 121-22 Feb- 
ruarj^ 1, 1912. ’ 

.^rKiiments in favor of retiring a I Iowan res for the Ohio state univerwity. 
United States. Congress. «eim^fe. Committee on the District of Columbia. 
rubIIc-w;iiool teachers* retirement fund . . . Report. [Washington Cov^ 
eniment printing office, 1911J 6i). 8“. (dlsfCong., 3d soss. ^Senate 

Kept. 1215.) 

[Wisconsin] Teacher’s pensions 4 reality In Wiw'onsin . . . The luw in fall. 
Wisconsin joumul of education, 43: KJO-Oi, June 1911. 

j ■ 

VOCATIONAL EDUCATION.* 

Davis. Benjiimla M. State departiiicnt of education nnd stnte legislation. 7n . 
?tis Agriculturn) ediication in the public schools. Chicago, University of 
Chicago irress, 1912. p. 19-26. 

Summary of stnte legislation imd of .work of state’ departments of edu- 
cation for 1910-1911, in his Agricultural education In "tfie public schools. 
Chicago, University of Chicago ppes.s, 1912. p. 27-37. 

Elliott,. Edward C. Industrial etluciitlon. Summary of l^sliftlon concerning 
. Industrial education In public elementary nnd secoudnry schools (In the 

United States] [New York, 1910] 16p. 8°. (American nssoclatlou foi’ 

labor legislation. Legislative review, no. 2) 

and Prosser, C. A. I^glslaUon upon Industrlul education in the United 
States: prepared for the American association of labor legislation nnd 
the Nutiounl society for the promotion oj Industrial education 1910. 76p. 

8 . (National society for the promotion of ludustrlal education. Buil»^ 
tin, nb. 12) . - . 

Leavitt, F, M. Federal aid for vocational secondary education. School review 
^ 19: 6W-96, December 1911. 

^Wosser, C. A. Vocational education: legislation of 1910-1911. Amertcan polit- 
ical science review, 6: 586-05, November 1912. 

Slmpklna, U, .K, Legislation for the last three years on vocational education. 
School review. 20: 407-16, June 1912. 

OOMPUrSOBT ATTENDANCE AND CHIU) LABOB. 


Ohio’s child labor relief law. Survey, 23:f081-82, March 26, 






Olopper, E. N. 

1910. • 

Blght-honr day for children. Journal of education, 74 : 354. October 6. 1911. 

BUtri Mtabllsbing the clght-bour law, and atates reducing the work houn. 
Qiind, C„ fr. Child labor legialation in Maaaachusetta. Anunls of the American 
academy ot political and aoclal science, 86 : 7-12, March 1910. 

Haney, John D. Digest of the compulaaUf education laws of the several slatea. 
. JnM* Regletratlon of city school children. New York city, Teachers col- 
lege, Columbia unlveralty, 1910. p. 81-66. (Teachers coUege, ColuinblB 
S uhlrerslty. C^tflbuttosa to educatioih no. 80) 

9<^ls, 3. ,P. CWJd tobor leglslatlob hf the C^rollnaa . AiuUla of tha Ami, i-]>gn 
V itf jMal s^ 

' 'Y * '.v.v: ‘ ~ ' " ' ■ 




i 


, BIBI-rOORAPHY. 


293 


Indiana's new child labor law. Snrvey, 26: d-10. April 1, 1911. ♦ 

'l»vejoy, 6wen R. Better child labor laws. Survey, 26 : 773-78. September 2, 
1911. 

Important letdBlatlre cliangea, BeHslona 1010-1911, p. 776-77. \ 

Year's progress Inl ehlld labor legislation. Survey, 24: 570-72, July 2, 

1910. 

Mangold, George B. Child labor legislation, hi hU Child problems. New 
York. Mncmllbin oomimny. 1910. p. 201-17. 

Morrison. H. C. Knforceuient of child lal^r Inw.s in New Hnnipsb^e. Aimnls 
of the American academy of j>olItical and social science. 35: 10^10. March 
' 1910. 

Simkins, J. D. Compulsory school lawk. Ohio educational monthly. 59: 3^k>^l, 
July 1910. . 

Uultetl States. Bureau of education. Compulsory education nml child labor 
laws. 7n its Report of the Comhiissioner. 3910. Washington. Oovem- 
inent'prlntlng office,’* 1910. p. 148-W. 

Watson, E. J. Enforcement of child labor Intvs in South Carolina. :\^nls of 
the American academy of iwIHicnl and social acdence. 35; !>0-lO?^farch 
1910. 

Willingham, J. Local taxation and compulsory school attendance. In Ala- 
bama educational nssocjatlon. Proceedings, 1912. p. 101-106. 


HEALTH PROVISIONS. 

Ayres, Leonard P., comp. Medical Inspection legislation. New York city, Rus- 
sell Sage foundation. Dept of child hygiene [1911] 53p. 8“. (IRushoH 
Sage foundation. Dept of . child hygiene. PainplOctl Health, educa- 
tion, recreation, no. 90) 

Carrlgnn. Thomas- Charles. The law and the American child. Pedagogical 
seminary, 18: 121-S3, June 1911. 

Bibliography; p. 181-83. 

MofUcal Inapectlon of BCboola ; I. 41 W 8 , p. 145-60. • 

Cooper. Frank Irving. [Chart showing status of regulation of schoolhouse con- 
struction In the United States In l9l0 and 1912] American school board 
journal. 44 : 2, 45: 38, April 3911, December 1912. ^ 

Gulick. Luther Halsey and Ayres. Ijeonard Porter. Mwlicjil Insi^ection nf 
schools. [4th ed., rev. and reprinted. Januany 1913] New York, Survey 
associates etc., 1913. 224p. lUus. 8*. f 

Bibliography : p. 203-206. 

Legal provlBlona, p. 165-^0. 



■ f. 


INDEX. 



Academies, Ky., lliO ; Mass.. 210; N.' U., 
N. J.. 220. 

Accouc^lag, uniform aystem, State insti- 
tutions. Arlz.. 241. 

Age, scliool. Mass,, 170. 

Agricultural colleges, 247-251. See alao 
urutrr narnett of States. 

Agricultural education, 14, 203-204, 225. 
230-236, 244, See also under names of 
Suites. 

Agrtrnitiirai extension, Del., 244. 
Agriculture, elementary, added to electives 
in ciamlnntlons for high school teach- 
ers, Ohio, 129. 

Agriculture, Instruction, F>a.. Mass.. Minn., 
201 ; Neb., N. Y., Vn., 202 : Wyo.. 203. 
Alabama, agricultural education. 213. 225. 
230 ; appropriations for public schools, 
72; child labor, 171; county boards of 
education. .S2j county high schoola, State 
aid, 91-02; oounty superintendents, 79; 
deaf and blind, schools. 272; domestic 
science, tenching. 225 : educational corpo- 
rations, 2.56-257 ; , farmers' Institutes, 
213; Indnstria) school for white boys, 
271; public school libraries. 265-266; 
quollOcatlons of teachers. 120; reform 
Hchoo), JuVenlle negro lawbreokera, 271 ; 
school ntteDdnnce, 102-X63 ; school build- 
ings, 114* school funds, 32; school holi- 
days, 104; school lands, aelllng. 7.3; 
State department of education, 24 : State 
norma) achools, 154 ; teachers' Institutes. 
lOO-lOl ; trade schools, 2.37 ; training of 
nurses, 2.52 : wrongs to children. 276. 
Alabama. University pf.. appropriations, 
243. 

Alabama Girls' Technical Institute, appro* 
prlstlon, 2.52, 

Alabama Polytechnic Institute, appropria- 
tions. 247. 

Alcoholism nnd narcotics, N. Mex.. 200. 
Allens, adult and minor, classes for, N. Y., 
, 205, 

Anderson College, S. C., Incorporated, 250, 
Appropriations, public schools. See Ft- 
nance and support. State, 

Arbor Day. Idaho, 13. 

Architecture, practice. La.. 263. 

Arizona, bonded Indehtedneas, acbooU, 94 > 
compulsory school attendance. 160 ; 
county school tax, 80-81 : county super- 
iDtendentB.' 32; dependents and delln- 
ouentSi 272 ; employment of teachers. 
13.3 ; employmeqt of women and minors, 
171-172 : high schools, 214 r luvenlle 

courts, 2T8 ; manual training. 201 ; mili- 
tary organisations, schools, 243 ; music 
And drawing, Instruction. 200 ; official 
Donds for State officers, 24 ’ public sshool 
libraries. 266; public school system, gen- 
eral and uniform.- 0-it ; school district 
bond election. 68 ; schools fotr the blind, 
. '269; State -normal schools. 164; State 
'school tax. 80; ^rstem or scconntlng. 
State InsUtuttOAs. 241 ; teachers* ^n- 
' •looa.fJ'^; textbodks. 194-106; droca- 
* tjlbai edncatloA. 226; wrongs to chU* 
dren. 276. . 

Arlsooa. University ot funds for^technitml 
ediuSton. 24h S^vefnment 248; mOl* 




Arkansas, agricultural education, 2,30; as- 
sistant deputy superintendent, 24 ; con- 
solidation of school districts, 03; cor- 
poral punishment, 187; dependents and^ffi 
dollnquents, 272 ; educatlounl cnrpnrn- 
tlons, 257 ; juvenile courts, 279 ; lihrnrloB. 

259 ; prohibition districts, 1 19 ; school 
directors, 41 ; school districts, 40, 5!>. 

63 ; school holidays, 105 ; secretaries of 
school boards, *40; State high gchool 
board, 24 ; teachers’ contracts, 1.33 ; 
teachers’ Institutes, ifll. 

.Irkansas, Pclverslty of, medical depart- 
ment, 2.52; selection of treasurer, 243. 

Art aKSOcIatloD, admMsion of school chil- 
dren and teocberK, Ind., 42. 

Art comm^lous, cities, WIs., 57-58. 

Attendance, compulsory school, l.X 18-19. 

22, 50. 102-185. See also under names 
of States,* 

B. 

Beouests to schools, 93-94. 

Bibliography, 287-203. 

Blind, schools, 260-270. See also under, 
names uf States. 

Boards of edhcntlon, bonds of treasurers, 
Ohio, 55 ; citK's and towns, secretaries. 
Ark., 40 ; high school, powers and duties, 

N. Dak., 30; Irregularly elected. III., 41 : 
liability for contracts, W. Va., 67 : 
pariah, electing printer. Ln., 40; jpuhlb 
cation of pcoceecllngs, N, Mex., 49; re- 
ports of financial tranRHCtlons, N. C,. 
u6 township, dlscontlmmnco, ind., 66; 
towmship sclitM)! dlstrlctH, orgaulzatlon, 
Ohio, 55. Bee also Directors, school. 

Boards of education (city). appolnfB|^^f 
members. N. J., 48-49^ borrowlng^W^ 
on bonds, Nebr.; 48; duties of clerks, 
tUab, 56; election and term of office. N. 
.Mex.. 49 ; fining employees, ^ Y. City. 

