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About Google Book Search Google's mission is to organize the world's information and to make it universally accessible and useful. Google Book Search helps readers discover the world's books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web at |http: //books .google .com/I I DOCUMENH OPT. 1 — "4 THE GONSmumM OF THE STAH OF NEW MEXKO. ADOPTED BY THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION HELD AT^ SANTA FE, N. M., PROM OCTOBER 3 TO NOVEMBER 21, 1910, AND AS AMENDED NOVEMBER 6th, 1911, AND NOVEMBER 6, 1912. Prepared for Publication, in English i^nd Spanish, by Secretary of State. I. . • - , • • » • - • • Santa Fb, N. M April, 1914. THE CONSnTUnON OF THE STATE OF NEW MEIOCO. Edicion Revisada de la Constitucion de Nuevo Mexico Obsequio a usted por Secretario de Estado * * It < ■' ' ' Santa Fk, N. M April, 1914. Sec. 3. The people of the state have the sole and exclu- . fliTe right to govern themselves as a free, sovereign and in- Jtopendent state. Sec. 4. All persons are bom equally free, and have certain natural, inherent and inalienable rights, among which are Uie rights of enjoying and defending life and liberty, of ac- ^uirincr, possessing and protecting property, and of seeking mad obtaining safety and happiness. Sec. 5. The rights, privileges and immunities, civil, poli- tical and religious,guaranteed to the people of New Mexico by Hie treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo shall be preserved inviolate. Sec. 6. The i)eople have the right to bear arms for their security and defense, but nothing herein shall be held to permit the carrying of concealed weapons. Sec, 7. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall never be suspended, unless, in case of rebellion or invasion^ «lie public safety requires it. Sec. 8, All elections shall be free and open, and no power, rivil or military, shall at any time interfere to prevent the free exercise of the right of suffrage. Sec. 9. The military shall always be in strict subordina iSon, to the civil power; no soldier shall in time of peace be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war except in the manner prescribed by law. Sec. 10. The people shall be secure in their persons, papers, homes and effects, from unreasonable searches and aeisures, and no warrant to search any place, or seize any person or thing, shall issue without describing the place to be searched, or the persons or things to be seized, nor with- imt a written showing of probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation. Sec. 11. Every man shall be free to worship God accord- u%g to the dictates of his own conscience, and no person shall «rer be molested or denied any civil or political right or privilege on account of his religious opinion or mode of relig- Jons worship. No person shall be required to attend any place of worship or support any religious sect or denomina^ tion; nor shall any preference be given by law to any ious denomination or mode of worship. Sec. 12. The right of trial by jury as it has heretofors existed shall be secure to all and remain inviolate. In aK cases triable in courts inferior to the district court the jary may consist of six. The legislature may provide that ver- dicts in civil cases may be rendered by less than a unanimous vote of the jury. Sec, 13. All persons shall be bailable by sufllcient sureties, except for capital offenses when the proof is evident or the presumption great. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive lines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punisbh ments inflicted. Sec. 14. No person shall be held to answer for a capital, felonious or infamous crime unless on a presentment or in- dictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the mili- tia when in actual service in time of war or public danger- In all criminal prosecutions the accused shall have the right to appear and defend himself in person, and by counsel; to demand the nature and cause of the accusation; to be con- fronted with the witnesses against him; to have the charge and testimony interpreted to him in a language that he under- stands; to have compulsory process to compel the attendance of necessary witnesses in his behalf, and a speedy public trial by an impartial jury of the county or district in which the offence is alleged to have been committed. Sec. 15. No person shall be compelled to testify against himself in a criminal proceeding, nor shall any person be twice put in jeopardy for the same offense; and when the indictment, information or affidavit upon which any person, is convicted charges different offenses or different degreei^ of the same offense and a new trial is grauted the accused, he may not again be tried for an offense or degree of the of- fense greater than the one of which he was convicted. Sec. 16, Treason against the state shall consist only in levying war against it, adhering to its enemies, or giving: them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of 6 treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confessitm in open court. r Sec. 17. Every person may freely speak, write and publish Ids sentiments on all subjects, being responsible for the abuse of that right; and no law shall be passed to restrain or abridge the liberty of speech or of the press. In all criminal prosecutions for libels, the truth may be given in evidence to the jury; and if it shall appear to the jury that the matter charged as libelous is true and was published with good moHves and for justifiable ends, the party shall be acquitted. Sec. 18. No person shall be deprived of lifCi liberty or property without due process of law; nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of the laws. Sec. 19. No ex-post-facto law, bill of attainder, nor law impairing the obligation of contracts shall be enacted by the legislature. Sec. 20. Private property shall not be taken or damaged fcr public use without just compensation. Sec. 21. No person shall be imprisoned for debt in any civil action. Sec. 22. No distinction shall ever be made by law between zesident aliens and citizens in regard to the ownership or descent of property. Sec. 23. The enumeration in this constitution of certain lights shall not be construed to deny, impair or disparage titfaers retained by the people. ARTICLE III. DISTRIBUTION OF POWERS, Section 1. The powers of the government of this state are i^vided into three distinct departments, the Legislative, Ex- ecutive and Judicial, and no person or collection of persons charged with the excercise of powers properly belonging to cne of these departments,shall excercise any powers properly l)elonging to either of the others, except as in this constitu- tion otherwise expressly directed or permitted. ARTICLE IV. LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT. Section 1. The legislative power shall be vested in a senate and house of representatives which shall be designated the Legislature of the State of New Mexico, and shall hold itrf sessions at the seat* of government. The people reserve the power to disapprove, suspend and annul any law enacted by the legislature, except general ap- propriation laws; laws providing for the preservation of the public peace, health or safety; for the payment of the public debt or interest thereon, or the creation or funding of the same, except as in this constitution otherwise provided; for the maintenance of the public schools or state institutions; and local or special laws. Petitions disapproving any law other than those above excepted, enacted at the last preced- ing session of the legislature, shall be filed with the secretary of state not less than four months prior to the next general election. Such petitions shall be signed by not less than ten per centum of the qualified electors of each of three-fourth^ of the counties and in the aggregate by not less than ten per centum of the qualified electors of the state, as shown by the total number of votes cast at the last preceding general elec- tion. The question of the approval or rejection of such law shall be submitted by the secretary of state to the electorate at the next general election; and if a majority of the legal votes cast thereon, and not less than forty per centum of the total number of legal votes cast at such general election, be cast for the rejection of such law, it shall be annulled and thereby repealed with the same effect as if the legislature had then repealed it, and such repeal shall revive any ]aw repealed by the act so annulled; otherwise, it shall remain in force unless subsequently repealed by the legislature. If such petition or petitions be signed by not less than twenty- five per centum of the qualified electors under each of the foregoing conditions, and be filed with the secretary of state within ninety days after the adjournment of the session of 8 .the legislature at which such law was enacted, the operation thereof shall be thereupon suspended and the question of its approval or rejection shall be likewise submitted to a vote at .the next ensuing general election. If a majority of the votes cast thereon and Hot less than forty per centum of the total number of votes c6st at such general election be cast for its rejection, it shall be thereby annulled; otherwise, it shall go into effect upon publication of the certificate of the secretary of state declaring the result of the vote thereon. It shall be a felony for any person to sign any such petition with any name other than his own, or to sign his name more than once for the same measure, or to sign such petition when he is not a qualified elector in the county specified in such petition; provided, that nothing herein shall be construed to pohibit the writing thereon of the name of any i)erson who cannot write, and who signs the same with his mark. The legisla- ture shall enact laws necessary for the effective exercise of the power hereby reserved. Sec. 2. In addition to the powers herein enumerated, the legislature shall have all powers necessary to the legislature of a free state. Sec. 3. The senate shall consist of twenty-four, and the house of representatives of forty-nine members, who shall be qualified electors of their respective districts and residents of New Mexico for at least three years next preceding their election. Senators shall not be less than twenty-five years,and representatives not less than twenty-one years of age at the time of their election. No person shall be eligible to the legislature who, at the time of quq.lifying, holds any office of trust or profit under the state, county or national govern- ment, except notaries public and officers of the militia who receive no salary. Sec, 4. Members of the legislature shall be elected as follows: Senators for the term of four years, and members of the house of representatives for the term of two years. They shall be elected on the day provided by law for holding the general election of state officers or representatives in 9 congress. Vacancies in either house shall be filled by an election at a time to be designated by the governor. Sec. 5. The first session of the legislature shall begin at twelve o'clock, noon, on the day specified in the proclama- tion of the governor. Subsequent sessions shall begin at twelve o'clock, noon, on the second Tuesday of January next after each general election. No regular session shall exceed sixty days, except the first, which may be ninety days, and no special session shall exceed thirty days. Sec. 6. Special sessions of the legislature may be called by the governor, but no business shall be transacted except such as relates to the objects specified in his proclamation. Sec. 7, Each house shall be the judge of the election and qualifications of its own members. A majority of either house shall constitute a quorum to do business, but a less number may effect a temporary organization, adjourn from day to day, and compel the attendance* of absent members Sec. 8. The senate shall be called to order in the hall of the senate by the lieutenant-governor. The senate shall elect a president pro tempore who shall preside in the absence of the lieutenant-governor and shall serve until the next session of the legislature. The house of representatives shall be called to order in the hall of said house by the secretary of state. He shall preside until the election of a speaker, who shall be the member receiving the highest number of votes for that office. Sec. 9. The legislature shall choose its own officers and emnloyes and fix their compensation, but the number and compensation shall never exceed the following: For each house, one chaplain at three dollars per day; one chief clerk and one sergeant-at-arms, each at six dollars per day; one as- sistant chief clerk and one assistant sergeant-atarms,each at five dollars per day; two enrolling clerks and two reading clerks, each at five dollars per day; six stenographers for the senate and eight for the house, each at six dollars per day; and such subordinate employes in addition to the above as they may require, but the aggregate compensation of such 10 additional employes shall not exceed twenty dollars per day for the senate and thirty dollars per day for the house. Sec. 10. Each member of the legislature shall receive as compensation for his services the sum of five dollars for each day's attendance during each session and ten cents for each mile traveled in going to and returning from the seat of gov- ernment by the usaal traveled route, once each session, and he shall receive no other compensation, perquisite or allow- ance. Sec. 11. Each house may determine the rules of its pro- cedure, punish its members or others for contempt or dis- orderly behavior in its presence, and protect its members against violence;aiid may, with the concurrence of two- thirds of its members, expel a member, but not a second time for the same act. Punishment for contempt or disorderly be- havior or by expulsion shall not b^ a bar to criminal prose- cution. Sec. 12. All sessions of each house shall be public. Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and the yeas and nays on any question shall, at the request of one-fifth of the members present, be entered thereon. The original thereof shall be filed with the secretary of state at the close of the session, and shall be printed and published under his authority. Sec. 13. Members of the legislature shall, in all cases ex- cept treason, felony and breach of the peace, be priviliged from arrest during their attendance at the sessions of their respective houses, and on going to and returning from the same, And they shall not be questioned in any other place for any speech or debate or for any vote east in either house. Sec, 14. Neither house shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, Sundays excepted; nor to any other place than that where the two houses are sitting; and on the day of the final adjournment they shall adjourn at twelve o'clock, noon. Sec. 15. Nolawshallbepassedexceptby bill,andnobill shall be so altered or amended on its passage through either house 11 as to change its original purpose. The enacting clause of all bills shall be: "Be it enacted by the legislature of the State of New Mexico." Any bill may originate in either house. No bill, except bills to provide for the public peace, health and safety, and the codification or revision of the laws, shall become a law unless it has been printed, and read three dif- ferent times in each house,not more than two of which read- ings shall be on the same day, and the third of which shall be in full. Sec 16. The subject of every bill shall be clearly express- ed in its title, and no bill embracing more than one subject shall be passed except general appropriation bills and bills for the codification or revision of the laws; but if any subject is embraced in any act which is not expressed in its title,only so much of the act as is not so expressed shall be void. Ge- neral appropriation bills shall embrace nothing but appro- priations for the expense of the executive, legislative and judiciary departments, interest, sinking funds, payments on the public debt, public schools, and other expenses required by existing laws; but if any such bill contain any other mat- ter, only so much thereof as is hereby forbidden to be placed therein shall be void. All other appropiations shall be made by separate bills. Sec. 17. No bill shall be passed except by a vote of a ma- jority of the members present in each house, nor unless on its final passage a vote be taken by yeas and nays, and enter- ed on the journal. Sec. 18. No law shall be revised or amended, or the provi- sions thereof extended by reference to its title only; but each section thereof as revised, amended or extended shall be set out in full. Sec. 19. No bill for the appropriation of money, except for the current expenses of the government, and no bill for the increase of compensation of any officer, or for the creation of any lucrative office, shall be introduced after the tenth day prior to the expiration of the session, as provided herein,except by unanimous consent of the house in which it is introduced . 12 No bill shall be acted upon at any session unless introduced at that session. Sec. 20. Immediately after the passage of any bill or re- solution, it shall be enrolled and engrossed, and read publicly in full in each house, and thereupon shall be signed by the presiding officers of each house in open session, and the fact of such reading and signing shall be entered on the journal. No interlineation or erasure in a signed bill, shall be effective, unless certified thereon in express terms by the presiding officer of each house quoting the words interlined or erased, nor unless the fact of the making of such interlineation or erasure be publicly announced in each house and entered on the journal. Sec. 21. Any person who shall, without lawful authority, materially change or alter, or make away with, any bill pend- ing in or passed by the legislature, shall be deemed guilty of a felony and upon conviction thereof shall be punished by im- prisonment in the penitentiary for not less than one year nor more than five years. Sec. 22. Every bill passed by the legislature shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the governor for approval. If he approve, he shall sign it, and deposit it with the secre- tary of state; otherwise, he shall return it to the house in which it originated, with his objections, which shall be enter- ed at large upon the journal; and such bill shall not become a law unless thereafter approved by two- thirds of the mem- bers present and voting in each house by yea and nay vote entered upon its journal, ..\ny bill not returned by the gov- ernor within three days, Sundays excepted, after being pre- sented to him, shall become a law, whether signed by him or not, unless the legislature by adjournment prevent such return. Every bill presented to the governor during the last three days of the session shall be approved or disapprov- ed by him within six days after the adjournment, and shall be by him immediately deposited with the secretary of state. Unless so approved and signed by him such bill shall not become a law. The governor may in like manner approve or 13 disapprove any part or parts, item or items, of any bill ap- propriating money, and such parts, or items approved shall become a law, and such as are disapproved shall be void, unless passed over his veto, as herein provided. Sec. 23. Laws shall gp into effect ninety days after the adjournment of the legislature enacting them, except general appropriation laws, which shall go into effect immediately upon their passage and approval. Any act necessary for the preservation of the public peace, health or safety, shall take effect immediately upon its passage and approval, provided it be passed by two-tiiirds vote of each house and such neces- sity be stated in a separate section. Sec. 24. The legislature shall not pass local or special laws in any of the following cases: Regulating county, precinct or district affairs; the jurisdiction and duties of justices of the peace, police magistrates and constables; the practice hi courts of justice; the rate of interest on money; the punish- ment for crimes and misdemeanors; the assessment or col- lection of taxes or extending the time of collection thereof; the summoning and impanelling of jurors; the management of public schools; the sale or mortgaging of real estate of minors or others under disability; the change of venue in civil or criminal cases. Nor in the following cases: Granting divorces; laying out, opening, altering or working roads or high way 8,except as to state roads extendinginto more than one county,and military roads; vacating roads, town plats,streets, alleys or public grounds; locating or changing county seats, or changing county lines, except in creating new counties; incorporating cities, towns or villages or changing or amend- ing the charter of any city, town or village; the opening or conducting of any election or designating the place of voting; declaring any person of age; chartering or licensing ferries, toll bridges, toll roads, banks, insurance companies, or loan and trust companies; remitting fines, penalties, forfeitures or taxes; or refunding money paid into the state treasury, or relinquishing, extending or extinguishing, in whole or in part, any indebtedness or liability of any person or corporation,to 14 the state or any municipality therein; creating:, increasing or decreasins: fees< percentages or allowances of public oi!icers; chaiQging the laws of descent; granting to any corporation, association or individual the right to lay down railroad tracks or any special or exclusive privilege, * immunity or franchise, or amending existing charters for such purpose; changing the rules of evidence in any trial or inquiry; the limitation of actions; giving effect to any informal or invalid deed, will or other instrument; exempting property from taxation; restoring to citizenship any person convicted of an infamous crime; the adoption or legitimizing of children; changing the name of persons or places; and the creation, extension or impairment of liens. In every other case where a general law can be made applicable, no special law shall be enacted. Sec. 25. No law shall be enacted legalizing the unauthoriz- ed or invalid act of any officer, remitting any fine, penalty or judgment against any officer, or validating any illegal use of public funds. Sec. 26. The legislature shall not grant to any corporation or person, any rights, franchises, privileges, immunities or exemptions, which shall not, upon the same terms and under like conditions, inure equally to all persons or corporations; no exclusive right, franchise, privilege or immunity shall be granted by the legislature or any municipality in this state. Sec 27. No law shall be enacted giving any extra compen- sation to any public officer, servant, agent or contractor after services are rendered or contract made; nor shall the com- pensation of any officer be increased or diminished during his term of office, except as otherwise provided in this cons- titution. Sec. 28. No member of the legislature shall, during the term for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office in the state, nor shall he within one year thereafter be ap- pointed to any civil office created, 6r the emoluments of which were increased during such term; nor shall any member of the legislature during the term for which he was elected nol: 15 Tvithin one year thereafter, be interented directly or indirectly in any contract with the state or any municipality thereof, which was authorized by any law passed during such term. Sec* 29. No law authorizing indebtedness shall be enacted which does not provide for levying a tax sufficient to pay the interest) and for the payment at maturity of the principal. Sec. 30. Except interest or olher payments on the public debt, money shall be paid out of the treasury only upon ap- propriations made by the legislature. No money shall be paid therefrom except upon warrant drawn by the proper officer. Every law making an appropriation shall distinctly specify the sum appropriated and the object to which it is to be applied. Sec. 31. No appropriation shall be made for charitable, educational or other benevolent purposes to any person, corporation, association, institution or community, not under the absolute control of the state, but the legislature may, in its discretion, make appropriations for the charitable insti- tutions and hospitals, for the maintenance of which annual appropriations were made by the Legislative Assembly of nineteen hundred and nine. Sec. 32. No obligation or liability of any person, associa- tion or corporation, held or owned by or owing to the state, or any municipal corporation therein, shall ever be exchanged, transferred, remitted, released, postponed, or in any way diminished by the legislature, nor shall any such obligation or liability be extinguished except by the payment thereof into the proper treasury, or by proper proceeding in court. Sec. 33. No person shall be exempt from prosecution and punishment for any crime or offenses against any law of this state by reason of the subsequent repeal of such law. Sec 34, No act of the legislature shall affect the right or remedy of either party, or change the rules of evidence or procedure, in any pending case. Sec 35. The sole power of impeachment shall be vested in the house of representative^, and a concurrence of a ma- jority of all the members elected shall be necessary to the 16 proper exercise thereof. All impeachments shall be tried by the senate. When sitting for that pupose the senators shall be under oath or affirmation to do justice according to the law and the evidence. When the governor or lieutenant- goyernor is on trial, the chief justice of the supreme court shall preside. No person shall be convicted without the con- currence of two thirds of the senators elected. Sec. 36. All state officers and judges of the district court shall be liable to impeachment for crimes, misdemeanors and malfeasance in office, but judgment in such cases shall not extend further than. removal from office and disqualification to hold any office of honor, trust or profit, or to vote under the laws of this state; but such officer or judge, whether con- victed or acquitted shall, nevertheless, be liable to prosecu- tion, trial, judgment, punishment or civil action according to law. No officer shall exercise any powers or duties of his office after notice of his impeachment is served upon him until he is acquitted. Sec. 37. It shall not be lawful for a member of the ligisla- tureto use a pass, or to purchase or receive transportation over any railroad upon terms not open to the general public; and the violation of this section shall work a forfeiture of the office. Sec. 88. The legislature shall enact laws to prevent trusts, monopolies and combinations in restraint of trade. Sec. 39. Any member of the legislature who shall vote or use his influence for or against any matter pending in either house in consideration of any money, thing of value, or pro- mise thereof, shall be deemed guilty of bribery; and any mem- ber of the legislature or other person who shall directly or indirectly oflEer, give or promise any money, thing of value, privilege or personal advantage, to any member of the legis- lature to influence him to vote or work for or against any matter pending in either house; or any member of the legis- lature who shall solicit from any person or corporation any money, thing of value or personal advantage for his vote or influence as such member shall be deemed guilty of solicita- tion of bribery. 17 Sec. 40. Any person convicted of'any of the offenses men- tioned in sections thirty-seven and thirty-nine hereof, shall be deemed guilty of a felony and upon conviction shall be punished by fine of not more than one thousand dollars or by imprisonment in the penitentiary for]Inot less than one nor more than five years. Sec. 41. Any person may be compelled to testify in any lawful investigation or judicial proceeding against another charged with bribery or solicitation of bribery as defined herein, and shall not be permitted to withhold his testimony on the ground that it might incriminate or subject him to public infamy; but such testimony shall not be used against him in any judicial proceeding against him except for perjury in giving such testimony. APPORTIONMENT. Until changed by law as hereinafter provided, the ligisla- tive districts of the state shall be constituted as follows: SENATORIAL DISTRICTS. First, The county of San Miguel, one senator. Second. The counties of San Miguel and Mora, one sena- tor to be. a resident of Mora County and to be elected by the electors of Mora and San Miguel counties. Third. The counties of Guadalupe and San Miguel, one senator. Fourth. The county of Rio Arriba, one senator. Fifth. The counties of Bernalillo, San Juan and Sandoval, one senator. Sixth, The counties of Rio Arriba and Sandoval, one se- nator. Seventh, The county of Bernalillo, one senator. Eighth. The county of Colfax, one senator. Ninth. The counties of Union and Colfax, one senator, to be & resident of Union county, and to be elected by the qua- lified electors o¥ Union and Colfax counties. Tenth, ^e county of Santa Fe, one senator. 2 20 of the executive department, except the lieutenant-governor, shall, durins: thier terms of oifice, reside and and keep the public records, books, papers and seals of office at the seat of government. Sec 2. The returns of every election for state officers shall be sealed up and transmitted to the secretary of state, who, with the governor and chief justice, shall constitute the state canvassing board which shall canvass and declare the result of the election. The person having the highest num- ber of votes for any office, as shown by said returns, shall be declared duly elected. If two or more have an equal and the highest number of votes for the same office, one of them shall be chosen therefor by the legislature on joint ballot. Sec 3. No person shall be eligible to any office specified in section one, hereof, unless he be a citizen of the United States, at least thirty years of age, nor unless he shall have resided continuously in New Mexico for five years next pre- ceding his election; nor to the office of attorney-general, un- less he be a licensed attorney of the supreme court of New- Mexico in good standing; nor to the office of superintendent of public instruction unless he be a trained and experienced educator. Sec. 4. The supreme executive power of the state shall be vested in the governor, who shall be take care that the laws be faithfully executed. He shall be commander-in-chief of the military forces of the state* except when they are cal- led into the service of the United States. He shall have power to call out the militia to preserve the public peace, execute the lawis, suppress insurrection and repel invasion. Sec. 5. The governor shall nominate, and, by with and the consent of the senate, appoint all officers whose appointment or electidh is not otherwise provided for, and may remove any officer appointed by him for incompetency, neglect of duty or malfeasance in office. Should a vacancy occur In toy state office, except lieutenaht-governor and member of the legislatur6,*the governor ^hall fill such office byappoiritment, and siichitppdfhtee sliall hold "oifice until thie tfeit 'general n el^j^(^^ \jfh^ his succ^j^or slxaJ,! be Qhq^^ t<^ the rji^ex^^^- 3ec. 6. Subject to such regulations as may b^ prescribed by law, the governor shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons, after conviction for all offenses except treason and in case of impeachment. Sec, 7. In case of a vacancy in the office of governor, the lieutenant-governor shall succeed to that office, and to all the powers, duties and emoluments thereof. In case the gov- ernor is absent from the state, or is for any reason unable to perform his duties, the lieutenant-governor shall act as gov- ernor, with all the powers, duties and emoluments of that office until such disability be removed. In case there is no lieutenant-governor, or in case he is for any reason unable to perform the duties of governor, then the secretary of state or, in case there is no secretary of state, or he is for any reason unable to perform the duties of governor, then the president pro tempore of the senate, shall succeed to the of- fice of governor, or act as governor as hereinbefore provid- ed. Sec. 8. The lieutenant-governor shall be president of the senate, but shall vote only when the senate is equally devid- ed. Sec. 9. Each officer of the executive department and of the public institutions of the state shall keep an account of all moneys received by him and make reports thereof to the governor under oath, annually, and at such other times as the governor may require, and shall, at least thirty days preceding each regular session of the legislature, make a full and complete report to the governor, who shall transmit the same to the legislature. Sec. 10. There shall be a state seal which shall be called the ''Great Seal of the State of New Mexico,'' and shall be kept by the secretary of state. Sec. 11. All commissions shall issue in the name of the state, be signed by the governor and attested by the secreta- ry of stajbe, who 9haU ftffix the state sesf.1 thereto. 