[ Whole. Number $6$ DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR — [(TREAT OK EDTCATION. N MLLKTIN. N( ). 3, loot;. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS: LEGISLATION AND JUDICIAL DECISIONS RELATING TO PUBLIC EDUCATION. October 1. 190-1, to (Ootoboi^J, 1906. KOWAkD C. ELLIOTT, Pr%/fMOr of Munition in the I'riirrrriti/ uf Wixconjtin . .SECOND EDITION, UKVISKI). Pla0 letter nf transmittal ^ Prefatory note w * < ' * • • ■ / 1 ieneral explanations . : ; ^ Plan ff classification * ^ hepislatinn^dntinp to public education: * ^ A. Administrative control and supervision .if elementary and secondary education * . * ^ ft. State finance and support C. Local linanee and support ^ I). Bui Idinps and sites ^2 f«. Teachers in elementary and srrondarv schools ... . ^ K. Teachers: Employment, etc (i Teachers: Professional training and education 33 * 11 . School population ’and attendance ‘ qq . L S< hool. disciplims.. . / ‘ jqq J- Health regulations . * 101 K. Text -hooks and supplies ^ |q^» L. Subject-matter of iifstruction * jq^ M- SlK^cial types of Nchor|l ^ N. Secondary education: Ilfph schouls and academies (jg O. Higher educational institutions 4 jjg V. Professional and higher tcchnhul education 121 Q. Private and endowed higher institutions \2^ K. Libraries . . .* * ^4 S. Education of defectives and delinquents . ]26 Recent derisioiiKnf State supreme courts: * Explanatory statement jgg -* I. The Illinois Iformal School caw* . _ . . / J28 ’ II. The Iowa football ca^e .* * * 132 * III. The Seattle High School fraternity ease 1 .'... , "pjg IV. The status of the public high* school in the America school system . 141 Subject index ^ State index . ICC • * - lf>o . . m 4 ' * d t I « ' . A « it * / -A * 1 LETTER OF TRANSMIT!* AL. Dkiwktmknt ok tuk Interior, v * * HriiKAr ok Emrt.vnoN, h ' ux/t i/u/ftw* IK f .\ oncfifOcn 7.9, 1900, Sir: I have the honor to transmit herewith 1 1 j o* manuscript of the third mind km* of the Bulletin of the Bureau of Hdnyspion for the year WOIS, and to recommend its publication under the provisions of the act. approved May ‘J8, 18JH> (ffi) Stat. L.J 171), authorizing such publication. This number of the Bulletin, Entitled “ Staty School Systems: Legislation and Judicial Decisions relating to Public Education, October 1, 1904, to OcIoIht 1, 1900. was prepared at iny request by Professor Edward O. Elliott, of the University of Wisconsin. It is intended to serve a special purpose. The legislatures of forty stated will eon vent* on or soon after the 1st day of January; 1907. In the moSfof those states bills will undoubtedly lx* introduced* looking to, improvements in the several state systems of education. It fre- quentlv happens that the framers and promoters of such bills, and nremliers of the legislature who are called to vole upon them, are desirous of acquainting themselves with precedents. set \i\ the recent school legislation of other states, and ifiay in fuel- derive many valu- able suggestions from such legislation. It is hoped that the’publi- eat ion here offered will in large measure meet this peed and will accordingly prove directly serviceable in the spread of improvements in our educational systems. * T A bile’* serving this spedatnncl immediate purpose, it is hoped that it limy prove useful in various other ways. A digest of the school laws of the jJeverul states was published by the Bureau of Educa- tion as Chapter IV of the Report o.f the Quunvissioner of Education for 1004. Professor Elliott’s report brings that publication down, to the present date, with a carefully oompiled and classified* list of a\l of (he recent educational enactments. . - 4 Professor Elliott’s work has been done at high pressure, within a few weeks' time, with a view' to making this publication available for use at the time when it may be most Heeded. It is not unlikely, under the$e circufnstunces, that some minor errors may have crept in. The wprk as a whole will, howevter, I am sur&, commeid itself to h ' \ 6 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. public confidence by the care and intelligence with which it has been prepared. • The following additional numbers of this Bulletin are in course of preparation : One relating to changes in city school .systems' in the United States within the past two years, handed to supplement the pifcdicnl i.»i Here offered, m course of preparation hv Professor Klliott in eoiitinu- ntion of his work in this nuinher; One relating t( , the system of schools *«T- backward and otherwise exceptional children in (ienujinv. in course of preparation hv Pro- fessor Fletcher B. Dresslar. of (lie I’nivetsity of California : One relating to t instruct ion in iijitsic i„ the liiite.f States, in course of preparation bv Professor Arthur L. .Manchester, of Converse College, Sparfnnlmrg, South Carolina. . { I have the lwrnor to he. sir, very ivspeerfullv. ' Im.mkh Eu.su oirrir ^Biiown. ' . C l.ne S^’chktakv ok this Intkkior. / PREFATORY NOTE. - The following work, relating to current educational legislation in the United States ns generally a fleeting state school systems, was undertaken at the instance .of the* Commissioner of Education of the. United States, Dr. Elmer Ellsworth Drown. The plan as outlined by him contemplates two publications* of which this is. the first. The second will* be devoted exclusively t(> legislation, state and local, enacted during the past two years, hearing direct lv* upon the organi- zation and administration of the school systems of American cities. The work of preparation of the present number has been carried forwant^prineipnllv in the Law Division o^ the National Libras^ at Washington, aird'in Ihe Wisconsin State Library and the Law Library of the University of Wisconsin, at Madison. To the members of the staff of each, of these libraries I am indebted in the largest measure for their continued and courteous assistance in placing the necessary facilities at inv disposal. I)r. Charles McCarthy. Librarian of thy Wisconsin legislative Reference Library, has by his advice and helpfulness furthered in many ways the progress flf my task. Thru him also I have received valuable assistance from Dr. Roliert # II. Whitten, Sociology Librarian of the New York State Library. I am indebted to the carefully prepared and serviceable legislative bulletins of the New York State Depajjtmynt of Education for many valuable suggestions. Mr. J. F. Scott has rendered much timely and valuable' aid in the correction of ihe manuscript and proofs Wit h* 1 but one or two exceptions the various state superintejidents of public instruction, or the corresponding state educational officers* have responded to a request for information regarding the character and importance -of the legislation enacted in their several states dur- ing the jxriod under consideration. The assistance of these officers lias lidded much to tin* value and quality of the results f ha ve at- tempted to set forth, and I take this opportunity of expressing my appreciation of such-assistance. Thruout, the spirit of hearty cooperation, characteristic of the attitude of all those upon whom I have had to depend, and especially so of the various members of the staff of the Bureau of Education, has contributed to make my work famdess arduous and far more profitable than it otherwise would have been. * * In spite of the care in preparation, a piece of web. 10,1906 l\J an. 2, 1906, to Mar. 13, 1906 Idaho '.... tVilifnrnf a vo 1 UUJ U III * * * « Colorado Connecticut IUtnols Indiana Delaware Ihwa ginaf Florida* Kentucky!... *The last session of the legislature In Alabama wa a held Id 1003. The next session will take place In 1007. \ The enactments of the 1006 aeaalon of the Georgia legislature hare been excluded* owing to delay in printing. IQ st;ate school systems: legislation, ieo*-e. (j Tablt of Ugiiiative semont, October 1, 1904, to October 1, 1906— Continued. State* an \ Terri to- rt ei LotiUl&nj Maine Maryland MaaB&chuAetlB .. Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Mlaeouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico.... “New York North Carolina . North Dakota.... Ohio Oklahoma Jan. /Jau. \Jao. Jan. Jan. Jan. ■lion. May 14, 1906 Jan. 4,1906, 8.1906, 4.1906, 8. 1906, 4. 1905, 8.1905, 2.1906, Jan. 4,1906, Jan. 2, 1906 Jan. 8,1906 Jan. 16, 1905. Jan. 4,1906, /Jan. 10, 1905, \Jan. 9,1906. Jan. 16, 1905, ,|Jan. 4,1905, {June 21, 1906, iJao. 8,1906, Jan. 4,1906, Jan. 8,1906, Jan. 1,1906, Jan. 10, 1906, l, to July 12,1906 to Mar. 24, 1806 to Apr. 2,1906 to May 26, 1906 to June 29. lfOl to Junel7, 19i>6 to Apr. J8, 1905 to Apr. 21,1906 to Mar. 16,1906 toMkr. 2,1905 to Mar 80, 1906 to Mar. 14, 1906 to Mar. 10, 1905 to Mar. 30, 19(6 to Apr. 12, 1906 to Mar. 10,1906 to May 5,1906 to July 20, 1905 to May 8,1908 to Mar. 6, 1806 to Mar. 3,1906 to Apr. 2,1806 to Mar. 10, 1906 State* and Territo- ries. Oregon Pennsylvania. Rhode Island . South Carolina . . South Dakota Teuneasee Texas. Utah Vermont Virginia Washington .. West Virginia. Wisconsin. Wyoming Time of session. Jan. [Jan. iJan. Nov. [Jnti. [Jan. ( Jan. ; Jan. Jan. Jan. | Jan. Apr. Mar. Jan. Oct. Jan. Jau. Jan. Keb. Jnn. ,I>ec. Jan. 9, 1906, 3, 1906, 16, 1906, 15. 1904, 3. 1905, 2, 1906, 10, 1906, 9.1906, 3, 1905 2, 1905, 10.1905, 15, 1906, 26.1906, 9, 1906, 6, 1904, 10, 1906, 9, 1906, 11. 1905, 2.S 190.5, 11, 1905, 4, 1905, 10.1905, to Feb. to Apr. to Feb. to Nov. to May to Apr. to Feb. to Keb, to Mar. to Apr. to Apr. to May to Apr. to Mar. to Dec. , to Mar. to Mar. to Fob. to Mar. to June . to Dec. to Feb. 17.1905 13.1905 16, 1??06 18.1904 ' 11.1905 20,1906. 18.1906 17,1908 8,1906 17.1906 15, 1905 14, 1905 8, 1906 9,1905 10.1904 1,6,1900 9.1905 25.1905 1. 1905 21. 1906 19.1905 18.1906 To accomplish the purposes for %-hich the bulletin is immediately intended in as direct and brief a mauner as possible, laws and acts of the following specific character pertaining to state school systems are included : (1) All ^general, permanent laws, whether new enactments or amendments to general, permanent laws already in force. (2) Constitutional amendments, adopted or proposed, whether general or local in their effect. (3) Laws resulting in significant changes in the organization and administration of public education in the larger and more important ing t&e biennium. (7) Decisions and interpretations by the highest state courts re- lating to laws enacted during the biennium 1904-C. • Such law# are, however, merely daetlfled and digested In the brWeat poailble manner. They have been reverted for complete analyaia and treatment In a later bulletin dealing with city echool «yeteme, which la in preparation add aoop to be limed. GENERAL EXPLANATIONS. 11 The following classes of legislation have been excluded from con- sideration : (1) Laws providing for general appropriations. ('2) Special acts relating to particular individuals or minor localities. (3) Special and temporary acts, unless of more than local or tran- sitory concern.'* (4) Federal and local legislation relating to education in the Dis- trict of Columbia, Alaska, Hawaii, Porto Kicos Philippine' Islands, and other insular possessions. Iii addition to the legislation above noted, there have been included as supplementary to the principal purpose of the publication a few of the recent decisions of the different state supreme courts upon mat- ters of current interest to those engaged in the work of public educa- tion. Method Presentation . — The aim has been to present in a concise and serviceable manner the meaning and contents of each particular enactment, classified in accordance' with the writer's best judgment. As a general thing but one entry has been made for each of those laws treating of but one particular topic or title. Frequently, where an ‘enactment possesses a relation to two subjects according to the scheme of classification, a method of cross reference has been resorted to. Thus, for example, enactment No. 300 (Georgia — act J?o. 159) con- tains two important topics, the creation and organization of local school districts and the -limitations upon taxation for school purposes. *ln order to classify properly, reference is made not only to local taxa- tion but also to school districts. (See enactment No. 155.). In a 41 umber of cases wherein a single law treats of a number of diverse subjects or titles, or wherein the amendments to the educa- tional code are grouped together in a single act or chapter, an effort has been made to distribute the particular portions of such measures so ^liut the alterations produced in different directions would be evi- dent. Such distribution has been indicated in an appropri^e manned, either by indicating a particular section of an individualchapter or act, or otherwise. * , Each law or separate title has been treated in one of three ways: (1) Unimportant new laws and amendments have been indicated as briefly ns possible by title or otherwise. Where the title of th^bill presents its import in a clear and concise manner it has been used, •For Instance, the appointment of the Commission on Industrial and Technical Edu- cation authorised tby 4hc Massachusetts legislature In 1005. (See No. 621. p. 106.) • 12 '- * STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS : LEGISLATION, 1904-6. * sometimes by quotation and at others by such modifications of the wording as would convey its significance in the best possible* manner. (2) Frequently, and especially in the case of amendments to exist- ving statutes, besides reference to the particular subject, somewhat * fu,ler explanatory matter has been added to bring out the exact change produced. * (3) With important and far-reaching measures, in addition to the title and digest of the subject-matter of the enactment, either the whole or the most significant portion has been quoted. 4 Still further, by way of evaluation of the iniportance of laws in the . respective states, use has been ma a. General. ft, I/>eal (County, pistrict, Municipal), Finance and Support; Bonds and Indebtedness. — — c. Local (County, District, Municipal)' Taxation for School Purposes. D. Buildings and 8ites. . ’ a. General. ft. Buildings arid Sites: 8tate Aid; Approval of Plans. c. Buildings and Sites: Decoration; Care; Sanitation; Inspection. d. Buildings and 8ites: Prohibition districts. e. U. S. Flag in Schools, E. Teachers in Elementary and Secondary 8choolb. a. Teachers: Qualifications ;*Gehernl. * ft. Teachers’ Examinations and Certificates: Genera). c. Teachers’ Examinations and Certificates: 8peclal. d. Teachers’ Certificates; Validity; Indorsement; Registration; Revo- cation. „ ^ ^ e. Teachers’ Certificates; Recognition of Normal School, and College or University Diplomas, 9 /. Teachers’ Associations, F. Teachers : Employment ; Contract ; Appointment ; Dismissal, a. General, ft. Teachers’ Salaries: c. Teachers’ # Penatons. • It Is apparent that I am Indebted to the carefully prepared and serviceable legislative • bulletins of thf New York State Department of Education for many ngsestion§ relating, to classification of legislation. 14 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS: LEGISLATION, 1904-0. ' G. Teachers : Professional Training and Education «. University Departments and Schools of Education. b. State Normal Schools. ' k c * °° unt >’ anfl Normal and Training Schools. .,f Pupils ; u.osolidntlon of f. Compulsory Attendance ; Child Labor; Truancy L SCHOOL DISCIPLINE. ft. General. b. Corporal ^Punishment. , r - SuRjienslon and Expulsion. d. Fire 4 Drills. J. Health- Regulations. a. General. b. Physical Examination and Medical Inspection. K. Tf.xt- Books and Supplies. n. General. th Free Text*lk>oks. c. Uniformity of Text-books. , L. Subject-Matter of Instruction. o. General. V I 1 I Vc j amousni. M N. O. P. Physical Education. d. Physiology ; Hygiene; Alcohol; Narcotics. c. Moral and Ethical Education. f. Humane Treatment of Animals. { 7 . MurU*. h. Drawing. i. Technical. Manual, and Industrial Education . }. Days of Special Observances. K\ Other Special Subjects. Special Types of School. a. General. b. Kindergartens. c. Evening Schools. d. Vacation Schools, c. University Extension; Public I a f. Farmers' Institutes, etc. Q. Private and Endowed Schools. , Secondaby Education : High Schools and Academies. Higher Educational Institutions. a. Finance; Lands; Support. b. State Universities and Colleges. PBOfttSIONAL AND HlOIIEB TECHNICAL EDUCATION. a. Teachers' Colleges and Normal Schools. . ft. Agricultural College*. , a Mining Schools. &. Military Schools. PLAN OF CLASSIFICATION. 15 Q. Private and Endowed IIiciier Institutions: State Control. R. Libraries. n. Public School Libraries. 8. Education* of Defectives. 1 . a. Deaf mid Dumb. 1 h. blind, (. Crippled nnd Deformed* Mctfioil of Citation, — At the end of each entry will be found the proper citation Jo the section^ chapter, numlier of act, or page 'in the case of those states 'whose session la ws are not numbered- consecu- tively) ; year, {lav. and month of approval or passage: In a number of instances where enactments became operative at some date after passage or approval, the date of operation follows* in parentheses the date of passage or approval, An especial effort 1ms Ikhmi made to avoid arbitrary and technical abbreviations in making citations. Consequently, but few have been used and then only the most common and easily recognized ones., It is thought that theuresulting absence of ambiguity and confusion for the lay' and nontechnical reader more than compensates for the slight iryp y^isc in the volume of matter presented. - Rer/arx x of Legislation .— An effort has been made tq characterize briefly and to indicate the significant features of the legislation included under each of, the principal and important subjects as indi- cated by the plan of classification.* These reviews will be found im- mediately preceding the classified list of enactments of each section. The following titles relate, to recent publications which have a 1 waring upon some of the subjects with which this number ofdhe bulletin deals : \ Cj:hrkki.>:y. E 1 . 1 . Wool) V. School fumln awl their apportionment. Teachers College (Columbia University) < 'ontrlhutfcins to Education. No. 2. N. Y., OctolKT. 1905. * , Emaott. Edward C. Some fiscal aaiwctH of public education In American effes. Teachers College Record, Vol. VI. No. 5 (November. 190M- New York, Columbia University Press. • ( Laws relating to the employment of children In the United States ' Depart- ment* of Commerce and Labor. Bulletin of the Btffeau of Labor. ,No. 62 (January. 1900), pp. 197-285. Washington, 1906, ‘ Report on public libraries, 1005. New York State Library. Hoiut Education Department, bulletin 45. Albany. New York State Education Qwmrtment, 1906. % LEGISLATION RELATING TO PUBLIC EDUCATION. I Enactments ‘which huve been reported by the chief officers of the several State educa- Monuj ayetems as or the first Importance Id the development of ttaoee systems artf led leaded by un asterisk <*u] A. ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL ANp SUPERVls/oN OF ELEMEN- TARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION. (a) General /t Of the legislation relating to general aclniinlstrntl ve control and supervision of elementary and secondary education, the following are worthy of spool u I note: The state of Texas (3) codified and simplified her school laws In order to provide for a more efficient system of public schools. The length of this revised code and the large number of changed produced prevent a complete analysis nml presentation In this place. The content of y»e new code is Indi- cated by the title of the net. of revision ns here quoted. The provision by the New York legislature of 1000 (1 ) for n new state bulldiug for the exclusive use of the Educational Department Is a further recognition of the Importance of thut depa^ment and representative of the munificence of that state In the en- deavor to enlarge its Influence upon nil phases of popular education. 1. New Yohk; Providing for a state education building nt Albany. Appropriating $400,000 for the acquisition of a site. Providing for the preparation of preliminary plans by a commission composed of the state nrebl tect, a member of the board of regents of the University of the state of New ^ork. and the commissioner of education. Building to Ik? for use of state educa- tion department, the state library, ; nnd state museum of natural history. Public competition for designs and plans. Maximum cost, $3,500,000. Plans, speci- fications. and bids to be submitted to legislature of 1007. Chap, (178, May 31, 1900. 2. Oregon: Authorizing Superintendent of Public Instruction to annotate and compile Hie school laws enacted by the twenty-third regular session of legislature; authorizing State Board of Education to publish the same, and providing for distribution, Sen. ('one. Res. No. 28,. Page 437, Feb. Iljf if)05> 3. Texas: Repealing chaps. 7, 8, !», 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, und Id, tit. 80, Revised Civil 8tututes, 1805, and umendments thereto relating to public education and providing for a complete system of public free schools, < Providing for a more ^efficient system of public free schools for the state of Texas ; defining the school funds ; providing for the Investment of the perma- nent fund, and the apportionment of the available fund; defining the duties of certain state officers In reference to the public free schools ; creating the offices ■ Minnesota compiled and adopted a levlsod code of General Laws In 1905. This new cods contains numerous revisions of school laws which, however, have not been inctaded In this analysis of legislation. ^ 0 18752^-Bull. No. 8 — 0T-f 2 XI 18 STATE SCHOOL 8^8TEMS : LEGISLATION, 1904-6, °* C0^Dt > , superintendent, providing for the election and salaries of such officers, and. prescribing their qualifications and duties'; prescribing the duties of other officers In reference to the public schools and public school funds ; making county Judges ex -officio county Huiwrintendents, In all counties not hav- ng superintendents, and providing for their coiui^ensatlon ; providing for the creation of school districts In nil the counties or this state except in such counties as shall vote in favor of the continuance of the community system nml as to such counties continuing In force all 1 *vh of the State now in force regu- iutlng ^unties under the community system, " provided however, that the scholastic census in such county shall be taken by the school trustees appointed by the county superlntciideiit of public instruction in the manner provided In section 89 of this act; providing for t lie election of school trustees and prc- V 1 * f <1U)tIi i n i y atlous 1111(1 duties ; providing for the creation of county ‘ line district** providing for levying and collecting special tirxes for the further ma nteuance of the public free schools and the. erection of school liuuses ; pm- vldlng for the Issuance of common school district bonds for building purposes r^nnlirr d H Dg i 8 * n , klllg therefor; providing for the creation of lude- l^ d *K t8( i h districts, at eleemosynary institutions and apiK>lntn>ent of tru*- ^tees therefor; providing for independent school- districts in cities and town* and In towns and villages and independent districts incorporated for school °? y i, ; t r l r ? Vidi, !f f0r tb ° issuance of bonds for school purposes bv ndependent districts and creating sinking funds therefor; providing for the ' h * ii IM J e i^ nonrds of examiners nnd the issuance of teachers certificates i; providing compensation and prescribing the dfutles of teachers employed thereunder: providing for the extension of teachers 1 certlfl sf.nhi pro ' ltije management of the pub- Ba. VnucrNT : Amending Act No. 48, Actw,Jfl04. Registered pharmacist of fifth class exempted. Act No. 48, Dec. 1, 1904. 1 Act No. 49, Dec. 10, 1904. * (b) Suto Boards and Officers. The legislation of the, biennium concerning state boards and officers, dis- plays an endeavor to Increase their efficiency, and expand their influence ; espe- ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL AND SUPERVISION. 19 Clally In the case of the State Su|>erlntendent of Public* Instruction. The pro- visions for addltlounl clerical assistance (8. 0. HI. 21. 24, 2d, 29), the increased 4 approprlatjons for traveling expenses (14. 22. 27, 34), the appointment of iiskIr* taut or deputy su|>erlntemlonts (17! :15> are rightly calculated In the states concerned to relieve the, chief ddovotlomil officer of the state from some of the iuerbitslng routine demands of Ills position and to Enable him to come Into direct contact with those educational conditions la* Is supposed to direct and influence. Perhaps the most linjiortiuit enactment of the |H?rlod Is. that of Wisconsin (27), creating the office of the lns|>ootor of rural schools. The activities of this officer will undoubtedly serve Anally to increase the extent of state super- vision of the schools of rural communities and to elevate the rural school prob- lem Into Its proper place In the educational economy of the state hy developing a greater local Interest ami resj>onsiblllty in tbe work and efficiency of the dis- trict school. Taken in connection with tbe act establishing the county school I ward convention (74). this legislation must be reganhsl as containing tbe greatest |K>s»ibi ii ties for the reform of the least progressive i>ortlon of. state school systems.. U. Akhs^Na : Amending mr. 1, chap. 1, title 19, Revised Statutes. 1901, relating to t‘omiM>Hltlon of Territorial 1 Shard of Education. * Adding to the present membership two principals or suiM'riutendents of graded or high schools, to be npindutcd by the Governor. Chap. 22. Mar. 4. 1905, 7. Arizona: Providing for tlaVstate office of public examiner and prescribing l^is duties. # 'Requiring public examiner to exatnlue Itooks. accounts, aud vouchers of county officers ; among others. -the county superintendent of public schools. Chap. 40. Mar. 1£, 1005. H. California: Amending see. 515, Political Code, 1903, relating to clerk for Superintendent of Public Instruction. Provides for ap|H»lntmcid and salary of other clerical assistants, statistician, stenographer, and text-bia»k clerk. Chap. 198. Mar. 18, 1905. 9. California: Adding S4*e. 1871a. Political Code. 1903, creating the office df - Secretary of the State Text-book Coimnlssion, detailing his dutieh and Ax- ing his compensation. * % Chap. 582, Mar. 22. 1905. tO. Connecticut: Amending sir. 4811. General •Statutes, 1902, relating to state officers. f Changes title of clerk * of the State Board of Education to chief clerk*. . ChajL 251, Jufy 19. 1905. II^Iowa: Amending- see. 2022, Code supplement. 1902. relatlug to the duties of the Superintendent of "'Public Instructing Number of lea (lets, s|hk’1uI circulars, aud courses of study printed to be de- termined by the executive council. See. A, Chap. 3, Mar. 23^1900., 12. Iowa: Amending sec. 2025, Code, 1897, relating to the, time for the making of the biennial reports of the State Superintendent *f Public Instruction. Publication In bven-numbered years. Chap. 121, Mar. 30, 1900. 20 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS: LEGISLATION, 1904-6. 13. Iowa: Repealing segj. 10^1 KKM, 1005, 1066, 1070. and 1071, Code, 1897. relating to the election •nncl terms of office of state officers and enacting substitutes therefor General fttnte elect! be biennia). The governor. lieutenant-governor, secretary of state, auditor of state, treasurer of .state, attorney-general, and superintendent of |)ii£>lm instruction shall be chosen at the general election in each even num- bered year and their terms of office shall be for two years. ^ ' Chap. 30, Apr. 10, 1900. 14. Kentucky: Appropriating annually $500 far paying the expenses of tbc4 r State Superintendent of Public. Instruction when visiting various |K>r- t ions of the state iu the interest of the common schools. Chap. 40. Mar. 10.A90<5. 15. Maryiand: Granting to the State Hoard of Education the use ortho Fifth Regiment 'Armory hi Baltimore during July. 11)07, for the annual meeting of National Educational Association. V** 4 Chap. 773, Apr. 5. 11 Hh;. 10. •Maryjand: Regaling aDd reenacting with amendments sec. 10, Art. 77, PubllcCGeuerul Lhwb, 1904 (elmp v 584, Acts, 1904), relating to excuses of State Board of Education. Increasing annual payment for general expenses and clef lea I assistance from two thousand to three thousand dollars. Sec. h ("hap. 356, Apr! 9, 19(H). 17. • Mary i and : Adding sec. 17d to follow see. 17c (20) Art. 77, Public General Laws, 1904 (chap. 584, Acts. 1904), relating to State Superintendent of Public Education. - 0 Authorizing the appointment by the State Superintendent, nnO with con- firmation by Stnte Board of Education, of an- Assistant Su|>erlnteiuleut of Public Education. Salary, $1,500 per ami uln. # Sec. 1. Chap. 350. Apr 1>. 1900. 18. Michigan: Amending secs. 4(139 and 4041, Compiled Laws. 1807 /set*. 1 and 3. no. 164. Public Acts. 1881), relating to the pavers and dtitleR of tbe Su|K»rintendeut of Public Instruction. Act No. 72, Apr. 25, 190£. 19. Michigan: Amendlri^ secs. 4039 and 4641, Compiled Laws, 1897, relating to duties of the Superintendent of Public Instruction. Superintendent to have supervision of normal training classes; to enforce lnwa governing schools. May prlut general course of study for schools of state. 1 ‘ f \ Act No# 72, Apr. 25, 1005. 20. Nebraska : Repealing and reenacting with amendments see. 10, chap. 10. Compiled Statutes, 1903, relating to official bonds of state officers. Fixing offloinl bond of Deputy Superintendent of Public Instruction at $ 10 , 000 . \ Cbajt. 12^pr, 1, $0 (LISl 21. Nevada : Authorizing employment of 'a stenographer by 8tat^ Supei Inte'Ud- ent of Public Instruction. "Chap. 110, Mar. 7, 19 >5. 22. N»w Hampshire : Adding sec. 11 to chap. 94, Public Statutes, 1901, relating to Superintendent of Public Instruction. Allowing not to exceed annually $150 fori [avellng expenses. Chap. 58, Mat. 9, 1905. HU ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL AND SUPERVISION. \ : 23. New York*. Amending sec. 7, chap. 378, Laws, -1892, relating to Regents of the University of theiState of New York. Six instead of ten regents to constitute n quorum for the transaction of business. , , * * Chap. 161, Apr. 8, 1905. 24. North Carolina: Amending sec. 4 1, chap. 4, Laws, 1001, as amended hy wf' 2. dmp. 4,r., I.IUVH. I!W rclatl^K to clerical assistance of Superintend- ent of Public Instruction. Increasing salary of clerk mid stenographer. ** Sec. 2, Chap. 533, Mar. 0. 1905. 25. North Carolina: Ke|HMillng serlmendent of Public Instruction. Increasing appropriation from $1,000 to $1,250 for additional clerk. * Sec. 15. Chafe $)33. Mar. 6, 1905. 27. ^ T oaTH Carolina : Amending see. 9. chap. 4, Laws 1901, relating to traveling ex] tenses of Sui>erinteuilent of Public Instruction. Increasing allowance from $50(Mo.,$l,000 per annum.* ^ ^ Sec. 16, Chap. ,533, iiar. 6, 1005. 28. North JJakota : Amending sec. 180, 'Revised Codp 1899, relating to Hilary of Commissioner of University and School Lands. Increasing salary from fifteen hundred to eighteen hundred dollars per annum. Chap. 127, Mar. 9, 1905. 29. I^NNeVLVANiA : Authorizing the' employment of additional clerical assist- ance for State Superintendent of Public Instruction. Act No. 11, Mar. 2, 1905. .*10. Utah: Amending sec. 1778, Revised Statutes. 1898. relating to tht/fdeniilnl , report of the State Superintendent. Report to contain comparative statement of the closing and preceding bien- nium. * M ' ^ec. 1. Chap. 78, Mar. 0. 1905. 3l/ Vermont : Authorizing the Superintendent of Education In case of deuth. V resignation, or disability of an examiner to perform temporarily duties \ of such examiner. I Act No. 31, I>m\ l. 1904. 32. Viboinia: Ameudlng sec. 183, subdlv. 14, C/Ode. 1904, relating to sulary of Sui>erint^ndent of Public Instruction. Increasing annual salary from $2,000 tQ $2,800. Chap. 3. .Um. 29. 1966. 33. Virginia: Amending sec. 1429, Code, 1904, relating to selection, composl- tlon, (iuallflcntlons, etc.,’ of State Board of Education. Removing ambiguity of section as to- the right of the senate to elect members >f the State Board of Educatlou at the present session. Chap. 33. Feb. 40 , 1906. >- Chap. 144. Mar. 10, 1906. 34. Virginia: Amending see. 1434, Code, 1904, relating to election, qua II flea tlonSj etc., of thg^Suberlotendent of Public Instruction. Increasing annual /allowance for traveling expenses from five to eight hun- dred dollars, * . * Chap. 248. Page 436, Mar. 15, 1906. V* V „ ■*.* V/ ERIC s * 22 arm SCHOOL SYSTEMS : LEGISLATION, 18W-S. A 86.' WABHlnoTon : Amending see. 23, Code of Public Instruction (see. 4294, Annotated Codes and Statutes. 1897). gating to appointment of Deputy Superintendent of Public Instruction. P ^ S ^ e 8u P er!n te“dent to appoint Deputy* Super in tendon t who sstfs Sec. 1, Chap. 5t is hereby authorized to appoint a , nd sul ^hle person as an inspector of rural schools. R ^ duty of saitf insp&ofr to visit and inspect, as far as 6 ’ rUra ^hools^W each county in the state and to pro- ‘"formation concerning the rural School districts. This in- spector shall assist the state superintendent in preparing such spe- and ffof > tfr! rand hgi t tUr / • bearin « u P° n th ® conditions Stv Au ^ 5 M /““y h advisa hle. It shall also be the ?“ ty , of ‘his inspector to confer with each county or district super- intended concerning the condition of the schools in his countT or district; to consult with schppl officers, patrons, and teachers in regard to school management, discipline, branches of study, school law^and school sanitation, and by. public lectures, conferences and meeting T" iXnigent interest in ™tVi.l cultural education, as well as in the usual routine work of the ele mentary ruraTschooi. The inspector provided for by this chnder SSrtT h?™ « th ® direction of the state superintendent, and slfall report to him as often as may be deemed necessary concerning the “" ( ? lt \ ons f ou " d *5. fh* schools and districts inspected and of the work done in the discharge of his duties. When the rural schools k *•" b * “«"«< *» <** *■«•> >>y Sec. 2. The inspector of rural schools shall receive as an 'annual and I Qec^arv° travel 1 in^ ^ a " d 8,1 u 11 h® ™ imbu rsed for all actual iirKr^lS Sfe." inoonie ^qyided for in yT ch *P 4 0J>. June So. 1906 (July 1, 1906). * (c) County Board* and OtBcera. to cwmty ed * c * tlonal officer* and boards V" comment First «M those raising S»e qtuUlfiction* J42, ^TtSO, fek ^ f.rrt ADMINIfiTBATIVB OONTBOL AND 8UFEB VISION. 28 67, 66) and Increasing tbe compensation (38, 39, 40, 46, 48, 61, 53, 60, 64, 76) of county supertotendents ; second, those establishing the county school board convention (49, 54, 63, 74). The movement reflected by the first class of enactments has been In progress during the past several years, and may be taken as an expression of the demand for county super! ptendents who are professional teachers, equipped to carry for- ward the necessary work of supervision and direction of particularly the rural school?. The tendency to require that county' superintendents shall hold high- grade teachers’ certificates most gradually result In removing the office, in n large degree, at least from the Influence of partisan logal politics and give to It a distinctly educational character. The measures enacted In Indiana (40), Ne- braska (60), New Jersey, (51), and North Dakota (57) are characteristic of the best of the movement - South Dakota proposed and adopted an amendment to her constitution to permit the legislature to prescribe additional qualifications for county super- intendents. • I» the second class of enactments under this beading may be placed those authorizing an annual meeting of the* members and officers of tfie various dis- trict Rud other local school boards of each county In the state. For waut of a letter term these meetings may be called “county school board conventions.” State school officers and county superintendents of schools have always recog- nised the desirability nod value of bringing together for conference and discus- sion the officers -and members of district school boards ub a means of developing a larger and more intelligent interest In the educational progress and welfare of rural communities. Here and there, by personal force and professional enthu- siasm of Individual state and county superintendents, such conferences ' of school officials for a number of years past have been voluntarily beld more or less frequently and regularly. Tbe statutes of at least one state (Minnesota) have for a decade or more specifically required that e§cb county superintendent 'should hold annual meetings of the officers of the different district school boards In his county. The/testimony of all of those who have had to do with meeting? of this sort was unanimous as to their power for good. Tbe chief otStacle .seemed to be In Securing the attendance of all of those w ho should have been benefited. The voluntary organizations and gatherings, whatever their origin nud inspiration, were likely to attract only the most Interested and efficient of school officials ; or the time and excuse necessary prevented many from attending such meet lugs. To overcome these difficulties the county school board convention has been created, attendance required of school officers, and com- pensation provided. The credit of having first established annual meetings of the officers and members of tbe boards of tbe various school districts In every county, with the significant provisions of obligatory attendance and nom- inal compensation therefor, appears to belong to tbe state* of South Dakota by the a Of $2,000. instead of graded scale on basis of o!*$ 2 000 P6r teacher ln °° unty wlth n minimum of $1,300 and n maximum Chap. 2e from $400-$1500/ according to classification of county. ***w-*i,uw ' t Hinp. OO, Mar. 14, 1905. 54. Nobth Dakota: Amending sec. 081. Revised Code, 18ft». reliitlng'to meet- Ings of district school boards. * * * * provided, that in any common school district whichcon- tains a graded school of three or more departments the l>oard shall hold jugular meetings for the transaction of business on the second 1 uesday of each month, at such time and place as may be fixed by the Board, and in such districts the members of the board shall receive a compensation of one dollar for each meeting attended; provided further, that in counties having the district system, the president and clerk, agd in counties having the township system, the members and clerks or Stoch officers as such pfesident end \>oard mav appoint to represent them shall receive ten cents a mile for the distance neces- sarily traveled in attending general meetings of the presidents, mem- ber* and clerks of school boards convened by the county superin- tendent and also a salary of two dolliTs, but the total sum ofsuch salary and mileage shall not exceed five dollars for each representa- tive in attending any one meeting. ' ♦ ' Chap, 102, Mar, Ol90&, ] $6 STATE SCHOOL . 8Y8TBMB : LEGISLATION, 1904-6. 6B, • North Dakota : Amending sec, 870, Revise* Code, I860, relating to depu- ties appointed by. certain officers. Authorising county superintendent of schools to appoint deputy. * Sec. 1, Chap. 100, Mar. 13, 1906. 6a •North Dakota: Amending sec. 652, Revised Cpde, 1899, as amended by chap. 88, .Laws, 1603, relating to salary ofjHlounty superintendent of schools and deputy. Adding the following: In oottnties having fifty or more schools the county superintend- ent may appoint a deputy for whose acts as such he shall be'respon- 8 !e l deputy shall be entitled to a salary equal to fifty per cent of the county superintendent’s salary. ♦ Sec. 2, Chap. 100, Mar. 13. 1905. 57. • North Dakotas Amending sec. 653, Revised Code, 1899, relating to the qualifications of county superintendent of^ schools. 1. No person shall be deemed qualified for the office of county superintendent, in any county where the salary is one thousand dollars or more per year, who is not a graduate of some reputable normal school or higher institution of learning or who does not hold a state normal or a state professional certificate and who has not had at least three years’ successful experience in teaching in tRis state. 2. No person shall be deemea qualified for the office of county superintendent in' counties where the salary is less than one thou- sand dollars per year, unless Jie holds a certificate of the highest county grade or its equivalent j pjxjvided, howevor, that no part of this section shall be construed to affect any person now holding the office of county superintendent. Sec. 3, Chap 100, Mar. 13, 1905, 58. North Dakota: Amending see. 657, Revised Code, 1890, relating to the exemption of county superintendents from the provisions of secs. 054 •, Revised Statutes, 1899, as to county superintendents engaging In teaching or being absent from county. Exemption extended from counties paying twelve hundred dollars annual salary to those paying one thousand dollars. Sec. 4, Ch#p. 100, Mar. 13. 1906. 69. North Carolina: Amending sec. 12, chap. 4, Laws. 1901, relating to county board of education. Teachers not eligible for membership. Sec. 3, Chap 538, Mar. 6, 1906. 60 North Carolina: Amending sec. 27, chap. 4, Laws, 1901, relating to meet- ings and compensation of county board of education. Fixing compensation at two dollars per diem and mileage. Sec. 6, Chap 588, Mar. 6, 1905. Cl. North Carouha: Amending sec. 89, chap. 4> Laws, 1901, relating to the duties of county superintendent to vl^t schools. Bee. 10, Chap 588, Mar. 6, 1906. 6* Orsoon: Amending sec. 8860, Annotated Codes and* Statutes, 1901, relating to the duties of the county school superintendent _D«ftiilng the following duties In counties having twenty thousand or more a *?„ °£f° nr twenty r* t Bectrfrln* report, faontMy M.towttrtraMon and attendance; tfanemlttln# report to superintendent of pohllc . instruction ; organising and ip conducting ADICCNIBTRATTVB CONTROL AND BUPBRVI8I0N. « 87 teacher** reading dicles ; keeping record of certificates leaned to each teacher ; to visit districts twice a year, ftalary, $2,000. Chap. 3, 1905. Jan. IT, 1905. 63. * Pennsylvania : Amending secs. 1 and 2. chap. 106. Laws. 1903,. relating to annual meetings of county associations of school directors. , Providing for compensation far attendance of two dollars per day for a maxi- mum of two days. Section 1. That it shall be the duty of each county superintendent of schools to call together, during the school year beginning June, . 1905^ and annually thereafter, at uie county seat or some other suit- able placeln the county, all the school directors of the county, for the consideration and discussion of questions pertaining to school admin- istration. Sec. 2. It shall be the duty of each school director, in each of the districts of each county, to attend each annual meeting of school directors, called by the count^pB^jerqiJendent for the purpose of con- sidering and discussing questions pertaining to school administra- tion; and each school director attending such annualconvention shall receive, for his necessary expenses, compensation at the rate of two dollars per diem, and mileage at tne rate of three cents per mile, to be paid out of the funds of the district which he serves. But the expwises shall not be paid for more than two days at any annual meetings. H Act No. 105, Apr. 10, 1906.’ 01 South Casouna: Fixing the compensation of the county officers In the vartou^i counties. Fixing the salary of the county superintendent of education In each county. Salaries from four to twelve hundred dollars. \ Act No. 462, Feb. 22, 1905. 65. South Dakota : Proposing an amendment to sec. 7 t art. IX. Constitution, 1889. Legislature may prescribe additional qualifications for nu(ferlntendenf of schools not Inconsistent with sec. 9. art. VII. Vote Nov. 0, 1906, ^ Chap. 68, 1905. 66. Utah : Amending sec. 1785, Revise Statutes, 1898. relating to duties of county superintendents. Providing for the filing of county superintendents* reports of Inspection of sdtf&ls with 8tate Board of Education. ^ Chop. 64, Mar. 9, 1905. 67. Utah : Amending secs. 1806 and 1809, Revised Statutes, 1898, relating to the calling of school elections and the canvass of votes. Removing election of county superintendent from provisions of these sections. Chap. 69, Mac. 9, 1905. 68. Utah : Providing for the election, qualification, duties, compensation, and officers of hoards of education of county school districts. - ' flee No . 175. . 08. Virginia : Amending sec. 1488, Code, 1904, relating to salary of division superintendent of schools. Increasing graduated salary scale. Chap, aft, p«g» 488, Mar. 10, 1800. 4 28 8TATB BCHOOL SYSTEMS : LEGISLATION, 1904-6. county school board. 70>.Vboinia: Amending gee. 1447, Code, 1904, relating to powers and duties of county school board, a i ® nnn ® l ,P iaxlm .T ? mount t0 ** allowed to dlstAet school trugtees * rom . flve to ten dollars. Vesting title of property of etptfnty blgb school in Chap. 248, Pages 436-437, Mrft. 15, 1900. 71. Virginia : Amending In minor manner sec. 1450. Code, 1904. relating to composition, duties, and compensation of school trustee electoral boards. Chap. 248, Page 438, Mar. 15, 1900. 72. Viboinia : Amending aee. 14r,l. Code. 11)04, relating to., officers of gch(H)l trustee electoral boards. £ Division superintendent to be the clerk; chairman to be elected. Chap. 248. Page 438, Mar. 15, 190o! 7a Wisconsin : Adding sec. 401ec., Statutes, 1898. relating to the eligibility of candidates for county superintendent of schools. m fourth class within territorial llmlta of countv or district shall not disqualify candidate. Chap. 46, Mar. 29, 1905. 