,74 ; powers and duties, Cal., 3,3. Oa.,. 4i, 
Kans.. 43. I^.. 44-45, Me., 46, N. Y. 
City, 60, N. Dak, 19. 

Boarda of education (county), appointing 
members. N. C., 37 : disbursements, Ky„ 

35 ; powers and duties, Ala.. 82. Qa., 83. • 
Ky., 34. Ore., 38 ; president, failure to 
qualify. W. Va.. 67 ; salaries. Minn., 36. 

Boards of education (district), compebs^- 
tion and expenses, Minn,, 47; employ* ■ 
ment of lecturers, wl% 67 : forbidden In- * 
tereat In school eoDtrdbts, Mich., 93: pay 
of clerks, .Va., 67 ; suits against; N. Y„ 

64. ' 

Boards of education (State), 24-82: ap- 
pointment of members, Masa^ 26, l^nn.. 

21 : contingent fund, Ala., 24*b .powers 
and duties. Aril.. 6. Del., 24-26, Idaho; ^ 
11, 6owa, 26, Nev., 16, N. J., 27-29; 

«OUa., 31, Utah, 32 ; term of office, R. 1., 

31, 8. r., 32. . . 

Boards of education. State, dlstnct, paro- 
chial, and fmmldpal, term Jot office, ■ La., 

46. 


Bonds and Indebtedness (schoola), county, 
dtitrict, and mnnidpal, 12, 19, -6^ 6^ , 
> -61, 94-1Q8. Bee oUe «a«er aomea of- 
■ Bietes.’ : • ' . . ' • 

B.- 1, 



296 


immx. 




bonds, 100. 

Buildings (school), Penn., 20-21: used as 
cmc and aocUl centers, Ky., 110, Mass., 

BoIWings, SUte educational. III., 13; N. T., 

Buildings and sites (school), decoration 
and sanitation. 115-119; general Infor- 
108-114: prohibition districts, 
IJO ; State aid. 114: United States flog 
and Bcboola, 110—125. Sec <il$o under 
names of States, 


California, agricultural education. 230; 
board of cugtation, city and county of 
Ban Francisco. 33: child labor, 172: col- 
leges and seminaries of learning, incorpo- 
ration, ^7 : consolidation of school dis- 
tricts, 105 ; conventions of district trus- 
tees, 41 ; county superintendents, 32 ; 
demands against school districts, 94 ; de- 
* pendents and delinquents, 272; farmers’ 
Institutes, 24,4 : -health Instruction. 190; 
high schools. 214; IndustrlflT education, 
201 : Instruction In Spanish, German, 
and Italian, 204; Juvenile courts. 279; 
" libraries, 250 ; private and endowed 
higher Institutions, 254 : public-school 
- librnfles. 200 : school bonds. 05 ; school 
census, 104 : school districts. 04 ; school 
funds, 79, 83-84; school lands, 41, 73; 
school trustees, 41 ; schoolhouses, jlsd of 
' for Bodal and civic purposes, 41 : State 
oormnl schools, 154 ; State university 
fund, 243; teachers* contracts, 133-134; 
teachers* Institutes. lOi ; teachers' peu- 
. slons, 137 : teachers’ salaries. 130 ; vttccl- 
\ nation of school cbildrbn, 189. 

California. University of, law school, 252. 
Carnegie fund, and State universities, 246- 
247. 

. 'Census, school. Cal., Colo., Fla.. Mont., N. 
Dak., Va., 104, 

Census marshals, Nev., 17. 

Certificates (teachers), elementary and oec- 
ondary schooUrT' 3.1$0~i:t3 : Idaho 12 ; 

Nev., 10; new ayatem, N, Dak., 19: Pa., 
22 . 

Charleston, W, Va., Independent school dis- 
trict, 72. 

Child labor. 13^71-185. See also under 
names of 

condtfiS? Nebr.. Nev., N. Dak., 
283 ; wrongs to. 276-278. 

Cities, taxation for schools, 103-107. 

City boards of education. Sec Boards of 
education, city. « 

Civic centers, use of school buildings, Kahs., 
^110; Mass.. llO; Mo., 110. 

Civics, Instruction, N. Mex., 198. 

Civil commlsrfloo, powers and duties, 

Classification, plan, 0-8. 

Cleason College, 8. C., professorships, 240; 

work, 260, , 

College frktemltlea. see Fraternities, col- 
• * 

CoUegee and unlvcraltles, ' State, 241 - 247 : 
teacDera' diplomas. 18^188. 

“Ki^l^uitnral education,^ 280 ; 
chna labor, 172; condemnation of pri- 
vate property for public purposes, 02; 
dependmts and (lellnquents. 272; educa- 
tion of the blind, 260; financial state- 
*»ent, school districts,. 02 ; physics! ex- 
amination of children. 100 ; Quallflca- 
Ii2?f school census, 

164 ; tchwl elections, 00 ; school fund, 
**<*«)1 lands, 


ichdola, 161 ; 


I i- ,l*H®“***. Oormai 

transportation of pupils 


to achooCieft, - ^ 

2^^***' ■ *^*^*^ oli Appropriations. 

•mptojiment 


Commerw and finance, sci^l. Mass 2.53 
Commissioners of educatl/t duties, N. Y.* 
o^offlee, W^rtown, N. Y.,*n0 
^ ^ vacancies In board, 

mitland, Vt., 57: State, removal. N. Y., 

Commlttpes (school), powers and duties. 

K. i.. 50 : Cambridge, Wc.. 47; reducing 
Prtii,”.!” of •metnlwrM. Newton, Me.. 4^ 
Compulsory school attendance. Sec Atten 
ance, cumpulsory srliool 
Connectinit, chiirl inimr. 172-lf3- deaf 

tranapo'rtatlon !Jrc"hndroD‘’fo"ch™": 
Consoildntlon of schools. Ark., 63 ; Cal 64 
Kan's 

Kans.. 0.> Minn. 01-09: Nebr, 09; 

^ *«- ,.• : S. (1 . 107 * S Dak 

'rli " Sec also 

Coat BChool. 

^^^7^24l'^° - '**'^””*®* -37 : Wls.. 

Contracts, tenchers, 1^3-154. 

(orpornl punishment. Ark.. Mass. Mn rs7 

s.^nLil***®!*®!*^"****®^^ schools. See 
”^**‘*1®“*" schools. COUHty 

^ ment/l,a.*"46 ‘'"‘‘“ctlon nnd punlah- 

f-f'l.^o’od cbildren. IndlRom, hnapital. Kla., 

n. 

*|y-^tmouth College, N. II., approprlaUon. 

Deaf and dumb, schools. 208-209 
also under names of Sfafrn, 

^TOrafon of school buildings. 115-119 
Defective classes education. Sec Special 
classes, education. • 

Degrees, academic, N. .1.^2; Mass., 241, 

«,**'*» schools. 

279; libraries, 269 ; 
Hcbool fund. 84: 
school tax. 81;. Rtatc board of education 
dptles. 24-25; State SrmJi 
penslona. 137. 

V asrlculturaJ extension. 

^ 244 : chair of historv, 241 
nquent children. Idaho. l;l. 

28?***°^* *nd dependents, welfare, ^gl- 

Dental clinics, schools, N. J.. 191. « 

^^pIoyMrN.^Y.,*‘5a^ locations of era- 
D^ndgnl* children, achools, 2a3-287 
^1? *!®**?<iuentt, welfare,_271- 

287. See also under names Of States. 
^trolt, school district, 00-67. 

Diplomas (teachers), normal school,*' college 
atid university, 132-133 
Directors (achool), city boards, Wls., 58; 

money from school 
Ark., 41 : election and duties, 
ia? ^plovmant of teachers. Mo., 
sS : ^ Oreg., 5^, Pa.. '• 

offlee^pi.!"21.*^*’ ^ 

A *®7-1M; ffdnernl infor- 
^tlon, 1A6-187; school fraternities, 188. 
Bee olio under names of statee. 
pisses, prevention,. I^o, 18; N. Ptk., 

xAool. ab^hdonment, ind„ 42^3. 
Diitrfct: tehateeiL conveotlo^ 

powers aijd • t 






7 ^ 


IKDRX, 


Dtitrict*. prohibition. Ark.. Ky.. Md., N. Y.. 

R. I.. 8. C., T<m., 110. 

Districts ( school ) , Action aff&lnst, S. C., 
66; alterlDK an4 formins, Wis.. 32; an- 
nexation oNterrltory. Cal,, 64 ; ^pro- 
prhittona.Mlnn.-t 87; authority of omcers. 
Wash., 67; bond elections, Arlz., 68; 
boundnry lines, Kans., 66, Ky., 66, Minn., 
Mo.. 69, Wis., 72. Tex., ,10; claim of 
clerk,* Mont., 48 ; consolidation. Ark., 62, 
Minn., 67-60; county, dissolution. S. C., 
70; county, first class, Utak, 39; 
county line, Tex.. 71 ; creation and 
modlflcatlon, Utah, 72; dlvl don of 
moneys, etc., Minn.. 60 : financial state- 
. ment, Colo., 92 : formation, COnn.,- 04. 
Nev„ 17 : high school, liability for In* 
debtcdnesa, s. C.. 70 ; Independent. 
Idaho, 13, W. Vft.. 72. WIs.. 72; finance 
and support, 93-95: Instruction of pupils 
. In an adjoining district, Minn., 60; legal 
organization, Nehr., 48 ; manner of hold- 
% log elections. Ark., 59; ntiming. R. Dak., 
71 : organization. 111., 04-05. Mont., 09, 
Tex., 71; organization Of township, 66; 
Pa., 23 ; power of legislature to create, 
etc., Ark.. 62-04; powers.' Ark., 40, 03; 
primary, changing of boun^rles' Oreg., 
70; reestahlishlng boundary*lno.H, Kans.. 
M; responsibility of officers, 58; special. 
N. Doh., 70., N. H„ 70 ; special tax. 
N. C., 70; suits against, Tex.. 50; State 
and county aid, Kans.. 85-80; taxation 
(8ce Taxation, schools) ; racancies in 
office, 8. Dak., 66 : validity of organiza- 
tion. Utah.. 56' village, Ohio, 70; war- 
rants, Waah., 40. 

Division superintendent of schools, salary, 
Va., 40. 

Domestic science, Inatructlon, .Via., 225; 
Arlz.. 201 : La.. 201. 

Donations to scnopis. £fee Rfxiuests to 
schools. 

Drawing, instruction. Arlz., Miss, 200. 
Drinking cups, nse of common, forbidden. 
Conn., 188-80: 111.. Kans.;* Md., Mass., 
N. H., N. J.. 189. V 

Due West Female College, S. C., name 
changed. 256., 


Educational commissions, Mont.. 26 : N. 
Dak., 30. 

Elections, school, Arlz., 58; Colo., 59; Oa.. 
69; III., 50; Kans., 60: Ky.. 00; La.. 
60-01 : Tex., 63 ; Mich., 61 ; Minn., 01 ; 
Mo., 61 : N. Y., 02: N. Dak., 02; Okla.. 
62: a. C., 62-63; 8. Dak., 62; Wash., 
63 : W Va., 63. 