22 Sec. 12. The annual compensation to be paid to the officers mentioned in section one of this article shall be as follows : Governor^ five thousand dollars; secretary of state, three thousand dollars; state auditor, three thousand dollars; state treasurer, three thousand dollars; attorney-j?eneral, four thousand dollars; superintendent of public instruction, three thousand dollars, and commissioner of public lands, three thousand dollars; which compensation shall be paid to the respective officers in equal quarterly payments. The lieutenant-governor shall receive ten dollars per diem while acting as presiding officer of the senate, and mileage at the same rate as a state senator. The compensation herein fixed shall be full payment for all services rendered by said officers and they shall receive no other fees or compensation whatsoever. The compensation of any of said officers may be increased* or decreased by law after the expiration of ten years from the date of the admission of New Mexico as a state. Sec. 13. All district, county, precinct and municipal of- ficers, shall be. residents of the political subdivisions for which they are elected or appointed. ARTICLE VI. JUDICIAL. DEPARTMENT. Section. 1. The judicial power of the state shall be vested in the senate when sitting as a court of impeachment, a su- preme court, district courts; probate courts, justices of the peace, and such courts inferior to the district courts as may be established by law from time to tinae in any county or municipality of the state, including juvenile courts. Sec. 2, The appellate jurisdiction of the supreme court shall be coextensive with the state^ and shall extend to all final, judgments and decisions of the district courts,and said court shall have such appellate jurisdiction of interlocutory orders and decisions of the district courts as may be confer- red by law. Sec. 3, The supreme court shall have original jurisdic- 23 tion in quo warranto and mandamus against all state officers^ boards and commissions, and shall have a superintending^ control over all inferior courts; it shall also have power to issue writs of mandamus, error, prohibition, habeas corpus, certiorari, injunction and all other writs necessary or proper for the complete exercise of its jurisdiction and to hear and determine the same. Such writs may be issued by direction of the court, or by any justice thereof. Each justice shall have power to issue writs of habeas corpus upon petition by or on behalf of a person held in actual custody, and to make such writs returnable before himself or before the supreme court, or before any of the district courts or any judge there- of. Sec. 4. The supreme court of the state shall consist of three justices, who shall be elected at the general election for representatives in congress for a term of eight years. At the first election for state officers after the adoption of this constitution, there shall be elected three justices of the supreme court, who shall immediately qualify and classify themselves by lot, so that one of them shall hold office until four years, one until six years, and one until eight years, from and after the first day of January, nineteen hundred and thirteen. A certificate of such classification shall be filed in the office of the secretary of state. Until otherwise provided by law, the justice who has the shortest term to serve shall be the chief justice and shall preside at all sessions of the courts; and in his absence the justice who has the next shortest term to serve shall preside; but no justice appointed or elected to fill a vacancy shall be chief justice. Sec. 5. A majority of the justices of the supreme court shall be necessary to constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, and a majority of the justices must concur in any judgment of the court. Sec. 6. When a justice of the supreme court shall be inte- rested in any case^ or be absent, or incapacitated, the re- maining justices of the court may, in their discretion, call in any district judge of the state to act as justice of the court. 24 Sec. 7. The supreme court shall hold one term eaeh yenr » commenciog on the second Wednesday in January, svnd shall be at all times in session at the seat of government; provided, that the court may, from time to time, take such receigs as in its judgment may be proper. Sec, 8. No person shall be qualified to hold the ofKce of justice of the supreme court unless he be at least thirty years old, learned in the law, and shall have been in the actual practice of law and resided in this state or the Territory of New Mexico, for at least three years. Any person whose time of service upon the bench of any district court of this state or the Territory of New Mexico, added to the time he may have practiced law, as aforesaid, shall be equal to three years shall be qualified without having practiced for the full three years. Sec 9. The supreme court may appoint and remove at pleasure its reporter, bailiff, clerk and such other officers and assistants as may be prescribed by law. Sec. 10. After the publication of the census of the United States in the year nineteen hundred and twenty, the ligisla- ture shall have power to increase the number of justices of the supreme court to five; provided, however, that no more than two of said justices shall be elected at one time, except to fill a vacancy. Sec. 11. The justices of the supreme court shall each re- ceive an annual salary of six thousand dollars, payable quar- terly. Sec. 12. The state shall be divided into eight judicial dis- tricts, and a judge shall be chosen for each district by the qualified electors thereof at the election for representatives in congress. The terms of offi3e of the district judges shall be six years. Sec. 13. The district court shall have original jurisdiction in all matters and causes not excepted in this constitution, and such jurisdiction of special cases and proceedings as may be conferred by law, and appellate jurisdiction of all cases originating in inferior courts, and supervisory control over the aame, The dis^tirict eqiirts, mi tribuQala ii^ their r^^- pective districts, or any judge thereof, ^hallhave power to issue writs of habeas corpus, mandamus, injunction, quo warranto,certiorari,prohibition, and all other writs, remedial or otherwise in the exercise of their jurisdiction; provided , that no such writs shall issue directed to judges or courts of equal or superior jurisdiction. The district courts shall also have the power of naturalization in accordance with the laws of the United States. Until otherwise provided by law, at least two terms of the district court shall be held annually in each county, at the county seat. Sec, 14. The qualifications of the district judges shall be the same as those of justices of the supreme court. Each district judge shall reside in the. district for which he was elected. Sec. 15, Any district judge may hold district court in any county at the request of the judge of such district. Whenever the public business may require, the chief jus- tice of the supreme court shall designate any district judge of the state to hold court in any district, and two or more district judges may sit in any district or county separately at the same time. If any judge shall be disqualified from hearing any cause in the district, the parties to such cause, or their attorneys of record, may select some member of the bar to hear and determine said cause, and act as judge pro tempore therein. Sec. 16. The legislature may increase the number of dis- trict judges in any judicial district, and they shall be elected as other district judges. At its first session after the publi- cation of the census of the United Stjites in the year nineteen hundred and twenty, and at the first session after each United States census thereafter, the legislature may rearrange the districts of the state, increase the number thereof, and make provision for a district ji;idge for any additional district. Sec. 17. Each judg^ of the district court shall receive an a^^ual salary of four thousand fl^e hundred dollar9, payable qjRf rt?riy by the sti^te. 26 • Sec. 18. No jadge of any court nor justice of the peace shall, except by consent of all parties, sit in the trial of any cause in which either of the parties shall be related to him by affinity or consanguinity within the degree of first cousin, or in which he was counsel, or in the trial of which he pre- sided in any inferior court, or in which he has an interest. Sec. 19. No judge of the supreme or district courts shall be nominated or elected to any other than a judicial office in this state. Sec. 20. All writs and processes shall issue, and all pro- secution shall be conducted in the name of '*The State of New Mexico." Sec. 21. Justices of the supreme court in the state, dis- trict judges in their respective districts and justices of the peace in their respective counties, shall be conservators of the peace. District judges and justices of the peace may hold preliminary examinations in criminal cases. Sec. 22. Until otherwise provided by law, a county clerk shall be elected in each county who shall, in the county for which he is elected, perform all the duties now performed by the clerks of the district courts and clerks of the probate courts. Sec 23. A probate court is hereby established for each county, which shall be a court of record, and, until otherwise provided by law, shall have the same jurisdiction as is now exercised by the probate couris of the Territory of New Mexico. The legislature shall have power from time to time to confer upon the probate court in any county in this state, general civil jurisdiction coextensive with the county ;provided, however, that such court shall not have jurisdiction in civil causes in which the matter in controversy shall exceed in value one thousand dollars, exclusive of interest; nor in any action for malicious prosecution, divorce and alimony, sland- er and libel; nor in any action against officers for misconduct in office, nor in any action for the specific performance of contracts for the sale of real estate; nor in any action for the possession of land; nor in any matter wherein the title or 27 boundaries of land may be in dispute or drawn in question nor to grant writs of injunction, habeas corpus or extraodi- nary writs. Jurisdiction may be conferred upon the judges of said court to act as examining and committing magistrates in criminal cases, and upon said courts for the trial of mis* demeanors in which the punishment cannot be imprisonment in the penitentiary, or in which the fine cannot be in excess of one thousand dollars. A jury for the trial of such cases shall consist of six men. Any civil or criminal case pending in the probate court, in which the probate judge is disqualified, shall be transfer- red to the district court of the same county for trial. Sec. 24. There shall be a district attorney for each judi- cial district, who shall be learned in the law, and who shall have been a resident of New Mexico for three years next prior to his election, shall be the law officer of the state and of the counties within his district, shall be elected for a term of four years, and shall perform such duties and receive such salary as may be prescribed by law. The legislature shall have the power to provide for the election of additional district attorneys in any judicial dis- trict and to designate the counties therein for which the district attorney shall serve; but no district attorney shall be elected for any district of which he is not a resident. Sec. 25. The state shall be dii^ided into eight judicial dis- tricts, as follows: First District. The counties of Santa Fei Rio Arriba and San Juan. Second District. The counties of Bernalillo, McKinley and Sandoval. Third District. The counties of Dona Ana, Otero, Lincoln and Torrance. Fourth District. The counties of San Misnael, Mora and Guadalupe. Fifth District. The counties of Eddy, Chaves, Roosevelt and Curry. Sixth District. The counties of Grant and Luna. S9 « SevefttU DJi^tei,ct. The oowljiM ojE ^oQwrg^ NfalQ^ci^^ 9^i Sierra* Eighth District. The counties^ of Ta^» Colfax, Union and Quay. In case of the creation of new counties the lesrislature shall have power to attach them to any contiguous district for judicial purposes. Sec. 26. Justices of the peace, police magistrates and constables shall be elected in and for such precincts or dis- tricts as are or may be provided by law. Such justices and police magistrates shall not have jurisdiction in any matter in which the title to real estate or the boundaries of land may be in dispute or drawn in qu3stion or in which the debt or sum claimed shall be in excess of two hundred dollars ex- clusive of interest. Sec. 27. Appeals shall be allowed in all cases from the final judgments and decisions of the probate courts and jus- tices of the peace to the district courts, and in all such ap- peals trial shall be had de novo unless otherwise provided by law, ARTICLE VII. ELECTIVE FRANCHISE Section 1. Every male citizen of the United States, who is over the age of twenty-one years? and has resided in New Mexico twelve months, in the county ninety days, and in the precinct in which he offers to vote thirty days, next presed- ing the election, except idiots, insane persons, persons con- victed of a felonious or infamous crime unless restored to political rights, and Indians not taxed, shall be qualified to vote at all elections for public officers. All school elections shall be held at different times from other elections. Women possessing the qualification^ prescribed in this section for male electors shall be qualified electors at all such school elections; provided that if a majority of the qualified voters of any school district shall, not less than thirty days before any school election, present i^ petitiou t^Q t^e bpaird of CQa4||y 29 commissioners against women suffrage in such district, the provisions of this section relating to women suffrage shall be suspended therein, and such provision shall become again operative only upon the filing with said board of a petition signed by a majority of the qualified voters favoring the res- toration thereof. The board of county commissioners shall certify the suspension or restoration of such suffrage to the proper school district. The legislature shall have the power to require the regis- tration of the qualified electors as a requisite for voting, and shall regulate the manner, time and places of voting. The legislature shall enact such laws as will secure the secrecy of the ballot, the purity of elections and guard against the abuse of elective franchise. Not more than two members of the board of registration and not more than two judges of election shall belong to the same political party at the time of their appointment. Sec. 2. Every male citizen of the United States who is a legal resident of the state and is a qualified elector therein, shall be qualified to hold any public office in the state, except as otherwise provided in this constitution; provided, however, that women possessing the qualifications of male electors prescribed in paragraph one of this article shall be qualified to hold the office of county school superintendent, and shall also be eligible for election to the office of school director or members of a board of education. Sec. 3. The right of any citizen of the state to vdte, hold office, or sit upon juries, shall never be restricted, abridged or impaired on account of religion, riice, language or color, or inability to speak, read or write the English or Spanish languages except lis ttiay be otherwise provided in this cons- titution; and the provisioEis bf this sectidn and of section diife 6f thfe article ishitll never be Amended e:*cet>t tfpon a vote of the people of thiis staite fn aii election 'dit wbidhat le^st thf^e fourth's of 'the felectbrs vbting itiiihe 'wHote state, and ait least tWo-thirdfe of t^osfe vbliinfe in*ed.dh bOttnty of ^he%tate, yjiill votfe idt^^cJh'fcte^tt^tffeiil; 30 Sec. 4. No person shall be deemed to have acquired or lost residence by reason of his presence or absence while employed in the service of the United States or of the state, nor while a student at any school. Sec. 5. All elections shall be by ballot, and the person who receives the highest number of votes for any office shall be declared elected thereto. ARTICLE VIII. TAXATION AND REVENUE. Section 1. The rate of taxation shall be equal and uniform upon all subjects of taxation. Sec. 2. The legislature shall have power to provide for the levy and collection of license, franchise, excise, income, col- lateral and direct-inheritance, legacy and succesion taxes; also graduated income taxes, graduated collateral and direct- inheritance taxes, graduated legacy and succesion taxes, and other specific taxes, including taxes upon the production and output of mines, oil lands and forests; but no double taxation shall be permitted. Sec. 3. The enumeration of subjects of taxation in section two of this article shall not deprive the legislature of the p6wer to require other subjects to be taxed in such manner as may be consistent with the principles of taxation fixed in this constitution. Sec. 4. There shall be levied annually for state revenue a tax not to exceed four mills on each dollar of the assessed valuation of the property in the state, except for the support of the educational, penal and charitable institutions of the state, payment of the state debt and interest thereon. For the first two years after this constitution goes into effect the total annual tax levy for aU state purposes exclusive of neces- sary levies for the state debt shall not exceed twelve mills; and thereafter it shall not exceed ten mills. Sec. 5. A state board of equalization is hereby created which shall consist of the governor, traveling auditor, state auditor, secretary of state and attorney-general. Until 31 otherwise provided, said board shall have and exercise all the powers now vested in the territorial board of equalization. Sec. 6. The legislature shall have no power to release or discharge any county, city, town, school district or other municipal corporation or subdivision of the state, from its proportionate share of taxes levied for any purpose. Sec. 7. The property of the United States, the state and all counties, towns, cities and school districts, and other municipal corporations, public libraries, community ditches and all laterals thereof , all church property, all property used for educational or charitable purposes, all cemeteries not used or held for private or corporate profit, and all bonds of the State of New Mexico, and of the counties, municipalities and districts thereof shall be exempt from taxation. Sec, 8. The power to license and tax corporations and corporate property shall not be relirTquished or suspended by the state or any subdivision thereof; provided, that the legislature may, by general law, exempt new railroads from taxation for not more than six years, from and after the completion of any such railroad and branches; such railroad being deemed to be completed for the purpose of taxation as to any operative division thereof, when the same is opened for business to the public; and new sugar factories, smeltersi reduction and refining works, and pumping plants for ir- rigation purposes, and irrigation works, for not more than six years from and after their establishment. Sec. 9. All property within the territorial limits of the authority levying the tax, and subject to taxation, shall be taxed therein for state, county, municipal and other purpos- es; provided, that the state board of -equalization shall deter- mine the value of all property of railroad, express, sleeping- car, telegraph, telephone and other transportation or trans- mission companies, used by such companies in the operation of their railroad, express, sleeping-car, telegraph, or tele- phone lines, or other transportation or transmission lines, and shall certify the value thereof as so determined to the county and municipal taxing authorities. 82 Sec. 10. Any public officer making any profit out of the puplic moneys, or using the same for any purpose not autho- rized by law, shall be deemed guilty of a felony and shall be punished as provided by law, and shall be disqualified to hold public office. All public moneys not invested in interest bearing securities shall be deposited in national banks in this state or in banks or trust companies incorporated under the laws of the state, and the interest derived therefrom shall be applied in the manner prescribed by law. Sec. 11. The legislature may exempt from taxation prop- erty of each head of a family to the amount of two hundred dollars. Sec. 12. Lands held in large tracts shall not be assessed for taxation at any lower value per acre than lands of the same character or quality" and similarly situated, held in smaller tracts. The plowing of land shaU not be considered as adding value thereto for the purpose of taxation. Sec. 13. No execution shall issue upon any judgment rendered against the board of county commissioners of any county, or against any city, incorporated town or village, school district or board of education; or against any officer of any county, city, school district or board of education, upon any judgment recovered against him in his official ca- pacity and for which the county, city, incorporated town or village, school district or board of education, is liable, but the same shall be paid out of the proceeds of a tax levy as other liabilities of counties, cities, incorporated towns or villages, school districts or boards of education, and when so collected shall be paid by the county treasurer to the judg- ment creditor. ARTICLE IX. STATE, COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL. INDEBTEDNESS. Section 1. The state hereby assumes the debts «ind liabili- ties of the Territory of New Mexico, and the debts of the counties thereof which were valid and subsisting on June twentieth, nineteen hundred and ten, and pledges its f^ith 33 and credit for the payment thereof. The legislature shall, at its first session, provide for the payment or refunding thereof by the issue and sale of bonds, or otherwise. Sec. 2. No county shall be required to pay any portion of the debt of any other county so assumed by the state, and the bonds of Grant and Santa Fe counties which were vali- dated, approved and confirmed by act of congress of January sixteenth, eighteen hundred and ninety-seven, shall be paid as hereinafter provided. ^ Sec. 3. The bonds authorized by law to provide for the payment of such indebtedness shall be issued in three series, as follows: Serie ^ A, To provide for the payment of such debts and liabilities of the Territory of New Mexico. Series B. To provide for the payment of such debts of said counties. Series C. To provide for the payment of the bonds and accrued interests thereon of Grant and Santa Pe counties which 'were validated, approved and confirmed by act of congress, January sixteenth, eighteen hundred and ninety- seven. Sec. 4. The proper officers of the state shall, as soon as practicable select and locate the one million acres of land granted to the state by congress for the payment of the said bonds of Grant and Santa Pe counties, and sell the same or sufficient thereof to pay the interest and principal of the bonds of Series C issued as provided in section three hereof. The proceeds of rentals and sales of said land shall be kept in a separate fund and applied to the payment of the interest and principal of the bonds of Series 0. Whenever there is not sufficient money in said fund to meet the interest and sink- ing fund requirements therefor, the deficiency shall be paid out of any funds of the state not otherwise appropriated, and shall be repaid to the state or to the several counties which may have furnished any portion thereof under a general levy, out of the proceeds subsequently received of rentals and sales of said lands* 3 34 Any raoney received by the state from rentals and sales of said lands in excess of the amounts required for the pur- pose above mentioned shall be paid into the current and permanent school funds of the state respectively. Sec. 5. The legislature shall never enact any law releas- ing any county, or any of the taxable property therein, from its obligation to pay to the state any moneys expended by the state by reason of its assumption or payment of the debt of such county. Sec. 6. No law shall ever be passed by the legislature validating or legalizing, directly or indirectly, the militia warrant alleged to be outstanding against the Territory of New Mexico, or any portion thereof; and no such warrant shall be prima facie or conclusive evidence of the validity of the debt purporting to be evidenced thereby or by any other militia warrant. This provision shall not be construed as authorizing any suit against the state. Sec. 7. The state may borrow money not exceeding the sum of two hundred thousand dollars in the aggregate to meet casual deficits or failure in revenue, or for necessary expenses. The state may also contract debts to suppres in- surrection and to provide for the public defense. Sec, 8. No debt other than those specified in the preced- ing section shall be contracted by on or behalf of this state, unless authorized by law for some specified work or object; which law shall provide for an annual tax levy sufficient to pay the interest and to provide a sinking fund to pay the principal of such debt within fifty years from the time of the contracting thereof. No such law shall take effect until it shall have been submitted to the qualified electors of the state and have received a majority of all the votes cast there- on at a general election; such law shall be published in full in at least one newspaper in each county of the state, if one be published therein, once each week, for four successive weeks next preceding such election. No debt shall be so created if the total indebtedness of the state, exclusive of the debts of the territory, and the several counties thereof , assumed by 35 the state, would thereby be made to exceed one per centum of the assessed valuation of all the property subject to tax- ation in the state as shown by the preceding general assess- ment. Sec. 9.