74. * Wisconsin: Adding par. 9 to sec. 4C1, Statutes, 1898, and providing for the calling, by county and dlatrlct superintendents of schools, of annual school board conventions. ' T h if fj Unt ^ ° r district superintendent of schools shall annually call and hold at least one school board convention for his superintendent district, at the county seat or some other convenient place, for the purpose of consultation, advice, and instruction upon mattersi>ertain- lng to the management of the schools. Each district clerk shall and the director and treasurer may attend such convention. Each mem- lhLi >re *r t 9ha ** “Howcd two dollars and mileage at the rate of S n C ® nts .P er m,1 f each wav, going and returning to and from said * Sl T to be pai " from an y moneys in the school district Z*t ot ^rwise appropriated. The county superintendent K with t£» 0a K^ nt i n ‘. ber . ln , at , tend j nnce 8 eertificate which shall be filed with the school district clerk and serve as a basis or evidence for drawing the necessary warrant upon the district treasury. <"tinp. 105. Apr. 22, 1905. 75. Wisconsin: Providing that the salary of district superintendents of schools ((.Imp. .10 1 , Laws. 1903) shall be same as flxt by Aunt.v board of sutler- viaors for county superintendent of schools. ^ Chap. 252, May 25, 1905. 7a Wisconsin: Am&dlug sec. 704, Statutes, 1898, relating to salary, expenses and bond of county superintendent of schools. * K f ^" a graded mlnltnum aalar y scale for county and district suner- lntendents based upon gross populations of county or district eiftlmlva of cmJ. under city superintendents; also for expenses and bond ° f cltlP8 Chap. 518, June 17, 1905. (d) District, Township, and Municipal Boards sad Officers. r ! ,atln * t0 l0cal (dl8trlct ' toWMhlp. and municipal) officers iijds contain but little of general IMereet beyond those providing for the .T^ nl ? t 0n ® f sy * t6n ' 3 ’w^l control -pf several of the larger and more Important American cities— Philadelphia (111), Boston (96), Milwaukee (128), ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL k AND SUPERVISION. 29 These schemes of reorganization, while local and particular in their application, are of concern to all Intended in the solution of the problems of the political control of educational affairs presented by our linger cities.® * y ' The provisions for the Stabllshment of parish school boa Is by Louisiana (91). the first elections for which are to he held in 1908; the am, udnjent to the Maine law (94) governing the union of towns for the purpose ot supervision : the restriction placed by North Carolina (100) upon the powers ecinliy looted. * / 77. Califobnia: Amending sec. 1503. Political Code, 1903. relatiiJ to the time and place of the election of school trustees. 1 Time of election changed from “first Friday of June of each \Var** to “ mt b ridax ti> April of each year/ 1 * , t'hap. 54. MaJ^.’l, 1905. 78. California : Amending sec. ltiir.. Political Code. UK«, relating to trustees in new and Joint school districts. Date of election of trustees for newly formed Joint districts changed from June to April. Chap. 58, Mur. 3, 1905. 70. California; Providing for the appointment and salary of clerks of school boards In certain school districts. r Chap. 410. Mar. 20. 1905. 80. Califobnia: Adding sec. lttkta to Political ('ode, 1003, relating to duties of teachers. Providing for*he substitution of school records and remits destroyed by con- flagration or puhllc calamity. Specifying that the metlunl of ascertaining the overage dully attendance of a school shall be by taking average dally attendance of the uext preceding school year, increased or diminished by the average yearly percentage of Increase or decrease calculated for next preceding ten years. a rovioo# Chap. 35. June 14, 190(1 (sp. sess.). 81. Connecticut: Amending secs. 2215 and 2210, General Statutes, 1902, con- cerning the number aud election of members of school committees of towns consolidating their school districts. Chap. 97, May 24, 1905. 82. Idaho: Amendfng sec. 82, p. 105, Laws, 1899 (sec. 1074, Political Code, 1901). relating to contracts, oaths of office, officers and compensation of boards of school trustees In lndej>endent scliool districts. Removlug prohibition as to compensation for clerk of board. II. B. No. 75, Page ^1, Feb. 21, 1905. 88. Illinois : Repealing act of J903, p. 170, ns amended Juue 11, 1807, and also repealing act of March (1, 1805. all relating to powers of boards of school Inspectors elected under special acts; and reenacting a substitute. Page 381, May 12, 1905. 84. Indiana: Amending secs, 18 and 23 of an act approved March 4, 1899, and sec. 5 of the- same act m amended by b§e. 1 of an act, approved March 12, 1001, relating to commor ^hools in cities baring more than one hnndr^d ' thousand population. I reserved for complete analysis am] tmtasmt In tbs txUUtlfl dealing with cities, immedlatel/ to follow Orison* * ; 80 8T ’ATE BOHOOL STB' LEGISLATION, 1904-6. Relating to duties of assistant to auditor; bids for ere«on and repair of school buildings ; Increasing salary of and fixing term of office of secretary of board of school commissioners. Chap. 89, Mar. 4, 1906. 85. Indiana: Providing for the election of school trustee* In cities and incor- porated towns, prescribing their terms of office and their powers and duties In relation thereto. Relates only to cities below 50,000 population. Chap. 141, Mar. «, 1905. SO, Iowa: Amending sec. 2754, Code supplement, 1902, relative to the election of members of school boards in Independent school districts. Tenn of office of treasurer In certain school districts to begin on first day of July instead of third Monday lu March. Sec. 2, Chap. 136. Mar. IQ, 1906. 87. Iowa : Repealing sec. 2757, Code, 1897, relative to the meetings of the board of school directors and the election of officers and enacting a substitute therefor. Sec. 3, Chap. 136, Mar. 10, 1906. 88. *4owa : Amendlug sec. 2765, Code, 1897, relating to the reports of the secre- tary of the board to the county superintendent. Report to be made in July Instead of September. 8ec. 6. Chap. 136, Mar. 10, 1900. 89. Iowa : Amending sec. 2800, Code. y$07, relating to the organization of school township boards. Organization to take plate on first of July instead of third Monday In March. Sec. 11, Chap. 130, Mar. 10, 1,906. 90. Iowa : Amendlug sec. 2758, Code, 1807. relating to the time for the qualifica- tion of school directors. Extending term of office of certain rural school directors. v Chap. 137, Mar. 17, 1906. 91. Louisiana : Relating to the election of parish school board members. Providing for the election of members of the parish school boards ; the nura- ber from each parish ; their qualifications and term of office. Fixing salary at three dollars per day for each day In attendance nt board meetings and five cents per mile for each mile traveled to and from meeting. First election, 1908. , s Act No. 60, July 2, 1906. 92. Mains: Amending sec. 35, chap. 15, Revised Statutes, 1903, relating to powers and duties of school superintending committees. Provisions concerning duties as to examination of teachers and examination of schools stricken out. Sec. 5, Chap. 48, Mar. 11, 1905. 98. Mains : Amending secs. 36 and 38, chap. 15, Revised Statutes,* 1903, relating to duties of town superintendents of schools. Superintendent to appoint times and places for examination of teachers Provisions relating to character of annual reports. * Secs. 6 and 7, Chap. 48, Mar. 11, 1905. 91 Maine : Amending sec. 40, chap. 15, Reviwjl"dBtatute*, 1903, relating to the union of two or more towns for the employment of a superintendent of schools. jr ' - Sgo. 40. The sc hool committees of two op more towns havihir nnerintendent8 and aui^rvlslon of public suhools of Boston. Providing for a six-year term for superintendent of schools; for six assist- ant superintendents, to be elected for six years. Majority of whole number, of members of school ‘committee necessary to elect superintendent, assistant sui>er- lntendents, head masters of Latin, normal, and high schools, masters of gram- mar schools and directors of special studies. Chap. 231,' Apr. 2, 1906. 97. Massachusetts : Re(tealing Bee. 4. chap. 241, Acts, 1875, and enacting a sub- ntltute, relating to quorum and offlcers # of the school committee of city of Boston. V * Providing for secretary, auditor, and business agent. Clinp. 318. Apr. 2 '»"** « <" b ap. ,33. Art. 17. Feb. 25, 1905. 112. Oklahoma : Regulating the government .of cities having « population of twenty-five thousand aud over. a Providing among other city officers, for members and tressiirer nt board : election of members by wards. Salary of treasurer. $100 £ r year Chap. 9, Ah. 3, Mar. 8, 1905, na Obeoon : Amending sec. 3390, Annotated Codes and Statutes, 1901. relating to the filling of vacancies In district school boards. Sec. 2, Chap. 210, Feb. 22, 1906. 114. Pennsylvania : Providing for the control, administration, and support of the common schools Ip school districts of the first class, * ' *7 \ : ’£V*£« ■i • -v ADMINISTRATIVE CO^rAoL AND SUPERVISION Helntea particularly to organization of school system uf Philadelphia Cities 1905 ) " rHt Clfl88 consU * utllJ * 8cb001 rtlatrletH of first class. (No. 187, Acts, Act No. 186. Apr. 22, 1905. llo. 1 enns^lvania: Providing for tbe-annoal election of secretaries byjKJrough and township boards of school directors within twenty duys of organ- ization. Act No. 197. Apr. 22. 1905. 116. Pennsylvania : Amending sec. 5. chap. 010, Laws, 1854 (sec. 86. Common Schools, Brlghtlefr’s Pardon's Digest), relatfnfc to the election of school dlrectoaff. / J* 1 * f t Ion. of ol ty councils court of common picas may increrfse numl»er office^* directorH t0 threo from «»<* .ward,, Manner of election and terms of Act No. 230, May 4. 1005. 117. I’taii : Amending lHST., Revised Stntutes. 189K. relating to coinpensa- tlon of members of the board of education In cities. N° member of the board of education- shall take any font met. receive appointment, or perform labor for which' he shall receive payment from the. school funds or in any wav receive com- peiisation other than the salary herein provided. [Maximum, $100 per annum.;] Any- violation of the pcovisions of this act shall l>e deemed n misdemeanor. (’hup. 46, Mar. 7, 1005. 118. 1’rAn: Amending set*. 1016. Revised Stntutes. 1808. relating to eoiwtltutlop of hoards of examiners In cities of first and scf-oml class. ,0 he mmle h ' v b0,,r<1 ">“»•*'«>»•<,» April ' Se<*. 1. Chap. 05, Mar. 9, 1905. 119. ^ ermont : Amending sec. 615. Statutes, 1804, as amended by sec. 1 No , 10 ' Acts - 180(! - nnd No - ’7, Acts, 1000. relating to the appointment 'of a town superintendent of schools. ' 4. relating to powers and duties of district boards of school trustees. District board liable for violations of provisions governing payment -of salary to properly qualified and certificated teachers. Nepotism. Method of recovery. Chap. 248, Page 439, Mar. 15, 1006. 123. Viroinia: Amending and reeuacting sec. 1474, Code. 1004, relating to penalties on school officers and teachers for malfeasance pr neglect of duty. Chap. 248. Page 441, Mar, 15, 1006, 19752 — Bull. No. 3— 07-— -8 84 8TATK SCHOOL SYSTEMS : LEGISLATION, 1904-6. 124. ^iBiwniA : Amending In minor manner seca. I!j3l and 1538. Code. 1904, relating to qualifications, lowers, and duties of board of school trustees in cities und towns. Reenacting prohibition against federal, stale, or city official serving ns school trustee, but repealing clause* as to ineligibility for one year after expiration of his term of office. Exempting notary public, commissioner of chancery, com- missioner of bankruptcy, ami member of board of health from class of state and city officers prohibited from holding office of school trustee. Roim.ni ling clause relating to nei)otlsni. 4 Chap. 293, rage 514, Mar. 17, 1900. 125. Washington : Powers and duties of members of boards of school directors In cities of 10,000 and over. fl See So, / 4 7 . 12«. Wisconsin: Relating to the organization and control of public schools in cities of the first class. ^ Amendatory to Chap. IKfl, Laws, 1K97. , Defining eligibility, mode of nomination, election of members of board of school directors ; organization, powers, and duties of board; election, powers, and duties of superintendent of schools, and the secret a ry of the board; ostnb llshment, organization, support. and control of schools. Relates to Milwaukee. Chap. 273. Jane 1, 1903. 127. Wisconsin: Amending sec. 492. Statutes, 1808, as nmended^hy chap. 345, ^ Laws, 190,3, relating to election of officers In certain free’High, school districts. 4 Concerning form of election In freg.liigb school districts com mated of oih* town and an Incorporated village only. ^ ' Chap. 329. Jtme Ur 1905. 128. Wiscor^N : Amending chap. 3^0. Lawfe, 190.3, relating to the appointment. qualification, and duties of city superintendents In cities of the third class, and to the pyi*»r supervision of city schools in cities of the third M and fourth classes. -i»V *1 Extending provisions of act to all cities except those of the first class. - * Chap. 388, June 17. 1905. 129. Wisconsin : Amending sec*. 1, chap. 317, Laws, 1899, ns amended by sec. 1,* chap. 205, Laws, 1001, relating xo t lie Increase of the members comprising school district boa pis in certain cases. Providing that no two of the members of the said district board shall bo resi- dents of the same ward until each ward shall have at least one member on such board ; that where the school district and city are Identical in territory, each ward In the city shall have a member; that In case th& city bns fewer than seven wards, additional members shall be chosen from the district at large. Chap. 421, Jhne' 10, 1905. (e) School Meetings; Elections; Qualifications for Voters • * .<•>. The enactments classified under this section relate principally to minor and local administrative changes concerning the time and manner of publication of’ notices Of general and special school elections, the conduct of such elections, and the powers and authorities of district school -meet I ngs. The definition of the franchise qualification for school elections In cities of the first class by Oklahoma (145) has somewhat more than a passing interest. 180. CAUfOMWA) Amending see. 1883, Political Code, 1603, as to the mannerof marking ballots by voters at elections tor the Issuance of bonds In school district*. Ohap. 106, Mar. 18, 1905. ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL AND SUPERVISION* 35 131. California Amending see. 1508. Political Code. 1003. relating to (|uallficu^ tkm of voters at elections for school trustees, * » * * “ who b*i8 reside* in district for thirty days next preceding the election." amended to read " \vho is registered In the prtn l m*t where the election is held at least thirty days before the election," * r— * Chap. 301. Mar. 2b* 1905. 132. California: Auieudlug sec. I boo. Political Code, 1903. relating to the form f Of ontli mlministerwl 4n swearing in challenged vote at elections for school trustees. Chap. 302, Mar. 20, !!M>5. * '' ' s ‘ . % 133. Delaware: ‘Repenting chap. IWALaws, 1901, and reenacting w k c. 14, chap. tiT. Caws. lKhs. relating to the date .of minimi school mtvtings in Kent and Sussex counties. , Chap. 1)1. Apr." 13. 1905. i:t4. Illinois: Amending see. N. art. 0. p. 259. haws. 1 Sk:i, relating to election of school boards. . Hoards of education may establish voting precincts. . Page 373. May 12. 1905. 135. Iowa: Repealing section 27tia, Code. 1897. relating to uotlco of sjKvial * meetings hi school districts and enacting a substitute therefor. Specifying method to be followed by secretary in giving notice of sikhIu! meetings. (.’hap. 13S, Apr. 9, IIKHi. 137.. Iowa: Amending sec, 2755. Code. 1837. relating to legal publications > indices of ehs-tlon in certain school corporations to la* imblished, t "Once each week for two consecutive week A " instead of '* for two weeks." Set*. 3. Chap. 9. Apr. 10. 1000. 138. I o\va : Amending sec. 3,'ehnp. 1 14. Acts. l!M>4, relating to the manner of holding elections for the creation of indebtedness for schoolhousc pur- poses. i Publication notice of election to lve made "by publication once each week for four weeks” instead of "four weeks’ ubtice." See. 29, Chap. 9. Apr. 10. 1900. 139. Kansas: Hejiealiiig, and reenacting with amendments, see. 1. chap, 420, Laws, 1903, relating to tlie time of holding tfly annual meetings in school districts. ’ * Changing time from June to July. Chap. 380, Keb, 3. 1905. 140. Micuioan; Amending -sec, 4059, Compiled l^vys" 1897, relating to district school meetings. s ^ Changing annual school district meeting and also commencement of sclesd year from first Monday of September to second Monday of July. Act No. 3(1, rage f>4, Star. 29. 1905.' 141. Michigan: Amending secs. 4800 and 4801, Compiled Laws. 1897 (no. 185, Public Acts. 1897). relating to the publication of the proceedings of the annual school meeting.* S. Changing time. of publication from "previous to .the third -Monday in Sep- tember” to "previous to the first Monday In August." Act No. 305* June 17, 1006. 86 , 8JATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS : LSOIBLATIOH, 1904-6. 14i Nbsbaska: Amending sec. 8, snbdlv. 2, chap. T9, Compiled Statutes, 1903, relating to district school meetings. Extending requirement of fifteen dAys prior notification of meeting so as to .include special meetings. Meetings cannot act regarding change of school site °f for f> nl| djng. or purchase or lease of sehoolhouse, unlees facts are in- eluded id notice of meeting.' Chap. 130, Apr. 3, 1906. . 14a Noarq Dakota : Amendlng secs. 670 and 679, Revised Code, 1890, relating • to election of school officers and notices of annual election. Changing dates of annual election from third Tuesday In June to the first Tuesday In July [June]. Chap. 104, Mar. 7, 1905. 144. Oklahoma: Amending sec. 6149, Revised and Annotated Statutes, 1903, relating to the time and notice of annual and special school district meetings. Annual meeting to be held last Tuesday In May (formerly second Tuesday in June). .Notices of annual and special meetings to be posted In live instead of three pnbllc places In the district 1 Prior to annual meeting county clei* to furnish district clerk certificate of valuation of property of district Chap. 33, Art 8, Mar, 11, 1905. 1^*. Oklahoma: Prescribing the qualifications of electors at election of school officers In cities of the first class. (Sec, 0253, Revised and Annotated Statutes, 1903.) *i. ,AJI 4 .{! er80n8 *ii^ ale i and femDle ’ over the a 8® of twenty-one years, who possess law a ^ qnallflcatlon8 by the organic act and the general election Separate ballots and ballot boxes to be provided. Chap, 9, Art 2, Mar. 13, 1905. 146. VgaMONf : Permitting changes In time of bolding annual meeting of town school district In a town containing Incorporated school district upon vote of town meeting. Act No. 43, Dec. 9, 1904. '147. Washington; Amending secs. 77, 78, and 92, Code of Public Instruction (secs. 2347, 2348, and 2362, Annotated Codes and Statutes, 1897), relating to election, powers and dntles of members of boards of school., directors In cities of ten thousand population and over. Providing for ballots, polling places, and registration of voters. * Secs. 1 and 2, Chap. 142, Mar. 9, 1905. 14& WisoonbiA : Amending sec. 413, Statutes, 1808, relating to the alteration, union, and formation of school districts. ^iT5L. nD * n ^ ntlo ? aJ om,ftalon to notify not to exceed one-sixth of voters* of a district meeting does not Invalidate such notice. Chap, 268, May 25, 1905. 14a W*oinm> : Amending sec. 086, ReuMtif Statutes, 1899, relating to the qual- ifications of voter* at school elections. _ Requiring poweealoD of tax receipt as a qualification for voting at elections for special tax appropriations ahd bond issues. V Chap. 68, Feb. 20, 1906. * ad: •MnnsT^MTfvs OOHTDOL AHD 8UFEBV1BX09. 87 (f) Administrative Onits: Districts; Townships, Municipalities, etc.; Formation; Division; Consolidation. I (8es section H, enactments 519-531.) The legislative activity relating to the, consolidation of school districts was at . Itn height several years ago. Moat of the enactments In this direction during the past biennium are amendatory to previous measures, and seek to Improve the details of the methods already' prescribed so as to remove obstacles and pro- r. vide for adequate protection of the Interests of the districts consolidated. The Minnesota provision (163) for a county rural school consolidation commis- sion, the Oklahoma enactment (168) for consolidation and transportation, rep- resent the current progressive aspect of the movement The Texas (174) and Virginia (176) amendments relating to the formation of school districts, and the creation of local school districts for taxation In Georgia (155), are to be . noted. In the progress of education In the Southern states. ^ 150. California: Incorporating and confirming the organization of school dis- tricts acting &b such for a period of five ye^rs. Chap. 268, Mar. 18, 1905. 151. California: Amending Ikc. 1577, Political Code, 1908, relating to the for- mation of new, and the changing of boundaries of old school districts. Time for changed from December first and April fifth to October first and February tenth. Chap. 344, Mar. 20, 1905 (July 1, 1905). 152. Connecticut : Amending sec. 2221, General Statutes, 1902, relating to ap- portionment of property In cases of consolidation of school districts- lu a town whereby joint school districts are affected. Chap. .17, Apr. 19, 1905. 153. Connecticut: School committees of towns consolidating tbelr school districts. See No. 81. 154. Florida: Regulating the abolition, extension, or contraction of tbe limits of special school tax districts by a majority' rote of the electors. Chip.' 5899 (No. 18). May 1906. 155. Georgia : Creating local school districts In each codnty, -and prescribing organization and duties of board of trustees for local school districts. See No. 800. 156. Iowa : Repealing sec, 2793, Code, 1897, relating to the change of boundary lines of contiguous school corporations and enacting, a substitute therefor. Sec. 10. Chap. 136, Mar. 10, 1006. 157. Iowa: Amending sec. 2801, Code, 1807, relating to the division of school township Into subdlstrlcts. § x Division to take place at meeting in July Instead of September. * Sec. 12. Chap. 136, Mar\J0, 1906. 158. Iowa : Repealing sec. 2802, Code, 1897, relating to the changes in the bound- aries of school corporations and tfie division of assets and liabilities. Sec. 13, qj*p. 186, My. 10, 1906. * 159. Iowa: Adding to title l&'chap. 14, Code, 188 T* Providing for tbe organiza- tion of consolidated independent school districts. . Chap. 141, Apr. 5, ^906; 100. Kentucky : Providing tor tbe extension of tbe boundaries of graded com- mon school districts. * Chap. 88, Mar. 28, 1901 * 88 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS: LEGISLATION, 1904-6. *61. /Minnesota : Providing for the extension of the boundaries of vfcbool dis- tricts Including less than twelve sections of land and two or more In- corporated villages, - Actlon by county commissioners upon petition of two-thirds of legal voters. Chap. 4fl, Mar. 10. 1905. 162. Minnesota : Amending sec. 1, chap. 371. Laws. 1901. relating to the forma- tion. alteration, and consolidation of school districts Involving territory tying in tw °- 1 dl8trlct8 ln -cities and Chap. .258. Apr. 21, 1995. 106. North Carolina : Amending sec. 29. chnp. 4. ^iws, 4901, relating to for- umtiou of school districts. * Removing clause regarding geographical loentlou and sparse population. Sec- 7. Chap. 533, Mar. 6, 1905. 160. North Dakota: Amending sec. 780. Revised Code, 1809, relating to -an- nexation of adjacent territory to cities, towns, o(f villages for school purposes. ^ Establishing three-mile limit with proylfco, ' • 4 Chap. 99, Mar. 0, 1905. . 167. Ohio: Amending secs. 3888 and 3889. Revised Statutes, 1005. relating to classification und n Iteration of school districts.. Defining village school district; muBt have 1100.000 valuation ' Prescribing classification status of school district when the classification of village or city Is changed. H. B. No. 80, Page 217, Apr, 2. 1900, 108. Oklahoma : Providing for the consolidation of school districts, the estab- lishment of consolidated schools, the transportation of pupils, and the disposition of the property and Indebtedness of disorganized districts. - D ' 8trlct ? *° be consolidated by county superintendent upon vote of three- fourths of the voters residing In each of the districts. Transportation to aud from school for all pupils living at a distance of one and one-half miles or more. Chap. 38, Art 1, Mar. 10, 1805.. 3 ERIC ADMINT8TK ATJ V E OONTROL AND SUPERVISION. 89 100. Oregon : Amending see. 1, Uwa, 1903, p, 80. relating to the consolidation a| school districts. The petition to consolidate from a district of the fAfrd class need contain theMl?natures of five Instead of ten legal voters. Sec. 3 y Chap. 210, Feb. 22, 1905. 170. Pennsylvania : Relating to the consolidation of cities Into one munici- pality and providing for the organization, government, etc., of -such consolidated municipality. Consolidation not to affect application of common school laws nor the col- lection of taxes and assessments made for school purposes by the various school and sub school districts. . Act No. 1, Feb. 7, 1906.. 171. Pennsylvania: Classifying school districts Into four classes corresponding to classification df cities. First class cities— 1.000.000 population; second class— 100.000-1,000,000; third class — less than 100,000; all districts outside of cities are to be fourth class. Act Na 187. Apr. 22, 1905. 172. South Dakota : Providing *for the reorganization of Independent school districts, containing within their Imundurles incorporated dty, town, or village acting* under general law for government pf cities, said Independent school districts shall l>e governed by the genera Suffer the government Of schools In dttea And towns and adjacent terrhSry f organ- ized as Independent school districts. Chap. 101, Mar. 8, 1905. 173. South Dakota : Amending sec. 2323. Revised Political Code, 1903, relating to the organization of school dtstrlcts. 4 County commissioners may organize one or more congressional townships' Into one school district. ' ' Chap. 102, Mar. 8, 1905. 174. ✓Texas: Amending art. 3938, chap. 10, tit 86, Revised Civil Statutes, 1895, as amended by Laws, 1800. p. 321, relating to formation of school districts. Extending the time limit for subdividing counties into convenient school dis- tricts from June 1, 1899. to June 1, 1905. Provldlug method of procedure when patrons call for a change In the bound- ary line of solwol districts ; specifying causes for which line may be changed, and clothing the I'ommissloners’ court with powers to correct defective district lines. Chap. 88, Apr. 13, 1905. 175. Utah : Creating county school districts of the first class oh the same nd~ mlnlstrntlve basis as school districts In cities of the second class. Providing that district must have population of more tha^ 3,000 children between ages of six and eighteen; election, qualifications, constitution, duties, compensation nnd officers of board of education ; organization and support of schools. Office of county superintendent tp be vacant In certain cases. Chop. 107,^ Mar. 9, 1906. 176. Virginia* Amending nnd reenacting sec. 1470, Code, 1904, relating to the Ml vision' of school districts and subdlstrtcts. * » Providing for' the division In certain cases of districts Into subdistricts for white and colored children ; for the government and administration of such sub- districts ; for school tax ; for the appointment of school directors, their tenns of office, powers, and duties. Providing also for the adoption of the act by the counties 'of the state, and .mode of relief from such adoption. , £hfip. 240, Mar. 1ft, 1906 4 . 0 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS: LEGISLATION, 1904-6, B. STjJlTB FINANCE AND SUPPORT. (For ltgtilatleo relating to finance, support, landa, etc., of higher and special State Institutions, see Section O, enactments 663-688. } (a) General. Th® comparatively large number of enactments relating to'flnance and support exhibits clearly the great and Increasing Importance of the financial aspect of work of public education. .. More and more the states possessing school lands are guarding this endowment of public education by protective legislation, prevent- ing, as far as possible, *the dissipaUpn of these lends *hru the various forms of unwise disposal, 177. Nkw Yo*k: Authorising the acceptance by the state of gifts, bequests, and assignment of bonds, warrants, cboses In action, or other obligations of any other state ; and enforcing collection. Such special funda to be appropriated only for support of common schools or for the promotion of some educational Interests In the state. ' Chap. 3 s 4- May 10, 1906. 17a VaontiA : Amending and reenacting sec. 1423, Code. 1904, relating to gifts, grants^ bequests, trusts, etc., for educational purposes. Providing that trustees shall render annual account of the Investment and dls- o““ltt t rte. fUDd8: aUd Pr0Vld ' nK f0r enforee ment of exlttanbys^ ' Chap. 23, Feb. 17, 1900. ' 17». Viboinia : Repealing sec. 1604, Code. 1904, relating to multlpllcntlon of schools beyond capacity to support. (A duplicate section already Included In sec. 1433, Code 1904.) Chap. ^48, Page 432, Mar. 15. 1900. (b) Stkte School Lands. 180. A*kansab: Authorizing county Judges to lease wild and uncleared six- teenth section school lands for a term of years for the purpose of putting the same In cultivation. Applies to Mississippi county only. Act No, 166. Apr. 13, 1905. 181. Arkansas : Relating tt> title of persons claiming to own sixteenth section school lands. Act No. 183. Apr. 19, 1906. 18^. Iowa: Amending section 2841, Code. 1897, relating to the frequency o7*pub- H cation of notices of sale of school lands. “ Once each week for four weeks ” ina^fldjrf^for four weeks.*’ ** ■* 7W 5, Chap. 9, Apr. ;0»ft906. AnHmdln * ¥>• chap/74, Acts, 1899, as amended by sec. - 2 ’ chap. 60, Acts, 1001, relating to leasing afid managing of public lands. wlto^aSJtaS^ ri * ht " °* leaBe m Mle of * cho ° 1 to eoroldlers, /their Chap 90. Mar. 16. 1906. .- . * . ... •. / STATE mAXpK AND SUPPORT. 41 184. North Dakota : Amending sec. 185, Revised Code, 1880, relating to tbe publication of notices of sale of school and state lands. — • Chap. 161, Mar. 6, 1906. 18B. North Dakota: Concurrent resolutions referring to legislature of 1907 amendment to sec. 168. Constitution, 1889. relating to sale of university and school lands. Page 350 (S. B. 153). Mar. G, 1905. 186. Pennsylvania : Providing for a flxt annual charge of three cents per acre* * upon lands located within any school district and acquired by state for forest reservations, for benefit of schools of district. Two cents charge for roads. / Act No. 81, Apr. 5, 1906. 187. South Dakota: Amenfrfng sec. *385, art. 1. chap. G, Revised Political Code, 1903, relating to patents for school and public lands. uud*tor nt t0 delivered by commission^ of school and public lands to county Chap. 145. Feb. 4, 1905. 188. South Dakota: Amending sec. 309. art. 1, chap. G. Revlaed.Polltlcal Code, 1903. relating to forfeiture of lease of school and public lands for non- payment of rental. Giving commissioner of school and public lands option to bring suit or declare Judgment ' ** ome6tea< * an( ? Absolute exemptions only exempt from levy * Chap. 460. Feb. 4. 1905. 189. Texas: Limiting time In which to bring suit for school, university, or asylum land. Chap. 29, Mar. 10, 1906. 190. Tex As : Amei^lng secs. 1, 3, and 4. chap. 97, Laws, 1903, relating to the sale of public free school, university, and asylum lands to railroad com- panies. Providing that 640 acres of the public free school, university, or asylum lands be sold to railroads for the purpose of maintaining water stations where reser- voirs are necessary; 320 acres to be sold for each town site. Town-site land to be put on the racket and sold within ten years. Chap. 46, Mar. 29, 1906. 191. Texas : Proving for the sale and lease of the free public school and asylum lands. v Chap. 103, Apr. 15, 1906. 102. West Vboinia : Amend!** secs. 6 and 19. chap. 106, Code, 1890, ns ninended by chap. 24, Acts, 1803, /-elating to sale of lands for school fund. In sale of .forfeited, waste, unappropriated, and Providing for proceedlni escheated lands. Chap. 42, Feb. 23, 1906. (c) Permanent 8utV School Funds: Composition and Investment. Tbe one noticeable characteristic of the legislation relating to the permanent state school funds Is the number of enactments relating to tbe extension of the Investment of tbe funds so as to include county, municipal , or school district bonds. Nevada (201) and North Dakota (206) each proposed amendments to their constitutions to accomplish these modes of Investment The utilisation of 42 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS : LEGISLATION, 1904-6. V 105. the war-da im payment by Vermont (200) am a foundation for a common*cbo01 fund la among the noteworthy pleeesof legislation lu New Ragland. 103s Gautobnia : 'Authorizing the trauarer as investment of $500,000 of the state school land fund to general fund, for the purchases of site or sites- yj • and tbe erectIon * equipment, completion, and furnishing of building or buildings for Btnte purposes In San Francisco. Iuterest four per cent Chap. 17, June 12, 1006 (July 1, 1906) ; (sp. seas.). Florida: Making annual^ appropriation of $18,047.01 for payment of In- terest on state bonds held by educational funds of state as permanent investments. Chap. 5477 (No. 100), Juue 5. 1905. Idaho: Submitting amendment to saerll, Art 9, Constitution, 1889. relat: lng to mode of Investment of public school fund. bon^^stete^lTtL 80 a8 *° tnClUr school district/ v^atUML maxlmum llmlt of loan from ****** to fifteen per ceut of assessed Chap. 8, Feb. 10, 1006. , 201. Nevada: Proposing amendment to sec. 8, Art XI, Constitution, 1864, relat- ing to land funds for support of education and tbe Investment thereof. ^State school funds may be Invested in bonds of aor city or county of any Sen, Cone. Res. No. 18. Page 277, Mar. 13, 1905. ' 202. New JnsiY: Authorising the refunding of money paid into state school fond from sales of unclaimed freight when owner or his legal representa- tive establishes proof that heir entitled thereto. * . * • ; Chap. 217, May 8, 49061 BTATK FINAKOK AND SUPPORT. 43 208. New Jork : Amending state finance law, sec. 80, art 4. chap. 413, Laws, 1807, as u mended by chap. 225. Laws, 1904, relntlng to the education fund. Providing for the Inviolate preservation of the education fund by making additions to the capital thereof to cover any deficit; providing for distribution of Income from fund. ' . 0 - fliiip- r>87, May 19, 1005. , 204. New York ; Amending state finance law, kco. 87. chap. 413. Laws, 1897, as ( ameuded by chap. 300, Laws, 1898. relating to Investment of V. 8. deposit fund by county loan commissioners. Increasing limit of loans In city and* county of New York from live to fen thousand dollars. Maximum not to exceed sixty per rent of property mortgaged. * Clmp. 575, May 23, 1900. 205. Noeth Dakota: Concurrent resolution referring to legislature of 1907, amendment to sec. 182. Constitution. 1889. relating to the Investment of school funds. Extending Investment to county, township, municipal, and drainage bonds, and IhukIk of such other states ns have never repudiated indebtedness. Page 351. Feb. 25, 1905. Chap. 101, Feb. 25, 1905.- 200. North Dakota: Concurrent resolution submitting to vote amendment to sec. 102, Constitution, 1880. proposed by eighth legislative assembly (page 294, Laws, 1903) veiatlhg to the Investment of school funds. Extendlug investment to county, townablp, and municipal bonds. Vote Nov. 190(1, Page 349. Mar». 2, 1905. * 207. South Carolina : Relating to disposal of money In state treasury known ' as "Direct Tax Fund," Providing that all money In "Direct Tax Fund" Nov. 1, 1905, be placed to the credit of the state school fund. * Act No. 544. Jan. 8, 1905. 20a South Dakota: Amending see. 402, art. 1. chap. «, Revised Political Code, 4 1903, as amended by chap. 211. Laws, 1903, relating, to Investment of per- - manent school funds. Extending investment to township bonds, and Increasing total amount loan^J • on farm lands to any one person from one to five thousand dollars and decreas- ing maximum from one-half to one- third of value of land. Chap. 161, Feb. 24, 1905. 209. * Vi >nt: Creating permanent common school fund. Providing for utilisation of fund of $240,000, received front national govern- ment In payment of war claims, as foundation for common school fund, In ac- cordance with plan to be formulated by special commission reporting to legisla- ture October, 1906. Act No. 42, Dec. 9, 1904. 210t. Yiboinia: Amending sec. 1482, Code, 1904, relating to recovery of tnobey ‘ due literary fund. . Recovery to be by State Board of Education. Chap. 248. Page 482, Mar. 15, 1906. * 7 , ' .“7 " 7 . 7,7 7 44 *■ STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS : LEGISLATION, 1904-6. : V ;t (d) State Taxation for School Purposes. Id general the educational Intereeta of the states were affected but little by legislation relating to state taxation for common school purposes. Exceptions to this are Ohio (215). Kentucky (211). and Louisiana (213). The inheritance tax lajv in the latter stute promises to yield no Inconsiderable revenue for the benefit of the schools of that stale. * 211. Kentucky: Relating to revenue and taxation. Of the annual tax of fifty cents upon euoh one hundred dollurs of value of all property directed to be assessed for taxutlon, twenty-six cents shall be for the ^ n ?' balf of one t4ent for the ^cultural and mechanical col- mL T levied in any common school district against anv railroad or t0 t0 , coUnt - v superintendents of schools. Provides for distribution of taxes collected between white and colored school districts. Sec. 1 of Art. T, and secs. 5 and d of Art. V, Chap. 22, Mar. 15, 1906. 212. Louisiana : Amending sec. 1, Act No. 170,. Laws. 1898, and sec. 1, Act No. 03, Laws, 1904 (as^wmeudlng sundry previous acts and sec, 90, Act No. 170, Laws, 1898) relating to revenue and taxation. .V°TfS in,f Htate tax f rotn six to five mills, and apportioning out of the taxes collected one and thlrteen-tweutleths mills for public educatlou. * * - - Act No. 28, June 28, 1900. 213. Louisiana: Providing for Inheritance tux for the supiiort of public schools. (Art. 235. and 230, Constitution.) Section 1. * * *■ That there is now and shall hereafter be levied, solely for the support of the public schools, on all inheritances, legacies, and other donations, mortis causa, to or in favor of the direct descendants or ascendants of the decedent, a tax of two per centum, unci on all inheritances or dispositions to or in favor of the collateral relatives of the depeased, or strangers, a tax of five per centum on the amount or the actual cash value thereof atttie time of the death of the decedent. Sec. 2 Be it further enacted, etc., that said tax shall not he imposed in the following cases * a. On any inheritance, legacy, or other donation, mortis causa, to £!Vn,J* vor of any flSoen(lant or descendant of the decedent below $10,000 in amount or value. b. On any legacy or other donation, mortis causa, to or in favor of any educational, religious, or charitable institution. c. When the property inherited, bequeathed, or donated shall have borne its just proportion of taxes prior to the time ef such donation bequest, or inheritance. * * • , , Act No. 109, July 7, 1900. 214. Masyland: Amending, gee, 1, chap. 343, Acts, 1904, as amending sec. 22, art 81, Putnic General Laws, 1904, relating to state tax. «nni?n5 .2 taX » 0f ! lxt Sf n wnt * on one hundred dollars In 1907 and annually thereafter, for the support of public schools. . . • Chap. 404, Apr. 3, 1900. 216. Ohio: Repealing sec. 3961. Revised Statutes, 1906, relating to the state common school fund and the Ohio State University fund and reenacting same with amendments. fixing annual state tax for common aohool fund at one mill, and one-tenth mill for sinking fund. Abolishing state tax for Ohio State University fund. n , * S. B. No. 243, page 280, Apr. 2, 1900. 21& Oumoit: Amending sec. 1, page 49, Laws, 1903, relating to Inheritance tax. Exempting from tax bequests In trust tor educational Institutions. . Chap. ITS, Feb. fll, 1906. a ■ Vh> - 'j ** r ’ 2S3 fcr&s STATE FINANCE AND SUPPORT. 45 (e) General Apportionment of State School Fund.— Special State Aid for Elementary Education. Of the means for the extension and development of public education none poeaesses more wide-spremi Influence than that of tbe.generul financial support b> the state as a unit To this end systems of general state taxation have l>een naugurnted and permanent state school funds have been established. By the Income derived from these two sources the states have aimed to reduce the 6 TT ° f rH,b " e - 80hools ^ taxation alone, to stimulate the gr « of local endeavor for the provision of adequate educational op|>ortunl- tles, and to equalize the frequently varying advantages for education among the different i-ommunltles in, the name atnte. The most Important problem In this connection Is that of an equitable and Just form of distribution or apportionment of the state educational revenues ' order ttattbe ends above mentioned may Ih> accomplished In the best maimer possible. 4^1^^ that the support provided trough the state may become iT ^!VV i, Ve f ° rW 1,1 ,! ' e ,,n ' vlslon of “^equate school facilities Tor all the children In the state. Distrlbutloqs to the various school communities of the state on the basis of tuxes paid, proin-rty valuation, number of children of school age. total school enrollment for n certain definite period, average dally aven,Be dnll - v 'ff'endjtoce. or aggregate days of attendance, mar be Indicated among the methods that have Ison devised and utilized, slnglv or In Z r* « « * V " rl0US tln,eS by l " ffercnt K " ,teR - In general. It may ho said L , ,e nre l ° n ° ? V. i**"*"" ° f tl,e K0h001 Potation -or .-ensus has been, and Ib, the prevailing mettiod./it the present time. > * The very evident aim ol mis latter method ,of distribution Is to diminish the *"*"! |U< ' H ‘ HUWR,rt n,,<1 *° e, ' ullllzo «'•* educational opiKirtiinitles within be state, upon the presumption that the school population Is the. Iks, t Index of he local educational needs. However. In ,-ertuln states, during recent vears t e weakness of this eoncluslon has been recognized, and attempts haye' been made to formulate some single or combination method of distribution which would no merely preserve an equality In the amount of assistance given by the state to he different school communities, hut which would In reality give help \hfere help was most needed.' The methods of distribution on the basis of school enrollment or attendance belong to this class of efforts. More receutly It has r n ‘ e t0 >* reoogulzed that the number of teacher* employe.! gives a far better" basis for distribution than either the school census or school attendance, and that a combination basis of the number of teachers and the amount of. school- atteud- arne represents perhaps the most equitable method for the utilization of the frtnte school fund. «™« , [!Zl, Cn I! f0rnta e “ aetment8 be regarded In this dime- tlon as decided advances In American school administration, and ns of sufficient mportunce to Justify tbelr complete reprodnctlou In this place The revision of the method of apportionment of state school funds In New Jersey (2ft) may l* Ikewlse Included among the algnlflcuut pieces of legislation of (he iwriod ""a m0r * f“ Ch ye "i> the ,egl9latlon of different states Indicates specific endeavors to extend flnanelnl assistance to the least wealthy school communities, and also contains direct appropriations for the extension „nd S Improvement of various grades of elemeutary sehoola Florida (220) Near York (281), Tennessee (284). Utah (286). Vermont (236). and Wisconsin t^0) Zd«^ a, P Z' ° f Wh#t 18 belnft o^PUBbed to raise educational . te 5 rd8 . b . y ’? y d reCted to* 1 * 11 * 1 assistance. Especially noteworthy Is the enact ment In Indiana (221) to s establish a reserve fund to be distributed to those communities which have made the maximum local effort permitted by ii * . _. x ‘. . V?,... ■ [ .. •** N ‘ . ■ 1 . y .. i; Vi.’l 46 STATE SCHOOL SY8TEM8 : LEGISLATION, 1904-6. law to aupport public hcIiooI*. and yet are unable to meet the minimum educa- tional demands and standards established by the ptate. \ 2t7. Arizona; Providing for tbe apportionment of school funds In certnln eases. Permitting county su|>eriuteiHlent to ~muke one regular api>ortiouinent to school district tbe scbooltiouse of which has been destroyed or rendered useless by Are, flood, etc. Cliup, tltt, Mar. Id, 1005. 218. * California: Amending sec tion 1868, Political Code, 1003, relating to the apportionment of school funds. County superintendent must apportion money. 1858. The school superintendent of every county and city and oouhtv must apportion all State and county school moneys for the primary and grammar grades of his county or citv and county as follows: ' * ~ v Method of determining the number of teachers. 1st. He must ascertain the number of teachers each school district is entitled to hv calculating one teacher for every ( di strict having seventy or a less number of census children and one additional teacher for each additional seventy census children, or fraction of seventy not less than twenty census children, as "shown by the next preceding school census; and in cities or districts wherein separate classes are established for the instruction of the deaf, as provided in section six- teen hundred and eighteen of this code, an additional teacher for each nine deaf children, or fraction of such number not less than five, actually attending such classes; provided, that rfll children in any asylum, and uot attending the public schools of whom the authorities of said asylum are the guardians, shall not be included in making the estimate of the number of teachers to which the district in which the asvlum is located is entitled. Must report the number of teachers to the superintendent of public instruction. * t * 2nd. lie must ascertain the total number of teachers for the county or city and county bv adding together the number of teachers so, allowed to the several districts. And he must at the time of making his annual report of the school .census of his county or city and county, as provided in section 1551 Qf the Political Code, report to the super- intendent of public instruction, under oath, the number of teachers ascertained and so allowed to his county or’ city and county by the rule or provisions of subdivision first hereof applied to, said school census. Method of apportionment. 