Elementary education (administrative con- 
trol aud supervision), administrative 
units, 63-72 (See also Districts; Town- 
ships: etc.): county hoards and officers, 
32-40 : district, township, and municlpnl 
boards and officers, 40-68; general, 9- 
24 1 school meetings, 08-03 ; Btate boards 
and officers, 24-32. 

Elementarv education, special State aid, 
83-91, See also under names of States. 
Elementary schools, 'teachera, 120-132, 
Ethics, teaching, Del., 111., 200. 

Evening scb0b|s. Ind„ Md., 206-206; Maas.. 
Oreg., 206, 

Examinations, eighth grade. Idaho. 13. 
Examinations, teachers, elementary and- 
■■ secondar.v schoolaJ 126-138. x 

Expenditures, school, Ind., 42. ' ^ 

Explanatory note, 6. ' 


Farmers’, instltutea, Abu, IMd ; Cal„ ^4 ; 

Idu. Ud., 218. ■ i . WT. . 

Farms, demonitratlon; & 208>-204. 

fiMle^mt^ed* educatUm. 270^71/ 



Finance and support (coanty, district and 
jnunlcipnl), general, 92-94; local bonds 
and Inaebtcdness, 94—103; ImbI taxadou 
for school pur poses . 103-107. Bee also 
under names ofWS^ies. 

Finance and suppe^rtBtate), general, 72- 
73 : general apportionment of scnool 
funds, and special State aid for elemen- 

f tary education, 83-01 : prrmLneDt school 
funds, 70—83 ; sneclal uld for secondary 
education. 91-02; «cho(3l lands. 73-78 ; 
taxation for school purposes, 80-83. See 
also um$er names of States. 

“ Financla-1 officer,’* term defined. N. J., 49. 

Fire drills. Iowa, 187-1S8; ,MIrh., 188; 
Mont.. 205; N. V., 188; Pa.. 20U ; U. I., 
188. ■ * 

Fire escapes, school buildings, low's, 108; 
Kana.. 108: ?4d., 189; Mich., 110. 

First aid to the InJurtHl. instruction, Mass., 
205. 

Flag, X'nlted States, and public schools, 
119-125. 

Flag day, MaRS,,0CO3. 

Florida, certification of teochors, 132; de- 
pendents and delinquents. 272 : higher 
education. 241 ; hospital for indigent 
crippled children. 270: Juvenile courts, 
279 : libraries, 259-200 ; school bonds, 
05; school census, 164; school bnlldaya, 
165 ; school lands. 73 ; State textbook 
commission, 195; State university, law 
school, 244 ; tcacbera* summer training 
schools, 161, 

Forestry, instruction, N. Y., 254, 

Fraternities, college, ' Oreok tetter, Mlsa., 
245; school. Cal.. Mich., 188. 

Funds, school. 79-.S0, 83-91 ; Ala., 32 ; 
Idaho. 12; Ind., 14, 33; Kans,, 25; Ky„ 
3.5: Mich., 93; Nev„ 17-18; Ohio. 65; 
Qkla., 56 ; Pa., 24,' £lcc also I^uance and 
sypport ; Taxation. 

6* 

Oeorcin. agricultural ^ucatlon, 230 ; appro- 
prlutlous for public achools, 72; ^ard 
of education, Cnrtersvllle, 41 ; child 
labor, 173; contracts for education. 

^ 163; county boards •& education, 33; 
county school commlssIoneriL 33 j high 
schools, 214-215 ; juvenile ^nrts, 270; 
medical education, 252 : school bonds, 
95 ; R^ioot buildings. 108 ; achool dis- 
cipline, 180; school districts. 64; school 
elections, 69: school tnxAf. 103;. State 
norniat schoolR, 166; Stale school offi- 
cers. 25; teachers’ salaries, i:tG; treka* 
urers In local tax dtatrlcts, bonds, 41. 

Oeorgin, Medical College of, branch of 
State University, 252. 

Georgia, UnlverKlty of, appropriation, 242; 
1>oard of tnmte^, 2^, 

Georgia School of Technology, sttidenta, 
2.52-253, 

Georgia State Sanitarium, training school 
for nurses, 252. 

Grade supervlsoKi, See Snpervlaors,, grade. 

Greek letter ' fraternltlm. Miss,, 246, 

Grouuds, school, Pa., 20-21. 


Uawall, public schools, maintenance, 11 ; 
teachers with tuberculosis forbidden in 
schools. 134. 

Health regulations, schools, '186-103. 

Heating nppamtiis, contract for school- 
hoiises. N. J. 40. 

High school board, State, powers and 
dntles, N. Dak., 36. ► 

High school Inspection, Ohio, 224, 

Hljfh schools. Id, 22-28, 38, 9l--02,‘ 120- - 
1S2, 214-224, Ber^also Academies; Bee- ^ 
^dary education ; and under, names at ' 
Btotes. • ' . • ' 

Higher educational Inatlttitltma, 241-24Y, 
-Kee stfo CoU^i^^ add uAhrersitlesi 
. Mdjssea Qf BUsi^ 



m 


IKDfit. 


HUtory, Instruction, Me^, K. »Mez., 198. 
Holidays, school. Ala., 164 ; Ark., ns., Ky.. 

La., Mass., Miss., N. Mei., Ohio, R. 1., 
^ W. Va., 165. 

Uotisos of Ill-fame, location near schools 
forbidden, Nev., 18. 

- Hialene, school, 22, 188*-193. Bee aUo 
Medical Inspection of schools, 

• ^ . 1 . « 

Idaho, deaf and blind, achoola, 268; delirt- 

§ u<mt school taxes, 41 ; dependems and 
elln^ents, 272 : feeble-minded, educa- 
tion, : public-school system, code of 
11-12: school bonds. 95; school 
lands, 73 ; school sanitation, 180; State 
normal schools, 155. 

Idaho, University of, ajrrlcultural college 
fund, 244; appropriations, 244; .build- 

Ilimola, board of education, Irreeularlv 
common drlnklnc cups pro-. 
blDIted, 180; delloqueot children, 2s.'t ; 
OfP^ndents and delinquents, 272, 'SikS • 
hlRh scbftol districts. 216 ; libraries, ^ ; 
radical education. 2."i4 ; museums, 200: 
school districts, 64-65; echool elections, 
59 , school fund, 70 ; school lands, 73— 
' Jii "lo 81. 103; school trus- 

teea, 42. State educational bulldlne, 13; 

1?®': textbooks, 103 
towDshlp bleb schools, 215. 

Illinois, University of, fund. 244. 

IndlanSj agricultural education, 247; art 
* aMoclatlop, admission of teachers and 
school children, 42 ; boards of school com- 
mlsslonors, 42 ; boards of school trusteoa, 
42, centennial commission, 15; commit- 
of Incorrigible girls, 283; condom- 
nation of property for State institutions, 
244; county superintendents, 33; depend- 
ents and delinquents, 272 : educational cor- 
poraUoas. 257 : evening schools, 205-; higli 
*nduBtrial and sgrlcultural 
education. 14 kindergartens, 205; llbra- 
rarles, 200; loss of St^te school fund In- 
^ trusted to county, right v'f action, 33 ; new 
’ constitution to supersede that of 1861.nro- 
^Ifliona relating to sd.^catlon, 14-15; 
medical Inspection of sci'ools. lOO-lOl ; 
playgropods, 206 ; private and endowed 
higher Institutions, 255 ; acuuol iwards, 
TO, bonds, 9.5, school buildings, 

108, 115—117; school cities, finance and 
■upport, 92 ; school expenditures, 42 : 
school lands, 74: school taxes, 103: State 
l«od for persons afflicted with hydro- 
phobia, 80; teachers' examinations, 131 ; 
teacheh contacts. 134; teachers' instl- 
teachers' salaries, 1.30; 
textbooks, 106 : trade schools, 237 : 

United States flag. upon school buildings, 

■ ’‘”hl5Su.K“244"'‘’' 

ladlinapolls, Tnd„ htMiMs of set^ com- 
missipners. powers and duties, 

Industrial education. .AIs„ 271 : Cal 201 • 
Ky„ 226: Me., 227; N. Mex. 
229 : Okla., 229 : R, I., 229, 

Insane asylums, Kv., 267. 

' Inspection, school buildings. 115-110 
insj^ctors of schools, State, salary, Okla., 

Institutes, teachers See Teachers' InstM 

Instruction, sectarian, forbidden, Idaho. 13 : 
soWeet matter of. 198-206. See also 
under topics and namtt of 8tate$, 
lo^, agricultural education. 248: board 
control of State Instltatlons, term of 
otBce. 26; certlfleatloD of teachers, 12fl; 
eojamtoent of waywatd girls, 284: 
county permanent school fSnC testa' 

, . 2‘7r-XitSr,w 


schools, 216 ; libraries. 260 ; school 
oulldlngs, 108 ; school district treasurer 
accountability, 43: achool dlatrlcts 05. 
95 : State board of education, 25 ; State 
Industrial school, 289; State Historical* 
S<wletT, 257 ; training of teachers, rural 
schools, 159. / ^ 

J. 

Janitors, public school, employment and 
discharge, N. J., 48; violation of duties, 

Joint schools. Pa., 23. 

Juvenile courts. 278-283. 8ee also under 
names of StaU$. 

K. 

Kansas agricultural education, 248 ; 
boards of education, 43 ; clalinb against 
Day County, 80 ; certification of tpiichers. 
126-127; county normal institutes. HI2 : 
county Bi^rintendents of public Instrup- 
tlon, 33—34; dismissal of teachef.s, Ui4 ; 
equal suffrage, 15 ;• high schools. 210: 
investment of sinking funds, 93 : li- 
braries, .260-261 : playgrounds, 200 : 

school attendance, 166; school bonds. 
0,5: school buildings, fire protection. 

108-110; school districts, 05 ; sclumi 
elections, 60 : iChodl funds, 86-80 ; 

school lands, 74-75 ; school tuxes, 104 ; 
State Industrial school for girls 2S4 ; 
teachers’ pensions, 1 38-130 ; t ra ve 1 1 ug 
library commission, secretary. 25; uni- 
form system of blank books and records, 
194. 

Kansas, University of, hospital, 245. 

Kentucky, agrlcultuml education, 248 ; - 
child labor, 174 ; city bMrds of eduen ® 
tion, 44-4.5; common drinking cups pro- 
hlbltedL 189 ; compulsorv school attend- 
ance. 170; contract for professorship 
in college, 266; county academies and 
seminaries, 216; county boards of edu- 
cation, 34-36 : coudty Bup^rlnteudents, 
34—36 : county textnook commission, 

196-196 : deaf and dumb, schools, 208 : 
educational oorporntlons, 257 ; Industrial 

• ^ucatlon, 22.5 ; jasnne asylums, chnng- 
Ing names, 207 ; inspection of school 
funds, 26; parental home and school 
commission, 284 ; payment of debts of 
reform schools, 284 ; prohibition dis- 
trict, 110; Bcboul bonds, 90; school 
buildings as civic centers. Ho; school 
districts, M ; school funds, ,*15 : school 
bollda.vs, 166 : school taxes, 104 : scbPoI 
t 46-46 : separatlbn of races. ’ 

180-186; tenchera’ contracts, 134; 
children,' 139-140; wrongs to 

K^tuAy, State noiverslty of, Carnegie 
fund. 3|6: Investigation, 245. 