* Any money borrowed by the state, or any county, district, or municipality thereof, shall be applied to the pur- pose for which it was obtained, or to repay such loan, and to no other purpose whatever. Sec. 10. No county shall borrow money except for the purpose of erecting necessary public building or construct- ing or repairing public roads and bridges, and in such cases only after the proposition to create such debt shall have been submitted to the qualified electors of the county who paid a property tax therein during the preceding year and approv- ed by a majority of those voting herein. No bonds issued for such purpose shall run for more than fifty years. Sec. 11. No school district shall borrow money, except for the purpose of erecting and furnishing school buildings or purchasing school grounds, and in such cases only when the proposition to create the debt shall have been submitted to the qualified electors of the district, and approved by a majority of those voting thereon. No school district shall ever become indebted in an amount exceeding six per centum on the assessed valuation of the taxable property within such school district, as shown by the preceding general assess- ment. Sec. 12. No city, town or village shall contract any debt except by an ordinance, which shall be irrepealable until the indebtedness therein provided for shall have been fully paid or discharged, and which shall specify the purposes to which the funds to be raised shall be applied, and which shall pro- vide for the levy of a tax, not exceeding twelve mills on the dollar upon all taxable property within such city, town or village, sufficient to pay the interest on, and to extinguish the principal of, such debt within fifty years. The proceeds of such tax shall be applied only to the payment of such in- terest and principal. No such debt shall be created unless 36 the question of incurring the same shall, at a regular election for councilmen, aldermen or other officers of such city, town or village, have been submitted to a vote of such qualified electors thereof as have paid a property tax therein during the preceding year, and a majority of those voting on the question, by ballot deposited in a separate ballot box, shall have voted in favor of creating such debt. Sec. 13. No county, city, town or village shall ever become indebted to an amount in the aggregate, including existing indebtedness, exceeding four per centum on the value of the taxable property within such county, city, town or village, as shown by the last preceding assessment for state or county taxes; and all bonds or obligations issued in excess of such amount shall be void; provided, that any city, town or village may cont^ract debts in excess of such limitation for the con- struction or purchase of a system for supplying water, or of a sewer system, for such city, town or village. Sec. 14. Neither the state,nor any county, school district, or municipality, except as otherwise provided in this consti- tution, shall directly or indirectly lend or pledge its credit, or make any donation to or in aid of any person, association or public or private corporation, or in aid of any private en- terprise for the construction of any railroad; provided, noth- ing herein shall be construed to prohibit the state or any county or municipality from making provision for the care and maintenance of sick and indigent persons. Sec. 15. Nothing in this article shall be construed to prohibit the issue of bonds for the purpose of paying or re- funding any valid state, county, district, or municipal bonds and it shall not be necessary to submit the question of the issue of such bonds to a vote as herein provided. ARTICLE X. COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL. CORPORATIONS. Section 1. The legislature shall at its first session classify the counties and fix salaries for all county officers, which shall also apply to those elected at the first election under 37 this constitution. And no county officer shall receive to his own use any fees or emoluments other than the annual sala- ry provided by law, and all fees earned by any officer shall be by him collected and paid into the treasury of the county. Sec. 2. All county officers shall be elected for a term of four years and no county officer, except the county clerk and probate judge, shall, after having served one full term be elierible to hold any county office for four years thereafter. Sec. 3. No county seat, where there are county buildings, shall be removed unless three-fifths of the votes cast by qual- ified electors on the question of removal at an election called and held as now or hereafter provided by law, be in favor of such removal. The proposition of removal shall no^ be sub- mitted in the same county of tener than once in eight years. ARTICLE XI, CORPORATIONS OTHER THAN MUNICIPAL. Section 1. A permanent commission to consist of three members is hereby created, which shall be known as the '*State Corporation Commission." Sec. 2. The members of the commission shall be elected for the term of six years; provided, that those chosen at the first election for state officers shall immediately qualify and classify themselves by lot, so that one of them shall hold of- fice until two years, one until for years and one until six years from and after January first, nineteen hundred and thirteen; and thereafter one commissioner shall beelected.at each general election. Sec. 3. No officer, agent or employe of any railway, ex- press, telegraph, telephone, sleeping-car, or other transpor- tation or transmission company, while representing such company, nor any person financially interested therein, shall hold office as a member of the commission, or perform any of the duties thereof, and no commissioner shall be qualified to act upon' any matter pending before the commission, in which he is interested, either as principal, agent or attorney. Sec. 4. The commission shall annually elect one of its 38 members chairman and shall have one clerk, and such other officers, assistants and subordinates as may be prescribed by law, all of whom shall be appointed and subject to removal by the commission. The commission shall prescribe its own rules of order and procedure, except so far as specified in this constitution. The attorney-general of the state, or his legally authorized representative, shall be the attorney for the commission. Sec. 5. The legislature shall provide suitable quarters for the commission, and funds for its lawful expenses, including necessary traveling expenses, witness fees and mileage and costs of executing process issued by the commission or the supreme court or the district courts. The salary of each commissioner shall be three thousand dollars per annum, payable quarterly. Sec. 6. Subject to the provisions of this constitution, and of such requirements, rules and regulations as may be pres- cribed by law, the state corporation commission shall be the department of government through which shall be issued all charters for domestic corporations and amendments or extensions thereof, and all licenses to foreign corporations to do business in this state;and through which shall be carried out all the provisions of this constitution relating to corpo- rations and the laws made in pursuance thereof. The commis- sion shall prescribe the form of all reports which may be required of corporations by this constitution or by law, and shall collect, receive and preserve such reports, and annually tabulate and publish them. All fees required by law to be paid for the filling of articles of incorporation, reports and other documents, shall be collected by the commission and paid into the state treasury. All charters, papers and docu- ments relating to corporations on file in the office of the se- cretary of the territory, the commissioner of insurance and all other territorial offices, shall be transferred to the office of the commission. Sec. 7, The commission shall have power and be charged with the duty of fixing, determining, supervising, regulating 39 and controlling all charges and rates of railway, express, telegraph, telephone, sleeping-car, and other transportation and transmission companies and common carriers within the' state; to require railway companies to provide and maintain adequate depots, stock-pens, station buildings, agents and facilities for the accommodation of passengers and for receiv- ing and delivering freight and express; and to provide and maintslin necessary crossings, culverts and sidings upon and along-sides of their road-beds, whenever in the judgment of the commission the public interests demand, and as may be reasonable and just. The commission shall also have power and be charged with the duty to make and enforce reasonable and just rules requiring the supplying of cars and equipment for the use of shippers and passengers and to require all interstate railways, transportation companies or common carriers, to provide such reasonable safety appliances in connection with all equipment, as may be necessary and proper for the safety of its employes and the public, and as are now or may "be required by the federal laws, rules and regulations governing interstate commerce. The commission shall have power to change or alter such rates, to change, alter or amend its orders, rules, regulations or determina- tions, and to enforce the same in the manner prescribed herein; provided, that in the matter of fixing rates of tele- phone and telegraph companies, due consideration shall be given to the earnings, investment and expenditure as a whole within the state. The commission shall have power to sub- poena witnesses and enforce their attendance before the commission, through any district court of the supreme court of the state, and through such court to punish for contempt; and it shall have power, upon a hearing, to determine and decide any question given to it herein, and in case of failure or refusal of any person, company or corporation to comply with any order within the time limit therein, unless an order of removal shall have been taken from such order by the company or corporation to the supreme court of this state, it shall immediately become the duty of the commis- 40 sion to remove such order, with the evidence adduced upon the hearing, with the documents in the case to the supreme court of this state. Any company, corporation or common carrier which does not comply with the order of the commis- sion within the time limited therefor, may tile with the com- mission a petition to remove such cause to the supreme court* and in the event of such removal by the company, corporation or common carrier, or other party to such hearing, the su- preme court may, upon application in its discretion, or of its own motion, require or authorize additional evidence to be tiken in such cause; but in the event of removal by the com- mission, upon failure of the company, corporation or common carrier, no additional evidence shall be allowed. The supreme court, for the consideration of such causes arising hereunder, shall be in session at all times, and shall give precedence to such causes. Any party to such hearing before the commis- sion, shall have the same right to remove the order entered therein to the supreme court of the state, as given under the provisions hereof to the company or corporation against which such order is directed. In addition to the other powers vested in the supreme court by this constitution and the laws of the state, the said court sha'l have the power and it shall be its duty to decide such cases on their merits, and carry into effect its judgments, orders and decrees made in such cases, by fine, forfeiture, mandamus, injunctioa and contempt or other appropriate proceedings. Sec. 8. The commission shall determine no question nor issue any order in relation to the matters specified in the preceding section, until after a public hearing held upon ten days'notce to the parties concerned, except incase of default after such notice. Sec- 9. It is hereby made the duty of the commissioners to exercise constant diligence in informing themselves of the rates and charges of transportation and transmission com- panies and common carriers engaged in the transportation of passengers and property from points in this state to points 41 beyond its limits, and from points in other states to points in this state; and, whenever it shall come to the knowledge of the commission, by complaint or in any other manner,that the rate charged by any transportation or transmission •company or common carrier, on interstate business is unjust, excessive or unreasonable, or that such rates discriminate against the citizens of the state, and in the judgment of the commission such complaint is well founded and the public welfare involved, the commission shaU institute and prose- cute to a final determination before the interstate commerce <*.ommission or commerce court, or any lawful authority hav- ing jurisdiction in the premises, such proceedings as it may deem expedient to obtain such relief as conditions may re- quire. Sec. 10. No transportation or transmission company or common carrier shall charge or receive any greater compen- sation, in the aggregate, for the transportation as interstate commerce of passengers,or a like kind of property, or for the transmission of the same kind of message, between points in this state, for a shorter than a longer distance over the same line or route in the same direction, the shorter being included within the longer distance; but this section shall not be construed as authorizing any such company or com- mon carrier to charge or receive as great compensation for a shorter as for a longer distance; provided, that telegraph and telephone companies may, in certain cases, with the ap- proval of the commissioQ, base their charges upon the air- line distance instead of the distances actually traveled by the messages. The commission may from time to time authorize any such company or common carrier to disregard the fore- going provisions of this section, by charging such rates as the commission may prescribe as just and equitable between such company or common carrier and the public, to or from any junction or competitive points, or localities,or where the competition of points located without or within this state may necessitate the prescribing of special rates for the pro- tection of the commerce of this state, or in cases of general 42 epidemics, pestilence, calamitous visitations and other ex- igencies. This section shall not apply to mileage tickets or to any special excursion or Commutation rates; nor to special rates for services rendered in the interests of any public or charitable object, when such tickets or rates shall have been prescribed or authorized by the commission, nor shall it apply to special rates for services rendered to the United States or this state. Sec. 11. The commission shall have the right at all times- to inspect the books, papers and records of all such compa- nies and common carriers doing business in this state, and' to require from such companies and common carriers from^ time to time special reports and statements, under oath, concerning their business. The commissioners shall have the pov7er to administer oaths and to certify to their official acts. Sec. 12. No corporation in existence at the time of the adoption of this constitution shall have the benefit of any future legislation, nor shall any amendment or extension to its charter be granted, until such corporation shall have been filed in the office of the commission an acceptance of the provisions of this constitution; provided, however, that whe- ther or not they file such acceptance, such corporations shall be subject to the provisions of this constitution and the laws- of this state. aENERAL PROVISIONS. Sec. 13. The legislature shall proyide for the orgaaizition of corporations by general law. All laws relating to corpor- ations may be altered, amended or repealed by the legisla- ture, at any time, when necessary for the public gcod and general welfare, and all corporations, doing business in this state, may, as to such business, be regulated; limited or restrained by laws*not in conflict with the constitution of the United States or of this constitution. Sec. 14. The police power of this state is supreme over all corporations as well as individuals. 43 Sec. 15. Every railroad, car or express company, shall respectively receive and transport, without delay or discri- mination, each other's cars, tonnage and passengers* under such rules and regulations as may be prescribed by the com- mission. Sec. 16. All telephone and telegraph lines, operated for hire, shall receive and transmit each other's messages with- out delay or discrimination, and make and maintain connec- tions with each other's lines, under such rules and regula- tions as may be prescribed by the commission. Sec. 17. Any railroad corporation or association organiz- ed for the purpose, shall have the right to construct and operate a railroad between any points within this state or elsewhere, and to connect at the state line or elsewhere with the railroads of other states; and, under such terms, order or permission as may be granted'in each instance by the commission, shall have the right to cause its road to inter- sect, connect with or cross any other railroad. Sec. 18. The right of eminent domain shall never be so abridged or construed as to prevent the legislature from taking the property and franchises of incorporated compa- nies and subjecting them to the public use, the same as the property of individuals. ARTICLE XII. EDUCATION. Section 1. A uniform system of free public schools suf- ficient for the education of, and open to, all the children of school age in the state shall be established and maintained. Sec. 2. The permanent schoDl fund of the state shall con- sist of the proceeds of sales of sections two,sixteen, thirty-two and thirty-six in each township of the state, or the lands sel- ected in lieu thereof; the proceeds of sales of all lands that have been or may hereafter be granted to the state not other- wise appropriated by the terms and conditions of the grant; such portion of the proceeds of sales of lands of the United States within the state as has beea or may be granted by 44 conerress; also all other grants, gifts and devises made to the state the purpose of which is not otherwise specified. Sec 3. The schools, colleges, universities and other edu- cational institutions provided for by this constitution shall forever remain under the exclusive control of the state, and no part of the. proceeds arising from the sale or disposal of any lands granted to the state by congress, or any other funds appropriated, levied or collected for educational pur- poses, shall be used for the support of any sectarian, deno- minational or private school, college or university. Sec. 4. All fines and forfeitures collected under general laws; the net proceeds of property that may come to the state by escheat; the rentals of all schools lands and other lands granted to the state, the disposition of which is not other- wise provided for by the terms of the grant or by act of congress; and the income derived from the permanent school fund, shall constitute the current school fund of the state. The legislature shall provide for the levy and collection of an annual tax upon all the taxable property in the state for the maintenance of the public schools, the proceed of such tax levy to be added to the current school fund above provided for. The current school fund shall be distributed among the school districts of the state in the proportion that the number of children of school age in each district bears to the total number of such children in the state, and shall provide for the levy and collection of additional local taxes for school purposes. A public school shall be maintained for at least five months in each year in every school district in the state. Before making the distribution above provided for, there shall be taken from the current school fund as above created, a sufiicient reserve to be distributed among school districts in which the proceeds of the annual local tax, when levied to the limit allowed by law, plus the regular quota of current school funds allotted to said district,shall not besufiicientfor the maintaining of aschool for the full psriodof five months* and this reserve fund shall be so distributed among such 45 districts as to enable each district to hold school for the said period. Sec. 5. Every child of school age and of sufficient physical and mental ability shall be required to attend a public or other school during such period and for such time as may be prescribed by law. Sec. 6. A state board of education is hereby created, to consist of seven members. It shall have the control, man- agement and direction of all public schools, under such regu- lations as may be provided by law. The governor and the state superintendent of public instruction shall be ez-officio members of said board and the remaining five members shall be appointed by the governor, by and with the consent of the senate; and shall include the head of some state educational institution, a county superintendent of schools, and one other person actually connected with educational work. The le- gislature may provide for district or other school officers, subordinate to said board. Sec. 7. The principal of the permanent school fund shall be invested in the bonds of the State or Territory of New Mexico, or of any county, city, town, board of education or school district therein. The legislature may by three-foprths vote of the members elected to each house provide that said funds may be invested in other interest-bearing securities. All bonds or other securities in which any* portion of the school fund shall be invested must be first approved by the governor, attorney-general and secretary of state. All losses from such funds, however occurring, shall be reimbursed by the state. Sec. 8. The legislature shall provide for the training of teachers in the normal schools or otherwise so that they may become proficient in both the English and Spanish languages, to qualify them to teach Spanish-speaking pupils and stu- dents in the public schools and educational institutions of the state; and shall provide proper means and methods to facili- tate the teaching of the English language and other branches of learning to such pupils and students. 48 Sec. 9. No religious test shall ever be required as a conl dition of admission into the public schools or any educational institution of this state, either asi a teacher or student, and no teacher or student of such school or institution shall ever be required to attend or participate in any religious service whatsoever. Sec. 10, Children of Spanish descent in the State of New Mexico shall never be denied the right and privilege of ad- mission and attendance in the public schools or other public educational institutions of the state, and they shall never be classed in separate schools, bub shall forever enjoy perfect equality with other children in all public schools and educa- tional institutions of the state, and the legislature shall pro- vide penalties for the violation of this section. This section shall never be amended except upon a vote of the people of this state, in an election at which at least three-fourths of the electors voting in the whole state and at least two-thirds of those voting in each county in the state shall vote for such amendment. Sec. !!• The University of New Mexico at Albuquerque, the New Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts near Jjas Cruces, the New Mexico School of Mines at Socorro, the New Mexico Mlitary Institute at Roswell, the New Mex- ico Normal University at Las Vegas, the New Mexico Normal School at Silver City, the Spanish- American School at El Rito, the New Mexico Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb at Santa Fe, and the New Mexico Institute for the Blind at Alamogordo, are hereby confirmed as state educational institutions. The appropriations made and that may hereafter be made to the state by the United States for agricultural and mechanical colleges and experiment stations in connection therewith, shall be paid to the New Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. Sec. 12. All lands granted under the provisions of the act of congress, entitled, *'An Act to enable the people of New Mexico to form a constitution and state government and be admitted into the Union on an eaual footine with the original 47 states; and to enable the people of Arizona to form a consti- tution and state government and be admitted into the Union on an equal footing with the original states," for the purpos- es of said several institutions are hereby accepted and con- firmed to said institutions, and shall be exclusively used for the purposes for wich they were granted; provided, that one hundred and seventy thousand acres of the land granted by said act for normal school purposes are hereby equally appor- tioned between said three normal institutions, and the re- maining thirty thousand acres thereof is reserved for a nor- mal school which shall be established by the legislature and located in ore of the counties of UnioD,Quay, Curry,Roosevelt, Chavez or Eddy. Sec. 13. The legislature shall provide for the control and management of each of said institutions by a board of re- e:ents, for each institution, consisting of five members to be appointed by the governor, by and with the advice and 'con- sent of the senate for a term of four years, and not more than three of whom shall belong to the same political party at the time of their appointment. The duties of said boards shall be prescribed by law. ARTICLE XIII. PUBLIC LANDS. Section 1. All lands belonging to the Territory of New Mexico, and all lands granted, transferred or confirmed to the state by congress, and all lands hereafter acquired, are declare to be public lands of the state to be held or disposed of as may be provided by law for the purposes for which they have been or may be granted, donated or otherwise acquired; provided, that such of school sections two, thirty-two,sixteen and thirty-six as are not contiguous toother state lands shall not be sold within the period of ten years next after the ad- mission of New Mexico as a state for less than ten dollars per acre. Sec. 2. The commissioner of public lands shall select, lo cate. classify, and have the direction, control, care and dis- 48 « position of all public lands, under the provisions of the acts of congress relating!: thereto and such regulations as may be provided by law. ARTICLE XIV. PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS. Section 1. The Penitantiary at Santa Fe, the Miners' Hos- pital of New Mexico at Raton, the New Mexico Insane Asy- lum at Las Vegas and the New Mexico Reform School at Springer, are hereby confirmed as state institutions. Sec. 2. All lands which have been or which may be grant- ed to the state by congress for the purpose of said several institutions are hereby accepted for said several institutions with all other grants, donations or devises for the benefit of the same, and shall be exclusively used for the purpose for which they were or may be granted, donated or devised. S^c. 3. Each of said institutions shall be under the control and management of a board whose title, duties and powers shall be as may be provided b^ law. Eich of said boards shall be composed of five members who shall hold office for the term of four years, and shall be appointed by the gover- nor by and with the consent of the senate, and not more than three of whom shall belong to the same political party at the time of their appointment. ARTICLE XV. AGRICULTURE AND CONSERVATION- Section 1. There shall be a department of agriculture which shall be under the control of the board of regents of the College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts; and the legis- lature shall provide lands and funds necessary for experi- mental farming and demonstrating by said department. Sec- 2. The police power of the state shall extend to such control of private forest lands as shall be necessary for the prevention and suppression of forest fires. 49 ARTICLE XVI. IRRIGATION AND WATER RIGHTS, Section 1. All existing rights to the use of any waters in this state for any useful or beneficial purpose are hereby recognized and confirmed. Sec. 2. The unappropriated water of every natural stream, perennial or torrential, within the State of New Mexico, is hereby declared to belong to the public and to be subject to appropriation for beneficial use, in accordance with the laws of the state. Priority of appropriation shall give the better right. Sec. 3, Beneficial use shall be the basis, the measure and the limit of the right to the use of water. Sec. 4. The legislature is authorized to provide by law for the organization and operation of drainage districts and systems. ARTICLE XVII. MINES AND MINING. Section 1. There shall be an inspector of mines, who shall be appointed by the governor, by and with the advice and consent of the senate, for a term of four years, and whose duties and salary shall be as prescribed by law. Sec, 2. The legislature shall enact laws requiring the proper ventilation of mines, the construction and mainte- nance of escapement shafts or slopes, and the adoption and use of appliances necessary to protect the health and secure the safety of employes therein. No children under the age of fourteen years shall be employed in mines. ARTICLE XVIII, MILITIA. Section 1. The militia of this state shall consist of all able- bodied male citizens between the ages of eighteen and forty- five, except such as are exempt by laws of the United States 50 or of this state. The organized militia shall.be called the **National Guard of New Mexico,'* of which the governor shall be the commander-in-chief. Sec. 2. The legislature shall provide for the organization, discipline and equipment of the militia, which shall conform as nearly as practicable to the organization, discipline and equipment of the regular army of the United States,and shall provide for the maintenance thereof. ARTICLE XIX. (As amended by the people Nov, 7, 1911,) AMENDMENTS. Section 1. Any amendment or amendments to this consti- tution may be proposed in either house of the legislature at any regular session thereof; and if a majority of all members elected to each of the two houses voting separately shall vote in favor thereof, such proposed amendment or amend- ments shall be entered on their respective journals with the yeas and nays thereon. The secretary of state shall cause any such amendment or amendments to be published in at least one newspaper in every county of the State, where a newspaper is published once each week, for four consecutive weeks, in English and Spanish when newspapers in both of said languages are pub- lished in such counties, the last publication to be not more than two weeks prior to the election at which time said amendment or amendments shall be submitted to the elec- tors of the State for their approval or rejection; and the said amendment or amendments shall bevoted upon at the next regular election held in said State after the adjournment of the legislature proposing such amendment or amendments, or at such special election to be held not less than six months after the adjournment of said legislature, at such time as said legislature may by law provide. If the same be rati- fied by a majority of the electors voting thereon such amend- ment or amendments shall become part of this constitution. 