3rd. Five hundred fifty dollars shall be apportioned to every school district for every teacher so allowed to it; provided, that to districts having over seventy or a multiple of seventy school census children a a fraction of less than twenty Ansus children^ there shall be apportioned twenty-five dollars for each census child in said fraction. 4th. All school moneys remaining on hand after apportioning to the school districts the moneys provided for in subdivision three of this section, must be apportioned to the several districts in proportion to the average daily attendance in each district during the preceding school year; provided, that for any newly organized school district gfc..., K ] ■i*. i STATE FINANCE AND 80PPOHT. 47 where school was not maintained during the year in which the school census was takefi, the average daily attendance shall be such percent- age of the average daily attendance of the old district or" districts from which its territory was taken as the census of the new district is of the old and new districts combined. The county superintendent shall deduct from the average daily attendance of the old district or districts the average daily attendance of the new district as above determined, Cefftlis children, wherever mentioned in this chapter •*' shall he construed to mean those between the ages of f\ve and seven- i teen years. Certain funds may be borrowed for the benefit of school districts. 5th. Whenever in anv school year, prior to the receipt by the coun- ties, cities, or cities and counties of tnis state, of their state* county, | or city, or high school fund, the school districts or cities or cities and counties shall not have sufficient money to their credit to pay the law- ful demands against them, the county, city, or city and county super- intendent shall give the treasurer of said county, city, "or city and county, an estimate of the amount of school money that will next be paid into the county, city, or city and counlv treasury, stating the amount to be apportioned to each district. Upon the receipt of suchs^ estimate it shall be the duty of the treasurer of said county, city, or city and county, to transfer from any fund not immediately needed to pay the claims against it, to the proper school fund, an amount not to .exceed ninety per cent of the amount estimated by the superintendent, I and he shall immediately notify the superintendent of the amount so transferred. The funds so transferred to the school fund shall be re -tra inferred by the treasurer to the fund from which they were xaken, from the first money paid into the school fund after the transfer. Sec. 2. This act shall take effect and be in Jforce immediately afler its passage. Chap. 64. Mar. 0, 1906. 218a. California: Kindergarten attendance not to be computed ascertain- ing the proportion of tb£ achobl fund to which n county Is entitled. Los Angeles County r. Klrfc, 83 Puc., 250 (Dec. 27, 1005). 219. California: Amending sec. 1532, Political Code, 1903, relating to the duties of 4 he Superintendent of Public Instruction. 1 Concerning the apportionment of the state school fund : • • • * * * In apportioning said fund he shall apportion to every county and to every city ana county t\vo hundred fifty dollars ($250) for every teacher determined and assigned to it on school census by ; ' the county or city and county school superintendent for the next preceding school year, as required by the county or city and county school superintendent, by the provisions of section 1858 of this code, tmd after thus apportioning two hundred* fifty dollars on teacher or census basis, he shall apportion the balance of the state school fund to the several counties or cities and counties according to their aver- age daily attendance, as shown by the reports of the county or city i and county school superintendents for the next preceding school year. (Bubdlvl 4< ) - f Chap, 186, Mar. 1& 1906 (Sept 1. 1906). 48 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS: LEGISLATION, 1904— S, r ATJON 220. Fiomda: Providing for state aid to all public schools In Btate with aver- age dally attendance of eighty per cent, so as to extend term of session . two months. Schools already receiving state ukl under provisions of chap. 5206 exempted. Annual appropriation of $50,000 for biennium 1905-1907. Chap. 5381. (No. 10), May 1. 1005. 221. • Indiana: Providing for the levy of. an annual tax for a state common . school tuition fund and its apportionment and distribution. ©ec. 1. Be it enacted by the general assembly of the State of Indi- ana^ That there shall be in the year 1905, and annually thereafter, assessed ana collected, as state and countv revenues are collected, 8 n d S1X mi ! ls ( 11 -cents and 6 nulls') on each one hundred ($100.00) dollars worth of taxable property, real and pefsonal, in- the state; which money, when collected, shall be paid into- the state treasury fora common school tuition -fund, and shall be apportioned to'the several counties in the manner herein provided. bsc. 2. The state superintendent of public instruction shall, on the days hxed by law for his apportionment of the school revenue, in , each year, add to the sum total of said revenue, in readiness in e'ucli county for apportionment, any amount in the state trerfsurv ready for apportionment, together with 9-1.8 per cent of the sifm collected bv virtui^f the levy provided for in section one of this act; and7nftoV siud addition, the superintendent shall apportion the whole of said ■ «um.to ttte * several counties of the state" according to the last einimer- » -utioh of children therein, with due reference to the diminution pro- vided Tor by law. 1 Sec. 8. A sum equal to 5.2 per cent of the amount collected under 1 •^ P r ,vl V t ‘ d for , ln set:tion one of act, shall be a fund to be UistnbVfed as hereinafter provided. Sec. 4. Whenever any trustee of a township or bonrd of trustees of any school town shall ascertain that there is not n sufficient amount tuition revenue in his or their hands to enable him or them to main- * tain the public schools therein for the minimum term now or here, after provided by law in such current school vear. he or they, as t case may be. shall certify in writing under oath, such fact to the county superintendent of his or their county, stating therein the rate of the levy for local tuition purposes on aach one hundred dollars, and the taxes on each taxable poll made for the supplementary tuition t&x by Buch. township or school town in the year immediately previous to the school year in which such deficiency- occurs of will occur; also, stating the - full amount received for tuition from each source, the names and number of teachers employed, the rate W diem paid them, the number of days each has taught and when 'he b^gan teaching, and an estimate of the- amount that will be necessary over and above the tuition revenue then on hand ta complete such tegal nuiumum term of all the- public schools in such school corpora- tion. Said certificate shall be executed in duplicate. Said .county 3 “P«™tendent shall immediately examine such certificate, and if he dull find the facts stated therein to be true, and shall furtherlihd ' that such Bchool corporation has levied the highest amount authorised ' by law for such school municipality as supplementary tuition tax for the year in which such deficiency will occur, 'he shall forward one STATE FINANCE AND SUPPORT. ■ 49 of such certificates to the state superintendent of public instruction, together with the result of his examination, and with the name and post-otnee address of such township trustee or the ti'easuror of such school corporation. \ Se< . »>. Upon re£*tui)t of sudr statement from the county Shi>orin- ( undent, the said .shpdpnteiitlent of public instruction shffll issue an oidei on the auditor t>jf state in favor of such school corporation* if there Itf funds in tno^state treasury available for that purpose, for the amount necess^/to bring the school term of said township or school oorporationuup to the minimum legal term, specifying the name of the trustee nf'such township, or the treasurer of said town, ami his post-office address. And the auditor of state shalTat once draw a warrant on the treasurer of state, payable out of the fund provided for in section 3 of this act in favor of said township or town, payable to t ho trustee of sut^h township or treasurer of such town, and mail the sanu* to him; provided no such township trustee or 1 1 (‘usurer of a school, town shall he efttitled .to draw or receive the funds pro\ ided in t his act imless said tow nship trustee or school board of ti u>t. Said township trustee or school lmard of trustees shall use the amount so received .from the state for tin* payment X)0) dollars is hereby set apatt and appropriated from any moneys in the state treasury, not otherwise appropriated, for the fund provided for in section 3 of this act, for use in the school year beginning in Sentem- !>er, 1005. ‘ R * V Sf.c. ft. All laws and parts of laws in conflict^ herewith are hereby repealed. Sec. 10. An emergency existing for this act, it shall be in force from and after its passage. Chap. 32, Fob. !M. 1005. 222. Kentccky : Api>ortlonmoi>t of state tax Mweeu white tint! colored school districts. * ^ * Srr .Vo. 2ii. 223. Maine: Amending . sec. 07. rhap. 15. Revised Statutes. relating. td* • tlu* cducAthm of children In unorXatdml towntdilivs. v Annual state aid Ifu-reused from five to seven thousand dolturs. * , * Chap. 45. K 1905. 224. ' Maine: Amending see. 10. chap. 15. Revised 8tntutea. 1903. reUtlng to the / withholding of school moneys In certain case*. „ 'Extending provisions so that money may be withheld from towns neglecting In any way to comply .with the laws prescribing the duties of ‘towns In rela- tlon to public school*” t /V Soc'3. ChiulMS, HflQlH, 1008. 19762^— Bull. No. 3—^07 1 V 50 • STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS: LEGISLATION , 1904-6. V - 225. Maine: Amending see. 45. chap. 15, Revised Statutes. 1003. relating to use of money appropriated by state for superintendence and extending appli- cation thereof. Sec. 8. Chap. 48, Mar. IX, 1005. 223. Minnesota: Prescribing manner of making payments of state aid to high schools, graded schools, semi-graded schools, and rural schools. Chap. 142, Apr. 11. 1005. 227. Minitoqta : Amending sec. 23. chap. 352. Laws. 1899 : sec. 25. chap. *352, Laws, 1899, as amended by chap. 189, Laws, 1901. and chap. 380. Laws. 1903; and sec. 28, chap. 352, Laws. 1899. as amended by chap. 180. Laws. 1901, and chap. 184, Laws. 1903. relating to / state aid to rural schools. Permitting teacher In state-aided rural school to hold se^nd-grade state ^ certificate.. Schools taught by teachers holding second-grade certificates to receive $50 annual state aid. Chap. 296.&pr. 19. 1905. 228. Mississippi: Amending and supplementing sec. 4051, Annotated Code. 1852. relating to the distribution of the common school fund. .Providing for the division of the common school fund between the separate school districts of a count}' and that part of n county not included lu separate school districts. Chap.. 118. Jan. 2. 1908. 220. • New Jebset : Supplementing Chap. 1. Acts, 1903 (sp. seas.jUDct. 15f, estab- lishing a system of free public schools, * Providing for the apportionment among the several counties of the state, for school purposes, of the proceeds of the state tax on^rnllroad and canal property. Apportionment on basts of assessed valuation of county. s Chap. 148. Apr. 20. 1906^ 230. • New Jebbey : Amending sec. 182. chap. 1, Acts, 1903 (sp. seas.. Oct. 15), relating to the apportionment of state school fund by county superin- tendents. Providing that district boards of education shall report to county superin* indent data concerning pupils attending schools of .other district* for whom tuition fees have been paid, and also grades in which teachers hndf been employed. Providing also, for special annual apportionment, $400 for each assistant super- , Intendent* and each permanent teacher In approved four-year high school ; $300 for each permanent teacher In approved three-year high school ; $200 for ench permanent teacher In ungraded Kindergarten, primary, or grammar school, or approved high school of less than three-year course: $25 foi'earh pupil attend- ing high school of another district, for whom tuition fee Is paid by district : $5 for ench pupil attending an ungraded kindergarten, primary, or grammar school . . of another district, for whom tuition fee Is paid by district. Chap. 24L May 17, 1900. 281. New Yobk: Amending subdlv. 1, sec. 0, tit. 2. chap. 550. Consolidated School Law, 1894. as amended by chap. 310, Laws, 1902. relating to apportion- ment of free school fund. - Increasing amount of state aid to districts In accordance with a new gradua- tion ttale. Assessed valuation to be determined by Commissioner of Education. Chap. G9£, June 2, 1900. 231a. Ohio: Special state aid for teachers' salaries. ' \ See No. 282. Obeoon : Requiring clerks^Of school districts to report to the county super- intendent when the annual census of the district shall show nn Increase of 100 per cent or more over the number of children registered by the -Mat- census, between the age* *f four and twenty years, and requiring ^ ^JpATE FINANCE AND SUPPORT. 61 * subsequent apportionments of school funds to be based on the number of such children shown by sucb an dual census. Chap. 121. Feb. 18, 190$. 233. • Soxjpt'Cabouna : Relating to census of public night schools. F ro\ Idtng that all children attending public night schools, taught by qualified teachers, ami having approved course of Instruction for twentv nights In anv scholastic year, shall be deemed enrolled and their names used bv the county Itoarn of eosltlon of the surplus remaining In the state treasury at the end of each year by ap- propriating said surplus to use for scholastic purposes. ■ l ' ro r r 2S?f ^ at L lie nmximu111 amount of surplus set aside each year shall not exceed $300,090; $50,000 to t>e extended annually to make term of all public schools six months: npiwrtlonment ayiong counties conditioned on tax lew of two and one-half mills. Chap. 213. Apr. 8. 1905. —v.>. • Ltaii: Providing for Hiieohil state aid for common school districts. When the revenue from the state school moneys, and maximum (uunty and ■district school tax is insufficient to employ n teacher for at least* twentv-eight weeks (loss ^thnn $300). Appropriating for total aid $0.600. Chap. 121. Mht. 17. 19a5. Vekm °nt : Amending sec. 1. No. 30. ActH. 1902. relating to distrilmtlon of . state school tax fund. Increasing amount removed for distribution to certain towns. In ^der to (NiuallEe taxation, from fifteen to forty-five thousand dollars. * Art. No. 41. Dec. 1. 1904. 237. Washington : Amending siv. 175. Code of Public Instruction (sec. 2461, Annotated (odes and Statutes. 1897). relating to apjiortionment of school fund* Itequjrlng. after June 30, 1900. the levying of a three-ndll local tax as a eon- dltinn for school districts receiving.oipiKirtloiunent of school monevs. u ..hf^| V> «i l’*! [ or , t l l !f le t ry of * H i XH * lal UiX for Payment of old indebtedness of school districts falling in past to receive state apportionment. . \ Sec. 5. Chap. .Vi. Mar. 3. 2:w. Wisconsin: Amending sec. 9, chap. 430. Laws. 1901. as amended* by dhap. 28.T Laws. 1003. gating to state aid to graded schools. Kxceptlng town free high schools. Chap. 289. June 1. 1905. £10 . Wisconsin : Amending wc. 10. chap. 430. Lawn, 1001, relating to state aid for graded schools. lHr8 UreaHlD * HnnUHl ft * ) r >r °P rlHtr ° n from sixty thousand to eighty thousand doJ- Chup. 332, June 10, 1005. (f) Special State Aid for Secondary Education. Adequate provision for elementary schools Is rightly accounted of first importance in the educational economy of the state and city or school district. At the same time secondary or high schools are to-day deeded as essential parts of the American common school syBtem. The encouragement and assistance «*■* •safari* ii AVi5- t&i V i r lira; ‘ • ’ ■* .. ^ yf? i ' A nonresident pupil shall, in the discretion of the high school board of the high school district where' he attends, l>e required to pay a tuition fee to such school equal to the difference botwwu the cost per pupil for maintenance of suMi high school and the amount per pupil received during that school year by such hijcrh school from the state (she, 9). * ^ Chap. 66, Mar. 6. 1000 (July I, 1005). 241. CALiroamA; Amending Bee. 6, chap. 05, Laws, 1005, relating to apportion- ment of state high school fund. tempting from the requirements sh to average dally attendance and length of acbool session schools closed or afTected by conflagration or other public calamity. Chnp: 43 . Juno 14 . 1006 (up. ww. ) 242. Flomda: Providing for a uniform system of public -schools, defluiug the twelve grades, and classifying the Instruction therein. State aid for high schools; $60,000 anuually for the biennium 100W>7. Ch «P* W82 (No. 11), May 20, 1006 ( Jub* 1. 1005). 242. Idaho: Creating and establishing a fund for the Academy of Idaho. r? Btlng of rental lncoul 0 on certain lands granted hv *** otber " tat * charitable. cducntlotml. penal, ami reformatory testltuUons; " and four- fifteenths of Interest on deferred payments on saty lands, be credited lo this fund. 1 J w B. B. No. 12a Page 400, Mar. 0, 1006. 244. Idaho: Authorising the issuance of $45,000 four per cent ten-twenty year bonds for the Academy of Idabq, and providing for shfklng fund for the Interest and redemption of the same by a four-mil) state tax. H, n. No, 163, Page 100, Mar. 10, 1006. LOCAL ttKAKOB AWL 9UPP0RT, 58 245. Massachusetts: Amending sec. 3, chap. 42, Revised Laws, 1002. ns amended by chjsp. 483, Act* 1902, relating to state aid to high schools. Providing for an Increase of annual aid from three hundred to five hundred dollars to towns of less than five hundred^ ml lies maintaining approved high school with at least two teachers. ('hap. 200, Mar. 26. 1008. (Jam 1, 1907.) 24tU Minnesota : Amending sec. 10* chap. 352, Laws. 1899, as amended by chap. IP. Laws. 1901, relating to state aid. * Increasing number of state-aided high schools In any county from seven to nluo. Chap. 320, Apr. 1ft. 1905. 247. Minnesota: Prescribing manner of making payments of state aid to high schools, graded schools, *emlgrftded schools, and rural schools. tier S'o. 226. 248. New Hampshire 4 : Amending see. 3. chap. 90. Laws,‘?1901, as amended by, clmp. 118. Uwh, IfttW. relating to state appropriation for bh;u school tultlou. 1 ucmislng annual appropriations from five to eight tlipuwmd dollars. Chap. 8ft. Mar. 10. 19^ N 24ft. • North Dakota : Amending secs. 870 and 871. Rerlaed Code, 1899, aa amended by clmp. H. Laws. 1003. relating to statp aid to high schools. Withdrawing aid to two-year high schools and doubling nmoupt to three-year high schools t from throe to six hundred dollars) and to four*i?esr*Mgh schools (from .four to eight hundred dollars).' Increasing maximum annual appropriation from ten to twenty-five thousand dollars, which sum must Include amount of aid and expenses of high school board. Chap. 24. Mar. 15, 1903. 250. \ rauONT : Relating to special st^te aid to high schools and academies. - See Vo. $58. 251- •Virginia : Providing for the establishment aud* maintenance of a system*, of public high schools; state aid. * - Ix>onl support of $250 as a minimum nml $400 as n maximum' to any one Hcluml to la* duplicated hy state, provided that district maintains primary aiul grammar schools at least five month*. Ins|HH*tlou of schools by State Board of Kducnttou. Appropriating $50,000. • ' Chap. 211, Mar. 14. 1908. C. LOCAL (COUNTY, DISTRICT, MUNICIPAL) FINANCE AND SUPPORT. * (a) Qenarsl. Tt*e enactments relating generally to local school finance are mostly con- cerned with the minor details .in the lunungement of educational funds. There Is n teudency to require more careful auditing of accounts and greater publicity of local fluauelul affairs of the public schools. Idaho (253), Iowa (254*255), Nebraska (259), New Jersey (2(10), North Carolina (201), Virginia (265), and Wisconsin (268) past characteristic measures In this direction. tTbo law past In Tennessee (264) ought to Insure greater cure In expenditures, 54 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS: LEGISLATION, 1904-6, In protecting the district school funds from the waste occasioned ty the pur- chase of unnecessary and expensive school apparatus, ana In restricting the activity of overaealous or unscrupulous dealers and agents, 252. California : Amending sea 1543, Political Code, 1003, relating to the gen- eral duties of the county superintendent Providing for manner of drawing requisitions by county superintendent uinm county auditor for necessary expenses against school fund of auy district : also form and approval of the same. Chap. 402. Mar. 20, 1**05. 253. Idaho: Amending sec. 85, Laws, 1899 (sec. 1065, Political Code, 1901 ), relat- ing to duties of ItoardB of trustees of district schools. Providing that boards of school trustees shall make and publish an ammul financial statement. S. B. No. 20. Pnge 310. Mar. 10. 254. Iowa: Amending sec. 2762, Code, 1807, relating to the furnishing of the board of directors by the secretary of a copy of the register of warrants. At 14 each regular annual meeting" Instead of "the March and September meetings. 44 See. 4, Chap. 18ti. Mar. 10. 1906. -2&5. Iowa: Amending sec. 2*00, Code, 180*, relating to the financial statements of treasurers of lioarils of school di recto rs. Statements to be made In July Instead of September. Sec. 7* Chap. 136. Mar. 10. 1906. 256. Maine: Amending s oc. 13. chap. 15. Revised Statutes, 1903, relating to Wm f raising and exi>eiHlIturc of. funds for schools by towns, _ Provisions of section not to Interfere with provisions for establishment and maintenance of union schools by adjoining towns. • See. 1, Chap. 48, Mar. 11. 1905. 257. Maine: Amending sec. 15, clmp. 15. Itevlsed Statutes, 1903, relating to the expenditure of school moneys by towns. Unexpended balances of auy year to l>e brought forward for the year ^diow^ lug. Cities exempted. ; Sec. 2. Chap. 48. Mar. 11. 1905. 25a Maine: Amending sec. 19. chap. 15, Revised Statutes, 1003, relating to the use of school funds by towns. Sec. 4, Clmp. 48. Mar. 11, 1905. 250. Nebraska : Regaling, and reeuncthig with amendments, sec. 5487. Com- plied Rtntutes. 1903, relating' to annual tax levy hi school districts. Providing for the preparation of estimate of expenditures by bonrd of trus- tees prior to time of meeting. Limiting maximum tax levy to two and one-half Chap. 131. Mar. 29. 1905. 260. New Jersey ; Amending sec. 189, chap. 1, Acts, 1903 (sp. seas. Oct 15), relatlug to penalty Imposed upon custodian of school moneys for falling , to make report J .5T ,d L n * custodian shall rei>ort to board of education of district in ^addition to county superintendent. Chap. 182, May 2, 1906. 261, North Carolina Amending sec. 26, chap. 435, Laws, 1908, relating to publishing of treasurer's report t *K?^ dlng tba £ cou “ t 3 r of education publish annually the report of r*® treasurer of the school fund on first Monday of July (previously Dec. 3lst). Sec. 21, Chap. 538, Mar. 0, 1905. IrOOAL FINANCE AND SUPPORT. 55 232. North Dakota : Amending see. 757, Revised Code, 1800, relating to unty Institute funds. See* ti, Chap. 100, Mar. 13, 3905, 233. North Dakota : providing for the section of depositories for city and school district funds.’ » Chdp. 105, Mar. 10, 1905. Ii04. Tennessee: Relating to the paying out of school funds uixm wurrants « Issued hy district school directors. i> Making It 'unlawful for the (xmnty trustee to pay out school funds, upon warrants Issued by district school dim-tors, for maps, charts, libraries, and other school furniture or apparatus, unless such warrants are approved by the county judge or chairman of the county court mid -the county court clerk of tlie county. Chap. e made to the electors at the next annual meeting. " - , Chap. 78, April 13, 1905. 2(»7, Wisconsin: Amending sec. 471, Statutes, 1898, relating to assessments In joint school districts. ' More dearly defining the duties of assessors la joint school districts as to t hue. place, and manner of meeting. etc. ('Imp. 307, June 5, 1905. ' Bk — (b) Local (County, District, Municipal) Bonds and Indebtedness, The volume of legislation relating to the creation and payment of bonded and other forms of Indebtedness, Incurred for educational pnritusea by local units. Is Indicative of the fundamental Importance of this element of. support and of the Increasing pressure develo|>ed l»y reason of the constantly growing demands u|m>h the public schools. Borne of the measures have undoubtedly |>een made necessary on account of administrative expediency; others, especially In Idaho (272, 273), Michigan (281), Minnesota (282), Nebraska (285), Oklnhotua (291), Virginia (294), aud West Virginia (29d), placing certain limitations upon the |H>wer to Issue bonds and to create Indebtedness, represent the endeavors to provide lioth necessary extensions and desirable restrictions to tills power. 208. California: Providing for the registration of bonds Issued by common school, high school, or union high school districts. Interest and principal of registered bonds to be paid only to registered owner or authorised agent. Chap. 120, Mar. 18, 1905. 209. California : Proposing amendment to sec. 18, -art 11, Constitution, relating to the- power of counties, cities, cities and counties, towns, tovfashlps, boards of eibcatlon* and school districts to Incur Indebtedness. A 66 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS : LEGISLATION, 1904-fl. San P J^! relatl “® t0 . cl J^ " nd county of San Francisco, the city of Ban Jose, and the town of Santa Clara. Res - No. 8 . Page 91, June 12. 1900 (sp. aess.). *m. Connecticut : Concerning payment of debts by Joint school districts. Con- solidated school districts returning to the district system from the system ' of t0WD management shall be the same as formerly and liable for debts. Chap. 137, June 15, 1905. ^ 271. Florida : Authorizing county boards of public Instruction to borrow money for payment of school warrants wheu theks are no funds; uiaxlmuni Interest rate, eight per cent. per annum. Chap. 5590 (No. 19). June 1, 1905. 272. Idaho:’ Submitting amendment to sec. 3, art. 8, Constitution, 1889, relating to limitation of public Indebtedness. No county, city, town, village, or other subdivision of the state shall incur any indebtedness or liability in any manner, or for any purpose exooedmg in that year the revenue and income provided for it for the quahfied l elMtors he * aS ^* nt * 0f “ ^ oriU J f for ™ r| y two-thirds] of Vote Nov., 1900. H - J - R - No. 5. Page 435. Feb. 21, 1905, Mar. 10, 1905. 273. Idaho: Providing f3P, the Issuance of orders for warrants by school dis- trict trustees, In payment of teachers’ salaries and other necessary ex- penses. 0 {°J d i er8 not t0 exceed income and revenue for the year, nor treasury 76 W **** °* income and revenue until same has been paid into county * Unpaid warrants to draw s£ven per cent Interest. H. B. No. 106, Page 93, Feb. 24, 1905. 274. Illinois : Amending secs. 1 and 4. p. 294, Laws, 1901, relating to the Issu- ance of school bonds by certain school districts. Page 371, Mar. 30, 1905. 275. Illinois ; Amending sec. 3, art 4, Acts, 1889. relating to loans of school moneys by townebfp treasurers. loan8 ’ flxlnB new rates . of lntere8t and ^ rlod « tor Page 378, May 12, 1905. 270. Iowa : Amending sec. 2768, Code, 1897, adding clause relating to school building bond fund account of treasurer. ^ . Chap. 139, Mar. 23, 1906. 277 v 1qwa : Repealing sec. 2812-b, Code supplement, 1902, relating to school dis- trict bonds, and enacting a substitute therefor. ne^f^e^^mpUor 8 " 06 ° f “ f ° r Varloiw 8cho ° 1 a " d ">«»’ Chap. 140, Apr. 9, 1906. 27a Kansas : Repealing, and reenacting with amendments, sec. '0142, General Statutes, 1901, relating to the payment of bonds of disorganized school districts. tofhhdlng bonds by new district when the bonded debt of disorganised district can be compromised. « Chap. 383, Feb. 22, 1906. Kansas: Authorising counties, cities, townships, and school districts t**. retire school bonds before maturity. Upon written petition of majority of resident taxpayers. 8 . Chaps 72, liar, 7, 190K i, ivva i LOCAL FINANCE' AND StTPPOBT. 67 280. Louisiana: Proposing an amendment to Constitution, 1888, authorizing and requiring the city of New Orleans to Issue two hundred thousand dol- lars" of bonds for the purpose of paying salaries of school teachers add portresses for years 1886, 1880. and 1887. Vote November, *1000. ' Act No. 2, June 11, 1900. 28i: •Michigan: Amending sec. *1717. Compiled Lwb. 1897 (sec. 1. chap. 0, no. 104, Public Acts, 1881), relating to the issuance of bonds by school districts. Removing graded limitations of bonded Indebtedness and establishing a uni- form maximum limit of five per cent of assessed valuation ; excepting districts having school census insulation of more tliun ohe hundred, bond limit is seventy- five dollars per capita of such census. Fifteen-year limit Instead of ten. Act No. 270, June l(i, 1906. 282. Minnesota: Amending sec. 3088. General Statutes, 1894. relating to the issuance of bonds by school districts. Majority instead of two-thirds vote of electors required. y Chap. 272. Apr. 18, 1905. 283. Montajer, 1905, Page 652. Apr. 25. 1904. 290. Ohio: Amending geos. 3070-2 and liOTlM, Revised Statutes, WOS, reint- % lug to sinking fund (-rented b.v school districts for payment of bonded Indebtedness. edme(uion°^ comiu * SB * onor8 Kinking fund to make annual re|K>rt to I tourd of Regulating investment of slaking fund, by bo " r<1 of < ' ,ln< '" tl0 " to l «‘ offered first to sinking fund II, It. No, 237, Page 45. Mar. 14. 1900, 291. Oklahoma: Enabling counties, municipal coritorutlons. boards of educa- tion in any city, and school districts to. refund i n del >ted ness, — Providing for the determination of amount of indebtedness; placing a limit vn,imti(,n upon tota. amount of bonded indebted- ntss, providing for the manner of issuance, registration, and payment, (’imp, 7. Art. 3. Mar. 11. 1905. 292. Oklahoma: Providing for of tlio property mid lmleiitetAteKs of disorganized Ku *L H,K1 * H f<>1 , vvhlr * 1 lM,anls of education, when directed by majority qualified elector*, may Issuy Iannis so ns to' Include outstanding Indebtedness, Chap. 1|>3. Mar. 2. 1905! 2tW. Viboinu: Fixing maximum amount of bonded indebkdneas for erecting and furnishing school houses at 17 per cent of assessed valuation. Src So. 848, 295. Washington : Amending sec. 120. Code of Public Instruction (sec. 2390, Annotated Codes and Statutes. 1897). relating to the sale of school lands! Authorizing the readycrtMug of sale of bonds wlfhln eighteen months (formerly six) when bids are rejected. Bidders, except state of Washington, to deposit one )>or cent of hid ns a guarantee, , Sec, 7. Clmp. 142. Mur.. 9, 1905. 296. West \iroinia: Limiting amount of indebtedness of comities, cities, school districts, and municipal corimrations. Maximum of IndchtiMness flxt at two and one-Inhf per cent of assessed vnlu- tocont ract X debt " tllM ° ° f ,my,m>nt * years; three-fifths vote necessary ■ Chap. 5i. Feb. 15. 1905 (Jnn. 1. 1906). 297. Wyomino : Authorizing the exemption I nun taxation l>onds issued b£ state of Wyoming or county school district nr munlelpnlity within the state. ('hap* 17, Feb. 10. 1905. (c) Local (County, District, Municipal) Taxation for School Purposes. There Is In the enactments assembled under this head a Noticeable tendency to give to local school Jurisdictions a wider authority In the provision of ad* 9nate support for public education. This tendency Is, In fact, but a part 'of tne larger aud more Inclusive one which Is slowly yet surely becoming charac- teristic of the attitude of the American people toward their schools ; that Is, to Sl£s$5i&es$ L LOCAL FINANCE AND BtfPPOBT. 59 utilize. In ns large manner as is consistent with wise public economy, all of the available menus which may properly be directed toward the lneregse of "the material resources available for meeting the educational necessities. The adoption of the proposed amendment to the Arkausas constitution (208). the tax legislation of Georgia *300). New Jersey (310)/and Virginia (321), may be selected from the list for mention. The Nebraska enactment (308) clearly expresses n determination that local neglect or parsimony shall not relieve any community of its responsibility toward the public schools. 29K.*Arkanba 8 : l'liiiMwing ainem'lment to sec. 3. art. 14. Constitution. 1874. Adopted. Sept., 1900. Increasing state school tax fr^m (iru to three mills and raising maximum school district tax which legislature may authorize from jive to wren mills. Sen. Jt. Ues. No. 1. Page 833. Mar. 2. 190. 7 299. California: Amending secs. 1817. 1818. and 1820, Politlca^Tode, 1903, relating to comity and city and county school ta.\. - Increases annual amount miidred to In* raised for each teacher, illusive of state iipiKirtfomneut. from five hundred to five hundred fifty dollars; increase* minimum nnmmi amount to lie raised for each census child from six to seven dollars. Clip. 408, Mar, 21. 1905. 300. Georgia: Providing for the operation of local tax district schools, for the ievylng / aml collection of )oards of trustees for local school districts. ** . Act No. 159, Page 425. Aug. 23. 1905. * 301. Indiana: Amending sec. 12, elmp. 1, Laws, 1805. us mnemled by Laws', . ( 1873. relative to levying of special township school tax. x . Chapter 102. Mur. 7. 1905. 302. Iowa: Amending sec. 2800. Code supplement, 1902. relating to the estimate of taxes by the boards of school corporations. Estimate to be made In July instead of March. See. 14, Chap. 130. Mar. 10. 1900, ,303. Kansas: Keixmling see. 0127, General Statutes. 1901. relating to the lM>wers of electors at district school meetings aiul reenacting a substitute. School districts having {lopulatlou of .more than five hundred tuny vote tax not to exceed two- and one- lmlf j>er cent (others two per cent). ' ' Chap. 381. Mar. 3. 1900. 304. Kansas: Ite|>enling clmp. 149. Laws, 1880, and amending set*. 18.- art. 11. chap. 122. Laws. 1870. relating to tax levy for support of schools In cities of the second class. Increasing maximum limit of tnx to twenty mills on the*doIlar. Ohnp. 390. Mar. f 1005. 305. Mich it] an : Amending nee. 4705, Compiled Laws. 1897 (sec. 14. chap. 4. no. 184. Public Acts, 1881). relating to the assessment and apportion- ment of the mill tnx for school purposes upon the property of' tdtfnshtp. No tax to be levied In districts having a balance on hand equal to or In excess of the amount paid fof^teachers* wages In district dbrlng preceding year. Act No. 1ft, Alar. 15, 1906. ■. r fc — .. ■ 1 ■ i ■ i ^ ■ 60 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS; LEGISLATION* l&0i-8. SOO. -Michigan ^Amending sec. 4675, Compiled Laws, 1807. and changing time for dutrict school boards or bourds »f education to make reports to township clerk of taxes voted. Act No. 36, Page 54, Mar. 29, 1905. 307. Minnesota : Empowering school districts of 20,000-50,000 Inhabitants to levy maximum tax of nine mills for school purposes. Chap. 25, Mar. 2. 1905. 307a. Nebraska : Limiting muxlmuni tax levy to two and one-half cents. See *Vo» 2 >.9. 308. Nebraska: Providing for the levying of district school tax by county sti|H*r- lntendent, whenever annual school meeting falls to make levy or votes to have no school. L,u«|r. ito, iUUr. vMJ, iyuo. 300. New Hampshire: Amending sec. 1. chnp. 88, Public Statutes, 1001 ns amended by chap. 91*. Hiwa, 1001. relating to town tax for school ,mr- posea. , f . roni 8,1 huDdred to Keven fl«v dollars for every dollar Outlie public taxes apportioned to the town, Cbup. 48, iMar, 8, 1905, 310. New Jebset : Amending secs. 24. 2.",. tmd 26. chap. 208. Acts. 1903. relating to aaneasment and collection of taxes. for county, toxatlowof fifty cents per hundred dollars of assessed ™,“ n : « m " x n ! ,,ni » mlt of one dollar and seventy cent" tor « r." ^H 8Ch0<> < " Ktrk ' t ' HDd 1* 'submitted 8. B. No. £2, Pago 9, Feb. 22, 1906. LOCAL FINANCE AND SUPPORT, 61 315. Ohio: Amending sec. 3959, Revised Statute*, H)05, relating to maximum tax levy for school purposes. Minimum annual tax for school purposes In city school districts lixt at six mills, exclusive of special levies provided for by vote of -people. Additional levy of not more than five mills may i>e authorized by a majority vote of electors for. a j>eriod of not more than five years. H. B. No. 295, Page 127, Mar. 28. 190(I % :sia Ohio: Amending sec. 3900 and adding see. 3058a, Revised Statutes, 1905, relating to certification of tax levies to county auditor, and tax levies In special school districts. , II. B. No. 287, Page 248, Apr. 2, 1900. .'fli. Oklahoma: Amending sec. 0202, Revised and Annotated Statutes, 1903, - relating to annual tax levies for school purposes lu cities of the first class (25.0(h) imputation). • Increasing maximum limit from fifteen to twenty iuIUh. " * Chap. 33. Art. 8. MuK 15, 1905. 5lx. Pennsylvania: Amending sec. 35. .rhuffcJIlO, Laws, 1854, relating to assess- ment of sdiooi taxes. Providing for additional comitensMtlou of assessor for levying tax In certain cases. A - • Act No. 90. April 8, 1905. 319. South C a holin a : Amending k*k\ 1208, Civil ('ode, 1902, relating to levy of si»eclul RChool district tax. ^ Providing that tux levied after October 1 of any year shall not take effect until suc<‘cedlng fiscal year. Act No. 71, Feb. 24, 1900. 320. Ctah : Amending set*. 1815, Revised Statutes, 1898, as amended by chap. 37, Laws, 1901, relating to ixivvers and duties of hoards of trustees. Increasing maximum tax levy from one-half to three-fourths of one per cent and extending purposes of expenditures so ns to include text-books. ^ * Chap. 83, Mar. 9, 1905. 321. Virginia : Amending sec. 15$), Code, 1904, relating to levy of taxes for schools In cities and towns. Increasing maximum levy, from three to five mills. Chap. 80, Mil r. 7, 1900, 322. Washington: Providing for the levying of a three-mill local tux as a con- dition for school districts receiving n portion of school money. t 8cc .Vo. 23 7. # 323. West Wbginia : Amending tiud reenacting secs. 38 nud 40, chap. 45, Code, 1809, as amended by chap. 19, Acts, 1004 (special), relating to levy for building and teachers* fund. •* ' * Chap, 07, Feb. 15, 1005. 324. Wisconsin: Amending suImIIv. 1, sec. 770, Statute, U*08, as amended *by sec. 2, chap. 439, LawsMOOJf, relating to rate of uixatlon In counties, towns, and school dlstrfRs. / Increasing additional levy for school purposes lu townships from one to two l»er cent. , . Chap. 13, Mar. \j, 1905. 325. Wyoming : Amending and reenacting par, 6, sec, 531, Revised Statutes, . 1899. as' amended by chap. 63, Laws, 1903, relating to powers of district school meetings to vote money. ^ BemorlA five-mill limitation lmpoeedon certain districts. * Chap. 01, Feb. 21,1006, 62 STATE 8CHOOL ST8XEM8 : LEGISLATION, 1904-6. D. BUILDINGS AND £ITES. . (a) General. In reality a considerable portion of the lobulation included in this class *my be regarded ns belonging to that related to the Issuance of bonds and the m*n t|on of Indebtedness. In a large nmjgtity of cases bonds are issued, or extraor- dinary Indebtedness Is created, on account of' the purchase of sites and the erection of buildings. > It has been thought advantageous, however, to bring togetherJbere aii of those enactments relating, directly oud Indirectly, to this - important aspect of the educational problem. Louisiana (334) and \ Jrghiiu (348), each through tliclr sikvIiiI school build Ing legislation, exhibit n forward stop In their educational progress. Soutl» Dakota (345) bits aimed to stimulate the movement for the (onsolldatlon of school districts.' 'I’he authorization hy Wisconsin (353) for Insurance may Ite noted among the significant pieces legislation- relating to school buildings' 320. Arkansas: Authorizing the special school district of Little Hock to borrow money to erect, complete, umLequlp a high school building; and to give a mortgage on sohoo] property. * , Act No. 55, Feb. 24. 1905. 327. Arkansas : Permitting sjieelal school districts to lwrrow money for build* lug purposes, and to 'mortgage the reul projterty bf the district for the payment of the same. v '*■*•*%**. Exemption of Jefferson County. n ■* ' Act No. 24S, May 0. 1905. 328. Califobnia: Amending sec. 1H17, Political (’ode, 1003, relating to general. powers of bonrds of school trustees and hoards of education. 9 - GI T.l? g t? 1)011 rd ? Power to prosecute and compromise without vote of district any litigation, claims, demonds. and causes of action arising from the destruV- tlon, partial or ^ total of any school building In the course of construction during * the month of April, 1000. . ' ' Chap. 32. June 14, 11)00. (sp. s o^t) 329. qAuroBNiA: Amending sec. 1670, Political Cotie, 1003, relating to high schools. r Permitting high school boards to coll electing. to decide question of issumK-e or bonds to repelr, restore, or rebuild buildings Injured or destroyed hv confla- gratlon or other public calamity. * * Chap, 48,* June 14,4906, (sp. sens.) 830, Indiana; Empowering boards of scho^j commissioners of cities over 100,- 000 popnlotion to sell and transfer real estate and property, 'and validat- ing previous sales and transfers. v * Ncbap. 50, Mar. 1, 1905. 881. Indiana; Bids for erection and repair of scbooKbutldlngs. flee No. 8f 882. Kansas : Repealing sec. 6319, General Statutes* 1901, relating to the Issu- ance of bonds by cities of second class to purchase sites and buildings for schools add reenacting a substitute with amendments. t Chap. 398, Mar. 8, 1005. >>>-» BtflLDING8 AND 8ITE8. 68 n amount f34. ♦ Louisiana : Delating to the issuing of honds for pub lie pur|>oses. Authorizing parishes municipal (-oriKM-utions, and parish Imards of school ’directors, OrlemiH exempted. to k*suc. secured by special taxes voted therefor, tmnda for the purpose of erecting public sohoolbouses and other public buildings nnd Improvements, nnd providing for the nmniier of issuance. Act. No. 84. 1900. Not approved. Law by limitations. 335. Maryland: Authorizing City of IlTiltiinnrc niton- approval of electors, to issue bonds not to exceed one million dollars In amount 0^* public school sites and buildings. Chap. 552. Apr. 33G. MASBAcnusijTTRi' C renting a special board with |Kiwer‘tn sell certain school land* (Gmbnlldings in tlie.city of Ronton. Pror«*ods of sale to go for pur- chase of sites nnd erection of new buildings for school^iuritoscs. Chap. 259. Apr. 7. 1900. 337. Michigan: Amending sec. 4728, Compiled Laws. 1897 (sec. 1. chap. S. no. M>4 t Public Acts. 1881). relating to selection and (‘banging of sites for Kchoolhousos by the qualified voters of any school district. Act No. 75, May 1, 1905. 338. New York: Authorizing villages and titles to Insure the renl and personal proi>orty of state normal schools located therein when state refuses to insure or Inadequately insures said projierty. Chap. 252. Apr. 21, 1905. 339. New York : Amending huImIIv. 12. sec. 14. tit. 7 ; suhdiv. 7. sec. 47, tit. 7. and suhdlv. 6, see. 15, tit 8. ( onsolldnted Sch6ol Law, 1894, relating to powers of district school -meetings and to school buildings nnd sites. Permitting the Insurance of school ‘buildings and fu ulturo in extra-state insurance company. »- Cllap. 1,50, Apn J90G. 340. North ("aroli.na: Amending sec. 81. chap. 4. Laws, 1901. relating to con- demnation of land for school sites. Limiting size of site obtained by cdhdemnntlon proceedings to two acres. See. 8. Chap. 533, £Iar. U. 1905. 341. North Dakota: Amending secs.’251(V"-'i22, Revised Codes, 1895, relating to disposal of uucl(t lined lots in towji sites iu l T . S. public land. , r Surplus proceeds of sulea msw In; used for construction, repair, ami furnishing of school buildings. 1 ^ . . . Chap. 183, Mar 0, 1905. 342. Pkuahoma : Providing for the relocation of district school bouse hi districts containing town or village. District board shlHI locate schoolhonse lu or adjoining the town or villuge, upou vote of two-thirds of vpters of district, at a meeting culled upon petition of one-third of voters. ^ Chap. 33, Art. 13, Mar. J3, *005. 343. Oregon: Authorizing the distget boundary boards of the several counties of the staffe to condemn lands for public school purposes, Ifhd requiring the school district for which the land Is laken to pay the condemnation expenses in the Bame manner as ottier expenses. . Chap. 01, Fehf 10, 1905. \ ■ >• . BUILDINGS AND SITES. 