Kentucky Normal and Industrial School for 
Colored Persons, appropriation, 253. 
Kindergartens, Idaho, 18. Ind.. Wash., 206. 


I**ckawanna, N. Y„ compulsory sttendayes. 

Lands, school. 89. 41, 73-78, 82. 'Bee aieo 
under nomee of BUtiea, * 
unguages, modern^ Instruction, Cal.,. i04. 
Law schoolt, Mont. 283. 
lectures, p^llc, 2l,S. / 

^^***2W burcan, Kebr., 263 : 

nama of atateo, 

eomml^piu, SUte, Idaho, Mc„ 
aUe (oAiddan near 






tNDBX. 


399 


LonUlADt. boArdg of ftducAtlort, t«e«t s«r> 
vice*. 25 ; dependents an^Mteltoquents, 
273 ; farm demonstration^ work, 213 ; 
btgli acbools, 217 ; Inheritance tax foe 
Bchools. 72; tnatructlon In agriculture, 
201 ; juvenile courts, 27U-280 ; libraries, 
261-202.; parish board of education, 40 ; 
parish superintendents, 36 ; practice of 
. nrchitecture. 253; 8t Marj's Dominican 
Acadeihy, New Orleans, degrees and di- 
plomas, t^5 ; school assessments, 103 ; 
school attendance. 103 ; school board 

S rlnter, 49; Bchaftl bonds, 96-97 ; school 
Irectors, 35; Imool election, 00-01 ; 
school holidays, 105; school lands, 75; 
school taxes, 104-105 ;* school year, 104 ; 
State textlgMk commission, 197 ; teach- 
ers' Institutes, 162; teachers' pensions, 
140; United States flag upon school 
buildings, llD-120; wrongs to children, 
277. 

Lowell Textile School, Mass., degrees, 253. 


Ualne, bequest to Baptist Theological 
Seminary, 257 : board of '* education, 

Blddeford, 46 ; feeble-minded, education, 
270 ; high schools, 217 ; Industrial educa- 
tion, 225—227. 2H4 : library commission, 
26 ; school privileges, equalization. 87 ; 
school taxes, 105 ; State normal schools, 
155 I superintendents of schools, 40—17 ; 
teocblng history and geography, common 
schools, 198; union of towns for em- 
ployment of superintendent of schools, 
46 ; unorganised townships, compensa- 
tion of agents, of schools, 20; unorgan- 
ized townships. Increasing appropriation 
for schools; 87. 

Maine, University of, compensation of trus- 
tees, 245. 

Manchester, N. H., school board, compen- 
sation, 48. ' ' 

Mannsl training, Arlz„ 201 ; Mont., 229. 
Maryland, agricultural education, 230; ap- 
pointment of teachers, 134 ; approved 
colleges and universities, list, 241; bu- 
reau of aanltary engineering, 117 ; chang- 
ing name of Female House of Refuge, 
280; child labor, 174-175; classlflcatlon 
of teachers' certificates, 120 ; common 
drinking cups prohibited, 180 ; depen- 
dents and delinquents, 273 ; education of 
colored children, 213; educational coipp- 
ratlons, 267 ; evening schools, 206-206 ; 

' farmers* Institutes, 213 ; fire escapes In 
schools, 189; grade supervisors, 35; high 
schools, 217-210 ; Juvenile courts, S80 ; 
libraries, 262: lobbying forbldtlen.^72 : 
penalty • for kidnaping children, 280 1 
prohibition districts, 119; school board, 
yOarrett Coun^, appropriation, 87 ; 
school bonds, 97r ; school taxes, 81. 105- 
100; State normal schools, 156: teach- 
salaries, 1*36 ; teachers' pensions, 
no-141 ; trade schools. 237, 
Massachusetts, admission* of children to 
places of amusement, 186 : age and 
Bchoollns certificates of minora, 170 ; 
Jrgrlcultural edugatlon. 201, 230, 248 ; 
board of education. State, 26 ; eprttflea* 
tiou of teachers. 131; child labor, 176- 
176; common drinking cups prohibited, 
169 ; common tdwel proolblted. 180 ; 
compulsory Instruction of thrift, 206 ; 
compulsory school attendance, 170 ; cor- 
^ral punlshinent, 187 ; dependents and 
dellhqueuta, 273 ; educational corpora^' 
ttoDB, 257: evening schools. 2Q0 ; female 
truants, 170 ; Flag Day, 203 ; .granting of. 
.degrees, 241: high achoola, 92, 2l9: In- 
' stmctloik In drat aid to the injured 205 ; 
• investigatlag methods of- supportliic pub- 
Ik schools, 72;. llbrartM, 262; mfiltary 
' drilLboblic - schools. 204; playgrounds, 

. 206-WT ; a&oot aitendsnee oOimrk ITO.; 

. school biMidihgs, iio3i8 i’;i^ 


\ 


mtttee, powers and duties, Cambridge, 
47 : school fund, 80 ; school holidays. 
Ii65 ; school savings banks, 205 f scnool 
superlntendency unions, 47 ; school au- 
perlnteo^nts, 47; schools as social 
centers, 206-4207 ; State nm-mal schools, 
155-150; teachers' F^nslonl, 141 ; teach- 
ers' salaries, 130; Wbnlcal education, 
263 ; trade schools. 237 ; training schools, 
board 'established, 284; traveling school 
tuberculosis exhibit, 199 ; United States 
flag upon Bcliool buildings, 120 ; voca- 
tional education, 227-229 ; wrongw to 
children, 277. 

Massaebuaetts Institute of Technology, ap- 
propriation, 202 ; scbotarsblps, 252^. 
Medical education, Ark., 252; Qa., 252; 
Ncbr., 253-254. 

Medical inspection of BCbools. 19, 22. 190- 
103. See also uiuicr names of Btates. 
Medical schools. N. J., .254; N. x., 254. 
Medical societies. Incorporation. N. Y., 2,54. 
Merit system, teachers, Ohio, 121-122. 
Michigan, agricultural education. 230-231; 
boards of education, 47 ; ccrt^'catlon of 
teachers, 127 ; condemnation private 
propwty, 26 ; county school commission- 
ers, .35 ; dependants and delinquents, 
27.3 ; depoKlta of Mkool moneys, 03 ; dis- 
trict school fund, 93 ; feeble-inlnded, edu- 
cation, 270; high schools. 219-220; In- 
corporation of colleges. 255 ; Juvenile 
courts, 2H0 ; libraries. 262-263; pliyslcal 
education, 8tat£ normal seboots, 198- 
199 ; playgrotinds, 207 ; primary school 
Interest money, npportlonmeDt. 87 ; 
school bonds, 07;' school buildings, fire 
escapes, llu; School elections, 61 ; super- 
intendent of i)iibllc Insfructlon, 20 ; 
teachers’ contrnets, 135; township sclftml 
districts, 66-4J7.* 

Military drill, public schools, Mass., 204. 
Military schools, Vl, Va., wls., 262. 
Mining schools, Npt„ 251. ' 

Minneapolis, school district, 60. 

Minmwota, agricultural education, 231, 
248 ; certlfi^catlon of teachers. 132 ; 
county boards of. education, 36; county 
superiDtcndents of schools, 30 ; depend*^ t 
children, 284 ; district school boards,^47; 
medical examination, of schools, 191; 
'museums, 263 ; observance of " Mloue- 
sola Day," 201 ; playgrounds, 207 ; school 
bonds, 97-08 ; school districts, 07 60 ; 
school extension wmy^213; school funds, 
80 ; school lands, ^Hb70 ; school tax<^, 
100; State aid for mR>ols, 87 ; teachers' 
pensions, 141 ; textbooks, 194, 197, 
Minnesota, University of, buildings, 245 ; 
prohibiting location of cemetery near, 
245. 

Mississippi, admission of children to public 
pool or billiard room forbidden, 180;^ 
• agricultural education, 231-232; Carnegie 
fund and Institutions of hlgbei^ educa- 
tion, .-247 ; certlflcatfdn of teachers, .127 ; 
child tabor, 176; county superlntendeotsi, 
36 ; edtmatlon of the ullna, 269 ; Greek 
letter fHltemltles, etc., forbidden, 246 ; 
Indictment for forgery of a school trua- 
tee's certlficdte, 47 ; Instruction In music 
and drawing, 201 ; munlclpalltlea, release 
of territory eutslde of corporate limits, 
CO; nocmal graduates and teaching ^rp- 
fesslOD^ 132 ; number . of assistants' Ih 
school oUtrlct, 135 ; practice of pharmacy, 
^ 268 ; purchaae of school supplies. 93 ; re- 
ports from State Institutions of educa- 
non', 241-242 ; school bonds, 08 ; school 
bullalngs, llO ; school fund, Chickasaw, 

. 72 ; school holidays, 165 ; school taxes, 
72, 106; State and judicial officers aa 
trustees of the' university and cOHegest 
245 : State aid f6r county schools, ; 

■ State institutions of. higher education. 

- one board of trustees, 261 ; State normal 

- achoolL 160-157; study, treatment, and 

. prtye&Uqn of < tnheftuioile, -iup|cln> 


300 


nrsu. 


Balmryr72; ttxt* 

University ot board of troa- 

teachers, 127-128. 
\13J ; charter of college constraed. 255 ; 
«n»ra1 pUDlahment. 187; county or 
township treasurers, ^ ; county superln- 
deTODdents and delinqucnta, 
rJ5““7J \ ^ucatlQual corporations. 257 ; 
iM nstrlal Home for Glrla, support, 284 • 
Wenlle wurta, 280 ; liberal construction 
^school statutes, 16; libraries, ,263 r 
oSPWor 257 ; parental schools, 

; school anditorlum, public 
ntherlngs, 110 ; school bonds. 98; school 
o^torH, 48 ; school districts, 69 ; 
srtTOl elections, 61-62 ; school fund, 80 
* ®cl»ool bouses. Intoxicated persons 
prohibited from entering, llo ; school 
taxes. 106; school year. i64 : State aid 
for schools* 87; teachers* contracts, 135 
Moi^na, educational commission, 26; fire 
<WIls. public schools, 205; Juvenile 
Industrial train 
qualiflcatlona of teachers. 132 ; 
school bonds, 98; school oensua. 104; 

nehnnl vllat-pintB iic an. 


schwl distrlcjs. 48. 60 ; superintendents 
' : transportatloa of pupils 




of schools, 48 
to school, 166. 

Montana, IJnlversIty of. law' department, 

^ 253 ; special reports, 245. 

Moral and ethical education. Del., Ill 200 
Moseums. III., 260: Minn., 263. 