51 If two or more amendments are proposed, they shall be so submitted as to enable the electors to vote on each of them separately: Provided^ That no amendment shall apply to or affect the provisions of sections one and three of Article VII hereof, on elective franchise, and sections eight and ten of Article XII hereof, on education, unless it be proposed by vote of three-fourths of the members elected to each house and be ratified by a vote of the people of this State in an election at which at least three-fourths of the electors voting in the whole State and at least two-thirds of those voting in each county in the Sate shall vote for such amendment. Sec. 2. Whenever, during the first twenty- five years after the adoption of this constitution, the legislature, by a three- fourths vote of the members elected to each house, or, after the expiration of said period of twenty-five years, by a two- thirds vote of the members elected to each house, shall deem it necessary to call a convention to revise or amend this consti- tution, they shall submit the question of calling such conven- tion to the electors at the next general election, and if a ma- jority of all the electors voting on such question at said elec- tion in the State shall vote in favor of calling a convention the legislature shall, at the next session, provide by law for calling the satne. Such convention shall consist of at least as many delegates as there are members of the house of re- presentatives- The constitution adopted by such convention shall have no validity until it has been submitted to and rati- fied by the people. Sec. 3. If this constitution be in any way so amended as to allow laws to be enacted by direct vote of the electors the laws which may be so enacted shall be only such as might be enacted by the legislature underthe provisions of this consti- tution. Sec. 4. When the United States shall consent thereto, the legislature, by a majority vote of the members in each house, may submit to the people the question of amending any pro- vision of Article XXI of this constitution on compact with the United States to the extent allowed by the act of con- 52 gress permittiDg the same, and if a majority of the qualified electors who vote upon any such amendment shall vote in favor thereof, the said article shall be thereby amended ac- cordingly. Sec 5. The provisions of section one of this article shall not be changed, altered or abrogated in any manner except through a general convention called to revise this constitu- tion as herein provided. ARTICLE XX. MISCELLANEOUS, Section 1, Every person elected or appointed to any of&ce shall, before entering upon his duties, take and subscribe to an oath or affirmation that he will support the Constitution of the United States and the constitution and laws of this state, and that he will faithfully and impartially discharge the duties of his office to the best of his ability. Sec. 2. Every officer, unless removed, shall hold his office until his successor has duly qualified. Sec. 3. The term of office of every state, county or district officer, except those elected at the first election held under this constitution, and those elected to fill vacancies, shall commence on the first day of January next after his election. Sec. 4. If a vacancy occur in the office of district attorney, judge of the supreme or district court, or county commis- sioner, the governor shall fill such vacancy by appointment, and such appointee shall hold such office until the next gen- eral election. His successor shall be chosen at such elec- tion and shall hold his office until the expiration of the origin- al term. Sec. 5. If, while the senate is not in session, a vacancy occur in any office the incumbent of which was appointed by the governor by and with the advice and consent of the se- nate, the governor shall appoint some qualified person to fill the same until the next session of the senate; and shall then appoint by and with the advice and consent of the senate 53 some qualified person to fill said office for the period of the unexpired term. Sec. 6, General elections shall be held in the state on the Tuesday after the first Monday in November in each evea numbered year. Sec, 7. The returns of all elections for officers who are chosen by the electors of more than one county shall be can- vassed by the county canvassing board of each county as to the vote within th3ir respective counties. Said board shall immediately certify the number of votes received by each candidate for such office within such county, to the state canvassing board herein established, which shall canvass and declare the result of the election. Sec. 8. In the event that New Mexico is admitted into the Union as a state prior to the Tuesday next after the first Mon- day in November in the year nineteen hundred and twelve, and if no provision has been made by the state legislature there Eor, an election shall be held in the state on the said Tuesday next after the first Monday in November, nineteen hundred and twelve, for the election of presidential electors; and such election shall be held as herein provided for the ele.ction upon the ratification of this constitution, and the re- turns thereof made to, and canvassed and certified by, the state canvassing board as herein provided in case of the elec- tion of state officers. Sec. 9. No officer of the state who receives a salary shall accept or receive to his own use any compensation, fees, al- lowance, or emoluments for or on account of his office,in any form whatever, except the salary provided by law. Sec. 10. The legislature shall enact suitable laws for the regulation of the employment of children. Sec. 11. Women may hold the office of notary public and such other appointive offices as may be provided by law. -^ Sec. 12. For the first twenty years after this constitution goes into effect all laws passed by the legislature shall be published in both the Bnglish and Spanish languages and j thereafter such publication shall be made as the legislature-^ may provide. Sec. 13. The use of wines solely for sacramental pur- poses under church authority at any place within the state shall never be prohibited. Sec. 14. It shall not be lawful for the governor, any mem- ber of the state board of equalization, any member of the cor- poration commission, any judge of the supreme or district court, any district attorney, any county commissioner or any county assessor, during his term of office to accent, hold or use any free pass; or purchase, receive or accept transporta- tion over any railroad within this state for himself or his family upon terms not open to the general public; and any person violating the provisions hereof shall, upon conviction in a court of competent jurisdiction, be punished as provided in sections thirty-seven and forty of the article on legislative department in this constitution. See. 15. The penitentiary is a reformatory and an indus- trial school and all persons confined therein shall, so far as consistent with discipline and the public interest, be employ- ed in some beneficial industry; and where a convict has a de- pendent family, his net earnings shall be paid to said family if necessary for their support. Sec. 16. Every person, receiver or corporation owning or operating a railroad within this stite shall be liable in dam- ages for injury to or the death of, any person in its employ, resulting from the negligence, in whole or in part, of said owner or operator or of any of the officer3,agents or employes thereof, or by reason of any defect or insufficiency, due to its negligence, in whole or in part, in its cars, engines, ap- pliances, machinery, track, roadbed, works or other equip- ment. An action for negligently causing the death of an employe as above provided shall be maintained by the executor or ad- ministrator for the benefit of the employe's surviving widow or husband and children; or if none, then his parents; or if none, then the next of kin dependent upon said deceased. The amount recovered may be distributed as provided bylaw. Any contract or agreement made in advance of such injury 55 with B,h employe waiving of liitoiting any right tb recovei* such damages sh^U be void. This pi^ovisibn sh&ll i3ot be construed to affect the provi- sions of section two of article twenty- two of this constitution, bein^ the article upon Schedule, Sec. 17. There shall be a uniform system of textbooks for the public schools which shall not be changed more than once in six years. Sec, 18, The leasing of couvict ]ab3r by the state is here- by prohibited. Sec. 19. Eight hours shall constitute a day's work in all cases of employment by and on behalf of the state or any county or municipality thereof. Sec. 20. Any person held by a committing magistrate to await the action of the grand jury on a charge of felony or* other infamous crime, may in open court with the consent of the court and the district attorney; to be entered upon the record, waive indictment and plead to au information in the form of an indictment filed by the district attorney, and further proceedings shall then be had upon said information with like force and effect as though it were an indictment duly returned by the grand jury. ARTICLE XXI. COMPACT WITH THE UNITED STATES. In compliance with the requirements of the act of congress, entitled, *'An Act to enable the people of New Mexico to form a constitution and state government and be admitted into the Union on an equal footing with the original states; and to enable the people of Arizona to form a coastitution aad state government and be admitted into the Union on an equal foot- ing with the original states," approved June twentieth, nine- teen hundred and ten, it is hereby provided: Section 1. Perfect toleration of religious sentiment shall be secured, and no inhabitant of this state shall ever be mo- lested. m person or property on account of his or her mode o-f 56 religious worship. PolyRamoas or plaral marriaeresj poly- gamous cohabitation, and the sale, barter, or giving of intox- icating liquors to Indians, the introduction of such liquors into the Indian country, which term shall also Include all lands owned or occupied by the Pueblo Indian s of New Me- xico on the twentieth day of June, nineteen hundred and ten, or which are occupied by them at the time of the admission of New Mexico as a state, are forever prohibited. Sec. 2. The people inhabiting this state do agree and de- clare that they forever disclaim all right and title to the un- appropriated and ungranted public lands lying within the boundaries thereof, and to all lands lying within said bound- aries owned or held by any Indian or Indian tribes, the right or title to which shall have been acquired through the United States, or any prior sovereignty; and that until the title of such Indian or Indian tribes shall have been extinguished, the same shall be and remain subject to the disposition and under the absolute jurisdiction and control of the Congress of the United States; that the lands and other property be- longing to citizens of the United States residing without this state shall never be taxed at a higher rate than the lands and other property belonging to residents thereof; that no taxes shall be imposed by this state upon lands or property there- in belonging to or which may hereafter be acquired by the United States or reserved for its use; but nothing herein shall preclude this state from taxing as other lands and pro- perty are taxed, any lands and other property outside of an Indian reservation, owned or held by any Indian, save and except such lands as have been granted or acquired as afore- said, or as may be granted or confirmed to any Indian or Indians under any act of congress; but all such lands shall be exempt from taxation by this state so long and to such extent as the Congress of the United States has precribed or may hereafter prescribe. Sec. 3. The debts and liabilities of the Territory of New Mexico, and the debts of the counties thereof, which were valid and sub^istin? on the twentieth diy of June, nineteen 57 hundred and ten, are hereby assumed and shall be paid by this state; and this state shall, as to all such debts and liabi-. lities, be subrogated to all the rights, inclading rights of in- demnity and reinbursement^ existing in favor of said terri- tory or of any of the several counties thereof on said date. Nothing in this article shall be construed as validating or in any manner legalizing any territorial, county, municipal or other bonds, warrants, obligations, or evidences of indebted- ness of, or claim against, said territory or any of the counties or municipalities thereof which now are or may be, at the time this state is admitted, invalid and illegal; nor shall the legis- lature of this state pass any law in any manner validating or legalizing the same. Sec. 4. Provision shall be made for the establishment and maintenance of a system of public schools which shall be open to all the children of the state and free from sectarian control, and said schools shall always be conducted in En- glish. Sec. 5. (As amended by the people Nov, 5, 1912.) This state shall never enact any law restricting or abridj^ing^the right of suffrage on account of race, color or previous con- dition of servitude. « Sec. 6. The capital of this state shall, until changed by the electors voting at an election provided for by the legisla- ture of this state for that purpose, be at the city of Santa Fe, but no such election shall be called or provided for prior to the thirty-first day of December, nineteen hundred and twenty-five. Sec. 7. There are hereby reserved to the United States, with full acquiescence of the people of this state, all rights and powers for the carrying out of the provisions by the United States of the act of congress, entitled, '*An Act ap- propriating the receipts from the sale and disposal of public lands in certain states and territories to the construction of irrigation works for the reclamation of arid lands,'' approv- ed June seventeenth, nineteen hundred and two, and acts 58 atnehd^tor^' thet^6f dr dtippll&mentat'y thereto, 15 thd Mmd extent ad if this ^tate had remained a territory. Sec. 8. Wtietiever hereafter kny of the latids cdntaiHed within Indian reservatiotis or allotments In this dtate shall be allotted, sold, reserved or otherwise disposed of , they shall be subject for a period of twenty-five years after such allotment, sale . reservation or other disposal, to all the laws of the United States prohibiting the introduction of liquor into the Indian country; and the terms ^'Indian" and -'Indian country" shall include the Pueblo Indians of New Mexico and the lands owned or occupied by them on the twentieth day of June, nineteen hundred and ten, or which are occu- pied by them at the time of the admission of New Mexico as a state. Sec. 9. This state and its people consent to all and sin- gular the prodsions of the said act of congress, approved June twentieth, nineteen hundred and ten, concerning the lands by said act granted or confirmed to this state, the terms and conditions upon which said grants and confirma- tions were made and the means and manner of enforcing such terms and conditions, all in every respect and particu- lar as in said act provided. Sec, 10. This ordinance is irrevocable without the consent of the United States and the people of this state, and no change or abrogation of this ordinance, in whole or in part, shall be made by any constitutional amendment without the consent of congress, ARTICLE XXII. SHEDULE, That no incovenience may arise by reason of the change from a territorial to a state form of government, it is declar- ed and ordained: Section 1. This constitution shall take effect and be in full force immediately upon the admission of New Mexico into the Union as a state. 59 Sec 2. Until otherwise provided by Iglw; the act of con- gress of the United States, entitled, "An Act relating to lia- bility of common carriers, by railroads to their employes in certain cases,-' aproved April twenty-second, nineteen hun- dred and eight, and all acts amendatory thereof, shall be and remain in force in this state to the same extent that they have been in force in the Territory of New Mexico. Sec. 3. Until otherwise provided by law, the act of con- gress, entitled, *'An Act for the protection of the lives of miners," approved March third, eighteen hundred and nine- ty-one, and all acts amendatory thereof, shall be and remain in force in this state to the same extent that they have been in force in the Territory of New Mexico; the words '^Gover- nor of the State," are hereby substituted for the words Governor of such organized territory;" and for the words Secretary of the Interior" wherever the same appear in said acts; and the chief mine inspector for the Territory of New Mexico, appointed by the President of the United States, is hereby authorized to perform the duties prescribed by said acts until superseded by the **inspector of mines" ap- pointed by the governor, as elsewhere provided by the cons- titution, and he shall receive the same compensation from the state as he received from the United States. Sec. 4. All laws of the Territory of New Mexico in force at the time of its admission into the Union as a state, not in- consistent with this constitution, shall be and remain in force as the laws of the state until they expire by their own limita- tion, or are altered or repealed; and all rights, actions, claims, contracts, liabilities and obligations, shall continue and re- main unaffected by the change in the form of government. Sec. 5. The pardoning power herein granted shall extend to all persons who have been convicted of offenses against the laws of the. Territory of New Mexico. Sec. 6. All property, real and personal, and all moneys, credits, claims and choses in action belonging to the Territo- ry of New Mexico, shall become the property of this state; 60 and all debts, taxes, fines, penalties, escheats and forfeit- ures,which have accrued or may accrue to said territory,shall inure to this state. Sec. 7. All recognizances, bonds, obligations and under- takings entered into or executed to the Territory of New Mexico, or to any county, school district, municipality,officer or official board therein, shall remain valid according to the terms thereof, and may be sued upon and recovered by the proper authority under the state law. Sec. 8. All lawful process, writs, judgments, decrees, con- victions and sentences issued, rendered, had or pronounced, in force at the time of the admission of the state, shall con- tinue and remain in force to the same extent as if the change of government had not occurred, and shall be enforced and ex- ecuted under the laws of the state. Sec. 9. All courts existing, and all persons holding offices or appointments under authority of said territory, at the time of the admission of the state, shall continue to hold and exercise their respective jurisdictions, functions, offices and appointments until superseded by the courts, officers, or authorities provided for by this constitution. Until otherwise provided by law, the seal of the territory shall be used as the seal of the state, and the seals of the several courts, officers and official boards in the territory shall be used as the seals of the corresponding courts, of- ficers and official boards in the state; and for any new court, office or board created by this constitution, a seal may be adopted by the judge of said court, or the incumbent of said office, or by the said board. Sec. 10, All suits, iodictments, criminal actions, bonds, process, matters and proceedings pending in any of the courts in the Territory of New Mexico at the time of the or- ganization of the courts provided for in this constitution shall be transferred to and proceed to determination in such courts of like or corresponding jurisdiction. And all civil causes of action and criminal offenses which shall have been 61 corQHaenced; or indictment found, shall be subject to actioni prosecution, indictment and review in the proper courts of the state, in like manner and to the same extent as if the state had been created and said courts established prior to the accrual of such causes of action and the commission of such offenses. Sec. 11. This constitution shall be signed by the presi- dent and secretary of the constitutional convention, and such delegates as desire to sign the same, and shall be deposited in the office of the secretary of the territory where it may be signed at any time by any delegate. Sec. 12. All lawful debts and obligations of the several counties of the Territory of New Mexico not assumed by the state and of the school districts, municipalities, irrigation districts and improvement districts, therein, existing at the time of its admission as a state, shall remain valid and un- affected by the change of government, until paid or refund- ed according to law; anSi all counties, municipalities and dis- tricts in said territory shall continue with the same names, boundaries and rights until changed in accordance with the constitution and laws of the state. Sec. 13. This constitution shall be submitted to the peo- ple of New Mexico for ratification at an election to be held on the twenty-first day of January, nineteen hundred and eleven, at which election the qualified voters of New Mexico shall vote directly for or against the same, and the governor of the Territory of New Mexico shall forthwith issue his proclamation ordering said election to be held on said day. Except as to the maAner of making returns of said elec- tion and canvassing and certifying the result thereof, said election shall be held and conducted in the manner prescrib- ed by the laws of New Mexico now in force. Sec. 14. The ballots cast at said election in favor of the ratification of this constitution shall have printed or written thereon in both English and Spanish the words "For the Constitution;" and those against the ratification of the consti 62 tution shall have written or printed thereon in both English and Spanish the words '* Against the Constitution;'' anA shall be counted and returned accordingly. Sec. 15. The returns of said election shall be made by the election officers direct to the secretary of the Territory of New Mexico at Santa Fe, who, with the goveroor and the ^ chief justice of said territory, shall constitute a canvassing board, and they, or any two of them, shall meet at said city of Santa Fe on the third Monday after said election and shall canvass the same. Said canvassing board shall make and file with the secretary of the Territory of New Mexico, a certificate signed by at least two of them, setting forth the number of votes cast at said election for or against the consti- tution, respectively. Sec. 16, If a majority of the legal votes cast at said elec- tion as certified to by said canvassing board, shall be for the constitution, it shall be deemed to be duly ratified by the people of New Mexico and the secretary of the Territory of New Mexico shall forthwith cause to ba submitted to the President of the United States and to congress for approval, a certified copy of this constitution, together with the statement of the votes cast thereon. Sec. 17. If congress and the President approve this consti- tution or if the President approves the same and congress fails to disapprove the same during the next regular ression thereof, the governor of New Mexico shall, within thirty days after receipt of notification from the President certifying said facts, issue his proclamation for an election at which of- ficers for a full state government, including a governor, county officers, members of the state legislature, two representatives in congress to be elected at large from the state, and such other officers as this constitution prescribes, shall be chosen by the people; said election to take place not earlier than sixty days nor later than ninety days after the date of said Pjroclamation by the governor ordering the same. Sec. 18. Said last mentioned election shall be held, the 63 returns thereof made, canvassed and certified to by the se- cretary of said territory, in the same manner, and the same laws, including those as to qualifications of electors, shaU be applicable thereto, as hereinbefore prescribed for holding, making of the returns, canvassing and certifying the same, of the election for the ratification or rejection of this constitu- tion. When said election of state and county officers, members of the legislature, representatives in congress, and other of- ficers provided for in this constitution, shall be held and the returns thereof made, canvassed and certified as herein- before provided, the governor of the Territory of New Me- xico shall immediately certify the result of said election, as canvassed and certified as hereinbefore provided,, to the Pre- sident of the United State. Sec. 19. Within thirty days after the issuance by the President of the United States of his proclamation announc- ing the result of said election so ascertained, all officers elec- ted at such election, except members of the legislature, shall take the oath of office and give bond as required by this constitution or by the laws of the Territory of New Mexico in case of like officers in the territory, county or district,and shall thereupon enter upon the duties of their respective of- fices; but the legislature may by law require such officers to give other or additional bonds as a condition of. their continu- ance in office. Sec. 20. The governor of the state, immediately upon his qualifying and entering upon the duties of his office, shall issue his proclamation convening the legislature at the seat of government on a day to be specified therein, not less than thirty nor more than sixty days after the date of said procla- mation. The members-elect of the legislature shall meet on the day specified, take the oath required by this constitution and within ten days after organization shall proceed to the elec- tion of two senators of the United States for the State of 64 New Mexico, in the manner prescribed by the constitution and laws of the United States; and the governor and secre- tary of the State of New Mexico shall certify the election of the senators and representatives in congress in the manner required by law. Sec. 21. The legislature shall pass aU necessary laws to carry into effect the provisions of this constitution. Sec. 22. The term of ofl&ce of all officers elected at the election aforesaid shall commence on the date of their quali- fication and shall expire at the same time as if they had been elected on the Tuesday next after the first Monday of No- vember in the year nineteen hundred and twelve. Done in open convention at the city of Santa Pe, in the 'Territory of New Mexico, this twenty-first day of November, in the year of our Lord, one thousand nine hundred and ten. (Signed) CHARLES A. SPIESS, President of the Constitutional Convention. (Signed) GEORGE W. ARMIJO, Secretary. 6$> INDEX, c< ART. SEC, Agriculture and Conservation — XV Departmeati creiLted *"' T Experimei»t station established *' .]» State Police power extended to private forests for prevention of fires Aliens a/nd Cibmne — None- distinction between,as to ownership and descent of property Anverkdments to ConstUutiow-^ Convention may be called for, how Initiative only of laws authoxised by Gou^ stitution Procedure in On Compact with U. S. To Section one, not authorized Assesaore — (County) Free passes not to accept £ai^— secured, exceptions BUI of Bights— Carrying arms Debts-imprisonment for, not allowed Elections to be free Fx-post facto laws not to be enacted Freedom of speech and of press Habeas cdrpQs, writ of, secured, Jury, trial by Military subordinate to civil authority Process of law secured* Property n(^ used without compeosation ReUtnous liberty Seizures, searches etc. Treason defined Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, rights under Trial for crimes " 14 It 22 xtx 2. (( 3; (( 1 (( 4 (C 5 XX 14- II 13 n. 6. 6 «( 21 c« 8. (( 19> u 17 (( 7 • IS: (« ' 9 «( 18. (1 20 (( IV II 10 if 1ft 5 S6 Board of Equalization — Corporate property to assess Created Free passes not to accept Boundaries of State — Bribery 'pe nalty — Capital of State, located — CMldren — Employment of, to be regulated by Legis- lature {Htnl Authority above Military — Clommisswns to issue in name of State — Ckmimon Carriers — LiabUity Act effective against XXII Not to descriminate in long and short dis- tance Railroads to intersect with each other etc Reports to make To carry each others cars, messages etc. Compact with U» S. — Not abridged without consent of congress Constitution of New Mexico — Amendments to, procedure in Article XXI amendable by consent of U. S. Effective on admission of State Effective on approval by President and Congress Initiative-restrictions as to Ratification by people Revision after 25 years Section one unamendable for 25 years Signed by officers and delegates Constitution of U. S. — Supreme Law of I^and « Qyrporations — Constitution to accept Control of Corporations Com., to be under VIII 8 (( 5 XX 14 I ir xxr 6 XX 10 II 9 7 11 Xt 10 k« 17 <( 11 k( 15-16 xxr ki 10 xrx • (( 1 (( 4 XXII 1 (( 17 XIX 8 XXII 13-1& XIX 2 XIX 5 XXII 11 II / XI 12 XI 7 67 Ocnvicti — Earnings of, paid to family liabor, leasing of, prohibited C(mnty and Municipal CorporaUons'- Clasification of counties and fixing of sala- ries by Legislature County offtcers, terms of and election County seats not to be changed Names to continue, under state govern- ment County Commissioners — Free passes, not to accept Vacancies in, how filled XI ' Corporations — continued. Creation of« Legislature to provide for, XI Emminent dodiain on property of , not abriged XI Power of State supreme over — XI Property of, assesed by equalization board VIII Corporation Commission — Attorney General to be Atty for Chairman, to elect annually Common Carriers, beoks ofi may inspect Control over all corporations, to have Disqualification of members of Election) clasificatiom,term. Free passess, members not to accept Funds for, how created OathSf power to administer Orders, not to issue except on hearing Powers etc. Rates, to have charge of Rules, to adopt Salary of members of k( (i it cc XX XI (« «c XI (« (( XX »l X X X XXII XX IS 18 14 9 .4 4 11 7 S 2 14 5 11 '8 r 9 4 S 15 18 1 2 8 12 14 68 Slate courts to succeed Territorial eomrta XXIi 9 Gutrged by iwttctaBetti otaiy^ WHStprtrms Defendant not to be tried twice lbs €kru^nmi§hmmU9fBKo$9iuB Jtasi, — ^pcoblbited Railroads liable for Illegal, forever baxred*. Imprisonment for, protubiA^d. Kot assumed by Stateiare hU(1 [) county etc. assumed, by St^ Not compQlI^d to testify afcainst self Kot tried second time for same offense Bights of, im felony charge^ MMt^Het AUomeyr— Additional, may be elected, Bectton, qualifications, term of office etc. Pree passes not to accept Yacancies filled by Oovernor MttHct OourU and Judges — Courts to ba conservators of the peace Appeals from lower courtSttiM de novo Clerk to be elected Districts defined May be rearrenged or increased, when, Jurisdiction, Judges — Oourt, may hoUtin.otliw countiaa — Disqualified to sit in certain cases EUection and term of office Free passes not to accept, II 14 M- 16 «( IS XX 16 XXI 3 II 31 X,XT,T 12 XXI 8 II 15 C( 15 (1 14 VI 24 «l 24 XX 14 u 4 VI 21 If 27 CI 22, l( 13^ t* 16 H 18,21 It 15 c( 18 11 12 XX 14 69 Judges — continued. Judicial offices to hold only ^u&Bfications of Salaries, S^reme court may assign to bold court in any district ti^'sft tn su- premcr be*icfa Id VI 19 4» 14 ft( IT Board 6f Education created . Appointment, duties etc Fund« pfid-manent,what cosKtHaites, Reiilials, what constitutes Reserve for help of poor dists., To be invested in securities Institutions} State Educational Management - Regents, Lands granted by enabling act, •accepted Apportioned to normal schOblSieerrififtin Spanish-American cMMrefi^s rights Scnools — Children of certain ^ges to ^ittend Five months at least, to be ^opened Frf>e to be established. Non-sectarian to be Normal, to train teachers ReBtrious test not recfvired to attend State to control System, established Secterian, State not to l^upport « Elections — vrhen helfl Canvassing Board, duties etc. Canvass of returns First,for presidential electors For first state and county officers XII ^v II ^^v 41 1 . tA i< 4 It 14 7 Ik 11 »l 18 It ; 12 e€UihmenU — Chief Justice to preside in, when, EiSect of conviction House of Representatives vested with power in Judges and all state oiBcers subject to Officer deprived of powers upon — Procedure in Inalienable Bights — IvdictTnent — necessary when Defendant may ws^ve Indebtedness — ^Public Bonds for payment of Series A. B. C. Borrowed money to be applied to purpose Casual deficits to pay from borrowed money Counties to pay their own — XXII 20 XX 14 V 9 • V 5 r 6 Ixxii & V 4 V 5 II 7 IV 8 «« 8 (C 85 (C 3 tc 8 IV 85 1 8A cc 35 (( 86 «l 36 «• 85 II i II XX 14 20 IX ' * 8 (C » 3 (« 9 r (( 7 it 2 n ««f « ' >. • Jndebted/nes8 — continued. \ CreattpB x»f , ., Lands ter payment of Grant Md 8»Bt» Fe Counties, to be sold Legislatu re prohibited from releasing Legislature to refund Militia war rants, invalid .Referp.pdiyn in incurring certain . Counties Municipalities Not to exceed to 4% School Districts rSantaFe and Grant co^ntieS) aasunw^ by stftte ]).^ [ • ' :State, counties, municipalities ^r Mdiopl districts not to pledge credit for what, exception iState may contract to supress insiirrec- tion ete. To pay casual deficit Territorial, assumed bjr State jifndkms — Country, what comprises Giving liquor to, prohibited Institutions — Public — Directors of, appointment Enumeration Lands granted to, acceptance of Management of Jrrigation €^nd Water Bights — Appropriation of waters Beneficial usei basis of right to Drainage Districts Existing rights recognized )Priority, the better right Rights reserved to U.S. for irrigation works Judicial Department — Appeals from probate and justici^ courts ki 8 4 5 • 1 , 10 12 13 '*% 11 «« M- 1415 kk 7 (( 7 44 1 XXI 8 (( 1 XIV (( 3 (4 1 <( 2 (fc 8 XVI <4 2 (( 3 CC 4 44 1 (4 2 XXI 7 FT 1 44 27 73 Judicial Department — continued. Di8tricftcoart8, jurisdiction etc. Cleirkof ■».. Judges, 'disqualified to sitin tormli when GonseiHwtonittf pMM to^ /!. Paases, not to accept Vacancies of , how filled ' Judicial Ustricts estabiishedi New counties may be aflizedtc Process to issue in hame ^ThVlSt^tebf New Mexico" JudiciflLi power vested in courts Senate, hiKb court of impeachment Supreme court — ^jurisdiction* powers etc. Justices of the Peo/ce- n. «l 13 22 18 XX 21 . 14 4 VI 25 25 VI 20 ♦«• 1 1* 1 tt 2,3 Appeals from Vl 27 Committing magistrates and conservators of the peace, to , be . .; Jurisdiction Ijands — Public — Oomissioa to select Exempt from disposal, what labAs are Granted by Congress, aceeptisd State, what constitutes U. S. unappropriated, disclaimer of J^aws — Amendment or revision not to be by re- ference Constitution to carry into.effept, to enact Creating indebtedness, to provide for levy Giving lextra compensatiKMi iisiice8 Money s-^t(^ be deposited tin Banks Tfdme of State — Notaries Public — Women may be Oath of Office— form Obligations or Liabilities — not eztinguishable Offl^cers—' County- election and term of office Extra comjoenss^ticm het aHowed Ineligible to reelection Salaries for, to be fixed xxn 20 IV 22 i( 12 II 17 n 18 ■ • -J : V 7 V 12 iv. 8 1 V 8 V 8 IV 34 II 9 XV 111 «( 1 <» 1 (( 2 xrii 1 «* . 