353. Wisconsin : Authorizing school districts and boards of education to organize mutual fire and tornado Insurance companies for the Insurance' of public school buildings and their contents. Chap. 373, June 14, 1905. (b) Buildings and Sites: State Aid; Approval of Plans. More and uiotfe the States are concerning themselves with the matter or prop* * - eriy erected ami planned school buildings. As the extent of this State super- vision increases there will, without question, be a decrease in the waste of funds through the erection of Ill-adapted buildings, and an increase In the number of those in which have been incorporated the features demanded by a pru|K?r regard for the health of children and the requirements for efficient Section 1. That in order that due care may be exercised in the heating, lighting, .and ventilating of public .school buildings here- after erected, no schoolhouse shall be erected by any board of edu- cation or school district in this State, *he cost of which shall exceed four thousand dollars ($4,000), until the plans and specifications for the same shall show in detail the proper heating, lighting, and ventilation of such* building. ' Sec. 2. Light shall be admitted from the left or from the left and rear of class rooms, and the total light area mtist, unless strengthened ' by the use of reflecting lenses, equal at least twenty-five per centum / of floor space. . a , - • ' Sec. 8. Schoclhouses shall have in ea3i class room at least fifteen sauare feet of floor space, and not less than two hundred cubic feet of air space per pupil, and sffall provide for an approved system of indirect heating ana ventilation, by means of which each class room shall be supplied with fresh air at the rate of'not less than thirty cubic feet per minute for each pupil, and warmed to maintain an average temperature of seventy degrees Fahrenheit during the cold- est weather. r • * • ♦ * • • I AW, ja.pi,. M, JffW, 355. •South Cabolina : Encouraging the erection of adequate public ecbool huildlngH. * • Section 1. That the county boards of education of the various counties of thij State be, and tVfe same are hereby, authorised to annually, set aside, from the surplus remaining from the net ineome derived by.th eS tate from the dispensary profits, an amount equal* to five per cent.~ol the entire public School fufldp of their respective countie8, whicn said amounts shall be.usedby tUp said county boards no. — 5 v V ■ i ' " ' •.'I * . I 66 STATE SCHOOL 8YBTEMS : LEGISLATION, 1904-6. of education -for the purpose of encouraging and aiding in the con- struction of adequate public school buildings in their respective, counties. * Sec. 2. That when the friends, patrons, or trustees of any public school in any school district in any county in this State shall raise by private subscription, special tax, regular tax, sale of old building, issuing bonds, or otherwise, funds for building a schoolhouse in such district, the county board of education of such county shall turn over to the trustees of such school, from funds sbt aside for such mrpose under this act, fifty dojlars ($50) for each one hundred dollars ($100) so raised by such friends, patrons, or trustees for constructing such school building: Provided , No one school shall receive more 'than three hundred dollars under the provisions of this act: Provided , further , That no more than one school in any one district, in any one year, shall receive such aid. Sec. 3. That county boards of education shall give the preference to schobl districts which have combined and consolidated two or morfe school buildings. . \ Sec. 4. That any school district availing itself of the provisions of this act shall comply with plans and specifications approved by the State board of education. Sec. 5, That no school shall receive aid’ under the provisions of this act without the approval of the county board of education. * * ♦ * * * * * Act No. 452. Feb. 22, 1005. 356. •Viboinia: Amending sec. 1489, Code, 1904, relating to construction and condemnation of schoolliouses. » ^ No schoolhouse shall be contracted for or erected "until the site, location, plans, and specifications therefor shall have been submitted to and approved in writing bv the division superintendent of schools, whose action in each case shall be reported by him to the State Board of Education. Chap. 248, Page 442, k Mnr. 15, 1906. 367. * Viboinia : Authorizing State Board of Education to lend, and district school boards to borrow, money from literary fund for the erection of school houses. Plans, specifications, and location of building to be approved by state »ui»erin- tendeqt Maximum loan $3,000, or not more than 50 per 'cent of cost of hntldtng. No ald.for building costing less than $260. i Chap. 252. Mar, 15. 1906. 368. Wisconsin : Providing 4or additional room and additional teaching force In certain schools. Section 1. Whenever any school district having a schoolhouse of one room only shall enroll in any one school term sixty-five pupils or more in such school it shall be the duties of the electors of said dis- trict at the next annual meeting to authorize the district board to make provision for an additional rpoin and an additional teacher for the accommodation and instruction of said children. Sec. 2* Failure to comply with the act shall cause the district to forfeit .the right to share ip the apportionment in that part of the ^public money which said district- would otherwise receive from the .^seven-tenths mill tax* as provided byjaw. _ . ; BUILDINGS AND SITES. 87 (c) Buildings Aid Sites: Decor stion; Cere; Sanitation; Inspection. The following enactments are supplementary In their evident purpose to those noted In the previous section. Knob of them bears characteristic' evidence if progress In n needed direction. Those of Utah (363) and Vermont (3G4) are deemed of sulflclent importance to justify the quotation of tlielr principal feature*. 359. New York : Giving suj>erlnteudent of Buffalo jrnwer to employ all school janitors. See .Vo. 101 . 660. North Carolina: Amending sec. 6, chap. 435. Laws, 1003. relating to duties of township school committeemen. Making ap(H)lntinent of janitor compulsory in district schools. Sec. 18. Chap. 533. Mur. <1, 1905. . 3«1. South Dakota: Prescribing as a duty of school district officers the plant- dug. cultivation, ami protection of trees and shrubs upon school grounds. Chup. 104. Jan. 31, 1905. 362. Tennessee: 'Amending charter of city of Chattanooga. Giving to the board of education the care, control, and maintenance of public school buildings and grounds. . Chap. 388. April 14. 1905. 303. Utah : Requiring outhouses on school grounds to be maintained In u sanl* tnry condition. SEtftioN 1. * * * It shall 1 xi the duty of the board of trustees of each school- district in the state to provide all outhouses upon the school grounds, and which are not connected with a sewer system or ( cesspool, with the dry-earth system of privy vaults and to provide at all times a supply of dry earth in such outnouses sufficient to comply with the requirements of such system and must cause such vaults to be emptied at least once every month und oftener during the school year if in the opinion of the district health officer it is necessary and shall maintain all such outhouses in a sanitary condition. Chap.-UU.' Mur. !», 1905. 364. Vermont: Providing fpr the condemnation of nnsunltury school build ingH or outhouses. ** Section 1. The State board' of health shall have noweMo examine of to cause to be examined any school building or outhouse, *md to con- demn the same as unfit for occupation or use; and any building or outhouse so condemned by written notice served upon the chairman of the board of school directors or other person having such school in charge shall not be occupied or used thereafter for school purposes until they are repaired and their sanitary conditions approved by said board. Sec. 2. Any person who violates the provisions of this act shall be fined not more than fifty dollars nor less than five dollars. Act No. 44, Nov. 17, 1904. 305. West Virginia: Amending sec. 83, chap. 45. Code. 1 899, relating to Itispec- tlon of seboolhouftts. Providing that the president of the board of education of every district shall, at least once each year, examine all school houses constructed and in process of constructlotfaand report the condition to tbe board. If buildings are unsatis- factory they may, with the approval of the county superintendent, be sold and proceeds be added to building fund. Payment to president for services. • .* ... ■ Chap. 70, peb, 18 , 1905 . ' c\\\ *<’, V, ■ ’’v V*'. ^ . v V * y r ■, oo STATE SCHOOL -SYSTEMS : LEGISLATION, 1904-6. (■d) Building! and Sites: Prohibition Districts. The enactments presented under this beading do not, strictly sinking, belong to the class of educational legislation. They ure, however, further evidences of a movement already p part of the policy of many States for the protection of the educational interests. 30& Arkansas: Establishing prohibition districts within vicinity of certain schools. Act No. 250, May 0, 1005. 867. Massachusetts : Amending sec. chap. 100. Revised Laws. 1901!. rela- tive to the granting of license for the sale of lntorlca|lBg liquors by certain hotels in the vlcit^ty of public schools. Chap. 104, Feb. 21.^906. 368. Michigan: Act No. 663, page 1157, Local Acts. 1905. making It n' penal offense to keep a saloon within a certain distance o fnny public school In u certain county. Is, not unconstitutional as a violation of the four- teenth amendment to the United States Constitution. , White t\ Bracelln, 107 N. \V. 1055 (May 24, 1900). 369. New Jerssw : Amending sec. 11, chap. 53, Acts. 1880, relating to sale of Intoxicating and brewed liquors. Providing that no license Issue for the sale of spirituous, malt, or brewed or armory Dew,place Wlthln two hundred feet ot any schoolhouse, church, Chap. 21, Mar. 8. 1905. 370. Tennessee: Regulating the sale of intoilcatlng llqupr in vicinity of schools. ' * ng «? ny from buying for another any Intoxicating liquor within four miles of any schoolhouse. public or privnte, whether school be In session or not. Not applying to legal sale of liquor in Incorporated towns. Chap. 422, April 15. 1905. 371. Wisconsin: Amending sec. 1548. Statutes, 1898, relative to the sale of llqupr near public and parochial schools. No new liquor license to be granted after June 30, 1905, within 300 feet of ot * parochial school; no license to be granted after* Jan. 1, 1908. within restricted locality if majority of parents or guardians remonstrate. Chop* 385, June 17. 1905. (e) U, 8. Flag in 3chooU. « 872. N. State Department of Education— Bulletlu No. 00, July 10, 1000. 370. CALmgNix: Adding sec. 1802 to Political Code, 1903, relntlng-to teachers* certified Providing for th^yelsHuanoe, without fee, of. teachers’ certificates tost or destroyed by conflagration or public calamity, 1 ^ Chap. 47, June 14, 1000 (Bp. seas.). 377. Flobioa: Amending sec. 1, chap. 5204? Acts, 1903, retatlng to tl^certlflcn- tion of teachers. Permitting county superintendent to hold special examinations and Issue temporary certificates. - - Chap. 5301 (No. 20), May 24, 1905. . 37a Idaho: Amending sec. 4, page 80, Laws, 1899 (sec. 1009, Political Code, 1899 )l relating to state certlflcates and diplomas. Making possession of first-grade county certificate a prerequisite to tbe re- ceiving of a certificate,, and of a state certificate to receiving a state, diploma. *T2 STAtE SCHOOL SYSTEMS : LEGISLATION, 1S04-S. Prescribing fees: state certificate, five dollars: state diploma, ten dollars. Fees to be used to aid county teachers’ Institutes. H. B. No. 100, Page 83, Mar. 9, 1905. 379, Illinois : Repealing sec. 29, art, 6, page 239, Laws, 1S89, permitting cities rtf thirty to one hundred thousand population to examine and license pub- lic school teach^iy. Page 383, May 12, 1905. 880. Illinois: Amending sec. 3, art. 7. page 239, Laws, 1889, relating to county teachers’ certificates. Making civics and Illinois history additional subjects for examination. Page 383, May 12, 1905. 881. Illinois : Amending sec. 2, art, 7, Laws, 1889, relating to state teachers’ certificates, and sec. 7, art 7, Laws, 1889, relating to the holding of quar- terly teachers’ examinations by county superintendents. Granting state certificates only upon examination and providing for their registration by the county superintendent. Page 384, May !2, 1905. 882. • Iowa : Repealing secs. 2032, 2^34, 2735, 2730, 2737 of Code, 1897, and sees. 2734, 2736, 2737 of Code supplement, 1902, relating to county superin- tendent and examination and certification of teachers. Defines duties of county superintendents ; provided for the examination and certification of teachers for the public schools, the classification of teachers’ cer- tificates, the registration and conditions of revocation of the same. Chap. 122, Apr. 5, 1906 (Oct. 1, 1906). 883. ' Kansas: Authorizing the revocation of any teacher’s a»rtlflcate by the board granting it for cause that wouid have Justified withholding at the - time of issue. Chap. 392, Mar. 7, 1905. 884. Kansab: Repealing sec. 2, chap. 424, Law ? s, 1903, relating to the granting of county teachers’ certificates. Examinations to be given in other counties or nt state educational Institu- tions. Conditions and fees for examinations. Cbiii>., 391. Mar. 9. 1905. 385. Kentucky: Amending sec. 4425, 8tatutes v 1903, relative to examinations for teachers’ county and state certificates and state diplomas. ' All applicants for certificates and diplomas to subscribe to an oath exoner- ating themselves from the possession of any previous knowledge of the questions to be used at the examinations. Copy of oath to be preserved as a public record. ’ ’ Chop. 20, Mor. 10, 1900. 886. Kentucky : Amending nnd V-eenactlng sec. +420, Statutes, 1903, relative to Illegal granting of teachers’ certificates and the Illegal disposition of questions for teachers’ examinations. • * * Any county superintendent or county examiner who shall knowingly grant to any immoral person, or to any person under the prescribed age, a certificate ta teach in the common schools shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined jiot less tMh fifty nor more'than one hundred dollars for each offense. Any county superintendent, county examiner, printer, officer of state or county, or any other person who shall sell, barter, give, or furnish procure to be sold, bapftered, given, dr furnished, to an?* applicant p a certificate to teach m the public schools, or to a&y other person, ^ ■ j L _ m j - ELEMENT ART AND SECONDARY TEACHERS. 78 * * J * 1 / ‘ ^ any question or questions prepared or sent out by the state board of examiners for the examination of persons applying for such certifi- * cates, or in any way dispose of such question or questions, except in the manner provided by law, shall be guilty of a felony, and shall, upon conviction, be punished by confinement in the state penitentiary not less than one year nor more than two years. * * * Chap. 39, Mar. 16, 190G. 387. * Louisiana : Relating to state teachers’ certificates’ and state board of examiners. ■ , Defining a state teficher’s certificate and providing (pr conditions of examl* nation and issuance, and creating a State Board of Examiners, Act No. 55, July 2, 1006. 388. Maine: Duties of school superintending committee as to examination of teacherri. * Gee No. 92. # 389. Michigan : Amending sec. 4811, Complied Laws, 1807 (sec. 4, no. 137, Public Acts, 1891), relating to the time of holding regular county teachers’ exam* 1 nations and regulating the time and number of special examluatlons. Act No. 99 ; May 10, 1905. 390. Michiqan: Amending secs. 4812, 4813, 4815, and 4817, Complied Laws, 1897 (secs. 5, 0, 8, 10, no. 147, Public Acts. 1891), relating to the condi- tions for the granting of teachers’ certificates by county board of school examiners; the duties of the county commissioner of schools; compen- sation of county commissioner olf schools and county &hool examiners! Act No. 148, June 1, 1905. 391. * Nebraska : Kepealiug secs, yill, ,11112, 11113, 11114, 11115,-11139, 11140, Annotated Statutes, 1903, and' enacting substitutes; repealing and ^reenacting with amendments sec. 11180, Annotated Statutes, 1903, rela- ting to the examination and certification of teachers. Classifying certificates Into state (professional, first grade,, and elementarv grade), county (first, second, and third grades), and city; prescribing require* meuts for each grade. Sj>eoial requi rements tyt normal school or professional training as prerequisite for county first and second grade certificates nfter Sept. 1, 1907. State suiwrlnjendent of public Instruction to prepare questions for nil county and state examinations. Special examination fee. Providing for certificates to graduates of state normal echoes. Special requirements for high school teachers aud teachers In elementary schools of cities after Sept. 1, 1907. Sec. 18* On and after September 1, 1907, no person shall be granted a certificate to tench in the nigh school dtinartment of any high school district, or in the high school department of any city school district in this state who is not a graduate from a regular four-year course of. a college or university, or a graduate from tne advanced course of a college, university or normal school in this state authorized by law to grant teachers’ certificates, or who does not hold a professional state certificate obtained from the state superintendent on examina- tion before him or a committee appointed by him as provided. bv law. Sbc. 19. On and after September 1, 1907, no person shall tjjl eligible to teach in the grades below fhe high school department in" any nigh school district or in the grades below the high school department Jn any city school district in this state who does not hold at least a sec- ond grade county certificate issued in Nebraska. Chap. 135, Mar. 80, 1905. (Oct 1, 10Q6.) n STATE SCHOO^ SYSTEMS : LEGISLATION, 1904-4. 802. Nevada: Amending sec. 1362. Compiled Laws, 1900 (sec. 1, chap. 92, Statutes, 1893), relating to teachers’ examinations. Extending period of duration of examination for county teachers’ certificates from three to four days. Chap. 43, Mar. 7, 1905. 893. * New Mexico: Providing for the lasuance^of territorial teachers' certifi- cates. by Territorial Board of Education, and prescribing the conditions thereof. m See. 1, Chap. 73. Mar. 14, 1905. 394. New Mexico: Amending, In minor manner, sec. 2, chap. 27, Acts, 1901, re- lating to teachers' examination and certificates. / Sec. 3. Chnp. 73, Mar. 147 1905. 395. ‘New Mexico: Authorizing Superintendent of Public Instruction and county superintendents to issue temporary teachers* certificates. See. 4, Chap, 73. Mar. 14, 1905. 396. New Mexico: Amending sec. 3 a chap. 119. Acts, 1903. relating to tlme*of examination for third-grade teachers' certificates. , Sec. (I, Chap. 73, Mar. 14, 1905. 397. North Carolina : Amending, iu minor manner, sec. 37, chnp. 4, Laws, 1901, relating to examination and certification of teachers. * I See. 9, Chap, 533. Mar, 0, 1905. 89a North Dakota; Amending /sees. 737, 738, 739, 741, 742, and^44, Revised Code, 1809, relating to the certification of teachers. ' Chnp. 107, Mar. 13, 1905. 399. Ohio: Amending sec. 407*ln, Revised Statutes. lSfifc- "relating to questions for examinations for county, teachers’ certificates. Questions to l>e printed by State Commissioner of Common Schools (previ- ously prepared by Sfiite Commissioner and printed by county board of exam- iners). Constituting ihihscssIoii of questions prior to distribution a misdemeanor. H. B. No. 30tvPage 228, Apr. 2, 1906. 400. Oklahoma : Amending sec. (5203, Reused and Annotated Statutes, 1003, t relating to the oxnhi Illations, for teachers' certificates. County 4 board of examiners to ifold examlhatlons on last Thursday and Friday (formerly last Friday and Saturday) of January, October, April, and nt the close of the county normal Institute. X * Chnp. 33^rt 5, Mar. 10, 1905. 401. South Dakota: Amending secs. -2284 and 2285, Revised Political Code, 1903, and secs. 2286, 2287,' 2288, 2280, and 2290, Revised P&Ulcal Code, 1903, ns amended by chnp. 132, Laws, 1903, relating to the examinations, credentials, fees, etc., for Btnte certificates and life diplomas. * Chap. 09, Mar. 11, 1905. 402. i-SJTAii : Repealing secs. 1794-1798, Revised Statutes, 1898, and amendatory acts relating to examinations of county school teachers, and enacting a substitute. Abolishing county board of examiners; examinations to be held by county superintendent under authorization of State Bourd of Education ; State Board to prepare questions and grqde all answer papers. .County certificates ’to be valid In any county in state. Providing for assistants to State Board of tflduca- Uon for preparation of questions and grading of aulwer papers. Misdemeanor to disclose questions. f ' V ^ / Chap. 71, Mar, 0, 1905. ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY TEACHERS. ' 76 403. Vermont : Amending am] adding to see. 662. Statutes, 1894, relating to tenqtornry j>ermltH to teach. Authorizing town Huj»erintemient to hold examinations for issuing permits to teach la schools of the town for not more than fourteen weeks. Limitations. v Act No. 35, Dec. 8, 1904 (Apr. 1. 1005). 4U4. \ iboinia : Amending see. 1470. ('ode, 1904, relating to teachers’ certificate of qualification. I Hscontinuing Issuance. of certificates to teachers after July 1. 1906, 'by. divi- siou Kn|H»riiitendentK, and pfo\ Ming for their issuance after that date hy the State Hoard of Examiners and iiis| actors. Ciap. 248, Page 441, Mar. 15, 1900. 40rf. Washington; Amending sec. 145. Code of Public Instruction (sec. 2415, Annotated (’odes and Statutes. 1897), relating to applicants for teachers* certificates receiving required percentage in part of designated subjects* Repealing provisions exempting applicants for third-grade certificates. See. 4, (fhap. 50. Mar* 3, 1905. 40C. Wisconsin’: Amending chap. 27. Statutes. 1898, lelating to fees paid by teachers. Striking out secs. 4<>lc, 401f. 4Glh. 4(>lj, thereby abolishing the one-dollar fee to he .paid by applicants for teachers’ certificates; and striking out portion of kiv. 4blg, requiring (lie county sii|>erlntendent to pay over to hlavsnecessor all moneys thus remaining in his biliids at the expiration of his term offltaoe. y Chap. 52. Mar.. 29, 1905. ecial certificates of difTereut grades to be granted by examined, subject to approval of Superintendent of Education, without ‘examination, to tochers of primary schools, teachers of singing, drawing, and special subjects in Secondary schools, and to teachers of special subjk’ts and arts in public schools, or account of'fcuccessful experience. ' Iri Ac$ No. 33, Nov. 30, 1004. 411. Washington: Amending sec. 137, Code of Public Instruction- (sec. 2407^ Annotated Codes and Statutes, 1897 ),* relating to teachers* diplomas and certificates. * \ Authorizing the Issuance of temporary certificates by superintendent of schools of cities having more than ten thousand p8pulation, and the Issuance of epeciiU kindergarten certificates by county superintendent of schools. See 2, Chap. 56, Mar,* 8, 1905. * : -ri£ • > dTATK SCHOOL SYSTEM * LEGISLATION, 1904—6. \ \ 76 412. Wisconsin : Adding to chap. 27, Statutes, 1808, four new sections : 458 (I). Authorizing , the state superintendent to countcrsig^ diplomas mid issue state certificates to persons supervising work In t lie public schools -or teaching In colleges or normal schools, otherwise legally qualified under existing statutes, or who are recommended by the state board of examiners. 458 (J). Authorizing the state superintendent to issue a special temporary license, good only until the next meeting of the examiners, for the sole purpose of allowing a salary to said teacher for services renden*l. 458 (k). Authorizing *the state superintendent to grunt a 8|>ecl»I certificate on recommendation of the examiners, qualify lug the holder to tench hikvIu'I branches. t • , 45§ (1). Authorizing, on recommendation of the examiners, the Issuance of a limited si>eclul certificate, qualifying the holder to teach one si>ecliil branch in one particular school or district named. I'hnp 231. May 22. 1905. 418^ Wisconsin : Amending chap. 222. Laws, 1903, .relating to the renewal of (certificates of primary teachers in certain cases without examination. Chap. 248, May 25, 1905." ' 415. (d) Teachers Certificates: Validity; Endorsement; Registration; Revocation. 414. Kansas: Repealing, and reenacting with amendments, sec. 1. chap. 425, V Laws,. 1903r relating to. the endorsement of county teachers* certificates In the several counties of the state. Removing conditions as to contiguity of bounties in the case of endorsement of second and third grade certificates; tfius making certain tethers’ certificates when endorsed by county superintendent, valid in any (‘odntjt of state. % • Chap. ay;J t Feh. 25, ]905. •Kansas : Rwjulring registration of state teachers’ certificates, state dlplo- state vnortnal diplomas, and certificates by county superintendents or clerks of municipal hoards of education, and providing for the report- ing of such registrations to the State Board of Education. Chap. 394, Feb. 25, 1905.' 416. Minnesota: Providing for the registration of teachers’ certificates nnd diplomas with county suj>erlnteiulent as a qualification to teach. Chap. 137, Apr. 11, 1905 (Jan. 1. 1900). 417, South Dakota: Amending see. 2294, Revised Political Code, 1903, relat- ing to the qualifications of teachers and the validity of county certificates.* - * Chap. 100, Mar. 10, 1905. 41& Utah : Amending sec, 1844, Revised Statutes, 189S, relating to obligatory attendance of teachers upon teachers’ InstltuWjUliMhe revocation of certificate In case of neglect or refusal to uttend. Revocation to be made by State Board of Education Instead of county board of examiners (abolished by chap. 71. Laws, 1905). Chap. 72, Mar. 9>1905. ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY TEACHERS. 1 7? («) Teachers' Certificates; Recognition of Normal School and College or Univer- sity Diplomas. t The enactments giving certification values to normal school ant! (allege. or university, diplomas are In u direction now well rwognlzcd In pur recent cduca- tloiiul practice. The measures below are, chiefly In those states that are begin- ning to attach udded Importance to ednnttlonai and 'professional foundations nf the teachers’ equipment. lit). Arkansas: Recognizing diploma from the teachers’ training department of the Untvemfy of Arkansas hr*u license to teach In any puldic school In the state. After six years diploma may l4* converted ‘into life certificate uiriii approval by the state superintendent or public Instruction. Act No. 343, May 11. 1905. *120. Idaho: Providing for the issiian(*e. by the State Superintendent of Piddle Instruction, of a state teachers’ certificate to certain graduates of the University of Idaho. f ( ortificatcs to 1 h» granted to ] every graduate from the University of Idaho, receiving either thq degree.of bachelor of arts or bacluJor of sconce, who has finished a two years’ course in the 'department of pedagogy or who 1ms taught successfully in the public' 'schools of the state for five years, and who is recommended by the professor or instructor of pedagogy of said institntion. II. B. No. 150. Page 101). Mar. 8. 1905. 121. Kentucky: Providing for the proper recognition of the, proficiency no* qulred bj Rtudents attending the normal department- of the agricultural and mechanical college. p Degree of bachelor, of pedagogy, equivalent to d life certificate to teach In the public schools of state. Completion of other courses of study In the normal department entitles to Rtute diploma or state Vertlflcnte. Attendance uport sum* iner session of normal department relieves teachers from requirement to attend instltifte. * * ChHp. 92. Mar. 21. 190(1. ■122. Ixu:t8iANA : Amending sec. 53. Act No. 214. Laws. 1902. relating to the re- quirements for first-grade teacher’s certificate. Providing that graduates of all Institutions of lejiVulug authorized by state law to confer diplomas be exempt from examinations' In such courses as the presi- dent of Institution shall certify have Ufrn completed, excepting theory and art Of teaching. . • ^ Aft No. 133, Page 222. July 10. 1900. ’ « *■ . -12;*. Louisiana : Amending sec. 59. Act No. 214, Laws, 1002, relating to recogni- tion or diplomas of certain Institutions as first-grade teachers’ certificates. ♦ Recognizing. In addition to diplomas from Peabody Normal School, Nashville, Tenn.. and diplomas from State Normal SchoqJ, the diplomas from department of Philosophy and Education of State University and diploma from New Orleans C4ty Normal School , 11U. UK?, 1 111 4^4. Maryland: Repealing and reenacting* with amendments sundry sections of chap. (13, Acts, 1896, relating to the Issuance of teacher^’ certificates to graduates of the department of pedagogy of Wftsblngtoji College. •Chap. 204, Mar. 30, 1006, .78 BTATd SCHOOL 8YBTEMB : LMttSLATION, 1804-6. ^8. Oklahoma: Amending sec. 3404. Statutes, 1803 (6444, Revised and Anno- ta ted Statutes, 1003), relating to normal achool certificates. Examinations for first. second, and tblitf grade certificates to be held each rSfifl! t 08 nonnal 8Cll °o*s. Examination fee of two dollar* Certificates Av/nrded valid In county wherein school Is locnted: * Normal school diploma a life certificate valid In any public school of territory. Chap.* 2$. Art. 1. Mar. 15. 1905. 42a /South Cabolina: Amending sec. 1200, Civil Code. 1*902. relating to teach- ers* certificates. x Providing for approval- by State Board of Education of curriculum- and ey the state superintendent of public instruc- tion. *. i % • enpp. ft, Mar. 80, 1906. 42a MAaaACHUBCTTB . Amending sec. chhp. 40, Revised Laws, 1902 as amended- by chiip. 383, Acta, 1004. relating ft couuty associations of teacher* . * 4 „ °J for state nlfto be filed with Board of Rduca- -&C2f^L^tftr n>or ‘ 7‘* tlDR to m «‘ tln ®’ of “»>«• <*«»* ’ ' : ,*t * Chap. 200, Apr. «, 1008. 480. Mtaeoumi : Amending sec. 9860, page 270i Laws, 1903, relatlug to tbe . ■ renewal of teachers’ certificates. ... , ■ C ° mmlMtopeir of Ahalt, organize couuty teiftt^rs’ assor Sf*':/-.:;,:. /;> A \ ' • , v^. “ . . . -ftn aoi, Mar, &i, leon. . . , TKAOHEBQ: KMPIiOTMKNT> KTO. F. TEACHERS: EMPLOYMENT, ETC. \ 7 « - (a) kra ploy mem ; Contract; Appointment; Dismissal. The enactments grouped umler this bending vary widely iu tbelr ulin appar- ently, yet all (ttssesa a‘ common characteristic which justifies their classification In this manner. That of MiiKsaehuaetta (432) offers u wide scope of now nctlvlty for tbe Stale Board of Education, providing It meets with a response from teachers nud school officers. The muencltnent to the statute of New Hnuip- shlre>C434) seems to be a move in the right direction for the protection of tenches from hasty'or Ill-considered action on "the |mrt of employlug boards of education. On tbe other hand, the enactments of Oklahoma (436) and Oregon (437) ought to serve to protect the schools and boards of education from those teachers ui>on whom the obligations of u contract rest lightly. If, In the light of the present-day exjjerleiK^s, one may 'he permitted to pksa an opinion. It would be that both" hoards of education ami teachers are In need of legislative protection aqd prohlbltlobs In this matter oS^ontrnct obligations. 431. Connecticut: Exempting from payment of license fee uuder provisions of chap, 259, General Statutes, 1902, employment agencies supplying posi- tions only In educational Institutions. Chap.. 148, June 22, 1005. 432. Massachusetts : Relating to the employment of public school teacher* thru the State Board of Education. Section* 1. Any person desiring to teach in the public schools of this Commonwealth may, on payment of a fee of two doU&rs, file with the State Board of Education an application in writing stating the kind and grade of the school desireiand the experience and train- 4 dng of the applicant, and may file with such application any evidence of the applicant’s character and qualifications. Section 2. It shall be the duty of th* Board to receive such appli- cations, to maks lists of the' same arranged for convenient reference, and on request of superintendents of Schools and school committees of cities and towns to furnish all reasonable information about such applicants. The board may make reasonable rules and regulations relating to the filing of applications and the giving of information *as above providdd. * / - . , < Chap. 399, May 21, 1906. 433. Minnesota: Qualification* of teachers -In state-aided rarer School*. .* ’ SOS Vo. M7. 434. * New Hanpshibe : Amending secs. 3 and 4, chap. 92, Public Statutes, 1901, relating to the dlamlsaal*of teaelwrs. ' Substituting Immoral or (acompclcrtt ror t/nt »Ra61e or incompetent as cauMp , v tor dismissal ; providing that before dismissal teachers shall have bad previous notification and have had' full and fair hearing. School district liable for vtplntlon of provision of act; and teacher may re* > coverfull salary for wrongful dlamlasnl. . * . - ■ * :'.V r ■' 'r : ; *' ; v " ^ ; - . . . \ iObap. fi^.Mar, ^ 3 ’ • v to iXu ■ i-v-’ " SO ]f STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS: LEGISLATION, 1904-6' ’ 435. New Hawp/holk: Amending see. 4, chap: 77, Laws 1890, relating to super- vision of gchools In cities and towns. Districts formed of leesXtban three towns or special school districts for pur- poses of supervision shall tanploy not fewer than twenty nor more than sixty teachers. \ - . \ Chap. 115, Mar. 10. 1905. 48& Oklahoma: Amending se\oi87, Revised and Anncriffted Statutes, 1903, re- lating to the employment of teachers. Teachers* contract with district board blading rnitU legal release by board Until Much release teacher may noAiuake valid contract with any other district board or board of education. 4 , . ''''Chap. 33, Art. 2, Mftr, 13. 1905. 437. OasooN : Requiring teachers In the public-schools to give thirty days’ no- tice, upon resigning their positions. * That all teachers in the public schools of this state who shall will- ingly violate the terms of his or her contract for teaching by resign- ing his or her position as teacher without a written notice given to the school oard at least thirty days heftfre the time when the resignation shall take infect, shall have his or War certificate revoked by the author- ities issuing same upon due notice rrom. thq, school board, and'shall be disqualified from teaching in the public schools of Jhis state for the remainder of the school year: Provided , That sickness or other unavoidable circumstances which prevent the teacher from teaching one month shall be- sufficient reason for the-lerminatioii of the con- tract without the notice herein required on the part of the teacher: And provided further , That a school board may release 'a, teacher from a contract by mutual agreement. Chap. 42, Feb. 9, 1905. 43& Vibqinia : Amending see. 1531, Code, 1904, relating to apportionment of state funds to public free schools in cities and towns. ; , Striking out clause relating to nepotism as regards employment and payment of teacher (see amended Bee. 1406, page 439, Chap. 248, Laws, 190G). Chap. 293, Page 513, Mar. 17, 1906. i < . (b) Teachers' Salaries. The movement for better salaries for public school teacbei* thru the estab- lishment of minimum salary schedules la slowly^ gaining headway. No Jess than ftrar states (Indiana, Maryland, Pennsylvania* West Virgin! j) had, previously to the period here under consideration, enacted laws fixing j minimum salary standard. The two principal enactments of the following grJiip — North Dakota ’ (W1 ) apd Ohio (442), and the amendment to the Taw already. In force in Werft Virginia (444), are encouraging features for the movement, which promises xnqch tor the elevation of the standards of teaching, particularly in the schools of rural communities, * j- * -> 48ft DEUW4S&: Amending par. 8, *ec. 27, chap. 67, Mwi 1888, relating to ; " MlaHea of teacher*. c 1 Ujattof aalaty. of teacher* in unincorporated echool dlstrlda from .thirty-fife toftrty doljare per month. liar, je, 19Pft . 440. I>5L iai a Nii Selatiwr' to U^lmraaaceof bond* In payment <&„ ularlee of — TSA0HKB8: EKPLOYH^TT, BTC. 81 -« 1 44L * Nokth Dakota: Amending sec. 895, Revised Code, 1899, relating to the * ! employment and salaries of teachers In district schools. j * ' * * 1 No teacher holding a second-grade certificate shall receive I less than forty-five dollars per month on and after the passage and * taking effect of this act. * * * * ; * . ' ** Sec.-5, Chap. <100, Mar. 18, 1906. 442. * Ohio : Providing for minimum salary of public school teachers. j Section 1. That no person shall be employed to teach in any pub- lic school in Ohio for less than forty dollars $40 i a month; and that when any school district in Ohio has not sufficient money to pay its teachers forty dollars per month for eight months teachers* retirement fund. Exempting from levy and sale by virtue of, execution nil pensions or annuities ^ payable out of public school teachers* retirement fund. * Chap. 107, Mar. 30, 1005. 450. New Yobk: Amending sec. A, tit 12. chap, 105, Laws, 1891, as added to by chap. 928, Laws, 1896, relating to public school teachers’ retirement fuud of city of Buffalo. ^ ; Concerning composition of board of trustees. \ , c • * Chap. 192, Apr. 11, 1906, 451. New York: Establishing pension fund for retired school-teachers In city s Rochester and providing for the management of the fund. Chap. 608, May 25, 1905 (Sept 1, 1905), 452. New Yoas: Amending sep. 1092, charter of greater New York, as amended by chap. 530,* Laws, 1TO2. and chap; 177, Laws, ltfoB, relating to public school-teacher,’ retirement fund. " Chap. 061, May 81, 1906. 458. New York : Establishing a pension fund for public school-teachers of Troy. ^ r N’ Y., and regulating the collection, management, and conditions of pay* ment ’ Chap 80ft, r Apr. 24, 1906. 454. Ohio : Amending sec. 889X6. 38976/ 8897k. and 88971, v Revised Statutes, 1905, relating to pensions for school-teacher. \ IJgittor annual 'pinion to 4800 (previously $500). Prohibiting payment of principal of donations, gifts, bequests, etc., for pensions, * teBCher " 00 aceMurt of ab * et,ce .° r »**»-•*■ ( Board of education shill >pay semiannually Into pension ftffidpot lem than one nor Wore than two perjipi p£ gross taxation receipts, ^ " a fcjAfctfv Pw m Mm. 8i. 1000, ™ ^ teachers: training and education. 8, O. TBACrtER8: PROFESSIONAL TRAINING AND EDUCATION. (a) University Departments and Schools of Education. Besides the minor udmlulstrdtlve changes recorded, the legislation of the period Indicates clearly enough that there Is throughout the entire country a large and continually growing Interest In those Institutions and activities estab- lished for the professions training and education of teachers. No better evi- dence of the Interest can be produced than those legislative enactments creating institutions and departmenttf of collegiate and university rank for the purpose of affording training and education of a specialized aiuPndvnnced type for those preparing to teach In secondary schools, or to enter upon the lurger work of administration and supervision of education. The ‘three measures classified under this heading mark the beginning of a movement In the states concerned that Is rapidly becoming characteristic of the attitude *of the more progressive states toward the problem of providing ade-* quately trained teachers for the higher work of the public school system. 455. Minnesota : Providing for the establishment of a teachers* college or de- partment of pedagogy lu the University of Minnesota. ' , Section 1, I hat it Khali be the duty of the board of regents to organize and establish in the- University of Minnesbta as soon as practicable a teachers’ college or department t>f pedagogy, for the purpose of affording proper professional training for those .persons who intend to beoome public and high school instructors, principals, and superintendents of schools. \ _ Chap. 120. Apr. 7. 1906. 455a. Ohio: Permlttlug Ohio State University to establish a teachers* college. See No. m . * £ , 45(1. Tennessee : Providing for the establishment of u college for the higher v education of teachers. Providing for the appropriation jot $25,000 annually for ten years, to be ex- pended and used In conjunction wltlFone million dollars, applied by the trustees of the Peabody Education Fund, for the purpose of establishing at Nashville a' college for the higher education of white teachers for the southern states. The George Peabody College for Teachers to be the successor of the present Pea- body Normal college. * Chap. 211, Apr. 8, 1906. (b) State Normal 8chools. The past two years have witnessed the establishment of a normal school sys- tem In Kentucky (463), the creation of a state nmrnal 'school from a former county normal school In Maine (468), the eet&mlhment of -two additional normal schools In Missouri (468-469). a large appropriation for the rebuilding of the burned Albany State Normal College In New York (471), and the pre- liminary steps for W establishment of a new normal school In Wisconsin (474). ‘Two state^D^ aware J4B8) {Mh have sought to encourage - at ^eh da n ce upftn ^tr iwruial , schools by extm^lng- the system of i^latill|s fto:*thdetttA ; recognised tito importance of an. adequate tin# ' -r 1fawe-jre«tcoMr«Rt • •1 '4v * • , • 84 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS: LEGISLATION, 1904-6. the normal school. Vermont (472) has Increased the annual appropriation!* tor normal schools. The measure enacted In Montana (470) for the benefit of the state normal college was declared to be unconstitutional. Minnesota^ (40d) » settled the disputed question of jurisdiction over the affairs of the normal schools Ijy giving definite authority to the normal School board. The legislation regarding normal schools was, In the main, unimportant, aside from that establishing new schools. This, however, is significant In itself . Maine: Amending chap. 223, Private and Special Laws, 1903, establishing a county normal school at Presque Isle In the county of Aroostook. Name changed from Aroostook County to Aroostook State normal school. . Chap. 313 (private laws), Mar. 21, 1905. 406. Minnesota : Divesting the state board of control, with tbe *e?Tteptlon of nuthority over financial matters relating to erection and constrtictlon of new buildings, purchase of fuel and placing Of Insurance, of jurisdiction ' and authority over the state university and state normal schools, and providing for tbe financial management of the state university by tbe hoard of regents and the state normal schools by tbe state normal school board ns prior to April 1, 1901 (Chap. 122, Laws, 1901). Chap. 119, Apr. 7, 1906. 167. Mississippi : Donating and transferring the property of the fetat^ Normal School for colored pupils ut Holly Springs to tbe branch Agricultural Experiment Station at the same place. Chap. 146, Mar. 1, 1906. 468., Missouri : Establishing Fourth District Normal School, providing for a commission upon location and a governing board of regents. Page 297, Mar. 17, 1905. 469. Missouri : Establishing tbe Fifth District Normal School, providing for a commission u|>on location, awn governing board of regents. J Page 299, Mar. 25, 1905. 470. Montana : Enabling tbe Normal School Lfijffferant to be further utilised In providing additional buildings and equipment* for Montana State Normal College. * / Sec, 5. It shall be the duty of testate treasurer to keep all moneys derived from the sale, leases, or sale of timber from the state normal school lands, as hereinbefore* mentioned, in' a separate fund, to 6e known and designated as “ The State Normal School Fund,? and out of the moneys of such fund he 'shall pay,otfter the approval of the State Board of Examiners * * * . - 7 . Chap. 3, Page 5, Feb. 2, 1005. Montana, J906 : Coast, art 11, sec. 12, provides that the funds of aU state Inatl^rtkms of teaming shall forever remain Inviolate, and shall be . reepedtlvely Invested under such regulations as may be prescribed by Ifrtr,: ; v . ^nd 4battbe Inteivet'from sncb ipvysted fo^ shall tie devoted* to V ' awl ' ; such iMNwtfte institution* . V - a- ■ v 1 • i , w < ?,* -V a.*,* ;,a v*? .• < ' • *v, *' ' ' • ■' ■- \ : ri- *■& ■ ‘ ' I: M 86 SIAM SCHOOL SYSTEMS ; LEGISLATION, 'liNM-S. - La^ lOOe, sec. 5, chap. 3, p. 5. provides that the state treasurer shall k ®f p » U. nioneyB each of the’state normal schools from Act k V tl,e nece8 *ary text-books (previously adopt and Provision that diplomas aad certificates must be slgrnsl Mt^?.L d T rt ' U T* tR - . Tu,,lon W fr«® to all student exropth.g K not obltgatlng themselves to follow vocation of teaching. . Prescribing courses of study of different duration and the rertlflcates and Text-bpoks and supplies may . Chap. 85, Mar. 6, 1905. , 474. Wisconsin : Locating new state normal school at La Crosse * A Z8Zr^ 9l 2 fi0 ° for .purchase and Improvement of alte and preparation A ^organization and estab.lahment of Chap. 121, Apr., 20, 1905. m WmooNSiN : Amending secs. 893 (as amended by chaps. 74 and 4d0 Laws M99. and chap. 166, Laws, 1001), 896, 308, and 401, Statutes, 1898, relat- ing to organisation, compensation, and conduct of business of the board of normal school regents. f ^Re moving li mitation as to tbe residence of more than one male regent In Wine congressional district; all moneys received hv tvumi * * [ tteaanreri providing for mkhoda of TOb^Ttl^ XS PaW *° stnte •' - Ohap, 168. May 8, 1906. (c) ty and Local Normal ^an^Thdnlng Schools. .!• the pressing need of trained teacher^ tUvflS ■iJiSS'KiSSff* W^Mteac^a of. graduates, town the Wats 87 TEACHERS? TRAINING AIH) EDUOATION. normal schools In most of the slates. Even without this excess demand, under the conditions of low salaries and social Isolation, the difficulty of making the district school position seem acceptable to those completing the regular state normal school courses bah long been recognized. ^ Certain states have Aeinpted to meet the need for betterroral school teachers through the cmbllslinieiit of " county normal schools." or “ county normal school training classes," where the students, who otherwise would go directly Into the work of teaching, ore given one year, more or less, of special training, calculated to fit them In large measure for the definite work of the rurnU schools. The classified legislation shows that two states, Michigan (470) and Wisconsin (478). have found this plan a useful one. Each of these states grants thr Act Vo. 183, Page 222, juljr >6 1906, W&m jg.‘ -^y ■; ; v : ‘v ixivi-. J ■■ ~ \ , ^ ,; v .* TEACHERS! TRAINING AND EDUCATION. 89 486. • A^abyland: Repea I lug and reenacting with amendments see. 80; chap. 584. Acts. 1904 (sec. 8*7, Public (^uyral Laws, 1904), relatlug to county teach- ers’ Institutes. ** * Authorizing Joint Institutes of two or more counties. •Chap. 350, Apr. 9, 1900. 487. * Montana: Amending sec. 1903, Political Code, 1895, as amended by sec. 30, 8. B. no. 44, 1897, relating to the attendance of teachers upon county teachers' institutes. x Making requirements more rigid and con?i telling hoards of school trustees to dose schools during session of Institute. ' - Chap. 00, MrtV. 2, 1905. 