Music, Instruction. Ariz., ^0 ; Miss.. 201. 

' « 

If. 

Nature study, N. Dak., 20. 

Nebra^a, a^cultural education, 232 : 
certification of teachers, 128 ; charitable, 
reformatory, and penal Institutions, 2^ ; 

' edocotloD, 48 ; conduct ot^ . 

cmidren, 283 ; county superin ten den;^ 
d^inquonts. 274 ; 

State Fire Day,” 202 : hlS 
Mhooli, 220 ; *’ Howard Day ’* lenl hoil 
- libraries, 

. 283 , m^nl schools. 253 ; normal train! 

^ jRILiS Mffh schwliL l59; private and en- 
dow^ bfehef InsUtutlons, 255; school 
district warrants, 
fti ? • Bchoo) elections. 

8^ school lands, 76 ; achool taxes, 48, 
iw; secretary of board of education 
8*«t«,nornml schools, 48; State normaf 
schools, 15T. 

p7. 8<fts and bequests. 
25®* P*S5I ^of production of hog-^olera 
serum, 24o. 

*d“*«fIon to white gobool, Okl« , 
MJm. 213. Okla.. 38; 
lamlte offeqden, reform achool, -Ala.. 
|T1: orohana’ home. W. Va.. zsi-ym^ 

2T4; educational 
^iwr^lop) «strlcta. 26; high achoola, 

JfiPl* Clt^ 251, pnblle-iehool system, 
Fp®5thl_wvlalon of laws, 16-18 ;^hooi 
98-66; school funds, school 

Hsmpshlry, agrlcultnrst education. 
-21S’ Dartmonth Col^ 

^ teacheri. 128 j 


i® * service commission. 49 ; confer- 
rtng degrees, 242 ; county supertntend 
school district 

IW , ^pendents and delinquentsi, 274 • 
education of special classes, 267 ; educa 
; exsntinatlons. 29 : 
fwbl^mlnd^d. education, 270; free In 
20 years of age 
Institutions of 
• Jwvcnlle courts, 286- 
“edical TOUeges. 254; normaTschooi 
diplomas, 13.1 ; parental schooU, 285* 
pisyK^unds, 207-209 ; privata aecoodarv 
schMls, 220; publlC'School Janitors 48^ 

' ?h?i r system. 27-29 ; peI|^ou»and 
charitable cori^rations 25^ r reslgntion 
•.srhopf bonds, 99 ; school 
^'*7^dlngs, -111, 114; school taxes 106* 

285^StI tr^nnr®m ^ detention; 

, State normal asSool, 167 ; teachers* 

^^^“742 ; -truant officers. 170* 
violation of school law, fines, 93. ’ 

®^*cultural education, 249 ; 
S1JKV2. . ®F® imrcotlcs, study, 200; ap- 

of^^iSf/inS^ 1 ?®®^ officers. 29; boards 
or e<moatloQ. 40 . county superintendent 
Bchooi, 220 ; Indus- 
pubuJ officers, con- 
®?Q In excess of lyjproprla- 
*3 , whool bonds, 80, 99 ; schwl 

®7-82, 106 , teaching history and 
cl^cs, common schools, Ifig; nmform 
accounting, public officers, 73. 
*\ew lork, admission of children to oubllr 
pool or billiard rooms forbidden 186 * 
agricultural ^ucation. 232-233* 249* 
^ucatloo law. 256 ; appropria- 
education building/ 78 ; 
at theaters and mot ion -picture 
^IbltlMs, 186; t»oarda of edumloD 
t ; certification of 

Uachers. 1^ ? chUd-tal^r, 181-182 : 

* ®v°^ minor aliens, 205 ; 
268 ; dependents 
district superin- 
• education fund. 
90 , e^catlon of special classes. 268 * 
^ncatlon of the blind, 269-270^eduM’ 
iJ?F amendment, 29; educational 
ai^ reMriona corporations. 258; employ- 
I, of teachers, 135; fire drill fn 
uhMls, 1^* free education for Inhabb 
Japts of Tgmpfalo, St University of Buf- 
falo, 242 ; high schools, 221 ; mcornora- 
societies, 254 ; Incnn^Sble 
900 ^“' ^ 1 ® * InrtrucKon In agrlcnl^re 
£11^1 ih^enlle-courM, 281 ; libraries, 2t8 • 
SVfe* Ipa^rtloD of Vhools, lOl ; medl- 
nl Bcbools,'254 ; plamomids. 200 ; prac- 
®Cr Pliat’Otacy. 29 [ prohibition dls- 

WMrt Kii Aendenw, 

719j pnblle records, 29; 

s'r.s?o,s 

jjoner, M; teicbemf^contwicti 1 ^ 

160; tmlnlng of nurses, 254* 

S!id2s?'a?|^.*"‘”“^ *?««* «> 

dl«L?'SuS?.r* !>®w 




i INDEX 


861 


New York State Training School for Girls, 
age of inmates committed, 2S5. 

Newton, Me., school committee, reducing 
nomber of membera. 47. 

Normal schools, county and lecal, 169-160 ; 
diplomas, 132-133 ; Sute, 164-169. See 
also un Mor names of Btcta. 

North Cimina, agticultorsl education. 
233-234. 24Q; consolidation of schools, 
37 : county boards of education, 37 ; deaf 
and dumb, schoota, 203 ; di^ursement of 
school funds, 93 ; feeble-minded. Vaca- 
tion. 270 ; high schools. 3S ; libraries, 
204; medical mspectlon of schools. 191 ; 
rbform school for colored yontbs, 235 ; 
school boards, 55 ; school bonds, 100 ; 
school census, 37: school taxes, 38. 62. 
70, 106-107; teacDrrs' aalariea, 37 ; text- 
book commission, 30; Stste normal 
schools, 158. 

North Dakota, agricultural education, 234- 
236 ; conduct of children. 283 ; courses of 
study, common schools, 108 ; coanty 
superintendent. 38 : depeodents and de- 
linquents, 275 ; feeble-mloded. education, 
271; Juvenile courts, 282; libraries, 2^; 
prohibiting games on Memorial I>ay, 210; 
publlc-asl^^l libraries, 26C: public-school 
system, codlflcstlon of laws, 18-20 : 
school huUdingB, 111. 118-110: school 
elections. 62 ; suhool lands, 7G ; State aid 
to elemeutary education. 80-90; State 
board of control, reformatory, etc., Insti- 
tutions, 30 ; State high sebooiboard, 30 : 
State normal sebdbis, 158 (^temporary 
education^ commission. 30 ; textbooks 
and supplies. 104. 

Northwestern University, Watertown. VTls., 
na^ changed to Northwestern College. 

Norwich iTiilversUy, Vt., Incorporating 
“Commons t'iub.’^252: 

NnrsCT, trained. reglatratloD. R. I., 254. . 

Nurses, training. Ala., 252 ; Ga.. 252 ; N. Y., 
264. 


O. 


Set also under 


Ofllcen. acbool, 24-40. 
names of Statee. 

Ohio, . agricultural education. 236-236: 
boards of education, 65 ; central 1 mat loo of 
township schools, 106 ; certification of 
' teachers, 129. 131 ; child labor, 182; dty 
school districts, appointment of supeyin- 
tendeats. 66 ; commltmenta and paroles. 
Girls’ Industrial Home, 286; dependenU 
and delinquents, 276 ; deposit of acbool 
funds, 65 ; education of tuberculous chil- 
dren. 271 ; extending merit sydtem to 
school teachers, 121-122; feeble-nilDded 
education. 271 ; furnishing water to pub- 
lic schools, 9S.r'hlgh-&chool inspection, 
224 hlj^T 4^ncatlon. 242-^243 ; sheet- 
ing children, 276; penaltj for kidnaping 
children, 27&i playgnmnos, 210 : sale of 
tobacco tOv^lniidren, 278 ; school ' ‘ 


100: kchool holidays, 166; sehoOlhoi 
bnlld!^ code. 111-114 ; school tax. n 
. State instltatlons, slngls board of aamin- 
Istratora 69.$ Stats normal schools, 168 ; 
, teachers^ p^twloBS. 146; teachers^ sal- 
aries, 137 ; township sdicol districts, or^ 
ganmtlos of school boards, 60.; trans- 
portation ot pupils to sdiool, 167 ; rll- 
lajtb-tduxd dttMct, 70. 

Ohio 81 ^ Dnlrsnl^* ^h'SChool buUd- 


. ^ ^ 247, trust fund, 2^ 

Dklahonia, colors schoolt, w ^ oyas so t of 
teachers, 88$ ooufity supecSrtBndeats of 
schools, 88: IfidustiW B dssatfc m , 129; 



Open-Sir schools, tobercolous children, 
Ohio, R, L, 271. 

Ore^n, sgrlcnltural education. 249 ; board 
of school directors, 69; certification of 
teachers. 122—126 ; changing name of 
State reform acbool, 289; county educa- 
tional board, 88 ; coanty bcboo\ super- 
intendent, 38 ; educational corporations, 
256; evening schools, 206: blgn schools, 
221 ; higher edneatloa, 243 ; libraries, 
264 ; library commlaalon, 31 ; primary 
school districts, 70; school f^ds, 80; 
school hygiene. 189 ; scbnoltftws, com- 
pilation, 31 ; school taxes, S7 ; Stale 
bureau of mines, 250; State normal 
school, 158; tMcbers' pensions, 148. 

Oregon. UnlvedKy of, lK>ard of. r»enta, 
349. 


cbogl 


P. 

rsrlsh Buperln ten dents. Bee Buperlntend- 
ente of schools, parish. 

Parkersburg, W. Va., Indepf'ndpnt sol 
districts 72. 

Parochial schools, Md.. 213. 

Part-time schools. Mass., 237. 

Patriotism. See Civics, 

Penal Instltatlons, board of commlaslODent, 
Nebr., 267. ■ 

Pennsylvania board of school directors. 56 ; 
child labor, 182; deficiency In appropri- 
ation for schools, cities, 101 ; ednea- 
tlonal bolldlnga, charitable trusts, 100; 
educational colorations, 260 : exem)> 
tlon from taxation, farm and live wto5t 
of public charitable luduatrial school, 
266 ; ‘fire drills, schools, 200 ; play- 
grounds, 210-211: school Vode, 20-24; 
school hyglenei, 100; school taxes, 107, 

Pensions, fesebers’, 137-164. See olio 
under nam^ of States, 

Pharmacy, practice. Miss,, 353: N. Y., 39. 

Physical education. Instruction,* Mich., KMh 

. 199. See aUo Praygrounds 

Ph^^cal examination of children; Colo., 

Phvslolog? and hygiene, instruction. Cal!, 
Miumu, Mlm,, N. J„ IW; N. Mex,, Pa., 

Playgrounds, 206-21SL See aUo under 
nafnee of gtafes. 

Porto Rico, maintaining students In col- 
leges ana onlverslUes of tinted States, 
242 : school bonds, 101 ; School mxas, 
101 . 

Pooghkwpsle, N, Y., board -of education, 
institution and terms of offlee, 60. 