2 XXII 3 XVII 1 (C 2 VIII 10 I KX 11 »i 1 IV 32 X 2 XX 9 X 2 (( 1 77 CouiUy — ccm^ued . To reiBJide within jurisdiction Distriet* county and precinct, Ditto Elected at Ist. electioiv. tecnxs . '' " " assume office, Free passes, not to accept Office toJiold tH) s4icoeaaerquaUfe9' Reports to make to Oovernor, what Speculating with public moneys — felonj, VIII State Officers — elective— residence First) when to take office Impeachment, subject to— Ineliirible to succeed 'se)tes, which are Quatiftbations BepoetiB to make to Govodmoar Salaries — Not changed, in ten years T^rm to bjioin, wheni. Territorial, to succeed selves till when^ Pardons — Gomtrnor majp^ grant Bxtend.to all offenses under Territoffjii^- Penite7vtiar%^r^K. reformatory People — all poUtical power resides in — Arms, righ,t tk) bear, exception Habeas Corpus, not to be denied to — Inalieaabie rights, enumerated Religious liberty, guaranteed to — Right of sQlf -government resides in — Right to trial by jury Rights under treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Rights not enumerated, preserved Seizures and searchest protection from Powers — distribution of President pra tern of Senate — election Saccessor to Gov.,wheA,. PoUce Power of State Extends to Private Foretstar- XJ 9. y 18. Vf 18 xxn 2S (t 19 XX 14 «4 2 V 9 VIII 10 V 1 Kir 19 IV 8Q •V 1 IV 3' V ft> »( la^^ t( 12 x-» 3 XXII 9 V 6 xxu,. & XX 15 ir 2i8 (( 6 (C> ' 7 II 4 (1 11 II 3 »l 12. ■ II 5 II 29 <» Ifi III 1 lY, 8 V 7 I» 18 l< 20 VIII 10 II 2S 78 Foligamy — prohibited XXI 1 Probate Oourta^ VI 1 Appeals from . '' 27 Cases transferred to District Court *' 23 Established /' 23 Jurisdiction — Legislature may increase j Jury in ( " 23 Froperty — Aliens & Citizens, no distintion, as to II 22 None to be deprived of, without pro- cess of law None to be ti^ken without compensation Public Money 9 to be Depoeited inBanke — Eights not enumercUed — ^preserved, BaUroada — Damages,, liable for ) Who may sew for— V XX 16 Waiver for, invalid when ) Liabilitiy to employes (U. S. Law) XXII 2 Beelammtion of Arid Lands — Works for, reserved by U. S. Beferendum-^ Beligifios Iri&er^y guaranteed Bepresentatives — qualifications Salaries and Compensation — Corporation Commissioners County officers, to be fixed by Leg. District Judges Members of Legislature Officers of Legislature No officer to receive extra State officers In full — not increased in 10 years Supreme court Judges XXI 7 IV 1 11 11 XXI 1 IV 3 XI .1 5 X • 1 VI 17 IV 10 c( 9 XX 9 • V 12 V 12 VI 11 79 Seal of Statt^ Attach to all commissions Ter ritorial to be used till adoption of Secretary of State — In line of exeentive snccesion Member Board of Iqnali^tion Member Canvassini? Board Schedule — State sncceeds Territory SeissuTe9 and Searche$ — protection against Senate — Galled to order by Llent.-Gk>v. President pro-tem to elect Qualification of senators ScThooU -Public- Adoption of text books for Free, open and conducted in Inglish ^eafcer-^elected by H. of R. State CktpUal—Kt Santa Fe State — succeeds Territory Supreme Court— Clasification and election of members Conservators of the peace to be Consists of three judges District judge, may call to sit, when Judges of, not to hold other than judi- cial offices Jurisdiction Not more than two judges elected same time Number of judges may be incresed, when Officers of, to appoint and remove Qualification of members of Quorum Salaries of Judges 10 11 XXII g V 1 7 viu 5 V 2 XXTT " 6.7,8,9,10 II 10 IV C« 8 8 • ( 8 XX 17 XXI 1 4 IV 8 XXI 6 XXII 6-10 VI 4 (( 21 (4 4 (( 6 (1 19 (( 2,3 (( 10 (( (( (( 10 9 8 5 «' 11 8» Tveiuon — what constitntes rnwo witnesses necessary to convict o£ Taacation and* Revenue — Taxes- All property subject to Corporations to be assessed by Board of SU|«ialization Double, . prohibited Exemption to heads of family To oew railroads and enterprises^ To public properties Lands in large bodies te he assessed aame ais other? Plowing of, ads no value for Legislature empowered to levy — Levied to pay judgments against mu- nicipal corporations Municipal corporaticma not reteasect from payment of proportion of — Rate to be^ equal and uniform State, limited to 4 mills levy Limit in total levy Tenure of Qffloe — Term of office when to begin Term of 1st. officers United States Senators — Ljeg. to elect Vacancies how Filled — Certain state and district^offloers In executive office Zn^ Legislature State Officers — exceptions When Legislature not in session Wims — For sacramental purposes no to be prohibited Women — May hold certain offices WarJc Day — To consist of 8 hours II 11 15 VIU l«* » n V i» '5 (r 2 II V\, II 8 II 7 II U II 12 ki 2,8 II IS II &. »i 1 (i 4 It 4 XX II 2 3 xxri 22 XXII 20 XX 4 V 7 IV 4 V 5 XX 5 XX IS XX 11 XX la LA CONSTITUCION DEL ESTADO DE NUEVO MEXICO. ADOPTADA POK LA CONVENCION CONSTITUCIONAL TENIDA EN SANTA PE, N. M., DE OCTUBRE 3 A NOVIEMBRE 21, 1910, SEGUN ENMENDADA NOVIEMBRE 6, 1911 Y NOVIEMBRE 5, 1512. Preparada para su Publicaci6i por el Secretario de Estado. Santa Fe, N. M Abril, 1914. Nos, el pueblo de Nuevo Mexico, gratos al Dios Omnipo- ten*"^ por las baadiciones de libertad, con el prop6sito de conseRuir las ventajas de un gobierno de estado, ordenamos y establecemos esta constituci6n. ARTICULO I. NOMBRE Y LINDEROS. El nombre de este estado es Nuevo Mexico y sus linderos los siguieutes: Partiendo de un punto donde elparalelo trigesimo s^ptimo de latitud norte cruza el meridiano ciento tres oeste de Green- wich; de alii siguiendo el dicho meridiano ciento tres al para- lelo trigesimo segundo de latitud norte; de alii siguiendo di- chojuaralelo trigesimo segundo al Rio Grande, conocido tam- bien como el Rio Bravo del Norte, como existla el dia nueve de Septiembre de mil ochocientos cincuenta; siguiendo de alii el alveo principal de dicho rio como existla el dia nueve de Septiembre de mil ochocientos cincuenta al paralelo de trein- ta y un grados cuarenta y siete minutos de latitud norte; si- guiendo de alii al oeste cien miliar* a un punto; de alii al sur al paralelo de treinta y un grados veinte minutos de latitud norte; siguiendo de alii alo largo del dicho parSlelo de treinta y un grados veinte minutos al meridiano trigesimo segundo de longitud al oeste de Washington; siguiendo de alii a lo largo del dicho meridiano trigesimo segundo al paralelo tri- gesimo septimo de latitud norbe; siguiendo de alii a lo largo del dicho paralelo trigesinxo septimo al punto de partida. ARTICULO 11. ENUMERACION DE DERECHOS, Sec. 1. El Estado de Nuevo Mexico forma parte insepara- ble de la Uni6n Federal, y la Constituci6n de los Estados Unidos es la ley suprema del pafs. Sec 2. Todo el derecho politico reside en el pueblo y di- mana del pueblo; por derecho todo gobierno tiene su orlgen en el pueblo, estd fundado en su voluntad y es instituido s61o para su beneficio. Sec. 3. El pueblo del estado tiene el derecho linicoyex- clusivo a gobernarse por si mismos como estado libre, so- berano e independiente. Sec. 4. Todas las personas son nacidas igualmente libres, y tienen ciertos derechps naturales, inherentes e inagenables entre los que se cuentan los derechos al goce y defensa de la vida y la libertad, la adquisicidn, posesi6n y protecci6n de propiedad y la pesquisa y adquisicion de la seguridad y de la felicidad. Sec. 5. Los derechos, privilegios e inmunidades, civiles, pollticos y religiosos asegurados al pueblo de Nuevo Mexico por el tratado de Guadalupe Hidalgo se preservardn inviola- bles. Sec. 6. El pueblo tiene el derecho de portar armas para su defensa y seguridad,pero nada de lo aqui expresado se to- mard como permiso para portar armas ocultas. Sec. 7, El privilegio del auto de habeas corpus jamds sera suspendido, a menos que, en caso de rebeli6n o invasi6n, lo requiera la seguridad piiblica. Sec. 8. Todas las elecciones serdn libres y publicas, y ningiia poder, sea civil o militar, intervendraenningiin tiem- po con el libre ejercicio del derecho del suf ragio. Sec. 9. El poder militar estara siempre estrictamente subordinado al poder civil; en tiempo de paz ningiin soldado ser4 alojado en casa alguna sin el consentimiento de su duello, ni en tiempo de gueri-a salvo en la manera prescrita por ley. Sec. 10. El pueblo estarA seguro en sus personas, pape- les, hogares y bienes, contra registros y secuestros irrazo- nables, y no se expedird ningtin auto para registrar lugar alguno,o para aprehender a persona o secuestrar cosa alguna a menos que tal auto describa el lugar del registro, la perso- na que ha de aprehenderse o la cosa que ha de secuestrarse, ni sin una manifestaci6n escrita de causa probable sostenida por juramento o afirmaci6n. Sec- 11. Cada un hombre sera libre para adorar a Dios segun los dictados de su conciencia, y ninguna persona sera molestada, ni se le negara derecho o privilegio alguno, civil politico, por motive de su opini6n religiosa o de la manera de ejercer su veiieraci6n religiosa. Sec. 12. El derecho a juicio por jurado, segiin 6ste ha existido en lo pasado,queda aseguradoatodosy seconservard inviolable. En todos los casos que se juzguen en cortes infe- riores a la de distrito el niimero del jurado podra consistir de seis. La legislatura podra prescribir que el veredicto en causas civiles sea dictaminado por menos que el voto unani- me del jurado. Sec. 13. Toda persona sera admitida a fianza con suficien- tes fiadores, excepto en casos de delitos capitales donde el testimonio es evidente o grande la pfesunci6n. No se exigird fianza excesiva, ni se impondrdn multas excesivas ni se infli- girdn castigos crueles e inusuales. Sec. 14. Ninguna persona ser4 detenida a responder de un crimen capital, felonioso o infamante a menos que sea por denuncia o querella de un gran jurado, excepto en casos que ocurran en la milicia cuando 6sta se halle en servicio activo en tiempo de guerra o de peligro piiblico. En todo proceso criminal el acusado tendrd el derecho de comparecer y de- fenderse en persona y por medio de abogado; a exigir la na- turaleza y causa de la acusaci6n; a ser careado con los testi- gos que depongan en su contra, a que la acusaci6n y el testi- monio le sean interpretados en idioma que ^1 eiLtienda;a tener proceso obligatorio para compeler la atendencia de los testi- gos necesarios en su defensa, y a juicio expedite ptSblico xx)r un jurado imparcial del condado o distrito donde el delito se alegue haber sido cometido. Sec 15. Ninguna persona ser4 obligada a testificar contra si misma en un proceso criminal, ni podrd persona alguna ser juzgada dos veces por la misma ofensa; y cuando la que- reUa, denuncia o declaracidn sobre la cual es condenada una persona acusa delitos distintos o diferentes grades del mismo delito y nuevo juicio se concede al acusado, este no podrA ya ser juzgado otra vez por un delito, o grado del delito, mayor que aquel de que habfa sido condenado. 6 Sec- 16. Traicidn contra el estado s61o consistird en levar guerra en su contra, en adherirse a sua enemigos, o en pres- tarles ayuda y acomodaci6n. Ninijuna persona sera conde- nada de traici6n si no es por la evidencia de dos testigos al mismo acto manifiesto, o por confesi6n de parte en corte abierta. Sec. 17. Toda persona podra hablar, escribir y publicar libremente sus sentimientos sobre todos los asuntos, siendo responsable por el abuso de ese derecho; y no se decretard ninguna ley que restrinja o limitela libertad de la expresi6n o de la prensa. En toda prosecuci6n criminal por libelos, la verdad podrd declararse como evidencia al jurado; y si el ju- rado fuere de opini6n que la cosa denunciada como libelosa es verdadera y que fu6 publicada con buenos motives y para fines justificables, el reo ser4 absuelto. Sec. 18. Nadie serA privado de la vida, libertad, o de sus bienes sino es por el debido proceso de la ley; ni se negara a persona alguna la proteccidn igual de las leyes. Sec, 19. Ninguna ley retroactiva, ley de proscripci6n, ni ley que limite la obligaci6n de contratos serd decretada por la legislatura. . Sec. 20. Ninguna propiedad privada se tomara o averiara para usos piiblicos sin la justa remuneracidn. Sec. 21. Ninguna persona serd detenida por deuda en nin- guna acci6n civil. Sec. 22. Jamas se hara por ley, distinci6n alguna entre extranjeros residentes y ciudadanos respecto al sefiorfoosu- cesi6n de bienes. Sec. 23. La enumeraci6n de ciertos derechos que se hace en esta constitucion no se interpretara como negaci6n, alte- raci6n o diminuci6n de otros derechos que el pueblo se re- serva. ARTICULO III. DISTRIBUCION DE PODERES. Sec. 1. Los poderes de gobierno de este estado son divi- didos en tres departamentos distintos, el legislative, ejecuti- vo y judicial 7 ninguna persona o coiecci6n de personas en- car^ada del ejercicio de los poderes que propiamente perte- nezcan a uno de estos departamentos, ejercerd poder alguno que propiamente pertenezca a cualesquiera de los otros, ex- ceplo en los casos donde esta constituci6n expresamente lo ordene o permita. ARTICULO IV. DEPARTAMENTO LEGISLATIVO. Sec. 1, El poder legislativo sedepositaen un senado y' cdraara de representantes el cual sera denominado la legis- latura del Estado de Nuevo Mexico, y tendra sus sesiones en la capital del gobierno. El pueblo se reserva el derecho de reprobar, suspender y anular cualquier ley decretada por la legislatura, menos las leyes de presupuestos genera'es; leyes encaminadas a la con- « servaci6n de la paz, salubridad o seguridad piiblicas; leyes para el pago de la deuda piiblica y r^ditos incur ridos sobre la misma, o lacreaci6n o autorizaci6n de la misma, salvo aquello que de otra manera queda estipulado por esta consti- tuci6n; para la mantencion de las escuelas piiblicas o de las" instituciones del estado, y leyes locales y especiales. Las peticiones hechas para la reprobaci6n de cualquier ley que no sea una delas arriba exceptuadas decretada en la ultima precedente sesi6n de la legislatura, deberdn ser archivadas con el secretario de estado no menos que cuatro meses aiite- riores a la subsiguiente elecci6n general, Dichas peticioiies deberdn ser firmadas por un nutnero de no menos que el diez por ciento de los electores cualificados de cada ur;o de tres cuartas partes de los condados y en su conjunto por no me-* nos que el diez por ciento de lbs electores cualificados del es-^ tado, manifestado por el numero total de votos depositados. en la liltima precedente elecci6n general. La proposici6n de" la aprobaci6n o rechazamiento de tal ley sera sometida por el secretario de estado a los electores 6n la subsiguiente elec- ci6n general, y si una mayorla de los votOs legal^s deposita- dos en la proposici6n y no inenos que el cuaretita por ciento 8 del niimero total de votos legales dados en tal etecci6n gene- ral, f ueren a favor de rechazar dicha ley, esta serd anulada y quedara derogada tan efectivamente como si la legisJatura la hubiera entonces abrogado, y la dicha derogacion restable- cerA cualquier ley abrogada por el acta asi anulado;de lo con- trario quedara en vigor, a menos que subsecuentemente sea derogada por la legislatura. Si dicha petici6n o peticiones son firmadas por no menos que el veinticinco por ciento de los electores cualificados bajo cada una de las condiciones an- tecedentes, y son archivadas con el secretario de estado den- tro del perfodo de noventa dias despues de clausurada la 3esi6n de la legislatura que decretare tal ley, la operaci6n de la misma cesard en virtud de ello y la proposici6n de su apro- baci6n o rechazamiento serd igualmente sometida al vote en ia subsiguiente elecci6n general. Si una mayorfa de los votos dados en la misma y no menos que el cuarenta por ciento del niimero total de votos depositados en dicha elecci6n general f ueren a favor de su rechazamiento, quedard por ello anulada; de lo contrario, tomara efecto al publicarse el certificado del secretario de estado declarando el resultado de la elecci6n. Be califica como felonla el que persona alguna firme dicha petici6n con otro nombre que no sea el suyo, o que firme su nombre jnds de una vez para la misma medida, o que firme 4icha petici6n no siendo votante cualificado del condado es- pecificado en dicha petici6n; entendido, que nada de lo que aqui queda expresado se interpretarA como prohibicion de que se escriba en la misma el nombre de cualquier persona que no pueda escribir y que firma su nombre por medio de marca. La legislatura decretara las leyes necesarias para ilevar a efecto el poder aqui reservado. Sec. 2. En adici6n a las facultades aqui enumeradas, la legislatura tendrd todas las que necesita tener la legislatura de un estado libre. Sec. 3, . El senado consistird de veinticuatro y la cdmara de representantes de cuarenta y nueve individuos, los que de- berdn tener las cualidades de electores de sus respectivos distritos y ser residentes de Nuevo Mexico durante el perfo- 9 do de no menos que tres afios precedentes a su elecci6n. Los senadores deberdn tener no menos que veinticinco aCLos, y los representantes no menos que veintiun atlos, de edad, al tiempo de su elecci6n. Ninguna persona que al tiempo de calificarse est6 ejerciendo algiin puesto de, confianzao prove- cho bajo el gobierno del estado, condado o nacional, exceptx) los notarios piiblicos y oficiales de la milicia que no reciben salariO) $er4 elegible a la legislatura. Sec. 4. Los miembros de la legislatura seran electos como sigue: los senadores por el perfodo de cuatro afios, y los mienibros de la cdmara de representantes por el perfodo de dos alios. Serin electos en el dia que la ley designe para tener la elecci6n general de los f umcionarios de estado o de representantes al congreso, Lis vacancias que ocurran en cualquiera dc ambas camaras serdn suplidas por elecci6n tenida en el tiempo que designe el gobernador. Sec. 5. Ln primera sesi6a de la legislatara comenzard a las doce, meridiano, el dia deslgaado por la proclamaci6n del gobernador. Las sesiones subsecuentes empezar&n a las doce, meridiano, el segundo m&rtos de Eaero subsecuente a cada elecci6n general. Ninguna sesi6n ordinaria ezceder& de sesenta dias, salvo la primera, que podr& durar noven- ta dias, y ninguna sesidn extraordinaria exceder& de treinta dias. Sec. 6. Sesiones extraordinarias de la legislatura podr&n ser convocadas por el gobernador, pero no se transar&n en ellas otros negocios que los que tengan relaci6n con los obje- tos especificados en la proclamaci6n. Sec 7. Cada cdmara seri juez de la elecci6n y cualificacio- nes de sus propios miembros. La concurrencia de una ma* yorla de los miembros de cualquiera de ambas cdmaras for- mar& quorum para la transaccidn de negocios, pero un ntime- ro menor podr& ef ectuar su organizaci6n temporaria, prorro- garse de dia en dia, y compeler la atendencia de los miem- bros ausentes. Sec. 8. El senado serd Uamado al 6rden en su sala por el ^ice-gobernador. El senado elegird un presidente pro tempore 10 que presidir& en ausencia del vice-gobernador y serviri hasta la siguiente sesi6n de la legislatura. La c&mara de re* presentantes serd llamada al orden en su sa^a por el secreta- rio de estado- Este presidird hasta que seaelecto el speaker y la elecci6n recaerd en el miembro que para tal puesto reel* ba el mds alto numero de votos. Sec. 9. La legislatura escogerd a sus propios oficiales y empleados y fijard su remuneracidn, pero el numero y la re- inuneraci6n jamds serdn en exceso de lo siguiente: Para cada cdmara, un capelldn a tres pesos al dia; un secretario principal y un sargento de armas, cada uno a seis pesos al dia; un secretario asistente y un asistente sargento de armas, cada uno a cinco pesos al dia; dos secretaries registrantes y dos secretaries lectores, cada uno a cinco pesos al dia; seis taqufgrafos para el senado y ocho para la cdmara de repre- sentantes, cada uno a seis pesos al dia;y enadici6n a los arri- baenumerados tantos mas empleados inferiores como se re- quieran, pero la retribuci6n total de dichos empleados adi* cionales no excederd de veinte pesos al dia para el senado y treinta pesos al dia para la cdmara. Sec. 10. Cada miembro de la legislatura recibird como retribuci6n por sus servicios lasuma de cinco pesos por cada un dia que est4 en atendencia durante cada sesion y diez cen- tavos por cada una milla transitada de ida y vuelta a la capi- tal del gobierno por la ruta usual de viaje, una vez en cada sesi6n, y no recibird hinguna otra retribuci6n, concesi6n o salario. Sec. 11. Cada cdmara podrd establecer las reglas que ban de regir en sus procedimientos; castigar a sus miembros o a otros individuos por contumacii o portes desordeiiados co- metidos en su presencia, y prote^rer de violencta a sv»s miem- bros; y con la concurrencia de dos terceras partes de sus- miembros podrd expeler a un miembro, pero no segunda vez p6r la inisma acci6Q. La imposici6ii de castigo por con- tumacia o por conducta desordenada o la expulsi6n no serd impedimento para proceder en lo criminal. Sec. 12. Todas las sesiones de cada cdmara serdn tehidas 11 en publico. Cada camara llevarA un protocolo de sus proce- dimientos, y el voto nominal sobre cualquier proposici6n se registrar^ en el protocolo a pedimento de una quinta parte de los miembros presentes. El original seri archivado con el secretario de estado al clausurarse la sesi6D, y serd impreso y publicado bajo su autoridad. Sec. 13. Los miembros de la lejrislatura estardn privile- giados de arresto en toda causa excepto las de traici6n, felo- Dia y quebrantamiento de la paz, durante su atendencia en las sesiones de sus respectivas cdmaras y al ir para, o re- gresar de, las mis mas. Y no seran reconvenidos en ninguna parte por ningiin discurso o debate o por voto alguno dado en caalesquiera de amba^ cdmaras. Sec. 14. Sino es con el consentimiento de la otra, ninguna de las cimaras se prorrogard por mds de tres dias, los Do- mingos siendo exceptuados; ni tampoco se prorrogard para ningun otro lugar que no sea el de las sesiones de las dos cd- maras; y el dia de la clausura final deber&n prorrogarse a las doce del dia. Sec. 15. Ninguna ley serd pasada sino es iniciada por • - medio de un proyecto y ningtin proyecto de ley ser4 alterado o modificado en su pasajepor cualesquiera de ambas cdmaras a modo que se cambie su prop6sito original. La clausula de ordenanza de todo proyecto de ley serd asi: '*Decr6tese por la legislatura del Estado de Nuevo Mexico." Todo proyecto podrd tener su orfgen en cualesquiera de ambas camaras. Ningiin proyecto, salvo los que propongan medidas ^ncami- nadas hacia la paz piiblica, salud y seguridad, y la recopila- ci6n o revisi6n de las leyes, Uegard a ser ley a menos que ha- ya sido impreso y lefdo tres veces distintas en cada cdmara, ningunas dos de cuyas lecturas deberdn verificarse en el mismo dia, y la tercera deberd ser por entero. Sec. 16. El prop6sito de cada un proyecto deber4 expre- sarse claramente en su tltulo, y ningiin proyecto que com- prenda mds que un sujeto serd pasado, salvo proyectos de presupuestos generales y proyectos para la recopilaci6n o re- visi6n de las leyes; perosi cualquier sujeto estd comprendido 12 en un acta y no es expreaado en su tftulo, s61o la parte no expresada en el tftalo quedari nula. Los proyectos de pre- supuestos ^enerales no eontendr&n otra cosa sino apropia- ciones para los gastos de los departamentos, ejecutivo, le^is- lativo y judiciario, r^ditos, londo de amortizaci6n, liquidaci6n de la deuda piibllca, escuelas publicas, y otros gastos reque- ridos por leyes vigentes; pero si tal proyecto comprendiere cualquiera otro asunto, s61o aquella parte del mismo por 4ste prohibida serd nula. Todos los demds presupuostos se ha- ran en proyectos separados. Sec, 17. Ningdn proyecto de ley pasard a no ser que sea por el voto de una mayorfa de los miembros presentes en cada c&mara, ni a menos que en su pasaje final el voto sea tornado nominalmente y recristrado en el protocolo. Sec. 18. Ninguna ley seri revisada o modificada, ni se ex- tender&n las disposiciones de ella por mera referenda a su tltulo; sino que cada secci6n de la misma, segun revisada, modificada o extendida se anotar& por entero. Sec. 19. Ningun proyecto de ley para la apropiaci6n de dineros, excepto para los gastos corrientes del gobierno, y ning)in proyecto de ley para aumentar la compensaci6n de cualquier f uncionario o para el establecimiento de algtin car- go iucrativo,8er& iniciado pasado el d^cimo dia antes del tiempo en que ha de clausurarse la sesi6n, segiin aqui preveni^o, a menos que sea por consentimiento un&aime de la c&mara de su orfgen. No se tomar& acci6n en ningtin proyecto durante ainguna.sesi6n a menos que el mismo haya sido iniciado en la misma sesidn. Sec. 20. Inmediatamente despues del pasaje de un pro- yecto o resoluci6n, ^ste serd registrado y compulsado, y lei* do publicamente por entero en cada cdmara, y acto continue ser& firmado por el oficial presidente de cada c&mara en plena sesi6n, y el acto de dicha lectura y firma serdn anotados en el protocolo. Ninguna interlineaci6n o raspadura hecha a un proyecto firmado serd efectiva, a menos que el acto sea certi- ficado en el mismo proyecto en t^rminos expresos por el ofi- cial presidente de cada camara quien citar& las palabras in- 13 terlineadas o raspadas, y que el acto de haber hecho tal in- terlineacidno raspadura sea anunciado piiblicamente en cada cdmara y anotado en el protocolo. Sec. 21. Cualquier persona que, sin autoridad legal, mate- rialmente modifique o altera? o se Ueve cualquier proyecto pendiente ante la legislatura, o que haya sido pasado por la misma, serd considerado culpable de felonfa y al conden&r- sele de ello ser4 castigado Dor prisi6n en la penitenciarla durante el perlodo de no menos que un aflo ni mds que cinco a&os. Sec. 22. Cada prcyectoaprobadoporlalegislaturadeber^, antes de tener efecto, ser presentado al gobernador para su aprobaci6n. Si 61 lo aprobare lo firmard y lo depositar4 con el secretario de estado; si no, lo devolveri a la cdmara de su origen juntamente con sus objeciones, las cuales serd,n ano- tadas por entero en el protocolo; y tal proyecto no UegarA a ser ley a menos que despu^s sea aprobado por dos terceras partes de los miembros presentes que voten nominalmente en cada c&mara, voto que ser& anotado en el protocolo. Todo proyecto que no sea devuelto por el gobernador dentro de tres dias, exceptuando Domingos, despues de hab^rsele pre- sentadot vendrd a ser ley, sea que lo firme o no, a menos que la pr6rroga de la legislatura impida la devoluci6n. Todo pro- yecto presentado al gobernador durante los tiltimos tres dias de la 8esi6n seri aprobado o reprobado por el dentro de seis dias despues de laclausura,e iumediatamente serd depositado por .el con el secretarto de estado. A menos que sea apro- bado y firmado por 61 tal proyecto no ser4 ley. El goberna- dor podr& en la misma manera aprobar o reprobar cualquier porci6n o por clones, parte o partes, de cualquier proyecto que haga apropiacidn de dineros y dicbas partes o porciones asi aprobadas serdn ley* y las reprobadas serdn nulas, a me- ros que sean pasadas sobre su reprobaci6n en la manera aqui prescrita. Sec. 23. Las leyes comenzardn a regir noventa dias des- pues de la prorroga de la legislatura que las decrete, excepto leyes de presupuestos generales, las cuales estardn en vigor 14 iEimediataixient& despues de su paaaje y aprobaci6a. Todo acta necesario para la conaervacida de la paz piiblica, salad y segurldad, estard vi$rent9 iomediatamente despu^s de su pa* saje y aprobaci6o, siempre que sea aprobado por el voto de dos terceras partes de cada cdmara y que tal necesidad se exprese en una secci6Q separada. Sec. 24. La legislatura no decretar4 leyes locales o espe- ciales relativas a niuguno de los casos que siguen: para re- gular los asuntos de coadado, precinto o distrito; sobre la ju- risdicci6n y deberes de los jaeces de paz, magistrados de po- licfa y condestables; sobre la prdctica en las cortes de justi- cia; el por ciento de interns sobre dinero; el castigo de crlme- nes y delitos; el asesamiento o colectaci6Q de impuesto^ o ex- tenci6Q del tiempo para'la cole3taci6a de los mismos; la cita- ci6n e instalaci6n de jarados; el maaejo de las escuelas piibli- cas; la venta o hipotecaei6n de propiedad rafz de menores u otros incapacitados; el cam bio de lugar en causas civiles o criminales. Ni en los siguieutes casos: coacediendo divor- clos; demarcando, abriendo^ alteraado o trabajindo catnino^ piiblicos, excepto caminos del eslado que pasen de uq conda- do a otro o mds condados«y caminos militares;anulando cami- nos, pianos de plazas, calles, callejones o sitios piiblicos, loca- lizando o cambiandocabeceras de condado o'cambiando Jinde- ros de condados, salvo al establecer condados nuevos; incor- porando ciudades, plazas o villas o cambiando o modifi lando la carta orgdnica de cualquier ciudad, plaza o villa; sobre Ja apertura y conducci6n de cualquiera elecci6n o designando el lugjtr de votaci6D; declarando de edad a cualquier per^?bna; dando f ranquicia o licencia a barcas, puentes de portazgo, caminos de portazgo, banco^, compafiias de seguros, o com- pafLfas de prestamos y fideicomiso; indultando multas,oenas, confiscaciones o impuesto-^; o devolviendo dineros pagados a la tesorerla del estado, o renunciando, extendiendo o extin s:uiendo, por entero o en parte, cualquier deuda o respousa- bilidad de persona o corporaci6a alguna,al estado o a cualquier municipalidad del mismo; estableciendo, aumentando o dis- minuyendo honorarios, porcientos o comneasaciones de fua- 15 cionarios piiblicos; modificando las leyes de sucesi6n; conse- diendo a cualquier corporaci6a, asociacidn o particular el de- recho de tender vfas f^rreas o cualesquiera privilegiosjnmu- nidades o franquicias especiales o exclusivas, o modificacio- nes a franquicias ya existentes para tal fin; modificando las reglas de eyidencia en nin^iin juicio o inquisici6n; estable- ciendo prescripci6n en pleitos o litigios; dando validaci6n a cualquier documento informal o nulo, testamento u otra es- critura; exentando propiedad de impuestos; restaurando a su ciudadanfa a personas condenadas de crfmenes infaman- tes; adopci6n olegitimaci6n de nifios;cambiando el nombre de personas o lugares; y creando, extendiendo o limitando de- rechos de retenci6n. En otro caso cualquiera donde una ley general pueda ser aplicable no se decretard ningana ley es- pecial. Sec. 25. No se decretardn leyes legalizando la acci6n in- autorizada o invdlida de ningiin f ancionario indultando cual- quier multa,pena,o juicio impuesto en contra de cualquier f un- cionario o validando el uso ilegal de fondos piiblicos. . Sec. 26: L*! legislatura no concederd a corporaci6n o per- sona alguna ningunos derechos, franquicias, privilegios, in- munidades o exenciones que bajo los mismos terminos y bajo condiciones iguales no recaigan igualmente a beneficio de todas las personas o corporaciones; ningiin de recho exclu- sivQ, franquicia, privilegio o inmunidad serd concedido por la legislatura ni por municipalidad alscuna de este estado. Sec. 27. Ninguna ley que d6 compensaci6a a ningiin fun- cioaario publico, sirviente, agente o contratista despues que los servicios hayan sldo rendidosocelebrado el contrato sera decretada; ni tampoco sera aumentada o disminuida la com- pensaci6n de ningiia f uncionario durante el perlodo de su iucumbencia salvo de la manera prescrita- en esta constitu ci6n. Sec. 28. Durante el perfodo de su incumbencia ningiin miembro de la legislatura serd, nombrado a ningiin empleo civil en el estado, ni debera, dentro de un afio despues, ser nombrado a ningiin empleo civil establecido, o cuyos emolu- 16 fl i meutos fueren aumentados, durante dicho perlodo; ni deberi ninRiia miembro de la legislatarai durante el perfodo de su incumbencia tener interns, directa o indirectamente, en nin- giin contrato con el estado o municipalidad alguna de ^1, au- torjzado por cualquier ley decretada durante dicho perlodo. Sec. 29. No se decretard ninguna ley que autoricela crea- ci6n de deudas a menos que la misma dispcnga que se le- ven suficientes impuestos para el pago del r^dito, y para la llquidaci6n del principal a su madurez. Sec. 30. Con excepci6n del pago de r^ditos u otros pagos hechos sobre la deuda piiblica los dineros de la tesorerfa 86lo serdn pagados por medio de presupuestos votados por la le- gislatura. Ningtin dinero serd pagado por la tesorerfa ex- cepto sobre la libranza expedida por el f uncionario propio. Cada ley que haga presupuestos especificard distintamente la suma apropiada y el objeto a que ha de dedicarse. Sec. 31. No se har&n presupuestos para fines de caridad, de educaci6n u otros prop6sitos de benevolencia a ninguna persona, corporaci6n, asociaci6n, instituci6n o comunidad que no est^ bajo la administraci6n absoluta del estado, pero la legislatura podrd, en su discrecidn, votar presupuestos para las instituciones decaridad y hos pi tales, para cuya man- tenc]6n f ueron hechos presupuestos anuales por la asamblea legislativa de 1909. Sec. 32. Ninguna obligaci6n o responsabilidad de perso- na, asociaci6n o corporaci6n alguna, tenida como propiedad o cr^dito del estado o de cualquiera corporaci6n municipal del mismo, ser4 jamds cambiada,transferida, indultada,relevada, pospuesta o en manera alguna reducida por la legislatura, ni ser& tal obligaci6n o deuda extinguida sino es por el saldo d3 la misma hecho a la propia tesorerfa o por el propio procedi- miento en la corte. Sec. 33. Ninguna persona serd exenta de prosecuci6n y castigo por crlmenes odelitos cometidos contra la ley de este est'tdo por motivo de la derogaci6n subsecuente de tal ley. Sec. 34. Ningiin acta de la legislatura afectard el derecho o remedio de cualquiera de las partes, ni moditicard las re- glds de evidencia o proceder en ninguna causa pendiente. 