488. New Mexico: Amending sec. 1, chap. 120. Acts. 1903, relating to teach- ers’ Institutes. Limiting expenditure to fifty dollars In counties of third and fourth class. Sec. 2, Chgp. 73, Mar. 14, 1905. 481).- New Mexico: Providing that any iterson good moral character, and who Ims a certificate of the first class, may be np|K>luted as conductor of normal Institutes. Sec. 5, Chap. 73, Mar. 14, 1905. 490. * North Carolina: Amending sec. 20, chap. 4, Laws, 1901, as amended by his*. 10. chap. 4jtT», Laws, 1903, relating to county teachers’ institute*. Increasing powers of state superintendent over county Institutes, which are. to l>e held biTvi/i /«////. Providing for Kupixnt of lustltutes and compulsory at- tendance of teachers. Sec.*fc, Chap. 533, Mar. 0, 1906. .491. Oklahoma: Amending sec. 0292, Revised and 'Annotated Statutes, 1903, relating to fund for county normal institute. County' commissioners shall, upon recommendation of comity superintendent, allow not to exceed one hundred dollars for support, of hohnal Institute. To supplemeut fund already derived from examination and registration fees. * ■ Chap. 33, Art 10, Mar. 4, 1006. , 492. Oregon : . Authorizing county school superintendents to bold local Insti- tutes and educational gatherings and to use a part of the institute funds for defraying expenses of the same. ^ Sec. 1, Chap. 210, Feb. 22, 190& 493. Pennsylvania : Regulating the time of holding city teachers* Institutes. Institutes may be held on any five days or any ten half days which city superintendents may select. * Act No. 164, Apr. 20, 190& 494. Tennessee: Amending clap. 25, Acts. 1873, establishing uniform system . of schools and relating to duties of state superintendent Providing that the schools of any county may be suspended for one day each year to permit teachers to attend teachers’ conference. No deduction from teachers* salary. • * 0 Chap. 10 v Jan. 30, 19&. 495. Ten Has see : Relating to the training of teachers in summer Institutes sad summer schools. ' Authorizing county courts, In counties of not less than 70,000 nor more thad ^iKXQOO population, to m^ke appropriations from the public school fund for the phife^tTonal education *and training of teachers in summer Institute* a nd^um pf sdhools ,• _ 1 •••* " > * ' ’ * ,w ^ ; 19 90 „ STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS: LEGISLATION, 1904-6. •496. Utah . Relating to the obligatory attendance of teachers upon teachers* institutes. \ . • See No. '418. 497. * ViaotNiA : Amending gee. 1481, Code, 1904, relating to teachers’ meetlngs\ .and sumlher schools. •kISST 638 * 11 * aon M a * npproprlntlon for state summer schools from $2,500 to fn.000, provided that not fewer than eight be held ntinunlly. % ; Chap. 248, Page 441, Mar. 15, 1906. 498. Wisconsin: Providing for "the deficiency in the teachers’ Institute fynd ^caused by the abolishment of the examination fee for teachers’ cer- tificate (chap. 52, Laws, 1905). Appropriating $9,000 11 ml providing for the apportionment of the same to the various counties on basis of number of teachers employed. Defining coin-* petent Institute conductor. ' i ■ Chap: 476, June '20. 1905 (July 1, 1905). . H. SCHOOL POPULATION AND ATTENDANCE (a) General. • *• „ \ 499. North Carolina : Amending Her. 23, chap. 4, Laws, 1901, relating to closing of schools by reason of Insufficient nttendnnce. , To be closed only with approval of county KU|ierlntendeiit of schools!" See. 4, Chap. 533, Mar. fi, 1905. (b) School Census. - _ . The two 'factors— apportionment of school funds 00 the census basis, and the enforcement of compulsory educational laws — bav^ apparently contributed to make the school census a more Important element In the affairs of public educa- tion than' formerly. While’ most of the legislation Is 1 of importance only in a %tnor way, by certain of the enactments, Michigan (503-504), Nevada (505). New Mexico (507), and South Dakota (511), steps have been taken to Insure more accurate and reliable census returns. 000. Caiotobnia: Amending sec. J63G; Political Code, 1903, relating to report of census marshals. , P& netting use of substitute census list when emergency or public calamity prevents the taking of the school census at the time specified by statute between fifteenth and thirtieth of April. ^ * Chap. 34, June 14, ( 1900 (sp. see*.). 601. Iowa: Amending secr*2764, Code, 1807, relating to the keeping of the re»- l»t^r of persons of school age by the secretary of the board. ' Register to he ipads 4n June Instead of September* . m K * 4 Sec- 6, Chap. 186, Mgr. 10, 1906. Asfoodlng see. 2786, Code, 1897,* relating to duties of directors In ' l fi school townships.* ■ ; . * P S*W» tooe taken betvreefi first and fifteenth d*yrof jtwe *and report of wmz to Mm twentieth of Jtme .1 , * ^ ’ .ST ' •• " • #■' 8ea 186, Ibu:, io{ im& . 8CHOOL POPULATION AND ATTENDANCE. 91 KW. Michigan : Amending kw. 4687, « I.hwh. IK-17, relative to manner of taklug school census. Act No. 30, Page 54, Mar. 20, 1905. m Michigan : Amending sec. 4688. Complied Laws, 1897, (see. 22a, chap. 3, . no. 164, Public Acts, 1'881), relating to penalty for giving fnlse .Informa- tion for Bobool census. Increasing penalty: fine and imprisonment. | /\ Act No. 208, June 1*3, 1905. Nevaha: Amending h««. 1303, Compiled I.nws, 1000 (subdiy. ,3. sec. 32, clinp. 145, Statutes, 1805), relating to hcUooI census. Refjort of W'lipol cedsus marsbnl to be sent to and approved by clerk of dle- sch(>olK >flr< tnlHte€H More transmitted to county superintendent t>f C’bap. 45. Mar. 2, 1905. XK New Hampshire: Amendlug-ehap. 40. I^ws, 1% ns n mended by chap. 80. I,awH, 1003. relating to annual enumeration of children l^twecn five and Hlxtrni yearn of age by truant officers. Changing time for making enun^ratlon from Octolier to September. Y Clmj). 01, Mar. 10, 1905. 507. New Mexico: Providing for tie taking of school census, and compensation therefor. Penalty for false eiumerntlon. S . ) ^ Chap. 23, Mar. 2, 1905. •W Molt,: Caboi.ina : Amending kw. 17. (Snip. 4, Lnws, 1901, r.-lntlng to the duties of the township •school committeemen. Piovldlng tlmt to\vnshijM*ommittee must tufte the census in their township bv districts and may I* paid two cents i>er name or one dollar i>or da* for four dnyi 1 , S. Sec. 17, Chap. 533, Mar.* 0, 1906. 50fl. \N okth Dakota : Amending sec/VoT, Revised Code, 1899, relating to annual school census. , \ Census to Include ages and address oXdeaf itnd dumb, blind, and feeble-minded persons between ages of five and tiveiSy-flve. County superintendent to pro- vide copies of enumeration of different classes of defectives to the superin- tendents of the respective state institutions. up ^ ** ' * Chap. 103. Mar. 13, 1995. 510. SoyTM Dakota: Amending sec. 300." Revised Political Code, 1903. relating to the apportionment of school funds. nl fi d !“ K from census enumeration pupils in model schools or In school* attached to any state normal school, or any other .state school. , / .Chap. 158. Mar. 7, 190G, 51T. * South Dakpta : Providing for school census upon which to apportion 4 school moneys, ^" n ° nl ®P h ? 01 Pensus of children between ages of six- and twenty-one to be , c t ' r , k «*oo' district and filed with county superintendent before ri MOn ; ,fly ‘ n 1 Jun l- C ?!! nt y superintendent to report enumeration ’to comml*: aloner °f school and public land* before July let Penalties for false, Inac- curate, or incomplete returns. „ , , ' " ‘ ' Chap. 64, Mar—8, 1908. 612. VmoiNU : Amendln»eec. l462, Code, 1904, relating to school eemai ta erery school district by clerk of district boant during * v month- of April or May* 1910, and every five years thereafter. * “ •tr^: Chap. 2*8,*Pa|e 4S9, idtar. lB.190a. mMi 92 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS : LEGISLATION, 190%6, s (c) School Year; Month; Day. 513. Flobida: Amending see. 3, chap. 419(1, Acta, 1893. relative to defining a school year and providing for the opening and closing of school terms. Cotinty schools falling to bold full session to make up such lost tltne within next school year. or forfeit financial apportionment. ^ * * Chap. 5380 (No. 15), May 31. 1905 v 614. Iowa: Amending sec. 2773, Code, 1897, relating to the length of school yea r *s. Year to commence on " first of July ” lustead of " third Monday in March.’’ Sec. 8/ Chap. 13(1, Jtfnr. 10, 190(1. 616. Louisiana: Amending sec. 23, Act* No. 214. Laws, 1902, relating to course of study and sessions of public schools. f Fixing the school week. at five days and- the school month nt twenty days; monthly* gularlee of teachers to lie paid accordingly. ' 1 Act No. 133. July 10, 190(1. (d) School HMidays. p l « ** 5ld Ahoona: Amending sec. 2709, ttevlsedjstatutes. 1901, relating to holidays. When certain days set aside l»y" statute nvlmlldars fall on Sumlav. the Monday following shall l>e a holiday. % I / Chpp. 15, Feb. 21. 1905. 617. Maine: Amending sec, 88, chap, 15, Revised Statutes, 1903, relating to school holidays nnd privileges thereof. Adding the following to said section: "When any one of. the above-named holidays falls upon a Suudny. the Monday following shall be ultserved as a school holiday with nil thej»rlvlle#es npplytug to any of the days above named.” ' v ^Bec. 14, Chap. 48, Mar, 11, 1996. ^ 61& New York: Adding section to tit. 4, chap. 18, of charter of Greater New York, as reenacted by chap. 466, Laws, 1901. resting to school holidays. Makes first Thursday In June, or In some cases second Thursday In *June. a holiday for public schools in borough of Brooklyn, In commemoration of the organisation of Sunday schools. & (’hap. 528, May 18, 1905. <«■ w (s) Place of Atte ndan ce; Transportation of Pupils; Consolidation of Schools. (8m A, Ed set menta 150-176.) f | Supplementary to the legislation for the furthering of the '(Wolldatlon pf school districts (160-176) is that providing for the transportation of pupils to and from school. Minnesota (MM). nnd Wisconsin (531). by Important acts, extended their activities in this direction; Ohio (52(1) gnve greater authority to school boards; and Vermdnt (630) provided for boards of referees to adjudi- cate disputed questions.' Kansas (521), Oklahoma (527), and Oregon (628) gave Increased authority to .school boards regarding the payments for the attend- ance of pupils at schools In other school districts. The Massachusetts act of 1902 (623), requiring street railway companies to curry public school pupils to and from school at half fore, was declared to be" constitutional {. and the provisions of Abb actrwere extended by the legislature jso as to i^odetbepapits of private schools/ SCHOOL POPULATION AND ATTENDANCE. 519. Idaho : Amending sec. 6, page $20, Laws, 1901, as amending sec. 35, page 93, Laws, 1899 (sec. 1065, Political “Code, 1901), relating to tbe formation of ^ school districts. Permitting pupil to attend school In the district In which school building Is nearer his place of residence than Is the school of his own district ' H. B. Np. 190, Page 218, Mar. 9, 1905. 520. Kansas: Amending sec. 32, chap.^^T), GeneraJ Statutes, 1901, relating to the educntloivof children Inmates of county poor asylums. Connty coimnlss loners may provide for education of, at some district school. * 1 Chap. 385, Feb. 18, 1906. 521. Kansas: Regaling mul reenacting with amendments sees. 0132 and 0&3, TJefrarnl Statutes, 1901, relating to attendance of children ui>on schools othertimu that in school district of residence. Increasing maximum expense for such attendance from $25 to $45 j)er month. Children of property’ owner owning land In adjoining school district inay attend school without expense. - Chap. 386. Mar. 8. 1005. 522. Massachusetts : Amending sec. 4, chap. 44, Revised Laws, 1902, relating to flic right of childreirof nonresident parents to atteud school. Regulating attendance of children at schools In places other than residence of parents or guurdluns. ' Chap. 375, May 5, 1906. 523. Massachusetts : <* Amending sec. 72. chap. 112, Revised Laws, 1902, relat- ing to si>eoinl rates on street and elevated railways for pupils In public schools. * Extending provisions of act so as to include private schools. . % Chap. ,479, June 14, 1906. 524. * Minnesota: Authorising school boards in any public school district to provide for the transportation at public expense, of pupils living more than one-half mile from^he school. * f Par. 4, Seb. 1320, Revised School Laws, 1906. 525. Missoubi: Authorizing boards of managers of public charitable institu- tions In cities of 100,000 Inhabitants or over to arrange with public school authorities for the education of tbe children therein. V x , Page 301. Mar. 13/1905. 526. Omoi Amending geo. 3934, Revised Statutes. 1906, relating to tranapoVta- ( tlon of pupils In Biaxial school dlsfticts. ^ Holton ling compulsory obligations of bbard of education to provide trapspor-* tuition for all pupils residing at a greater distance than one and one-hair miles from Mchoolhouse. “ Transportation of pupils In any event *’ being optional with, the board of education. H. B. 347, Page 267, Apr. 2, 1006. 627. Oklahoma: Providing for tbe temporary transfer of pupils from the school of one district to the schoo'l of another for a period not exceeding one year. * * • ■ T Prescribing conditions of consent of district boardg concerned, reapportion- ment of school funds, and penalties for violations. s ^ Chap. 33, Art 14, Fty 13, 1906. • Massachusetts, 1905 : Free transportation of pupil* to school. Bov. Laws, >1902, c. 112, sec. 72, requiring street-railway companies to carry public school pu pi La* to and from school af rates not exceeding one-half tbe Yegular fare, Is not cfdss legislation, the pro* , motion of education being a sufficient reason for the discrimination In favor of pupils, ' (Com. v. Interstate, etc., By,, 78 N. B., 530.) ^ t t ^ Nor > It property wlthont ^duo- process of law.. J * m, % ' *■' { 94 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS : LEGISLATION, 1004-8. m °rr tte A rr” g h th ^ 8 " ict 8ch ° o ' b ° ard ° f ° n * <^*0 «»*»« 2ib nv th^M k aDy ° ther d,Str,ct for tbe «taU«too of pupils In any school In such other district on such terms .. m„„ k K2ft t»tib A A. Sec.* 5. Chap. 210, Feb. 22.' 1005. 620. Tixas . Amending art. 39931). Revised Civil Statutes irqk fi .i„ of children of members of state legislature * lature who^reslde with' thel^fnmines^'nTlie^ caidtnTcItT "f^ 1 ' h* U ' e T, ' XHH leKlH ' . In attendance u|)on any session"/ the leidsh?tn! ^t.'for the puriwse of Mug' In such city for Uoolpun^ ^ legislature shall be considered to reside non ** Chnp. 40, Mur. 24* 1005 mTnil'v'^'T'- ,t85 ' S,ftUltW - ,8M - "» "mended by X,',. 23. Arts, tatlon of pupils. ’ ' relatl “ K l ' K ‘ oo. X, 1 !XM. Ofp,: - sS^C. 2,) t0W - ^ «■ — -rs Providing that elector* may authorize i U w.„ * * maximum |>crlod of three years fo rl,» ' , i , ' lmkt> < ' miln "- ,s - for a and for tuition of pupils. * ’ n ’ K to !‘ of pupils to. a ml from school. Chap. 54, Mar. 2!>, mo5. (f) Compulsory Attendance; CI^Labor;-. Truancy ,tmh 7tS!° Ml 0f eXl r lng IaW * ' Callfornl ° <«»«« ) IkSS » n ‘ Ml't ■ ;S S ^ TytoM *“ Massachusetts W S «£' tun trim* 4lste4 — ^--- . N M'ng taaahMd labor tets ten iBDiifllsd hcrn • ~ — - • • • ** •■•• ■ i '/* 4 y I SCHOOL POPULATION AND ATTENDANCE. 96 •• * ' « ^ iucloslve) are among the most Important of the entire group. Especially effect- ive should be the fixing of definite educational standards, as has been done In the latter state. 532. California : Regulating the employment and hours of labor of children. Prohibiting employment of minors under 14 years of age. Minors under 16 must be able to yead and write Euglish. Providing for Issuance of age and schooling certificates by public school authorities. Chap. 18, Feb. 20, 1905. 533. California: Amending sec. 1, chap. 270, Statutes, 1903, relaftng to compul- sory education. Increases period of attendance from five months and eighteen consecutive weeks to 'during the time In which a public school shall be in session In the city Or city and county or school district in which said child resides:” provides for exemption and permits to work under provisions of Chapter 18, Acts of 1905 regulating the employment of children; clause relatlug to exemption on account of parental Indigence strickeq out Chap. 333. Mar. 20, 1905. 5:t4. * Connecticut: Amending chap. 29, Public Acts, 100?. relating to the com- pulsory attendance of children lu public schools. (living to State Board of Education certain authority over the enforcement of compulsory attendance of children between fourteen and sixteen years of age. Chap. 36^ May 2, 1905. 535. Connecticut: Amending kco_4705, Ceneral Statutes, tm»2, relating to cer- * tlficates of age of employed chi Wren. ^ t. ranting to State Board of Education authority to investigate and issue age certificates to foreign-t>orn children. ' ‘ ^ * ' " Chap. 115. June 6, 1905. 536. Delaware^: Providing for the regulation of the employment of .children. Prohibiting after .Inly 1, 1905, employment of minors under 14 years of age in any manufacturing establishment. Minors lieriveen 14. and 16 to’be employed only after having attended sqhool for twelve consecutive weeks during preceding -twelve months. Provisions for age eerti flea tea. < Chap. 123," Apr. 18, 1905. 537. Kansas :* Prohibiting child labor in certain employments and- regulating » * employment of fiilDom under sixteen years of age in other occupations. Providjng for the Issuance of age certificates by school authorities. ; Chap. 278,’ Feb. 22. 1905. 538. Louisiana : Proposing amendment to Art. 210, Constitution 1808, relating to eligibility for public office, to permit appointment of factory Inspectors provided for by Act No. 34, June 29. 1900, Vote Nov. 4, 1908. \ . ^ Act. No. 13 (Joint Resolution), June 22, 1906. o39. Louisiana : Relating to the employment of children, young itersons, and women. * ’ - Dogulatlng the employment pf children, young persons, and women In certain cases In cities and towns of 10,000 or more imputation. ; Providing for factory In* r ors, Penalties for violation of act to bte paid into partslf school fund. ■ * Act No, 84, June 29; 1906 (Jan. 1.1907). 540. Maine: Amending sec. 40, chap, 15, Revised Statutes, 1903, relating to the ; compulsory attendance of tfttfdren. Absence of one-half day or more constitutes violation of act Sec. O^Chap. 48, Mar, 11, 1900. ii^ b. ' . r-T I,. - a*. ^ PT 96 STATE SCHOOL BY8TEM8 : LEGISLATION, 1904-6. K-.-n *“• n A ^ DdJ » g r°- "• Chap - 1Cl Rey,8e<1 8tatn ^ 190 «. relating to duties of truant officers. * Sec. 10; Chap. 48, Mar. 11, 1908. M ^ E ; A T“ dlDg ^ “■ thap ' IR * ReT,8e<1 Statutes. 1903. relating to pen- alty for abetting habitual truancy. • Ml , Sect 11, Chap. 48, Mar. 11,. 1906. ' a m “ emilnK ** **• cha P' 1r >- Revised Statutes. 1903, relating to duties of town truant officers. ' ~ . * Giving truoDt officers power to execute warrants Issued by courts. ^ kaa ii Spr ‘ ,2 - cha P- 48, Mar. 11, 1906. 044. Maeylakd; Amending see. 4. art. 100. Code 0 f Public General Laws. 1904 rehtt ng to employment of minors under 14 years of sfge and adding secs.' 0 to 13 to said article. T Providing for employment permits for children between the „«*. n t ,9 J chn P- W2. S»r, 30. 1906. (Sept 1, 1906.) Dg 8eC8 - 134, 140 ' “ nd H1 - oha P' Acts. 1004 (secs. 166, 107. and 168, Public General Uws. 1904). relating to compulsory school attendance of deaf children. Adding secs. 139a nnd 142 Chap. 23*5, Mar. 31, 1906. 640. Massachusetts : Amending sec. 31 v chap. 106, Revised Laws, 1902 as amended by sec. 1, chap. 432, Acts, 1904, relating to the approval of age and schooling certificates by superintendent or person authorized by school -committee. Chap. 21,3, Mar. 24, 1906. 647. Massachusetts;: Amending sec. 28, chap. 106, Revised Latfs, 1002. relating to the employment nnd whool attendance of minors. I Ph«P- 267, Apr. 0, 1006. ' 64a Massachusetts: Amondlng sec. 28. chap. 106, Revised Laws, 1902 as amended by chap. 2*7. Acta, 1006, relating to the employment and school attendance of minora^ “ ■ blll *y to *e» . • cjmp- 889, ms n,: not 8CH00J, POPULATION AND ATTENDANCE. 551. .Massachusetts : Amending see. 1, cbap. 44. Revised Laws. 1902. as amended by sec. 1, cbap. 320, Acts, 1905, relating to compulsory education. Adding the following proviso relating to defense for non-attendance: ^Pro- vided, however, That no physical or mental condition which , is capable of correction, or which renders the child a fit subject for special Instruction at public charge in Institutions other than the public dAy schools, shall avail as a defense under the provisions of this section 'unless It shall be made to appear t lint the defendant has employed all reasonable measures for the correction of the condition, or the suitable Instruction of the, child " (p. !i59). * ' . Chap. 383, May 11, 1906. * 552. Ma SHAcm : setts : Amending sec. .1. chap. 44. Revised Ijivvn, 1902, relating to school attendance. Attendance made compulsory for “every child under sixteen years of age" * who cannot read at sight and write legibly simple sentences In the English language." * . ' # Chap. 320. Apr. 21. ’1905. (Jan. 1. 1906.) ’ 553. Michioan : Amending sec. *2, chap. 113, Public Acts. 1901, relating to em- ployment of children* Age u'ertlflcate to contain statement that child can rend and write the English language. Chap. 171, June 0, 1905. 554. •Michigan: Repealing secs. 4847, 484S, 4840. 4850. 4851. 4852, Complied llaxvs, 1897 (uo. 95, Public Acts, 1895). rstatliif^to compulsory education and enacting a substitute. Act No. 200; June 13, 1906. 555. Minnesota : Amending sec. 1. chap. 220, Laws. 1890. relating to the compul- sory education of children. Extending |>eriod of attendance from eight t6 sixteen to eight to eighteen. Chap. 205, Apr. 18.. 1906. 55p. • Missouri : *•* Enforcing the constitutional right of every child in the state to an education. 'to provide ‘for truant and parental schools and attendance officers In cities of ten thousand population or more, and to prohibit the employment of children during school hours." Cblldreu between eight and fourteen ^years of age. and children between four- teen and sixteen, if not actually and regularly employed, must attend not less than one-half entire time school is In session. Page 146. Apr. 11. 1906. 557. Nebkahka: Repealing, and reenact^ifg- with amendment, sec. 11298, Anno- tated Statutes, 1903, relating to compulsory education. Removing requirement that attendance during compulsory period shall be continuous. Minor revision of exemptions under act . Chap. 140, Apr. 3, 1906. 658. Ne^babka : Repealing, and reenacting with amendments, sec. 5383, Com- piled Statutes 1903. relating tewtruant officers. * ' Providing for appointment of trnant officers In cities and metropolitan cities and prescribing duties. * . Violations of compulsory education law In school districts, other than cities and metropolitan cities, to be reported by superintendents, principals, teachers, * * and members of board of education to county supeelntendeht, who acts as tru- . ant officer. Providing penalties: I Chap. 141, Apr. 4, 1906. j 18702 — Boll. Vo. a~<)7 7 | % . / 98 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS : ■ LEGISLATION , 1904—6. M0 ‘ N !I^ : ^ P, . eme ntl n « Chap ' h flrt 15 - Acts, 1903 (sp. seBB., Oct 15). relating to compulsory attendance. warrant^^uM* of . Chap. 188, Apr. 20, 1905. #8a *Z J Z EV \ tr endh,f! ReCR - ,M an<1 ^ <' h “P- 1. Acts. 1903 ( Bp. Oct. lo). relating to compulsory attendance and duties of truant officers. and provWhlK^tw^dty^ attendance, duality of Instruction receive. I, t Chap. >80. Apr. 20, 1905. 661. “ 9, 10, tit. 10. chap. 550, lawn relating to emu- New' York : Amending, in a minor manner, h * h * h . 5, Laws, 1894. ns amended by sundry sul.stsiuen’t pulsory education. 'I' '■"'“""i ronerrlii, ... Chap. 280. Apr. 22, 1905. 550, Consolidated School Law, - WM 5C2. New York: Amending sec. 0 . title 10 . chap. 1894. relating to arrest of truant*. .nen£T e ^ -d olber establish- Penalty for Kemiwf " * < * rtlfl "" M \ nn ' 1 of ehlldren employed. ^ Chap, .‘ill, Apr. 22, 1005. W3. Noeth Cabouna.' Compelling tlie attendance s.-luad of Indians resldln. In the ( herokoc llesorvatlon. minims, residing children; providing a peimltv for nurpnft^V F * exempting certnln achooh and authorizing nroner t °f { ?uar< * i,ul withholding child f 50111 attend school as hercln 8 pC.rll>e' s»S'r„;x2".,rr '*■“»<« « Sa* . „■», having transportation and for LS n cn f of <® n »Hdated schools for certain religious “ f montha to permit preparation of children . . - Sec. 7, Chap. 100, Mar. 13, 1905. 868 ' N S ™, A .r, A ; AmendlDg *”• ™- Revl ^ >809. as .mended In 1908, relating to prosecutions f 9 r violations of compulaory education law. Sec. 8, Chap. 100. Mar, 13, 1906. 868. Ou^ong Providing for the compulsory attendant* of children eligible for - " wh * re tu,t,on - w* *** — ssii z r . n Bhe<1 at toe e *P en *® Of the tJolted States. . .« re rar ■ O^p. 202, Feb. 22, 1906. ,*C ‘ . • ' ; •** , * ™v- ' * ^ * 1 - * ' i * , ** I 567 SCHOOL POPULATION AND* ATTENDANCE* 99 Oregon : Amending sec. 3. page 70, Laws, 1003 (Feb. 18), as to compulfory attendance of children at school, to read: 1 * w • “wr * * ■ f EC ' 4 - Attendance at school shall be compulsory upon all ohildrtti Iwtween the ages of eight nnd fourteen years in all cities, towns, and ) ' luges of the state t>? Oregon during the whole of the school term / in the city, town, or village in which the child resides, and upon all cluldrep in such city, towns, and villages lietween the ages (if fourteen/ and sixteen years who a^e not.emploved in some lawful work / * * • . . . Cliap. 208. Feb. 22, 1005. Amending chap. 335. Laws, 1001, relating to employment 508. Pennsylvania: of children. Pi milling tlmt <*crt I finite of nhitity tit rend nnd write English mnv l>e IssuM ^vswass g iz:;:' ~ * - ~ Gimp. 08. Apr. 10, 1905. iYL^A .►hi*. I ennsmTania : Prohibiting employment oft,, minor children, under 14 yijiirs (ff age, in or about anthracite coni mines or collieries ; regulating the employment of minors between 14 and 10. Providing for Issuance of employment and schooling certificates by common school* snt>erlntende»t and teachers. * ou Act No. 222. May 2, 1905 (Oct. 15. 1905). 570. * Rhode Island: Amending secs. 1, 3. 4. n nd 12. chap. 08. General Laws, 1896, relating to employment of children. Regulating the employment* of children under 13 years itefore Dec. 31 1900 s'! L i ,;7 l,rR ti« T ? ftor } Hh ' :lI ‘ ,000: 1 1 r< » v I ( 1 1 i i g for the Issuance of age and ujiu m 1 1 1 w 7^ ^ tU ^ b> H< U> ° (X ° Umilttee or I )er - q ° ns ‘Pil.v authorized by such * * Gimp. 1215. Mar. 9. 1905. . Oil. 1 KNNE8HKE : Providing (or .the comjtulsory attendance of children. Applies to only Union and Claiborne Counties (counties having umhu mint inn ^ imt lens than 12.81K. and not more than 12.1)00. and conn "a f\oM ^ t mS l "\ il " ot »«>« than 21, (KM)). Requiring (Consecutive attendance of four teen weeks for children between eight and fourteen years of age. Providing for school census and penalties for violation of (u-t. ^ , * rovmtng 0 (’hap. 483. Apr. 7. 1905. 572. * Ptaii : AmenoJg wh-s. UMi2 and IIKW, UevisiHl Statutes, 1898, relating to compulsory nttfmlame of children at n chooi. Increasing i>erlod of attendance from 8-14 to ,v-/<; ami from twenty to t/ifr/i/ weeks lq cities of the find and second classes. * ^ S(.*c. I. (*lnfp. 95, Mar/ll, 1905. 573. Vebmont : Amending aec. 7.10, Statutea, 1804. relating to appoint went of * truant officers. "■ , » trua'ru'offlcers, 8Chool ,K)nrd of Inatead of Jlcctoen or mayor, to appoint * . Act No. 38, Dec. 6, 1904. * 574. Vebmont : Amending secs. 711 and 116, Statute* 1894, relating to com- pulaory education. ' „ m< ?J! nua i Period of attendance frbm Ywenty-rix to twenty-eight at * endan 8P thru entire period during which ec*h^s be liy session. Proceeding^ and penalties In cases of violation. ' ** * Act No* 89, D$d. 1, 1^04/ ■4fe * * ’ , • P . :) *f lOO* STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS: LEGISLATION, 1904-6. 575. Vqmont : Amending see. 717, Statute*, 1894, relating to compulsory at- tendance. v ^ !? 0fl8eB destitution, that town shall fnrniRh clothing for eliil- tha * { ^f y mny nttend Bohool. Removing clause relating to the sending of children to Vermont Industrial School. “ ** N ■ Act No. 40, I >e(‘. 0. UXM. 570, Vermont: Amending see, 712 and regaling secs. 713' and 5140, statutes, 1KD4, relating to employment of children. Prohibiting employments children tinder 12 yen hi of iige In factories hiIIIh or workshop* or u* jinwwige carrier* ; those milder 15 year* of a K e durhig m'ihm.’i h ^H 8: .i th< i >8< ‘ ,lnde & 1 " >'**« " f <>«<* nnleuTaiich child ha* attended school 28 week* during current year. bucIj nttendanee to he eertMed-by schoor iiutlmrltiw. Act No. 155, Dec. 6, 1904. 577. *W ahiiinoton : Concerning the compulsory attendance of children between the ages of eight and fifteen years in the pub He schools : exceptions thereto. « Prohibiting i employment of children under tiftmi years of age during school term. Providing for attendance officers. their duties and ^mers. PrmWlngs n gainst truants. Annual reports to State Board of Education. Penalty for fail- ure of school and other offleers to i>erform duties. (-hap. 102, Mar. 1J. 1905. 57& West. Virginia : Adding hoc*. 32 to chap* 139, Acts, 1901, relating to, powers and duties of bflnrd of eduohtlon in city of Wheeling. Providing for compulsory ntteni)auoo of children between ages seven ninl am^or t !dXt l |oim IO ° l }P ‘' r! " ,tem . Inn<,< ' offlwr '<"<• ixm-ora and duties; |k-h- CHJrjr'.'to, Fch. (§opt. 1. 1905.) 570. Wm Viboinia; Amending sec. t. chn|i. 11, Lnw*. 1I&7. relating to the employ meat of children. ^ Extending the provisions to all mercantile establishments; prohibiting the employment of minora under the age of 12 years during school hour* ; prosecut- lug attorney to, enforce act. - p 1 , ^ Chap. 75, Feb. 25 580. Wisconsin : Uelutlng to iKnvcrs of triffilffy officers. Authorizing truancy o(flcers to visit places where minors are employed and to report illegal employment to school authorities and lal>or comm Iks I oner or factory Inspector. 4 "hap.* 240, May 25* 1005; 581. Wisconsin: Providing foi compulsory attendance of pupils between ages of 6 and 18 and eligible for entrance to special schools maintained ti|>on - reservations. by the United 8tates or the stHte of Wisconsin,' and provid- ing penalty for violation. * Chap. 330, June 10. 1005. ^ . toon. 1. 8CHOOL DISCIPLINE. (A) Central. / ^582. Ohio: Amending and adding to sec. 6810, Revised Statutes,' 1906 (see. 1, > * page 363, Laws, 1888), relating to baaing In educational Institutions. ^ * mls^meanor^ 4801 ^ 1 ^^^ 0 ^ 611 ^ know,n ^ r permitting hazing guilty 6f H. B. No, 114, Page 124, Mar. 28, 190& v ^ % V mm i SCHOOL iJlBOIFLINK. **(b) Corporal Punishment, 101 (c) Suspension and Expulsion. (d) Fire Drills. Ab n protective measure of continually growing Importance, particularly for the schools In cities, the Vtfrmout law relating to fire drills in. public aud private kcIi(K)Is Ih deemed to l>e of a type worthy of u more extended place In our 'legislation governing the control and conduct of schools. , * Section 1 . It shall be the duty of the principal or other person in charge of every public or private school or educational institution \ "'““"''K 1,1 uii- MiwiACM uuwiun; nine anu without confusion or panic. Such drills or rapid dismissals shall l>e held at least once in eacli month when said scjiools are in session. % Section 2. Willful neglect by any principal or other person in charge ofnfny public or private school oi^ educational institution to comply tfit)i the provision of this act, shall be a misdemeanor, pun- ishable, e^ch offense, by a fine of not more than twenty nor less than five (JpUhrs. Section 3. It shall t>e the duty of the school directors, trustees, or r other body of persons having control of the schools of any town or city, to cause a copy of this act to be printed in the manual or hanrf- lx>ok prepared for the guidance of teachers, where such manual is in use or may hereafter come in use. Section 4. The provisions of this act shall not apply to colleges and universities. Section. *5. This act shall. take effect January 1st, A. I). 190,5. Among the comparatively few enactments li? this flection are to t* found two which seem to fhcvrevlewer to be. of eminently progressive rauk : that of Massa- chusetts (588) providing for the appointment of school physicians, and that of Vermont (589) providing for tlfe medical Inspection of school children. Each of these measures alms to Introduce an clement In the control and management of public schools, the necessity of which has been already fully demonstrated. Their Influence upon the schools of these states wilt be watched with lutense interest by school officials and others having to do with general social welfare and progress. ■ ’ ‘ The three enactments relating to compulsory yacclhatlon, whAe not, perhaps, of^gfde general interest, form a part of a general protective policy, the legality orirhich has become firmly flxt In our American social. policy. 58T1. Vermont: Providing for fire drills in public and private schools. Act No. 47. Nov. 14. 1904 (Jan. 1, 1905). ). HEALTH, REGULATIONS. a Sfciflrrfli T 102 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS : LEGISLATION, 1804-6. T*) General. 884. Mabbachubettb: Amending Beo. 6. cUap. H . Kef-lsed Laws. 1902. relating • o he exclusion from the public schools „f „„,,ll« who have |*cn exposed to Infectious or contagious dlaeMKe. ' . KO . * 371, Miiy X. 190U. 888. New Jersey: Amending s*, 121. chap. 1. Acts. 1903 La. Oct ,r,» . relating to exeltiKlon of teuchers ami pupils from scIkh.I account of disease. v .war- ssorvOtsawr ♦ « ' v 10-4, Apr. 1 LT. liHX;, 580. South Caeol.ma: Authorizing city or .tows to pass vaccination ordinance °v " t “‘ ! , ” r refuaal state board of health may net. . Compulsory vac- • dnation of school children. J - , Chap. 4:M. Fell. 22, 1906. 587. Vieoinia: Amending sec. 141W, Code. 1004, relating to exclusion from the public free schools of | Hysons with contagious diseases or who have not v- ^ been, vaccinated. (I^vlowly 0 tWrlA^tayHTrter 'cnLmr'o n^K^tSTl! 1 P ‘" ,llN Wlt,,ln Chai.. 248, Cage 442. Mar. 15, UHsl. \ (b) Physical Examination and Medical Inspection. . 688. * Mabbachuhettb: Providing for the tip, .ointment of school physicians* • rl E ™ N 1 i'x rh ^ *; h ° o1 committee of every city and town in- the Commonwealth shall appoint one or more school physicians, shall assign one to each public school within its city or town, and shall provide them with all proper facilities for. the -performance of their diitms as prescribed by this aqt : Provide <1 however , That in chic : wherein the board of health is alreudy maintaining or shall hereafter bnard^nf flSVvF medi ? 1 «* & «<* £gSX board of health shall appoint and assign the school physician ' tinn^u!l°d- 0 2 ' Ev . er y school physiciafi shall make a prompt examina- dia ^™J s ° faI1 ch 'l d . ren referred to himashereinafter pro- vided, and such further examination of teachers, janitors and school buildings as in his opinion the protection of the healtPof the pupils may require. i r v 'Section 3. The school committee shall ‘cause to be referred to a SLtel ” examination and diagnoses every child returning .to school withoiU a certificate from the board of health aftc&absem! on account of illness or from unknown cause; and every child in the schools under its jurisdiction who shows signs of being in ill health * ™ of supTing from infectious or contagious disease, -unless he is at on<3B Excluded from school by the teacher; except that in the case of ‘u r T° te * nd ,8olated situations the school committee may ’ Skid! 011 ° ther amn *' ernentsas may bestfearry out.thq purposes of J V The ®®bo°l- committee shall cause notice of the disease or defects, if any t from which .any child ia found to be sufferi% to be to sent to his parent or gunnlinrh*- Whenever a child shows symptoms of ^snmllpox. scarlet fever, measles, chicken pox, tulHTrulosis.^liphtheria. or influenza, tonsilitis, whooping cough. mumps, scabies or trachoma, lie shall lie sent. home immediately, or as soon’ ns safe and proper con- veyance can be found, and the* board of health shall at once be notified. ‘ . ' - Section f>. The school committee of every city and town shall cause every child in the public schools to l>e separately and carefully tested and examined at least once in^ every school year to ascertain whether lie is suffering from defective sight or hearing or from any other dis- ability or defect tending to prevent his receiving the full benefit of his school work, or Requiring a modification of the school work in order to prevent injury to the child or to secure the liest educational results. 1 lie tests of sight and hearing shall lie made hv teachers, i he Hoftuuittce shall cause notice of any defect or disability reoidriii treatment to Ix^stpit to the parent or giumliafrof the chile), androa] require a physical record of each child to lx; kept in such form as the State Board of Education shall 'prescribe. ' Section ( 5 . The State Board of Health shall prescribe the direc.- tions for tests of -sight and hearing and the State Board of Education shall, after consultation iyith the .State Board of Health, prescrilx* and furnish to school committees suitable rules of instruction, test cards, blanks, record books and other useful appliances for carrying out the purposes of this act, and shall provide tor pupils in the nor- mal-schools instruction and practice in the , best methods of testing the sight and hearing of children. The State Board of Education may expend during the year nineteen hundred and six a sum not greater than fifteen hundred dollars, and annually thereafter a sum not greater than five hundred dollars for the purpose of supplying the muter ini required by this act.. Section 7. The expense which a city or town mav incur by virtue of the. authority herein vested in the school* committee or board of health, as the case may be, shall not exceed the amount appropriated for thiB purpose in cities by the city council, and in towns oy a town meeting. The appropriation shall precede anv expenditure or any indebtedness which may lie incurred under tins act, and the sum appropriated shall be deemed a sufficient appropriation ijj thq munici- pality where it is made. Such appropriation need not specify to what section of the act it shall apply, and may be voted as a total appropri- ation to be applied in carrying out the purposes of the act. . Section 8. This act shall take effect- on the first day of Septeinlier in the year nineteen hundred and six. * # • Chap. 502, June 20, 100(1. * m * > 580. • Vermont : Providing for medical Inspection of nohool children. Section 1. The state board of hdMth and the superintendent of education shall prepare or cause to be prepared suitable test fords, blanks* record books and other needful appliances to be used in test- ing the sight «nd hearing of pupils in public scliools and necessary > instructions for their use; and the superintendent of education shall furnish the Same, free of expense, to every school infthe state. The superintendent^ principal or teacher, in every school, during the month of September each year, shall test the sight- and hearing all pupils under. his. charge and keep a record of such examination according - to, the ua^uctions furnished, and shall notify 'in writing the paten* * v " '■*' ^ .*->■' > ' , ' . * Jk ■ *•* T , 104 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS : LEGISLATION, 1904r-6. 9T guardian of every pupil v^ho shall be found to have anv defect of vision or hearing, or disease of eyes or ears, with & brief statement of Adi defect or disease; and shall make written report of all such examinations to the superintendent of education as he may require. * Section 2. The state auditor is hereby directed to draw his order on the dtate treasurer^for-such sums* and at such times as the superin- tendent of education, with the approval of the state board of health* may require to carry out the provisions of this act The total ex- pense under this act shall not exceed six hundred dollars in' any bien- nial terpi ending June thirtieth. * Section 3. This act sh^JJ take effect July 1, ^905. Act No. 45. Nov. 17. 1904 (Jnl.v'l, 1905). K. TEXT BOOKS AND SUPPLIES. Of legislation concerning text-books and Supplies, tbe enactments in the following states are worthy of note: Indiana (590), relating to the frequency of revisions of text-books nsed In the public schools and the authority of th% State Board of School Book Commissioners to cancel contracts; Missouri (593). abolishing tbe School Book Commission created In 1897; Connecticut (001), requiring a vote to be taken upon tbe question of free text-books; and Virginia <0O2>, providing tor tbe state adoption of text books. Tbe enactment in New York (604), relating to misrepresentations in tbe sale of school text-books and supplies, and that In Oklahoma (506). relating to schoolbook and supply mo- nopolies, are likewise measures of more than local Importance. N (a) General. WO. Ikiuana: Amending sec. 13, chap. 93, L mu. 1893. as amended by Laws. 1901, relating to the revision of and contracts for text-books used In tbe common schools. Limiting required revisions to not oftener than ten years excepting copy books, histories, and geographies, revision period of which may be five years. Granting State Board of School Book Commissioners power to cancel any con- tract at expiration of five years, by two-thirds vote. Chap. 95. Mar. 4. 1906. 691, Iowa : Amending sec. 2828, Code, 1897, relating to tbe frequency of the pub, 11 cation of bids for text-books. M Once each week for three consecutive weeks ” Instead of " for three consecu- tive weeks” ■ Sec. 4, Chap. 9, Apr. 10, 1906. 602. Maktlatu): Repealing, and reenacting with antendments, see *09, art * entitled " City of Baltimore,” Code, Public Locrt s U*w^09i; relating to tha, Board of School Commissioners. , - Board to oonforra to charter provisions regarding tbe awarfe of contracts to r .-text-books, stationery, and furniture. P ■ ■'. > • ■ Chap. 107, Mar.>l«, lbo& W* Miwoimi: BsmSubc sect. 9069 to 9902, Inclusive, art 7, 154* Be*, $ ” p ! V *toatutoA 1809 (Laws, 1097, p. 22), abolishing tbe School Book Com- . t ■ ¥1*1™ created thtjlyr * JS& 3 106 / TEXT- BOO KB AND SUPPLIES. 59G. New Yobk : Adding sec. 16. tit 1. Consolidated School Law. 1894. making it a misdemeanor to misrepresent in the sale of school supplies to any board of trustees, board of education, public school teacher, or to the representatives of any state educational office. * Chap. 58. Mar. 15, 190ti. North Cabouna:: Promoting the production and publication^ schoolbooks relating to. history, literature, or government of North Carolina. Appropriating $5,000 per annum for the years 1005 and 1906. to be used by the State Board of' Education Uh encouraging the production of -schoolbooks relating to the history. .literature, or government ot North Carolina ; authorizing selection of committee to examine manuscripts: payment of expenses and com-* jamsatlon of committee. Board of Education to fix prices at which books shall t>e sold to school children. Proceeds of sales to go to school fund. * Chap. 707. Mar. 4* 1905, 596. Oklahoma: Providing for the regulation of the sale of schoolbooks and school supplies. Prohibiting trusts and combinations dealing in schoolbooks and school sup- plies. Providing penalties for violations. Chap. 33. Art 11. Mar. 4, 1906. 597. South Carolina : Relating to convenient depositories for common school books. Providing that the county superintendent of education locate a reliable de- l»ository in each township lu each county for common school books. Books .to be deposited with said depository and ahld at not exceeding ten per oeut above their cost. % Act No. 441. Feb. 22. 1905. 598. 1’tah : Aovldlng for a special tax levy for text-books. See No. StO. * 699. Virginia : Repealing sec. 1501. ('ode, 1904. relating to frequency of change of text-books. (The conteut of this section Is reenacted in the nmendment to sec. 1433. relat- ing to duties of State Board of Education.) Chap. 248, Page 432. Mar. 15. 1906. 000. Wisconsin-: Amending sec. 440. Statutes. 1R9H, rein ting to choice nnd change of text-books in common schools. Removing provision regarding authorisation of majority of legal voters of district before district board may change text-books; and provision regarding excepting districts, furnishing free text-books. Chap. 443, June 16, 1905. (b) Fres»Text- Books. * 601. Connecticut: Towns at annual meeting of 1905 to decide # by vote tbe ques- tion of pn»vtdtnj^6*ee text-lwoks und other school supplies. Makes permissive action granted hy sec. 2135, General Statutes. 1902, obliga- tory for 1905. Chap, 174, June 29. 1905. (c) UtiiAfttilty of Text-Books. 602. * Vxminia : Amending sec. 1433, Gqde, 1904, as amended by chap. 101, Acta, 1954, relating to duties of State Boaod of Education. Providing for state adoption of text-books for a period not longer than four' yeara. Extending power of investment of literary fund so aa to Include dis- trict school bond* Ofc»p.|48, pp. 48S-4M, Ho. U, U06.? 