Principals, supervising, dlarlea and duties. 
Pa., 21. 

Wnter, school board. La„ 49. 

.SSror Ws8^*‘" 

PrlTOte and endowed schooled Md,, N, C, 
218* 

Statee* ' 

l^feselonal education, teachnrs, lM-169. 

I^blhltloo dte^cfiSjUlS, 

Property, publie a^ool, dliposttion, Ta,, 

Pubiie aeh(^ approf^tione, v8aa Fl- 
hanoa a^ npport, ^tnts ;. mduuddr 
aofM 0/ f*04ee, 

P^shm^le«Mgl Agk., Mam,, Mo., IBT. 
Purdw iDilr agrtaulMtml eSh 




802 




! 


' Bcformatoir Instltiitlomi, single board of 
control, Ohio, SO; State board of con- 
trol. HO. 

and political testa, law against, 

Rensselaer, N. T., tax election for school 
purposes, SO. 

Rhode Island, agrlcnltnral edncation, 250 
distant commissioner of public schools 
Si; child tabor, 182: depwodents and de 
llnquents, 275; edncation of the blind 
^0: ^u<»tlon of tuberculoQs cblldren, 
271 : fire drill In schools, 188 : Indastiial 
educsUon, 229; libraries, 264; medical 
Inspection of schools, W2 ; plaTsround^ 
2U: prohibition districts, 119; nubile 
lectures, 213; registration of trained 
nnrse^ 254 ; school committees. 66 
school holidays. 165 ; State board of edu 
cation, 31: State normal school, 158. 
teachers* training. 247 : transporUtlon of 
gugli® to school. 167 ; wrongs to children, 

Rnral high schools. Idaho, 13. 

Rural schools, training of teachers for. 

Iowa. 159. . 

Rntland, V t.. boa rd of school commis- 
sioners, 57. 

0 . 

* . 

Salartes. boards of school trustees. Ind., 
.42; county boards of ,edoeatlon, Minn., 
38; county school commissioners, Mich., 
36: county superintendents, Ala., 32. 79. 

Ind.. 33, Kahs.. 88-34, N. J. 
ST, Minn., 36, Nebr.. 37, Oreg., 38, W. Va„ 
40 : division superintendents of school, 
va., 40 ; school com ml salon era, Indian sp- 
oils, Ind., 42: school directors. Pa., 21: 
State Inspector of schools. Okla,, 31 : 
State superintendents. Miss., 72. N. H.. 
27, N. X)ak., 18, Utah, 32 ; township 
snpertntendents. Me-, 46-47; teachers. 
37, J 36—187. Bee aUo vnder namee oj 
Btatei. - * 

Sanitation, school, 115-119, 188-193. See 
olio namee of States, 

echolarahlps. Massaennsetts Institute of 
T^nology, 263; Worcester Polytechnic 


Inatltutm Mass., 253. 

School bOnas. Bee Bonda, acl 
. Bch^olb^u. See Textbooks. 

'/wnana Am r*Aviat,a 


of 


Scbool 'censns. See Census, school. 

School commissioners, county, election. Oa . 

36: salarlea an^ 
Indiapapolla, Ind., 42. 

School conamltte^ reducing' number 
members, Newton, Me., 47. 

School directors. Bee Directors, school. 
School districts.. Bee Districts, school. 
School elections, Nebr., 62. 

Sebo^ frateml^, Cdo., Mich., 1S8. 

School funds. ■ Bee Pun^, school. 

School grounds. Bee Grounds, school. 
School bolldaTS. Bee Holidays, school. 

^ Bch^lhouMs, contract for heating. N. J- 
49: SMial and civic uses, Cal., 4i. 

School hyxlaM. Ind., U7. 
hool lanas. see l^ds, sdbooL 
ol la~ oomp^tlon. Ortg., 8X, Vt., 
IL C.. 81-^2. 

9) oflioera. See Ofiesrs. MhooU 
^1 popnUtion a&d attsodanoa, 163*-1SS, 
^ Rw olfo wilder ndinea ef Btefee, 

Bctol MtTiw banks, ICasa., 205. 

S^Mt npimtsniteDor unlo^ 47. 

School I niBt sa a . See iTMees. lehooL 
B^ooJ rear, month, and dly, 164. 





Society for the Preaervatlon of New Eng. 
^^nd Antiquities, Mass., Incoximrated, 

agricultnral education, 
5^2 : College, Incorporated, 

Qo® * county snperinfendent 
80 , beneficiary atudents at State col^ - 
le^ 246; child labor. 183; con^Si- 
***Ji”i ^“^-1 graded schools. 167: county 
si^rlntendMtB, 39; deaf and dumb, 
wboolsr' 268 : destitute children. 286 • 
0^1* ««hoolB. 163 : high schools, 

221* hlgh-school districts, 70^1: Indus! 
trlsl school for boys, 286; juvenile 
blllltary AcaHemy, name 
changed, 260 : minors prohibited from 
Hon 186; prohlbl- 

V of school 

K • "<^bool bonds, 101 ; school 

u school districts, 50, 70; 

s^ool el^ectlons, 62-63; school hyriene^ 
»chjwl twea, 107 : State aid for 
Mho(^R, 91 : state board of education. 

normal school. 139: uniform 
methM of awarding scholarships, 242, 
certification of teachers, 
auperintendents, 30; educa- 
nnd religious corporations^ 250; 
®<^*1*^* 6*«tr*ota adjusting 
iSf®***i 94-95 : normal school 
bonds. lOl ; school 
districts, 71, 03 r 
scbMl lands, 76 ; school taxes. 107 • 
nchopl. 159 : transportation 
of pupils to school, 167-168. 

*^m«its^43^’ 0^* Improve- 

Special classes, education. 267-271. Bee 
oleo under names of Btatee. 

Special types of schools. 205-213. 

State aid to schools, 114. 

npproprlatlons, 

State finance and support. See Finance 
and support, State. 

^^Statlt Khoola See Normal schools, 

^^tat“^* school, 

Sudage. equal. Kana. 16. ' 

teachety* Instltutea, 
wtwlA' namee of 

Superlntet^ent of schools. Old Town, Me 
salary, 40. 

public Instruction, gee 
Bupetlntendents of s^oola State. 

nchool unions, terfb of 

Supeiiptenden ts of schools (city), appblnt- 
33 : diatrlcta employkS^ N. 

duties, Cat; 41 , 

Superlotradents of scboola (county), de 

ST ; employiMnt of oounaet Ky., 84 ; em- 
Pjopept <tf aaaipnta Okla. 88: ex- 
amotion. Ky„ 84, Mlaa^ 8^: pAlclal 
8. iMk.i M; powers ani daUea, 
.Ky.» M, Pa^ 21, vha,, 4^ 



— ( Tteandas, Eaik, 84. 
SuMilnteDdenta of aehooU (district 

B/!SESl!3}N«ioiSr™ 


miM. 0 / ^ . topaptsatati of scbooli (dlvlMfHu town* 

Baotetoy ^p dhoo lit taa^en. lSO-182. bbiPi sad dWilet), eaployinfat Odnit, 

liiitrticiqOMg^ Idaho, 18. PWii and duW liaalTiT: .7^ 




VSHMX, 


308 


Baperlntendentfl of ocbools (State'), txHid, 
Aril., 24 ; office abollBbed. 14. J.. 28 ; 
powers and duttea, Idaho, n, Ner,, 15- 
16, MIcb.. 26; proridln^ for dlsctaarice. 
Me., 46 ; remoTal. Me., 47 ; salaries. Me,, 
47, Misa^ 72, N. Dak., 18: union or 
towns lor employment, Me., 4«. See oZeo 
Commissioners of edncation, 

Buperrlslnic principals. See Principals, 
superrislng, 

SnperrlBtOD, school, Vt, 66. 

Supervisors, grade, appointment, Ud., 35. 

Supplies, scbool, 21, 193-104. 

Syracuse University, forestry scbool. 254, 


Taxation, school, 38, 41. 48. 50. 69. 62. 
72, 80-^3, lOS— 107, See also utuier 

name* of 8tate$. 

Teachers, certlOcates (See Certiflcates. 
teachers) ; employment, contract, ap- 
polnlmont and dismissal. 13.V154 (See 
aUo under names of Stale#) ; eiamlfla- 
tlone and certiticates. 126-133; quallfl- 
cations, 23i )20-126 (See a1$o under 
name* of State*) ; pensions (See Pensions, 
teachers ; *ce aUo under name* of 
State*) ; powei:8 and duties. Nev„ 16; 

training and education, 
lM-162 (See also under names of 
^lo/ee) ; salaries (See Salaries, teach- 
era) ; retirement funds, Pa,, 23, 
T^chprsj^colleges and normal schools, Ohio, 

Teachers’ Institutes and summer schools. 
^2-13, 20, 23, 160-162, See also under 
name* of Slofcs. 

Technical, Industrisl, and vocational edu- 
cation, el^entsry and secondary, 225— 
241, 247-^4. See also under name* of 
State*. 

Tennwitrc, ohlld labor, 183-184; county 
auperln^dent, 30; dependents and de- 
UnquenffT 27B ; Federal aid to agrlcul- 
Scollegrg, 80: cducattonid corpora. 
250: Juvenile courts, 282; probtbl- 
districts, 119; school bonds, lOl- 

txas, agricultural education. 236, 250; 
certification of teachers. 1^180; em- 
ployment of chaplain. State Institution 
for Training of Juveniles, 286; high 
Hchools, 221-223; private and endow^ 
higher Institutions of learning, 266 ; 
Bales of county scbool lands, 39; school 
bonds, 102 ; scbool districts, 30, 66, 71- 
72; scbool elections, 63; school lands. 
76-78; school taxes, 107, 

Texss, University of, bMrd of regents, 246 ; 

Touchers for expenditures, 246. 

Textbook commission, State, Idaho. 11 : 
N, C.. 80, 

Textowks, free. 104 ; general Information. 

J8t 20, 21, 193-194; uniformity of, 104- 
— under names of State** 

Textile schools. Mass., 229, 263. 

T^lft, compulsory instmctiott. Mass., 206. 
Towns, word does not Include special- 
school districts, N, H., 70. 

Townships, nnqrganlsed, Me., 26: school 
_ sovernmeot. wU.. 72. 

Trade schools, Ala., Ind., Md., Bfassn 

gaining of^teachers. 164-163. ’ , 

of pttplle to school, 66 , 86 - 
86,."' 166-160. fiw ilso' Conaollmtlon of 
schools* €Md und& name*af State** 
Treasurers, county or toiVhshlp ' aaaual 
setUement, Uo„ 87 ; s^ool dufiet, Iowa. 

Truancy, Man,, 170, 


•chool oosttkteti, ft 
■ dAUrt ei ananim __ 




Tnberculoals, ibt conoemlng. Mica., 100 r 
open-air schools, Ohio, B. I,, 271 ; pro- 
hibiting employment of teachers, etc., 
afflicted. Aril., 133 ; Hawaii, 134 ; travel- 
ing exhibit. Mass., 109. 