17 Sec. 35. La c&mara de representantes estd revestida dela plena facultad de instituir denuncias, necesit&adose para ei propio ejercicio la concurrencia de uaa mayorla de todos los miembros electos. Todas las denuncias seran jazgadas por el senado. Caando est^n en sesi6n paratalfio, los senado- res deberdn prestar juramento o afirmaci6n dehacer jasticia segtin la ley y la evidencia. Cuandoquiera que el gobernador o vice-gobernador est6 en juicio, el jaez superior de la corte suprema deberA de presidir, Ninguna persona serd conde- nada sin la concurrencia de dos terceras partes de los sena- dores electos. Sec. 36. Todos los oficiales y jueces de la corte de distri- to estaran sujetos a acusacida por crlmenes, malos procede- res y mala admiDistraci6a de su cargo, pero el juicio en tales casos no se extender^ mis alii que a la destituci6n del cargo y la descalificaci6n para tener niagun cargo de hoDor, con- fianza o provecho o de votar bajo ]as leyes de este estado;pero tal f uncionario o juez, ya sea que resulte condenado o absuel- to, estari sujeto, sin embargo, a prosecuci6D, juicio, dictimen, castigo o acci6n de conformidad con la ley. Ningiin f uncio- nario ejerceri las facultades o deberes de su cargo una vez notificado de su acusaci6n hasta que sea absuelto. Sec. 37. No seri legal el que un miembro de la legislatura use un billete gratuito, o com pre o reciba pasajeen ningwo ferrocarril bajo t^rmiuos a que no tenga acceso el publico en general; y la infracci6n de esta secci6n resultarien la confis- caci6n del encargo. Sec. 38. La legislatura decretari leyes para la prohibi- ci6n de trusts, monopolios y combinaciones restrictivas del comercio. Sec. 39. Cualquier miembro de U legislatura que vote o que use su influencia en pro o en contra de algiin asunto pendiente en cualquiera de ambas cimaras por remuneraci6n xnouetaria, cosa de valor, o promesa de ello, seri consi- derado culpable de cohecho; y cualquier miembro de la legis- latura u otra persona que directa o iudirectamente of reciere, diere o prometiere dinero, cosa de valor, privilegio o ventaja 9 18 personal, a cualquier miembro de la legislatura paraC ibflaen- ciarlo a que vote*ea pro o ea contra de as unto alguno pen^ dicnte ante cualesquierade ambas camaras;ocualquiera miem- bro de la legislatura que sollcite de persona o corporaci6n alguna dinert), cosa de valor, o ventaja personal en cambio d6 su vote o influencia como tal miembro, ser4 conaiderado cul- pable de soUcitaci6a de cohecho. Sec. 40. La persuna condenada de cualquiera de los deli- tos mfncionados en las secciones 37 y 39 de esta, sera consi- derada culpable de una felonla y al ser declarado culpable s^ra castigada por multa que no exceda de milpesos o por prisi6ri en la penitenciarfa por un termino de no menos que un'^>, ni niasque cinco aflos. S'^c. 41. Toda persona poira ser comDclida a declarar en cualquit^ra iDvestij^a''i6a o pn»cedimiento judicial en contra de otro acusadode cohechoo sc)licitaci6n de cohecho,segun ya detinido, y no se le permitira abstener su testimonio por ra- zon de que pudiera incriminarlo o sujetirlo aiofamiapublica; peru tal declaraci6a no podra uf^arseencontrarde elenningiifi procedimiento jadicial instituido en su contra a menos que ^-^t • sea por perjurio a' dar tal declaraci6n.^ ' • PRORATEO. Ha>ti que sea cambiido por ley s6giia aqui dispuesto, los di>tritos legislativos del estado quedan constituidos como si- gue: ' ; ^ DISTKITOS SENATORIALES. Primero. El condaio de San Miguel, un senador. Segundo- Los condados de San Miguel y Mora, un sena- dor, que sea residente del oondado de Mora y que* sea electo pir los electores de los condados de Mora y San Miguel; Tercero. Los condados de Guadalupe y San Miguel, un Sf^nador. Cuarto. El condado de Rio Arriba, un senador. Quinto. Los condados de Bernalillo, San Juan y Saodo- \a\ un senador. 19 Sexto. . Los condados de lUo Arriba y Sandoval, un sena- dor, , . Septimo. El condkdo de Bernalillo, un senador. Octavo. El condado de Colfax, un senador. Noveno. Los condados de Uni6n y CoJfax, un senador, que sea residente del condado de Uni6n y que sea electo por Ids electores cualificados de los condados de Uni6n y Colfax. D^cimo, El condado de Santa Fe, un senador. Und^cimo, El condado de Taos, un senador. Duodecimo. El condado de Valencia, un senador. Decimo-Tarcio. Los condados de Sierra, Grant, Luna y Socorro, un sejiacior. Decimo Cuarto. El condado de Socorro, un senador. Decimo-Qainto. Los condados de Torrance, Obero, Lincoln y Socorro, un senador. Decimo Sexto, 'El cor^dado de Dofia Ana, un senador. , Decimo-Septimo. El condado de McKinley, un senador, Deci mo-Octavo. Los condados de Otero y Lincoln, un s^ nado/. ... \ ' Decimo-Nono. El condado de Chdves, un senador. , Vigesiojo. El condado de Eddy, un senador. ' ' * Vigesimo-Primero. El condado de Roosevelt, un senador. Vig^simo Segando. El condado de Qaay, un senador. Vigesimo-Tercero. El condado de Curry, un senador. Vigesimo-Cuarto. El condado de Grant, un senador. DISTRITOS DE REPRESENTANTES. Primero. El condado de Valencia, dos miembros. Segando. El condado de Socorro, dos miembros. Tercero. El condado de Bernalillo, tres miembros, Cuarto. El condado de Santa Fe, dos miembros. Quinto. El condado de Rio Arriba, dos miembros. Sexto. El condado de San Miguel, tres miembros. Septimo. El condado de Mora, dos miembros. Octavo. El condado de Colfax, dos miembros, Noveno. El condaclo de Taos, dos miembros, D6cimo. El condado de Sandoval, un miembro. 20 Und^cimo. El condado de Uni6n, dos miembros, Duodecimo. El condado de Torrance, un miembro. D^cimo-Tercio. El condado de Guadalupe, un miembro. Decimo Cuarto. El condado de McKinley, dos miembros. D^cimoQuinto. El condado de Dofla Ana, dos miembros. Decimo- Sexto. El condado de Lincoln, un miembro. D^cimo-Septimo. El condado de Obero, un miembro. D^cimoOctavo. El condado de Chavez, tres miembros. D^cimo-Nono. El condado de Eddy, dos miembros. Vjgesimo. El condado de Roosevelt, un miembro. Vigesimo-Primero. El condado de Luna, un miembro. Vig^simo-Segundo. El condado de Grant, dos miembros. Vig^simo-Tercio, El condado de Sierra, un miembro. Vigesimo-Cuarto, El condado de San Juan, un miembro. Vigcsimo-Qainto. El condado de Quay, dos miembros. VigesimoSexto. El condado de Curry, un miembro. Vig6simoSeptimo, Los condados de Rio Arriba y Saindo- val, un miembro. Vigesimo-Octavo. Los condados de Torrance, Guadalupe y Santa Fe, un miembro, Vigesimo-Noao. Los condados de San Miguel y Guadalu- pe, un miembro, Trig^simo. Los condados de Lincoln, Otero y Socorro,un miembro. Al crearse un nuevo condado el mismo serd anexado para fines legislatives a un distrito contiguo. En su primera sesi6n tenida despu^s de la publicaci6ii del censo de los Estados Unidos en el afio de 1920 y en su prime- ra 8esi6n despu^s de cada censo de los Estados Unidos en lo sucesivo, la legislatura podra proratear los distritos legisla- tives del estado sobre la base de populacidu; entendido, que todo condado de los que componen cada distrito ha de estar contiguo a algiin otro condado de los que lo forman. ARTICULO V. DEPARTAMENTO EJECUTIVO. Sec. 1. El departamento ejecutivo se com pond r A de un 21 frobernador, vice-gobernador, secretario de estado, intea^en- te de estado, tesorero de estado, procurador general, supe- rintente de instrucci6ii piiblica, y comisionado de terrenoa piiblicos, los que serdn electos por el perfodo de cuatro alios comenzando el dia primero de Baero posterior a su elecci6n« Dichos fuQcionarios, excepto el cotnisionado de terrenos publicos y el superintendent 3 de instrucci6a piiblica, serin inelBKibles asucederse a sf* mismos despu^s de haber servida un perfodo completo. Los f ancionarios del departamenta ejecutivo, excepto el vice-gobernador, deberan, durante el perfodo de su incumbencia, residir y mantener sus registros publicos, lib ros, papel^s y sello de oficina en la capital del go- bierno. Sec. 2. Los resultados de cada elecci6n tenida para f un- cionarios de estado serd^n sellados y transmitidos al secreta- rio de estado, quien, en uni6n del gobernador y juez supe- rior, compondrdn el cuerpo de computadores, los que har&n el c6mputo y declarardn el resultado de la elecci6n. La per- sona que reciba el mds alto numero de votos para cualquier puesto segiin lo manifieste dicho resaltado, sera declarado debidamente electo. Si dos o mas tienen empate y este es el numero mas alto de votos para el mismo puesto, uno de los dos serd escogido por la legislatura en sesi6n unida de ambas cdmaras. Sec. 3. Ninguna persona ser4 elegible a puesto alecuno de los especificados en la sesi6n primera de esta, a menos que sea un ciudadano de los Estados Unidos,de no menos que trein- ta afios de edad,y que haya residido continuamente en Nuevo Mexico durante los cinco afios inmediatamente precedentes a su elecci6n; ni al puesto de procurador general, a menos q^e sea un licenciado de la corte suprema de Naevo Mexico en buen concepto; ni al puesto de superintendente de ins- trucci6n piiblica a menos que sea un educador instruido y de exneriencia. Sec. 4. El supremo poder ejecutivo del estado se deposita en el gobernador, quien vera que las leyes sean iSelmente ejecutada^. Sari comandante en jafe de las faerzis milita- 22 res del estado, salvo cuando ^stas sean Uamadas al servicio de los Estado$ Unidos^ Tended derecho a echar mano de la milicia para conservar la paz piiblica, ejecutar las le^es, su- primir insurreccioaes y repeler invasiones. • Sec. 5. El gobernador postulara, y, cx)n anuencia del^e- nado, nombrard a todos los f ancionarios cuyo escogimiento o elecci6n no se dispone de otra manera, y por incompeten- cia, negligencia del deber b mala administracidn de su em- pleo, tendrd facultad para .destituir a cualquier funcionario Bombrado por &. En caso de ocurrir vacancia en cualquier cargo de estado, haciendo exeepci6n 'del vicegobernador y miembros de la legislatura,el gobernador la suplira por nom- bramiento, y el escogido tendra el puesto hasta la subsi- S^uiente elecci6n general, cuando un sucesor sera escogido por el perfodc no expirado, ■ Sec. 6. Sujeto a las regulaciones que la ley'puedaprescri- bir, el gobernador tendrd, facultad para conceder suspensio- •nes de sentencia e indultos,despu6s de conyicci6n, por todos loii delitos excepto el de ti"aici6Q y en casos de coavicci6n por ^'impeachment. ' ' ' Sec. 7. , En casos de ocurrir vacancia en el cargo de go- bernador, el vice gobernador sucederd, al puesto, y asi mis-: mo a todas las facultades, deberesyemolumentos delmismo. En caso dchallarse el gobernador ausente del estado, .o que por raz6n alguna se halle inhabilitado para desempefiar sus deberes, el vice-gobernador f uncionarA como gobernador, Quedando revestido de las facultades, deberes y emolumen- tos de dicho puesto hasta que tal impedimento sea removido. En caso que no haya vicegobernador, o que por motive algu- no este no pueda desempefiar los deberes de gobernador, en tal caso el secretario de estado o, en caso qpe no haya secre- tarip de estado, o que por razon alguna el dicho no pueda des- empefiar los deberes de gobernador, entonces el presidente pro-tempore del senado sucederd, al puesto de gobernador, o funcionard como gobernador conforme aquf antes prescri- to. . ^ . Sec. 8. El vice-gQberhador serA presidents , del senado pero s61o votara cuando haya empate en el serado. 23 Sec. 9. Cada f ancioaario del departamento ejecativo y de las instituciones piiblicas del estado llevara cuenta de todos los dineros recibidos por el y dara ioformes de los mismos al gobernador, bajo juramento, anualmentfei y en otros tiem- pos. que el gobernador lo requiera, y, . al menos treinta dias antes de la 8esi6n regular de cada legislature ,♦ dara un inform tne pleno y completo^al gobernador, quien lo transmitird a la Ifegislatura.' ' • Sec. 10/ Habra^un sello de estado que se llamard'el **Gran Sello del Estado de Naevo Mexico," el cual estara en la cus- tb&ia del Secretario de estado, ' Sec. 11, ' Todas las comisiones se expediran a nombre del esta'do^ seran firmadas por el gobernador y atestiguadas por el secretario de estado quien imprimii a el sello de estado a l^s nQismas^ Sec. 12. La compensaci6n anual que se pagara a los fan cionarios enumerados en la secci6n primera de esteartfculo Sera como sigae: gobernador, cinco mil peso?, secretario de estado, tres mil pesos; intendente de estado, tres mil pesos; fesorero de estado, tres mil pesos ;proeurador general, cuatro foil pesos; superintendente de instrucci6n publLca, tres mil pesos; y comisionado de terrenes piiblicos, tres mil pesos, cuya compensaci6n sera pagada a los respectivosfunciona- rios en pages iguales cada trimestre. ' El vioe-gobernador recibira diez pesos al dia mientras este ejerciendo como oficial presidente del senado, y derechos de peaje por milla a la misma raz6n que un senador de estado. La compensaci6n asi fijada sera en page com pie to por todos los ser\icios rendidos por dichos f uncionarios y 6stos no re- cibiran ningunos otros honorarios o compensaci6n alguna. La compensacion de cualquiera de dichos f uncionarios po- dra ser aumentada o disminuida por ley despu6s de trans- curridos diez afios Dosteriores a la fecha de la admisi6n de Nuevo Mexico como estado. '' Sec'. 13. 'fodos los "f uncionariqs de distrito, condado, pre- clnto y municipio, serdn residentes de la subdivisi6n poUtica de donde hayan sido electos o nombrados. » 24 ARTICULOVI. DEPARTAMENTO JUDICIAL. Sec, 1. El poder judicial del estado se deposita en el se- nado cuando est^ en ejercicio como tribunal de denuncia^una corte suprema, cortes de distrito, cortes de pruebas, jueces de paz, y otros tribunales inferiores a las cortes de distrito que puedan ser establecidos por ley de tiempo en tieinpo en cualquier condado o municipalidad del estado incluso cortes de lojuvenil. Sec. 2. La jarisdicci6n de la corte suprema en apelacio- nes ser4 coextensiva con el estado, y se extendera a todos los juicios finales y deciciones de las cortes de distrito, y di. cha corte tendra la jarisdicci6n, en apelaciones de 6rdenes o decisiones interlocutorias de las cortes de distrito, que le sea conferida por ley. Sec. 3. La corte suprema tendrd, jurisdicci6n orginal en quo warranto y mandamus contra todos los f uncionarios de estado, cuerpos y comisiones, y tendrA dominio supervisor sobre todas las cortes inferiores; tendra tambien facultad para expedir autos de mandamus, error, prohibici6n, habeas corpus, certiorari, restricci6Q y todo auto necesario para el propio y pleno ejercicio de su jurisdicci6n y para oir y deter- minar los mismos. Dichos autos podrdn ser expedidos por mandate de la corte, o de cualquiera de sus jueces. Cada juez tendra facultad para expedir autos de habeas corpus a petici6n de una persona detenida bajo custodia actual, y or- denar que tales autos se hagan retornables ante el mismoo ante la corte suprema, o ante cualesquiera de las cortes de distrito o de cualesquiera juez de las mismas. Sec. 4. La corte suprema del estado se compondra de tres jueces los que seran electos por un perfodo de ocho afios en la elecci6n general tenida para representantes al congre- so. En la primera elecci6n tenida para f uncionarios de estado despues de adoptada esta constituci6n, se elegiran tres jue- ces de la corte suprema, quienes se cualificardn inmediata- 25 mente y se clasificardn por sorteo, a manera que uno de ellos tenga el puesto hasta cutnpUr caatro aflos, uno hasta cum- plir seis aflos, y uno hasta cumplir ocbo aflos,a partir del dia primero de Eaero, de 1913. Un certificado de tal clasifica- ci6ii ser4 archivado en el despacho del secretario de estado. Hasta que de otro modo se disponga por ley, el juez que tenj2:a de servir el perfodo mds corto ser4 el juez superior y presi- dir& en todas las sesiones de la corte; y en su ausencia el juez que tenga el perlodo mds corto siguiente, presidirA; pero ningun juez nombrado o electo para suplir una vacancia sera juez superior. Sec. 5. Una mayorla de los jaeces de la corte suprema serd necesaria para formar quorum para la transacci6a de negocios, y una mayorla de los jueces debe concurrir en to- dos los juicios dela corte. Sec. 6. Caandoquiera que alguno de los jaeces de la corte suprema tenga interns en causa alguna, o se halle ausente, o este incapacitado para servir, los restantes jueces de la corte podrdn, en su discreci6n, Uamar a cualesquiera de los jueces de distrito del estado para que ejerzi como juez de la corte. Sec. 7. La corte suprema tendra un termino cada un aflo, empezando el segundo miercoles de Enero, y estara todo el tiempo en sesi6n en la capital del gobierno; entendido, que la corte podra, de tiempo en tiempo, tomar los recesos que en su juicio puedan ser propios. Sec, 8. Ninguna persona estara habilitada para ejercer el puesto de juez de la corte suprema a no ser que tenga treinta afios de edad, que este instruido en el derecho y que haya es- tado practicando actualmente la ley y residiendo en este esta- do o en el territorio de Nuevo Mexico, durante no menos que tres afios. Cualquiera persona cuyo tiempo de servicio en la tribuna de cualquier corte de distrito de este estado o del territorio de Nuevo Mexico, afiadido el tiempo que haya es- tado practicando ley, como queda dicho, iguale a tres afios, estara por ello habilitado aunque no haya practicado ley los tres afios completes. Sec. 9. La corte suprema podri a discrecion nombrar y 26 destitnir a su taqulgrafo, bailiff, escribano y a cualesquiera otros oficiales y asistantes que prescriba la ley. Sec. 10. Despues de la publicaci6ii, del cerrso de los Esta- dos Unidos en el afio'de mil noVecientos veirite, la legislatura t'endrd facultad para acrecentar a cinco el niimero de jueces de la corte suprefna; entendido, sin embargo, que no mas de dos de dichos jueces serdn electos a la vez,exceptoparasuplir vacancia. *. Sec. .11. CadSt uno de los jueces de la corte suprema reel- Bird un salario anual de $6,000, que se pagard cada trimes- tre. 3ec. 12. El estado sera dividido en ocho distritos judicia les y un juez serd electo para cada uq distrito por los votan- tes cualificados del mismo enlaelecci6ntenidapararepresen- tantes al congreso. El perfodo de oficio para los jueces de distrito sera de seis afios. Sec. 13. La corte de distrito tendrd jurisdiccion original en todos los asuntos y causas no exceptuados por esta cons- tituci6n, y a la vez en casos y procedimientos especiales que le sean conferidos por ley, y jurisdicci6n en apelaciones de todas las. causas que se originen en cortes y tribunales infe- riores de sus respfectivos distritos, y dominio supervisor so- bre las mismas. Las cortes de distrito, o cualesquiera de los ]ueces de ellas, tend ran facultad para expedir autbs de habeas corpus, mandamus, restricci6n, quo ivarranto, certiorari, pro- nibici6n, y t'odo otro auto destinado a reparar algiih daflo o para otro fin, en el ejercicio de su jurisdicci6n; entendido, que ningiin tal auto se expedira contra jueces o cortes de jurisdicci6n igual o superior. Las cortes de distrito tendran tambien el poder de nafuralizaci6n de acuerdo con las leyes ^e los Estados Unidos. Hasta que la ley lo disponga de otro inodo, al menos dos terminos de la corte de distrito serin tenidos anualmente en cada condado, en la cabecera del con- dado. i Sec. .14. Las cualificaciones de los jueces de distrito ser^Hi las mismas requeridas en los jueces de la corte suprema-Ca; da juez de distrito residira en el distrito para el cual haya si- do electo. 27 , Sec. 15. Todo juez de distrito podra tener corte de dis- trito en cualquier condado a siiplica del juez de tal distrito. . Cuandoquiera que los negocios publicos lo requieran, el juez superior de la corte suprema designard a cualquier juez de distrito del estado para que tenga cortes en cualquier dis- trito y dos o mas jueces de distrito podrdn ejercer ,. l^ funciones de tales en cualquier distrito o condadp, separada- mente, al mismo tiempo. Si algiin juez estuviere deshabili- tado para oir cualquier causa en el distrito, las partes, o sus abogados de registro, podran escoger a un miembro del foro para que oiga y determine dicha causa, y eje.rza las f uncio-. i;ies de juez interino en la misma. . Sec. 16. La legislatura podra acrecentar el niimero de jueces de distrito de cualquier distrito judicial, y estos seran electos de la misma manera que lo son los otros jueces de distrito. En su primera sesi6n, posterior a la publicaci6n del eenso de los Estados Unidos en el afio de 1920, y en la primer sesi6n subsecuente a cada un censo de los Estados Unidos en lo sucesivo, la legislatura podra restablecer los distritos del estado, acrecentar el niimero de ellos, y proveer un juez de distrito para cada un distrito adicional. . Sec. 17. Cada juez de Ja corte de distrito recibira un suel-, do anual de cuatro mil quinientos pesos pagadero por el es- tado cada trimestre. , Sec. .18. Ningun juez de corte alguna, ni juez de paz, ex- pepto por consentiraiento de todas las partes, podra sentarse. en el juicio de causa alguna en que cualquiera de las partes Utigantes este relacionado con ^1 por afinidad o consanguinl- dad dentro, del grado de prima hermano,- o en la cual haya sido abogado, o en el juicio de la cual haya presidido en cual-, quier tribunal inferior, o en la cual tenga interes. . Sec. 19. Ningun juez de la corte suprema o de las cortes^ de distrito sera postulado o electo a ningun otro puesto en el estado que no seaun cargo judicial. Sec. 20. Todos los autos y procesos se expediran, y todas. las prosecuciones se conduciran en el uombredel **Estadode Nuevo Mexico.*' 28 Sec. 21. Los jueces de la corte suprema en el estado, los jueces de distrito en sus respectivos distritos y los jueces de paz en sus respectivos condados, serdn conservadores de la paz. Los jueces de distrito y los jueces de pdz podrdn tener examinaciones preliminares en causas criminales. Sec. 22, Hasta que de otro modo lo dlsponga la ley, en cada condado se elegird un escribano de condado, quien, en el condado por el cual sea electo, desempefiard los deberes que actualmente desempeflan los escribanos de las cortes de dis- trito y los escribanos de la corte de pruebas. Sec. 23. Queda establecida en cada condado una corte de pruebas, la cual serd corte de registro, y, hasta que de otro modo lo disponga la ley, tendrd la misma jurisdicci6n que actualmente ejercen las cortes de pruebas del Territorio de Nuevo Mexico. La legislatura tendrd facultad para conferir de tiempo en tiempo a la corte de pruebas en cualquier con- dado de este estado, jurisdicci6n general civil co-extensiva con el condado; entendido, sin embargo, que dicha corte no tendrA jurisdiccion en causas civiles en que el asunto en con- troversia exceda de] valor de mil pesos, exclusivo de r^dito; ni en acci6n alguna por prosecuci6n maliciosa, divorcio y sustentaci6n, calumnia y libelo, ni en acci6n alguna instituida contra funcionarios publicos por mala conducta en su cargo; ni en acci6n alguna para la ejecuci6n especffica de contratos celebrados para la venta de propiedad raiz; ni en acci6n algu- na instituida para la posesi6n de terrenes; ni en asuntos en que el tltulo o linderos de terrene puedan estar en disputa o que vengan en cuesti6n; ni en conceder autos de restricci6n, habeas corpus, o autos extraordinarios. Podra conferirse jurisdicci6n a los jueces de dicha corte para que funcionen como magistrados de examinaciones y detenciones en causas criminales, y a dichas cortes para que funcionen en el juicio deprocesos de mal comportamientodonde el castigo nopueda ser de prision en la penitenciarfa o en que la multa no pueda exceder de mil pesos. El jurado para el juicio de tales cau. sas consistirA de seis hombres. Cualquier causa civil o criminal pendiente en la corte de 29 pruebas en la cual el juez de pruebas est6 deshabilitado, serd trasladada a la corte de distrito del mismo condado, para su juicio. Sec. 24. HabrA un fiscal de distrito para cada un distrito judicial, que serd instruido en la ley, y deberd haber sido re- sidente de Nuevo Mexico durante el perlodo de tres aflos in mediatamente precedentes a su elecci6n; ser4 el oficial de la ley del estado y de los condados situados dentro de su distri- to, sera electo por el perlodo de cuatro aflos, y desempefiard los deberes y recibira el salario que le sean designados por la ley. La legislatura tendra facultad para disponer que se elijan fiscales de distrito adicionales en cualquier distrito judicial y para designar los condados en que deban servir los fiscales de distrito; pero ninguno sera electo para ningiin distrito del cual no sea residente. Sec. 25. El estado serd dividido en ocho distritos judicia- les, a saber: Primer distrito. Los condados de Santa F6, Rio Arriba y San Juan. Segundo distrito. Los condados de Bernalillo, McKinley y Sandoval. Tercer distrito. Los condados de Dofla Ana, Otero, Lin- coln y Torrance. Cuarto distrito. Los condados de San Miguel, Mora y Guadalupe. Quinto distrito. Los condados de Eddy, Chaves, Roosevelt y Curry. Sexto distrito. Los condados de Grant y Luna. S^ptimo distrito. Los condados de Socorro, Valencia y Sierra. Octavo distrito. Los condados de Taos, Colfax, Uni6n y . Quay. Siempre que seau establecidos nuevos condados, la legisla- tura tendra facultad para adherirlos a cualquier distrito con- tiguo para fines judiciales. Sec. 26. Los jueces de paz, magistrados de policfa y con- 30 destables seran electos para los precintos o distritos que dispone la ley actualmente o que pueda disponer para el futu- re. Dichos jueces y magistrados de policfa no tendrin. juris-. dicci6n en ningiin asunto en el cual el tftulo de propiedad raiz o los linderos de tierras puedan estar en disputa o en cuesti6n o en que la deuda o suma reclamada exceda de do- cientos uesos exclusivo del r^dito. Sec. 27. Se concede el derecho de apelaci6n a las cortes de distrito en todo caso de juicio final y decisiones de las cor- tes de pruebas y de los jueces de paz, y en todas las dichas apelaciones, el juicio serd tenido de novo a menos que de otra manera lo prescriba la ley. ARTICULO VII. DEL SUFRAGIO. ELECTORAL. Sec. 1. Todo ciudadano varon de los Estados Unidos, que tenga arriba de veintiun afios de edad, y que haya residido en Nuevo Mexico doce meses, en el condado noventa dias, y en el precinto en el cual ofrece votar, treinta dias,inmedia- tamente precedentes a la eleccion, excepto idiotas, personas dementes, personas cond^nadas de. crimen felonioso o infa- mante, a menos que hayan sido restituidos a sus derechos .polfticos, e indios no tasados.tendra las cualificaciones para votar en todas las elecciones tenidas para f uncionarios piibli- cos. Todas las elecciones de escuelas serin tenidas en tiem- pos distintos do las otras elecciones. Las mujeres que po- sean las cualificaciones prescritas en esta secci6n para votan- tes varones seran votantes cualificados en todas Jas dichas elecciones de escuelas; entendido, que si una mayorfa de los votantes cualificados de cualquier distrito de escuelas pre- sentan petiei6n al cuerpo de comisionados de condado contra el sufragio de la mujer en tal distrito no meuos que treinta dias antes de cualquiera elecci6n de escuelas, en tal caso Jas . prescripciones de esta secci6n relativas al sufragio de la mujer quedaran suspendidas,y dichaprescripci6n solamente sera operativa de nuevo al archivarse con dicho cuerpo una peticion firmada por una mayorla de los votantes cualificados &r favor de la restauraci6n de las mrismas. El cuerpo de comb- sionados de condado certificaran lasuspensi6n o restauracr6n de dicho suf ragio al propio distrito de escuelas- La legislatura tendra facultad para exigir la registracion delos votantes cualificados como requisite para votar, y re- gulara la manera, tiempo y luerares de votaci6ii. La legisla- tura decretari leyes que aseguren la secrecia del voto, la pu- reza de las elecciones y leyes que prevengan contra el abuso de la franquicia electoral. No mds que dos de los miembros del cuerpo de registraci6n, y no mas que dos jueces de elec- ci6n, perteneceran al mismo partido politico al tiempo de sn nombramiento. Sec. 2. Todo ciudadano var6n de los Estados Unidos sien- do residente del estado y votante cualificado del mismo, ten-- dralas cualidades para ejercer cualquier cargo publico en el estado, excepto aquello que de distinto modo disponga esta constituci6n; entendido, sin embargo, que las mujeres que posean las cualificaciones de los votantes varones prescritas en el parrafo primero de este artfculo estaran cualificadas para ejercer el puesto de superintendente de eseuelas de coDdado, y seran tambien elegibles por elecci6n al puesto de director de eseuelas o miembros del cuerpo de educaci6n. Sec. 3. El derecho de todo ciudadano del estado, a votar ejercer cargos publicos o servir como jurados, jamas serA restringido, coartado o limitado por motive de religi6n, razi, idioma o color, o inhabilidad para hablar, leer o escribir los idiomas Ingles oEspaftol,excepto en aquello que de otro modo lo disponga esta constituci6n, y las prescripciones de esta secci6n y-dela secci6n primera de este artfculo jamas seran modificadas sino es por el voto del pueblo de este esta- do en una elecci6n en la cual no menos que tres cuartas par^ tes de los electores que voten en todo el estado, y no meilds que dos terceras partes de los que voten en cada condado del estido, voten atavoi* de tal modificaci6n. Sec. 4. El derecho de residencia no *se considerara- haber sido adquirido o perdido por raz6n de la i5resencia o ausen- cia de una persona mientras esta se halle*temporariamente 32 • en el servicio de los Estados Unidos o del estado, ni mientras sea estudiante en alguna escuela. Sec. 5, Todas las elecciones serdn por boletos, y la per- sona que reciba el mds alto niimero de votes para cualquier puesto ser4 declarado electo. ARTICULO VIII. IMPUESTOS Y RENTAS. Sec. 1. La proporci6n de impuestos serd igual y uniforme en todos los sujetos de tasaci6n. Sec. 2. La legislatura tendra facultad para disponer que se leven y recauden licencias, franquicias, impuestos sobre licores, gananciales, herencias colaterales y directas, legados y sucesi6n; tambien impuestos graduados sobre gananciales, graduados sobre herencias colaterales y directas, graduados sobre legados y sucesi6n, y otros impuestos especlficos, in- cluyendo tasas sobre la produccion de minas, terrenes acei- teros y selvas; pero no se permitirdn impuestos dobles. Sec. 3. La enumeraci6n .de sujetos de impuestos hecha en la seeci6n segunda de este artfculo no privara a la legislatura del derecho de requerir que otros sujetos sean tasados en la manera que sea consistente con los principles de impuestos establecidos en esta constituci6n. Sec 4. Se levari anualmente para rentas del estado un impuesto que no exceda de cuatro mil6simos sobre cada un peso del avaloramiento asesado de la propiedad del estado, excepto para el sost6n de las instituciones de educaci6n, pe- nales y de caridad del estado, el pago de la deuda piiblica y el redito sobre la misma. Durante los primeros dos afios despues que esta constituci6n tome efecto la leva anual de impuestos para todos fines del estado, exclusive de las levas necesarias para la deuda del estado, no excederd de doce mi- lesimos; y en lo sucesivo no excedera diez mil6simos. Sec. 5. Queda por esta establecido un cuerpo de iguala- miento de estado el cual se compondrd del gobernader, con- tador ambiilante, intendente del estado, secretario de estado J 33 y procurador general. Hasta que se disponga de otro modo» dicho cuerpo tendrd y ejercerd todos los poderes de que aho- ra esta revestido el cuerpo de igualamiento territorial. Sec. 6. La legislatura no tendrd facultad para relevar o descargar a ningiin condado, ciudad, plaza, distrito de escue- las u otra Gorporaci6n municipal o subdivisi6n del estado, de su proporci6n de impuestos levados para cualquier fin. Sec. 7. La propiedad de los Estados Unidos, del estado y