106 BTATE SCHOOL 8YSTEM8 : LEGISLATION , 1904-fi. L, SUBJECT MATTER OF INSTRUCTION. r thl hl |n? e ° f * leRlH,uti011 to direct In n definite way tbe content measure*. Of thlsf'T *" 8dl0 ° l8 tbere ftre « uuinber of imiK>rtmit * * * * 11 P'ucrtil nature, tlie .followlug might Ih* mentioned Kan*,, <*e>. g.v.UK to the State Board of MiK-at'lol! fcT^vhth '"T ' , , St " ,e "° une 0t Htu,lv: ° re *'"' <"<*>• establishing u.,1- th ™ * htb *™ de «»u>lnatlonH and creating county boards for tbe conduct of these examination,. Of those relating ,o patriotism and the study of .oc,d „tc h^ory . Arhanaaa and South Carolina (00,1). as well as ,^1" .!? (tirv-t \ ° f ,ll XT,: S' ,M b ^ ? k0,a ( " 09) ,,n,, SoU,h I)lU£0t1 ' «»»>• Of those relating to humane education: North Dakota (,1121. Oklahoma and Pennsylvania re i!one r ,^ e , m08t . lmPOrtUnt ° f the enttrtment “ »' 'his connection arc those relating to elementary manual and Industrial training, especially those of aJTSL.T: IT ,K!2K Tb ° — ' -«■ t-onunlssJI on .o^rla! zr b :T^rr u ut , tuat 8t,,te i - s ,m< ‘ ° f ,ii “ ‘•vents, 0 f t J 6?0?' Iowa 61-, ?,?,T "f 8lK,,lfl< UUee UUd «"«"*"«■. Arizona lullin'., ., ' ‘ JerSey (U24MI - r ‘) each seek through appropriate legislation t6 make their public school systems contribute to the LlntllnTf the problem of technical and Industrial efficiency of the (a) General. • Sec. 12, Chap. 633, Mar. fl, 1906. ** ^ ? T em ° f " n,form «'K»tb-grade examination, ter ^l. e 0 .. HV ! COmp,eted the pl " hth Wade In acordanc* with the pro- visions of the state course study, mid for the Issuance of certificates «amlSeT *" * n,d “- (,rPfltlnft «"“* hoards of e, ghtf, -grade Ohflii, 7B, Feb, lfi, 1905. m" wlSSrir S' appar*Bt. aDd "" ° f ,0W * 8u ^Coort glren • l SUBJECT MATTER OF INSTRUCTION, (b) History, Civics, and Patriotism. 107 ttofi. Arkansas : Relating to tile study of Arkunsus history and the promotion of the spfrlt of patriot ism in tilt* public hcIiooIk. Sec. 1. That the 19th of January, the birthday of Robert Edward Lee, shall be observed in all the public schools of this state as a day for patriotic exercises ami the study of the hi story and achievements of Arkansas men. Sec. % The state superintendent of nublic instruction is hereby au- thorized to prepare and publish nnnuallv for use in all the schools of the state, a programme of exercises, dealing with events in the life * of General I^ee and other distinguished Southern men, giving atten- tion also to the achievements and work of eminent men who have served this State in civil and military life. Sec, #1. It shall lx* the duty of county examiners, city superintend- ents, and principals of schools to aid In carrying on this work, and they shall arrange the exercises of their various schools in accordance with the provisions of this act. Art y. :tT), Kell. 14. 100ft. ttoO. • S6 utii Carolina: I’ruvUllug for the celebration of Murch 18th as South Cnrollilfl day In the public nchools. , Art No. IS. Keli. 17. \mi r (r) Physical Education. UU7 . Pennsylvania: Amending hoc. 1. rbnp. 14ft. Liuvk. 188ft, ns amended by Act of Mny 21, 1805. am] Art of Keli. 21. 1001 (hoc, 144, p. 147, Bright- Icy h Digest, JHW-mmj, relating to the establishment of mechanic art Mmols In cities of the second and third claw and Inmniglm mid township of the first chins. * * Permitting establishment of schools for Instruction In cifh/crics, in addition to other subjects. Section 1. That in every city of the second class the central Umrd of education, and in every city of the third class the board of school controllers, and in every Inirough and township of the first class the Liard of school directors, shall have power to establish and maintain one or more schools for the instruction of pupils in the use- ful 1) ran dies of the mechanic arts, athletics, and kindred subjects, to provide the necessary buildings, machinery, apparatus, and materials and to employ teachers and instructors therefor. Act No. M, Mar. 24, 190f>. 008. Massachusetts: Relating to tlie authority of school commit tee over public school athletic orgAplsations, Section 1. The school committee nmv supervise and control all nthletic organizations compost'd of pupils of the public schools and liearing the name of the school. * Section 2. It may directly or through an authorized representative determine. under whit conditions such organization may enter into competition with similar organizations in other schools. Chap. 251, Apr. 5, 1908. if ERiC 108 BTATB BCHOOL STSTKMf : LEGISLATION, 1904-6. (d) Physiology; Hygiene; Alcohol; Narcotics. 4 009. North Dakota: Amending sees. (M« and 750, Revised Code. 1899, relating to the teaching of physiology and hygiene and the nature and effect of . alcoholic drinks and other narcotics in public schools. V Von^il^n 8 . 8 ^r UUt “ f ! lnie 10 devoted to., Instruction from text-books: Pour lessons per week for ten weeks for nil pupils Mow jhlgb school and weeks. th Kr ' l ' ,e ' mber lower * ruU e" three oral lessons jir week for ten A „ * . C*h»p. HMI. Mh r, 15 , 1905 . 610, South Dakota: Providing for systematic Instruction ns to unsafe of alco- holic drinks ami narcotics uud their effect uj)bu the human system to all pupils In all public schools. Adequate text-hooks to. 1* provided. After July *1. likHI. exumliiatlon lu 1 JSJJ? au *! h y*^" e ’ wab. special reference to effect of alcoholic drinks, rertlflAtes granted rCOt C * UP °" the humflu H - VHteui If taken for all teachers' _ (’hup. W5, Mar, 0, 1005. (e) Moral and Ethical Education. dll. VianiNiA : Amending see^HOT. Ccslc. 1904. relating to subjects to l,c taught In public free mcIiooIh. Providing for moral education. 1 (’Imp, 1*48, Page 445, Mar. 15, 1 J M Hi. (f) Humane Treatment of Animals: G12. North Dakota’ Providing for the teaching of tin* Inmnvne treatment of animals In the public schools. XT 1 !!* That there shall lie taught in the public schools of liakota, m addition to the other branches of studVMiow pre- scribed,'^ system of study of the humane treatment df animals; such instruction shall be oral and to consist of not less than two lessons of ten minutes each per week 1 . Thd principal or teacher of every school shall certify in each of his or her reports that such instruction has been given m the school under his or her control. , Chap. 108, Mar. 6, 1905. 618. 6ki*ahoua : Providing for n scheme of ethical and Immune education for the public schools. • " v«2i n « e Jl ftl K h0Ur °5 w **’ thruout w*™* terra, to be devoted to touching ** humane treatment, and protection of nnlraalH. f Prohibiting vivisection* . Cbap. 83, Art. 12. Mar, 4, 1005. 6 lli ftomiTivAiviA : Providing for a system of humane education, to Include Itynd treatment of birds and anlmalaT In the public schools. «JS52?i? h,n .!l5 e * W . en for half bonr Per week thru first four grade*, and to°My publl^^ooL nt,i UP ° n Tln< ereature * M demonstration* In physiology . * Act No. 41, Mar. 27, 1906. .. ■ V ■ SUBJECT MATTER OF INSTRUCTION. * (g) Music. ' (J15. Arizona : Amending sec. 1. Act No. 46. Law* .1903. relating to employment of teachers of music and drawing.* P rov,8i0U8 of act so ns to Include any school district (previously districts having population of one thousand or more) . Chap. 12, Feb. 21, 1905. (h) Drawing. (i) Elementary Technical, Madual, and Industrial Training. did. * Arizona: Providing for instruction In science In the public schools. - manual training and domestic Empowering hoards of school trustees of districts having two hundred or more children of school age to employ special teacher*; cotfrse of* study to be approved b$ Territorial Board of Education; special tax lew for support; Iree tuition to resident pupils. .’ Chap. 20. Mar. 3, 1905. 017. Iowa: Adding section to chap. 4, title 13 of the Code, 1897, relating to ” state college of agriculture and mechanic arts. Providing for the establishment of a department of ceramics, at the state college of agriculture and mechanic 4 arts, * * ,• for the technical and practical education of clay workers, cement manufacturers and users, and# either allied pu rati Its In all branches of those arts which exist In this state or which can be profitably Introduced and maintained In this state from the mineral resources thereof * * •" (sec. Providing also for the Investigation and, testing of clays and other mineral resources. Chap. 124, Apr. 10, 1906. 018. Kentucky: Appropriating $20,000 for. Industrial training for colored per- sons and for completing girls’ dormitory and providing water for ordinary use and tire protection at Kentucky Normal Industrial Institute. * * . * The providing for industrial training to the end that (he colored youth of the commonwealth may be trained into industri- ous habits and useful trades. * * ♦ Chap. 56. Mar. 20, 1906. 619. Ixu.iisiana : Proposing amendment t Commission Jff”!* 1 - 1 «l«n«l ml ,.U,er SIS”. ™*1 may incur such reasonable expenses, including traveling expenses as may bo authorized bv the governor and council. Before incurring any expense the commission shall from time to time csti,nate !ts For the! aniOUnt and s, I ,bm,t the estimate to the governor and council for then- approval, and no expense shall be incurred bv thi roSSS sha l^rt \tlTT S °i ( '' Stlmale,i 11,1(1 “PP«>ved. The commission ' to ,ko e enern ! court on or before the second Wednesday of January, in the year nineteen hundred and six, with such rea,m S tas for le g ls, ntion as it may deem expedient. The powers of the commission shall terminate on the said second Wednesday in l^ the^ii ffJi^nt C< ^nrf^r 0I V Sh j'n inv f* ig,Ut ' the needs f(,r education - /iJiferent grades of skill and responsibility in the various ndustr.es of the Commonwealth. They ‘shall invest ga e how far the needs are met by existing institutions, and shall a.nsicier what new forms of educational. effort may be advisable, and shall make such investigations as may be practicable through printed reports and fl ilh m ?, ny T°T f as t0 educational work doSehv other states, by the United States government, and bv foreign gover meat* There may be exuded from the treasury of the Cmnm ,™tli a sjhKsf-te £r! ttrJrsc: & cr,; .ny'moir !,f “ IfewilveH, elm,,, m. May 24, 1905. 022. •MAMACHl’SKTra: Kepe, g in. ,4 yj. |{evlso,l Laws. 1002. relating to Industrial schools, mid providing «for the establishment of the Com- nilsslou on Industrial Ilduc.il Ion. on basis of amount raised by local taxation fir sup^rt of ^ls ,,lJ tlon offers dei,nrtn,ent f " r »*•««•. &05, Juuo 21, 1000. 023. Mikuisota: Providing for the establishment, organization, and mainte- nance of county schools of agriculture nnd domestic science. ' oreof^,^' 8 T* ** e*‘«bllshed by county commissioners j.pon vote bv olect- annual expendlture°*» 0^ r * rrMU 68 IIU,y , UrU, f f ° r such Punwse. Maximum in* Z ** control. Prov.d- Chap. 314. Apr. 19, 1906. 834. New Jibsiy: Providing for short courses In practical and sclentlflc agrl- culture In state agricultural college. Making general appropriation of *24,000 for Initial establishment ,and annual appropriation of $6,800 for * Bpbciax, types of school. 1. The trustees of the state agricultural college of New Jersey be and they are hereby, required to establish in said state agrbulturai college a department which shall provide short courses in apiculture equipped and designed for the practical education of students in both general and specific lines of farming. 001,1 nik S ^r. de ^ Partmenf shall offer, special instructions to students on sods, crops, fertilizers, manures, drainage, farm machinery farm building, breeds of live stock, stock judging, animal disehsks and remedies: proi.ct.on and handling of mill aid cream, the nufnufac ture of butter ahd cheese; the growth of fruits, berries, management of orchards, martket garden and vegetable crops, and insects infurious to the various pfcnts, diseases of plants; animal nutrition, including n h ert'«hiht f i 0ragt “ cro P s ’ - c , eroal fine feeds, and all other matteif pertaining to general and specific lines of farm practice 'V ;“'Li Ppn ^ n “ nt sh f! Provided with suitable 'buildings for ■ took judging butter innking.Nnilk testing, and lecture rooms; said b i ding shall be equipped with the necessary apparatus and ma- ^c"ion\wo r Carry ’ ng ° Ut the S ^ Cifil ' instruc ) ion Provided for in Chap. 55. Mnr.'25, 1005. «25. New Jersey : Amending wtf. 1. chap. 1G4, Acts, lSSl'. relating to the eetab- - IlHhineiit of Industrial school* Increasing maximum annual state aid from $5,000 to $7,! (^hnj>. 20. Mar. 20. 190(5. <52T»a. Wisconsin : Amending sec-. 447. Statutes, ISOS, relating to the curriculum of the public schools. ^ Providing for the teaching of -the elements of agriculture in district schools. Chap. 158. May 3, 1905. t (j) -Days for Special Observances. <520. Arkansas: EstHbllfiblng Arbor Day. First Saturday hi March. Act No. 209. Apr. 25. 1905. 027. < onnkcticut: Amending lU\ 2140. (ienmil Statutes, 1902. relating to flag- ilay oxercises. governor to designate, by annual prorlai/mtion. June Hth as King Day. Chap. 140. June 16 1905. (It) Other Special Subjects, M. SPECIAL TYPE8 OP SCHOOL. The legislation relating to special types of school reveals a continued tendency to extend the activities of public education so as to reach all classes. This Is evident particularly from the enactments, concerning public lectures and agri- cultural Institutes. Florida. (628a) takes a forward step In the establishment of kindergartens In certain communities. The status of the kindergarten as a tart of the public school system of the state has been Ailed Into question in deci^ 6 (fl88) ^ Suprraw °° urt of that «tate baa rendered an advene i 'Mate school systems: legislation, 1904-6. (a) General. (t>) Kindergartens. 62a California: Status of klndergnrtens a h a part of the public school system of the state. / Los Angeles County v. Kirk, as Par. 250 (Dec. 27. 1905). Sec A T o. tlHa. 628a. Florida: Providing for the establishment of kludergnrtens In commu- nities guaranteeing attendance of 25 pupils and also providing for the qualification* of the teachers thereof. Chap. 5387 (No. 16). May 31, 11*05. (c) Evening Schools. * (d) Vacation Schools. k; ■ (e) University Extension; Public? Lectures. 629. Indiana Granting to municipal patk commissioners power and authority permit the use of any reasonable portion of any public patk for Chautauqua assembly purposes. '' ‘Funds derived to be used for park improvements or charitable putposes. Chap. 77. Mar. 3, 1905. 630. Massachusetts : Authorizing city of Boston to maintain a Franklin Union similar to Cooper Union of New York. Bonds for $100,000 to be Issued for site; managers to erect and equip building. Chap. 448, May 24, 1906. Jfcl. Wisconsin: Amending sec. 1, chap. 336. Laws, 1901, authorizing boards of education In cities to provide free public lectures on natural science and kindred subjects. Extending provisions so as to Include board of school directors; historical, literary, and other educational subjects; and pubtic library buildings. Remov- ing other limitations. . Chap. 125, Apr.. 29, 1905. (f) Fanners' Institutes, etc. t inia: Appropriating $12,000 to the University of California -for the of holding farmers’ Institutes. Chap. 251, Mar. 18, 1905. 633. Nkuubka: Authorising county commissioners to expend $100 per year for local expenses In connection with farmers' institutes. Chap. 3, Mar. 26, 1005. 684. Nostn Dakota : Amending secs. 2 and 4, chap. 172, Laws, 1901, relating to farmers’ Institutes. °* Institutes from 40, to 60; decreasing expenditure from $8,000 to $8,000 annually. Chap. 28, Mar. 15, 1905. SECONDARY EDUCATION. U& 635. Oino : Amending sec. 3. page 33: l. Laws. 1800, relnting to payment of ex* I wises of Dinners' institutes, % Page 307. Apr, 2, ltKKJ. Ohegon : Authorizing nimual appropriation of $2.7,000 for agricultural In- stitutes at Ntnte agricultural college. < ‘hap. 3-1. IVb, 2d, MMM. s,,t ™ ]>akota: Authorizing exiM*nditures by count?- of $200 for exis-nses . of annual uniting of fanners 1 institute. - Chap, IjjftrMnr. 3. HMI7, n.tS, Sorm Dakota: Authorizing annual expenditure of $3, non for farmers* in- stitutes. r ‘** Chap. HO. Mar, 3. 1007. (g) Private and Endowed Schools, 0J10, Ohio; Amending see. -4107, Revised Statutes. 1007 (see, 3. page 33, Laws, IX. dl ) , relating to certain specially cndowml schools or academies. Providing such school or academy? is not connected with am* religious sect, district iMtanl of education may contract wiili .hoard of ‘trustees’ for the lust rue- tJou of chlldreu of district ami may contrilmte-townrd maintenance of such scIhhm or academy. Proviso ns to continued nonsectarlau charncter of school or academy, I!. It. No, -4 IS, Page 20d, Apr, 2, 1000. (i-40, Pennsylvania: Supplementing sec. HI, no. -400, Laws. 1N< 12. relating to the conveyance*, of school property to brtnrd of school directors by academies Sand seminaries. Permitting sale of property acquired by ler r 41 , •. * - v a*rms of act of 1X62 and providing for the employment o| purchase nione.v by school directors. Act No, AS, Mar, 2-1, 1007, N. SECONDARY EDUCATION; HIGH SCHOOLS AND ACADEMIES. 1 ^e** lt<*vliM\v,f State Aid to Secondary Schools, p. ni l * lint luis id the previous discussion upon state aid to secondary . education as to the development of high schools mid academies, finds further continuation from the legislation classified In this section. Aside from the . question of support, file attitude of tlje various states In this matter has been expressed by a number of enactments which aim to extend better opportunities, for a high school education. From the following list, those of Kansas (48h Maine (*40). New Hampshire (072. 673. 63-4>. North rnroiina (677). Pennsyb vaula (650-677). and Vermont (07S) might be selected us indicating continued interest and progress, . ▲ The decision of the Kansas Supreme Court isee pages 1-41-147) roemiiirinteH u ^ card! uni principle o£tho educational policy of the American iM*op)c, (See Bert Ion R. Enactments 240-231. for special stale aid to high scIickiIs.) 641. Arkansas: Memorializing Congress to grant block one hundred nnd four- teen of the government reservation of Hot Springs, Arkunsas, to the "* speclul school district qf Hot Springs, ^kansas, for a high school sit?. ■ * JSeii- Sn. Ees. No. 2, Mar. 14, 1905. 11)772— Bull. No. 3 — 07— — 8 - " 'M 114 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS: LEGISLATION, 1904-6. * California : Amending see. 1071. Political Code./ 1903, relating do estab- lishment of county high schools.. Validating prior establishment of high schools mid defining time* of legal establishment. * ^Chap. 555, Mar. 21, 1905. 043. Illinois: Amending amended sec. :w. art. 3. page 2.*W, Laws. 1889, relating to township high schools, •• f ()r elections for township high schools in townships containing political towns” divided -by navigable si reams. Page 386. Apr. 29. 1905, 044. Illinois: Providing for the organization of high school districts of school districts having population s.ooO-joo.ooo, Page 374. May 1*2. 190,7. WO. Indiana: Amending see, 1. chap 222. Laws. 1889.” relating to donations 1 for county high schools. Permitting acceptance of gifts of value of $20.1 N Ml m' counties than 25,000 iK>pu lat Ion : others $:to,(N mi. having less Chap. 10. Keh. 17. 1 !MIT>. 040. Iowa: Kehitlng to the terms of office of trustees of county high schools. * - Srr Vo 647. Kansas: Rei>eulhig. and reenacting with amendments, sec, Chap. ]!>. Kdi. 1 r». Xkw ll.\ \ j csi 1 1 it k : Providing for the discontinuance or relocation of a high M-ho(tl only t.y the Superior i’mirl. ui>oii jH*titinii of school hoard of town district. Chap, lit), Keh. 15, P.M»5. X,:u 1 ] a M)‘sm i in: : Uoiiuivinu towns in which there is a high school to raise and appropriate caeh year suilicicnt money projierly to maintain such si'lji Ktl. m - f Cl nip. 715 Mar. P, 11)05. *■ IIami-mimci-;; Aiiicmlmg^iee, h chap. ltd. I.aws.J'HH. as amended by ' Il:, P‘ 1 **■ Caws, I'.KKi. re Mu hi g tu/iigh school tuition for pupils residing in towxv lierc high srhufiH^-m \un inta iiml. * Seiiool distriet -may contract with and appropriate nnmcv I m* other IHtnirii institution* in the state, in addition *m ' dM riot. . " v i any high school* academies in the Chap, !Hi> Mar. It), 1005. * 11 Xoimi Caiiou.na: Helming ‘*o the establishment of township high schools, sidKlitutin- for see. 7<», chap. 1. haws. P.hii. as amended hy see. 23. ehnp.< Caws. I'.MH. aud 'repealed hy see. l.'l. chap: 51 to. Caws. Ihp5. rrovi.liiiu' lor s|.c,- jji I Hpt-linns upon |m-i it i< >11 ..f .ii*.-rminli ..f rt-foln .I.lors and :i|>|.ro\ :■ i ui nmnly I mar. I of nlnnitiuii for social tax of one to three niilN. < realms township high school committee. Crescrihlnu' powers, duties, and (juniiMen t ions of committeemen: and rcgiila- t urns governing course of study. See. | :t. Chap. 55.*:. Mar. d. PNI5. * 1 k.wsvm \ ma : K.\ tending opportipiit les for high school education to chil- dren residing hi school districts 'having no public high sclaH.ls hy jM*rmit- tin^ atleiidaticc upon 1 » lirli 'school of neighboring district, and providing I oj pa \ incut o| tuition uml schoolbooks from public funds. 1 Act No. 23, Afar. Id. l!Mi5. d57. M'knnsyiaama: Appropriating $300,000 for the encouragement ami sup port ui township hi^li Hclimds daring the Idennium I!M)5- l!Ni7. Set*. S. Act. No. MHl. May'll, l!*or». do.s. Vkrmont : Uepenlhtg sees. 7y nit towfts hi state t formerly towns of 2.50n |H,puhi1 ion ». <** otherwise providing for high school instruction n't? an annual **ost for tuition not tncxeenl $14. Sjwhtl state aid for paving tuition or pupils it ml to towns of less than tw*o thousand iH>pulnti tla* establishment of Joint free high school district. Town, village. cTty, or school '‘district hoard to submit question of establish* inentVhen petitioned by ton per cent of electors. - ^ Chap. 174. May K, ltM),*i. bill. Wisconsin : Amending sec. 4!Ht, Statutes, IXtts, relating to free joint high schools, ■Defining manner of giving notiticatimj. of clectbai, and vaiidifffng action nlremly taken by any town, village, city school district m* snlalistrlct In form- ing high schools or joint high schools. - , (‘Imp. 25s, May 2A. 10o5. <><►2. Wyominc: Providing lor the nrgimiv.ntion of free high school districts and the establishment aial maintenance of free high schools. e Providing for submission of question to electors by county commissioners upon i s*t It Ion of one lumdrtsl freeholder.*; for the election of a hoard of trustees, and the otlicers. [towers, and duties of said Isninl ; for the courses of instruction and terms of admission to said school. (’hap, <;?. Keb. 20. 11X15. O. HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. (a) Finance; Lands; Support, The leading charaetdriwt ic of the legislation relating to the general ^imuieia! ^policy of the Ufa ten toward their higher eduentunnjJ Institutions is (dearly oim of luerenwHl liberality, . Idaho (iWi^ to inclusive) created s[>eeinl funds for eiudi of the higWr Inst 1 tut ions; Iowa d‘,72. (ITT (174). Ohio (dH2. r»H3). N^scon- sln (U8tMl87) . itWl Wyoming (»iHS) each revised their tax levies in stub a way as to provide for mlditlonai supporting funds. F NVldle not In reality a part of the financial policy of those states towards higher education, the enaetments’of Indiana (071 ) and Kansas oi7d) arc here 'lnelmhal by reason of the s|Mxinl Interests Involved, (J03. (>uf(ihma : Authorizing appropriation of $S.*i,8tNt to the University of California to restore and replace income and buildings lost thru dis- * aster and tire # Chap. :U>, June 14, 11X81 (sp, sons.).. 004, Colorado: Granting flmuidnl aid Jp tlie agrlculturnl c^ttege. Appropriating the sum of $30,000 for the punxme of supplementing and extend- ing the coUrse of InstruetUm at the state agrleulturn) college. and the work of the exiierhuent station conducted In connection with said college, during the years 1005 and UKMJ. Chap. 30, Apr. U, 1M5. (WI5. Connecticut : Amending seflfn70, labile Acts, 1903, relating to the Income of the fund of the agricultural colleg^ interest payment at live per <*nt, to b\>ald quarterly by the treasurer of the atate to the agricultural college. Chap, 74, May ^8, 1006. 1 ERiC - HIGHER EDUCATIONAL TtfflTlTTJTIONR. 117 1 (tfU*. Idaho: Creating a ml establishing the Normal School fund. I >esignntiug that interest and rental inemuc from certain lands granted by Act of Congress duly 3, 1890. shall be credited t*» this fund. One-half of fund* to go to each of the two state normal schools. ** • S. It. Ni». Ill, Page Wj. Mar. i». (KIT. Idaho : Creating mid establishing the l*iii ve.rsity fund. Designating tTint Interest nityl rental hirome t' ruin certain lands granted' hy" Aet of Congress July 3. 1800, shall he credited to this fund. S. It. No. 120. Page *117. Mar. d. 1005. (M»8. Idaho: Crediting and establishing the Kniversity School of Keieiire fnml. Designating that t lie Interest ami rental ineoiue from eeriain lands granted by Art of Congress July 3. shall be credited to such fund. . ^ * ’ IvK No. 127. Page -US, Mar. (1. liMCi. (iOO. Idaho: Creating and establishing the Agricultural College fund. JAesignating that interest and rental income from^Jie ninety thousand acres of 1:19*1 granted b t v Act of Congress July 3, jSbu, shall htMTedJted to this fund. * Moneys credited 'during year 1!«C> and p.nii; to Ik> used for support and main- tenance of College of Arts of University of Idaho. ", S. It. No. 128, Page -lib. Mar. (i. 1905. -dTo. Idaho: Providing for tin* Issuance of four per cent toudwetny year state IkmhIs for the erection and' euuipment of a. domestic-science building * 3lt tlieM’niversity of Idaho, and for a sinking fund for the redemption of such bonds. S. li. No. Pas. Page 221. Mar. 8. 1005. Idaho. 1005 : Aet of March 8. IbOfi. providing for the issuance of $ 12.000 In state bonds for the erection of a doiocstic*scicnce building in connection with the state university, and providing for a sinking fund for the redemption of such Imuds. is itncnnxtifutinnnl ns failing to provide any means for the payment ot the interest or debt- that would he eroattsl by the ussnauce of such bonds. ^ ^ Roach r. flooding (SI P.. (M2). Indiana: kxempthig Cuhiu taxation |iersoifal property and one acre of real property of erty of the state for the erection, repair, improvement, and equipment of buildings for the State Normal School. Chap. l£0, Apr. 10. 1000. * 070. Kansas: Providing for the exemption from taxation 'of all buildings owned by any college society or used as a dormitory or literary ball. Chap. 501. Mur. 7. 1905. 077. Kansas: Appropriating funds for support ami maintenance of state agri- cultural college aud fixing fees to be paid by students. Chap. 17. Mar. 9. 1905. 078. Kansas: Relating to the recording and investing of state agricultural fund ( state normal fund, state university fund. See .Vo. HIP. ses; and provid- ing for endowed professorships from gifts of not less than $50.01 m> fur this purpose. Chap. 187. Apr. 15. 1905. Nebraska : Granting to Regents of University uf Nebraska power to acquire by condemnation proceedings lands for university pm*|Mtse.s and prescribing manner of appraisement and apiteal. Pimp. ) 58. Mar. 27. 1905. Ohio: Declaration of the policy of the state with reference to higher , educational Institutions.- Repealing secs. 595 la* ami 3951b. Revised Ntai- • utes, 1905. ami page 45, Laws. 1902. Ohio University at Athene and Miami University nt Oxford to be supported as colleges of liberal arts without technlnd or graduate instruction. Ohio State Lulverslta^at Coiuuibus to provide in addition to lilveral courses profes- sional. technical, and graduate Instruction. • Fixing Permanent tux levies for support of each Institution: two ami one-half one-hundredths of one mill for Miami University; one une-hundr<h of one mill for nornml Ichool at Miami University: two and one-half one-hundredths of oue mill for Ohio University; one nnd one-half oiiMnmdrodths of one mill Ohlo^Stnte Tbi I verei ! ° llniverHlty ’ " lxt(H *n one-hundredths <»f one mill for , Provision for Inspection of accounts of institutions by state bureau of mild to accounting. 1 II. B. No. 45. Page 300, Apr. 2. 1900. 083. Ohio: Relating to state tax for Ohio Rtnte^UniversIty fmul. * See .Vo. .?/.>. 08^. Oregon: Providing for the auditing and monthly payment of the salaries or compensation of the officers nnd employees of the stirte university, the . 8tate normal schools, the Oregon school for deaf-mutes, and of employees of other state Institutions. Chap. 99, Feb. 18, 1905. 085. Rhode fsLAND : Amending ohap. iw. Oengral Laws," 1890, ns amended 'by chap. 668, Acts, lSOSV-relatlafc to the college of agriculture and mechanic 1308, Apr. ». t; IWT).' ■ v — - .. . r —-* • _ HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIOffB. ' *119 686. Wisconsin ; Amending sec. 390* Statutes, 1898, as amended by sec. 1. chap. ' 170, Laws. 1899, sec. 1, cbap. 322, Laws, 1901, and sec.^, cbap. 344, Laws, 1903, relating to funds for ftapport of University of Wisconsin. Consolidating miscellaneous tax levies and funds into annual tax levy of two- sevenths of mill. Making annual appropriation of $200,000 for tbree years for ] buildings and equipment. ^ • i Prohibiting establishment of new schools or colleges In university. t Chap. 320, June 8, 1905. I 087. Wisconsin: Amending chnp. 408, Laws, 1905, relating to temporary trans- | fers from the general fund to the university fund income. * Authorizing the secretary of state, with the approval of the governor, to make transfers for fiscal years commencing July 1, 1905, and July 1, 1906. Chap. 14. Dec. 19, 1905 (sp. seas.). 688. Wyoming: Amending sec. 1833, Revised Statutes, 1899, relating to taxa- tion for support of University of Wyoming. Increasing state tax froii one-fourth mill to tbree-eightbs mill. * Chap. 57. Feb. 20. 1906. (b) State Universities and Colleges. The measures reorganizing the higher educational Interests in Florida (693) and Ohio ((B)9n), and that fixing the Jurisdiction and authority of the board of regents over the University of Minnesota (098), the proposal to consolidate the , University and the Agricultural College In Utah (703), and the legislative Inves- tigatlon of the affairs of the University oY Wisconsin (707) represent tbe most ^ luilH)rtant of the enactments passed relating to state universities and colleges. Abizona : Prohibiting the establishment and maintenance of saloons, gam- bling houses, and other places Inimical to good morals, wlthtn four thou- sand feet of tbe grounds of the University of Arizona. Chap. 21, Mar. 4, 1905.* Arkansas: Requiring secretary of stnte to send n copy of all printed state documents and publications, and a copy of all publications of the federal s government, duplicate copies of which nre In tbe state library, to the llbrnry of the University of Arkansas. - 1 , Act No. 80, Mar. 10, 19Q5. Arkansas: Providing for the support, maintenance, and improvement of tlie University of Arkansas. Appropriations for buildings and different ^ departments. Section 3. concerning the employment of relatives of members of the board of . trustees, the privilege of female pupils to study music, and fees for certain stu- dents ; and section 5. relating to conditions' oLentra nee of students, vetoed by tbe governor. Act No. 236, May 6, 1906. ' 092. Arkansas: Prohibiting sale or giving nwny of Intoxicating liquors within five miles of the University of Arkansas. * . Act No. 274, May 6, 1906. 1189. 690. 601. 093. Florida : Amending and repealing sundry sections Revised Statutes, 1882, . and sundry other laws. ^ • Abolishing various higher state educational Institutions — University of Flor- ida at Lake City, Florida State Goltege at Tallahassee, White Normal School ' at De Funlak Springs, East Florida Seminary at Gainesville, South Florida College at Bartow, and Florida Agricultural Institute In Osceola County. Abol- ishing fide of St. Retershgrg Normal and Industrial School at St Petersburg ' and transferring the property: to the County of Hillsborough. ^ -** ^ w ; .120 STAIJt SCHOOL 8YBTBM6 : LEGISLATION, 1904-6 t u 1 1 o n s a nd ^trn n s for ring *m n n a ^wnen t™” n d *«)nt ro l' 1 ““T? °, f > IP sev29), m. Ii^.wis : Heiwnlln*. and reenacting with endmonts. Laws. ixor, ( June tT' T I?' r ""‘ ,l,1K ,0 ,be a l > l*°r t lomneiit of a xnndnaVlon, Z free scholarships for the Uniter* I ty of Illinois. on q^t-n*^a^dn tc? ° * ° f KH at Worcester Polytechnic institute Jnc^aslng annua, state scholarship grnnt fn.m six thousand ,en .ho!l! ,nd Chap. 10U, Feb. 24. IHOTi. **■ DlYe ! ,ln * the HtB,e boaMl «*'Vt annually to legislature the mimes of nil benetleiary and scholar- ship students. Act No. 09, Feb. 24. 1900. 7fW. Utah: Creating a commission to consider advisability of suhmlttln^to the electors of the state a constitutional amendment providing for the consolidation of the Agricultural College ami the University of Utah. Re^ » l H,| ‘t before July 1, 11KHI. Appropriating $ 11 , 000 . , Chap. HM, Mur. 9. 1905. 7(M. Utah: Amending sec. 2292. Revised Statutes. 189H. relating to course* of Instruction In the University of Utah. Ext'eptlng provisions presented for normal course, university may not Include ('nurses In agriculture. horticulture, animal husbandry, veterinary science, domestic science and art. or Irrigation as applied to agriculture. * ('hap. m, Mar. 20. 1995. 70.1. \krmont: Providing for the nomination, by each state senator, annually for ten years of two. resident s of his county as principal and nlternnte 5>r # * ; scholarships at state military college* Norwich University. Annus 1 appropriation of $2,500 for department of engineering of said Instl- tntioii. % ♦ A - Act No. 52. Dee. 9. 1904. 7W. Virginia: Providing that the Su|H*rlnteudcnt of Public Instruction shall be cx officio a jnendtor of the inmnl of visitors tsoc. 1542. Code. 11XM) of the University 'of Virginia. . Clmp..:t07. Mar. 17. 1900. „ * \ 7**7. Wisconsin : Providing for a committee of the legislature to Investigate the state university and making an appropriation therefor. Act past In nerordiinre with Joint resolution. No. 5 A (p. 41, sp. sens., 1905). , ('Imp. 7. \Mk\ 19, 1905 (sp, sens,). P. PROFESSIONAL AND HIGHER TECHNICAL EDUCATION. (a) Teachera’ Colleges and Normal Schools. ♦ 0 * (Bee Section (4, enactment a 4*if^475 and review* p. RA.] 70S. Viboinia: Amending chap. 434. nets, 1888, relating to the establishment of and aid to the normal depA«^(mi of Wlltlum and .Mary College. Authorising, subject to acceptance of the provisions of the act by the autborl- - tle« of the college, the transference of the real estate and pefaozuil pctH»erty t^ 122 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS : LEGISLATION, 1904-6. *aM college to tbe state. Administration and control to be under board of ten visitore appointed by governor with consent of senate. Duties nnd powers of board of visitors. Selection of student for scholarships. Chap. 92, Mar. 7, 11)00. (b) Agricultural Colleges. The enactments in this section Indicate the further extension and develop- ment of this valuable type of stnte educational Institution. The first two noted, Atfeansas (709) and rows (710), are closely related to those dealing with certain aspects of elementary technical and Industrial education previously dlscust (see enactments 016-625). Those of Minnesota (711) and New York (714) widen >Qie scope of the influence of the -agricultural colleges of those states. That of^lftsh (716) seeks to restrict the work of the agricultural college to its legitimate channels and bring it'lnto proper economical relation with the state university (see enactment 704). 709, Arkansas : “An net to extend the usefulness and development of the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Stutlon In agriculture, horticulture, veterinary, entomology and kindred subjects, and muklng appropriations for the Improvement nnd maintenance of the same.” Establishing courses of Instruction at state unlversitv. branch experiment stations, and agricultural Investigations. Act No. 231, May 1; 1905. 710. Iowa. Authorising state college of agriculture and mechanic arts to under- take and maintain a system of agricultural extnisloir work. Courses of Instruction and experimental work in agriculture thrmmt the state. 115,000 appropriated. - Chap. 185, April 10, 1006. 711. Minnesota: Establishing at Crookston n branch school of agriculture as a department of the University of Minnesota. Special attention to agriculture mid domestic economy. Chnp. 132, April 11, 1905. • 712. New Jersey: Amending secs. 1, 3, and 4, chap. 108, Acts, 1890, relating to scholarships at state agricultural college. Modifying number of students to he selected and providing for an annual payment by state to agricultural college of $120 for each scholarship; innxi- mum expenditure, $15,000, 1 Chnp. 90, Mar. 31. 1905. . 71 *3. New York : Providing for the administration of the New York State Col- lege of Agriculture, established at Cornell University by chnp. 055, Laws, 1904, and outlining scope of Instruction. Chnp. 218, April 12, 1906. 714. New York : Establishing New York State School of Agriculture at Saint Lawrence University. Appropriating $80,000 for erecting nnd^equlpptug suitable bulldlug. Pre- scribing objects and purposes of the school, nnd powers and duties of board of tijirtees. ,Ohnp. 682, Mnp 31, 1006. 71lk Pennsylvania: Providing for tbe reorganization of the board of'trustees of tbe Pennsylvania State College. Jnc^stog membership by two elective representatives of nlumnl, two mem- bmisppolnted by Governor and five members ex officio — Governor* President '&&&&& Superintendent: of Public Instruction, President of Stnte Agrl- p fllltllni ■ II fill RMVMfsl PV A# Htnfn HaomI a# A wdiecretery of Btate Board of Agriculture. I PRIVATE HIGHER INSTITUTIONS’ — STATE CONTROL. 128 710. I'taii: Amending nee. 2087, Revised Statutes, 1808, relating to courses of Instruction In Agricultural College. Agricultural college may not offer courses in engineering, HI>ernl arts, peda- gogy. law. or medicine. Chap. 134, Mur. 20. 190.7., 717. Wabhinoton: Changing name of the Washington Agricultural College to the State College of Washington. „ Chap. 53. Mar. 2. lOtti. 7 IS. Wyouinu: Rei>onling chap. 112, Laws, 1801 (sees. 504-519. Revised Statutes, 1899). relating to the establishment. govermuent. and maintenance of Wyoming Agricultural College. Chap. 10, Felh 7. 1905. (c) Mining Schools. (d) Military Schools. 719. Iuaiio: Providing for*the enrollment and organization of the state militln. Relating to the corps of cadets at the University of Idaho. II. B; No. 18, Art. 2. Pago Iti. Teh. 18, 1905. 720. Iowa: Rej>callng sec. 2*191. code. 1897. relative to schools of Instruction for olfWrs and men of t lie nntlouul guard. Schools of Instruction may bo ordered when sufficient funds are avalfahle heyoml other requirements of the chapter. Soo. 10, Chap. 91, yVpr. 5, lOoti. .721. New Mexico: Amending sec. li, vlmp. 0. Acts. 1901, relating to age of ap- l>ointecs to New Mexico Military Institute. Raising maximum limit of age of entrance (14-20) from twenty to twenty- one (14-21). Chap. 10$, Mar. RJ. 1905. 722. South Carolina: Amending see. 1279. art. Ill, chap. 25, Cjxle. 1902. rein-’ ting to i towers of hoard of visitors nt the Military Academy. Revising the jsiwers of the board of visitors o^ the military aemlemy relative to tbt‘ employment ami dismissal of professors. Act No. 415, Feb. 1M. 1905. Q. PRIVATE AND ENDOWED HIGHER INSTITUTIONS— STATE CONTROL. With but one exception the enactments in this section are of a minor and local itnimrtanee.. That of Wisconsin (731) seems to l»e a move for a itettor coonll- natlon of private and public efforts for nmnncTchtl education, and one calcu- lated to give due recognition, to those private Institutions tlutt are of blgh grade and entitled to public confidence, 723, California: Submitting amendment to Const., 1879. art. 9, by adding see. 13, exempting Cogswell Poly tech nlenl College from taxation; legislature may modify, suspend, or revive at will. ^ Vote Nov.. 100(1, Page 1072, Mnr. 10. 4005. 724. Indiana: 'Authorizing any university or college organized' or existing ns a corporation under any special law, or special charter, having a hoard of director* and haring capital stock to provide by by-law or resolution . that at least four-fifths of the members of Its board shall be members 124 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS: LEGISLATION, 1904-4. 726. 72H. of any church or reljgtoua denomination as designated by such by-law or resolution. | Must be accomplished liefore Ja». 1, 1907. J CjMp. 83, Mar. 3, 1905. 725. Michioan : Giving to members' of alumni associations or graduates of degree-granting educational Institutions authorized to elect trustees, etc." of the governing body of the Institution the right to vote by mail. Act No. 80, May 3, 1905. Neu Iork: Amending sec. 2, chap. 585, Laws, 1805, as amended by chop. 87, Laws, 1895, ns amended by chap, 238, Lows, £96, jmd ns amended by chap. 97, Laws, 11X15, relating to the composition ffid election of the board of trustees of Cornell I’niverslty. Chap. 1. Feb. 5, 1906. New York : Permitting the Carnegie foundation, a corporation duly incor- ixtruted under the inws of New York, to convey its property to the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. Chap. 145, Apr. 5,. l.JKMi. Oklahoma : Amending sec. 1HG, Revised and Annotated Statutes, 1903, relating to the incorporation of religious, charitable, educational, uud benevolent organizations. Providing for a certificate fee of two dollars. Chap. 10, Art. 7, Feb. S. lifer,. South Carolina: Amending the charter of Incorporation of Wlllinniston Female -Co liege, of Greenwood. 'Changing the name to Lander College. Authorizing l>orrd of trustees to confer the usual literary degrees. Act No. 500, Feb. 21. 1905. 730. Texas: Submitting amendment to sec. 2, aft. 8, Const., 1870, relating to exemptions from taxation. Exempting for two years after purchase l>onds and mortgages of endowment fund investment of educational and religious Institutions. Vote Nov., 190G. Page 410, Apr. 15, 1905, 731. Wisconsin : Authorizing State Superintendent of Public Instruction to pre- scribe course of study for (‘ommerclal schools npd colleges and providing for publication of accredited list of such. % Chap. 124. Apr, 29, 1905. R, LIBRARIES. c \ * (a) Public School Libraries, That the Wf&nry Is an essential part of the equipment and activities of the public education Is becoming itfore and more recognised, and the tendency of recent legislation Is fo provide for the establishment and support of public-school libraries. This tendency Is particularly evident In certain of the SAutheni XLegUittton relating to public school libraries only baa been Indexed ami recorded here. LIBRARIES. 125 states, Louisiana (733), North Carolina (737), and South Carolina (741) hav- ing ench passed acts of a progressive and Influential character. Wisconsin (742 to 745. Inclusive) passed several acts calculated to Improve her already efficient library system. Nevada (736) and Ohio (738) plaited themselves In the Hue of the public-school library' states. f 732. Connectktt: Authorizing the establishment of «ch >1 libraries nt teui- IKjrary home. ( *hnp, 50, 'lay 12, 1005. 7:i*t. ‘Louisiana : Relating to the establishment mid enlargement of public school libraries. Authorizing the parish school boards to duplicate private donations of ten dol- lars for the establishment of public school libraries a"hd to appropriate from five to fifteen dollars for euch five dollars douated for the enlargement of libra- ries; providing that not more than one appropriation Ite made for each school or grade each year. Rules and regulations for selection and care of |)ook* to‘l>c prescribed by State Suj>er!ntendent of Public Education. „ * Act No. aft^uly. 12. IIHhi. 7.*t4. Minnesota: Authorizing appropriation of $10,000 fontcliool libraries. Chap. 22. Mar. 2. 1005. 7:15. Montana: Amending se<-. 2000, Political Code, 1*05. relating to the estab- lishment and use of the school library fund. Permitting fund to Ik? used for payment of current expenses for maintenance of kcIhkOs in school districts other than cities -maintaining a free public library and having a |>opulation of two thousand or f more. Chap. 14. Feb. 14. 1005. 1 7 ; iG. Nevada : Authorizing the appropriation of &*-$5 for each teacher and .VI O mits for each census child to county school library fund. Chap. 87. Mar. 10, 1005. 737. ‘North Carolina: Providing for t ho est mishment and enlargement of libraries In the public schools of rural districts. State to duplicate private subscriptions of $10 to found or $5 to enlarge libra- ries In school districts of less than one thousand |M»pulntlon. Limit of six new and six enlarged libraries in each county in any one year. Appropriating bien- nially $7,500 to carry out provisions — $5,000 for new libraries and $2.5nn for enlargement of libraries. Chap. 3X1. Mar. 4th. 19 LEGISLATION, 1904-6. of fi\o dollars to enlace libraries Ik* duplicated, tin4 Increasing number of wboolB in euch county to 25 Instead of 10. «42. Wisconsin ; Creating n coiniuitteo to swim* bids mid make contracts for purchase of school library books, Prescribing incthud of procedure. V Chap. 245. May 24, 1905. rbt, Wisconsin; Amending s«v. I, chap. 2.*I8, Laws. 1899. relating to Free Library Commission. j Increasing annual appropriations N*om $5.5op to $7JHNi. and providing for maintenance of summer school of library science. Chap. 577. .June 14. 1905. 744. Wisconsin; Amending see. 4MSA. Statutes. lst»S. relating to the selection of books for township school libraries. Chap. 417. June 17. 1905. 745. Wisconsin; State su|K»rlntemlont to prescribe rules ami regulations for management of township school libraries ami to, furnish printed rat’d catalogs for the 1 use of the same. .Sec .Vo, ,7b. S 5 EDUCATION OF DEFECTIVES AND DELINQUENTS." * 1 he development of tin* public school system so as to provide for the ins true tion of the defective classes of children is among the interesting phenomena of present-day educational activity. The enactments relating to the education of dtMif and dumb, blind, and crippled and deformed children. Included In this sec tion. are evidence of the intent of these state* to leave 110 child without the rtcoi»c of the influences of the public school, and arc consequently of a signitlcant character. (a) Deaf and Dumb. % 74 IDO. I.aws, lS!>7. ri'lilUllK to lalllnition of (l.-af children. • Authorising cstahilshment of classes of three for deaf children from 5 to years of age; prescribing teachers’ qualifications. Page 575. May IH, 1905. . 747'. Kansan; Extending the provisions* of chap. 425, Laws, 1G05, regarding compulsory education so as to Include deaf and dumb chljlmi between ages of seven and twenty-one. Penalties for violation, Preserving method of Instruction. Chap. 5K4. Mar. 0. 11)05. 