Unions, scbool, superlntendenta. Mass.. 47, 
.'United States, grants to agricultural and 
mechanical colleges. Miss., 261. 

United States Military Academy, West 
Point, N. Y., prohibition district. 119. 
nnlversitiea and eolleges. State, 243-246. 
Bee al*o Colleges an(^ universities; amt 
under names of Bfales. 

.University and school extension, Minn., H. 
I.. WiB., 213. 

. Utah, agricukural edncation. 251 ; board 
of trusteecL State Industrial School 286 ; 
cl^ boards of education. 66; county 
oflScera, salaries, 30 ; county school disk 
trlcts, 39 ; county superintendent^ 40 ; 
deaf and dnmb, rancatlofi. 260 ; depend- 
ent and delinauent children, 286 ; high 
schools, 02. 223: Juvenile courts, 283: 
libraries. 264 ; pnyalcal examination of 
scbool children, 102; public gytnnaslumsL 
264 : school districts, 66, 72 ; scbool tax, 
82-83 ; State superintendent of public 
instruction, 32; wrongs to children, 278. 
Utah, University of, board of regents, 246; 
fund. 246 ; instruction In agriculture and 
domestic science. 246 ; providing perma- 
nent income, 82-88, 


V,' 

Vacation schools, 206-213. See aUo under 
name* of State*. 

Vermont, agricultural education, 236, 261 ; 
board of scbool commissioners. 67 ; cer* 
tlflcatlon of teachers, 138-131 ; compila- 
tion of scbool laws, 32 ;' contagious dis- 
eases. schools closed, 01 ; deaf and dumb, 
Schools, 269 ; exemfUons from taxation, 
lands of colics, academies, etc., 266 ; 
high schools, 223-224 : Industrial school, 
commitments, 286; libraries, 264-266; 
medical inspection of schools, 192; mili- 
tary edncation, 252 ; school supervision. 
66 ; State normal gebool 169 ; teachers* 
pensions. 148 ; teachers’ training courses, 
high schools and academies, 160; United 
States flag upon school buildings, 120. 

Virginia, agricultural education. 236; child 
labor. IM : clerks, district scik>o1 boards, 
67; dependents sad delinquents, 276; dli-' 
trict school boards, 67 ; division superin-^ 
tendent of schools, 40 ; donations for 
schools, M ; educational Institutions, ex- 
32 ; free public school, Negro 
ry Association of Virginia, 
smal school for gfrla, 286; In- 


llhn 



. panston, Slf ; free public achool, 

• Reformatory Association of ^ 

286 ; Induamal school for gfrla, 
atmctlon In agrleulture, 202 ; Jnstru^lon 
in domestic science 202; Instruction In 
manual training, 202; malntensnce of 
runa^aded s^oola. 168; mlliUry edu- 
; neglect to support cWldren, 
180-1 87 ; pUytTouiidii, 211 ; pnblk school 
:ies, 267 ; public school property, dls- 
ion. 67; ^ooL bonds, 102; scbool 
IS, 164 uvehool ux, M ; school year, 
sepdrstlon of meet, 186; Btats nor- 
school. 168 ; teachers’ pensions,. 148- 
J59 • snlsrles, l8r ; textbooks, 

- ; jnclotis or negls^ chUdren, cus- 

tody. 287.. 

Carnegie fond. 24Tt 

fund, 246, 

Inta MiUtary Instltnte, 282. 

Afli, 228; 








304 


IHDKX. 


WatU^OD, action for board and lodalDK 
boartfi^ achool, 163; apportloomenT ot 
school moneys. 91 ; blind, school, 209 ; 
coontT treasurer ex officio treasurer of 
school districts. 40; feehle-minded. edu- 
catlon, 271 ; Juvenile courts. 283; klnder- 
i quallllcatlons of teachers, 
125; school bonds, 102; school dlstrkta. 
AT : school dlayict warrants, 40 ; school 
election. 63; school taxes, 107; Slate Col- 
lands. 24:-t ; teachers’ contracts. 130. 
Watertown, N. i., com ml salon etrs of educa- 
tion, terms of office. 50. 

United States MlllUry 

t>o«rda of educatlou. 57; 
wrtiacation of teachers. 132; child labor. 
184 ; county super! ntendenta, 40; cxaml- 
* nation of teachera, 125 ; high schools, 
«4 j independent school districts. 72 ; 
radical Inspection of schools, J92-103* 
school election, 63 ; school holidays. 165 
school lands. 78; school tax. 83; State 
normal schools, 150. 

West Vli^nla Color^ Orphans’ Home 
management. 287. ’ 

Whitman College. Orog,, lands. 243. 
n isconsin. agricultural education, 236; art 
commissions In cities, 57-58; certlfica- 
teachers. 125. 132 : child labor, 
184-185; city hoards of school directors, 
68; consolidation of schools, 168-169* 
county supcrintcndenta. 40, 68; county 
schools for teachers, 160; courses 
of study, common schools, 108; eligibility 
.. of women to school offices. 24 high 
schwls, 02, 224 Independent school- dis- 
tricts, V2 ; Judicial and school officers, 
nomination and election, 24 ; lectures on i 


Mtural science etc., 67 : libraries. 265 ; 
military education, 252 ; physical educa- 
•‘chools. 199; playgrounds. 
« of dangerous com- 

munl^le disease 193 ; professional 
schools. 2o4 ; qualifications of teachers, 
125 ; school boards, 68 ; school bonds. 

buildings. 114; school dis- 
trict offlwrs, 68 ; school taxes. 107 ; State 
board of industrial education, 237-*>4i • 
State superintendent of public Instruc-* 
Uon, authority to review proceedings of'* 
town board lu altering school district. 

; stump-pulling machines for fans- 
demonstration work. 213 ; superlnten/ 
enta, 67 ; teachers* contracts, 136; teaiPh- 
era pensions, 150-164; teachers* sala^es 
137 ; testamentary gifts to schools. 04 • 
township system of school government, 
72; trade schools. 237 ; transportation of 
pupils to school, 169. . 

Wisconsin, University of, legislation 24*‘ • 
terms of^^ents. 246. 

Women, authorized to vote at school eleo- 
tloDB. Kr., 00 ; eli^blllty^o school offices 
WIs,. 24; Employment. ^\r!z., 171-172 
at school electloifc Mich., 61, N 
Dak.. 62 ; widows entlTTed to vote at 
special-tax election, I.a , 01. 

Worcester Polytechnic k.^ritute. Mass., ap- 
propriation. 253. ^ 

^a'**n commissioners, 
^'03; changing name of InatUntlon for 
feeble-minded.^ 271 : school lands. 78 • 
school taxes, 91. 107, 

Wyoming Industriil -Institute, eatnblUh- 
ment, 287. 

"^543**°*’ appropriations, 




% 






BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF EDUCATION. 

[Not*. — With the exceptions indicated, tte ddCumeota named below wjll be aent free 
of charj^ upon application to the' Commissioner or*Edncatlon, Waj^Alngton. D. C. Those 
marked with an aaterlak (•) are no longer ayallable for free distribution, hut may be tutfl 
of the Superintendent of Boenmenta, Government Printing Ofllce. Washington, D. C., upon 
payment of the priw stated. Remittances should be made in coin, currency, or money 
order. Stamps are not accepted. iKK'iiments marked with a dagger (t) are out of print.) 

• ^ ’ !W«. 

tNo. 1 

« 

•No. 2 
•No. .i 


tNo, 1 
•No. 2 

tNo. 3 
tNo. 4 

twla. 

tNo. 1. On the training of persons to teach agriculture In the public schools. Liberty R. 
Hailey. 

•No. 2. I/Ist of puollra Cions of ihe l'n!tt*d Statea Hureau of Education, 1867-1907. 10 cts, 

•No. .1. Htbllography of edncntlon for 1007. James Ingersoll Wyer, and Martha 1^. 
Phe*ft.> 10 ets. 

tNo. 4. Music oducafton In the United States : schools and departments of mnatc, Arthur 
L. Manchester. ^ 

•No. .1. Education In Formosa, Julean II. Arnold. 10 eta, 

•No. 6. The apprenticeship system in its relation to Indnttiisl education. Carroll P. 
Wright. 16 cts, 

•No. 7. Stst^ school systems ; II. Legislation and judicial decisions relating to public 
education, Oct. 1. 1006. to Oct. U. 1908. Edward C. Elliott 30 eta. 

No. 8. Statlstl(^ of State universities *nnd other Institutions of higher education i«r- 
tlnlly supported by the State. 1007 - 8. 


. Education bill of 1900 for England and Wales as it passed the House of Com- 
mons. .Vnna T. Bmltiu I 

. German views of American ' education, with purtlcular reference to' industrial 
development. * William N; IJalHnann. 10 cts. 

. State school systems: Legislation and judicial dectaloDs relating to public educa- 
tion. Oct. 1. 1004, to Oct. 1. 1006. Edward C. Elliott. 15 cts. 

. The continuation school in the United States. Arthur J. Jones. 

. Agricultural -Klucation. Including nature study and school gardens. James R. 
Jewell. 15 cts. 

. The auxiliary schools of (iermany. Six lectures by B. Maennei. 

. The elimination of pupils from school. EdwarB L. Thorndike. 


No. 1, Facilities for stucly and research In the ofllces of the United States Government 
in Washington. Arthur T. Hadley. 

No. 2. Admission of CblncsQ students to American colleges, . Jolm Fryer. 

•No. 3. Dally menls of school children. Caroline L. Hunt. 10 cts. 
tNp. 4, The teaching staff of secondary schools In the United States; amount of educa- 
tion, length of etpertence, salaries, Edward L. Thorndike. 

No. 5. Btatlatics of public, society, and acbool libraries In 1008. 

•No. 6. Instmctlon In the fine and manual arts In the United States. A statistical mono- 
graph, Henry T. Balloy. 15 cts. ■ ' 

No. 7. Index to the Reporta of the Commltsloner of Education, 1867-rl097, 

•Ko. 8. A teacher's professional library* Classified list of 100 titles. 5 cts. 

No. 0. Bibliography of education for 1008-9. 

No. 10, Education for efllclency In railroad, service^ J, Bhirley Eaton. 

•No. 11. Btatlatics of State unlvcrsictes and Other Inatltutlons of blgltcr education par* 
tially supported by Ihe State, 1008-0, 5 cts. 


UlO, , 

No. 1. The ntoremest for reform In. riw teaching of raligloB la the public^ ackoola ^ 
texony. Artsy B. Show; * z' , 

No, 2. Stats achoor ayatema ; in. yjegialation and judicial dsdatons rslatthf to pahile;,v 


n\ 


BULLBTIK Of THE BUREAU OP EDUCATION. 


tNo,^. List of publlcaUoDS of the L'nltcil States Bureau of Educstton, 1B67-1010. 

No. 4. The biological stations of Europe. Cbarles A. Kofold. 

No. S. American achoolboases. Fletcher B. Dresslar. 

tNo.e. Btatlstics of State unlrersltlea and other InsUtutloni of higher education nnr- 
tUMy supported by the State. lOOlV-lO. 