de todos los condados, plazas, ciudades y distritos de escue- cuelas, y de otras corporaciones municipales; bibliotecas pii- blicas, acequias de comunidad y. late rales de las mismas, to- das las propiedades de iglesias, todas las propiedades dedica- das a fines educacionales o de caridad, todos los cementerios que no sean usados o tenidos para fines pecuniarios por par- ticulares o corporaciones, y todos los bonos del estado de Nuevo Mexico, y de sus condados, municipalidades y distri- tos quedardn exentos de impuestos. Sec. 8. La facultad para licenciar y levar impuestos sobre corporaciones y propiedades de corporaciones no serdrenun- ciada ni suspendida por el estado ni subdivisi6n alguna de eJ; entendido, que la legislatura podrd, por medio de ley gene- ral, eximir de impuestos a ferrocarriles nuevos por un perlo- do que no exceda de seis aflos a partir de la fecha de la con- clusi6n de cualquier tal ferrocarril y ramales; para los fines de impuestos dicho ferrocarril se considerard concluido en lo que toca a cualquier divisi6n operativa del mismo, cuando 6sta sea puesta al publico para negocios; y nuevas fabricas de azdcar, fundiciones, obras de reducci6n y refinerias, em- presas de bombas para fines de regadlo, obras de regadlo, durante no mds que seis alios a partir del tiempo de su esta- blecimiento. Sec-9. Toda propiedad situada dentro de los Hmites te- rritoriales de la autoridad encargada de levar impuestos* y sujeta a impuestos, serd tasada dentro de dichos Ifmites para fines de estado, condado, municipio y otros; entendido, que el cuerpo de igualamiento del estado determinard el valor de toda la propiedad de los ferrocarriles, companfas de express, 3 34 de coches dormitorios, telegrafos, telefonos, y otras empre- sas de trasportaci6n o transmisi6n, usadas por dichas com- pafilas en la operaci6n de sus ferrocarriles, coches dormito- rios, Ifneas telegrdficas o telef6nicas, u otras Ifneas de tras- portaci6n o transmisi6n, y certificardn la valuaci6n asi deter- minada a las autoridades encargadas de hacer los impuestos en los condados y municipios. Sec, 10. Cualquier fuhcionario publico que haga ganancia pecuniaria de dineros piiblicos, o que use los mismos para cualquier fin no autorizado por la ley, serd considerado cul- X)able de una felonla y castigado segiin prescrito por la ley, y quedard descualificado para ejercer puestos piiblicos. Todos los dineros piiblicos que no esten invertidos en seguros que produscan r^dito seran depositados en bancos nacionales en este estado o en bancos o compaflias de fideicomiso incorpo- rados bajo las leyes del estado, y el r^dito derivado de los mismos sera aplicado en la manera prescrita por la ley. Sec. 11. La legislatura podrd exentar de tasaci6n bienes de cada cabeza de familia hasta la suma de docientos pesos. Sec. 12. Las tierras tenidas en grandes trechos no serdn asesadas para impuestos a menor valor por acre que las tie- rras del mismo caracter o calidad igualmente situadas, teni- das en trechos mas chicos. La circunstancia de que un te- rrene est6 arado no se considerara cemo cosa que afiada valor al mismo tratdndpse de impuestos. Sec. 13. No se expedird ejecuci6n por juicio dictaminado contra el cuerpo de comisionados de condado de ningiin con- dado ni contra ciudad, plaza o villa incorporada alguna, dis- trito de escuelas o cuerpo de educaci6n; ni en contra de nin- gun f uncionario de condado, ciudad, distrito de escuelas o cuerpo de educaci6n, en ningiin juicio dictaminado en su contra bajo su cardcter o capacidad oficial y por el cual el condado, ciudad, plaza o villa incorporada, distrito de escue- las o cuerpo de educaci6n, es responsable, sino que el mismo aerd pagado del producto de impuestos leyados en la misma manera que son pagadas otras responsabilidades de los con- dados, ciudades, plazas y villas incorporadas, distritos de es- 35 cuela o cuerpos de educacion, y cuando las tasas sean asi re- caudadas seran pagadas por el tesorero de condado al acree- dor en el juicio. ARTICULO IX. DEUDAS DE ESTADO, CONDADOS Y MUNICIPIOS. Sec. 1. El estado asume las deudas y responsabilidades del territoi*io de Nuevo Mexico, y las deudas de los condados del mismo,que eran vdlidas y subsistlan el veinte de Junio de mil novecientos diez,y compromete su f6 y su credito al pago de las mismas. La legislatura, en su primera sesi6n, har& provisi6n para el saldo 7 ainortizaci6n de las mismas por me- dio de la emisi6n y venta de bonos, o de otra manera. Sec. 2. Ningiin condado sera requerido a pagar ninguma porci6n de la deuda de otro condado asi asumida por el esta- do, y los bonos de los condados de Grant y Santa Fe los cua- les f ueron validados, aprobados y confirmados por acta del congreso de Enero 16, 1897, serdn pagados en la manera aqui adelante dispuesta. Sec. 3. Los bonos autorizados por ley para hacer provii^i6tt para el saldo fie dichas deudas serdn emitidos en tres series, a saber: Serie A. Para proveer para el pago de dichas deudas y responsabilidades del Territorio de Nuevo Mexico. Serie B. Para proveer para el pago de las deudas de di- chos condados. Serie C. Para proveer para el pago de los bonos. e interns acumulado sobre los mismos, de los condados de Grant y Santa Fe los cuales f ueron validades, aprobados y confirma- dos por acta del congreso, de Enero 16 de mil ochocientos no- venta y siete. Sec. 4. Los propios f uncionarios del estado deberdn, taa pronto como sea practicable, escoger y localizar el mill6n de acres de tierra concedido al estado por el congreso para el pago de los dichos bonos de los condados de Grant y Santa Fe, y vender los mismos o suficiente parte de ellos para pa- 36 ^r ei interns y principal de los bonos de la serie C, emitidos segt^n prescrito en la secci6n tercera de ^ste. EJl producto de los arrendamientos y ventas de dichas tierras se conser- Tsri en fondo separado y se aplicard al pago del interes y principal de los bonos de la serie C. Cuandoquiera que no liaya suficiente dinero en dicho fondo para hacer f rente a los requerimientos del r6dito y del fondo de amortizaci6n, la de- ficiencia serA pagada de cualesquiera fondos del estado no aoropiados para otros fines, y serd reembolsado al estado o a los varies condados que puedan haber suplido cualesquiera parte del mismo bajo leva general, del product© quesubse- ^cuentemente se reciba de arrendamientos y ventas de dichas laerras. Todos los dineros recibidos por el estado como producto de los arrendamientos y ventas de dichas tierras en exceso de las cantidades requeridas para los fines ya mencionados se- rin puestos en los fondos corriente y permanente de escue- Jas del estado respectivamente, Sec. 5. La legislatura jamAs decretard ninguna ley que releve a ningtin condado, ni a propiedad alguna sujeta a con- tribuciones situada dentro del mismo, de su obligaci6n de reembolsar al estado cualesquiera dineros gastados por 61 por motive de haber asumido o pagado la deuda de tal con- dado. Sec. 6. La legislatura jamAs decretarA ninguna ley vali- dando o legalizando, directa o indirectamente, los bonos de la milicia que se contiende est4n pendientes en contra del Territorio de Nuevo Mexico,ni porci6n alguna de los mismos; y ningtin tal bono sera evidencia prima fade o conclusiva de la validez de la deuda que el mismo pretenda evidenciar o por cualquiera otro bono de milicia* Fsta disposici6n no serd interpretada como autorizaci6n para que se instituya pleit© alguno en contra del estado. Sec. 7. El estado podrA obtener empr^stitos de dinero one no excedan en total la suma de docientos mil pesos para .bacer f rente a los deficits contingentes, falta de ingresos de xentas o para los gastos necesarios. El estado podrd tam- 87 bi6n contratar deudas para suprimir insarrecciones y par» hacer prevencidn para la defensa piiblica. Sec. 8. Ninguna deuda, salvo las especificadas en la see- ci6n precedente, serd contratada por el estado, o en sa nom- bre, a menos que sea autorizada por ley para dedicarse a al- guna, obra u objeto especificado; cuya ley deberd prescribir que s^ ha^a una leva anual de impuestos suficiente para par- gar el r^dito y proveer un fondo de amortizaci6n para pagar el principal de tal deuda dentro del t^rmino de cincuenta aflos a partir del tiempo del contrato. Dicha ley no tendr4 ef ecto hasta que haya sido sometida a los electores cualificor dos del estado y recibido la aprobaci6n de una mayorfa de' todos los votos dados sobre la misma en una e1ecci6n general; dicha ley seri publicada por entero en no menos que un pe- ri6dico en cada condado del estado, si alguno hubiere, unft vez cada semana, durante cuatro semanas sucesivas inmediar taoiente precedentes a dicha elecci6n. Pero ninguna deuda sera asi creada en caso que afiLadida a la deuda total del esta- do, sin contar ]as deudas del territorio, y de los varies coa- dados del mismo, asumidas por el estado, liegara por ello a exceder el uno por ciento de la valuaci6a asesada de toda la propiedad sujeta a tasaci6n en el estado segun lo manifieste el amillaramiento general precedente. Sec. 9. Todos los dineros, producto de pr^stamos torna- dos por el estado, o por cualquier condado, distrito o muni- cipalidad del mismo, se aplicardn al fin para el cual fueron obtenidos, o al saldo de dicho prestamo« y no para ningtui otro fin cualquiera que sea. Sec. 10. Ningiin condado obtendrd pr^stamos de dinero, excepto con el fin de eregir los edificios ptSblicos necesarioa o para la coastrucci6n o reparacioaes de caminos y puentes publicos, y en tales casos s6lo despu^s que la proposici6a para crear dicha deuda haya sido sometida a los electores cualificados del condado, que hayan pagado tasaci6n sobre^ propiedad locada dentro del mismo durante el aflo precedente, y que haya recibido la aprobaci6n de una mayorfa de los que voten en dicha elecci6n. Los bonos emitidos para tales fines 38 no se extenderdn a un t^rmino m&s largo que cincuenta ados. Sec. 11. NiDfj^in distrito de escuelas obtendrd pr^dtamos de dinero, sino es para eregir y amueblar edificios de escue- las o para comprar terrenos para escuelas, y en tales casos 86I0 cuando la proposici6a para crear la deuda haya side so- metida a log yotantes cualificados del distrito, y aprovada por una mayorfa de los que votea en la elecci6D. Niagun distrito de escuelas contraeri jamds deuda en una caatidad que exceda del seis per ciento del amillaramiento asesado de la propiedad sujeta a contribuciones en dicho distrito de es- caelasi segtia lo manifieste el amillaramiento general prece- dente. Sec. 12. Ninguna ciudad, plaza o villa contraeri deuda alguna a menos que sea por medio de ordenanza, irrevocable liasta que la deuda autorizada por la misma haya sido total- jnente pagada o descargada, y la cual especificari los fines a que ban de aplicarse los fondos asi producidosj y la cual dis- pondri que se imponga una leva de tasaci6D, que no exceda de doce mil^simos en el peso sobre toda la propiedad sujeti a contribuci6n situada dentro de los Ifmites de dicha ciudad, plaza o villa, suficiente para pagar el r^dito y liquidar el prin- csipal de dicha deuda en el t^rmino de cincueuta aflos. Los productos de tal impuesto 86I0 serin apiicados al pago de dicho interns y principal. Pero dicha deuda no sera incu- Trida a menos que la proposici6n sea sometida al voto de los electores cualificados que hayan pagado contribuci6Q sobre propiedad durante el afiLo precedente,en una e]ecci6n regular para miembros del concilio, regentes u otros f uncioaarios de dicha ciudad, plaza o villa, y recibido la aprobaci6n de una mayorla de los quevotenen la cuesti6n, por medio de los boletos depositados en una caja de escrutioio separada. Sec. 13. Ningiin condado, ciudadi plaza o villa incurrird jain&s deuda alguna que en su totalidad, incluyeodo deudas ya existentes, exceda el caatro por ciento del valor de la propiedad sujeta a impuestos dentro de los Ifmites de tal csondado, ciudad, plaza o villa, segun lo manifie.ste el ultimo precedente amillaramiento hecho para contribuciones de es- 39 tado o condado; y todos los bonos u obligaciones emitidos en exceso de dicha suma serdn nulos; entendido, que cualquier ciudady plaza o villa podrdcontr^er deudas en exceso de dicha linaitacidn para la construcci6n o compra de obras para sn- mlDistrar agua, o de un sistema de cloacas, para dicha ciu- dad, plaza o villa. Sec. 14. Ni el estado, ni condadO) distrito de escuelas* o municipalidad alguna,excepto de la manera que de otro modo lo prescriba estacon8tituci6o, p restart o comprometeri su cr^dito, sea directa o indirectamente, ni hard donaci6a algu- na para, o en, ayuda de ninguna persona, asociacidn o corpo- raci6n pubiica o privada^ o en ayuda de ninguna empresa privada para la coastrucci6n de ferrocarril algiin; entendido, que nada de lo aqui expuesto serd interpretado como prohi- bici6n al estado o a cualquier condado o municipalidad para proveer el modo de cuidar y mantener a persoDas enfermas o indigentes. Sec. 15. Nada de lo expresado en este artlculo se inter- pretard como prohibici6n dela emisi6n de bonos para el pago o amortizaci6n de los bonos vdlidos del estado, o de cualquier condadO) distrito, o municipio y no sera necesario someter a votaci6n la proposicidn de la emisi6n de dichos bonos. ARTICULO X. CORPORACIONES DE CONDADO Y MUNICIPALES. Sec. 1- La legislatura, en su primer sesi6Q) clasificara los condados y fijard los salaries para todos los funcionarios de. condado, los cuales deberdn aplicarse al mismo tiempo, a los que sean elector en la primera eleccioa ba jo esta constituci6n. Y ningiin fuocioaario de condado recibird para su propio use otros honorarios o emolumentos fuera del sueldo anual pres- crito por ley, y todos los honorarios gacados por cualquier funcionario serdn por ^L colectados y depositados en la teso- rerfa del condado. Sec. 2. Todos los funcionarios de condado serdn electos por el perfodo de cuatro alios y ninguno de ellos, excepto el 40 escribano de condado y el jaez de pruebas, despu^s de haber servido un perfodo completo, serd elegible para ejercer nin- Riin puesto de condado durante los subsecaentes cuatrp alios. Sec. 3. En los condados donde . haya existentes edificios de condado no se cambiari su cabecera a menos que tres quintas partes de los votos dados sobre la proposicidn del cambio por electores cualificados en una elecci6n proclamada y tenida de conformidad con las prescripcionea de la ley ac- tualmente vigente, o ley futura, aprueben tal combio. La prcposici6n del cambio no serA sometida en el mismo conda- do mis ainenudo que una vez en cada ocho afios. ARTICULO XI. CORPORACIONES NO MUNICIPALES. Bee. 1. Una comisi6a permanente que constard de tres miembros y que se denomiaard '*Comisi6n de Corporaciones de Estado," queda por ^ste establecida. Sec. 2. J JOS miembros de la comisidn serdn electos por el perfodo de seis aflos; entendido, que los que sean escogidos en la primera elecci6n de f uncionarios de estado se cualifica- rdn e inmediatamente se clasificardn por medio de sorteo, a manera que uno de ellos teuga el puesto hasta cumplir dos aflos, uno hasta cumplir cuatro aflos, y uno hasta cumplir seis &flos a partir del primero de Enero de mil noveciento3 trece; y en lo sucesivo seelegird un comisioaado en cadaelec- ci6n general. Sec. 3. Ningiia oficial, agente o empleado de ninguna compaflfa de terrocarril, express, tel6grafo, tel^fono, coches dormitories, o de trasportacidn o transmisi6D, inter repre- sente a dicha compaflfa, ni persona alguna interesada pecu- niariamente en las mismas, ejercerd el puesto de miembrode la comisi6Q, ni desempeflara nmguno de los deberes de la misma, y ningiin comisionado estard revestido de las cuali- dades para el ejercicio de tal en ningdn asunto pendiente an- te la comJsi6n, en el cual ^l este interesado, sea como princi* pa], agente o abogado. 41 Sec 4. La comisida elegir& anualmente a ano de bus miembros como su presideate y tendri un escribano, y otros empleados, asistentes y subordinados que la ley *pres- criba todos los que deber&a ser nombrados por la coini3i6a y estar&n sajetos a destitaci6a por la mis ma. La comisi6a prescribirA sus propias reglas de ordea y proceder, salvo las ya especifieadas eae^ti coastltaci6a. El proGurador ge- neral del estado, o su represeataate legalmeate aatorizado, serd el abogado de la comisi6a. Sec. 5. La legislatura proveerd oficinas propias para la comisi6a y fondos para sus gastos legates, iacluso gastos ne- cesarios de viaje, homorarios y vi&tico de testigos y costos para la ejecuci6Q de los procesos expedldos por la comisi6a o por la corte suprema o las eorbes de distrlto. El salario de cada UQ comisionado sera tres mil pesos al aflo, pagadero tri- mestralmente. Sec. 6. Sujeto a las prescripciones de esta constituci6n, y a los requisitos, reglas y regulaciones que pueda disponer la ley, la comisida de corporaciones de estado serd el departa- mento del gobierno por medio del cual se expedir&n todas las f ranquicias para corporaciones domesticas, refer mas o extensioaes hechas a las mis mas, y todas las licencias conce- didas a corporaciones fordneas para que puedan transar ne- gocios en este estado; y por medio del cual serdn Uevadas a cabo las disposiciones de esta constituci6n que se relacionan con las corporaciones y de las leyes decretadas de conformi- dad con ella. La comisi6n prescribird la f6rmula de todos los informes que puedan ser requeridos de las corporaciones por esta constituci6n o por la ley, y deber&n colectar, recibir y confirmar dichos informes, tabularlos anualmente y publi- carlos. Todos los honorarios que por disposici6n de la ley deban pagarse por el archivo de artfculos de incorporaci6n, informes y otros documentos, seran recaudados por la comi- si6n y depositados en la tesorerla del estado. Todas las f ran- quicias, papeles y documentos relacionados con las corpora- clones que se hallen archivados en la oflcina del secretario del territorio,del comisionado de aseguranzasy en cualquiera 42 otra oficioa territorial, serdn trasladados al despacho de la comisi6n. Sec, 7. La comisi6a queda encargada del deber y facultad para fijar, determinar, revestir, regular y gobernar todos lo& precios y portes de las compaflfas de ferrocarril, express^ tel^grafo, tel^fono, coches dormitorios y otras vfas de tras- porte y transmisidn y porteadores comunes que operen den- tro de los Hmites del estado; para exigir a las compaflfas f^- rreas que provean y mantengan estaciones adecuadas, corra- Ics para el ganado, edificios de estaciones, agentes y facili- dades para comodidad de los pasajeros y para el recibo y entrega de car gas y express; y para pro veer y mantener las necesarias cruzadas, caflos y vfas de escape en, y a lo largo de, sus vfas f^rreas, cuandoquiera que en el juicio de la comi- 8i6n lo requieran los iatereses pdblicos, y que sea razonable yjusto. La comisi6ntendrd tambi^Q facultad, y queda en- cargada del deber de establecer y enforzir regulaciones ra- zonables y jastas requirieado que se suministren furgones, coches y equipos para uso de los fletadores y pasajeros, y exigir a todos los ferrocarriles dentro del estado, compaflfas de trasporte o porteadores comunes que sumiaistren los ar- tefactos de seguridad razonables en conexi6n con todo el equipo, necesarios y propios para la seguridad de sus em- pleados y del piiblico, y que actualmente son, o puedan ser^ requeridos por las leyes federales, reglas y regulacipnes que gobiecnan el comercio de estado-a-estado. La comisi6n ten- drd facultad para camblar o alterar tales precios, cambiar alterar o reformar sus ordenauzas, reglas, regulaciones o de- termioacioaes, y de enforzar las mismas en la manera aqui prescrita; entendido, que en el asunto de fijar los precios de porte de las compaflfas de tel^fono o tel^grafo, debera darse debida consideraci6n a las ganancias, capital Invertido y gas- tos totales existentes deutro del estado. La comisi6n tendri facultad paracitar testigos y enforzar su atendencia ante ella por conducto de cualquier corte de distrito o de la corte su- prema del estado, y por medio de tal corte imponer castigo por contumacia; y tendrd facultad, tras debida audiencia, pa* 43 ra determinar y decidir toda cuesti6Q que aqui se le impone' y en caso de la falta o decliaacida de cualquiera persona, compatLfa o corporaci6n en cumplir con cualquiera ordenanza en el tlempo limitado por la misma, a menos que una orden de traslaci6n haya sido tomada de tal ordenanza por la com- pafLfa o corporaci6n a la corte suprema del estado* se hard inmediatamente el deber de la comisi6n de trasladar tal or- denanza, junto con la evidencia aducida en la audiencia y los docunientos que tengan relaci6n con la causa, a la corte su. prema deJ estado. Toda compafifa, corporaci6n o porteador comua que no cumpla con la ordenanza de la comisi6n dentro del tiempo limitado por la misma, podrd archivar con la co- misi6n su petici6n para trasladar dicha causa a la corte su- prema, y en el caso de hacerse dicha traslacidn por la com- patlia, corporacidn o porteador comun, u otra de las partes ante tal audiencia, la cone suprema, podrd) sobre aplicaci6n, a su discrecidn, o de su propio motivo, requerir o autorizar que se tome evidencia adicional en tal causa; pero en caso que la traslaci6n se haga por la comisi6n, motivo a falta de la com- patlfa, corporaci6n o porteador comiin, no se permitirA evi- dencia adicional. Para la consideracion de las causas que se instituyan en consecuencia de lo aqui dispuesto, la corte su- prema estara en sesidu en todo tiempo, y dar4 precedencia a dichas causas. Cualesquiera de las uartes a dicha audiencia tenida ante la comisibn, tendrd derecho de trasladar la orde- nanza dada alii a la corte suprema del estado, de la misma manera que le es concedido hacerlo a la compafila o corpora- ci6n contra la cual es diritrida dicha ordeaanza. En adici6Q a las otras facuLtades de que estd revestida la corte suprema por esta constituci6n y por las leyes del esta- do, la dicha corte tendrd la facultad y el deber de decidir di- chas causas sobre sus meritos, y poner en ejecuci6n sus jui- cio8, ordenaozas y decretos dictaminados en tales causas, por medio de multa, coDfiscaci6D, mandamus, restricci6n y con- tumacia u otros procedimientos propios. Sec. 8. La comisi6Q no determiaara cuesti6n algana ni ezpedird orden alguna con relacion a los asuntos especifica- 44 dos en la 8ecci6a precedente, hasta despu^s de tenida una audiencia piSiblica tras aviso de diez dias dado a las partes in- teresadas, excepto en casos de rebeldfa despu^s de dado tal aviso. Sec. 9. Se impone a los comisionados la obligaci6n de ob- servar diligencia constante en informarse acerca de los pre- cios de portes y pasajes de las compaflfas de trasportacidn y transmisi6n y porteadores eomanes empeflados en el tras- porte de pasajeros y propiedad, de lugares dentro de este estado a lugares m&s alld de sus llinites,y de puntos de otros estados a puntos en este estado; y cuandoquiera que llegue a conocimiento de la comisi6D, sea por queja o de otra mane- ra, que los precios que cobre cualquier compaflfa de traspor- taci6n o transmisi6n o porteador comiin en negocios de esta- do-a-estado, son injustos, excesivos o irrazonables, o que di- chos precios hacen discriminaci6n contra los ciudadanos del estado, y, si a juic]6 de la comisi6D, tal queja esta bien fun- dada y el bienestar publico se halla comprometido, la comi- si6a debera instituir y prosecutar a determiDaci6n final ante la comisi6n de comercio de estado-a-estado, o ante la corte de comercio, ocualquier autoridad legal que tenga jurisdiccion en el caso, los procedimientos que juzorue convenientes para obtener el alivio que requieran las condiciones. Sec. 10. Ninguna compafila de trasportaci6n o transmi- si6n, o porteador comun, cobrard o apercibird mayor retribu- ci6n total por el trasporte de pasajeros o propiedad de igual naturaleza de comercio intra-estado, o por la transmisi6n de mensajes dela misma clase entre puntos dentro de este estado, por distancia mds corta que por distancia mas larga, • por la misma via o ruta, en la misma direcci6n, cuando la distancia mis corta est6 incluida dentro de la mds larga; entendido, que las compaflfas de telegrafo y telefono podr&n, en ciertos casos, con anuencia de la comisi6n, basar sus precios en dis- tancias de liaea recta en vez de las distancias actualmente recorridas por los mensajes. La comisi6Q podr4, de tiempo en tiempo, autorizar a tal compafiLfa o porteador coa^iin para que ignore las disposiciones antecedentes de esta secci6n, 45 ■ cobrando los precious que la comisidn prescriba como jastos y equitativos entre dichi compaflla o porteador comiia y el ptiblico, hasta,y desde, cualquier janta o puDtos o localidades de competicidn o donde la competici6ii de puatos situados fuera o dentro de este estado necesiten que se prescriban precios especiales para la protecci6Q del comercio de este estado, o en caso de epidemias generales, pestes, visitaciones calamitosas y otras exigencias. Esta secci6a no aplica a bi- lletes de millaje o pasajes de excursiones especiales o de con- mutaci6n; ni en pasajes especiales por servicios rendidos en beneficio de algun objeto publico o de caridad,8iempre que tales billetes o pasajes hayan sido prescritos o autorizados por la coinisi6n, ni se aplicard tampoco a pasajes especiales por servicios rendidos a los Estados Unidos o a este estado. Sec. 11. La comisi6n tendrd en todos tiempos el derecho de inspeccionar los libros, papeles y registros de todas las dichas compaCLfas y porteadores comunes que esten nego- ciando en este estado, y de tiempo en tieinpo requerir de di- chas compaCLfas y porteadores comunes que hagan informes especiales, bajo jaramento, respecto de sus negocios. La comisi6Q tendri facultad para administrar jaramentos y cer- tiflcar sus'actos oficiales. Sec. 12. Ninguna corporaci6n existente al tiempo de la adopci6n de esta con3titaci6a tendr4 el beneficio de ninguna legislaci6n f atura, ni se concederd ninguna reforma o exten- si6n a su franquicia, hasta que dicha corporaci6n haya archi- vado en la oficina de la comisi6n su aceptaci6n de las pres- cripciones de esta constituci6n; entendido, sin embargo, que, sea que dichas corporaciones archiven, o no, tal asceptaci6n, las dichas corporaciones estardn sujetas a las prescripciones de esta constituci6n y a las leyes de este estado. DISPOSICIONES GENERALES. Sec, 13. La legislatura proveerA por ley general los me- dics para la organizaci6n de corporaciones. Todas las leyes relativas a corporaciones podr&n ser alteradas, reformadas o derogadas por la legislatura, en cualquier tiempo, cuando- 46 quiera que sea necesario para el bien piiblico y el bienestar general, y toda» las corporaciones que giren ea negrocios en este estado, podr&n ser reguladas, limitadas o restriagidas, en cuanto a tales negocios, por leyes que no contravengan con la constituci6n de los Estados Unidos o con esta const! tuci6n. Sec. 14. El poder de policfa de este estado es supremo sobre todas las corporaciones asi como los particulares. Sec* 15, Todas las compaCLias de ferrocarril, de coches o de express deberin respectivamente recibir y trasportar, sin dilaci6n o descriminacion los coches y f urgones, tonelaje y pasajeros, los unos de los otros bajo las reglas y regulacio- nes que sean prescritas por la comisi6n. Sec. 16. Todas las lineas de telefono y tel^grafo, opera- das por pago, recibiran y transmitirdn los mensajes de unas y otras sin dilaci6n o discriminaci6n, y hardn y mantendrd,n conexiones de unas lineas con otras, bajo las reglas y regula- ciones que prescriba la co£Disi6n. Sec. 17. Cualquiera corporaci6n ferrea o asociaci6n que se organice para tal fin, tendrd el derecho de construir y operar un ferrocarril entre cualesquiera puntos dentro de este estado o en cualquiera otra parte, y hacer conexi6n en el lindero del estado o en otra parte con los ferrocarriles de otros estados; y, bajo los t^rminos, ordenanzas o permiso concedido en cada caso por la comisi6n, tendr& el derecho de hacer que su camino atraviese, conecte con, o cruce cualquie- ra otro ferrocarril. Sec. 18. El derecho de expropiaci6n jamds serd limitado o interpretado a manera de imoedir a la legislatura que tome la propiedad y f ranquicias de compafillas incorporadas y las sujete al uso publico, lo mismo que los bienes de particula- res. ARTICULO XII. EDUCACION. Sec. 1. Un sistema uniforme de escuelas piiblicas libres, suficiente para la educaci6n de todos los niCLos de edad esco* 47 lar del estado y accesibles a todos serd establecido y maDte- nido. Sec 2. El fondo permanente de escuelas de] estado con- sistiri del producto de las ventas de las secciones dos, diezy seis, treinta y dos y treinta y seis de cada cabildo del estado, o los terrenos escogidos en lugar de ^stas; el producto de las ventas de todos los terrenos concedidos, o que puedan serlo, al estado y no de otra manera apropiados por los t^rminos y condiciones de la concesi6n; aquella porci6n del producto de la venta de terrenos de los Estados Unidos dentro del es- tado, concedida o que pueda ser concedida por el congreso; tambi^n todas las concesiones, donaciones y legados hechas al estado, cuyo prop6sito no est^ especificado de otra mane- ra. Sec. 3. Las escuelas, colegios, universidades y otras ins- tituciones de educaci6n prescritas por esta constituci6n per- manecerdn para siempre bajo el gobierno exclusivo del esta- do, y ninguna parte de los productos que provengan de la venta o disposici6n de los terrenos concedidos por el congre- S0 al estado, ni otros fondos apropiados, levados o recauda- dos para fines de €duc8ci6n, serdn usados para el sost^n de ninguna escuela privada, colegio o universidad sectaria reli- giosa. Sec. 4. Todas las multas y confiscaciones recaudadas bajo las leyes generales; el producto neto de bienes que vengan al estado por caducaci6n; las rentas de todos los terrenos de es- cuelas y de otros terrenos concedidos al estado, para.cuya disposiGi6n no proveen de otro modo los t^rminos de la con- cesi6n o la ley del congreso; y las rentas derivadas del fondo permanente de escuelas, comprenderdn el fondo corriente de escuelas del estado. La legislatura dispondrd que se leve y colecte anualmente un impuesto sobre toda la propiedad t as able del estado para el mantenimiento de las escuelas- pii> blicas y los productos de dicha leva de impuesto serdn afla- didos al fondo corriente de escuelas que arriba se establece. Kl fondo corriente de escuelas se distribuird entre los dis- tritOB de escuela del estado en la proporci6n que el niimero 48 de nifios de edad escolar de cada ud distrito tenga con el nu- mero total de tales nifios en el estado, y dispoadrd qae se le- ven y recauden impuestjs adicionales locales para fines de escuela. Una escuela publica serd mantenida durante lo me- nos cinco meses de cada un afio en cada un distrito de escue- las del estado. . Antes de hacer la distribaci6n que arriba se previene, se tomard del fondo corriente de escuelasi arriba establecido, una reserva suficiente para distribuirse entre los distritos de escuelas cuyos productos del impuesto local del aCLo, leva- do al llmite que permite la ley, md^ la cuota regular de fon- dos corrientes de escuela repartida a dicho distrito, no baste para mantener una escuela durante el perlodo complete de cinco mesesi y este fondo de reserva sera distribuido de tal modo enltre dichos distritos que ponga a cada un distrito en aptitud de tener escuela durante dicho perlodo. Sec. 5. Todo niflo de edad escolar y de suficiente habili- dad ffsica y mental serd requerido de atender a una escuela publica u otra escuela durante dicho perlodo y durante el tiempo que prescriba la ley. Sec. 6. Se establece un cuerpo de educaci6n el cual se compondra de siete miembros. Este tendra el gobierno, ad- ministraci6a y direcci6n de todas las escuelas piiblicas, bajo las regulaciones que puedan prescribirse por la ley. , El go- bernador y el superintendente de instrucci6n piSblica del es- tado serdn miembros ex-officio de dicho cuerpo y los restan- tes cinco miembros seran nombrados por el gobernador, con anuencia del senado; y consistirdn del principal de alguna instituci6n educacional del estado, un superintendente de escuelas de condado y una persona mds que tenga conexi6n con el trabajo educacional. La legislatura podrd disponer que se establescan oficiales de distritos u otros, que sst^n subordinados a dicho cuerpo. Sec. 7, El principal del fondo permanente de escuelas se- rd invertido en bonos del estado o territorio de Nuevo Mexi- co, o de cualquier condado, ciudad, plaza, cuerpo de educa- ci6n o distrito de escuelas dentro del mismo. La legislatura 49 podri por aprobaci6ii de tres cnartas partes de losmiembroB electos a cada c4mara disponer qae dichos fondos se inyier* tan ea otros segaros que lleven r^dito. Todos los bonos y otros segaros en los cuales hay a sido invertida cualquier porci6n de los fondos de escuelas deben primeramente ser aprobados por el gobernador, procarador general y secreta* rio de estado. Todas las p^rdidas de dichos fondos, como quiera que ocurran, serdn reembolsadas por el estado. . Sec. 8. La legislatara har4 provisi6n para la enseflinza de maestros en las escuelas nor males, o de otra manera, a fin de que se revistan de eficiencia en ambos idiomas, el Ingles y Espaflol, para que se cualifiquen para enseflar a los alamno» y estudiantes de habla espaflol en las escuelas ptibiicas y en las instituciones educacionales del estado; y proveeri los- medios y m^todos propios para facilitar la enseCLanza del idioma Ingles y otros ramos de enseCLanza a los alumnos y es- tadiantes. Sec. 9. Ninguna prueba religiosa serd jamds reqaerid& como condici6n precedente para tener entrada a las escuelas ptibiicas o a cualquiera instituci6n educacional de este esti^ do, ya sea como maestro o como estudiante, y ningiin maes* tro o estudiante de tal escuela o instituci6n serd jamds reque- rido de atender a, o participar en, ningiin servicio religioso cualquiera que sea. Sec. 10. Los ninos de descendenoia Esapaflol del estado de Nuevo Mexico jamds serdn privados del derecho y privile* ((io de admi3i6a y atendencia en las escuelas piiblicas u otras. instituciones educacionales del estado, y jamds serdn clasifi- cados en escuelas separadas, sino que para siempre gozarda de perfecta igualdad con los otros niflos en todas las escuelaa ptibiicas e instituciones educacionales del estado, y la legis-* latura prescribird castigos por la inf racci6n de esta seccido.. Esta secci6n jamds serd reformada sino es por el voto del pueblo de este estado, en una elecci6n en la cual lo menoa tres cuartas partes de los electores que voten en todo el es-^ tado y lo menos dos terceras partes de los que voten en cada. un condado del estado, voten a favor de tal reforma. 