74R Michigan : Amending chap. 17(1. Imws. 1899, relating to establishment of day schools tor the (lea f. Chap. 224; June Id. 1905. •Only such enactments are included In tldn section ns relate to the education of defer, ttvea and delinquents in ibe public school system. legislation relating to state ehurltn ble, penal, and corrective Institutions linn bewn omitted. In many respects the Inclusion of such legislation would seem to be neces*«»y and desirable for the completeness of this publication However, the difficulty of making n clear line of separation between the pebal and edl^atlpnal feature* of such legislation renders the present eoorse the more expedient one. « 127 EDUCATION OF DEFECTIVES AND DELINQUENTS. 740. Ohio: Authorizing district school lx>nrd£ Iwards of trustees of graded schools and hoards of education in cities to establish nnd maintain day schools for the deaf. Providing for unnual state old — $150 for each pupil ; also Inspection of schools, for the deaf. II. R. No. 1H4, Page £19, Apr. 2, 1900. (b) Blind. Maryland : Compulsory attendance of blind ami denf children. < . Sec So. JJJ. i.d. Massac in skits : Extending the time in which commission ou registration and industrial training of adult blind Is to report to Jan. 15, 1000. Resolves, Ofiap. 1, Jan. 10, 1005. " ; . » ^ (c) Crippled and Deformed. 752. Illinois: Repealing act, page :R4 v IA\vb, UKKt, and authorizing the estab- lisliment by school dislrlcts of classes for crippled children Minlmuib size of class 15. Age limitations of pupils 0 to 21. Prescribing teachers*, (nullification* Page :t72 / May IS, 1005. (.».{. Ohio: Providing for the npi>olntinent of a commission to nccept donations. sel(Ht and purchase lands and erect thereon the necessary buildings and structures for a state lust button for the treatment and education of deformed and crippled children. Providing for a board of trustees a ltd the control and management of said institution, appropriating $50,(MX). 8. P. No. («. Page 57, Mar. 17, 1906. * -i*. KLCEX 1 DECISIONS OF STATE SUPREME COURTS UPON TOPIC’S! OF CURRENT INTEREST IN PUBLIC EDUCA- TION." ^KXPI.ANATORV NTATCMKNr, Tho following decisions of the highest eoiirts*of (he states concerned Imvc Ihtm selected f„r presentation here primarily I»v reason of ,|,eir evident far-reaching influence upon the -clmols of the states in which the decisions have l>een rendered.' in addition to the fact Uxft thev deal with (topics possessing num . ordinary interesM^Tlu.s,. engag'd in the work of public education. No effort has l>eeii made to discuss either the educational or the judicial implications of the decisions. The first would necessitate a fairly accurate kfiowledge of the local educational circumstances involved, while to attempt the second would not only carry the discussion U-yoml the present purpose hut . ' voul|,, " , I ,s ,,vi dence prcsmnpii the part of a layman. Il has hoon .deemed sufficient to present the facts and opinion rendered. cithi*i in full or by digest , in ojicIi <*«iso. THK ILLINOIS NOIDI.ViL SCHOOL ( T strict < (Llndhlml r. Bonn I of Minn lion ul Xoriunl School District (M jil. Supreme CtMirt of Illinois. April Tt, 221 HI. 2«il ; J~ s. K. 4 ‘mi. ) This case is one of great jin|K»rlarjce to the public school system of the State of Illinois, on account of the influence of the decision 0 f the court upon tin; status and development of the professional training of teachers in that state. It arose from a suit by Andrew Lindhl nl ngauwt the hoard of education and ..fliers of the Xon.ial School dis- trict of Normal. III. The decision of the Appellate' Court. Third District, was reversed hy the Supreme Court, and the cause re nianded to the circuit court for further proceedings consistent with the views exprest in the opinion. The following is a statement of the facts of the case, taken from the opinion of the Appellate Court of the Third district : .ri A . PP f 1 W a taxpilV0|i a, ' d le e ul V(,tpr in the Normal school dis- liZt 1 ; I cm' 1 und 11 l )U,ron of c permitted to use certain grades or rooms as practice schools under the following conditions: (1) Pupils of the first five years of school. life shall attend the west side school or the east side system under regulations fixed by the public school hoard. (2) Pu- pils attending the east subdistrict doing the work of the first eight school years shall 4)0 distributed among twelve rooms t>r grades, the pupils to remain op the average of two terms or twentv-four weeks tn each grade. (3) The twelve grades shall be housed, six (or seven) in the model school, the rest in the public school building. (4) The grades in the model school building shall Ik? grades or rooms 1, 2, 3, Til, 12, or such other ropms as may l>e agreed upon by the superin- tendent of the public school and the president of the university. (5) The high school department of the, model school- shall l>o abandoned, but the university, snail l>e permitted to furnish teachors^for six high school classes each term, such classes to l>e selected by the city superin- tendent nnd such student teachers to be approved by him. In such classes lesson plants shall bo submitted to the high school Authorities and shall be under their supervision and direction. Any such teacher may be deprived of his class at any time his work be not satisfactory to the superintendent. (6) The university shall^ur- nisli janitor, fuel, repairs, and ordinary school supplies for the grades housed in the model school building. * The public school board shall furnish the same for the grades in the public school building. (7) The university may be permitted to use the grades in the model school building, ami one or two grades, as needed, in the public school, as. a practice school. * (8) The public school board sTall pay the teachers - in the practice schools not less than $42.50 per month/ (9) In each room so used as a practice school the teachers' sliaH Ik* paid by the university such additional sum as mov be necessary to secure per- sons able to supervise and direct the work of student teachers in the most thorough manner. Such additional salary shall not be less than $234 per year. The university shall not be bound by this section to pay more than $^50 nor year additional salary to any critic teacher. (10) No teacher ^fliall be permitted to teach* in the practice school except members of the senior class or persons whose general experi- ence has eminently fitted them for teaching. (11) At a date not 10752— Bull. .No. 3— 07-, — 0 180 STATE SCHOOL 8Y8TEM8 : JUDICIAL DECISIONS. later than April 1 the university authorities shall notify the public f school board )\'hat grades the university shall wish to use the follow- 1 ln g y, ear , as Practice schools. (12) lit all grades used as practice i schools the teachers shall be selected by the concurrent action* of the ! state board and of the public school board. In all grades not used ■ as practice schools the public school board shall have exclusive ri'dit j to select the teachers. (13) The course of study shall be prepared r by the president of the University and the superintendent of schools and submitted to the public school board for amendment and adop- tion. (14) Rules and regulations relating to rights and oblig^ions , of parents’ and pupils’ reports, discipline, .promotions, and all other matters of_a general character shall be made by the public sch/iol bouru. (15) The university shall have power to make necessary regulations in regard to the use of the university property itnd in j regard to the mode of Instruction and daily program in the practice schools. (1G) Ail text-hooks that pupils are required to buy shall be preserilied by the public school authorities. (17) If copies of such regularly adopted text-books' are needed by indigent children, they shall be furnished by the public school board. (18) The school j year in the public school shall lie divided into terms in conformity | ,with the three regular terms of the university calendar. (ID) Tui- ti° n in grades shall lie free to all- residents of Normal. (20) Rates of tuitioir for nonresident pupiis shall be fixed by the public school board, and such tuition shall be paid into the public school treasury. (21) All pupils attending the grades in the model school i building shall have the privilege -of the campus of tl tf ni versitv, library, and gyiTinasium, uiidcr such rcguliitions as (ho uni voi*siibv | may adopt. (22) The high school pupils may be permitted to use* t the campus for a playground, and shall 1 k>. granted one. hour per day for physical culture m the gymnasium under tile supervision of the ! teacher of physical <*ulturc, qn such terms as may be agreed upon by * - - president of the university and the superintcmltfiit, providing such privileges shall nqt conflict with the paramount rights of* the i Normal students. (23) The university instructors in music, draw- f ing, and physical culture shall supervise the work in their respeet- | jve departments in the various grades of the Normal public schools. One-third of their' time shall he thys at the disposal of the public ; schooly authorities. (24) These"' articles of agreement may be i amended by the concurrent action of (lie public school board and the state board of education. (25) Either party to this agreement may cause tile' same to terminate on June 30 of any year by giving written notice .to the other party at least six months prior to -the proposed termination. Wesley Grinstead, President; Enoch A. Fritter,. Clerk, for the Board, of education of Normal School District, Normal, 111. The Board of Education of the State of Illinois, by William II. 4 Green, President, Alfred Baybas, Secretary. (Seal.) The bill alleges that the public schools of the town of Normal are conducted under and in pursuance of the terms of suid contract, and that the students in attendance upon the Illinois State Normal Uni- versity, and who teach the grades housed in the model school builtN ing and one or more of the grades houSed'in the public school build- ings of Normal school district, are not required to have certificates from the county superintendent of schools of McLean County; that appellee Enoch A. fritter is superintendent of the public schools ; ; . -, S > * ILLINOIS NORMAL .SCHOOL CASK. 131 • in 1 ftp Normal School district, and receives a salary fts such supe^n- tern lent of $lC»7.t*>4 per^ month: and that sn id Krittar also performs edueaMona 1 wtVk tor appellee tin* board of adulation of the state of’ Illinois in supervising, directing, and controlling the lN>rk of the critic teacher employed under the contract, and receives an additional salary thorelor from the said hoard of education of tin* state-of 1 1 1 i - « nols. The chancellor sustained a general demurrer to the hill inter- T post'd by appellees and entered a Orem* dismissing the hill for want I of equity. l*o reverse this decree the appellant prosecutes^ this ♦ appeal. < 1 The town of Normal was incorporated by special act of the Legis- lature approved February 2.\ lMii. (3 lYiv. Laws 1807, p.,321 j. Article S (page 320) of the charter provides for n public school systems that the town of Normal shall constitute a school district, known as ** Normal School District;’* that the governing body of the public schools of such district shall he styled "Hoard of Edu- f> cation of Normal School District,** ami shall consist of five members, each of whom shall hold otlice for a term of five years, one to be elected each year on the first Monday '"ill March. Section 4 (page *330) of said article provides: "'Said hoard of education shall lie a body corporate and oolitic, hy the name and stylo of * Hoard of * Induration of Normal School District ; 1 tnav have a common seal and change t IK* same at pleasure, and as such may contract and l>e ^ contracted with sue and be Hied, plead and be impleaded in and before any tribunal having conqxitent jurisdiction.*’ Section* 11 (page HHH ) provides: "The said hoard of education shall have the i entire management and control of all the common schools and’ trans- act all business which may he necessary in relation to said common school" and said district, and shall haver all the rights, power, and authority necessiYv for the proper management of the schools and school funds, with the power to make, all such rules, orders and requirements as they lmrv deem necessary to carry their powers and dut ios into e licet and perfect* a good system of puhl ic instruct ion amL common schools in said district." Section 13 provides: " Said hoard shall have power ami authority to divide said school district - « into two or mom districts when in the (pinion of the hoard it shall seem* advisable." ^ * . The jurisdiction of the court of equity to award the decree sought hy the hill in this cast; is invoked upon three grounds: First, that the contract in question is ultra vires, illegal, and void, for the ren- ' son that, the board of education of Normal school district has thereby surrendered or delegated, in whole or in part, certain discretionary powers vested in it as a quasi municipal corporation by its charter, 4o its superintendent*. Enoch A. Fritter, and to the Board of Edu- cation of the state of Illinois: second, that certain persons named in the bill as defendants and designated in the contract critic touchers, and to whom is paid $42.7)0 ]>er month each by the board of eduen* ) turn of Normal school district, are also in the employment of and receive pay from the board of education of the- state of Illinois, that the duties of said critic teachers are to supervise and direct the ' work of the student teachers who Voaeh in those grades of the com- mon schools denominated in the contract practice schools, and that said * critic teachers devote very little, if onv* of their time to the wprk>of teaching the pupils attending the public schools; third, that t 182 8TATS SCHOOL 8Y8TEM8: JUDICIAL DECISIONS. ^l* Fri . tte ^ a salar y 68 superintendent of the Normal whwl d^rmt of $167.64 per month, and also performs education work for the board of education of the state of Illinois in supervising, a ”r Con(r ? llng t tlie w ° rk of critic teachers, and •receives therefor a salary from said board of education of the state of Illinois in addition to the salary paid him bv the Nprmal school district. * "Hie decision in the cnfce rendered by Judge Scott covers three main points, as presented in the following digest : (а) A -contract between the board of education of a school district f rlv ', Laws : 18G7 - P- 321, to manage and control the common schools and employ and discharge teachers and fix their iSSSifv ' d ’ the Stat H b ? a f d °/ ed,1 5 ation ’ whereby the State Normal Vc is permitted to furnish teachers not having the usual legal qualifications for certain classes, and critic teachers are' to be 3v y i ty he board . 8nd P l,blic ^hool board acting copcur- re ™Y’ r h ° are paid in P art by the school district, is void. (б) A contract of a publiij school board with the state board of JV 0 5 r .“ 11 rentes to the manner in which the schools uTflm elof ted and transfers authority from the public school board 1 Inin 1 i board ’ and authorizing, practice schools, does not cause £ny lnjur y or oppression to a taxpayer, so as to entitle him to pre- S?iedy S enf ° rCemU by in J unct,on - mandamus being the proper A taxpayer is entitled to enjoin a contract between the public school board and the state board of education providing for the em- ployment of critic teachers to be paid by the school district. %;■ II. THE IOWA FOOT BALL CASE. Klnaer v. Directors of Indei^ndent School District of Marlon. Supreme Court Of Iowa. Jan. 18, 100G. 105 N. W.. m\). The decision in this case, while enunciating no new fundamental principle of the powers and duties of educational officers,* is of more than local interest to the high schools of Iowa, on account of tho present day importance that certain athletic activities have assumed m the American high schools, "both large and small. That the board of education of a city in practically all of our states has had delegated to it discretionary jurisdiction over the schools of the com- munity is a well-recognized administrative principle, yet it would seem that the courts of the stajps must- freenunciate this principle upon every disputed detail of tile authority of the board. The case arose from an action of mandamus to compel the defend- ants, directors of the independent school district of Marion, to admit the^aiirtiff to the privileges ef the high school of said district, from winch the defendants were excluding him under an order of suspen- .r^|»dT^Uo M ,m,d e % tfa* *Oa jL 'iy ■ i t IOWA FOOT-BALL CASE. 188 » demurrer to plaintiff’s petition judgment was rendered for the de- fendants, from which the plaintiff appealed. The circumstances and importance of the case are such as to war- j rant the reproduction here of the full opinion of the court rendered i ■ ’ by Chief Justice McClain : It appears from the allegations in plaintiff’s petition that plaintiff was, by n resolution of the defendant board of directors, suspended from th^high school of which he was a pupil until he should apolo- gize to-fne superintendent before the school, and through the superin- tendent to the board, for the willful violation life and limb. The board will lend all assistance, morally and financially, in sup- port of baseball, the gymnasium, Or track* work, but for tne above reasons will not permit football or practice under the auspices of the. High School or on the school grounds. The violation charged con- sisted in participating in a game of football as a member. of a team composed largely of the students of the high school, which was played on a Saturday afternoon at the fair grounds. It also ap&> pears that plaintiff, with the other members of the team, caused to be printed and posted .in the city of Marion a poster and advertise- ment of the game, which was represented to be a game between the West Branch High School ana the High School of Marion for which an admission fee of 25 cents was charged. The questions argued are, first, whether the board had any auuiority to adopt the rule above quoted; second, whether the conduct of plaintiff was a violation of ,such rule; third, whether a certain apology made by the plaintiff to the hoard (not in the method pointed out by the board in its resolution of suspension) was sufficient to entitle the plaintiff to readmission to the school under the terms of his suspension; and fourth, whether this proceeding by mandamus is the proper method of testing the validity and propriety of the proceedings of the board. 1. Considering first the question whether plaintiff has resorted to the proper procedure in oraer to secure a review of the action of the defendant board, it is at once apparent that his application for a writ of mandamus will not lie if he has any other remedy in the ordi- nary course of the law which i9 plain, speedy, and adequate. Code, sec. 4344. It is also plain that plaintiff cannot maintain this action to question the proceedings of tne defendants in a matter which* is within their discretion. Code, sec. 4341. The method provided for reviewing the proceedings of a school board, either a^Jo law or fact, relating to a subject wnich is within their jurisdiction ana as to which a discretion is vested in them is by appeal to the county -super- intendent of schools. Code, sec- 2818. But the courts are not e*r eluded by this provision for appeal to^he county superintendent from considering the question wnether the board was, in the matter complained of, acting within the scope of its powers as defined by the statute. The board is given authority in Code, sec. 2772, to w make rules and regulations for its own government and that of the direct tors^officers, and teachers and pupils,” and in Code, sec. 2789? tp u expel any scholar from school for immoraRty or for vi dation of ■ ■ 184 Aife STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS: JUDICIAL DECISIONS. the regulations or rules established by the board or wh^fc the pres- , j S detr 'mental to the best interests of the schools." Whether the rule adopted by the board, the enforcement of which is complained of, is reasonably within the scope of the power thus con- if wr t0 lnqul 7 m | lie courts, and the partv complaining limited to an appeal to the county superintendent. Perkins r •5Tw 9 * Sadler, 97 I„„,. ^17 fiq v'\v ^d R ° C r^ erS - Inde Pendent School Dist., 100 Iowa. Oil, IN. VV ., 544. This is in accordance with the general rule that wWW 0 n“ °/ man ( da ' nus , or other- special proceedings the question the ^fiL ff r'bunal, such as a school board, has acted within • “J^P 6 ?* - 1 *® authority may be determined. State ex rol r" Hoard of Education, 63 Wis 234. 23 N. W„ 102. 53 Am. Kept.. 282; Kin* ,• Jefferson C!ty School Board, 71 Mo., 028, 3G Am. Rl>pt.. 499; Board An! ? sSi^sS”*’ ’ 42 ‘ 2 ’ 28 S< E -’ 80 °’ 41 ^ R ' We are required, therefore, to decide whether the rule of the de- f f n ^fq lt J )0ar ^ f0 rA e ttlleged violation of which pluintill was ex- cluded from the high school was within the power! of the board to enact. And here it may be suggested that the court should hesitate to interfere with the regularly constituted school authorities in their management of the scholars which are placed under their chaise Ihe legislature is expressly authorized to provide for the educu- ,n tere st 3 of the state in such manner as shall seem best .and' proper. See article 9 of section 15 of the State constitution. And !" ^!.°* er f C1S f of th, f P° we , r «hool districts have, been created, authorized to have exclusive jurisdiction in all school matters over their respective .territories. Code, sec. 2743. It is further provided * that the affairs of each school corjjoration’*sliall lie conducted bv n - boaql of directors. Cod, sec. 2745. And ' the directors arc/ ns already indicated, expressly, authorized to make and enforce rules It was nUinlv intended, therefore. -that the management of school nJfm £° Uld i e Ieft , to the d^retion f the board^of directors-wul ^vnot to the courts, and we ought not to (interfere* with the exorcise of ^ di scretion on the part of a school board L to wliut is a reasonable and 2 ?!l’ eX ^ pt m a P ,am caseof e Adding the power conferred. A rule may be so far unreasonable or b^ml the exercise of discretion Sfw? courts .will say thaPthe board acted without authoritv in lL Kn M T Urphy of Erectors, 30 Iowa, §£» fi? , 66 Iowa > 47G > 9 NW„ 356; State c. Vauder- bilt., 116, Ind., 11, 18 NE., 266, 9 Am. St, Rept., 820. But the prcsunip- Jj^V 9 “ fa I. or ^e reasonableness and propriety of the action of - StaSSLfSS* ”• B,b "* 31 IO "'- Smith »*• a.rsl'f mm. .3 SmTfc «« 88 , ng “PP'ication to the action of the school grounds and on a day when the school IB not invasion, jt is unreasonable and invalid. But. in view of the -S?t2? ; ' : ST£S“ 1?" ****■& directors, as a^ve indicatwl. ' ' wS that ** M “PP’iedTn the present w unreasonable or in exoess of authority. - K -y- ^ The general character of the school and the conduct of its pupils, as affecting the efficiency of the work to be done in the schoolroom and the discipline of the scholars, are matters to be taken into acnunt by the school board making rules for the government of the Vh* They have no concern, it is true, with the individual conduct Af the pupils wholly outside of the schoolroom rffid school grounds and jvhile they are presumed to be under the control of their parents, ormfter they are beyond the age of parental control, to be governed by the rules which regulate the Cbnauct of all members of the- body politic; but the conduct of pupils which directly relates to and affects the management of the scnool and its efficiency is within the proper regulation of the school authorities. Thus it has been held that rules as to absence and tardiness of pupils and their misconduct on the way to school, or on going, home from school, are properly within the scope of the power of school officers. Burdick t\ Babcock, 31 Iowa, 52G; Lander v. Seaver, 32 Vt., 1 14,76 Am. Dec., 156; Deskins v. Gose, 85 Mo., 485, 55 Am. Rep., 3ST. We have no doubt as to the power of the defendant board in the exercise of its reasonable discre- tion as to the management of the high school to determine that it was detrimental to the best interests of the school that pupils. should be encouraged by their school associations to engage in g&g of foot- ball with tea ips of other high sphools, and we think thafefiHf proper power, with reference to the Encouragement or discouragement of the playing of football by pupils of the school, was not limited to the high school grounds, but extended to participation by the pupils in f ames as members of a team purporting to represent in any way the igh school under the control of defendant board ;$nd we therefore reach the conclusion that, giving to the rule the interpretation which the board gave it in holding it to be applicable to the act of plaintiff, such fule wa£ not unreasonable nor m excess of the powers of the board. Whether or not the -conduct of the plaintiff was in fact a violation of such reasonable rule as thus interpreted was, as we think, a question, not of the jurisdiction of the board, but of the propriety of its action, which we can not review in the present proceeding. In‘ short, we' hold that the defendpirfs as a board had authority to pro- hibit, and did prohibit, the pupils of the high school from playing football in a game purporting to be played under the auspices of'the school or on a team purporting to be a team representing the school. '« • 2. The other questions presented on this appeal may p^nriefly dis- posed of* in accordance with principles already announced. If the board had the power to make the rule in question, then the findings as to whether the rule had Been violated by the plaintiff and whether the apology tendered by him was sufficient or not are not subject to review in this proceeding and can be tested only by appeal to the county superintendent. Plainly it is not intended that the courts shfill interfere with the action of the school authorities in matters of discipline as to which such authorities are vested with discretionary power. Burdick v. Babcock, 31 Iowa, 562; McCormick Burt, do 111., 263, 35 Am. Rep.,»163; Watson v. Cambridge (Mass.), 82 N. E n 864. 1 And, in general, as to the proposition that the discretion of a school board cannot be interfered with by the courts as to a matter within its jurisdiction, see Preston v. Board of Education, 124 Iowa, 355, 100 N. W.,54 ; Marshall u. 81 pan, 35 Iowa, 445 ; Barnett t>. Direcr 3 1M STATE SCHOOL BT8TE1I8: JUDICIAL DECISIONS. HI. THE SEATTLE HIGH SCHOOL FRATERNITY CASE (Wffyland v. Board of School Directors of nintHr* w , , n Supreme Court of Washington. August 15 TO, 86 P. $>) * jThe ! principle of the adequacy of the authority of a local board of °r k r“? h ru i es * nd reKU '**“" ! fw the conduct . „d ™ ernment of the schools under its care is here, as in the preceding case Sru'trh 13 - THe f eCiS “ mi 5 f ° r ei,=S erahon under the present cond.t.ons of development and importance country. 111 C raCt /^ ,CS within the secondary schools of the The i case arose from a suit by George Waylandjhy Russell Wav- land, his piardian ad litem, against the board of school direptore of v ^ ld,St ™ t ^°; 1 ’ 0fSeattie - The judgment of the super o coJr m favor of the defendants was affirmed. The opinion of Judge^Crow is here reproduced in full-' , sTsfricf ot Kas§%r^*S2£3S frets afterwards found by the trial*court "^Frown*!*^ a,le Kt n g the ra 5l“£.^“ rti ’ e ^ief, thiT.pro.1 h^lLtX, flMl '“ d «"“”‘ m “ de ‘Mings of feet, from which it edpeero that at *Mm. f*W ■"■ ■ "I '»'■ > 1 to mtm Oaotge W^”d »' a - Yfi: \ * . \ . ' ^ student in the Seattle High School and also a-member of*a certain . secret Greek letter society, known as the u Gamma^Eta Kappa frater- nity;” that the membership in said fraternity and in other similar high school secret societies was confined particularly to high school students; that such societies were therefore usually known as high school fraternities; that members other than such students were ad- mitted as hbnorary members only ; that said Gamma Eta Kappa fra- ternity was first organized in Seattle during the year 1900, at which time a request was made by it for the use or the name of said Seattle High School ; that before acting on said request the high school au- • thorities instituted a careful investigation to ascertain the probable effect of such societies on the school ; that after such investigation and ^ after receiving reports from many prominent educato]rs ; all of whom unqualifiedly condemned the'^mfluence of said societies as highly deleterious and injurious, the school board of said Seattle district* on May 7, 1901, passed a resolutioi^whereby said request for the use of the name of the Seattle High School in connection with said fra- ternity was refused and membership of students in any secret society connected with said school forbidden ; that at all times thereafter it was contrary to tl|e rules and regulations of said high school for pupils to become members of the said fraternities; that afterwards said George Wayland, while a student in said school, became a mem- ber of said Gamma Eta Kappa fraternity, as did other students; that it was also contrary to the said rules and regulations for students to become pledged to said secret societies; that,said rules and regulations were from tune to time modified to meet emergencies in accordance with thd activities of said societies in pledging or initiating members; that on May 5, 1905, the school board by final action amended its former rules so as fo provide that all students who were then members of any high school secret society, or pledged to become such, who would promise that so long as tbev remained students of said high J school they would not become members of any other such secret soci- ety or give any promise or pledge to become such, or solicit any other student to give any promise or pledge to become a member of any high school fraternity or secret society, and in good faith kept such promise — such students would be restored to the privileges of such school— -otherwise all students who thereafter should become members, of, or in any way pledge or bind themselves to join, any high school fraternity or secret society, or should initiate or pledge any othef N students, or in any way encourage or foster tlie fraternity spirit in the high school, should be deni&l all the privileges of the high school except those of the class poem; that the influence of the said Gamma Eta Kappa fraternity and similar secret societies, and thh member- ship and pledging or students therein, permeating said school, in- juriously affectea the good order and discipline thereof: that in adopting the various rules and regulations aforesaid, and in deny- ing certain privileges of said school to pupils who refused to comply therewith, the respondents at all times acted in good faith and in the . exercise of an honest judgment; that such action was at alldimes gen- eral in its application and at no time special, malicious, or arbitrary, and that all such rules and regulations and particularly those in force and effect at the time of the institution of this suit were reasonable and necessary and were wholly within the powers of the respondents. It will he observed that ho attempt is being made by the r&pbn* 138 STATS SCHOOL SYSTEMS: JUDICIAL DECISIONS. -r.-. dents to deny appellant anv instruction afforded by class work or by the required curriculum of the school. He k only denied certain other privileges, such as participation in athletic, literary, military, musical, or class organizations. 'In other words, the respondents made it optional with appellant to determine whether, against the known wishes of the school authorities, he would continue his mem- bership in said secret society, and thereby forfeit participation in the privileges above mentioned, which were no part of the class work or curriculum, or whether by complying with the adopted rules he would elefct to enjoy the privileges of which he is now deprived. The appellant contends that the trial court erred (1) in making certain or the above findings of fact to which he has excepted; and .(2)' in entering judgment dismissing hnTcomplaint. Appellant especially complains that the evidence does not sustain the finding that all active members of the Gamma Eta Kappa fraternity were high school students, and that anv members not students were honorary members only. There may have been ah instance in which an active member was not a student when* initiated, but he hud been a student iuunedi- utely prior thereto, and there is no evidence that lie (lid not intend to so continue. In any event it is immaterial whether he or even other members were students. It dearly appears that the fundamental purpo^kas to organize with stuifcnts of the Seattle High School. The e^Bnce shows that this particular Gamma Eta Kuppa fra- ternity^R a branch or chapter of u general organization having other chapters in various high schools throughout the country; that it is subordinate to a general or parent governing body, and that the Sntire organization is essentially a confederation of associations composed in the main of high school students. We call attention) to a certain periodical which, with the consent of both appellant and respondents, was admitted in evidence and is entitled : “ The Gamma Eta Kappa Magazine, Quarterly, Devoted to the Interest of thfc Gamma Eta Kappa Fraternity of the United States of America, and Published by the Grand Conclave/’ This magazine appears to be in the charge of one general editor, located in San Francisco, assisted by chapter editors, members of 20 distinct chapters, includ- ing Kho Gamma Chapter, the one of which appellant is a member, purportine/to be connected with the Seattle Hig* School. In this magazine ive find the following editorial: u In former editorials we have freojently dVelt upon our old standby of High School Fra- ternities /versus School Boards and Principals, but we feel compelled ^ to again state the facts on account of recent developments. The{ principal of the Seattle High School does not know what a fraternity is or he would not attempt to enforce his proposed futile plans, ft is simply ft case of all educators not educated. Imagine the monarch that could prohibit a man from wearing a fraternity pin. The Sacra- mento board by a vote of 0 to 3 recently decided 4 To forbid anv mem- ber of the Sacramento High School from joining a 44 frat ” society in that school.’ There is no penalty affixed, and the resolution was' simply adopted to quell public sentiment in order to secure a favor- able vote from the lieopie on new school bonds. Ih voting on this motion but one member of the board expressed the belief that the law would uphold them iir attempting to crush a society in £ public institution; in other words they are educated. We hope^that others will le$rn and save us the trouble of summoning our army of able ’ ' • \\ 1 V A ' SEATTLE HIGH SCHOOL FBAfERNITT CASE. 139 attorneys, who are willing to defend ns in the courts, and in doing so will make* these uneducated beings feel their lack of knowledge with humiliation and chagrin at the expense of the poor unfor- tunates.” This magazine also publishes a letter from the Rho Gamma, or Seattle chapter, in which the existing differences between it and the Seattle high school authorities are discussed. This letter in part says: u And now comes the mo-t unkindcst cut of all. Beginning with the coming school year, in addition to the restrictions already imposed, nil meml>ers of fraternities and sororities will be denied the right of graduation or of representing the school in any field of effort or competition. This is according to an 0|>en letter from Supt. Cooper U^Trof. Twit mover. He calls Mr. Twitmevers attention to a re- cent ruling of the hoard which authorizes his action. According to the ruling, the superintendent is given authority 'to repeal all exist- ing regulations. 1 This phrase may or may not lx* significant, .for as far as the secret societies are concerned, they will go ahead and pros- per as before. There will he no difficulty in pledging and initiating new inemhersjj^they may l>o desired, lionise, far from creating any (lismay-^rritong the students, it has aroused a feeling of indignation and that natural antipathy to restriction which is inherent' in the American youth. * * * It is barely possible tliat Rho Gamma Chanter will incorporate, but it is a question whether such action would help mattery any or would onlv add fuel. to the flame.” Let- ters from the Sacramento. Cal., and Denver, Colo., chapters are also I >11 LI i died, showing a like spirit of insubordination against lawful' school authority. We incorporate these quotations in this opinion to illustrate the seditious spirit permeating this organization, with' which the school authorities wen* obliged to deal. Without further discussion of the evidence, we express our complete satisfaction with ouch and all of the findings made by the honorable trial court. . The only remaining question is whether the board of education had authority to adopt the rules complained of. Appellant insists that section ‘2334, Ballinger's Ann. Codes & St., provides who shall be admitted to the public schools, and that the board of education can not exclude any pupils so entitled to attend. No issue need be taken with this contention. The hoard 1ms not excluded the appellant from the Seattle High School, neither has it threatened to expel or sus- pend him. lie can and does attend school, and, under our construc- tion of the rules adopted, he is at the same time permitted to continue his moml)ership in the Gamma Eta Kappa fraternity; although in doing so he opposes the authority of the txtord and thereby forfeits certain privileges which are no necessary part of- the curriculum or class work, from which lie is not excluded. Respondents are only seeking to prevent a p radiant and his associates train dictating the terms on which they shall enjoy certain privileges which are merely incidental to the regular school work, ana this they have authority to do. Appellant further contends that,. as the fraternities meet out r of school nours at the homes of members, and at no time in the school building, and as their .parents consent to this action, the board is ex- ceeding its lawfuLauthority in entering their homes, in withdrawing from parents the control of their children, and in dictating what the children sKall or shall not do out of school hours. We think this con* tentiori unreasonable* The hoard has not invaded the homes of any .140 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS: JUDICIAL DECISIONS. ****** „ ««n P tmi %£II V k th * V T g ^ *? inte / fere ^ ith parental custody and wrinni' I Th y huve . not sa ' d these fraternities shall not meet at the S hon^ eS, Thl r ‘ a r they , 1 “‘tempted to control students out of school hours. The evidence shows bevond a doubt that these secret •organizations when effected foster a clannish spirit of insubordina- tion, which results in much evilto the good 6rder! harmony, discipline welfare ° f th e school. We can express these conditions Ciehrpr b th« er t?r ™ S ! ^ y . c l. ,K . )tln ? f rom the testimony of Prof. *Knt fee ’ the principal of the high school, who. says: “I have found X?^ h : P ,n - a ^ rnter nity has tended to lower the scholarship lJ in H r n y the general impression that one £* n dealing with them is one of less respect and obedience to teachers. It is found that there is a tendency toward the snobbish ?: d , patr °r ing air ’ n 9 t. only toward the pupils, but toward the teachers; there is a certain contempt for school authority. This is in a measure J think, aggravated by the attitude of the parent orgnni- cont P mJ h f Ch S T nS i t0 T° urage meml)ers of the fraternity iifthis b dSV° >1^1? ?“ tl i? nt * a J ld of the most difficult things - inl“ ” g , h tbe sl t ,la tion is the fact that the members have Ilrs ' allegiance to a general organization or headquarters, which are often located ih a distant city and which it is difficult to ’reach iind which SeST 55 * P °* n t * hC T me ", lbe 1 rs 111 th u ‘f 1 s / h001 a ver - v Powerful in- Huence. In dealing with these fraternity members I have Pff, a f U / ed nl « re than ° n <* they considered their obligation to their fraternity greater than that to the school.” The evidence v th0t ° f u h f P rcsident of the school board and fra^rniPica ? ut {j ont i ( ‘ s overwhelmingly establishes the fact that such S^nv 4 h r V mar , ked influence on the school, tending to destroy good order,,discipline, and scholarship. This being true, the board is authorized, and it is its duty, to take such* reasonable v™tin P i ) iL Priate fl aCtl01 ' b y< he .adoption of rules as will, result in pre- these influences. Such authority is granted by section 2339 KtArn.* n • «* ?*■ A ,isri “ It would be difficu t to confer a broader discretionary power than fcfSarlft Af SeCt ‘° nS - Manifest, y il was ‘he intention of cKn.^vi 1 i 4 T 4 ma nagement and control of the school affairs should he left entirely to the discretion of the board itself, and not to the judicial determination of any court. These powers have been and legally conferred ripen ,b. board, ,„7S ss U arb" .tranly exceeds its authority, which it hS.s not done here, the courts 10B \ 4 R Uh J tS /^!i 0n ' - (Kinzer v ‘ directors, etc. (Iowa), r tC a ’ ^ » Board of Education v. Booth (Kv \ 62 S W 870 MLS. A .,m ; Watton v City of Cambridge (iKI: “ N. E ,’& fbJttL a LP? ‘l r l 4 ha j c,ted 1 » number of cases which in effect decide toth? h i^b ^ TK°- U l ha ^ nb a “ thorit y refuse him admission to the high school. This the board has not attempted to do; hence are f n °vi m P° int - Tbe onl y ^ mentioned by appel- S S the questions here involved is Tat f State ex rel, Stallard v. White, 82 Ind. 278 42 Akn ^qa ; n ^tf t ^Se re n e C ° U T ° f India, ? a h . eld that ’ the officers and trus- hwk Univereity, an institution controlled and supported J no . an “Rplieant otherwise qualiledto dWILn 40 ^®! nber8hl P in Greek fraternities as a con- .te..to.^dau*jim i « a student The university an- thorities had adopted a rule that no Student should be permitted to join or be connected with any so-called Qreek or other college secret society, and as a condition of admission to the university or promo- tion therein should In? required to give a written pledge to observe such regulation. The relator declined to sign such a pledge and was refused admission as a student for that reason only. The decision which ordered his admission was by a divided court. The majority opinion, however, is not in point as supporting ap- pellant’s contention. The appellant has not been refused admission to the high school. The school authorities have only endeavored to exercise a governmental control over him after his admission, with- out even attempting to suspend him. In the majority opinion in State ex rel. Stallard r. White, supra, the court said: “The admis- sion (t£ s tudents in a public educational institution is one thing, and the^npnment and control of students* after they are admitted and ha^Recome subject to the jurisdiction of the Institution is quite another thing. * * * .It is clearly within tluv power of the trus- tees, and of the faculty when acting presumably or otherwise in their behalf, to absolutely prohibit any connection between the Greek fra- ternities and the university. Tiie trustees have also the undoubted authority to prohibit thf attendance of students upon the* meetings onsucli ( r reek fraternities or from having any other active connec- tion with such organizations, so long as such students remain under the control of the university, whenever such attendances upon the meetings of. or other active connection with, such fraternities tends in any material degree to interfere with the proper relations of stu- dents to the university.” The above language shows that the Indi- ana case, upon which the appellant relies, utterly furls to sustain any of his contentions. Our attention has not been called to any adju- dicated case at all similar to this. Citation to authority, however, is unnecessary, as under our statutes the respondent school board had undoubted authority to take the action of which appellant com- plains, and the courts should not interfere with said board in the en- forcement of j the rules and regulations which it has adopted. The judgment is affirmed* IV. THE STATUS OF THE PUBLIC- II Kill SCHOOL IN TIIE AMERICAN. SCHOOL SYSTEM (Board of Education of tbe City of Lawrence h Dick et nl. Supremo Court of Kansas. December 1, 1004. 78 I’ucltte, 812.) « Coming at this stage in the development of 'American public secondary education, the following case is worthy of considera- tion. It presents further evidence of the fact that .it was the design of the founders of our American states to include a complete system of education within the opportunity of nil. The case itself presents no really new feature, but is included here 'because it reaffirms in unmistakable terms a fundamental doctrine of the American / , ■■■■ school 142 STATE SCHOOL 8YBTKMHI JUDICIAL Dfce&IONS. interest t*d in the free public school t ho lowest to the The case arose from action by Harry Dick and Others against the Board of Education of the pity of Lawrence, toftest the constitu- tionality of that part of section i, ehaptor*224, pag| .