1 


•No. 

No,: 

•No. 

•No. 

•No. 

No. 

•No. 

•No. 

^No. 

tNo. 

tNo. 

•No. 

•No. 

•No. 

. •No. 
No, 
tNo, 
•No. 


No. U». 


Itll. 

Bibliography of scleace teaching. 5 ctH. 

OpportunltJea for graduate study In agriculture iti tbe rnited States A C 
Afonaban. 

Agencies for the Improvement of teachers In service. Will Urn C. ’’uediger. i.*i cts. 
Report of the commission appointed to study the syRtero of education In tbe pub- 
lic schools of Baltimore. 10 cts. 

Age and grade cenaua of scht^Ms and colleges. George D. Strnyer. 10 cts. 
Graduate work In mathematics In universities and In other InRtttutlons of like 
grade In tbe Tnlted States. 

Undergradunte work In mathematics In colleges and universities. 5 cts! 
Examinations In mathematics, other than those set by the teacher for his own 
classes. 5 cts. ■ « 

Mathematics In the technological schools of collegiate grade in the I'nltcd States 
Bibliography of education for 1000-10. 

Bibliography of child study for the •years 1008-0. 

Training of teachers of elementary-'and secondary matbemattes. .1 cts. 
Mathematics In the elemenury schools of the Tnlted SUtes. 15 cts. 

Provision for exceptional children In the public schools. J. n. Van Sickle, Llght- 
ner Wltmer, and Leonard P. Ayres. 10 cts. 

Educational aystem of China aa recently reconstructed. Harry E. King. 15 cts. 
Mathematics In the public and private secondary schools of the Tnlted States. 
List of publications of the Tnlted States Bnreaii of Education, October. 1011 
Teachers' certificates issued under general Btste laws and regulatlona. Ilnrlaii 
Updegraff. 20 cts. 

Statistics of State universities and other Instltutlona of higher edumtion par 
tially supported by the State. 1910-11. ^ 


Fred Miitcbter 


10 cts. 


\ 


1912. 

•No. 1. course of ’study for the propa ration of rural-school teachers, 
and W. J. Craig. 6 cts. 

•No. 2. Mathematics at West Point and Annapolis. 5 eta. 

Na 3. Report of committee oo un|form records and reports. 

No, 4. Mathematics In technical secondary schools In the United States. 

•No. 3. A study of expenses of city school systems, flarlan Updegraff. 

•No. 6, Agrlc^tural education In secondary schools. 10 eta. ’ 

No. 7. Bdncatlonal statiis fkf nursing, M, Adelaide Nutting. 
tNo. 8. Peace day. Psnnie'Ferh Andrews, [Later publication. 1013, No 12.1 
No. 0. Country schools for dty boys. William S. Myers. 

•No. 10. Blbltogrsphy of education In agricniture and homo economIcH. lO cts. 
tNo. 11. Current educational tMlca, No. I. 

fN6. 12. tHitch fchoola of Ne|k Netberland and colonial New York. William II. Kil- 
patrick. A 

•No, lA Influences tending to Improve ttie work of the teacher of mathematics. 5 cts. 
♦No. 14. Report of the American comfulsstoners of the International comrolaslon on the 
teaching of mathematics. lO cts. 
tNo> lA CtUTsnt cducattonal topics. No. II. 

•N 0 . 1 A The reorganised school playground. Henry 8. Cnrtls. 5 cts. • 

•No. IT. The Uontessorl system of educatlonr Anna T. Smith, 5 cts. 

♦No. 18. Teaching language through agrlculhire and domestic science. M. A, Tvetper. 
^ 6 cte. •. 

♦No. 18. ProftsiUlikal dUtrfhutlon of college and onlverslty graduates. Bailey B. Burritt. 
10 eta. ■ 

Baad|otta(Stt of a rural high school to tiie needs of thir* eommuUity. II. A. 
* ** * " Brown. 10 cts. „ 

- ^Na. Uthsn and rural common-school statlfctt^ Harlan Updwraff und William u. 

. ' ' 4,. t Hood.* Sets. 

. PnhUc and.pHYat^ 

J* tthrarlw In tbs UnltM atatsn W. Onwsoo lohnstoo and 




BULLBTIK OF THB BUBEAU OF EDUCATIOK. 


m 


No. 24. 
tNo. 26. 
INo. 26. 
No. 27. 
•.No. 28. 
29. 

No. -30. 
.No. 31. 
No. 32. 
tNo. 33. 


Current educational toi»lc«, No. III. 

List of publicatlooa of the United Statea Bureau of Education. 1912. 
Bibliography of child atudy for the years 1910-11. 

History of public school education In Arkanstf^. Stephen B. Weeks. 

Culttratlng school grounds In Wake County, N. r. Bebulon Judd. 6 eta. 
Bibliography of the teaching of mathematics. 1000-1912. Uarld Eugene Bmith 
and t'harlpM Ooldzlher. lo rts. 

Latln-Amerlcan universities and specia*! acbools. Edgar E. Brandon 
Educational dlri^rtory, 1012. 

Bibliography of eiceptlonal children and their edutaUon. Arthur MacDonald. 
StatUtlcs of State universities and other Institutions of higher education nar- 
tlaily supported by the State. 1912. 

' 1911. 

No. 1. Monthly n'cord of current educational puhileations. January. 191.3 

«»'»■» for '•“'■'>1 teaclKT., A. O.'Mon.ban ond R. H. Wri({ht. 0 ct» 

•>o. J. The teaching of modern languagea In the I nlled Statea. Cbarlea H. nandachin 
16 cts. 

VNo. 4, Present atandanU of IiIkImt educntlon In the I nlted Statea. Oeorge K. Maclaesn 
20 cts. 

‘ No. 5. Monthly r»‘cor(f of current educational publications. Kebniarv 1!H.3 
•aNo.6. Agycuitural Instruction In high miooln. C. II. Iloblson and F. B. .leuks. lu cts 
No. 7. Coilrge entrance requirements. Clarence D. Klngslev. l.> cts 
•aNo.8. The status of rural education In the I.nlted States. *A. C. Monahan. 15 cti 
No. 9. Consular reports on continuation schoola In rrussU, 

No. 10. Monthly record of current e?lucatlonai publications, March, 191.3., 

No. 11. Monthly record of current ediicntlonal publications, April, 1913 
•*No. 12. The promotion of peace. Fannie Fern Andrews. 10 cts. 

•No. 13. Standarda aijd testa for measuring the efficiency of achoola or systeroa of schools. 

neport of the committee of the Natlonnl Council of Education, George I» 
Strayer. chalrmitn. .> eta. * • 

No. 14. Agricultural instruct Ion In secondary achoois. 

•No. 16. Monthly record of current educational publications. May. 191.3. 5 cts 
•No. 16. Bibliography of medical lo8pe<*tb>n andMiealth sn|>ervision 13 cts 
No. 17. A trade school for glrla. A preliminary Invc^stlgatlon In a typical manufacturing 
city, Worcester. Maas. ... 

.No. 18. The fifteenth . International eongreas nti hygiene und demographv, Fletcher B 
Drosalar. 10 eta. ‘ ^ 

•No. 19. German Industrial eflucallon and Its leRsonn for the l nlle<l States HoImM 
Iteckwltli. l.'i ct.*j. 

No. 20. IlHteracy In the Pnlt^Hl States. 
tNo. 21. Monthly record of current educational publications, June un.q 
No. 22. Bibliography of Industrial, vocational, and trade education 
•No. 2*. Th<t Georgia Club at the State Normal School, Athens. Oa., for the study of rural 
9 aociolo^. E. C. Branson. 10 cts. 

•No. 24. A compaflson of public education In Germany snd in the United sutea Oeora 
Kerachcnslelner. 5 cts. • 

•No. 26. Industrial education In Columbus, Ga. 1(01806 B. Oanlel. 6 cts. 

•No. 26. Good roads arbor day. Susan B. SIpe. 10 cts, 

•No. 27. Triton acboola. a. C. lltll, 10 cts. 

No. 26 . Expressions on education by American statesinen nnd publicists 
No. 29. Accredited secondary schools In the United SUtea, Kendric C. Babc^ ( 

•No. 30. Education to the South. 10 eta. 

•No. 31, Special features In city school systenu, 10 cts. 

No. 32. Educational surrey of Montgomery County, Md. 
tNo.M. Monthly record of current educational publications. ,Septemb<‘r, 1918 
No. 34. Pension systems In •Great Britain. Raymond W. Slea. 

•No. 36. A lUt of hooka suited to a blgb-achool Ubrary. 15 eta. 

No. 80. Buriau of Education for the natlVi^ of Alaska. 

No. 87. Monthly record of current educational publtcaUoua. October. 1913, 

No. 88, Economy of time In education.* 

No.89. ElemenUry InduatHal school of Clereland. Ohio. W. N. Uailmann 
*5®*1?* »own**«* kcbool playground. Henry B. Curtis. 10 cts. 

«<k 41^ Thd reorganlnntloB of educate 

WInthrop college H. B. Bnwm. 10 cti . 

It, olMcmiiec. Koiaiu C. Sroota. 






^ rr ♦ BULLETIN OF TrfBUBEAXron^UCATION. 

*No. 44. Organised health work In HcboulH, E. B. Hoag. 10 cU. 

No. 45. Ifonthlj record of cnrreht educational pnbHcatlona, November, lOltt. 

No. 46. Educatloiial directory. ‘ 

. No. 47. Teaching material In Oovemment puhitcatlons. P. K. Noyea. 

No, 48. School hygiene. W. <?araon Ityan. Jr, ^ 

No. 40. The Karragut School, a Teuneaaee country-life high echool. A.N", Mooahon and 
Adams Plillllpe. 

No. 50. The Fltchbnrg plan of ('ooperatlvc Indiiatrlal education. M. II. McCann. 

V No. 51. Education of the Immigrant. 

/ No. 52. Sanitary acboolhouaea. I.egal r«|ulromeui« In Indiana and Ohio. 

No. M. Monthly record of current oducailonal publlcattona, December. 1013 
No. 64. Cooaular reporta on Indirntrial (duration In Germany. 

^ No. 56. Leglalatlon and judicial declalona relating to education. October 1, 1909. to 

October 1, 1012. Jaraoa C. Uoykin und William K. Hood. 

No. bo. Some auggeatlve features of the Swiss school system. William Knox Tate. 

No. 57. Elemen^-iry educatloo In England, with special reference to I.ondon. Liverpool, 
and Mancbe^r. I, L. Kandel. 

No. 58. Educational s^em of rural IVnmurk. Harold W. Foght. 

No. 50. Bibliography of education for inio-] i. 

No. 60. Statistics of State unlverslllca and other Institutions of higher education par- 
tlnlly supported by the State. I912-i;i 

1914. 

No. 1. Monthly record of xurreat t'ducatlonni pitbl lea t Iona. January, 1914. 

No. 2, Compulsory school nttendance. 

_ No, .3. Monthly record of cuirent educatiumil publlcstlons, February, 1914. 


¥ 


O