4 50 ; Sec. 11. La Universidad de Naevo Mexico situada en Al- buquerque, el colejario de Agricultura y Artes Mecdnicas si- 'tuado cerca de Las Cruces, la escuela de Minerfa de Nuevo Mexico situada en Socorro, el Instituto Militar de Nuevo Mexico sitaado en Roswell* la Uoiversidad Normal de Nuevo IM^xico, situada en Las Vegas, la Escuela Normal de Nuevo jMcxico situada en Silver City, la Esouela Hispano-Americ5a- ma situada en El RitD, el H<>-4picio para Sordos y Mados de INuevo Mexico, situado en Santa Fe, y el Instituto de Ciegos (die Nuevo Mexico situado en Alamogordo, son confirmados menos que dos terceras partes de los que voten ^ cada ua' condado del estado. Sec. 2. Cuandoquiera que durante los prime ros veinticin- CO aflos despu^s de adoptadaesta constituci6n, la legislatura^ por el voto de tres cuartas partes de los miembros elec- tos a cada cdmara, o, transcurrida la expiraci6n de dicho pe- rlodo de veinticinco alios, por el voto de dos terceras partes de los miembros electos a cada camara, lo juzgue necesaria convocar una, convencion para revisar o reformar esta cons- tituci6n, someterd la proposici6n de convocar tal convenciort a los electores en la subsiguiente elecci6n general, y si una inayorfa de todos los electores que voten sobre dicha propo- sici6n en dicha eiecci6n en el estado votaren a favor de con- vocar una convenci6n, la legislatura, en su siguiente sesi6n, hard provisi6n por ley para convocar la misma. Dicha con- vencidn se compondrA de al menos tantos delegados como ha- ya miembros de la cdmara de re preset tan tes. La constitu- ci6n adoptada por dicha convenci6n no tendrd validez hasta que haya sido sometida al pueblo y ratificada por 61. Sec 3. En caso que esta constituci6n fuere reformada a manera de permitir la decretaci6n de leyes por voto directa de los electores, las leyes que asi puedan ser decretadas se- . rdn s61o aquellas que bajo las prescripciones de esta consti- tuci6n pudiera decretar la legislatura. Sec. 4. Cuando los Estados Unidos den a ello su consenti- miento la legislatura, por mayorfa del voto de los miembroi^ de cada cAmara podrd someter al pueblo la proDOsici6n de reformar cualesquiera de las prescripciones del Artfculo XXI de esta constitucidn relative al pacto celebrado con los Esta- dos Unidos al extento que lo conceda el Acta del congreso que permita lo mismo, y si una mayorla de los electores cua- lificados que voten sobre dicha reforma votaren en favor de ella el dicho Artfculo quedara por ello reformado en tal cou-^ formidad. 56 Sec. 5. Las prescripciones de la secci6n primera de es- te articnlo no serin cambiadas, alteradas o derogadas en ma- nera alguna excepto por una convenci6n general convocada para revisar esta constitucion como aqui queda dispuesto. ARTICULO XX. MISCELANEA. Sec. 1. Toda persona que sea electa o nombrada a cual- 'quier puesto, deberd, antes de asumir sus deberes prestar y suscribir un juramento, o afirmacidn de que sostendrd la^ 'Constitu,ci6n de los Estados Unidos y la constituci6n y leyes •de este estado, y que fiel e imparcialmente desempeflard los ♦deberes de su cargo a lo mejor de su habilidad Sec. 2. Cada funcionario,a menos que sea destituido,ejer- 'cerd su puesto hasta que su sucesor se haya habilitado debi- ^amente. Sec 3 El perfodo de oficio de todos los funcionarios de estado, coudado o distrito, a excepci6n de los que sean elec- tos en la primera elecci6n tenida bajo esta constituci6n, y los que sean electos para suplir vacancias, comenzard el dia pri- mero del alio subsecuente a su elecci6n. Sec. 4. Cuandoquiera que ocurra vacancia alguna en el puesto de fiscal de distrito, juez de la corte suprema o corte de distrito o comisionado de condado. el gobernador la supli- T& por medio de nombramiento, y el escogido ejercera dicho •cargo hasta la siguiente elecci6n general, cuando serd electo «u sucesor que ejerceri el cargo hasta la expiraci6n del pe- rfodo original. Sec. 5. En caso que, inter el tiempo que el senado no este •en sesi6n, ocurriere alguna vacancia en algun puesto al cual ^1 incumbente fuere nombrado por el gobernador con el con- sejo y anuencia del senado, el gobernador nombrar4 a una persona cualificada para suplir la misma hasta la siguiente sesi6n del senado, y entonces nombrard, con el co sejo y anuencia del senado,a una persona cualificada para que supla tal puesto durante el perfodo pendiente. Sec. 6. Las elecciones generales serin tenidas en este es- tado el Mdrtes depues del primer Liines de Noviembre de cada aflo par Sec. 7. Los resultados de todas las elecciones tenidas pa* 57 ra f uncionarios escogidos por los electores de mas que un condado serdn contados por el cuerpo de computadores de condado de cada un condado en cuanto al voto que corres- ponda a sus respectivos condados. Dicho cuerpo certificari inmediatameate el numero de votos recibidos por cada can- didato para tal puesto dentro de dicho condado, al cuerpo de computadores del estado aqui establecido, el cual har4 el c6mputo y declard el resultado de la elecci6n. Sec, 8: En case que Nuevo Mexico sea admitido a la Uni6n come estado antes del Mirtes precedente al primer Lunes de Noviembre"^ del aflo de mil novecientos doce, y que no se haya hecho pr6vlsi6h para ello por la legislatura del estado, una elecci6n sera teaida en el estado el dicho Martes subsi- guiente al primer Lunes de Noviembre de mil novecientos doce, para el escogimiento de electores presidenciales; cuya elecci6n deber4 ser tenida de la manera que es aqui prescri- ta para la elecci6n sobre la ratificaci6n de esta constituci6n, y el resultado de la mis ma seri dado al cuerpo de computa dores del estado y por ellos hecho el c6mputo y certificado como aqui queda prescrito para el caso de elecci6n de funcio narios de estado. Sec. 9. Ningiin f uncionario de estado que reciba salario aceptard o recibird para su propio uso ninguna retribuci6n, honorarios, concesi6n,. d emolumentos por cuenta de su car- go, en manera alguna, salvo el salario prescrito por ley. Sec. 10. La legislatura decretara las leyes propias para la regulaci6n del empleo de niflos. Sec. 11. La mujer podrd ejercer el puesto de notario pu- blico y otros cargos de nombrami^nto que pueda prescribir la ley. Sec. 12. Durante los primeros veinticinco alios despu^s que esta constituci6n tome efecto,todas las leyes decretadas por la legislatura serdn publicadas en am bos idiomas Ingles y Espaflol, y en lo sucesivo dichas publicaciones se hardn se- giin lo prescriba la legislatura. Sec. 13. ES uso de vinos exclusivamente para fines sacra- 58 mentales bajo la autoridad de la Ig^lesia en cualquier lugar dentro de este estado jam&s serd prohibido. Sec. 14. No seri legal que el gobernador,ningiin miembra del cuerpo de igualamiento de estado, ningun miembro de la comision de corporaciones, zvingiiii juez de la corte suprema o de distrito, ningiin fiscal de distrito, ningun comisionado de condado o asesor de condado, acepte, tenga o use durante el t^rmino de su incumbencia ningiin pasaje gratuito, ni que compre, reciba o acepte trasportaci6n en ningun ferrocarril de este estado, para sf o para su familia, sobre t^rminos que no est^n accesibles al publico en general; y cualquiera perso- na que infrinja las prescripciones de ^sta al ser condenftdo en una corte de jurisdicci6m competente suf rir4 el castigo que previenen las secciones treinta y siete y cuarenta del ar- tlculo relative al departamento letarislativo de esta constitu- ci6n. Sec. 15. La penitenciaria es una escuela de reforma e in- dustrial, y todas las personas detenidas en ella en cuanto sea consistente con la disciplina e interns piiblico serdn emplea- dos en alguna industria beneficiosa; y en los cases en que un convicto tenga familia dependiente de el,sus ganancias netas serdn pagadas a su dicha familia en case que fuere necesario para su mantenci6n. Sec. 16. Toda persona, recibidor o corporacion que tenga u opere un ferrocarril dentro de los If mites de este estado estard sujeto a daflos y perjuicios por daflo o muerte de cual- quiera persona que est6 en su empleo, siendo el resultado de la negligencia, total o en parte,del dicho dueflo u operario o de cualesquiera de los oficiales, agentes o empleados delmismo, o por motive de algiin defecto o insuficiencia debidaa su neg- ligencia, total o en parte, en sus carros< mdquinas, artefac- tos, maquinaria, via, obras u otro equipo. La acci6n por cau- sar negligentemente la muerte de un empleado, Qomo queda dicho, ser4 defendida por el albacea o administrador para beneficio de la viuda, esposo o niflos sobrevivientes del em. pleado; o si no los hubiere, entonces para sus padres, o si no los hubiere, entonces para los parientes m&s cercanos depen- 59 dientes del dicho finado. La cantidad recobrada podrd ser distribuida de acuerdo con la ley. Todo contrato o convenio celebrado de antemano aates de ocurrido tal perjuicio con cualquier empleado por medio del cual 6s te renuncie o limite el derecho a recobrar daflos y perjuicios serd nulo. EiSta disposici6n no serd interpretada a manera de afectar las prescripciones de la secci6n dos del artlculo veintidos de esta constituci6n, a saber, el Artfculo sobre CMula. Sec. 17. Habrd un sistema uniforme de libros de texto para las escuelas publicas los cuales no ser&n cambiados mds de una vez en seis aflos. Sec. 18. Se prohibe el arrendamieoto del trabajo de los convictos, por el estado. Sec. 19. Ocho boras comprenderd un dia de trabajo en todos casos deempleo por parte del estado o de cualquier condado o municipalidad del mismo. Sec. 20. Toda persona detenida i»or un magistrado de primera instancia para aguardar la acci6n del gran juradjo bajo acusaci6n de felonfa o de otro delito infamante podr&,en corte abierta, con el consentimiento de la corte y del fiscal de distrito, (lo que se registrar^ en el protocolo), renunciar la querella y responder a una informaci6n en forma de que- rella archivada por el fiscal de distrito, y los trdmites que se sigan serdn basados sobre dicha informaci6n con la misma fuerza y efecto que si 6sta fuera querella debidamente pre- sentada por el gran jurado. ARTICULOXXL PACTO CON LOS ESTADOS UNIDOS. En cumplimiento con las disposiciones del acta del congre- so, titulado, **Un Acta para habilitar al pueblo de Nuevo Me- xico a que forme una constitucidn y gobierno de estado y que sea admitido a la Uni6n en t^rminos iguales con los estados originales; y para habilitar al pueblo de Arizona a que forme una constituci6n y gobierno de estado y que sea admitido a la Uni6n en iguales t^rminos con los estados originrles," 60 aprobado el veinte de Junio de mil novecientos diez, se pres- cribe: Sec. 1. La perfecta tolerancia de los sentimientos religio- SOS ser4 asegurada, y ningun habitante de este estado serd jam&s molestado en su persona o en sus bienes por motivo a su manera de yeneraci6n religiosa La poligamla, o sean los casamientos plurales, o Gohabitaci6n poligacnosa, y la venta, trato u obsequio de licores embriagantes a los Indios, la in- troducci6n de tales licores al pals de los Indies, t^rmino que incluirA todas las tierras ocupadas por, o de que son duellos, los Indios de Pueblo de Nuevo Mexico el dia veiute de Junio de mil novecientos diez, o que est^n ocupados por ellos al tiempo de la admisi6n de Nuevo Mexico como estado, quedan para siempre prohibidas. Sec. 2. El pueblo que habita este estado estipula y decla- ra que para siempre renuncian a todo derecho y tltulo en los terrenes p6blicos valdlos y no concedidos que esten situados dentro de los linderos del mismo, y en todos los terrenes si^ tuados dentro de dichos linderos tenidos per, o de que sean duellos, cualesquiera Indios o tribus de Indios, cuyo derecho o tltulo hay a side adquirido por conducto de los Estados Uni- dos, o de otra soberanla anterior; y que hasta que el tftulo de dicho Indio o tribus de Indios se haya exbin^uido, el mismo quedard y permanecerd sujeto a la disposici6n y bajo la jurisdicci6n absoluta y dominio del congreso de los Esta- dos Unidos; que las tierras y otros bienes pertenecientes a ciudadanos de los Estados Unidos residentes fuera de este estado jamds serdn tasados a un valor mds alto que las tierras o bienes pertenecientes a los residentes del mismo;que no se impondrd ninguna contrJbuci6n por este estado sobre tie- rras o bienes situados dentro del mismo pertenecientes a los Estados Unidos o que en lo sucesivo puedan adquirir o que sean reservados para su uso; pero nada de lo aqui expuesto privarA a este estado de la facultad de imponer contribucio- nes sobre cualesquiera terrenes u otros bienes situados fuera de la reservacion de los Indios, de que sean dueflos u ocu- pantes cualesquiera Indios, de la misma manera que otras ■A '■'* 61 tierras y bienes son tasados, salvo y ezcepto las tierras que hayan sido concedidas o adquiridas de la manera antedicha o que puedan ser concedidas o confirmadas a cualesquiera Indio o Indies, per ley del con^reso; sino que dichas tierras estardn exentas de impuestos por este estado hasta, y al ex- tento, que el congreso de los Estados Unidos lo haya dispues- to o lo disponga en lo de adelante. Sec. 3. Las deudas y responsabilidades del Territorio de Nuevo Mexico, y las deudas de sus condados, que subsistian y eran vdiidas el dia veinte de Junio de mil novecientos diez las asume y pagard el estado; y en cuanto a dichas deudas y responsabilidades este estado quedard subrogado a todos los derechos, incluso derechos de iridemnizaci6n y reembolso, que existan a favor de dicho Territorio o de cualesquiera de los varies condados del mismo en dicha fecha. Nada de lo contenido en este artlculo ser4 interpretado como validaci6n o legalizaci6n, en manera alguna, de ningunes bonos, libran* zas, obligaciones, o evidencias de deudas del Territorio, o de cualquier condado, municipalidad, o reclamaciones en contra de dicho Territorio o de cualquiera de los condados o muni- cipalidades del mismo los cuales en la actualidad son o pue- dan ser al tiempo de la admisi6n de este estado, invalidos e ilegales; ni tampoco podrd la legislatura de este estado decre- tar ninguna ley que en manera alguna valide o legalice los mismos. Sec 4. Se hardn provisiones para establecer y mantener un sistema de escuelas piiblicas accesible a todos los niflos de estado y libres de dominaci6n sectaria, y dichas escuelas se- r&n siempre conducidas en Ingles. Sec. 5. (Segjin enmendada par el pueblo Noviembre S, 1912.) Este estado jamas decretarA ninguna ley que restrinja o li- mite el derecho de suf ragio por motive de raza, color o previa condici6n de servidumbre. Sec. 6. Hasta que sea cambiada por los electores que vo- ten en una elecci6n que disponga la legislatura de este esta- do para ese fin, la capital de este estado permanecerd em la ciudad de Santa Fe, pero no se tomar&n disposiciones para 62 proclamar ni tener dicha elecci6n antes del dia treinta y uno de Diciembre de mil novecientx)s veinticinco. Sec. 7. Se reserva a los EiStados Unidos, con el pleno con- sentimiento del pueblo de este estado, todos los derechos y facultades para que se lleven a cabo por los Estados Unidos las disxx>siciones del acta del congreso, titulado, ^'Un Acta apropiando los ingresos habidos de la venta y disposici6n de los terrenes piiblicos situados en ciertos estados y territorios para llevar a cabo la construcci6n de obras de re^adlo para la restauraci6n de los terrenes dridos/' aprobado el diez y siete de Junio de mil novecientos dos, y los actas que refor- man o sustituyen dicho acta al mismo extento que si este es- tado hubiera permanecido como territorio. Sec. 8. Cuandoquiera que en lo sucesivo cualesquiera de las tierras contenidas dentro de las reservaciones o repartos de Indies situadas en este estado sean repartidas, vendidas, reserva las, o que se haga de ellas alguna disposici6n, ^stas estardn sujetas, durante un perlodo de veinticinco aflos, a partir desde tal reparto, venta, reservacidn u otra disposi- ci6n, a todas las leyes de los Estados Unidos que prohiban la introducci6n de licor al territorio de los Indies; y los t^rmi- nos **Indio'' y "territorio de los Indies" incluird a los Indies de Pueblo de Nuevo Mexico y las tierras de que ellos son duefios u ocupantes el dia veinte de Junio de mil novecientos diez, o que esten ocupadas por ellos al tiempo de la admisi6n de Nuevo Mexico como estado. Sec. 9. Este estado y su pueblo dan su consentimiento a todas y a cada una de las prescripciones contenidas en dicho acta del congreso, aprobado el dia veinte de Junio de mil no- vecientos diez, con relaci6n a los terrenes concedidos por medio de dicho acta o confirmados a este estado a los t^rmi- nos y condiciones bajo los cuales fueron hechas las concesio- nes y conflrmaciones a los medios y la manera en que dichos t^rminos y condiciones han de enforzarse en todo respecto y particular tal cual lo dispone dicho acta. Sec. 10. Esta ordenanza es irrevocable sin el consenti- miento de los Estados Unidos y el pueblo de este estado, y 63 ningun cambio o derogaci6n de esta ordenanza, en todo o en parte, se hard por medio de reforma constitucional alguna sin el consentimiento del congreso. ARTICULO XXII. CEDULA. A fin que no intervenga ninguna inconviniencia por motivo del cambio de la forma de gobierno territorial a la de estado, se declara y ordena: Sec. 1. Esta constituci6n tomara efecto y estard en pleno vigor inmediatamente de verificarse la admisi6n de Nuevo Mexico a la Uni6n como estado. Sec. 2. Hasta que de otro modo se disponga por ley, el acta del congreso de los Estados Unidos, titulado, **Un Acta relative a la responsabilidad de porteadores comunes por fe- rrocarriles hacia sus empleados en ciertos casos,'* aprobado el dia veintidos d^e Abril de mil novecientos ocho, y todas las leyes que enmienden el mismo, quedardny permaneceran en fuerza en este estado al mismo extento que ban estado en fuerza en el territorio de Nuevo Mexico. Sec, 3. Hasta que de otro modo se disponga por ley, el acta del congreso, titulado, **Un Acta para la protecci6n de las vidas de los mineros," aprobado el tres de Marzo de mil ochocientos noventa y uno, y todas las leyes que enmienden el mismo, quedardn y permaneceran en fuerza en este estado al mismo extento que han estado en fuerza en el territorio de Nuevo Mexico; las palabras *'gobernador del estado,'' susti- tuirdn las palabras **gobernador de dicho territorio organi- zado;" y las palabras ''Secretario del Interior" donde quiera que las mismas aparezcan en dichos actas; y el inspector principal de minas del Territorio de Nuevo Mexico, nombra- do por el Presidente de los Estados Unidos, queda autorizado para desempefiar los deberes prescritos por dichos actas hasta que sea reemplazado por el "inspector de minas" nom- brado por el gobernador, de la manera que en otra parte lo dispone esta constituci6n, y 6ste recibird la misma retribu- ci6n del estado que recibe de los Estados Unidos. 64 Sec 4. Todas las leyes del territorio de Nuevo Mexico vigentes al tiempo de su admisidii como estado a la Uni6ii, que no conflicten con esta constituci6n, quedardn y perma- necer&n en fuerza como las leyes del estado hasta que expi- ren xx)r su propia prescripci6n, o que sean modificadas o de- rogadas; y todoslos derechos, acetones, reclamaciones, con- tratos, responsabilidades y obligaciones, continuar&n y per- manecerdn inafectadas por el cambio en la forma de gobier- no. Sec. 5. La facultad de conceder indultos se extender^ a todas las personas que hayan sido condenados de delitos con- tra las leyes del territorio de Nuevo Mexico. Sec. 6. Todos los bienes, maebles e inmuebles, y todos los dineros cr^ditosi reclames, derechos adquiridos pertene- cientesal territorio de Nuevo Mexico vsndrdn a ser propiedad de este estado; y todas las deudas, contribuciones, multas^ caducaciones y confiscaciones que hayan provenido o puedan provenir a favor de dicho territorio quedardn a favor de este estado. Sec. 7. Todas las fianzas, bonos, obligaciones y convenios celebrados o ejecutados a favor del territorio de Nuevo Me- xico, o cualesquieradesuscondados,distritos de escuela,mum- cipalidad} f ancionario pdblico o cuerpo de funcionarios per- manecerdn v&lidos de conformidad con sus t^rminos, y podra instituirse demanda sob re ellos y obtenerse jaicio por medio de la propia autoridad bajo la ley del estado. Sec. 8. Todo proceso legal, autos, juicios, decretos, con- vicciones y sentencias expedidas, dictaminadas, o pronuncia- das, que est^n en fuerza al tiempo de la admisi6n del estado continuaran y quedardn en vigor al mismo extento que si el cambio de gobierno no hubiera ocurrido, y serdn enforzados y ejecutados bajo las layes del estado. Sec. 9. Todas las cortes existentes, y todas las personas que tengan cargos o nombramientos bajo la autoridad de di- cho territorio al tiempo de la admisi6n de este estado, couti- nuar&n teniendo y ejerciendo sus respectivas jurisdicciones^, funciones, cargos y nombramientos hasta que sean sustitui- 65 dos por las cortes, funcionarios o autoridades que dispone esta constituci6D. Hasta que de otra manera lo disponga la ley, el sallo del te rritorio serd usado como el sello del estado, y los sellos de las varias cortes, funcionarios y cuerpos oficiales del territo- rio serdn usados como los sellos de las corresoondientes cor- tes, funcionarios o cuerpos oficiales del estado; y para cada nuevo tribunal, cargo o cuerpo establecido por esta coastitu- ci6n, se adoptara un sello por el juez de dicho tribunal, o por el incumbente de dicho cargo, o por dicho cuerpo. Sec. 10. Todos los pleitos, querellas, acciones criminales, fianzas, procesos,asuntos y trdmites pendientes en cualquier corte del territorio de Nuevo Mexico al tiempo de la organi- zaci6n de las cortes prescritas por esta constituci6n serdn trasladados a ^.stas y proseguirdn a su determinaci6n en las cortes de igual o correspondiente jurisdiccidn. Todas las causas o acciones civiles y delitos criminales que hayan sido principiadas, o donde se hayan hallado querellas, estardn su jetas a juicio, prosecuci6n, querella y revista en las propias cortes del estado de la misma manera y al mismo extento que si el estado hubiera sido creado y dichas cortes establecidas antes de haber provenido las tales causas de acci6n y la comi- si6n de tales delitos. Sec. 11. Esta constituci6n serd tirmada por el presidente, y secretario de la convenci6n constitu clonal, y por los dele- gados que deseen firmarla,y serd depositada en la oficina del secretario del territorio donde podra ser firmada en cual- quier tiempo por cualquier delegado- Sec. 12, Todas las deudas y obligaciones legales de los varios condados del Territorio de Nuevo Mexico, no asumi- das por el estado, y de los distritos de escuelas, municipali- dades, distritos de regadfo y distritos de mejoramientos del mismo, existentes al tiempo de su admisi6n como estado, permanecerdn vd>lidas y no sufrirAn alteraci6n alguna por motivo del cambio de gobierno, hasta que hayan sido pagadas o amortizadas de conformidad con la ley; y todos los conda- dos, uiunicipalidades y distritos de dicho territorio continua- 66 r&n con los mismos linderos y dereckos hasta que sean cam- biados de conformidad con la constituci6& y las leyes del es- tado. Sec. 13. Esta constitucidn seri sometida al pueblo de Nuevo Mexico para que sea ratificada en una elecci6n que deberi ser tenida el dia veintiuno de Enero de mil novecien- tos once, en la cual elecci6n los votantes de Nuevo Mexico que teng^an las cualidades de tales votar&n directamente en pro o en contra de la misma, y el gobernador del Territorio de Nuevo Mexico expediri, acto continue, su proclama orde- nando que dicha 6lecci6n sea tenida en dicho dia. Con excepci6n de la manera de hacer 16s retornos de dicha elecci6n y de hacer el c6niputo y certificar el resultado de la misma, dicha elecci6n serd tenida y conducida en la manera que prescriben las leyes de Nuevo Mexico aetualmente vigen- tes« Sec. 14. Los boletos depositados en dicha elecci6n a favor de ratificar esta constituci6n llevar&n impreso o et^crito en ambos idiomas, Ingles y EspaCLol, las palabras ''A favor dela Constituci6n;" y los que est^n contra la ratificaci6n de la constituci6n Uevardn impresas o escritas en ambos idio- mas, Ingl^ y EspaCLol, las palabras "Contra la C6nstituci6n, " y ser&n contados y se hard, el resultado de conformidad. Sec. 15. Los resultados de dicha elecci6n ser&n manda- dos por los oficiales de la elecci6n directamente al secretario del Territorio de Nuevo Mexico a Santa Fe, quien, en uni6n con el gobernador y juez superior de dicho Territorio forma- r&n el cuerpo de computaci6n,*y ellos o cualesquiera dos de ellos, se reunir&n en la ciudad de Santa Fe el tercer Ltines despu^s de verificada dicha elecci6n y har&n el c6mputo de la misma. Dicho cuerpo de computaci6n har&n y archivar&n con el secretario del Territorio de Nuevo Mexico un certifi- cado firmado por lo menos dos de ellos anotando el niimero de votos depositados en dicha elecci6n en favor o en contra de la constituci6n, respectivamente. Sec. 16. Si una mayorfa de los votos legales depositados en dicha elecci6n, segiin certificado por dicho cuerpo, resul- •'• » > 9 . 67 tare a favor de la conatituci6n, por ello se con?*iderar4 haber sido debidamente ratificada por el pueblo de Nuevo Mexico y el secretario del Territorio de Nuevo Mexico para que, acto continuo, sea sometida al Presidente de los Estados Unidos^ y al congreso para su aprobaci6Q, una copia aut^ntica de esta constituci6Q juntameate con el resumea de votos deposita- dos sobre ella. Sec. 17. Sielcongreso y el Presidente appueban esta constituci6a, o si el Presidente La aprueba y el congreso no la aprueba en su siguiente sesi6n regular, el gobernador de Nuevo Mexico debera, dentro del perfodode trelnta dias des- pu^s del recibo de la notificaci6n del Presidente certificando diQhos datos, expedir su proclama para una elecci6n en la cual todos los funcionarios para el gobierno de estado, inclu- so un gobernador, funcionarios de condado, miembros de la legislatura de estado, dos representantes al congreso que deberdn ser electos por todo el estado, y otros funcionarios que prescriba esta constituci6n, ser&n esoogidos por el pue- blo; dicha elecci6n tendr& su verificativo no menos que sesen- ta ni m&s que noventa dias despu^s de la fecha de dicha pro- clama del gobernador ordenando la misma. Sec, 18 Dicha elecci6n tilticnamente mencionada ser& tet nida, los resultados de la miscna ser&n hechos, computados y certificados por el secretario de dicho territorio, en la mis- ma manera, y las mismas leyes, incluso las que tengan rela- ci6n con las cualificaciones de los electores,. ser&n aplicablea de la manera queaqui antes se prescribe para tener, hacer los resultados, el c6mputo y certificacidn de la eleccidn para ratiflcar o rechazar esta constituci6n. Cnando se hay a tenido dicha elecci6n de estado y de fun- cionarios de condado, miembros de la legislatura, represen- tantes al congreso, y otros funcionarios que dispone esta constitucidn y los resultados de la misma hayan sido hechos> contados y certiflcados de la manera que aqui antes se pres- cribe, el gobernador del Territorio de Nuevo Mexico certifi- card inmediatamente el resultado de dicha eleccidn, segtin el c6mputo y certiflcaci6n que aqui se prescribe, al Presidente de los Estados Unidos. : ; ■ V - ' ^ " ^ 68 • *. r * Sec. 19. Dentro del perlodo de treinta dias despu^s de ezpedida la proclama del Presidente de los Estados Unidos anunciando el resultado de dicha elecci6H, asi confirmadoi todos los fuQcionarios escogidos en dicha elecci6D, con ex- cepci6n de los miembros de la legislatura, prestardn el jura- mento de oficio y dar&n las fianzas que requiera esta consti- tnci6n o las leyes del Territorio de Nuevo Mexico en los cases de iguales f uncionarios del territorio, condado o distrito y, acto continuo,entrar&n al ejercicio de sus respectivos car^i^os; pero la leg^isilatura podrd. requerir por ley que dichos funcio- narios suministren otras, o adicionales, fianzas como condi- ci6n para poder continuar en el ejercicio del cargo. Sec. 20. El gobernador del estado, inmediatamente des- pu^s de cualificarse y de asumir los deberes de su cargo, ex- pedira su Droclamaci6n convocando la legislatura a sesi6n en la capital del gobierno en un dia que se especificard en la misma, que no baje de treinta ni exceda de sesenta dias a partir de la fecha de dicha proclamaci6n. Los miembros electos a la legislatura se reunir&n en el dia especifica^iO) prestar&n el juramento requerido por esta cons- tituci6n y, dentro del perlodo de diez dias despu6s de ef<^.c- tirada su organizaci6n, proceder&n a elegir dos senadores de los Estados Unidos por el estado de Nuevo Mexico, en la ma- neraque prescribe la constituci6n y leyes de los Estados Uni- dos; y el gobernador y el secretario de estado de Nuevo Me- xico certificar&n la elecci6n de los senadores y representan- tes al congreso en la manera requerida por la ley. Sec. 21. La legislatura decretard. todas las leyes que sean necesarias para llevar a efecto las disposiciones de esta cons- tituci6n. Sec. 22. El perlodo de incumbencia de todos los funciona- rios electos en la elecci^n predicha comenzard en la fecha de HVi cualificaci6n y expirard al mismo tiempo que expirarla si hubierao sido electos el Martes seguido del primer Lunes de Noviembre del afio de mil novecientos doce. Dado en plena convenci6n en la ciudad de Santa Fe, en el Territorio de Nuevo Mexico, este disr veintiuno de Noviena- bre, en el aflo de Nuestro Sefior, de mil novecientos diez. (Pirmado) CHAS- A. SPIESS, Presidente de la Convenci6n C!onstitacionaL (Pirmado) GEORGE W. ARMIJO, Secretario. •4 V, I ■w- '^ c'XX > '\ ^ YC 36199