‘120, of the La\\> of 1899 (section M0*>, General Statutes, 1901), atiilioming cities of ther second class to maintain high schools in whole! or in pai*t by col- lecting a tuition fee from each pupil. | The judgment for the plaintiffs rendered in th?V district court o’f Douglass County was affirmed. The decision of J Justice Green is thought to deserve careful reading by all those development and the protection of the American" system, including all grades of instruction from highest. The plaintiffs, for themselves and 400 others similarly situated, brought this •action to restrain the hoard of education of tin* city of Lawrence, a city of tlte second class, from enforcing one of its mom)- lutions previously adopted, authorizing the superintendent of its city schools to expel from the high school all resident pupils who Fefuscd to pay a tuition fee of $2.o() per term. The petition alleges that. the plaintiffs are residents and taxpayers of the citv of Law- rence, and tho parents of the children between the ages of 0 and 20 years; that the board of education had previously passed a ive erected out of the same.” Recognizing the groat need of popular education, the framers T>f our Constitution, in addition to the provisions hereinl**fore quoted making it compulsory upon the legislature to establish a uniform system of common .schools, inserted section 3, art. (>, which reads: “ The proceeds of all lnmls that have l>eon or may be granted by the United States, for the support of schools, and the five hundred thou- sand acres of land granted to the new states, under an act of Congress distributing the proceeds of public lands among the several States of tin* Union, approved September 4. A. I). 1841, and all estates of per- sons dying without heir or will, and such per cent as may he granted by Congress, on the sale of lands in this stnte, shall be the common property of the state shall be a perpetual school, fund, which shall not- lie diminished, but the interest of which, together with all the rents of the lands, and such .other menus as the Legislature may pro- vide, bv tax or otherwise, shall be inviolably appropriate to the sup- port of the common schools." Ample provisions are found elsewhere for the annual distribution of this, fund to the several county treas- urers of the state, to be used in the' support of the common schools. In _ addition to the fund thus provided, the legislature has made pro- visions for the support of (lie common schools, and enacted rides for the general management by officers to l>e electeft by the voters of the locality "’here the. schools ure ‘to lie. iiiniiitiiined. - - In view of the numerous prov' .ions mode bv the general govern- v ment and Ihe Constitution of this stnte ns well ns the history of its ■ J legislative enactmvnt, for the 'establishment nnd inniirtenance of a common school system under which, .the children lnive been educated for the past 40 years, the suggestion that such schools are not free j comes us a surprise at least. This, however, cannot change the pro- visions of our Constitution. and it is to such provisions we must look , to determine whether the system of common schools it commands the legislature to encourage was to be a system of fref common schools or pay common schools. , We can only determine this by ascertaining what* was meant bv the words “ common 'schools,” as therein used. i If we find that tlicy. have acquired a technical meaning, tve must ,j 144 SXATK SCHOOL SYSTKMs: JUDICIAL DECISIONS. assume that, they were used in the Constitution in' their technical sense. I he high school in cities of the second-class is a department of the common school system of such a citv^in which the higher grades of the conmion school are taught, llonrd of Education v!. Welch, 51 Kan., i92. Mil I*ne., ; Whitlock v. State ex rel. School District, dO Neb,. 815, 47 NAV., *JK4. The phrase common school^ is synonymous with “ puidic schools." Jenkins y. Andover, 103 \Jass., ? 04. Both have been defined hv lexicographers and by judi- cial interpretation to mean *’ free schools/’ Merrick and others v. Inhabitants of Mnjierst ami others. 12 Allen, 500; Roach' v. The '2 Board of President and Directors of the St. Louis Public Schools, ^ AIo., 484; Collin^ v. f Iciidcrsou, etc., 74 Kv.. 74; Irvin (irogorv > i(ia.), 13 S. Iv, 120 K oa ch v. Board of President and Directors of the St. Louis Public Schools. 7 Mo.. ApjY;. 507 ; People v. Hoard of Edu- cation of Brooklyn. 13 Dark. 100. In 25 Ain. and Eng. Encyc. of-^ ^ L., it is said: ‘•Common or public schools are. as a general rule, schools supported by general taxation, open to all of suitable age and attainments, fret 4 of expome. and under' the control of agents ap- pointed by voters. Mr, Black, in his Law Dictionary, defines com- mon schools to be “ schools maintained at the puli^ic expense and ad- * imnistered hv a biirt*nu of the state, district, or municipal government, f^the gratuitous education of the children of nil citizens without - distinction.” Mr, Anderson, in his Law Dictionary, says: Common or public schools are schools supported by. general* taxation, open to nil free of expense, and under the control or agents appointed by the voters." Kcimlje and Lawrence define common schools to l>e pul^c or free schools, maintained at public expense, for the elomentarv e^B- cation of children of .all elapses." Mr. Bouvior. in his Law Dff- ti^hrv, sn vs that common schools are “ schools for general olementiirv instruction, free to all the public," Chancellor Kent, in his Com- mentaries, vol. 2. p. 105, in discussing free copimon schools in the several states of the Union. on the continent, and in many European . countries, uses the phrase “ romnion schools ” exclusively. It inmt In* assumed that the men who wrote our Constitution used the i/tira^ ‘‘common schools "Jn its technical sense, as we find it defininn. We think it follows, therefore, both from authority and reason, that the phrase “common schools” was used ip the Constitution in its tech- nical sen$c, which means free schools, add that the common schools of Kansas' an 4 free schools, The act of the legislature attempting to authorize boards of (‘duration of cities of the second class to collect tuition fees for the admission of resident pupils into such schools violates this provision of the Constitution of this Stutd, and is therefore void. \ A contention is made that the word “ otherwise,” 'found in tluk latter part of section 3, art. ti. of the Constitution by winch the legislature is* directed to add to the permanent school fund by taxes or otherwise, is an express authority to add to it by charging a tuition fee. The word “ otherwise,” as there used, simply means that the Legislature may set apart for public school purposes Mich moneys as may t'oine^Trito tin 4 * public tmisury incidentally, such ns fines imposed for violnthdf of laws of the State, and item* of a similar character. To charge and collect a tuition fee would not be adding to the permanent school fund. mi MM \ THE STATUS OF THE PTJ ULIO HIGH SCHOOL. 145^ Vml! 1 V£'f ti n n tl !r t ? ,aintiffs cannot maintain this action, on the ground that an individual cannot maintain an action to restrain pub- “ rS fr °, m P* rformi "g « P“Wic duty, unless such party Tan sW some personal, pecuniary, or special interest, or slme injury which he c.nnor'bPsSfn.d tne exclusion prthe plaintiff’s children from the public schools is a ?n rn ° n H1 lf rh they have a special and peculiar interest, not hfeld in common by (lie,! people of the state. Wile the people of the state and county hafca a general interest in the education of its children thflt^K i’i 81011 ' a r V partlcu,ar child directly affects the parents W that child in a much greater degree than i( 'does the public P In Craft V v. Jackson Co 5 Kan., 518, 521, it is said “ If he fnjurV is one that * particularly a tweets a person, lie has his right of action ^ concurring gment ' ° f the court below is affir ™d. All the Justices 19752— Bull. No. 3—07 10 BXJBJECT INDEX.® [Figures ,56. Administrative control and supervision of ele- awntagr^aad secondary education, re view 'll Adminlnrat ion , elementary and secondary edo- cation, Jegtinjiad, (1-176), 17-». Agencies, Employment. See Teachers* agendas. A |rksui uir a^ m j erloient station*. See Xgfauf- Agrlcultuiai funds. Bee Funds. Agricultural Institutes. See Farmers' institutes. Agriculture, oolfor* of, Ark., (709), 122; Iowa, (917), 100; Haas., (886), 110; N. J„ («4), 110; ad- ministration, N. Y., (716), 122; N. Y., (V/4), nan >, refer to enactment numbers; others to pages.} r A Pa ** I Animals, humane treatment of, N. Dak., (tit), . !“• 108; Okl.., («») 108; P» («4i mg. Aggaratua, school, expenditure for, Tenn^ (JB4) An 122 ; Pa., (716), 122: Wyo., (718) , 123; amendment, constitution, Utah, (708), 121; establishment, N. Y., (710), 122; N. Y., (7/4), 122; farmers’ in- stitutes at, (638-638), 112-1 13; Instruction at. Ark.. (709), 122; Iowa, (7/0), 122; Minn., (7/1), 122; N. Y. ( (7/3), 122; N. Y.. (7/4), 122; Utah, (704). 121; Utah, (7/6), 123; tar'll. Ind., (88$), 117; Iowa, (678), 117; legislation, (W-7/3). 122- 123; name of, Wash.. (7?7), 123: review of legis- lation, 122; scholarship* at. N. J., (7/f), 122; support and fund, Colo., (684), 116; Conn- (666), lio; Ind., (669), 117; ind , (670), 117; Kana., (677), lit; K>ns.,(678) ( U8; R.I., (686), llS; taxation, lowa, (674), 117; Ky., (678), 118. Agriculture, elementary Instruction In, Mass., *(888) , 110; Minn., (6*1), 110; N. J., (6*4), 110; Wis.,(6*^),in; Agriculture" county schools of, Minn., (683), 110. Aid, state, buildings, 8. C., (344), 66; Va., (357), «; county normal schools. Mich., (476), 87; Wia., (478), 87; deaf, echpdls for, Ohio, (74»), fi 50: Minn., (8*7). 60; Teon., (&), 61; Utah, . (0S6), 51; Vt., (OS), 51; WU., K kSS), 51; Wti., (839), 51; (aee auo Apportionment, state school funds; high schools. Cal., (841), 52; Fla., (*48), 62; Mass., (145), 53; Minn./ (146), 53; Minn., (*47), 43; N. H., (346), ifc k. Dak., (lift), 53; Pa * («7M15; Vt., («M), U5TY .. (*38), 51; industrial education, Maas.. (fitt)M6; Minn., (6*3), 110: N. J. ( ( 6 * 4 ), 110; N. J.. Cdt 6), ill; secondary education, leg- islation, (60-661), 51-53: review of legislation, 61; supervision of schools, Me., (**5), 50; teach- ers’ salaries, Ohio, (091a), 80, teachers’ summer sobools, Va., (497), «0i AloohoUc drinks, effects of inatruotioo, N. Dak., <*»). 106 ; 8. Dak., (6/0), 108. Alumni associations, Mien.. (7*3), 134. Amendments, state constitutions, bonds and In- debtedness for school purposes. CaU (88ft), 55; Idaho, (671), 66;>*exemptioa r Ohio, (169), 58; col- leges, exemption from taxation, CU., (719), 123; - ««.. (730), 124; factory inanition, La., (368), ' ***** school. Idaho, (/if), 42: Nev., (»/), 42; N. Dak., (806), 43; N, I „ (Stt, 4 ; foduatrtal institute, (6/F 10ft; lands. School, eaje of, N. D*k., (/An, t superintendents of •ohoob, eounty, gui.Hdostions. s; Dak,, (65), 27; taxation, focal Ark- (W, 50; university and a gr kill t u re 1 oODqge, Utah, (703), 1 apportionment state school fund, Mies., ( 008 ), 5ft N. Y.. (Ad), 43; Tenm, (*Si),6l; conditions for. Wash., (*S7), 51; exemption from oeneua, B. Dak., (6/0)^*!: forfeiture of, FI*., (4/4), |£ “• "*“7 n. w um m ui, r ia- i otmj, sc N.Y. (46/), fc; high schools, CsL &/), 52; method of. Cal., O/S, 45: CaL, (*/?) , 47; ind, (Wn.fS; N.J.,(i&).^rn (!&),«>; N.y’ (33/), 50; Oreg.. (268), 50; r *— ^ « — ■ ‘ ance, countea for, B. (j it school sttcod- 51; schools tor review of legislation,^. Appropriations. 8ee Apportionment, Aid, State, Tanners’ institutes, etc. Arbor dsy, Ark., (696), 111. Arkansas, university of, teachers’ certificate to graduates, Aric.. (J/9),t7. Arrangement, method of, 12. Assessors, duties, Wle., (*67), 55; oompeomtfoo. Pa., (618), 40. Associations, school-boards, Pa- (631, 27. Athletics, Instruction In, Pa. (Mtt 107; oontrot of, Mass., (606), 107. Attendance, avenge dally, reoord and report of. Cal., (60) , 2ft. Attendance, compulsory. Msss., (446), 95; Mass- (449), 06; Mass., (453), 97; Mksh., (4U),97; N.J, (460), ft8; Tenn., (47/), 90; age certificates. D*L (436), 95; Maas., (446), 06; R.I., (570) . 80; VSSl Md., (740), 127; deaf. ilL (7 48), 125; kd , (740). 127; deaf and biW, Md., (444), 95; enfold ment, state board of education. Conk- (434), 95; exemptions, Cal- (433), 95; N. Dak., «H)» 98; feeble-minded, N. Dak., (464), 96; Indiana! JiJSaiS£*^£SSfc f® ' M w. Va- revisw (3B),95* f>el.,<536),&; paui period of, Minn., (666), 9 /Tm (667) ,97: N. Dak- («4), *: 0 (471), 99; Vt.. (4fiT»; Vt., (478), 100: relief from. Max _ of legislation. 94; violation, deftnltian ot Me- ^0), K^NSr., (446), 93^N. J„ (m%?W. Attendance, compulsory. Set alto Truancy 115. Attendance of pupOa, plaoe of, Idaho, (618), 91; «; Orag., (Uf). M: Tm. (*S),W; y tv, («»).**; upaui, W., i 1 1 k on,., (4*6) , 94; temporary transfer, okla., (4*7), 98. Attem^,lS^rf.C.,(4») ( ». ^ Attendance offlotn. 8tt Trnant officers. Auditor, board of school coma t M8* Bwem, socepUnw snduss » Board or education, state, kxkf (6), 19; Conn., (10). 19; Kans.. ( 60to ), 106; ejection, Vs, (S3), 21; expenses, Md- (16), 20: powers snd du- ties, teachers' certificates, Cal, (376), 69; Va., Boart/s of examiners, county, Kane., (45), 24; N .J ., (5f),25: state. La., (357), 73; N. C- (IS), 21. Board of regents, university, Minn., (595), 120; Ner., (599), 120. Board of school trustees. See Boards snd officer*, local. Board of visitors, Va.. (705), «l; Va., (708). 1*1. Bonds and indebtedness. Bee Buildings, bonds for. Bonds and Indebtedness, school legislation, (968- 997), 66-68; bonds and indebtedness, school, re-> view of legislation, 66. Bonds and Indebtedness, local school, accounts of, Iowa, (175). M; exemption from taxation, Ohio, (989), 68; Wyo- (997), 68; high school Cal., (819) .82; Interested, Fla. (#/)/«; Idaho, (575) , 66; Nebr. (996), 67; Issuance, 111,, (ffi), 66; Iowa, (977). 66; Kans . (175). 86: La.. (WO), 57; Mkh-'(f3/).S7; Minn- (Wf). 67; Mont.,(«5), 67; Mont., (684) « «7; Okla*, (991), «; 8. Dak., (193), «, Tax., (5), 17; lssuanoe for school build- ings. Ark- (815), 62; Ark.. (337), 02: Cal., (899), 62; Iowa, (198). 36: Kv,, (pf), 63: Kaos.jm) , * 63; La-(334K&; MdS(SW).68; N, J., (MT>. 66; 8. a, («5),«; rf. Dak., MS). 64; 1 Va- ®7). 64; Va., (*48), 64; * Va- (991), tt; WU, (Wl). 64; limitations. Idaho. (17 t), 56; Ind. (#75). 66; S3; W. Va -(*96), 68: maximum, Va, (w), o4; payment ol ChL (Ml). 66; Conn, (ffO), 66; riL (iroTto; Kans, (ffS), 56; Kans, (979), fi^Nebr, ), 68; Oreg v (3 Off 63; H. I., (344), Vt.. (W, 9i, Wa&.,'l5W, 64, selection, Mich., (337), 63; state aid, 8. C., (366), 66; suits, settlements, Cal., (385), 62: taxation for, 8. C., (355), 66: Tex., (3). 17; Wash., (960) , 64; insanitary, condemnation, Vt., (354), 67; ventilation, Pa- (354), to- Buildings, school. See Buildings and rites. Buildings, state education, N. Y- (/), 17. Business manager, Mass , (97), 31. California, university of, training of teachers at, CaL, (375), 69. Carnegie foundation, N. Y. v (717), 124. Catalogue, school library, Wis., (35), 22. Census, school, Tenn . (57/), 99; Tex.fs(3), 17; B. Dak., {610), 91; 8. Dak, (611), 91; aptreriion- ment or state school funds upon, Oreg.. (f3f) , 50; compensation for, N. Mex , (507), 91 -N. C., (W5) 91; defective classes, Md., (5i5), 96; N. Dak., (609). 91; false returns, penalties, Mich., (601), 91; N. Mex- (507* 91; 8. Dak., (5//), 91; legisla- tion. (500-4/f), 9D-91; method of taking, Mich., (603), 91; Nev., (505), 91: N. Max., (607), 91; 8. Dak., (811), 91; review of legislation, 91; substi- tute for, Cal., (600), 90; time of taking. Iowa. (601), 90; Iowa, (60f), 90; N. H., (606), 91; Va- (5/f), 91. Ceramics. Instruction In, Iowa, (617), 109. Certificates, teachers’. See Teachers’ certificates. Charitable institutions, education of children in. Mo., (59S), 93. Charts, school, expenditure for, Teno., (£54) > 55, Chattanooga, school buildings and grounds, Tenn . (969), 67. Child labor. Cal.. (689), 95; Bel- (696), 95; La., (539), 96; Ud., (544), M; Mass.. (54 7). 96; Mich- (663 ) , 97; Mo., (686) , VI i N. Y- (55/) , 98; Wash., (577), 100: W. Va*. (579), 100; age certificates, Kans., (537), 96; Mich- (553). 97: Uctory inspec- tion, La- (535), 96; legislation, (699-681) . 91-100; permits* to work. Cal- (593), 96; review of legis- UtioQ, 90: schooling certiflcate/Maos*, (545), 96; Mich- (553), 97; Pa- (668), 99; P*.’, (539), 99; R. I- (670), 99; Vt., (573), 100; work certificate*, Conn- (534), 96? • Citations, method of, 1ft. . . a ties, boards of education in Boards and offi- cers, local); classification OT, Pa- (/7i), 89. Cttisn, teacher most be. Moot- (374), 69. Classification, plan of, u. Clerk, of school boards or board of education. Bee Boards and officers, looaL C^^flohwl^oompUatim. &4nn- 17 (&»tnoto) ; - -/v ‘ ' '3-Mi {Figure* in iiaUet, within parentheses, refer to enactment numbers; others to peges.] Colleges, agriculture (tee Agricolturaljootlegee) ; exemption from texetton, CeL, (753), 123; fe- male, (996), 120; government of, Ind., (75ft), 123; name of, 8. C.. (759), 124; reports of, 8. C., (70f) , 121. Commercial schools and oollegee, Wla, (751), 124. Commission, text-b6ok, Cal., (9), 19; Mo., (393), 104; on industrial and technical education. Mass., (330), 109; Mass., (311), 109; Mia, (855), 110; common school fund, Vt, ($09), 43. Commissioner, county school, appointment, Md , U7), 24; salary, Del., (33), 21 Compulsory attendance. See Attendance, com- pulsory. Consolidation and transportation. See Districts, school, consolidation, etc. Consolidation of school districts, legislation, (ISO- 176), 37-39. (3/9-43/), 92-94; review of legialatlon. 37.92. Constitutional amendments. See Amendments, constitutional. Constitutionality of statutes. See Decisions, state supreme court#. Contracts, by members of the boards of education, Utah, (//?), S3. Conventions, oourity and city superintendents, Utah, (ft), 18; school board, Minn., (49), 2ft; N. Dak., (3*), 25; Pa., (83), 27; Wis., (74). 28. County boards and officers, legislation, {$8-76 ) , 23-28; review of legialatlon, 22. County board of education. See Board of educa- tion , county, bounty 1 CotSity beam of examiners. 8ee Board of exam- iners, county. County high schools. See High schools, county. County superintendent of schools. See Sujlerin- teudent of schools, county. County school commissioner See Coro miui oner, county sohooL Course of study, agriculture, Maas., (9tt), 110; Minn.. (833), 110, Wia. (85fto), 111; deaf, schools for, Wia, (38) , 22; domestlo sotenoe. Aria, (8/8) , 109; Minn. (833). 110; drawing, Arix., (8/3). 109; history, olvics, patriotism. Ark., (6D8), 107;. hu- mane education, N. Dak., (8/f), 108; Oku., (8/3), 108. Pa, (8/4), 108; manual training, Aria, (8/8), .109; moral education, Va, (8//), 106; music. Aria, (8/5), 109; physical education, Fa. (307); uY; physiology and hygiene, N. Bak., (809). 108; course of Study, state. Aria, (8/8), 109; Kane., (8Qto), 10A; Mich., (/9). 20; Oreg., (804), 10A See alto Subtect-matter of Instruction. Crippled children, education of, 111., (731), 127; Ohio, (753), 127; legialatlon, (759-735), 127. Curriculum ( tee Course of study); special studies, director of. Hast., (98). 81. Days, special, for observation in schools, Ark.. (MD. 107; Ark., (838), 111* Conn., (837), 111. Deaf children, census of. N. Dak., (809), 91; educa- tion of, HL, (7 IS), 128; Mans., (7*7), 125; Midi., (718), 128; Ohio, (719), 127; Wis., (38) .22. Deaf and dumb, legiaLatlcm, (748-749), 125; review of legislation, 12a Decisions, state suprOMk ooorts, authority of board of education, IdPa ,132; Wash., 135. fare a of pupils, street railway#, Masa, (5J3),93; Maas. , 93, (footnote) ; Florida, university of, Fla., (893) , 119; high schools, Kane, 141; Vt, (8&), lift, kin- dergarten attendance, CaL, (l/&s), 47; normal school funds, Mont. (479), 86; nonnal schools, practice teaching) DL. 128; sale of liquors near publio school*, ukh„ (588) ,58; university funds, Idaho, (879), 117. Defectives. kflrfalatJoo, .(748-735), 128-127; review of legislatlon/128. Deformed ohildren, education of. See Crippled ohlldren. Degrees, college, 8. (X, (789), 124. joty state superintendent of pabllo instmo- tton. See Styeihntandent of publio Instruction, , deputy. ^ Detroit, reorganisation of board of. edaoatlon. flonof 8e« Teachers 1 cerMnca ten. Discipline, haring, Ohio, (381), 100. Districts, school, boards and officers of (see Boards and officer*, local) ; boundaries, change of, Tex., (/7i), 39; Iowa, ( 166 ), 87* Iowa, (168), 87; Tex,, f/7ft), 89; classification. Ohio, (/87), 38; Pa., (171), 39; consolidation of. Iowa, (/ftp), 87; Ky., i/dri), 37; Minn., (191), 38; Minn., (/ftf), 88; Minn., (/8j), 38; N. Y.. (161), 38; N. Dak., (166), 38>Okla, 38; One., (169), 89; Pa, (170), 39; oonsoli- )n commission for rural schools, Minn., (196), 38; consolidated, apportionment of prop- erty, Conn., (16M), 37; division of assets and lia- bilities, Iowa, (/3s), 37; bonds of, 8. Dak., (Sftft), 64; school committees in, Conn., (166), 87; crea- tion and formation. Ga, U55), 37; N. C., (166), ' 38;. Tex., (J), 17; Tex., (/7ft), 89; Utah, (/7ft), 39; formation and change, time of. Cal., (161), 87; formation and division, Va, (179) , 39; formatiwf union, alteration, Wla, (1m), 86; high school, joint, Wla., (8S0), 116; Wla, (661), 116; independ- ent, organization of, -a Dak., (17f), 39: legisla- tion, (730-/75), 37-39; organization, CaL, (130), 37; Mich., (101), 81; S. Dak., (175), 89; regulation of speolal tax districts, Fla, (/ftft), 37; review of legislation, 87; township, division of. Iowa ( 737), 37; village, definition, Ohio, . 65; Wia., (466), 66; agricultural oollcgps tire Agri- cuttural college); higher educational Institu- tions (set under tTnlvereitles, Colleges, Normal schools); normal schools (see Normal schools} ; universities (see Universities). Fins drills. Vt., (665), 101; legislation, (688), 101; review of legislation, 101. Flag day, Conn., (047), 111; N. Mex., (574), 68. Flag, Unit (T73),68. Flcnda, higher educational institutions in, Fla., (693), 119. Football, decision, Iowa supreme court, 133. Franklin Union, establishment, Boston, Mass., (690), 113. Fraternities, college, taxation of property, Ind., (67/), 117: Kans., (676), 118; high school, deci- sion, Washington supreme oonrt, 136. Funds, retirement. Set Tearliera' pensions. Funds, state agricultural, investx^ent, Kans., (190), 42 Funds, state school, creation* Vt - (606), 43; bonds of, paynmt, Kans., (197), U; bonds of, ex- change, Kans., ( 196), 42; distribution (see Appor- tionment); increase of. N. Y.. (605), 43; 8. C., (407), 43; Investment, Cal., (/M), 43- Fla, (/*4)> 43; Idaho, (196), 42; Ind., (186), h: Kans., (1M), 43; Mlnu.. (400), 43; Ne*., (901), 43; N. Y., (404), 43; N. Dak- (605), 43; N. Dak., (606), 43; B. Dak., (908), 43; Va., (609). 105: legislation, (198-910). * ‘ ; preservation, N. Y., (*B), 43; recovery of 13:refund- . 6 ., ( 909 ), iwwuuiiii iuwuii iugh school, Idaho, (445). &2: United States deposit fund, investment, N.Y., (404), 43. Funds, teachers’ institute, III., (468). 88; La., (18S), 88: N. Dak., (969), 65; Okla., (#/), 89; Ortw., U0J), 89; Wia.. (W), 90: direct tax, 8. C., (407), 43; local school depositories for, N. Dak., (465), 65; sending of, III., (476), 66; use of, Me., (458), 64. Qtfts for educational purposes. See Bequests. Gifts, for high schools, Ind., (614), 114. Graded schools, state aid to. ate Aid, state. Grammar schools, heed masters, Meet., (46), 31. Haring, Ohio, (664), 100. Health regulations, legislation, (564-669), 103-104; review ol legislation, 101. Heating, school buildings, Pa., (554). 65. Higher educational institutkma, legislation, (665- M), 116-131; reports of, 8. C., (709), 131; review of legislation, lie, 119. H^h schools, attendance. Wyo., (664), 116; build- ings and sites. Wia. (5*4), 64; certificates of en- trance to ninth grade, Oreg..(6Gi), 106; county, Iowa, (#), 34; Va, (70), 28; decisions upon, supreme court, Vt., (658), 115; definition, N. H., (fill), 114: discontinuance, N. II., (654), 116; elections 7or t Wia, (660)j 116; Wia, ($6t), ' 116; elections for, Wia, (660), 116; Wia, (69/), Wyo., (464), 110; establishment, Ark., (640, 113; 114; kmu.; \t(m, ii«: m. t:, (tui: ni- imy, IU; *,&..< ,114; botdmu- tars, Mu*., ( 96 ), 81: laslr action in, Kana, (647), U4; Kana. W*>, il4; N. C., (66/), 115; Wyo., legtriarioR(64/-d«).lU-n6; officers. « knp,LiM.%nlM vigBt* ■ , supreme court, Holidays, college. 8. C., (70/), 131; school (see Days, special school), Aria^ (5/6), 92; Me., (5/7), 92; N. yT(5/6),M. Hot Springs, Ark., high school, Ark., (64. U; fund. f«; Idaho, (*W), ll7: kstostotion, 68; scholarships, DeL, (4*9), 84; 111., (AT) l 84; Ky.. (468), 84; taxation, Iowa, (976), lift; Ohio, (636), U8; teachers' certificates to graduates, Nsbr., (99/), 78; text-books. Wash,, (479) , 86; trustees, Ind., (4*9) , 84; U*.7(4«4) , 85; toitWWsafa., (479), 86. Itosmaftndnli* olseees. Mtoh., (19). 20: Midi., (477), 87. North Carolina, text-books of history of, N. C., (696), 106. % Officers, school, eligibility, Vt., (6), 18 (»*e alto under Boards ana officers, state, county, local) . Ohio, State University of, Ohio, (1/6), 44; Ohio University, (699), 118; taxation for, Ohio, (000), 118. Parks, use ot for educational purposes, Ind„ (699). 112. Patriotism, teaching ot Ark.. (006), 107. Paupers, compulsory attendance, Vt., (976), 100; education of, Kens., (690), 93; Mo.. (696), 96. Peabody College for Teachers, Tenn., (466), 8& Peabody Normal School, teachers’ certificates to I^SSoc^de^rttMts 7 ©!. Set Teacher*' col- Pensions. 8ee Teachers’ pensions. Pharmacist, exemption of, Vt., (to), 18. Philadelphia, reorganisation of system of school control. Pa., (//J),J2. Ph/aicai qdurOjon, Pa., (0C7) t KIT. Phyrioal examination. Set inspection, m e dic a l* Physicians, school, appointment, Maas., (666), 102. Physiology, instruction in, N, Dak.. (000), 108. Plans, school buildings, approval, Pa., (961) , 66; §. C., (966), 65; Va.. (tod), §6; Va,. (197), 66. Practice schools, decision, Illinois supreme court, 127. Prefatory note, 7. Presentation, method of, 11* Principals, school, report of, N. C,, (J06), 88. ^rivateschools, Ohio, (659), 113; re., (640), 118. ►Professional and higher technical education, legislation, (708-7/9), 121-123; review of legisla- tion, 122. , • Professorships, endowed, Minn;, (680), U8. Prohibition districts. Arts., (000), 119; Ark., (691), 119 (it* also Buildings and sites, prohibition districts). Qualifications, voters’ .legislation, (/99-/4P) ,34-86; review of legislation, 34. Qualifications of voters at school elections^ CaL (181), 35; Okla.. (/46). 16; Wyo., (U8). 36. Read, meaning of ability to, Mass., (#49) . 96. Reoords and reports, school, lost or destroyed, Cal.t (60), 29. Regents, University of the State of New York, N.Y., (69), 21. Reports, treasurer, board of education, Okla., (Ill), Zt, school, N. C,, (106), 83; Bute sapertn- tenaent of puhllo Inst ruction, Iowa, (/I), 19, Retirement funds. 8m Teachers’ pensions. Reviews of legislation, explanation, 15; adminis- tration ana supervision, 17; administration units, districts, townships, municipalities, 37; agrieultural oollegea, 122; aid, sUte, tor second- ary education. 51 ; apportionment of state school funds, 46; attendance, oompulsory. 94; build- iegs and sites, 62; buildings and sites, sanita- tion, 67; buildings and rites, state aid, 65; census, school, wTchfld labor, 94; consolidation of schools, 90; county boards and ofteen, 22; de- liotlvss, education of, 126: district, township, ahd municipal beards and olBoers, 28; fin a nce aad support, local, 63; finaaos and support, state. 49; finense, lands, support, higher adoca- tional insmuttotua. ill; fire drills, IDl; health itguUrions, Wlinigbir educational jtotoltu- t Ions, 1 19; high schools and academies. 111; in- dustrial edorettoo, 106; inspection medloaL 101; libraries, school. 124; noraai echooM. eotmtr, 86; normal soaooU state, ,88; prijato ^ind klghar endowed institutions, miprot Jbi- tfon dGtfirts, Bofiocl buUdings and wtas, 68: quaafioaUons tor voters, 34; school bond* and SJt> «UAtiAna ear ectond tndsbtedafus, 5& sohool deotioM, 34; sc mesttofa, 34; ■toteboard* and otoqer s, lg 1 T ! ' IB2 SUBJECT TNDEX. [TIiqim Italia, with in parentheses, refer to enactment-numbers; other* to pages.) S3; teacher*’ employment, oontracts, appoint- ment, and dismiss* 1. 79; teacher*' examination*, 09, 77; teacher*’ institute*, 87; teacher*' pen- sions, 81; teachers' salaries, 80; text-book* and ■applies, 104: transportation of pupils, 93; tru- ancy, 94; universities and oolleges, state, 119. Rochester, teachers’ retirement fund, N. Y., {#1), Roxbury Latin School, trustees, Mas*:. (MO), 114. Rural school*, consolidation, commission for, Minn.. (/«). 38; Inspector, "wis., (37), 22; state ajd^Mlnn., (197)., 60; state aid to (sic also Aid, Rural schools, state aided, teachers’'' qualifica- tions, Minn.. 433) 79. Balaries, boards of education, Utah, (//7),33: nor- mal schools, Oreg., (68 l), 118; payment, Oreg., (M4). ll?, teachers ( see Teachers, salaries) ; uni- versities, Oreg., (004), 118, Sanitation, school buildings, Utah, (383), 07; Vt., li), 07; W. Va., (555)^7. holarshlpt, agilcuhura) colleges, N. J., (7 If), 122; military colleges, Vt., {706), 121; normal schools, Va., (708), 121; Polytechnio Institute, . (007). 120; report* of, 8. C. ( ( 709 ), 121; university. 111., (0|i>, 120. 8chool boards. See boards and officers, local. School buildings. See Buildings, school. School census. See Census, school. Schools, dosing of, N. C., 088), 90. Schools, multiplication 01, beyond capacity t-» support, Va.,(/78), 40. School sites. See Buildings and sites. Scope of bulletin, 9. Secondary education. See under Aid, state; Hi gh schools, academies, etc. Secretary, state text-book commission, Cal., (tf), Sites, schools. Set Buildings and sites. South Carolina Day, observation of, S. C., {609), 107. State aid. See Aid, State. 1 State board of education. See Board of educa- tion. State. State boards and officers. See Boards and officers, State. State board of examiners. See Board of exam- iner*, State. State school funds. Bee Funds, State school. State superintendent of publlo instruction. 8ee Superintendent of publlo instruction, State. State text-book oomzniuior^. Bee Commission, Subject-matter of Instruction, legislation, (399- 017), 103-111; review of legislation, 100. Summer schools. See Teachers, summer schools. Superintending school ooxnmlttees. See Boards and offloer*, local. Superintendent of education. 8e* Superintend- ent of public instruction. State. Superintendent of public instruction, State, Iowa, ffuhT (»),ai; Superintendent of school*, city, Vt., (U9). 33; as- lant, Mas*. (89), 81; convention* df, Utah, -- .M i r-z,gfr <*>. w; ppwtn of, in Buffalo, N. Y., m f). te; power* and dutle*, Wla., («), 26; N. Mex., 25; N. Dak- (iff), 36; Ores., (09), 30; S. C., (04)* 37; Va., (08), 27; Wle., <7f), fc; (Vi*., (70), 28; vacanoy, Utah, (17 f), 30. Superintendent of echools, division, Va., (79), 28; Wla, (75), 28; Wle., (70), 28. Supervision, e l em e n tary and secondary educa- tion, (l -tiff), 17-39; special school districts, N. H.,'(435), 80. Supplies, school, sale of, misrepresentation, N. Y., (5fi4), 106; sale of, regulation, Okie., (398), 106. Si^port of public *chool*, capacity for, Va., (/78), Taxation, cities. Bee Taxation, local. Taxation, county. See Taxation, local. Taxation, fraternities, Greek letter, Ind., (07/), 117; Kan*., (070), lift. Taxation, local, approval. Ohio, ( 8/4 ), 00; as- sessor, Pa., (310), 01* buildings, 8. C., (355), 05; collection, 8. U, (0/8), 61; county school fund, N. O, (0/0), 60; debt payments, Mont., (903), 67; districts for, Ga., (900), 69; etectioaa for. Ga., (900), 69; N. C., (5/1), 60; estimates of, Iowa, (501), 50; exemptions, Cal., (790), 123; Tex., (700), 124; high echools, Kens.. (010), 114; N. H., (055), 115; Increase, Ark., (990), 69; Cal., (tdff), 59^Kans., (904), *9; Industrial education. Mass., (091), 110; levy, Nebr (500), 60; Ohio, (0/0), 61, Va- (179), 39; Tex., (0), 17; libraries tor, Pa.; * limitations, Mich., (90S), 69; Nebr., Qa, Nebr., (S07a),6O; N.J' (0, Okla, (0/7), 61; Utah. (050); 61; Va,'(0l/), 61; pensions, teachers', Ohio, (Of), 82; reports of, Mich.. (906), 00; special, Ind., (30/), 69; special, buildings, W. Va, (035), 61; special, manual training and domeetio Science, Aria, (0/0), 109; special, payment of Indebtedness, Ark., (0J7), 62; teachers, salaries, W. Va., (093), 61; text-books, Utah, (990), 61; Utah, (580). 106. Taxation, State, legislation, (iJJ-ilff), 44; review of kwiriatlon, 44. Taxation, State, agricultural and mechanical col- *“ Iowa, (0/4), 117; Ky., (0//), 44; Ky., (078), 118; common tlon of funds Superintendent of schools. county, Tax.. (0), 17; ft! H), 117; Ky., (Bit), 44; Ky. L schools. Ky., (9//), 44; dlstribu- AXAXAum (tee Aid, State, and Apportion- ment); high school, special. Idaho, (944), 62; in- <*■>• N * (»•>.»; n. Wex., (811), 60; Wis-, (89i), 61: Inheritance tax, La., (1/0), 44; levies for, Ind., (ft/). 48; La., (9/9), 44; Md., (tfj), 44; Ohio, (0/5), 44; normal school, Iowa, (075), 118; Ohio, («80). 118; railroad* ami canals, property, N. J., (930), 60; university, Iowa, (070), 117; Ohio, (its), 44; Ohio, (089), 118; Ohio, (000), 118; Wis., (080), 119; Wyo., (688), 119. teachers' agencies, fees of. Conn.. (491), 79. Teachers, appointment, Maas., (4 St ), 79. Teacher*' associations, county, organisation of, Mo., (430), 78; State aid, Maas., (hff), 7ft, Teachers, oertifleation, N. Mex., (084), 74; N. Cl. 111., (078). 72; classification of, Iowa, (589), 72; (000), 72; Mich., (580), 73; Nebr., 73; Indorsements, Ark., '{#?), Kans.." (114), y, ^1., (407), 76: Wis., wane* ^30^), 72; La., (435), 88; Nebr., (30/), 73; Okie., NfW). »: Wl.„ (40S). 75; Wls.. $5)90; . - I( use,‘Ky., (385)772'; review of* Tegisi&rionl 6 ?^ special, Fla., (37r), 71; Hlch., (4O8), 75; state, III., (38/), 72: La., (387), 73; Nebr., (30/), 73; Utah. (809), 74; 8. Dak., (401), 74; temporary certificates. Vt., (103), 75; time of. N. Mex., (303), 74; Okla., (400), 74. (Sec a 'so Teachers 1 certificates.) Teachers' Institutes, attendance, Ark., (170), 88; Ky ;) 57; Ky.. (V4), 88; Wont., Js7), 80; N. C„ 80; Tenn., (W), 80; uuh, U/S), 78; Utah, (8*6), 90; conductor, N. Uex., (480), 80: course of study, Kana,, (60*o), 106; duration. Tenn., (404), 89; establishment. Ark.. (470), 88; 'Tenn,. (4*6), 89; A ’ '■**“ 88; Fta„ ' ' 10*), 69; w jJi.. (483), 88; La.. (486), 88; Idaho,' (370), 71; Okla., (40/), 80; Wls., (409), 90; Joint, Cal., (48m, 88; Ud., (438) 89; legislation, (470-408), 8d-90; review of legislation, 87; sessions of, N. C., (4«?).». Teachers, kindergarten, Fla., 4838a), 112. Teachers, pensions, Md.,(445), 81; N. J N. 3., (4b, ©I N. J.. ( ^ “ “ “ N, V7 Ufa) 82; * V. 82; N. Y7, (483), 82; Ohio,' (4*4). 82; legislation; (44 5-454) » 81-32; review of legislation, 81 . Mcbers, quallflcatlons, decision, Illinois eupreme court, 128; Minn., (433). 79; 8. Dak,, (4/7 ~ wiaDi iwnniM i, Arc. . ri/in, SBj (4»). 89; expenditures for, Cal., I48I), ., (4W, 88; N Uex. (433/. 89; On*., 0; Okla.. (40/), 89; Wls., (M), 90; fund, , ru., fOMXki, iu. l.,(445), 81; N. J., (448) r 81; , (44«). 82; N. Y.,(443).ffl;. Y„ (45/), 82; N. Y., (453), ipreme 7 76; tldren, cltUenshlp, Mont., (374), 69; crippled chi! schools for, HI., (753), 127; deaf, schools for, 111., >4243), 126. Teachers, reports of, N. C.. (108), 82. - Teaohers, salaries, bonds for, La., (380)), 57; La.. (44p)»80; legislation, (430-444) j 80-81; maximum, gS. 030). 80; mlnlmumiN. Dal!., (44/). 8l| ONo* WS* W. VaT, 044), 81: payment of, Idaho, (373), 56; La., (Sit), 92; (199), S3: Va., (443). 81; review of legislation, 80; special stateald, Ohio. (3S/a),fiO. Teachers, special subjects, Aria, (3/5), 109; agri- culture, Maas., (333), 110. „ Teachers, state associations of, publication of pro- ceedings of, Iowa, (438), 78. Teaohers* summer schools, establishment, Fla., JW; Tenn., (405), 89; expenditures, Va, Text-book commission, state. 8*4 Commission, text-book. Text-books, bids for. Iowa. (51/), 104; ohange of, Va, (500), 1O6; Wls., (odo). 105; oontracu for revlrion, Ind,, (600), 104; Md., (50*), 104; do- normal eohools, Wash., ' ^ *-■ v " lew 1 „„ _ . _ — of, misrepresentation, N. ,101 Township school boards and officers. Boards and offioen, local. » Transmittal, letter of of Educa- tion, & Transportation of pupils, Minn., (535), 93; Okla., (/«). 38; Vt., (55/), 94: deaf and blind. Md., . £ttion,t (5/0-53/), 92-04; railway fares, mm., (533), 90; review of legislation, 94. Bee Districts school consolidation. Trey, teachers' retirement fond, N. Y., (453), 82. Truancy, legislation, (639-681), 94-100; review of legislation, 94. Set Attendance compulsory. Truant officers, appointment of, Nebr., (558), 97; if: Y_* 99^ Wash., (577), 100; Truants, commitment, Mass., (550), 96; prdrecu- tlon, Me., (643), 96; Wish., (577), 100. Trustees, board of, school (tee Boards and officers, local); county high school, Iowa, (44), 24; Iowa, (846) 114; N, C., (355), 115; Boxbury Latin H i gh School, Mass.. (350), 114. Trustees, school, electoral boards for, Va., (71), 28; Va., (73), 28. V Trust funds, educational, Va., (178), 40. Trusts, school books and school supplies, Okla., (505), 105. Tuition fees. Aria.. (5/8), 109; Kans., (539), 93: Kans., (691), 93; N. C., (303), 106; Okla., (537), 93; Oreg., (538), 94: Wls,, (53/), 94. Tuition fees, high school, Cal., (94O), 62; decision, Kansas supreme court, 141. Union school*, support of, Me., (353), 64. United States flag, display of, N. Mex., (373), 68; Okla., (373), 68. Universities and colleges, amendment, constitu- tion, Utah, (703), 121: branches of, Minn., 47//), 122; control of, Ind., (734), I Minn., (80S). 120; Nev., (500), 120; N. Y., (733), 124; deolaton, supreme court, Fla., (509), 119; estab- lishment, Fla., (303). 119; tee s, Kana., (803), UO: funds, Kana., (JW), 42; instruction at, Ohio, (883), 118; Utah, (704), Ul; investigation, legislative, Wls., (707), 121: lands, Idaho, (337), 117: Idaho, (353), 117; Nebr., j(38/), 118; If. Dak., (188), 41; Tex., (/80), 41; Tax., (100), 4l; legislation, (680-707), 119-121; libraries. Ark., (&0), 119; name, 8. C,, (700), 121; reorganise tlon, (800a), 120; reports of, Iowa, (898), UO; 8. C. t (701), 121; review of legislation, 119; sala- riesat. Ores., (58L4), 118; sale of liquor near, Arts., (380). lift; Ark., (80f), 119; scholarships at, HI (304), 120; support and funds. Cal., (053), lie; Idaho, (867), U7; Idaho, (668), 117; Idaho, (670), 117; Kana.. (378), 117; Kans., (308), 120; Wls,, (887), 119; taxation tor, Iowa, (373), 117; Ohio. (918), 44; Ohio. (8897), 118; Ohio, (383), 118; Wls., (666), 119; Wyo., (888), 119. University extension, Ind., (83®), 112; Mass., (339) 112; Wls., (83/), 112. 9 University of the state of New York, regents, N. Y., (33), 21. Vacancies, district school boards, Oreg., (113 ). ». Vacation schools, 112. Vaccination, N. J., (585), 108; 8. C^ (583), 108; Va. (587), 108. Valuation of property, oertlA&W of, Okla., (144), Ventilation, school buildings, ^a., (354), 66. Virginia, University of, board of visitors, Va., (708), 131. Vivisection prohibited. Pa., (814), 108. Votws, qualification, legiilatton, (190-14*), SHK review of legislation, si War d al m s, use of, ter permanent school fund, ! Vt., (900), 45. Washington pollage.tsechere' oertlfloates tograd- uates/Md.. (434), ft. Week, school, wqgth ot La., ( 818 ), 90. Write, meaning^ abthtjrto. Mass., (14#), 96. Years, sohool, Tex.. (31, 17; o onumme smant of. STATK INDEX. [Figures in italic*, within parentheses, refer to enactment numbers: others to pages.) Alabama: 9. Alaska; 11. Arizona, V: (6. 7). 19: (017), 46; (610), 92; (615, 616), 109, (689), 110. Arkansas: 9; (180, IS!), 40: (098), 69; (3fe, 0*7), 62; (566). «>; (4/9). 77; 87; (479), 88; 106: (fc>5t, 107; (6f6), 111, (64/), 113; (690-690), 119, (709), 122 . California: 9, (6, 9). 19; (77^80), 29; (ISO), 34: (/SI. !Sf ), S.T, (ISO, 151), 87; (103), 42; 45; (0/8), 46. <0/8a, 0/9), 47 (040, 041), 62; (050), M; (008. 069), 65; (fW).69; (30fi. 309), 62: (575), 69. (576). 71; (407), 75; (457), 84; 87; (460, 46/). 88; (.500), 9U; W; (551.653). 95; 111; (60S, 63? ), 112; (643), 114; (665KH6; (703), 128. Colorado: 9: (664), 116. Connecticut*. 9; (/0), 19; (Si), 29; (/.«. 153)M*; (f70), 66; (451), 79; (654. 555), 95; (60/). 105; l6f7), 111; (666). 116: (730). 126. Delaware: 9, (55), 23; (/35), 85; (459), 80: 83; (468), 84; 94; (536), 9V Dibtrict of Columbia: 11 Florida; 9: (/54). 37: U94), 42: 45; ifW). 48: (040), 52: ( 37/) , 68; (577). 71: 87; (480), to; (6/5), 92: 111: (M3a), 112. (6.93). 119. Georgia; 9; 11: ( 135), 37; (300k 59. Hawaii; 11. * Idaho; 9; (30729. (/95), 42; (?43, 044), 62; 63: (033), 54; 55; (070. 073), 56: (376), 71: (400), 77; (439), 84; (5/9), 93; 116. (666-670). 117; (719), 123. ILLINOIS: 9, (59), 24. (AS), 29; (734). 86: (074,0 7 3). 66: (379-3Sl),T2'. 83; (1,60), 84; (483). 88; (643, 644), 1!4; (694). 120, (746), 126; (75?), 127. Indiana: 9; 26: (40). 24. (S4). 29:*(85), 30; (196), 42: 46; (??)). 48; (30/1.69: (330, 35/). C2; '80; (590). 104; (609), 112; (043), 114; 116; (67/), 117; (704), . 123. Iowa; 9; (//, /?), 19: (/3), 20; (4/-44),24; (86-901, 80. (133-138), 35, (766-/59). 37; (/80), 40, 53; (?54, ?65). 64: lf?6, r77), 56; (SOf). 59: 69. (380), 72; (4W). 78; (46/), 84; (501,60i\, 90: (5/4), 92. (597). 104; 106; (6)7), 109. (640), IN; 116: (67f-674), 117; (076), 1 IN; (698), 120, (7/0), 122; (7fU). 123. Kansas: 9, (43, 46). 24. U39), 35; (797-/99), 42: 1078. 079). 56; (303. 304). 59; (S3?), 6‘i: (SS3, 38 4). 72, (4/4, 4)5). 76: 83: (46?), M: 92; (300. 6fi). 93; (557), 95. (60fa), 106: 113: (647), 114; lib; (076-670). 118. (096|, 120, (747). 126. Kentucky. V. (/4). 20; i/60), 87 ( 0//),44: (00f), 49; (3SS), 63; (385. 386), 72. (4?/), 77; 83, (465). 84; 87: (464). 88. (618), 109; (679). 118. Louisiana: 10. 29: (91), 80: (?J0. f/3), 44: (t80), 57; 62. (354). 63; 69: (367). 73. (40?. 4?J),77: (440), 80; (483), 88, (515), 92; 94; (530. 539). 96; (619), 109. (735), 125. Maine: 10: 29: (90-94). 30: (ftS, 004), 49, (005), 50; (*36-«M),M; (300). 73. $3; (404, 403), 85. (517). 92; (540), 9tr (541-643). 96; 113; (649), 114. Maryland; 1U: (13-17), 20: (47), 24; ((14). 4-); (336) , 63; (4?4). 77 : 80: ((45),81:87i (405), 89; 94. (544, 545), 96: (590). 104: (750). 127. Massachusetts: V: 10; 11, note*. (95-97), 31. 62; (045), 63: (336). 63. (357) to; (409), 78t (430), 79: te. (500, 6t3). 93; (540-550), 9fr. (551. 66?), 97; (504. 500), 102; 106; (60S), 107. (0(0, 091), 109: (000) , m (630), 11^(060), 114; (097), 120; (751). I Michigan: 10; (/A, 19), 20: (98-100), 31; (140, 1*1), : 85; 55; (S8i). 57, (505), 59; (305), 60: (307), 68; (383), 68; (389, 390), 73r44flS). 75: (476, 477). 87: 90: (60S, 504). 91; 94; (553TM4). 97; (7C i, 124; | (743), 126. * Minnesota: l(h 17: 23; (40, 41/V26: (/OS), 31; (104), | 32; 87; (161-/05) , 38: (000), 42; (f?0, 007), *60; 52; (046, ?47), 53: 66: (080), 67: (507), 60; (tf6), 76; (453), 79: (4.55), 83; 84; (400), 85; 92; (504), 93; 94; (555). 07: (603) , 110; (680), 118; 119; (690), 120; (?//), 122; (734), 126, Mississippi. 10; (008), 50; (467), 85. Missouri; 10; (430), 78: (408, 460). 85; (5(5), 93; 94; (556), 97; (593), 104. ! Montana; 10; ( t83 , 084), 67: (374), 69; 84; (470). 85: 87: (487), 89; (735), 125. Nebraska: 10: (00). 20; 23; (50), 25; (l0£j, 32; (74?), 36: 63; (050), 54; 66: (085. t96 ), 67; (307a, 308). *60: 69: (30/), 73;- (557, 558), 97; (633). 112; (081). 118. Ne\ a da; 10: (fl), 20; 41: («01), 42; (393), 74: ( 60S ), 91: (600). 120: (730), 125. New Hampshire: 10; (00), 20; 52; (048), 53: (309), 60: (434), 79; (435), 80; (500), 91H13; (651), 114; (05C-654). 115. New Jersey; 9; 10: 23: (51,50), 25: (106) ,32; (000), 42; 45; (ff9, t30). 50; 53; (t60),54: (087^,57; (310), 60: (369), 68: (446), 81; (447,448). 82; 94; (559, 660 j, 98. (585), 102; 106; (604), 110; (605), 111; (7/?), 122. New Mexico; 10; (53), 25; (MSi.UO; (**$). 57; (311), 60; (370), 68; 69; (394-396), 74. (488, 48»), 89; 90; (507), 91; (701). 123. : New York; 9; 10: (/),17: (03), 21; (107), 32; (164), 38, (177), 40; (0O3, 004). 43, 45; (03/), 50; (338, 330). 6& (359), 67: (450-455), 82; 83; |477), 86: (5/3), 92, 94: (561, 560), 98; (594). 105; (7/3, 7/4), 122; (706, 7?7), 124. North Carolina: 10: (04-07), 21: (59, 60, 61). 26; 29: (108, 109), 32, (/65), 88; 53: (061), 64: (3/f, 3/3), 60: (340), 63; (360). 67; (397), 74 ; 87; (490), 89: 1 4991, 90: (508). 91: (563). 98: (595). 106; 106*. (603I, 106; 113; («55)S16; (737), 125. , North Dakota; 10; (03), 21: 23. (54). 25: (55-58), V0: 1/45). 36; (106), 38, (/34. 185), 41; (005,006), 43: 52; (049), 53; (060, 063), 55; (341). 63: (398), 74; 80: (441), 81; (509). 91; 94; (564, 365),'W; 106; (609, 610), ION; (834), 112. Onto; 10: (110), 32; (167), 88: (015), 44. (0310), 60; (089, 090), 68, (3/4), 60; (315, 3/6), 61; (399), 74, 80. (440). 81: (454), 82; (435a), 88; 92; (506^ 98; (680), 100; (035.639), 118; 116; (680, 683), 118; 110; (699a), 120; (738). 125; (749, 753), 127. Oklahoma; 10; (111, 110), 82; 84; (144, 143), *l87; (168), 88: 55: ( t9t , 090), 68: (317), 61; (340), 68; (575), 68; (400). 74; (4t5),78;79: (436), 80; (491), K9: 92; (507), 93: (596), 106:105; (615), 108; (708), 124. * Oregon: 10: (0). 17; (60), »; (/IS), 82; (169). 39; (016), 44; (13?), 60: (545), 63; (409), 76; 79; (457), 80:81:87; (490), 89,92: (508), 94: (566), 98; (567). 99; 106: (604). 106: (684), 118: 4750), 126. Pennsylvania: 10; (09), 2l;,23; *(«5), 27; (1/4), 82; (1/3, 116), 88; (170, 171). 89; (1»), 41; (315), 61; (554), 86*. 80: (495). 89: 94. (569), 99; 106; (607), 107; (614). 108: (640)7 118; (656, 657),* 116; (715), 122: fcw), 126. Philippine Islands: ii. 156 STATE INDEX, # [Figure* w B °5;.? At0UKA: 9; 10 ; W.27; (JOT) 43; (*3J) ^ - 123; <*»*• 48: Wmi: w/Sfe"; m. $)'&*’■ W) - W: «= Utah: 10; (4), 18; (50), 21; (66-68) 27 29* (777 07, 69: (40f), 74; (418), 76; (496), 90; 94* (67t) 99; (598), 106; 119; (7{tf ( 704), 121; (716), 12$f ’ V m“,° 42; J 2i < ^ 4a , ) :. 19; uWw: <««), S: !fe ; ( ni; ”ii W) 4 . ) ii 0: ,is9):i0,: Virginia: 10; (3*-34), 21; (1*0-1*3) *- 40; (£10) : 10; (M-J4), 21; (69), 27; (70-71), 28: 29- 5’ li*y» 84 J *: (178,170), ’ a?! 631 W). 65; (£94), 68; L** 1 ) > M : ( 547, 348) , 64 ; ( 356, 557 ) , 66; 09; ( 404 ) 76: fi*n, 80; (443), 81: 87; ™ ’ A w &* , --2; (699 *- (706, 708), 121. I 4 * 5 !* 81 : (497), 90; (51£), 91; (a^), iai; (699 | 60t), 106; (All), 108; (669). lie; Washington: 10; (36), 22; (1*5), 84; ( 147), 86; (fJ7) JHB'S 8 * (VW<*W.£n : 78; U7S ^ 86 1 w - (577), 100; (717), 128 ^^ OI ii IA J 0; (,9f) * 41 - (W),68; (3*3); 61; (366), 67; 80; (444), 81; 94; (678), lOO. Wibconsin; 10; 19; (», 57), 22; 23; (73-76),28- (156- 1*9).84; (145), 86; 46; (*38. £39), 61; 63; (*36, *87) 66; (3*4), 61; 62, (561,565), 64; (353), 66, (368)’ «; (371), 68; (406), 75; (41*, 413), 76: (474,475) 86, (478), 87; (498), 90; 92, (651), 94; (650,581)’ I?*' I06: i ew<1 )* 222; (651), 112; (860.801), "ti-rSf' iS 1, '* {7m) ' 121: 123: (M,) ' •’»! (w, - 6i: <«*>• * pi (